TEAM NAMES: Milwaukee

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Black Diamonds: Negro League Baseball Teams, 1920-1949 TEAM NAMES: Milwaukee Akron Blue Birds Atlanta Black Crackers Detroit Atlantic City Bacharach Giants Chicago Baltimore Black Sox, Elite Giants Toledo Birmingham Black Barons Cleveland Newark Brooklyn Eagles, Royal Giants Akron New York Chattanooga Black Lookouts Brooklyn Chicago American Giants, Columbia Giants, Giants Homestead Harrisburg Cincinnati Clowns, Cuban Stars, Tigers, Ethiopian Buckeyes Columbus Philadelphia Cleveland Bears, Bluebirds, Browns, Buckeyes, Cubs, Elite Giants, Hornets, Red Sox, Indianapolis Stars, Tate Stars, Tigers Dayton Atlantic City Kansas Baltimore Columbus Blue Birds, Buckeyes, Elite Giants, Redbirds, Elites Cincinnati City Wilmington Dayton Marcos Washington St. Louis Detroit Elites, Stars, Wolves Louisville Harrisburg Giants Homestead Grays (Pittsburgh) Indianapolis ABC’s, American Giants, Athletics, Clowns, Crawfords, Cuban Stars Jacksonville Red Caps Kansas City Monarchs Knoxville Giants Nashville Louisville Red Caps, White Sox Knoxville Memphis Red Sox Milwaukee Bears Memphis Chattanooga Monroe Monarchs Montgomery Gray Sox Nashville Elite Giants, Elites New Orleans Crescent Stars, Stars Atlanta New York Bacharach Giants, Black Yankees, Cuban Stars, Cubans, Harlem Stars, Birmingham Bombers, Lincoln Giants Newark Browns, Dodgers, Eagles, Stars Philadelphia Hilldale Daisies, Hilldales, Stars Monroe Montgomery Pittsburgh Crawfords, Keystones St. Louis Giants, Stars Toledo Crawfords, Tigers Washington Black Senators, Elite Giants, Homestead Grays, Pilots, Potomacs Wilmington Potomacs Jacksonville New Orleans Map Created by Melissa Gentry, GIS Research & Map Collection, Ball State University Libraries from The Complete Book of Baseball’s Negro Leagues: The Other Half of Baseball History by John Holway. Photographs from Playing America’s Game by Michael L. Cooper, Ball State University Libraries Educational Resources Collections. .

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Negro League Teams
From the Negro Leagues to the Major Leagues: How and Why Major League Baseball Integrated and the Impact of Racial Integration on Three Negro League Teams. Christopher Frakes Advisor: Dr. Jerome Gillen Thesis submitted to the Honors Program, Saint Peter's College March 28, 2011 Christopher Frakes Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction 3 Chapter 2: Kansas City Monarchs 6 Chapter 3: Homestead Grays 15 Chapter 4: Birmingham Black Barons 24 Chapter 5: Integration 29 Chapter 6: Conclusion 37 Appendix I: Players that played both Negro and Major Leagues 41 Appendix II: Timeline for Integration 45 Bibliography: 47 2 Chapter 1: Introduction From the late 19th century until 1947, Major League Baseball (MLB, the Majors, the Show or the Big Show) was segregated. During those years, African Americans played in the Negro Leagues and were not allowed to play in either the MLB or the minor league affiliates of the Major League teams (the Minor Leagues). The Negro Leagues existed as a separate entity from the Major Leagues and though structured similarly to MLB, the leagues were not equal. The objective of my thesis is to cover how and why MLB integrated and the impact of MLB’s racial integration on three prominent Negro League teams. The thesis will begin with a review of the three Negro League teams that produced the most future Major Leaguers. I will review the rise of those teams to the top of the Negro Leagues and then the decline of each team after its superstar(s) moved over to the Major Leagues when MLB integrated.
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Numbered Panel 1
PRIDE 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E The African-American Baseball Experience Cuban Giants season ticket, 1887 A f r i c a n -American History Baseball History Courtesy of Larry Hogan Collection National Baseball Hall of Fame Library 1 8 4 5 KNICKERBOCKER RULES The Knickerbocker Base Ball Club establishes modern baseball’s rules. Black Teams Become Professional & 1 8 5 0 s PLANTATION BASEBALL The first African-American professional teams formed in As revealed by former slaves in testimony given to the Works Progress FINDING A WAY IN HARD TIMES 1860 – 1887 the 1880s. Among the earliest was the Cuban Giants, who Administration 80 years later, many slaves play baseball on plantations in the pre-Civil War South. played baseball by day for the wealthy white patrons of the Argyle Hotel on Long Island, New York. By night, they 1 8 5 7 1 8 5 7 Following the Civil War (1861-1865), were waiters in the hotel’s restaurant. Such teams became Integrated Ball in the 1800s DRED SCOTT V. SANDFORD DECISION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BA S E BA L L PL AY E R S FO U N D E D lmost as soon as the game’s rules were codified, Americans attractions for a number of resort hotels, especially in The Supreme Court allows slave owners to reclaim slaves who An association of amateur clubs, primarily from the New York City area, organizes. R e c o n s t ruction was meant to establish Florida and Arkansas. This team, formed in 1885 by escaped to free states, stating slaves were property and not citizens.
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Glenn Killinger, Service Football, and the Birth
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School School of Humanities WAR SEASONS: GLENN KILLINGER, SERVICE FOOTBALL, AND THE BIRTH OF THE AMERICAN HERO IN POSTWAR AMERICAN CULTURE A Dissertation in American Studies by Todd M. Mealy © 2018 Todd M. Mealy Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2018 ii This dissertation of Todd M. Mealy was reviewed and approved by the following: Charles P. Kupfer Associate Professor of American Studies Dissertation Adviser Chair of Committee Simon Bronner Distinguished Professor Emeritus of American Studies and Folklore Raffy Luquis Associate Professor of Health Education, Behavioral Science and Educaiton Program Peter Kareithi Special Member, Associate Professor of Communications, The Pennsylvania State University John Haddad Professor of American Studies and Chair, American Studies Program *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT This dissertation examines Glenn Killinger’s career as a three-sport star at Penn State. The thrills and fascinations of his athletic exploits were chronicled by the mass media beginning in 1917 through the 1920s in a way that addressed the central themes of the mythic Great American Novel. Killinger’s personal and public life matched the cultural medley that defined the nation in the first quarter of the twentieth-century. His life plays outs as if it were a Horatio Alger novel, as the anxieties over turn-of-the- century immigration and urbanization, the uncertainty of commercializing formerly amateur sports, social unrest that challenged the status quo, and the resiliency of the individual confronting challenges of World War I, sport, and social alienation.
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Washington Redskins Vs. San Francisco 49Ers October 20, 2019 | Landover, Md Game Release
X WEEK 7 WASHINGTON REDSKINS VS. SAN FRANCISCO 49ERS OCTOBER 20, 2019 | LANDOVER, MD GAME RELEASE 21300 Redskin Park Drive | Ashburn, Va. 20147 | 703.726.7000 @Redskins | www.Redskins.com | media.Redskins.com REGULAR SEASON - WEEK 7 WASHINGTON REDSKINS (1-5) VS SAN FRANCISCO 49ERS (5-0) Sunday, Oct. 20 | 1:00 p.m. ET FedExField (82,000) | Landover, Md. REDSKINS HOST NFC WEST GAME CENTER LEADING SAN FRANCISCO 49ERS SERIES HISTORY: 49ers lead the all-time series, 20-11-1 The Redskins will look to win their second consecutive game 49ers lead the all-time regular season when they host the undefeated San Francisco 49ers at FedexField on series, 17-10-1 Sunday. Kickoff is schedule for 1:00 p.m. Last meeting: Oct. 15, 2017 [26-24 WAS] The Redskins will be looking to secure their first win at FedexField since defeating the Dallas Cowboys, 20-17 in Week 7 of last season. TELEVISION: FOX They will also be looking to win consecutive games for the first time Chris Myers (play-by-play) since defeating the Carolina Panthers and Dallas Cowboys in Week 6 and Week 7 of the 2018 season, respectively. Daryl Johnston (analyst) The Redskins defense is coming off of a solid performance. They Laura Okmin (sideline) held the Miami Dolphins to 16 points along with only allowing 271 net yards. It was the least amount of yards allowed by the team this sea- RADIO: Redskins Radio Network son and the fewest since Week 15 of 2018. Larry Michael (play-by-play) During his weekly press conference with the local media on Mon- Chris Cooley (analysis) day, Interim Head Coach Bill Callahan praised the defense and spe- Rick “Doc” Walker (sidelines) cifically commented on the play of S Landon Collins and CB Quinton Dunbar.
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Revue Adjusts Content After Complaints ND Tuition to Increase
the Observer The Independent Newspaper Serving Notre Dame and Saint Mary’s ndsmcobserver.com Volume 44 : Issue 87 Tuesday, February 15, 2011 ndsmcobserver.com Revue adjusts content after complaints Campaign By LAURA McCRYSTAL News Editor infractions After the Student Activities Office (SAO) received com- delay results plaints about the content of Thursday and Friday’s Keenan Revue performances, the audience at Saturday By MEGAN DOYLE night’s third and final show Associate News Editor saw an edited version of the Revue. Students cast their votes Keenan residents began Monday for student body making adjustments to the president and vice president, Revue beginning at 5:30 p.m. but they will not learn the Saturday for the 7 p.m. show, results of the election until junior Chase Riddle, the later in the week due to an Revue’s producer, said. These alleged rule violated by one changes included the elimi- of the candidates. nation of seven skits and GRANT TOBIN/The Observer The results of Monday’s edits to several others, Riddle Raymond Gallagher, Brendan Herrmann, Patrick Mines and Zach DuBois perform a skit on election will not be released said. Five of the original 29 dining hall etiquette during this year’s Keenan Revue. until the Student Union com- acts were not changed. pletes its review of the alle- “We feel that Friday night’s contract with Keenan for the gation, Michael Thomas, vice show was the Keenan Revue use of its O’Laughlin president of elections for for 2011 and Saturday night’s Auditorium. Judicial Council, said. show was just our attempt Peggy Hnatusko, director of “The election results will be and SAO’s quick fix for some Student Activities for announced as soon as the of the inconsistencies in Programming, said SAO allegation process is com- Friday night’s show and some received specific complaints plete,” Thomas said.
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Negro Southern League Museum Research
Negro Southern League (1920-1951) It was common practice for the teams in the league to all play a different number of games during the season. Standings are presented based on winning percentage for the entire season in “league” games only. Negro Southern League (1920) Newspaper accounts differ in the final standings of the teams that played in the Negro Southern League in 1920. Part of the difference in records reported by Southern newspapers revolved around whether or not certain forfeited games were counted or not counted in a team’s won-loss record. On September 11, 1920 The Chicago Defender reported the following Negro Southern League standings: 1920 Games Record Pct. Knoxville Giants 76 55-21 .724 Montgomery Grey Sox 86 47-39 .547 Atlanta Black Crackers 84 45-39 .536 Birmingham Black Barons 82 43-39 .524 New Orleans Caulfield Ads 82 43-39 .524 Nashville White Sox 80 40-40 .500 Jacksonville Stars 44 18-26 .409 For some explained reason, the Pensacola Giants were left out of the standings. Speculation is that it was a dropped line of type when the newspaper was put together. On September 12, 1920, the Alabama Journal of Montgomery, Alabama reported the following Negro Southern League standings: 1920 Games Record Pct. Montgomery Grey Sox 98 48-40 .545 Knoxville Giants 64 34-30 .531 New Orleans Caulfield Ads 83 44-39 .530 Birmingham Black Barons 82 43-39 .524 Atlanta Black Crackers 89 45-44 .505 Nashville White Sox 80 40-40 .500 Pensacola Giants 83 40-43 .482 Jacksonville Stars 44 18-26 .409 Notes: 1.
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Numbered Panel 2
2A 2B 2C 2D 2E Broadside featuring the Belmont Colored Giants of Harlem, 1908 Courtesy of National Baseball Hall of Fame Library A f r i c a n -American History Baseball History 1 8 8 7 GENTLEMEN’S AGREEMENT Midway through the season, International League owners agree to sign no new contracts with African-American baseball players, sparking the tradition of barring black players from pro ball. Other leagues follow and the era of integrated baseball soon ends. BARNSTORMING ON THE OPEN ROAD 1887–1919 NATIONAL COLORED BASE BALL LEAGUE With teams from Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Cincinnati, LINCOLN GIANTS Land of Giants Washington, Pittsburgh, Baltimore and Louisville, this league fails within three weeks of its May opener. By 1887, some black players were on organized baseball rosters, Many black barn s t o rmi ng teams took the name “Giants” arguably because 1 8 9 1 mainly in the minor leagues. But during that season, the International of the prominence of the National AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOLDS Financially weakened by long years of competition with the National L e a g u e ’s New York Giants, who were League, the American Association fails. League owners agreed to make no new contracts with African- managed by John McGraw. These American players. In unspoken agreement, other leagues adopted black teams, among them the 1 8 9 6 Mohawk Giants of Schenectady, PLESSY V. FERGUSON DECISION similar policies over the next 15 years. Black players, in response, the Union Giants of Chicago and the In a test of Jim Crow laws, the Supreme Court allows “separate Lincoln Giants of New York City, but equal” schools and public accommodations for African Americans, thereby supporting segregation of schools and started their own professional teams.
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Bud Weiser “King of Beers” ©Diamondsinthedusk.Com “It Was the First Time Many of the Fans Ever Saw Bud Weiser in Uniform
Bud Weiser “King of Beers” ©DiamondsintheDusk.com “It was the first time many of the fans ever saw Bud Weiser in uniform. Lots of them have admired it in a glass many a time, however. - May 31, 1917, The Wilkes-Barre Record on Weiser making his Wilkes-Barre debut More than just The King of Beers, Harry Budson “Bud” Weiser is known as the “Ty Cobb of the North Carolina League,” when he comes up to the National League’s Philadelphia Phillies in 1915 straight from the Class D league in the Tar Heel State. Weiser will play a full season with the Phil- lies in 1915 and a partial one in 1916. In 74 big league at bats, Weiser hits only .162 with 12 hits, including three doubles with nine RBIs and two stolen bases. Nine times in his 12 minor league seasons, the right-handed hitting outfielder will hit over .300, including a career-high .339 as a 32-year-old with the Binghamton Triplets in 1923. He finishes his minor league career with 1,231 hits and .307 batting average. In 1916, he leads the Eastern League in steals, totaling a career-high 55 for the first-place New London Planters. Twice he will capture individual batting titles, first in the North Carolina League (.333) in as a 23-year-old 1914 and then the New York State League (.375) in 1917. On three occasions he will “jump” his contract leaving his teams in the lurch and his impressive minor league career is interrupted by stints in outlaw or semipro leagues.
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The Humble Beginnings, Glorious Peak, and Slow Death of the Ethiopian Clowns
ABSTRACT ALL THE WORLD LOVES A CLOWN: THE HUMBLE BEGINNINGS, GLORIOUS PEAK, AND SLOW DEATH OF THE ETHIOPIAN CLOWNS The Ethiopian Clowns were founded by a white theater producer, Syd Pollock, in the early 1930s. During the segregation years, there was significant pressure placed on these black baseball clubs to carry themselves in a serious and business-like fashion. Pollock stressed individuality among his ballplayers. He sold his team to black and white audiences alike not only through the talent on the field, but also through creative sideshows which were racially insensitive at times. Drawing from his forerunners, the House of David and the Zulu Cannibal Giants, Pollock established a baseball product that drew fans to the field with tremendous success. He effectively balanced the sideshows with baseball where one did not distract or undermine the other. For Pollock’s critics in the black sports press, however, they saw malice in Pollock’s business model. Black players as “clowns” were a threat to their ultimate goal, the integration of white, organized baseball. The Clowns, who spent much of their first two decades of existence as an independent outfit, were granted entrance into the Negro American League in 1943 and won the league championship in 1950. They were possibly the longest surviving black baseball team, operating as a strictly black team into the 1960s, long after the organized Negro Leagues had dissolved along with the highly respected ballclubs in that industry. However, the Clowns have received little notice from baseball historians and its legacy has rarely been discussed with the seriousness that the ballclub deserves.
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The Philadelphia Stars, 1933-1953
Lehigh University Lehigh Preserve Theses and Dissertations 2002 A faded memory : The hiP ladelphia Stars, 1933-1953 Courtney Michelle Smith Lehigh University Follow this and additional works at: http://preserve.lehigh.edu/etd Recommended Citation Smith, Courtney Michelle, "A faded memory : The hiP ladelphia Stars, 1933-1953" (2002). Theses and Dissertations. Paper 743. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Lehigh Preserve. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Lehigh Preserve. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Smith, Courtney .. Michelle A Faded Memory: The Philadelphia . Stars, 1933-1953 June 2002 A Faded Memory: The Philadelphia Stars, 1933-1953 by Courtney Michelle Smith A Thesis Presentedto the Graduate and Research Committee ofLehigh University in Candidacy for the Degree of Master ofArts m the History Department Lehigh University May 2002 Table of Contents Chapter-----' Abstract, '.. 1 Introduction 3 1. Hilldale and the Early Years, 1933-1934 7 2. Decline, 1935-1941 28 3. War, 1942-1945 46 4. Twilight Time, 1946-1953 63 Conclusion 77 Bibliography ........................................... .. 82 Vita ' 84 iii Abstract In 1933, "Ed Bolden and Ed Gottlieb organized the Philadelphia Stars, a black professional baseball team that operated as part ofthe Negro National League from 1934 until 1948. For their first two seasons, the Stars amassed a loyal following through .J. regular advertisements in the Philadelphia Tribune and represented one of the Northeast's best black professional teams. Beginning in 1935, however, the Stars endured a series of losing seasons and reflected the struggles ofblack teams to compete in a depressed economic atmosphere.
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Metropolitan Junior Baseball League, Inc. Official Rules
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A Prep Course for the Month-Long World
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