WOMEN ARRESTED IN DAWN RAIDS c n

CNJ Vol. 3, No. 44 Registered at the G.P.O. as a news paper NEW WAVE OF PEBjiECUTION IN CO NORTHERN EDITION ITiursday, August 22, 1957 6d SOPHIATOWN . OVER the last two week-ends, a fresh wave of dawn raids ^ for permits has been launched against both men and Treason Suspects Give women in Sophiatown. Truckloads of people were taken to the Newlands police station bebveen 2.30 and 3 a.m. on Sunday morning following a midnight A Concert Saturday swoop. Many women were arrested mth infants. On the previous Thursday and in Sophiatown and needed no p>er- Friday a large number of women nits. Some >women were told: ‘‘Ons as well as some men were arrested wil nie met julle Congresvrouens and charged under section 10 of praat nie!” According to the vic­ the Urban Areas Act. In all cases tims of the arrests an official of the people singled out were those the Resettlement Board accompa­ living in the buffer zone, and accor­ nied the police and pointed out the ding to the residents, arrests were houses to be raided. made of people living on properties that have not been sold to the Re­ PROTEST MEETING settlement Board. The ANC Women's League has Since the end of May this year .ailed a mass protest meeting in when a nuCs demonstiation), ten Sophiatown on Sunday, August 25. thousand strong, went to protest to the Mayor of .Johannesburg, no-per­ mit or pass raids have ever taken place in Sophiatowm. This has fur­ ther strengthened the belief Boycott Ends amongst the people that this week’s raids are a new form of pressure by the Resettlement Board to com­ Against One pel them to go to Meadow'lands. ILL IN BED Several women told New Age Firm that they were pulled out of their houses. Mrs. Pat Dlamani was ill JOHANNESBURG. in bed wih flu but the police told l^ H E Congresses have decided to her to get up and refused to give call off the boycott of the pipe her a chance to dress properly. tobaccos manufactured by Messrs. The women were then hustled John Chapman, Ltd. This action into the ‘Kwela-Kwela’ and taken follows representations by the firm to the Newlands police station. stating that it is not controlled by Since many of them had small the Rembrandt Tobacco Corpora­ babies they were allowed to go tion. home without having to pay bail, In letters to the African National and told to report to the Native I.a$t Sunday the treason suspects staged a concert in Johannesburg, under the auspices of the ‘‘Stand By Congress and the other organisa­ Commissioner’s court the next day. tions which have applied for a Our Leaders” committee. The massed ‘‘Drill Hall Choir” (above) gave a kick-off to the evening's enter­ All the cases will be defended. tainment From the left: M. Moolla, W. Mini, Rev. Calafci. D. Fuyani, Sonia Bunting, Ida Mntwana, boycott of Nationalist-controlled During the raids the police re­ firms and products (the Indian Con­ Frances Baard, E. Moretsele, M. Motihakoana, Asa Dawood and S. Malope. fused to listen to arguments of Below: The Alexandra People’s Quartet singing ‘‘Nyi ki thi” (£1 a day song). See story on page 4. gress, Congress of Trade Unions, those who said they had been born Coloured Peple’s Organisation and Congress of Democrats), Chapman’s TREASON TRIAL state that their firm “is not con­ trolled by any Nationalist persons or shareholders.” It is correct, states the letter, that the Rembrandt concern (which the There Must Re Congresses allege to be Nationalist- controlled) holds a half of their share capital. But it has never in­ terfered with the conduct of the business, which is controlled by a board of directors of which the re­ A Limit” presentative of Anglo-Transvaal In­ dustries, Ltd., is the Chairman, and which includes the general manager, Mr. M. Hammerschlag, who is the Defence Protests At founder of the firm. CONGRESS REPLY Replying to this letter, the Ck>n- Crown Tnctics gresses state that they accept these From assurances. ‘‘In these circum­ stances,” declares a joint letter DRILL HALL, Johannesburg. signed by Chief Lutuli, Dr. Naicker and Messrs. G. Peake, P, Beyleveld J^AST week’s treason trial proceedings were studded with and Leon Levy, on behalf of the angry outbursts by Defence Counsel at “the fantastic various* organisations, “we shall en­ deavour tt> make^'certain that all lengths” to which the Crown is going in the case, and the those who are protesting against “unethical” conduct of the Crown in the leading of the cumulative discriminatory legis­ evidence. lation of this Government do not boycott any of the tobaccos manu­ ‘‘We could be here permanently . . . for the rest of our lives.” factured by you, including the protested Mr. J. Slovo. Evidence of the 1906 Bambata Rebellion brands Mine Captain, Chapman’s might be brought in by the Crown in its search for evidence of Special, Silver Cloud, Greyhound, violence committed in the country! Wayside, Champion and Iris.” The accused before the court, the Crown’s approach to this case Chapman’s are not a party to the said Mr. Slovo, were arrested on we could be here for ever. current legal proceedings against the warrants alleging high treason com­ Congresses taken by the Rembrandt mitted between 1953 and 1956. Evi­ WHEN WILL IT END? company, in which an interdict was dence was now being led of events ‘‘This preparatory examination NURSES FIGHT BACK obtained against the issuing of cir­ in the years 1951 and 1952, and has gone on for an oppressive culars calling for the boycott of even the months of 1957 after the period. We again want an indica­ various brands of cigarettes, includ­ tion from the Crown of the scope ing Rembrandt, Van Rijn, Peter “Is it alleged by the Crown that of this inquiry, where it begins and — Page 4 Stuyvesarit, Rothmans and Lexing­ we are Just continuously commit* where it will end. Will we be sitting ton. Argument in this case will b? High Trwwn? On the hoele of (Com(hUf4 fr(jm 3) heard on 27 in Pretoria EDITORIAL The United Party Misses The Bus ’pH E United Party’s much-boosted pre-election Congress in Bloemfontein has produced a still-born white mouse. “The United Party is the party of reform,” proclaimed the brains and the bank of the Party, Mr. Harry Oppenheimer, a few days before the Congress. Apparently he had in mind a multi­ racial Senate, but he was unable to win any support for that in his “reform” party. Instead, the Bloemfontein Congress has produced a “master- race” plan which hasn’t even the virtue of being practicable. The Senate is to be reconstituted, and will be elected directly by the voters instead of by electoral colleges. Coloureds and Africans (but not Indians) will be allowed to elect Europeans to represent them in the Senate, and those Coloureds who were on the com­ mon roll before 1951 will be restored to the common roll for Assembly election purposes. But .... • There is to be a “White veto” in the Senate—all laws will have to be approved by a majority of the Senators who represent Europeans. • The qualifications for Non-European voters are to be raised. So where is the “reform”? Not even De Villiers Graaff made any claims about “reform” in his various speeches and press conferences at Bloemfontein. On the contrary, he declared that the specific object of the United Party plan was to “entrench ‘DON’T GET THE WRONG IDEA! THIS IS ALSO FOR EUROPEANS ONLY!” White leadership for ever.” Then what is the point of the plan? The Nationalist Party already has the magic formula for entrenching white leadership NEW ACE Meet Nr. And —. Does the United Party think its plan is any advance Mrs. Nna. on that? Does the United Party think it has any hope of out­ bidding the Nats for the support of those voters who demand What the devil shall they call white supremacy before anything else? LETTER BOX him? The mystery of the U.P. plan is perhaps made clearer by Sir, don’t yyou understand? De Villiers Graaff’s statement that “it is felt that these steps For if you call a Black man mister * will do much to retam the friendship of the Cape Coloured He’ll try eloping with your sister, people in their traditional position and, while ensuring White LIFT THE IRON CURTAIN And to shake he’ll offer you his political control, will bring a much-needed stability to our politi­ hand. cal institutions.” What the devil shall they call In other words, he hopes his White supremacy plan will win FROM him support from Non-Europeans as well as Europeans. To remind him of his race? What a hope. Non^Europeans are not interested in White That in workshop, kitchen, plaas supremacy. No section of the Non-European people will have With reference to your article colour bar in sport if we ourselves It’s the White man who’s the baas “Where’s The Iron Curtain Now?” refuse to prostrate ourselves be­ And the Black man better keep anything to do with the half-baked U.P. plan. we have always been at pains to fore it. We must build a Mass his place. The Bloemfontein Congress shows that the United Party is show how false and michievous Youth Movement of all those who hopelessly out of touch with the people, both White and Non- this propaganda i»/ are opposed to apartheid in the Vcrwoerd has got the answer— Where there is a real Iron Cur­ universities, in church, in sport He’ll call the fellow Mna. White. tain, however, is in South Africa. and in our daily work. For tho’ it hasn’t any meaning How is it possible, one asks, at a time when the country is We have a Departure from the The ANCYL has allocated a It’s got that baasskap feeling racked with strife and dissension, when the masses of the people Union Regulation Act which em­ full day of its two-day Conference And when called he’ll know to are daily demonstrating their hatred of the Government’s policies, powers the “responsible” Mini­ for South African youth to come answer “Ja”. ster to issue passports to his pals and discuss ways and means in B.E.M. and their willingness to take action to oppose them—how is it and penalties to his opponents if which black and white youth can : possible that the Bloemfontein Congress reflects nothing of this? they sneak out behind his back. co-operate to make South Africa ! The United Party has done nothing to harness the idealism The Minister can also stop people a happy place for everybody to coming into the country, and has live in. Only this unity will break and indignation of the South African people, burning against often done so. the sport colour-bar. ; the unjust and tyrannical rule of the Nationalist Government. Robert Resha in his column has Here is no call to arms in the fight for freedom. Here is only referred to the pernicious sport TEMBA MQOTA Opposed To colour-bar. It is true that musical caution, cowardice and confusion. troupes and sporting teams have Drill Hall, Johannesburg. If one thing is quite certain, it is that the U.P. plan will appeal somehow or other been discour­ P.S.—Agenda and other infor­ Stabilisation j neither to White nor Non-White, nor cure any of the crying ills mation on the conference are aged-from coming to perform in of the country. To that one need only add that it is also quite South Africa, and yet a prominent available from our offices: On the 23rd July, a new magi­ South African musician. Dr. E. ANCYL, P.O. Box 9207, Johan­ strate came to Xalanga District in certain the plan will never be put into operation. Chisholm, is at present enjoying, nesburg or 37 West Street, Johan­ the Cape. He was introduced to among other glories, Russian nesburg. the people by the Headman. He ballet and symphonies by the best wanted the people to accept Soviet orchestras at the World stabilisation, but they pointed out Youth Festival. to him that during the period of Spread The Economic The ANC Youth League is a the former magistrate those who member of the World Federation resisted stabilisation were im­ of Democratic Youth which has GREETINGS prisoned, and those who refused sponsored the World Youth Festi­ to plough according to the con­ Boycott val, yet the South African Iron Mna’s a word completely unpro­ tours were convicted, and while Curtain prevents it from attend­ nounceable. many cattle had been dipped, A hybrid word that’s difficult In our boycott of Nationalist- not be justified. For instance, in a ing its own Festival. many people had to sign admis­ controlled products, of which firm where I am working, the en­ The ANCYL is holding its Na­ to say; sion of guilt and to pay fines. It’s masculine and therefore unac­ certain firms are already feeling tire board of directors arc pure tional Conference on the 31st Au­ One man said it was like fresh the prick, here in Port Elizabeth English people, but the treatment gust—1st September, 1957 at countable milk in a new dish with poison To not use Mister in the usual none so far have shown any re­ for the Non-Europeans is deplor­ Queenstown and invites delegates to kill flies. The flies get in the action. able. One of the men supervising from all youth organs, black and way. dish to fill their stomachs, but was a prison warder and another • 1 for one would like to see the white, to attend in order that a when they get there, they die. one whom I am under is a pure Mass Youth Movement can be And then how do you say it in the effectiveness of our attack. I see The people are frightened that no difference between a Nationa­ Nationalist fanatic, a man who started against all barriers to inter­ femine? they will be removed from their after three months does not know racial harmony in sport and cul­ Is ‘mi’ pronounced like I? or list-controlled firm and an Eng­ homes and just be given permits lish-speaking or.United Party firm my name—he calls me “hey” or ture. ‘mi’ like me? to occupy land, but no titles. “Kaffir.” We must free ourselves from Or will it all depend upon the which is openly using methods or Only two people spoke in fav­ practising the Nationalist attitude the racial prejudices that divide whim of them our of the stabilisation, one an Mayibuye!! Asinamali! us at work, in sport and culture. Who wrote it in the Nationalist towards the Non-Europeans. ex teacher, and the other an eX’ SIPHO We can only focus the eyes of the Dictionary? policentan, So 1 would like to know if any NANGU world youth on the South African BAM. A. H. MTWANA attack against such firms would Port lElizabetb. “THERE nST BE A LIMIT”

(Continued from page 1) the University of Pretoria must be gious meeting can be turned into as if they were dogs.” by lay preachers?—^There is nothing responsible for the actions of its something else. • Major Pohl: He would have had to prevent it. here indefinitely while the Crown students wearing university colours. a good picture of the situation, If you were at your own religious scratches about for evidence it had The Magistrate: That is quite a Mr. Berrange: That is what you though he was a layman. gathering and 70 police arrived and no intention of leading at the time different proposition. Here you have suspected! That though permission Mr. Slovo: Major Pohl, I put it fixed bayonets, you would be upset? people who wear ANC colours! had been received for the holding to you that the loss of life that day, —I think I would. we were arrested?” of an ANC religious meeting, you To this the Prosecutor Mr. J. which must indicate the ANC is be­ including the murder of the nun You jumped to the conclusion hind the disturbances. suspected it was a subterfuge! and Mr. Vorster, can be directly this was not a religious meeting?— Liebenberg replied that the Crown Partly. There were no Bibles or proposed leading evidence which it Mr. Coaker continued to protest THE SPARK attributed to the unjust ban on about the evidence of strikes in gatherings, and the intentional pro­ hymn books. regarded as relevant to the inquiry. Major Pohl conceded under “The Crown can go as far back as 1952, and the Crown “getting wit­ vocation of the police in that situ­ Is it possible that a r^gVms nesses to reminisce about every cross-examination that he had read ation.—I say definitely No! Sir. meeting was taking place that day, the days when the Communist a statement by East London’s De­ Party was in existence—to show event in their career.” Mr. Slovo: You were looking for held by the ANC, the people sing­ He urged that the Court appeal puty Mayor that the ban on all trou'ble! ing hymns and quoting the psalmg? which of the accused were members meetings under the Riotous Assem­ of that party. The Crown is at to the Crown to maintain the scope Major Pohl: No, I was the last —I can’t agree to that. blies Act was “the spark that set the man in the world . . . Why not?—Having been present liberty to show the direct participa­ gunpowder off.” tion of the accused in organisa­ and seen the hostility of the crowd BIBLE QUOTED to the police there was no doubt tions even after their arrest.” He agreed that ANC appeals de­ The Magistrate then ruled that as Dt. Sgt. Bowen was then cross- in my mind it was an ANC meeting. ploring acts of violence had been examined by Mr. Berrange on his Questioned aibout the police long as the evidence was relevant broadcast in the press. it could be led no matter how long evidence of the East London riots. baton charge and firing, Dt. Sgt. the inquiry was prolonged. His order to his men during the What do you understand by a re­ Bowen said when the baton oriarge Duncan Village meeting incident ligious meeting?—;Where nothing was ordered the people had started IN SOME WAY was “to shoot to kill those who but religion is discussed or to disperse. The stone-throwing, he The Prosecutor: I will show that were trying to kill us. I ordered preached. said, started during the baton charge the individuals were connected with firing directly at those stoning us.” Mr. Berrange then read three ex­ and not before it. tracts of statements made at the the activities at that time (this dur­ THE ANC FLAG ing evidence about the Defiance No police had been killed. Three East London meeting. Campaign and the riots in 1952). had been injured. Two struck by Was the Bible being quoted on Both Major Pohl and Detective Mr. Slovo: That the accused were stones had been treated at hospital November 9?—Not that I know. Sgt. Bowen stated that one of the connected with the riots in East and one with a bullet wound in the Is the extract ‘God must help us most important reasons for the con­ London, the murder of the nun, the head had been detained one night. to retain what we have won’ not in clusion that the meeting was poli­ the Bible?—I’m not sure. A similar tical, not religious, was because the murder of Mr. Vorster? Cross-examined by Mr. Slovo The Prosecutor: The Crown will statement could perhaps be found ANC flag was flying at the square. Major Pohl said he recalled the de­ in the Bible. Cross-examined by Mr. Berrange show that the accused were in some mand from the African National way connected with these events . . You heard people complain ‘Our Dt. Sgt. Bowen stated that he could Congress at the time for a judicial necks are under persecution and we not contradict the evidence of a Mr. Slovo: To date the Crown inquiry into the riots. has laid no basis whatever to show This is a drawing by Mr. I. O. have no rest?’—Yes. Crown witness in the East London that the accused were in “some way Horvitch of Mrs. Florence Ma- SWART’S STATEMENT If you had heard this said and riot case that the ANC flag always oi other” connected with these’ tomela, who came to court you saw an ANC flag would you flew at this square even when meet­ dressed in full Xhosa regalia on Mr. Slovo then quoted a state­ call it a religious meeting?—No. ings were not taking place. events. It is obvious that the evi­ ment made by the Minister of Jus­ dence now led is an afterthought. August 9, the day of the women’s In spite of the fact that the quo­ Cross-examined by Mr. Slovo Maj. anti-pass protests. tice Mr. Swart in which he had said tation is one from Chapter 5, La­ Pohl conceded that the police were DID NOT EXIST that the police officer had asked a mentations?—Yes. well aware that this religious meet­ of the proceedings within reason­ speaker at the meeting what kind You don’t know what was said ing had been organised by the ANC At another stage of the proceed-- of gathering this was, and ‘he had ings it was protestetd that some of able limits. “The 156 have been in at the meeting other than that?— and that permission for the holding the hands of the Crown for nine been told that it was not a reli­ No. of this gathering had been -ought the organisations, for example, gious but a political meeting. SACTU and SACPO, were not even months.” Will you concede there is no rea­ by, and granted to, Mr. Gwentshe in existence at the time of the De­ The Magistrate then commented son why the ANC should not itself in his capacity as secretary of the Major Pohl: I know nothing East London branch of the ANC. fiance Campaign and the 1952 riots. that the Crown should keep the evi­ about that. sponsor a religious meeting held The Prosecutor: I do not agree dence “within the compass of the f that some of these organisations inquiry.” If you don’t know it is unlikely were not in existence at the time. that anyone else would?—Yes. Evidence will be produced to show that the accused took part in the Is there any foundation for the' activities of the organisations at the The 1952 Riots Minister’s statement?—I know no­ time. thing about that. The Prosecutor also said that “in rp H E greater part of the week Major Pohl said he could not due course the Crown will show— was taken up with the evi^*nce deny that a day before the riots in at the close of the Crown case— of the riots which broke out in East East London the CID Chief Major that the Defiance Campaign with London, Port Elizabeth and Kim- all the violence it contained” was iberley towards the end of 1952. lllllllllllllllllllllllllillllilillllllllillilllllllllllllillllllll'' part and parcel of ANC policy. There was a suppressed shout of The Magistrate said it was argued indignation when two detectives ad­ by the defence that that did not mitted that the police firing on an Policy Of necessarily connect it wih all the East London meeting took place accused. BEFORE any stoning of the police. Non-Violence The Prosecutor: That can be ar­ Up to that stage the evidence was gued. The Crown’s point is that the that the police opened fire and used During evidence on the De­ organisations were associated with their bayonets only to protect their fiance Campaign and the 1952 the African National Congress and lives from stoning. riots Mr. Berrange read an extract its aims in the Defiance Campaign. There was also a loud murmur of evidence by D. Sgt. Boy given Adv. Coaker: Do I understand in the courtroom when it was dis­ in the case in which Sisulu and *■ • *• A*" A ^ that where the organisations were closed that in the Kimberley riots 19 other leaders were prosecuted not in existence at the time the 12 Africans were killed and over for their leadership of the Cam­ Crown will undertake to connect in­ 40 injured. paign. dividuals with the events? Is that This is the court record extract a contention or an undertaking by RELIGIOUS OR POLITICAL? he read. , ' ■■ '+ the Crown? Major Pohl told the Court that Det. Sgt. Boy cross-examined: The Prosecutor: I am not pre­ on November 9, 1952, he had gone “Of these meetings you have pared to give any undertakings. to the Bantu Square in Duncan attended it is correct to say, is it Evidence has already been pre­ Village, East London, with 40 Euro­ not, that a policy of non-violence sented, and evidence will be pre­ pean and 34 Non-European police. has always been preached?—Yes. PROTEST AT DEMOLITION sented. It is a matter for argument. The Europeans were armed with A policy of co-operation with Mr. Coaker: Then I am not clear rifles and bayonets, and the men all races, including the Europeans what the Crown is driving at! were ordered to fix bayonets as has been preached?—Yes soon as they arrived on the square. You have never heard at any OF A.N.C. HALL ANOTHER PROTEST He warned the crowd to disperse one of these meetings of this . tests against the wrong statements During evidence by a police and after nine minutes had ordered nature any suggestion of the use occasionally appearing in the local of assegais or thrusting people The Elsies River branch of the officer of strikes in the Eastern firing on the crowd when stone­ African National Congress has is­ press from both Goodwood Muni­ Cape during which some people throwing started. Eight Africans into the sea?—I have not cipality and the manager of Nyanga You would be surprised if you sued a statement strongly condemn­ wearing the colours of the African had been killed. He had ordered ing the “ruthless action” of the Township that the Africans are National Congress were seen, Mr. the meeting to disperse because he heard any such statement being happy about the removals from made at any one of these meet­ Goodwood Municipality in demo­ Coaker jumped to his feet to pro­ was convinced it was not a religious lishing the Civic Hall recently. their homes to Nyanga. These test: meeting, but a political meeting of ings because it would be quite claims are a calculated misrepresen­ “Is it contended by the Crown the African National Congress. contrary to the whole policy?— The hall was built by the resi­ tation of facts to blind the people that whenever a person wearing Under cross examination by Adv. Yes. dents themselves to provide a of Cape Town, who may be school for their children, and later ANC colours is in attendance that Berrange Major Pohl admitted that allllllllllllllllllllltllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllilllllll shocked to know that in many cases organisation is to be held respons­ when he arrived at the square he taken over by the ANC for its roofs have been ripped off from ible for their actions. Really, Sir! had made no attempt to ask anyone J. J. Olivier had said: “There is nO meetings and social entertainments above the aged, sick and even ex­ . . . There must be some limit to what was going on at the meeting. evidence of an organised, unified for the Elsies River residents. pectant mothers and newly-bom the fantastic extent the Crown has He had asserted that the meeting movement of Natives to attack any The statement adds: “We repudi­ babies. gone in this case.” was not a religious one. town, farmhouse or village in the ate the action of the man in charge “We therefore appeal to sympa­ The Magistrate: That remark is Berrange: If on arrival there you Union. There is no cause whatso­ of this unpopular operation of flee­ thetic and civilised citizens of Cape exaggerated. I can’t agree it is fan­ had questioned someone and had ever for panic. The police believe ing to seek police protection with Town to rally to the support of the tastic. It is clear from the evidence been told that for the last half hour there is no reason for fear.” allegations that he was rough- affected people with their protests that the African National Congress hymns had been suhg you would The Mayor of Peddle, said Mr. handled by some Africans who stop­ to put an end to this brutal and in­ must have had something to do still have given the order to dis­ Slovo, had said: “Trouble was more ped him from carrying out his human treatment of the defenceless with the strike. perse? likely to be started by Europeans duties. and less privileged section of their Mr. Coaker: Then it will be held Major Pohl: It depends. A reli­ who were used to treating Natives “The local ANC strongly pro­ fellow citizens.”

Collection Number: AG2887 Collection Name: Publications, New Age, 1954-1962

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