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The Chicago American Giants

Comprehension Genre Text Features Skills and Strategy Expository • Sequence of Events • Captions nonfi ction • Generalize • Map • Ask Questions • Time Line • Glossary

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1. Using a graphic organizer like the one below, place the Thefollowing Chicago sequence of events in the correct order: Rube Foster and others form the Negro National League;American Professional African American Giants teams begin forming; Jackie Robinson plays his first game as a Brooklyn Dodger; The Baseball Hall of Fame is established; The Eastern Colored League is formed.

2. Pretend that you byare Ellenon a field B. Cutler trip to the Baseball Hall of Fame. What questions about the Negro leagues would you have for the people who run the museum? 3. Three of this book’s vocabulary words are compound words, or words made up of two smaller words. Which ones are they? Use them in sentences. 4. How did the time line on pages 18 and 19 help you to understand both the history of baseball and the history of African Americans playing the sport?

Editorial Offices: Glenview, Illinois • Parsippany, New Jersey • New York, New York Sales Offices: Needham, Massachusetts • Duluth, Georgia • Glenview, Illinois Coppell, Texas • Ontario, California • Mesa, Arizona

113511_CVR.indd3511_CVR.indd C-DC-D 113511_001-020.indd3511_001-020.indd SSec1:1ec1:1 111/15/051/15/05 3:42:373:43:003:423:3070 PMPM Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.

Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education.

Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), “Batter up!” Background (Bkgd) A player from the Chicago American Giants Opener: Getty Images; 1 National Baseball Hall of Fame; 3 Corbis; 4 Corbis; 5 Corbis; stepped to the plate. He was ready to take a pitch. 6 National Baseball Hall of Fame; 7 National Baseball Hall of Fame; 8 National Baseball Hall of Fame; 9 National Baseball Hall of Fame; 10 National Baseball Hall of Fame; His hands were wrapped around the narrow neck of 11 (L) National Baseball Hall of Fame, (R) National Baseball Hall of Fame; 13 (Bkgd) National Baseball Hall of Fame, (C) Corbis; 14 Getty Images; 15 Corbis; 16 Corbis; 17 the bat. His feet were planted apart and firm on the Associated Press, Getty Images; 18 National Baseball Hall of Fame ground. He fixed his eyes on the pitcher. Behind him, ISBN: 0-328-13511-9 the catcher gave the sign for a fastball.

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. The crowd settled into the rickety stands made

All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is from old boards. A few voices could be heard over protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher the creaking of seats. They were mocking the visitors prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or and yelling words of praise to their hometown team. likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025.

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113511_001-020.indd3511_001-020.indd SSec1:2ec1:2 111/15/051/15/05 3:43:113:43:11 PMPM 113511_001-020.indd3511_001-020.indd SSec1:3ec1:3 111/15/051/15/05 3:43:123:43:12 PMPM “Strike ‘em out!” they called to the pitcher. “That The pitcher began his windup. His arms came in. batter can’t hit the broad side of a barn!” His knee rose up. The ball whipped toward home The Giants talked quietly among themselves. They plate in a straight line. paid no attention to the words coming from the WHACK! stands. They weren’t worried. The man they called The batter drove the fastball high into the sky. It “Home Run” was at bat. fell to the ground beyond the bases. It rolled into the deep grass at the edge of the outfield.

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113511_001-020.indd3511_001-020.indd SSec1:4ec1:4 111/15/051/15/05 3:43:353:43:35 PMPM 113511_001-020.indd3511_001-020.indd SSec1:5ec1:5 111/15/051/15/05 3:43:443:43:44 PMPM Before 1947 barnstorming was a way of life for most African American players. Barnstorming is traveling from one small town to another. It could be a hard life. Good barnstorming teams attracted large crowds however. Teams such as the Indianapolis ABCs, New York’s Lincoln Giants, and the Hildale Daisies from Darby, Pennsylvania, were well-known barnstormers. Their opponents included college teams, amateurs, and other barnstormers.

Rube Foster and the Chicago American Giants

The first season for the Chicago American Giants started in 1911. The Giants’ manager was Andrew “Rube” Foster. He had played baseball for more than twenty years. He was a pitcher famous for his screwball. It was a tricky pitch that was hard for batters to hit. At seventeen Foster had joined a Texas team called the Waco Yellow Jackets.

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113511_001-020.indd3511_001-020.indd SSec1:6ec1:6 111/15/051/15/05 3:44:013:44:01 PMPM 113511_001-020.indd3511_001-020.indd SSec1:7ec1:7 111/15/051/15/05 3:44:073:44:07 PMPM Rube Foster knew a lot about the game. He had a good head for business. Most of all, he had confidence in the future of African American baseball. Foster and a group of team owners and managers created the Negro National League (NNL) in 1920. The owners and managers decided that Rube Foster would be the league’s first president. This father of Negro baseball was named to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1981.

The Chicago American Giants became one of the best teams in the NNL. They barnstormed America in a private railroad car. They were stars in the African American community. African American newspapers were filled with stories about them. Their home field was a five-thousand-seat park on Chicago’s south side.

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113511_001-020.indd3511_001-020.indd SSec1:8ec1:8 111/15/051/15/05 3:44:163:44:16 PMPM 113511_001-020.indd3511_001-020.indd SSec1:9ec1:9 111/15/051/15/05 3:44:193:44:19 PMPM Foster had put Willie Foster was Rube Foster’s half-brother. He together a great team for was also a star pitcher for the Chicago American the 1911 season. It was Giants for more than a decade. Foster helped the Giants hard to spot a weakness win the Colored World Series in 1926 and 1927. He at any of the positions. A is considered by many to have been the best left- few of the team members handed pitcher to ever play in the Negro leagues. were among the best After retiring, Willie Foster became a coach at players in baseball. Alcorn State College. He was elected to the Baseball Grant “Home Run” Hall of Fame in 1996. Johnson had played under Foster before. He played in the infield when Foster managed the Philadelphia Giants. He worked at both shortstop and second base. Home Run was a hitter who could blast the ball over the fence. This is Willie Foster how he got his nickname. He was well liked by the other players. He had been a baseball star for nearly thirty years when he finally retired.

Home Run Johnson

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One of the greatest players to ever take the field for the Chicago American Giants was John Henry “Pop” Lloyd. In his later years, Lloyd became a team manager. He was able to give young players a feeling of confidence. Pop Lloyd started out as a catcher. Later he played shortstop and then first base. Lloyd was tall, thin, and fast. He ran so smoothly that people were tricked. They thought he was was not running very fast, but he was! Pop Lloyd played baseball for at least twelve different teams. He was asked why he changed teams so often. He said, “Where the money was, that’s where I played.” Lloyd was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1977. Some people have called him the greatest baseball player of all time.

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113511_001-020.indd3511_001-020.indd SSec1:12ec1:12 111/15/051/15/05 3:44:423:44:42 PMPM 113511_001-020.indd3511_001-020.indd SSec1:13ec1:13 111/15/051/15/05 3:44:423:44:42 PMPM Other African American baseball leagues were Year after year, the Chicago American Giants were founded throughout the 1920s and 1930s. The one of the best teams of the Negro leagues. They leading teams from different African American won titles in 1920, 1921, and 1922. In 1926 and 1927 leagues met for World Series championships. During they won the Colored World Series. the 1930s there were East-West All-Star Games as After the end of the NNL in 1931, the Chicago well. In the winter months many of the players American Giants played for the Negro Southern traveled south to play baseball. They went to Mexico, League. Then they played for the Negro American Cuba, and the Dominican Republic. League. Over the years the Giants changed their name. They remained one of the greatest teams in the Negro leagues. In 1952 the American Giants, as they were called at that time, played their last game.

Center fielder Art Pennington, left fielder Herman Andrews, and third baseman Alex Radcliffe of the Chicago American Giants.

Cuba

Mexico Dominican Republic

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113511_001-020.indd3511_001-020.indd SSec1:14ec1:14 111/15/051/15/05 3:44:593:44:59 PMPM 113511_001-020.indd3511_001-020.indd SSec1:15ec1:15 111/15/051/15/05 3:45:013:45:01 PMPM The game of baseball provides a unique look into American culture. The integration of baseball was a symbol for the changes in American society. From 1887 until 1947, African Americans and whites played baseball on separate teams and in separate leagues. Then Jackie Robinson was brought in from the Kansas City Monarchs of the Negro American League to play for the Brooklyn Dodgers. Other major league teams were later integrated. The Negro National League that Rube Foster helped found in 1920 closed its doors in 1931. The Negro American League, begun in 1937, played its final games in 1960.

Cool Papa Bell (left) and Josh Gibson (right), were among the first Negro league players inducted to the Baseball Hall of Fame.

Nine former players from the Negro leagues and early African American teams were elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame during the 1970s. This was done in order to recognize these great men in baseball. Since then, many other African Americans The Brooklyn Dodgers’ signing of Jackie Robinson (shown with have been elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame. Bob Morgan) began the integration of major league baseball. 16 17

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1820s and 1830s: A game 1845: The Knickerbocker 1862: The Union Grounds, 1869: The first professional similar to baseball develops Club of New York publishes the first fully enclosed team, the Cincinnati Red in America, gaining the first set of rules for the baseball park, is built in Stockings, is formed. widespread popularity. game of baseball. Brooklyn, New York. 1820 1870

1871: The first professional 1880s: Professional African 1885: New York’s Cuban 1887: The International league, the National American teams begin Giants become the first League bans teams with Association of Professional forming. African American baseball white players from signing Baseball Players, is formed. players to receive salaries. contracts with African American players. 1870 1900

1907: Pitcher Andrew 1911: Rube Foster forms 1920: Rube Foster and 1923: The Eastern Colored “Rube” Foster begins a the Chicago American others form the Negro League (ECL) is founded. career as a player/manager Giants with partner John National League (NNL). with the Leland Giants. Schorling. 1900 1924

1924: The NNL and ECL play 1936: The Baseball Hall of 1947: Jackie Robinson plays 1960: The Negro American their first World Series. Fame is established. his first game as a Brooklyn League, the last of the Dodger on April 15. Negro leagues, ends.

1924 1960

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confidence n. firm belief unique adj. having no like 1. Using a graphic organizer like the one below, place in yourself. or equal; being the only the following sequence of events in the correct order: one of its kind. fastball n. pitch thrown at Rube Foster and others form the Negro National a high speed. weakness n. a weak League; Professional African American teams begin point; slight fault. forming; Jackie Robinson plays his first game as mocking v. laughing at; a Brooklyn Dodger; The Baseball Hall of Fame is making fun of. windup n. a swinging established; The Eastern Colored League is formed. movement of the arms outfield n. the part of a while twisting the body baseball field beyond the just before pitching the diamond or infield. ball.

2. Pretend that you are on a field trip to the Baseball Hall of Fame. What questions about the Negro leagues would you have for the people who run the museum? 3. Three of this book’s vocabulary words are compound words, or words made up of two smaller words. Which ones are they? Use them in sentences. 4. How did the time line on pages 18 and 19 help you to understand both the history of baseball and the history of African Americans playing the sport?

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