Compliment to Surya Thapa Siddhi B Ranjitkar
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All Change at Rasuwa Garhi Sam Cowan [email protected]
Himalaya, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies Volume 33 | Number 1 Article 14 Fall 2013 All Change at Rasuwa Garhi Sam Cowan [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya Recommended Citation Cowan, Sam (2013) "All Change at Rasuwa Garhi," Himalaya, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies: Vol. 33: No. 1, Article 14. Available at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya/vol33/iss1/14 This Research Report is brought to you for free and open access by the DigitalCommons@Macalester College at DigitalCommons@Macalester College. It has been accepted for inclusion in Himalaya, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Macalester College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Research Report | All Change at Rasuwa Garhi Sam Cowan From time immemorial, pilgrims, traders, artisans, and Kyirong to aid the transshipment of goods and to carry religious teachers going to Lhasa from Kathmandu had to out major trading on their own account. Jest records that decide between two main routes. One roughly followed as late as 1959 there were forty five Newar households in the line of the present road to Kodari, crossed the border Kyirong and forty in Kuti (Jest 1993). where Friendship Bridge is built and followed a steep trail The two routes were used for the invasion of Tibet in 1788 to Kuti (Tib. Nyalam). Loads were carried by porters up to and 1791 by the forces of the recently formed Gorkha this point but pack animals were used for the rest of the state under the direction of Bahadur Shah, which led to journey. -
Nepali Times Welcomes Feedback
#304 30 June - 6 July 2006 16 pages Rs 30 Explosive legacy There may be a ceasefire but not a week goes by without children and women dying from bombs scattered across Nepal. On 25 June, the anti-landmine group Geneva Call organised a seminar in Kathmandu that brought together Maoists and the victims of their bombs. On the podium was socket bomb victim 13-year-old Ashok Thapa Magar, sitting next to Maoist leaders Ailman and Ekraj Bhandari (pictured, right). After hearing Ashok’s mother relate how her son was wounded, the audience bombarded the Maoists with questions. Used to getting their way with the gun, the comrades have not yet learnt to engage in public debate. Their response was: war is not a picnic, people are killed and injured. After we attain victory, there will be no more violence, etc. But these answers didn't seem to satisfy Ashok’s mother about why her son had to suffer. Weekly Internet Poll # 304 Q... Do you think the seven party alliance has given in too much to Maoist demands? Total votes: 5,236 Weekly Internet Poll # 305. To vote go to: www.nepalitimes.com Q... Which among these is your favourite team in the 2006 Football World Cup? KIRAN PANDAY Parallel government Everywhere we look, we see double olitical transitions are a for bids resolution rejecting it. aparliamentary proclamations time of confusion. But the The government has a police This is a direct challenge to between 7-16 June to demote the P post-uprising interregnum force, the Maoists have their militia the Maoists and their strategy to king, delink him from the army is looking more and more bizarre. -
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No. 43 Working Papers Working Negotiating Between Unequal Neighbours: India‘s Role in Nepal‘s Recent Constitution-Making Process Prakash Bhattarai December 2018 1 Negotiating Between Unequal Neighbours: India’s Role in Nepal’s Recent Constitution-Making Process1 Prakash Bhattarai ABSTRACT Nepal’s post-conflict constitution-making process has seen the involvement of many international actors. While studies on democracy promotion, to this day, mainly focus on Western “donors” and international organizations, this paper looks at the role played by India in the complicated process of moving from a peace agreement to the establishment of an inclusive, democratic constitution in Nepal. More specifically, it is analysed how a powerful neighbouring democracy (India) participated in what is essentially a domestic negotiation process (constitution-making) with a view to influencing the emerging demo- cratic regime. In terms of the issues on the negotiation table, the analysis shows that India, in pushing for an inclusive constitution, pursued the specific agenda of supporting the inclusion of the Madheshis, an ethnic group mostly living in Nepal’s Terai region. In terms of negotiation strategies, the paper identifies four different ways in which India tried to influence the constitution: high-level dialogue; economic blockade; international coalition building; and targeted support of domestic oppositional forces in Nepal. Com- prehensive as this negotiation strategy was, it only met with partial success. Parameters that limited India’s influence included the domestic strength and legitimacy of the official Nepali position (elite alignment; popular support) as well as scepticism concerning In- dia’s role in Nepal, which was reinforced by India’s overly partisan agenda. -
Nepal's Peace Agreement: Making It Work
NEPAL’S PEACE AGREEMENT: MAKING IT WORK Asia Report N°126 – 15 December 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 II. APRIL AFTERMATH................................................................................................... 2 A. FROM POPULAR PROTEST TO PARLIAMENTARY SUPREMACY ................................................2 B. A FUNCTIONAL GOVERNMENT?..............................................................................................3 C. CONTESTED COUNTRY ...........................................................................................................5 III. THE TALKS ................................................................................................................... 6 A. A ROCKY START...................................................................................................................6 1. Eight-point agreement.................................................................................................6 2. Engaging the UN ........................................................................................................7 3. Mutual suspicion.........................................................................................................8 B. THE STICKING POINTS............................................................................................................8 1. Arms -
A Case Study of Jana Andolan II in Nepal
Occasional Paper: Peace Building Series No.1 FutureGenerations Applied Community Graduate School Change and Conservation PeoPle’s ParticiPation in conflict transformation: a case study of Jana andolan II in nePal Bandita Sijapati Social Science Baha February 2009 Occasional Papers of the Future Generations Graduate School explore community-based approaches to social development, health, nature conservation, peace building, and governance. Faculty, alumni, and partner organizations present their field studies and applied research. www.future.edu People’s Participation in Conflict Transformation: A Case Study of Jana Andolan II in Nepal Rise from every village, rise from every settlement To change the face of this country, rise Those who have a pen in hand, bring your pen and rise Those who can play an instrument, bring your instrument and rise Those who have a tool in hand, bring your tool and rise Those who have nothing at all, bring your voice and rise.1 I. INTRODUCTION In April 2006, there was a country-wide people’s movement in Nepal, popularly known as the Jana Andolan II,2 against King Gyanendra’s direct rule3 following a 12-point understanding reached between the Seven Party Alliance4 and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), which was leading a communist insurgency against the state. The 19-day-long Jana Andolan II5 (People’s Movement II) ended direct rule by Gyanendra, forced him to return power to the reinstated parliament, and created a conducive environment for the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) between the government and the rebel Maoists in November 2006. The success of Jana Andolan II in thus ending the decade-long conflict that had affected all parts of the country has thus been hailed by many as being exemplary of the ways in which engaged citizenry and communities at the local level can have an impact on the resolution and transformation of violent conflict at the national level. -
Hotline Tel: + 49 .6221 653 0030 Fax: + 49 .6221 830 545 Email: [email protected] Http
FIAN International Secretariat P.O. Box 10 22 43 D-69012 Heidelberg Hotline Tel: + 49 .6221 653 0030 Fax: + 49 .6221 830 545 email: [email protected] http: www.fian.org 0507HNEP 19.04.2005 Nepal: Right to food of Kamaiya families threatened in Tikapur, eastern Kailali Around 848 Kamaiya (bonded labourers) families in Tikapur, eastern Kailali, have captured local airport land on the 17th of July 2004 in order to pressurize the government of Nepal to provide them with proper rehabilitation and land allocation. Kamaiyas belonged to the Kamaiya system of bonded labour from which they were liberated by the government in July 2000. During liberation the Kamaiyas were promised rehabilitation including land for their livelihood. But these promises were never kept and the Kamaiyas have been leading a life of destitution with threat of hunger and malnutrition. International action is needed to urge the government of Nepal to provide rehabilitation and land to the Kamaiyas. It is the state obligation to rehabilitate the freed Kamaiyas and fulfil their right to feed themselves. Please write polite letters to the Minister of Land reforms with a copy to the His Majesty King of Nepal requesting them to undertake effective and systematic rehabilitation of the Kamaiya families. Profile Nepal is surrounded by the great heights of the Himalayas and the People's Republic of China to the North and India to the South. Nepal is primarily an agricultural country. The Kamaiya families belong to the Kamaiya system of bonded labour, which was in practice in some regions of Nepal. When the Kamaiyas were unable to earn a livelihood or did not earn enough as they were either landless or did not have work they would take loans from landlords in order to survive or feed themselves. -
Chronology of Major Political Events in Contemporary Nepal
Chronology of major political events in contemporary Nepal 1846–1951 1962 Nepal is ruled by hereditary prime ministers from the Rana clan Mahendra introduces the Partyless Panchayat System under with Shah kings as figureheads. Prime Minister Padma Shamsher a new constitution which places the monarch at the apex of power. promulgates the country’s first constitution, the Government of Nepal The CPN separates into pro-Moscow and pro-Beijing factions, Act, in 1948 but it is never implemented. beginning the pattern of splits and mergers that has continued to the present. 1951 1963 An armed movement led by the Nepali Congress (NC) party, founded in India, ends Rana rule and restores the primacy of the Shah The 1854 Muluki Ain (Law of the Land) is replaced by the new monarchy. King Tribhuvan announces the election to a constituent Muluki Ain. The old Muluki Ain had stratified the society into a rigid assembly and introduces the Interim Government of Nepal Act 1951. caste hierarchy and regulated all social interactions. The most notable feature was in punishment – the lower one’s position in the hierarchy 1951–59 the higher the punishment for the same crime. Governments form and fall as political parties tussle among 1972 themselves and with an increasingly assertive palace. Tribhuvan’s son, Mahendra, ascends to the throne in 1955 and begins Following Mahendra’s death, Birendra becomes king. consolidating power. 1974 1959 A faction of the CPN announces the formation The first parliamentary election is held under the new Constitution of CPN–Fourth Congress. of the Kingdom of Nepal, drafted by the palace. -
To Read the Accompanying Letter
26 March 2012 Right Honourable Prime Minister Dr. Baburam Bhattarai Honourable Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Home Affairs Bijaya Kumar Gachhedar, Honourable leaders of the main political parties Mr Pushpa Kamal Dahal (Prachanda), UCPN (M); Mr. Sushil Koirala, NC; and Mr. Jhalnath Khanal, CPN (UML) Honourable members of the Constituent Assembly and Legislature Parliament Greetings from the International Fact-finding and Advocacy Mission to Nepal! On behalf of the International Mission, I am pleased to submit for your consideration a comprehensive review of the draft constitutional provisions on Freedom of Expression (FOE), the Right to Information (RTI) and Freedom of the Media, prepared by the International Mission to Nepal that met with you in the week of 23 February 2012. The Mission is pleased to note that many of the draft constitutional proposals provide a strong basis for guaranteeing the aforesaid rights to citizens in the spirit of the international conventions that Nepal is a party to, and we congratulate the Constituent Assembly for this. The fact that there is no disagreement on the aforesaid provisions among the parties also speaks of your personal commitments to these rights, as well as the desire of all political parties in Nepal to guarantee citizens these basic rights, which are cornerstones of a functioning democracy. In its 1990 Constitution, Nepal set an example in the region by opening up the media environment and guaranteeing the rights to FOE and RTI. As you progress towards preparing a new constitution for Nepal, you now have an opportunity to come up with a document that is among the most progressive in the world in terms of these foundational democratic rights. -
The Abolition of Monarchy and Constitution Making in Nepal
THE KING VERSUS THE PEOPLE(BHANDARI) Article THE KING VERSUS THE PEOPLE: THE ABOLITION OF MONARCHY AND CONSTITUTION MAKING IN NEPAL Surendra BHANDARI Abstract The abolition of the institution of monarchy on May 28, 2008 marks a turning point in the political and constitutional history of Nepal. This saga of constitutional development exemplifies the systemic conflict between people’s’ aspirations for democracy and kings’ ambitions for unlimited power. With the abolition of the monarchy, the process of making a new constitution for the Republic of Nepal has started under the auspices of the Constituent Assembly of Nepal. This paper primarily examines the reasons or causes behind the abolition of monarchy in Nepal. It analyzes the three main reasons for the abolition of monarchy. First, it argues that frequent slights and attacks to constitutionalism by the Nepalese kings had brought the institution of the monarchy to its end. The continuous failures of the early democratic government and the Supreme Court of Nepal in bringing the monarchy within the constitutional framework emphatically weakened the fledgling democracy, but these failures eventually became fatal to the monarchical institution itself. Second, it analyzes the indirect but crucial role of India in the abolition of monarchy. Third, it explains the ten-year-long Maoist insurgency and how the people’s movement culminated with its final blow to the monarchy. Furthermore, this paper also analyzes why the peace and constitution writing process has yet to take concrete shape or make significant process, despite the abolition of the monarchy. Finally, it concludes by recapitulating the main arguments of the paper. -
Annual Report (2016/17)
MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL ANNUAL REPORT (2016/17) KATHMANDU, NEPAL AUGUST 2017 Nepal: Facts and figures Geographical location: Latitude: 26° 22' North to 30° 27' North Longitude: 80° 04' East to 88° 12' East Area: 147,181 sq. km Border: North—People's Republic of China East, West and South — India Capital: Kathmandu Population: 28431494 (2016 Projected) Country Name: Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal Head of State: Rt. Honourable President Head of Government: Rt. Honourable Prime Minister National Day: 3 Ashwin (20 September) Official Language: Nepali Major Religions: Hinduism, Buddhism Literacy (5 years above): 65.9 % (Census, 2011) Life Expectancy at Birth: 66.6 years (Census, 2011) GDP Per Capita: US $ 853 (2015/16) Monetary Unit: 1 Nepalese Rupee (= 100 Paisa) Main Exports: Carpets, Garments, Leather Goods, Handicrafts, Grains (Source: Nepal in Figures 2016, Central Bureau of Statistics, Kathmandu) Contents Message from Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs Foreword 1. Year Overview 1 2. Neighbouring Countries and South Asia 13 3. North East Asia, South East Asia, the Pacific and Oceania 31 4. Central Asia, West Asia and Africa 41 5. Europe and Americas 48 6. Regional Cooperation 67 7. Multilateral Affairs 76 8. Policy, Planning, Development Diplomacy 85 9. Administration and Management 92 10. Protocol Matters 93 11. Passport Services 96 12. Consular Services 99 Appendices I. Joint Statement Issued on the State Visit of Prime Minister of Nepal, Rt. Hon’ble Mr. Pushpa Kamal Dahal ‘Prachanda’ to India 100 II. Treaties/Agreements/ MoUs Signed/Ratified in 2016/2017 107 III. Nepali Ambassadors and Consuls General Appointed in 2016/17 111 IV. -
Zeittafel Zur Nepalischen Geschichte Vor 60.000.000 Jahren Beginn Der Auffaltung Des Himalaya Vor 400-300.000 Jahren Entstehung Der Großen Himalayaseen (U
Zeittafel zur nepalischen Geschichte vor 60.000.000 Jahren Beginn der Auffaltung des Himalaya vor 400-300.000 Jahren Entstehung der großen Himalayaseen (u. a. im Kathmandutal) ca. 1500-1000 v.u.Z. Zuwanderung der ersten tibeto-mongolischen Völker (Kiranti) seit 1000 v.u.Z.. Zuwanderung der Khas-Bevölkerung ins westliche Nepal 7. Jh. v. -1. Jh. n.u.Z. legendenumwobene Kiranti-Zeit im Kathmandutal 544 v.u.Z. Geburt Buddhas in Lumbini, im nepalischen Tarai 250 v.u.Z. der buddhistische Kaiser Ashoka aus Indien besucht Lumbini 1. Jh. v.u.Z. erste Tamang-Gruppen siedeln im nördlichen Bagmati-Gebiet 1. Jh. erste Tamu (Gurung) siedeln im Gebiet des heutigen Mustang und Manang 464-505 vom Licchavi-Herrscher Manadeva I aus dem Kathmandutal sind erstmals Inschriften erhalten ca. 500 die Tamu (Gurung) siedeln südlich des Annapurna 7. Jh. Teile Nepals unter dem Einfluß des mächtigen großtibetischen Reiches; weitere Zuwanderung tibeto-mongolischer Völkerschaften 879 Ende der Licchavi-Herrschaft im Kathmandutal; Beginn der Newar-Zeitrechnung (Nepal Sambat ) 11.-12. Jh. erneute Zuwanderungswelle tibeto-mongolischer Völker 12.-14. Jh. Blütezeit des Khas-Reiches von Westnepal 1200 Beginn der Malla-Herrschaft im Kathmandutal ab 13. Jh. hohe Hindukasten aus Nordindien, insbesondere Rajasthan, fliehen nach Khasan, d. i. das westnepalische Hügelland ( pahar ) 1349 kurze Muslim-Invasion bis ins Kathmandutal 1382-1395 Jayasthiti Malla Herrscher im Kathmandutal; dortige Kodifizierung des Hindurechts 14.-15. Jh. die hohen Hindukasten dehnen ihre Macht in Westnepal aus; Beginn der Hinduisierung und Chetriierung der Magar- und Khas-Eliten 1428-1482 Yaksha Malla Herrscher im Kathmandutal; Blütezeit der Malla-Dynastie; danach Reichsteilung ca. -
EWARS) in NEPAL
ACTIVITY REPORT 126 Assessment of Early Warning and Reporting Systems (EWARS) in NEPAL David F. Pyle, Lalit M. Nath , Badri Lall Shrestha, Asok Sharma, Sushil Koirala March 2004 Prepared under EHP Project 26568/E.X.NE6.TE.SURVEIL Environmental Health Project Contract HRN-I-00-99-00011-00 is sponsored by the Office of Health, Infectious Diseases and Nutrition Bureau for Global Health U.S. Agency for International Development Washington, DC 20523 Contents Abbreviations............................................................................................................... iv About the Authors........................................................................................................ vi Executive Summary.................................................................................................... vii 1. Introduction................................................................................................................1 2. Background................................................................................................................3 3. Findings......................................................................................................................7 4. Conclusion ...............................................................................................................23 Annex. 1.......................................................................................................................25 Annex. 2.......................................................................................................................31