Archaeological Predetermination Report for Clark County to Install a Fiber Optic Line at NW La Center Road, NW Pacific Highway, NW 21St Avenue, La Center

Home , Lewis River (Washington), Washington Territory

CULTURAL RESOURCES REPORT COVER SHEET

Author: Bill R. Roulette, Emily C. Taber, Michelle R. Lynch, and Aimee Finley

Title of Report: Archaeological Predetermination Survey for the Holley Park Subdivision, Parcels 209055000, 209059000, and 629652242, Clark County, Washington Report No. 2160

Date of Report: March 13, 2019

County(ies): Clark Section: 2 Township: 4N Range: 1E

Quad: 1990 Ridgefield, WA Acres: ~10

PDF of report submitted (REQUIRED) Yes

Historic Property Inventory Forms to be Approved Online? Yes No

Archaeological Site(s)/Isolate(s) Found or Amended? Yes No

TCP(s) found? Yes No

Replace a draft? Yes No

Satisfy a DAHP Archaeological Excavation Permit requirement? Yes # No

Were Human Remains Found? Yes DAHP Case # No

DAHP Archaeological Site #: 45CL1399 (isolate)  Submission of PDFs is required.

 Please be sure that any PDF submitted to DAHP has its cover sheet, figures,

graphics, appendices, attachments, correspondence, etc., compiled into one single PDF file.

 Please check that the PDF displays correctly when opened.

Archaeological Predetermination Survey for the Holley Park Subdivision, Clark County, Washington CLARK COUNTY ARCHAEOLOGICAL PREDETERMINATION SURVEY Applied Archaeological Research Report No. 2160

Parcel Nos.: 209055-000, 209059-000, and 629652-242

Owner: Gerald T. Minihan III and Angela J. Minihan Address: 375 NE Ivy Avenue La Center, WA 98629

Project Contact: AKS Engineering & Forestry, LLC Seth Halling, P.E. 9600 NE 126th Avenue, Ste. 2520 Vancouver, WA 98682

File/Permit Number:

Staff Planner:

Date: March 13, 2019

Location: The project area is comprised of three parcels. The southernmost one, parcel 209059-000, has a curb address of 33105 NE Ivy Avenue, La Center, WA. The two parcels north of it do not have street addresses. The project area is located immediately south of Holley Park and approximately 2 miles northeast of the Interstate 5 (I-5)/NW Lacenter Road interchange (Figure 1).

Quadrangle: 1990 Ridgefield, WA, 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle

Township/Range/Section/Quarter Section: NW¼ of Section 2, Township 4 North, Range 1 East, Willamette Meridian

Number of Acres: 14.37 Disturbance Area Acreage: ~10

Description of proposed activity: The applicant proposes to develop 10 acres of the 14.37-acre tract into the Holley Park subdivision. Development would include 39 residential lots, a stormwater management facility, a multi-use trail, and frontage improvements to East 2nd Street. Steeply-sloped areas along the northern and southern ends of the project area would not be developed.

Reason Archaeological Predetermination is needed: To comply with State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA) and Title 40.570.080 (c)(3)(k) of Clark County Code.

Date of Field Inspection: January 28, 2019 and February 6, 2019

Describe the proposed project’s locational characteristics including topography, hydrology, wetlands, and any prominent features located on or near the proposed project: The development property that includes the project area is located a short distance south of the city of La Center in the interior of Clark County. It is on a terrace near the edge of a ridge above the valley of the East Fork Lewis River. It is mostly square with an irregular northern boundary. It measures maximally about 850 ft north-to-south and 810 ft east-to-west. It is bounded by NE Ivy Avenue to the west and unmarked property lines in all other directions (Figure 2).

The development property is divided into Tracts A, B, and C. Tract C is the developable part of the property and was the project area for the current study. It encompasses about 10 acres. It is gently rolling

Applied Archaeological Research, Inc., Report No. 2160 1 Archaeological Predetermination Survey for the Holley Park Subdivision, Clark County, Washington with a generally southwestern aspect (Figure 3). It is at an elevation of approximately 115 to 130 ft above mean sea level (amsl). Nine extant buildings are located in its northwest quarter, none of which will be retained. An orchard is located in their vicinity. Most of the remainder of the project area is open pasture. It is timbered along its boundary with Tract B to the south (Figure 4), and with Tract A to the north.

Regionally, the project area is located at the fringe of the western front of the Southern Washington Cascades in Clark County where it interfaces with the eastern edge of the upland aspect of the Portland Basin. As a physiographic province, the Southern Washington Cascades extend north-to-south between Snoqualmie Pass and the Columbia River. It is characterized by weathered and deeply-dissected mountains set on a generally western-sloping terrace. It includes river floodplains, rugged mountainous areas, and low terraces. It is largely underlain by basalt dating to the Miocene Epoch that originated in central and eastern Washington and Oregon and streamed westward down the Columbia River valley to the sea (Allen et al. 1986; Franklin and Dyrness 1973).

The upland aspect of the Portland Basin describes the expansive geomorphic surface that is situated between the Washington Southern Cascades and the Columbia River bottomlands. The Portland Basin is one of several topographic and structural basins that as a group comprises the Puget-Willamette trough, a north-to-south oriented structural basin located between the Pacific Coast Range to the west and the parallel Cascade Range to the east. The trough extends southward from the Canadian border to Oregon where it merges with the Willamette Valley, its physiographic and geologic continuation (Franklin and Dyrness 1973). It was formed by Pliocene compression and folding of Miocene flood basalts (collectively known as the Columbia River Basalt group), which form the basement rock throughout the region. The Portland Basin part of the Puget-Willamette trough begins where the Columbia River debouches from its gorge through the Cascade Mountains in the neighborhood of Washougal.

The geomorphic surface is heavily weathered and eroded and has the appearance of a rolling plain (Trimble 1963:29-36). Its current surface was shaped by the catastrophic Missoula or Bretz floods, which refers to an unknown number of flood events that occurred between about 17,000 and 12,700 years ago (Clague et al. 2003; Waitt 1984). The floodwaters originated in Glacial Lake Missoula, a vast body of water over four times the size of modern-day Lake Erie, formed when the Purcell Trench lobe of the Cordilleran ice sheet blocked the Clark Fork River in Montana. When the waters of Lake Missoula breached the ice dam, the resulting floods rushed across the landscape scouring the surface and eroding and plucking away the bedrock. These floods created the scablands of eastern Washington and changed the profile of the Columbia River Gorge. Exiting the gorge, a 700-foot-tall wall of water spilled across the Portland-Vancouver area, scouring land surfaces. Blocked by a narrowing of the Columbia River valley, the floodwaters slackened and backed up into the Portland Basin and poured into the Willamette and Tualatin valleys (Trimble 1963:36-41). Massive quantities of sediment and rock dropped from the flood waters and finer particles dropped from the impounded waters (Allen et al. 1986:20, 171; Minervini et al. 2003). In and near the project area, surficial geology is dominated by a fine-grain facies of the flood deposits composed of unconsolidated clay, silt, and fine to medium sand that are interpreted as having been laid down during the slack-water phase of the flood events (Allen et al. 1986; Alt 2001; Benito and O'Connor 2003; Bourdeau 2004; Evarts 2006; Evarts et al. 2009; Lentz 1981; O'Connor and Baker 1992; Peterson et al. 2011).

The soils mapped in the project area are a mixture of Gee silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, and Odne silt loam, 0 to 5 percent slopes (McGee 1972, sheet 16). Both are described by McGee (1972:13) as having formed in old alluvium deposited by the Columbia River, reference to Missoula flood deposits. Based on moist samples, the typic pedon for Gee soils includes an A horizon about 9 inches thick of very dark grayish brown silt loam atop a 5-inch-thick layer of dark grayish brown silt loam. Below that layer is one that is about 8 inches thick of lightly-mottled dark grayish brown and dark brown silt loam. The B horizon is between 24 and 55 inches below surface and consists of dark brown silty clay loam with some mottles.

Applied Archaeological Research, Inc., Report No. 2160 2 Archaeological Predetermination Survey for the Holley Park Subdivision, Clark County, Washington The typic pedon for Odne silt loam, 0 to 5 percent slopes, includes a 10-inch-thick layer of mottled, dark gray heavy silt loam that becomes silty clay loam with increased depth. Below that layer is one about 9 inches thick of mottled gray silt loam. With increased depth the soil becomes dark clay silt loam. Between 33 and 50 inches below surface, the soil becomes mottled dark gray loam (McGee 1972:29).

Describe current use of the proposed project area: The project area is developed in its northwest part with a house, several outbuildings, and a small orchard. Debris related to the demolition of a barn that formerly stood on the property is located in the vicinity of the other structures. The barn was built around 1920. The house was built ca. 1901 and substantially remodeled ca. 1950 (Clark County 2018). The construction dates of the other structures are unknown, but none is over 45 years in age based on aerial photography of the parcel (Clark County 2018). The remainder is open pasture that is timbered along its northern and southern boundaries.

Describe Vegetation: On a regional scale, under the modern climatic regime the project area would have been within the Tsuga heterophylla zone, an extensive forested zone widespread throughout western Washington and Oregon in wet maritime climates between sea level and about 2,300 ft amsl (Franklin and Dyrness 1973). Throughout the zone, Douglas-fir, western hemlock, and western redcedar with sparse hardwoods dominate typical overstory vegetation in forested areas. This plant community developed in the mid-Holocene and would have persisted until large-scale land clearing related to Euroamerican settlement of the region began.

At the local scale and based on the soils mapped in it, the project area would have been covered with a forest composed of mixed stands of Douglas-fir, western red cedar, grand fir, Oregon white oak, and red alder, with an understory of vine maple, salal, Oregon grape, and ferns, with some water-tolerant vegetation in both the overstory and understory. The areas in which Gee series soils are found are some of the most intensely-farmed lands in the country (McGee 1972:13, 29). At the time of survey, the project area contained pasture grasses and various weeds and forbs. Timbered areas contained fir, oak, and cottonwood trees with an understory of ferns, blackberries, and various grasses, weeds, and forbs.

Records Review: Records on file at the Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP) indicate that the project area has not previously been surveyed for archaeological resources and has no archaeological resources identified within it. The DAHP statewide archaeological predictive model shows the project area as having a very high risk for prehistoric archaeological materials.

Records on file at the DAHP show that 15 cultural resource projects have been completed within a half- mile of the project area (Table 1). Five archeological resources have been recorded as a result of the work. None of them have been investigated beyond their initial recording (Fortin and Smits 2016; Mills 2002; Sarjeant 2018a, 2018b; Solimano et al. 2015). Sites 45CL1347 and 45CL1373 were found during surveys done in 2018 related to a proposed, new La Center middle school. At the time of the DAHP research described here, project reports were not available at the DAHP and all that is known regarding then come from their documentation forms (Sarjeant 2018a, 2018b).

Site 45CL1373 is the closest recorded site to the project area and it is located a little less than 0.4 mile to the east. It is a low-density precontact lithic scatter mixed with modern refuse. The scatter includes eight prehistoric artifacts all of cryptocrystalline silicate (CCS) materials: five pieces of lithic debitage, a scraper, a core, and a tested cobble (Sarjeant 2018a).

Isolated find 45CL1347 is located about 0.2 mile nearly directly south of site 45CL1373. It consists of a single CCS flake (Sarjeant 2018b).

Applied Archaeological Research, Inc., Report No. 2160 3 Archaeological Predetermination Survey for the Holley Park Subdivision, Clark County, Washington Table 1. List of Reports on File at the DAHP Related to Previous Archaeological Studies Conducted within 0.5 Mile of the Project Area Acres Surveyed Author(s)/Year Project Type Remarks Cooper 2001 Predetermination 1.5 No archaeological resources identified Mills 2002 Predetermination ~2.8 Site 45CL532 identified and recorded Wilson 2005 Predetermination 3.87 No archaeological resources identified Freed 2007 Formal Survey <1 No archaeological resources identified Hudson 2007 Predetermination 20 No archaeological resources identified Lloyd-Jones et al. 2008 Formal Survey 1 No archaeological resources identified Smith and Gall 2011 Formal Survey ~3.75 No archaeological resources identified Freed 2015 Predetermination 16.6 No archaeological resources identified Holschuh 2015 Formal Survey 2 No archaeological resources identified Mastrangelo and Holschuh 2015 Formal Survey 3 No archaeological resources identified Solimano et al. 2015 Formal Survey 138 Site 45CL1122 identified and recorded Fortin and Smits 2016 Formal Survey ~2 Site 45CL1238 identified and recorded Fortin and Smits 2018 Monitoring 2 Site 45CL1238 monitored Sarjeant 2018a Survey Information not Site 45CL1373 recorded available Sarjeant 2018b Survey Information not Isolate 45CL1347 recorded available

As recorded site 45CL532 consists of a scatter of historic-period ceramic and glass shards along with cement pieces, butchered bone, and metal and brick fragments. The materials appear to be related to a dumping event following two fires in the town of La Center that took place in the early 1930s (Mills 2002).

Site 45CL1238 is 0.5 mile to the southwest. It is a multi-component site composed of lithic debitage, fire-cracked rock (FCR), a machine-cut nail, a sawn animal bone, and a corroded brass .22-calibre cartridge. The lithic debitage is mostly of CCS with some flakes of fine-grained volcanic material. The upper 25-55 cm of the deposits were seen to be disturbed, but augering produced artifacts up to a depth of 150 cm below surface (cmbs) and indicated the potential for intact deeply-buried deposits (Fortin and Smits 2016). Ground disturbing activities at the site were monitored but no artifacts were observed (Fortin and Smits 2018).

Site 45CL1122 was recorded based on the recovery of four pieces of FCR from one shovel test pit (STP). Although no cultural artifacts were found in the STP or in others excavated nearby, the rocks are presumed to have resulted from cultural activity (Solimano et al. 2015).

In addition to the recorded archaeological resources, a historic cemetery located 0.4 mile to the northeast has been recorded as resource 45CL870, known as the La Center Cemetery. It was established in 1897 but the earliest recorded burial within its grounds dates to 1874 (DAHP Cemetery Report 1999).

Historical and modern maps were examined to determine if unrecorded historical structures or features were located in vicinity of the project area. No developments or improvements are depicted in the project area on a General Land Office (GLO) plat for T4N, R1E, WM (GLO 1854). The project area appears as unclaimed land on an 1863 GLO map that depicts land taken out of federal ownership by donation land and other types of land claims (GLO 1863).

No developments or improvements are depicted in the project area on Downing’s 1883 map of the “Country in the Vicinity of Vancouver Barracks…” (Downing 1883). According to Habersham’s 1888 map of Clarke (sic) County, in that year the project area remained unclaimed (Habersham 1888). A Clark County real estate atlas indicates that in 1937 the project area was owned by Claude Reed. A later edition of the atlas shows that in 1961 the land was owned by Joyce Holley (Metsker 1937, 1961).

Applied Archaeological Research, Inc., Report No. 2160 4 Archaeological Predetermination Survey for the Holley Park Subdivision, Clark County, Washington A map published by the United States Geologic Survey (USGS) in 1940 shows the project area as undeveloped, but maps published by the USGS in 1954 and 1970 show two structures in its northwest corner (USGS 1940, 1954a, 1954b, 1970). One of them is shown as a solid box, which according to the symbols used by the USGS on its maps in the 1950s, indicates that it was a residence (Rowland 1955). The other is shown as a hollow box. This likely represents a barn that recently has been demolished. A USGS map published in 1990 shows two additional structures on the property (USGS 1990).

Land use in the project area was researched using aerial photographs that date to between 1955 and 2011. The photographs show that the project lands mostly contained a mix of woodlands and cleared fields in the late-historical and modern eras. Besides construction events, land use appears largely unchanged between 1955 and the present day (Clark County Assessor’s Office 2018).

Describe search procedures: The surface of the project area was surveyed on January 28, 2019, using a series of north-to-south oriented pedestrian transects spaced no more than 20 meters (m) apart. Skies were sunny at the time of fieldwork.

Indicate the percent of mineral soils exposed in the survey area: Opportunities to view mineral soil were limited. Soil exposures were provided by rodent burrowing backdirt piles, which were fairly common across the property, and when flattened provided 100 percent visibility. Also, prior to fieldwork, several soil test pits had been excavated throughout the project area and left open. Areas around the pits were devoid of surface vegetation and had 100 percent ground surface visibility (Figure 5). The pits were approximately 2.5 ft wide and 6 ft long. They were partially filled with water. To the extent possible, their side walls were inspected. Elsewhere, ground surface visibility ranged between zero and 50 percent.

Describe and quantify the amount of subsurface probing and/or manual surface exposing activities that were carried out: Fifteen shovel test pits (STPs) were excavated to search for subsurface archaeological materials on January 28, and February 6, 2019. They were placed opportunistically to provide representative coverage of the project area and focused on areas perceived as having the highest probability to contain archaeological resources. The STPs were 40 centimeters (cm) in diameter and excavated to 50 cm below surface (cmbs) when possible, in levels less than 20 cm thick.

Were soils screened? If yes, indicate screen mesh size: 1/4- and 1/8-inch

Describe soils: Soils seen in STPs 6, 11, 14, and 15 generally conformed to the typic pedon for Odne silt loam, 0 to 5 percent slopes. They consisted of a layer of mottled, dark gray silty clay loam becoming silty clay above a layer of grayish-brown silt loam that became increasingly moist with depth. STP 6 began to fill with water at 45 cmbs. Soils in the remaining STPs generally matched the description for Gee silt loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes. They consisted of dark brown to dark grayish-brown silt loam above a layer of grayish brown silt loam.

Results: A prehistoric artifact broken into two pieces that refit was found in STP 1 between 10 and 20 cmbs. The refit pieces are counted as a single artifact. It consists of CCS late stage of core reduction flake (Figure 7). An STP (number 13) excavated within 5 m of STP 1 did not contain artifacts. No artifacts were observed on the ground surface in areas with 100 percent surface visibility associated with soil test pits that were 10 m and 30 m southwest of the positive STP (Figure 5), and no artifacts were found in STPs 2 and 15 that were excavated within 40 m of STP 1. Because the area next to and near STP 1 was thoroughly investigated without additional artifacts being found, the artifact was documented as an isolated find and a documentation form was submitted to the DAHP’s Washington Inventory System for Architectural and Archaeological Records Database (WISAARD). It was designated 45CL1399.

Applied Archaeological Research, Inc., Report No. 2160 5 Archaeological Predetermination Survey for the Holley Park Subdivision, Clark County, Washington Historic Properties

As part of the current project the house (designated 718487) on the property was documented and evaluated under project 2019-02-00997. It has been assessed as not eligible to be listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).

Recommendations: The fieldwork, which included survey and the excavation of 15 STPs within the approximately 10 acres of developable land, provided adequate coverage of the property and likely would have resulted in the identification of any significant archaeological resources had they been present. The excavation around isolated find 45CL1399 established that it is not part of a larger archaeological deposit. The isolate does not represent a potential source of important information. For these reasons, AAR recommends no further archaeological work within the project area.

Although considered unlikely, there is always a possibility that an archaeological resource may be discovered during future development activity on the property. For that reason, the applicant and any contractors that may work on the property need to be aware that under Washington State law, RCW 27.53.060, it is unlawful to knowingly damage, deface, or destroy an archaeological site on public or private land in Washington. Washington State law RCW 27.44.040 makes it a class C felony to knowingly remove, mutilate, deface, injure, or destroy any cairn or grave of any native Indian. Thus, in the event that archaeological materials, Indian cairns, or human remains are encountered during the development of the property, all construction activities must stop in the vicinity of the finds and the Clark County Archaeological Permit Coordinator and the Washington DAHP should immediately be notified and work halted in the vicinity of the finds until they can be inspected and assessed. Procedures outlined under WAC 25-48 will be followed and work will not resume until mitigation measures have been agreed upon.

As for the extant building on the property that is demonstrably 45 years of age or older it is AAR’s opinion that it does not meet the registration requirements for listing on the NRHP, and should not be considered to be an historic property when assessing impacts of the proposed project. All available and pertinent information for it was collected during the predetermination survey. No further work is recommended as it is unlikely to provide additional information of a nature that would change the house’s eligibility status.

Name(s) of archaeologist(s) completing this form: Bill R. Roulette, M.A., RPA, Emily C. Taber, M.S., RPA, Michelle R. Lynch, M.A., RPA, and Aimee Finley, M.S. Address: 4001 NE Halsey, Suite 3, Portland, Oregon 97232 Affiliation: Applied Archaeological Research, Inc.

Applied Archaeological Research, Inc., Report No. 2160 6 Archaeological Predetermination Survey for the Holley Park Subdivision, Clark County, Washington REFERENCES CITED

Allen, J. E., M. Burns, and S. C. Sargent 1986 Cataclysms on the Columbia. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.

Alt, David 2001 Glacial Lake Missoula and Its Humongous Floods. Mountain Press Publishing Company, Missoula, Montana.

Benito, Gerardo, and Jim E. O’Connor 2003 Number and Size of Last-Glacial Missoula Floods in the Columbia River Valley Between the Pasco Basin, Washington, and Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America Bulletin 155(5):624-638.

Bourdeau, Alex 2004 “Geologically Complex” The Flood Plain of the Lower Columbia River, Results of Research in Support of the Wapato Portage (45CL4) Cutbank Stabilization Project, Ridgefield National Wildlife Refuge, Clark County, Washington. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Sherwood, Oregon.

Clague, J.J., R. Barendregt, R.J. Enkin, and F.F. Foit, Jr. 2003 Paleomagnetic and Tephra Evidence for Tens of Missoula Floods in Southern Washington: Geology 31:247-250.

Clark County Assessor’s Office 2018 1955-2012 Land Records: Clark County Aerial Mosaic. Electronic document, https://gis.clark.wa.gov, accessed January 24, 2019.

Cooper, Jason B. 2001 Archaeological Predetermination Report for Clark County to Install a Fiber Optic Line at NW La Center Road, NW Pacific Highway, NW 21st Avenue, La Center. On file, Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia.

Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP) 1999 Cemetery Report for 45CL870. On file, Washington Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia.

Downing, Alfred 1883 A Map of the Country in the Vicinity of Vancouver Barracks, Washington Territory. Embracing Portland, Ogn, Sauvies Island, The Lacamas Country, and the east Fork of the Lewis River, St. Helens &c. Copy on file, Applied Archaeological Research, Inc.

Evarts, Russell C. 2004 Geologic Map of the Ridgefield Quadrangle, Clark and Cowlitz Counties, Washington. Scientific Investigations Map 2844, accessed at http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2004/2844

Evarts, Russell C., Jim E. O’Connor, Ray E. Wells, and Ian P. Maldin 2009 The Portland Basin: A (big) river runs through it. GSA Today 19(9): 4-11.

Franklin J. F., and C. T. Dyrness 1973 Natural Vegetation of Oregon and Washington. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, Oregon.

Applied Archaeological Research, Inc., Report No. 2160 7 Archaeological Predetermination Survey for the Holley Park Subdivision, Clark County, Washington Fortin, Louis W., and Nicholas J. Smits 2016 Cultural Resource Survey for the City of La Center's Water Trail Park Project, La Center. On file, Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia. 2018 Memo regarding City of La Center’s Water Trail Park, La Center, Archaeological Monitoring Results at Site 45CL1238. On file, Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia.

Freed, Robert A. 2007 Archaeological Investigation for the City of La Center Wastewater Treatment Plant Upgrade Project. On file, Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia. 2015 Clark County Archaeological Predetermination Report for the Sunrise Terrace Subdivision in La Center. On file, Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia.

General Land Office (GLO) 1854 Plat of Survey, T4N, R1E, Willamette Meridian. Electronic document, http:// blm.gov/or/landrecords/landrecords.php, accessed February 6, 2019. 1863 Plat of Survey, T4N, R1E, Willamette Meridian. Electronic document, http:// blm.gov/or/landrecords/landrecords.php, accessed February 6, 2019.

Habersham, Robert A. 1888 Map of Clarke [sic] County, Washington Territory. Copy on file, Applied Archaeological Research, Inc., Portland, Oregon.

Holschuh, Dana 2015 Cultural Resources Survey of the Cedar Creek Off-Site Habitat Mitigation Project Area. On file, Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia.

Hudson, Andrew 2007 Archaeological Predetermination Report to Divide a Lot at 2219 NE 339th Street, La Center, Parcel 209062-000. On file, Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia.

Lloyd-Jones, Jeff, Jonathan Held, and Jo Reese 2008 Cultural Resource Survey for the Proposed Intersection Realignment at Highland Avenue and East 4th Street, La Center. On file, Washington Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation.

Lentz, Rodney T. 1981 The Petrology and Stratigraphy of the Portland Hills Silt – A Pacific Northwest Loess. Oregon Geology 43(1):3-10.

Mastrangelo, Liz, and Dana Holschuh 2015 Cultural Resources Survey for the City of La Center Pacific Highway at 4th Street Roundabout Project Area, Federal Aid #STPR-D063(003). On file, Washington Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation.

McGee, D. A. 1972 Soil Survey of Clark County, Washington. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service.

Metsker, Chas F. 1937 Metsker’s Atlas of Clark County Washington. Portland, Oregon. 1961 Metsker’s Atlas of Clark County Washington. Portland, Oregon.

Applied Archaeological Research, Inc., Report No. 2160 8 Archaeological Predetermination Survey for the Holley Park Subdivision, Clark County, Washington Mills, Bonnie J. 2002 Archaeological Predetermination Report: Vancouver Clark Parks and Recreation, Picnic/Play Area/Amphitheater/Paved Pathways Proposal. On file, Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia.

Minervini, J. M., J. E. O’Connor, R. E. Wells 2003 Maps Showing Inundation Depths, Ice-Rafted Erractics and Sedimentary Facies of Late Pleistocene Missoula Floods in the Willamette Valley, Oregon. United States Geological Survey, Open File Report 03-408.

O'Connor, Jim E., and V. R. Baker 1992 Magnitudes and implications of peak discharges from Glacial Lake Missoula. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 104:267-279.

Peterson, Curt D., Rick Minor, Gary L. Peterson, and Edward B. Gates 2011 Pre- and post-Missoula Flood geomorphology of the Pre-Holocene ancestral Columbia River Valley in the Portland forearc basin, Oregon and Washington, USA. Geomorphology 129(3-4): 276-293.

Rowland, John R. 1955 Features Shown on Topographic Maps. United States Department of the Interior Geological Survey Circular 368. Washington, D.C.

Sarjeant, Carmen 2018a Archaeological Site Form for 45CL1373. On file, Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia. 2018b Archaeological Site Form for 45CL1347. On file, Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia.

Smith, Michael, and Alexander Gall 2011 Cultural Resources Survey of the Proposed Moorehaven Slide Repair Project Areas, La Center Clark County, Washington. On file, Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia.

Solimano, Paul, Kanani Paraso, Breanne Taylor, Matt Goodwin, and Donald Shannon 2015 Cultural Resources Survey Report for the Proposed East Fork Lewis River La Center Wetlands Floodplain Restoration Project. On file, Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia.

Trimble, D E. 1963 Geology of Portland, Oregon and Adjacent Areas. Geological Survey Bulletin 1119. U.S. Government Printing House, Washington D.C.

United States Geological Survey (USGS) 1940 La Center, Wash., 15-minute topographic quadrangle. Electronic document, http://historicalmaps.arcgis.com/usgs/, accessed January 24, 2019. 1954a Ridgefield, Wash., 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle. Electronic document, http://historicalmaps.arcgis.com/usgs/, accessed January 24, 2019. 1954b La Center, Wash., 15-minute topographic quadrangle. Electronic document, http://historicalmaps.arcgis.com/usgs/, accessed January 24, 2019. 1970 Ridgefield, Wash., 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle. Photorevised from 1954. Electronic document, http://historicalmaps.arcgis.com/usgs/, accessed January 24, 2019.

Applied Archaeological Research, Inc., Report No. 2160 9 Archaeological Predetermination Survey for the Holley Park Subdivision, Clark County, Washington United States Geological Survey (USGS), continued 1990 Ridgefield, Wash., 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle. Electronic document, http://historicalmaps.arcgis.com/usgs/, accessed January 24, 2019.

Waitt, Richard B. Jr. 1984 Periodic Jokulhlaups from Pleistocene Glacial Lake Missoula – New Evidence From Varved Sediment in Northern Idaho and Washington. Quaternary Research 22:46-58.

Wilson, Meredith A. 2005 Archaeological Predetermination Report for Michael B. and Connie McGraw to Build a Subdivision on 3.87 Acres in LaCenter, Parcel 062647-000. On file, Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia.

Applied Archaeological Research, Inc., Report No. 2160 10 Attachment

Project Area

Woodland, WA 1990 - 1:24,000

Ridgefield, WA 1990 - 1:24,000

Figure 1. Location of the project area. 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 0295901,180 Miles Feet Attachment

Project Area

Isolate 45CL1399 2 Tract A

13 3

15 NE Ivy Avenue NE Ivy

6 14 5 Tract C

12 7

8 9

Tract B N

1 STP (containing cultural material) 0 80 2 STP (lacking cultural material) Feet Pedestrian Transect Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, Soil Test Pit CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community

Figure 2. Configuration0 of0 .the01 project0.02 area 0showing.04 the location0 2 of04 0the8 STPs,0 pedestrian transects, and soil test pits. Miles Feet Attachment

Figure 3. Representative overview of Tract C looking southwest showing typical surface conditions and vegetation at the time of survey.

Figure 4. Overview of the southeastern edge of Tract C where a slope drops off into Tract B. View is southeast.

Attachment

Figure 5. Soil test pit excavated near STP 1 in the northeastern part of the project area. Note excellent surface visibility around the pit. View is northeast.

Figure 6. Isolated find 45CL1399.