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11- Management of Solid Wastes istrative systems, and lack of integra- Introduction tion and coordination between different stakeholders. Sound Solid wastes management needs to be dealt with in an integrated manner as 3. Unavailability of sanitary landfills for one multi-faceted, multi-component and the disposal of these wastes. closely-linked system. 4. Low level of environmental awareness Solid wastes management systems estab- and bad practices in municipal solid lished in Egypt did not meet the needs of wastes handling. society strata in achieving an acceptable level of cleanness, mitigating health risks 5. Extreme shortage in enforcement and and adverse environmental impacts or pro- implementation of laws and legisla- viding the general civilized appearance. tions. This deficiency led to solid wastes accumu- lation in residential blocs, empty lots, and Table (11-1) shows daily wastes quantities on the borders of residential blocs (closed generated in different Egyptian gover- canals and drains). norates according to latest data available. This deficiency in providing the required services is due to: 1. Lack of human skills and experiences. 2. Deficiency of institutional and admin- 137 Solid Waste Management Table (11-1) illustration of daily gener- The Ministry of environment in coopera- ated wastes quantity tion with the governorates has identified Daily gen- and selected 53 sanitary landfill sites, with Gover- Compiling eration only 4 operational in Cairo, Alexandria, norate efficiency (ton/day) Suez and Port Said. Cairo 10000 68% The Ministry of State for Environmental Giza 3800 45% Affairs has paid special attention for re- moving accumulations and developing Qaliubya 3600 55% sanitary landfills. Alexandria 2500 80% To minimize this problem, the ministry has Behera 2200 55% also implemented the following measures El-Wadi El in 2006: 90 65% -Gedid Qena 1200 75% 1 – Removal of Historical Accumulations Red Sea 305 70% Marsa Ma- 520 75% MSEA, in cooperation with the Ministry of trouh Local Development, continued municipal Mnofya 1370 60% solid waste historical accumulation re- Gharbya 2050 65% moval program in Greater Cairo, where 4.5 3 Kafr El- million m of historical accumulations 2200 50% Shiekh were removed in 2006 to controlled landfill sites within Greater Cairo borders. By the Damitta 1300 70% end of 2006, a total of around 15 million Souhag 1000 65% m3 of historical accumulations have been Aswan 670 80% removed. Assuit 850 55% Table (11-2) shows stages of historical ac- Daqahlya 3600 50% cumulation removal in 2006. North Sinai 325 65% South Sinai 450 80% Port Said 800 75% Ismailia 650 70% Luxor 300 80% Suez 500 70% Sharqya 1800 55% Beni Suef 750 55% Mienya 1200 65% Fayoum 600 60% Total 44630 65% 138 Solid Waste Management Table (11-2) Illustration of accumulation removal stages in 2006 Quantity Quantity of of accumulati accumulati ons ons Con- Gover- transferred Site disposed of trolled norate to by leveling landfill controlled and landfills covering (m3) (m3) Mohamed Nageeb drainage, Marg Salah Salem St. and the Middle Island, Hel- wan El- Hefni Abu Gabal, Helwan Cairo Wafaa Atlas St. next to tombs, Helwan 4,000,000 100,000 wal- Faydi St. next to Azhar Institute and Faculty Amal of Engineering, Helwan Maasara, Helwan Magra el-Oyoun Wall, Old Cairo Teret Zenin St, Boulaq el-Dakrour Teret Abdel Al St. (Shorbagy), Boulaq el- Dakrour Teret el-Zomor St, Bulaq el-Dakrour Mashtal St, Boulaq el-Dakrour Kafr Tohormos Residences Rd, Boulaq el- Giza Dakrour Saft el-Laban, in Kerdasa Town & Markaz Kom Bakkar, Haram Salmaneya, Warraq 300,000 100,000 Shabra- Khalayfa, Warraq mant Gas site, Warraq Kaabeesh Rd, Haram Ezbet el-Mofti and the Tunnel, Warraq Abu Bakr el-Seddiq St, West Shubra El- Kheima Rashah Mostorod St, West Shubra El- Kheima Delta Residences behind Bahteem Trans- formers, East Shubra El-Kheima Qaliubeya Behind Zosar Schools, West Shubra el- Khaima Abu Masraf Laz St, West Shubra El-Kheima 200,000 185,000 Toukh city and Markaz, Qaliubya Zaabal Total 4,500,000 385,000 139 Solid Waste Management MSEA also contributed to improving and 2– Upgrading Collection and Transfer upgrading the collection and transfer sys- Operation Efficiency tem in governorates through providing them with equipment, vehicles and trac- MSEA provided technical and financial tors. See table (11-3). support to governorates for equipping and • Moreover, in 2006, MSEA provided transforming public dumpsites into con- governorates with a financial support trolled dumpsites. 5 dumpsites in Cairo, 5 of around LE 2.3 million to contribute in Giza, and 8 in Qaliubya were developed. to the removal of historical accumula- Hence, controlling such dumpsites and pre- tions and equipment purchase; and venting waste self-burning. • In collaboration with the Danish ESP Project, MSEA conducted projects to dispose of municipal solid wastes in Beni Suef (13 projects with LE 11.1m until now) and in Aswan (16 projects with LE 14.2m). Table (11-3) Support for upgrading collection and transfer operations for governorates Compactor Tipper truck Loader 3.5 Sr. Governorate truck 20 Tractor Trailer 20 tons tons tons 1 Cairo - 2 1 - - 2 Giza 7 3 1 5 5 3 Qaliubeya 4 - - 1 1 4 Beni Soueif 2 - - 10 10 5 Fayoum - - - 8 8 6 New Valley - - - 5 5 7 North Sinai - - - 3 3 8 South Sinai 2 - - 1 1 9 Gharbeya 1 - - 2 2 10 Marsa Matrouh 1 - - - - 11 Sharqeya 3 - - 28 6 12 Daqahleya 1 - - 2 2 Total 21 5 2 65 43 140 Solid Waste Management • MSEA provided 185 compactors, in MSEA efforts in agricultural waste man- addition to 70 tractors to serve this agement: system. 3. Addition of agricultural waste recycling 1. In collaboration with the Arab Organi- lines was incepted in 19 recycling zation for Industrialization (AOI), 2 plants nationwide. factories were established to transform rice straw into compost in Qareen and 4. Two plants are being built in Kalabsha Khatara, Sharqeya, with a capacity of with a capacity of 100,000 rice straw 150,000 tons/factory/year. tons/year/plant. 2. A contract was concluded with the 5. In collaboration with the Chinese, two Armed Forces’ National Service pilot units to produce gas from rice Agency to work in Sharqeya to press straw were operated, and 50 initial pri- and transfer rice straw to the two recy- ority households in Abu Hammad, cling plants in Qareen and Khatara, in Sharqeya, and Tomay El-Amdid village Sharqeya. The Armed Forces sup- in Daqahlia, were connected, given that ported the system through the follow- each plant had capacity to serve 300 ing: households. • The Ministry of Defense (MoD) pro- 6. 200 tractors and 300 automatic compac- vided 90 agricultural tractors and 90 tors were provided to support the rice trailers. In addition, the the Armed straw pressing system at governorate Forces Transport Department under- level where rice is grown. took the transfer of the pressed rice straw. 7. A plan for creating 3000 job opportuni- ties in 6 years through mushroom pro- • A permanent camp was established to duction from rice straw project in Delta host people and equipment in el-Tal governorates: el-Kabeer on an 8-feddan plot of land leased from the Armed Forces. • governorates (Daqahleya and Ghar- beya) where the project is required to • The Armed Forces provided 1000 be implemented were identified. Some laborers to work in the system, who 40 sites in these governorates were were highly trained on all straw selected and are currently being estab- pressing and collection specialized lished and developed, with 25% pre- operations, in addition to equipment pared by December 2006. and tractors repair and maintenance. • 10 sites were established in youth cen- • A total of 70 tons of rice straw was ters, Daqahleya, during September – pressed and transferred to AOI facto- December 2006. ries in Sharqeya. • Commercial marketing and production size amounted to 800 kg from Septem- ber – December 2006. 141 Solid Waste Management NGO Roles in Waste Recycling Through MSEA's efforts to support and build NGO capacities in municipal and ag- ricultural SWM in cooperation with NGOs through implementing major projects in this field, 36 projects have been imple- mented, 24 of which are in Minya (16 mu- nicipal and 8 agricultural waste manage- ment), in addition to 12 projects in Ismailia (7 municipal and 5 for agricultural waste management). 142.
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