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Bulgaria Eng OK.Indd Taming the Arsenal – Small Arms and Light Weapons in Bulgaria (2005-03-15) The South Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons (SEESAC) has a mandate from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Stability Pact for South East Europe (SPSEE) to provide operational assistance, technical assistance and management information in support of the formulation and implementation of SALW co-ordination, control and reduction measures, projects and activities in order to support the Stability Pact Regional Implementation Plan, thereby contributing to enhanced regional stability and further long-term development in South Eastern Europe. For further information contact: Team Leader SEESAC Saferworld Center for the Study of Internacionalnih Brigada 56 The Grayston Centre Democracy 11000 Belgrade 28 Charles Square 5 Alexander Zhendov Str. Serbia and Montenegro London 1113 Sofia N1 6HT Bulgaria Tel: (+381 11) 344 63 53 Tel: +44 (0) 20 7324 4646 Tel: (+359 2) 971 3000 Fax: (+381 11) 344 63 56 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7324 4647 Fax: (+359 2) 971 2233 www.seesac.org Web: www.saferworld.org.uk Web: www.csd.bg Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Taming the Arsenal – Small Arms and Light Weapons in Bulgaria © SEESAC 2005 – All rights reserved ISBN: 86-7728-001-4 The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the United Nations Development Programme or the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of the United Nations Development Programme or the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe concerning 1) the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities or armed groups; or 2) concerning the delineation of its frontiers or boundaries. Taming the Arsenal – Small Arms and Light Weapons in Bulgaria (2005-03-15) Acknowledgements This report was written by Simon Rynn (Saferworld), Philip Gounev (Center for the Study of Democracy) and Thomas Jackson (Saferworld). Special thanks go to the following for their information and advice during the research: Larry Attree (South East European Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons); Tihomir Bezlov (Senior Researcher, Center for the Study of Democracy); Vladimir Gaidarski (National Service for Combating Organised Crime); Boyko Kotzev (Deputy Minister of Interior); Bernardo Mariani (Team Leader, Eastern Europe Programme, Saferworld); Henry Smith (Head of Europe Programme, Saferworld); Roumen Stoianov (National Border Police Service); Adrian Wilkinson (South East European Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons). i Taming the Arsenal – Small Arms and Light Weapons in Bulgaria (2005-03-15) Acronyms and abbreviations ADGT Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies BHC Bulgarian Helsinki Committee BRC Bulgarian Red Cross BSEC Black Sea Economic Co-operation Organisation CEI Central European Initiative CHDO Control of Hazardous Devices Office CIA Central Intelligence Agency COARM European Union Working Party on Conventional Arms Exports COMTRADE United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database CSD Center for the Study of Democracy CSTMB Central Storage and Technical Maintenance Base EU European Union EUC End User Certificate EUROPOL European Police Office FGD Focus Group Discussion HHS Household Survey HRW Human Rights Watch IAS Integrated Alarm System INTERPOL International Criminal Police Organisation JACIG Joint Arms Control Implementation Group LCESFA Law on the Control of Explosive Substances, Firearms and Ammunition LCFTADGT Law on the Control of Foreign Trade Activity in Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies MANPADS Man-Portable Air Defence Systems MFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs MoD Ministry of Defence MoE Ministry of Economy MoI Ministry of Interior MPMCS Military Police and Military Counterintelligence Service NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation NBPS National Border Police Service NFP National Focal Point NGO Non-Governmental Organisation ii Taming the Arsenal – Small Arms and Light Weapons in Bulgaria (2005-03-15) NISAT Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers NPS National Police Service NSCOC National Service for Combating Organised Crime NSI National Statistics Institute NSS National Security Service ODC Organisation for Defence Co-operation OSCE Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe PHARE European Union pre-accession assistance programme for Central and Eastern European countries PSC Private Security Company R&D Research and Development PfP Partnership for Peace (NATO) RIP Regional Implementation Plan RMDS/G Regional Micro Disarmament Standards and Guidelines RPG Rocket-Propelled Grenade SADS Small Arms Distribution Survey SALW Small Arms and Light Weapons SAS Small Arms Survey SECI Southeast Europe Co-operative Initiative SEESAC South Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons SMPMC Military Counter-Intelligence Service UK United Kingdom UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNPoA United Nations Programme of Action to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons in all its aspects UNSC United Nations Security Council USA United States of America WMD Weapons of Mass Destruction iii Taming the Arsenal – Small Arms and Light Weapons in Bulgaria (2005-03-15) Table of Contents Acknowledgements ..............................................................................................................................................................................i Acronyms and abbreviations .............................................................................................................................................................. ii Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................................................3 1 Small Arms Distribution Survey (SADS) ....................................................................................................................................5 1.1 Legal SALW ........................................................................................................................................................................5 1.1.1 Civilian weapons ..................................................................................................................................................5 1.1.1.1 Geographical distribution .................................................................................................................9 1.1.1.2 Ethnic distribution .......................................................................................................................... 10 1.1.2 Bulgarian Armed Forces ....................................................................................................................................10 1.1.3 National Police Service and Ministry of Interior ..............................................................................................11 1.1.4 Other government agencies ............................................................................................................................ 12 1.2 Illegal SALW .....................................................................................................................................................................14 1.2.1 Numbers in circulation ......................................................................................................................................14 1.2.2 Distribution of illegal SALW ...............................................................................................................................16 1.2.3 Sources for illegal SALW ...................................................................................................................................18 1.2.3.1 Household thefts ............................................................................................................................ 19 1.2.3.2 Military depots ................................................................................................................................ 20 1.2.3.3 Illegal production and factory thefts ............................................................................................. 21 1.2.3.4 Illicit trafficking ............................................................................................................................... 22 1.2.3.5 Communist-era weapons ............................................................................................................... 25 1.3 Legal SALW production ...................................................................................................................................................25 1.3.1.1 Privatisation, reorientation and conversion .................................................................................. 30 1.4 SALW transfers ................................................................................................................................................................31 1.4.1.1 Brokered transfers .........................................................................................................................
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