How Important Are Conidial Appendages?
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Transcriptomics of Different Tissues of Blueberry and Diversity Analysis Of
Chen et al. BMC Plant Biol (2021) 21:389 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-03125-z RESEARCH Open Access Transcriptomics of diferent tissues of blueberry and diversity analysis of rhizosphere fungi under cadmium stress Shaopeng Chen1*, QianQian Zhuang1, XiaoLei Chu2, ZhiXin Ju1, Tao Dong1 and Yuan Ma1 Abstract Blueberry (Vaccinium ssp.) is a perennial shrub belonging to the family Ericaceae, which is highly tolerant of acid soils and heavy metal pollution. In the present study, blueberry was subjected to cadmium (Cd) stress in simulated pot culture. The transcriptomics and rhizosphere fungal diversity of blueberry were analyzed, and the iron (Fe), manga- nese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) content of blueberry tissues, soil and DGT was determined. A correlation analysis was also performed. A total of 84 374 annotated genes were identifed in the root, stem, leaf and fruit tissue of blueberry, of which 3370 were DEGs, and in stem tissue, of which 2521 were DEGs. The annotation data showed that these DEGs were mainly concentrated in a series of metabolic pathways related to signal transduction, defense and the plant–pathogen response. Blueberry transferred excess Cd from the root to the stem for storage, and the highest levels of Cd were found in stem tissue, consistent with the results of transcriptome analysis, while the lowest Cd concentration occurred in the fruit, Cd also inhibited the absorption of other metal elements by blueberry. A series of genes related to Cd regulation were screened by analyzing the correlation between heavy metal content and transcriptome results. The roots of blueberry rely on mycorrhiza to absorb nutrients from the soil. -
Exploring a Plant-Soil-Mycorrhiza Feedback with Rhododendron
EXPLORING A PLANT-SOIL-MYCORRHIZA FEEDBACK WITH RHODODENDRON MAXIMUM IN A TEMPERATE HARDWOOD FOREST by NINA WURZBURGER (Under the Direction of Ronald L. Hendrick) ABSTRACT Rhododendron maximum is altering plant diversity and composition in southern Appalachian forests, but the mechanisms by which it does so are not fully understood. R. maximum may alter the nitrogen (N) cycle and create a N-based plant-soil-mycorrhiza feedback. Standing stocks of soil organic matter and inputs of leaf and root litter were greater in forest microsites with R. maximum than those without. Tannin extracts from R. maximum litter had a relatively high capacity to precipitate protein compared to extracts from tree litter. Across the growing season, soil inorganic N availability was generally lower in R. maximum soils. Our data suggest that R. maximum litter alters N cycling through the formation of recalcitrant protein-tannin complexes. We examined the soil fate of reciprocally-placed 15N enriched protein-tannin complexes. Based upon recovery of 15N from soil N pools and microbial biomass, protein-tannin complexes derived from R. maximum leaf litter were more recalcitrant than those from hardwood trees. Ericoid mycorrhizal roots of R. maximum were more enriched in 15N compared to ecto-and arbuscular mycorrhizal roots, particularly with R. maximum derived protein-tannin complexes. These results suggest that R. maximum has greater access to the N complexed by its own litter tannins compared to other forest plants and trees. We characterized the composition of the ericoid mycorrhizal root fungal community of R. maximum using both a culture-based and cloning-based approach (direct DNA extraction and amplification of the ITS region) and observed 71 putative fungal taxa. -
Molecular Systematics of the Sordariales: the Order and the Family Lasiosphaeriaceae Redefined
Mycologia, 96(2), 2004, pp. 368±387. q 2004 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Molecular systematics of the Sordariales: the order and the family Lasiosphaeriaceae rede®ned Sabine M. Huhndorf1 other families outside the Sordariales and 22 addi- Botany Department, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake tional genera with differing morphologies subse- Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496 quently are transferred out of the order. Two new Andrew N. Miller orders, Coniochaetales and Chaetosphaeriales, are recognized for the families Coniochaetaceae and Botany Department, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496 Chaetosphaeriaceae respectively. The Boliniaceae is University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of accepted in the Boliniales, and the Nitschkiaceae is Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7060 accepted in the Coronophorales. Annulatascaceae and Cephalothecaceae are placed in Sordariomyce- Fernando A. FernaÂndez tidae inc. sed., and Batistiaceae is placed in the Euas- Botany Department, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496 comycetes inc. sed. Key words: Annulatascaceae, Batistiaceae, Bolini- aceae, Catabotrydaceae, Cephalothecaceae, Ceratos- Abstract: The Sordariales is a taxonomically diverse tomataceae, Chaetomiaceae, Coniochaetaceae, Hel- group that has contained from seven to 14 families minthosphaeriaceae, LSU nrDNA, Nitschkiaceae, in recent years. The largest family is the Lasiosphaer- Sordariaceae iaceae, which has contained between 33 and 53 gen- era, depending on the chosen classi®cation. To de- termine the af®nities and taxonomic placement of INTRODUCTION the Lasiosphaeriaceae and other families in the Sor- The Sordariales is one of the most taxonomically di- dariales, taxa representing every family in the Sor- verse groups within the Class Sordariomycetes (Phy- dariales and most of the genera in the Lasiosphaeri- lum Ascomycota, Subphylum Pezizomycotina, ®de aceae were targeted for phylogenetic analysis using Eriksson et al 2001). -
Performance of Four Ribosomal DNA Regions to Infer Higher-Level Phylogenetic Relationships of Inoperculate Euascomycetes (Leotiomyceta)
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 34 (2005) 512–524 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Performance of four ribosomal DNA regions to infer higher-level phylogenetic relationships of inoperculate euascomycetes (Leotiomyceta) H. Thorsten Lumbscha,¤, Imke Schmitta, Ralf Lindemuthb, Andrew Millerc, Armin Mangolda,b, Fernando Fernandeza, Sabine Huhndorfa a Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA b Universität Duisburg-Essen, Campus Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany c Center for Biodiversity, Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 E. Peabody Drive, Champaign, IL 61820, USA Received 9 June 2004; revised 14 October 2004 Available online 1 January 2005 Abstract The inoperculate euascomycetes are Wlamentous fungi that form saprobic, parasitic, and symbiotic associations with a wide vari- ety of animals, plants, cyanobacteria, and other fungi. The higher-level relationships of this economically important group have been unsettled for over 100 years. A data set of 55 species was assembled including sequence data from nuclear and mitochondrial small and large subunit rDNAs for each taxon; 83 new sequences were obtained for this study. Parsimony and Bayesian analyses were per- formed using the four-region data set and all 14 possible subpartitions of the data. The mitochondrial LSU rDNA was used for the Wrst time in a higher-level phylogenetic study of ascomycetes and its use in concatenated analyses is supported. The classes that were recognized in Leotiomyceta ( D inoperculate euascomycetes) in a classiWcation by Eriksson and Winka [Myconet 1 (1997) 1] are strongly supported as monophyletic. The following classes formed strongly supported sister-groups: Arthoniomycetes and Doth- ideomycetes, Chaetothyriomycetes and Eurotiomycetes, and Leotiomycetes and Sordariomycetes. -
An Overview of the Systematics of the Sordariomycetes Based on a Four-Gene Phylogeny
Mycologia, 98(6), 2006, pp. 1076–1087. # 2006 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 An overview of the systematics of the Sordariomycetes based on a four-gene phylogeny Ning Zhang of 16 in the Sordariomycetes was investigated based Department of Plant Pathology, NYSAES, Cornell on four nuclear loci (nSSU and nLSU rDNA, TEF and University, Geneva, New York 14456 RPB2), using three species of the Leotiomycetes as Lisa A. Castlebury outgroups. Three subclasses (i.e. Hypocreomycetidae, Systematic Botany & Mycology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Sordariomycetidae and Xylariomycetidae) currently Beltsville, Maryland 20705 recognized in the classification are well supported with the placement of the Lulworthiales in either Andrew N. Miller a basal group of the Sordariomycetes or a sister group Center for Biodiversity, Illinois Natural History Survey, of the Hypocreomycetidae. Except for the Micro- Champaign, Illinois 61820 ascales, our results recognize most of the orders as Sabine M. Huhndorf monophyletic groups. Melanospora species form Department of Botany, The Field Museum of Natural a clade outside of the Hypocreales and are recognized History, Chicago, Illinois 60605 as a distinct order in the Hypocreomycetidae. Conrad L. Schoch Glomerellaceae is excluded from the Phyllachorales Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon and placed in Hypocreomycetidae incertae sedis. In State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 the Sordariomycetidae, the Sordariales is a strongly supported clade and occurs within a well supported Keith A. Seifert clade containing the Boliniales and Chaetosphaer- Biodiversity (Mycology and Botany), Agriculture and iales. Aspects of morphology, ecology and evolution Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6 Canada are discussed. Amy Y. -
Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes
PROF. SINA ADL (Orcid ID : 0000-0001-6324-6065) PROF. DAVID BASS (Orcid ID : 0000-0002-9883-7823) DR. CÉDRIC BERNEY (Orcid ID : 0000-0001-8689-9907) DR. PACO CÁRDENAS (Orcid ID : 0000-0003-4045-6718) DR. IVAN CEPICKA (Orcid ID : 0000-0002-4322-0754) DR. MICAH DUNTHORN (Orcid ID : 0000-0003-1376-4109) PROF. BENTE EDVARDSEN (Orcid ID : 0000-0002-6806-4807) DR. DENIS H. LYNN (Orcid ID : 0000-0002-1554-7792) DR. EDWARD A.D MITCHELL (Orcid ID : 0000-0003-0358-506X) PROF. JONG SOO PARK (Orcid ID : 0000-0001-6253-5199) DR. GUIFRÉ TORRUELLA (Orcid ID : 0000-0002-6534-4758) Article DR. VASILY V. ZLATOGURSKY (Orcid ID : 0000-0002-2688-3900) Article type : Original Article Corresponding author mail id: [email protected] Adl et al.---Classification of Eukaryotes Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes Sina M. Adla, David Bassb,c, Christopher E. Laned, Julius Lukeše,f, Conrad L. Schochg, Alexey Smirnovh, Sabine Agathai, Cedric Berneyj, Matthew W. Brownk,l, Fabien Burkim, Paco Cárdenasn, Ivan Čepičkao, Ludmila Chistyakovap, Javier del Campoq, Micah Dunthornr,s, Bente Edvardsent, Yana Eglitu, Laure Guillouv, Vladimír Hamplw, Aaron A. Heissx, Mona Hoppenrathy, Timothy Y. Jamesz, Sergey Karpovh, Eunsoo Kimx, Martin Koliskoe, Alexander Kudryavtsevh,aa, Daniel J. G. Lahrab, Enrique Laraac,ad, Line Le Gallae, Denis H. Lynnaf,ag, David G. Mannah, Ramon Massana i Moleraq, Edward A. D. Mitchellac,ai , Christine Morrowaj, Jong Soo Parkak, Jan W. Pawlowskial, Martha J. Powellam, Daniel J. Richteran, Sonja Rueckertao, Lora Shadwickap, Satoshi Shimanoaq, Frederick W. Spiegelap, Guifré Torruella i Cortesar, Noha Youssefas, Vasily Zlatogurskyh,at, Qianqian Zhangau,av. -
Evidence on High Soil Fungal Diversity and Biogeochemical Heterogeneity
Small-scale variation in a pristine montane cloud forest: evidence on high soil fungal diversity and biogeochemical heterogeneity Patricia Velez1, Yunuen Tapia-Torres2, Felipe García-Oliva3 and Jaime Gasca-Pineda4 1 Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico 2 Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico 3 Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico 4 UBIPRO, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Estado de México, Mexico ABSTRACT Montane cloud forests are fragile biodiversity hotspots. To attain their conservation, disentangling diversity patterns at all levels of ecosystem organization is mandatory. Biotic communities are regularly structured by environmental factors even at small spatial scales. However, studies at this scale have received less attention with respect to larger macroscale explorations, hampering the robust view of ecosystem functioning. In this sense, fungal small-scale processes remain poorly understood in montane cloud forests, despite their relevance. Herein, we analyzed soil fungal diversity and ecological patterns at the small-scale (within a 10 m triangular transect) in a pristine montane cloud forest of Mexico, using ITS rRNA gene amplicon Illumina sequencing and biogeochemical profiling. We detected a taxonomically and functionally diverse fungal community, -
Endophytic and Endolichenic Fungal Diversity in Maritime Antarctica Based on Cultured Material and Their Evolutionary Position Amongdikarya
VOLUME 2 DECEMBER 2018 Fungal Systematics and Evolution PAGES 263–272 doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2018.02.07 Endophytic and endolichenic fungal diversity in maritime Antarctica based on cultured material and their evolutionary position amongDikarya N.H. Yu1,2#, S.-Y. Park3#, J.A. Kim4, C.-H. Park1, M.-H. Jeong1, S.-O. Oh5, S.G. Hong6, M. Talavera7, P.K. Divakar8*, J.-S. Hur1* 1Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea 2Division of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea 3Department of Plant Medicine, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea 4National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, South Korea 5Division of Forest Biodiversity, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Korea 6Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea 7Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain 8Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain *Corresponding authors: [email protected], [email protected] #These authors contributed equally to this work. Key words: Abstract: Fungal endophytes comprise one of the most ubiquitous groups of plant symbionts. They live bryophytes asymptomatically within vascular plants, bryophytes and also in close association with algal photobionts endophytes inside lichen thalli. While endophytic diversity in land plants has been well studied, their diversity in lichens lichens and bryophytes are poorly understood. Here, we compare the endolichenic and endophytic fungal multi-locus molecular phylogeny communities isolated from lichens and bryophytes in the Barton Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica. -
Acremonium Phylogenetic Overview and Revision of Gliomastix, Sarocladium, and Trichothecium
available online at www.studiesinmycology.org StudieS in Mycology 68: 139–162. 2011. doi:10.3114/sim.2011.68.06 Acremonium phylogenetic overview and revision of Gliomastix, Sarocladium, and Trichothecium R.C. Summerbell1, 2*, C. Gueidan3, 4, H-J. Schroers3, 5, G.S. de Hoog3, M. Starink3, Y. Arocha Rosete1, J. Guarro6 and J.A. Scott1, 2 1Sporometrics, Inc. 219 Dufferin Street, Suite 20C, Toronto, Ont., Canada M6K 1Y9; 2Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 223 College St., Toronto ON Canada M5T 1R4; 3CBS-KNAW, Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; 4Department of Botany, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD London, United Kingdom; 5Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, Mycology Unit, Medical School; 6IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain *Correspondence: Richard Summerbell, [email protected] Abstract: Over 200 new sequences are generated for members of the genus Acremonium and related taxa including ribosomal small subunit sequences (SSU) for phylogenetic analysis and large subunit (LSU) sequences for phylogeny and DNA-based identification. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that within the Hypocreales, there are two major clusters containing multiple Acremonium species. One clade contains Acremonium sclerotigenum, the genus Emericellopsis, and the genus Geosmithia as prominent elements. The second clade contains the genera Gliomastix sensu stricto and Bionectria. In addition, there are numerous smaller clades plus two multi-species clades, one containing Acremonium strictum and the type species of the genus Sarocladium, and, as seen in the combined SSU/LSU analysis, one associated subclade containing Acremonium breve and related species plus Acremonium curvulum and related species. -
Ascomycetes Associated with Ectomycorrhizas: Molecular Diversity and Ecology with Particular
Environmental Microbiology (2009) 11(12), 3166–3178 doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.02020.x Ascomycetes associated with ectomycorrhizas: molecular diversity and ecology with particular reference to the Helotialesemi_2020 3166..3178 Leho Tedersoo,1,2* Kadri Pärtel,1 Teele Jairus,1,2 to other helotialean root-associated fungi, indicating Genevieve Gates,3 Kadri Põldmaa1,2 and independent evolution. The ubiquity and diversity of Heidi Tamm1 the secondary root-associated fungi should be con- 1Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth sidered in studies of mycorrhizal communities to Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai Street, 51005 avoid overestimating the richness of true symbionts. Tartu, Estonia. 2Natural History Museum of Tartu University, 46 Introduction Vanemuise Street, 51005 Tartu, Estonia. 3Schools of Agricultural Science and Plant Science, Endophytic and mycorrhizosphere microbes, especially University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Bacteria, Archaea and microfungi, synthesize plant Australia. growth regulators and vitamins facilitating the develop- ment and functioning of the mycorrhizal system in soil (Schulz et al., 2006). These root-associated microbes Summary such as mycorrhiza helper bacteria and the nitrogen- Mycorrhizosphere microbes enhance functioning of fixing actinobacteria and rhizobia differ substantially in the plant–soil interface, but little is known of their their function and ecology, including host preference pat- ecology. This study aims to characterize the asco- terns (Benson and Clawson, 2000; Sprent and James, mycete communities associated with ectomycorrhi- 2007; Burke et al., 2008). Of microfungi, foliar endo- zas in two Tasmanian wet sclerophyll forests. We phytes may considerably vary according to the special- hypothesize that both the phyto- and mycobiont, ization to different host species and even organs mantle type, soil microbiotope and geographical dis- (Neubert et al., 2006; Arnold, 2007; Higgins et al., 2007). -
Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity Of
Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology ISSN 1066-5234 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes Sina M. Adla,* , David Bassb,c , Christopher E. Laned, Julius Lukese,f , Conrad L. Schochg, Alexey Smirnovh, Sabine Agathai, Cedric Berneyj , Matthew W. Brownk,l, Fabien Burkim,PacoCardenas n , Ivan Cepi cka o, Lyudmila Chistyakovap, Javier del Campoq, Micah Dunthornr,s , Bente Edvardsent , Yana Eglitu, Laure Guillouv, Vladimır Hamplw, Aaron A. Heissx, Mona Hoppenrathy, Timothy Y. Jamesz, Anna Karn- kowskaaa, Sergey Karpovh,ab, Eunsoo Kimx, Martin Koliskoe, Alexander Kudryavtsevh,ab, Daniel J.G. Lahrac, Enrique Laraad,ae , Line Le Gallaf , Denis H. Lynnag,ah , David G. Mannai,aj, Ramon Massanaq, Edward A.D. Mitchellad,ak , Christine Morrowal, Jong Soo Parkam , Jan W. Pawlowskian, Martha J. Powellao, Daniel J. Richterap, Sonja Rueckertaq, Lora Shadwickar, Satoshi Shimanoas, Frederick W. Spiegelar, Guifre Torruellaat , Noha Youssefau, Vasily Zlatogurskyh,av & Qianqian Zhangaw a Department of Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, SK, Canada b Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, United Kingdom c Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom d Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, 02881, USA e Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy -
Mycobiome of the Bat White Nose Syndrome Affected Caves And
Mycobiome of the Bat White Nose Syndrome Affected Caves and Mines Reveals Diversity of Fungi and Local Adaptation by the Fungal Pathogen Pseudogymnoascus (Geomyces) destructans Tao Zhang1¶, Tanya R. Victor1¶, Sunanda S. Rajkumar1, Xiaojiang Li1, Joseph C. Okoniewski2, Alan C. Hicks2, April D. Davis3, Kelly Broussard3, Shannon L. LaDeau4, Sudha Chaturvedi1, 5*, and Vishnu Chaturvedi1, 5* 1Mycology Laboratory and 3Rabies Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA; 2Bureau of Wildlife, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, New York, USA; 4Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York, USA; 5Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA Key Words: Culture-dependent, Culture-independent, Psychrophile, Diversity Parameters, ITS, LSU, OTU, Running Title: Mycobiome of White Nose Syndrome Sites ¶These authors contributed equally to this work. *Corresponding authors: Sudha Chaturvedi, [email protected]; Vishnu Chaturvedi [email protected] 1 Abstract Current investigations of bat White Nose Syndrome (WNS) and the causative fungus Pseudogymnoascus (Geomyces) destructans (Pd) are intensely focused on the reasons for the appearance of the disease in the Northeast and its rapid spread in the US and Canada. Urgent steps are still needed for the mitigation or control of Pd to save bats. We hypothesized that a focus on fungal community would advance the understanding of ecology and ecosystem processes that are crucial in the disease transmission cycle. This study was conducted in 2010 - 2011 in New York and Vermont using 90 samples from four mines and two caves situated within the epicenter of WNS.