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The Principles of Management and Characteristics of Managers from the Perspective of Imam Ali (P.B.U.H)

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The Principles of Management and Characteristics of Managers from the Perspective of Imam Ali (P.B.U.H) Journal of Public Administration Volume 1, Issue 3, 2019, PP 37-48 ISSN 2642-8318 The Principles of Management and Characteristics of Managers from the Perspective of Imam Ali (P.B.U.H) Mohammad reza Afroogh1, Ali reza Khajegir2*, Ali reza Fahim1 1Department of law and theology, Najaf Abad Branch, Islamic Azad university, Najaf Abad, Iran 2Faculty of literature and human sciences, Shahrekord University, Iran *Corresponding Author: Ali reza Khajegir, Faculty of literature and human sciences, Shahrekord University, Iran. Email: ABSTRACT order to make the top choice, there must be criteria for managers and employees to weigh and evaluate those criteria. In the light of the acceptance of the words of the infallibles (P.B.U.H), in this article it is attempted to present the criteria of the leaders of Islamic society in the view of Imam Ali1 (P.B.U.H) extracted from the noble book of Nahjo al-Balaghah2. The obtained criteria are classified into three categories: specialized, value and doctrine criteria. While specialized criteria imply successful job placement, value criteria address the normative dimensions of managers' performance and, ultimately, doctrinal criteria imply specific Islamic criteria for management. This classification is fundamentally different from the usual typology and from this point of view is included in the data for analyzing the Islamic model of management. Imam Ali (P.B.U.H) is the first Imam of Shia among Muslims. This great unique man has been praised by all religions and denominations because of his superiority in knowledge and virtue. The great unique book of Imam Ali (P.B.U.H) Keywords: Management, Evaluation, Employees, Competency, Commitment INTRODUCTION finding the right criteria for assessing individuals is definitely the word of the What is essential to the well-being of society is infallible. The words of Imam Ali (P.B.U.H) are the competence and commitment of its a valuable source for this purpose because its managers and employees. In organizations, the speech is glorious because of its innocence success of an organization in achieving its without error and slip. The great and thoughtful organizational goals and missions depends on man himself also had valuable experiences in competent and competent managers. Therefore, the field of Muslim caliphate as well as in the selection of top employees and managers command of the wars and ruled the vast Islamic deserves a lot of consideration and consideration land of that time. But what is more important is should be given to criteria for evaluating the knowledge of Imam Ali (P.B.U.H) which is individuals and their selection. Certainly the one of the special privileges of the Imams. In criteria of measurement in each society must be this article, it is attempted to present the criteria defined in accordance with the values and of the leaders of Islamic society in the view of outlook of that society. The material worldview Imam Ali (P.B.U.H) extracted from the noble is unique to the material world, but in the book of Nahj al-Balaghah. The obtained criteria Islamic worldview, both this world and the are classified into three categories: specialized, hereafter are of interest. In the Islamic value and school criteria. However, this trivial worldview, the aim is not only to produce more, effort is a drop of the endless ocean of but to achieve the ultimate goal of human knowledge from the prophet Mohammad’s transcendence and attaining the position of the Family (P.B.U.H). caliph of God on earth. This difference in worldview is due to the differences between The importance of describing the attributes and Islamic management and Western management, characteristics of managers from the point of each of which has its own measurement criteria. view of Imam Ali (P.B.U.H) can be explained In Islamic management, the best reference for by the fact that in Imam Ali's thought there is no Journal of Public Administration V1 ● I3 ● 2019 37 The Principles of Management and Characteristics of Managers from the Perspective of Imam Ali (P.B.U.H) danger to the Islamic society, such as the risk of Therefore, in Islam the values and doctrinal disqualifying or disqualified people. Imam criteria become increasingly important. warned in a letter to the Egyptians sent with Malik Ashtar when he ruled over the land: "I PROFESSIONAL CHARACTERISTICS AND fear that the unwise and the unjust will take over CRITERIA the affairs of this nation and take possession of Science and Knowledge God. Turn away, and take away his slaves, and make hostility to the righteous, and make the In Islamic traditions, it has always been party of the wrongdoers their party”. (Nahj al- emphasized that people should be more careful Balagha: Letter 62) in their scientific competence and ability and never employs those who are scientifically weak If people's sensitivity to the attributes and and lack the necessary knowledge, because such conditions required for governors is reduced or work is the greatest betrayal to Islamic society. discolored, then any incompetence and Is. Prophet Ali (P.B.U.H) in Nahj al-Balagha, incompetence can fall into the ranks of sermon 172 states: "O people, the most management and bring about ruins. Imam Ali deserving of this work (the caliphate and ruler) (P.B.U.H) warned: "Surely the people were is the one who is most capable of carrying out destroyed when they considered the leaders of affairs and knowledgeable by the command of the guidance and the leaders of infidelity alike God" (Khosravi, 1999). , Pp. 39-40) and said: Whoever sits in the place of the Prophet (peace be upon him), whether he is Work Experience righteous or evil is obligatory on his obedience. One of the most effective factors for the success So they were destroyed. ”(Delshad Tehrani, of employees and managers in organizations and 1998, pp. 99-100) offices is his experience and experience. The The characteristics and criteria of managers in experienced manager and manager will handle Nahj al-Balagha can be divided into the many of the disruptions of his organization, and following three categories: the inexperienced manager and manager will inevitably disintegrate the organization. Imam Professional Criteria Ali (P.B.U.H) wrote in a letter to Malek Ashtar: This set of criteria is required for a successful "Make experienced people as employees and job. These criteria are usually shared between managers" (Quchani, 1995, p. 82) Islamic management and Western management. Right Thinking Criteria such as education, experience, work experience. Right thinking is an essential criterion for employees and managers. No management can Criteria of Value do without the right thinking, and wherever These include a set of acceptable human disruption and corruption is to be found there behavior behaviors that in most societies may be must be a search for some form of ruthlessness, acceptable and are also known as universal essentially one of the most important causes of values, like respecting the rights of others, the collapse of organizations and governments. openness. In the words of Imam Ali (P.B.U.H): "Four things are the reason for the deterioration of the Critical Criteria state and government, the bad contraption and Critical criteria are rooted in Islamic school and the hypocrisy and the bitterness of the rulers." Islamic management. The position and concept Also Imam Ali (P.B.U.H) has said: "The of man in the two divine and material schools organization of life is thoughtful" (Delshad also shape the criteria and criteria for selecting Tehrani, 1998, pp. 255-256) individuals in office and management so that in Being Patient the school of Taylorism the human being as (clever gorillas) and in the Islamic school as One of the most important attributes of officials (caliphs) ) Looks. In Islamic management, the and managers is patience, one who has the goal is not just production, but human patience to have the spirit of excellence and excellence. The same differences that exist great thought. Patience will lead to the foresight between Islamic management and scientific and pragmatism of officials and managers, and management lead to differences in the criteria if governments lack this character, they will not for selecting and appointing individuals. face many problems and failures. An Islamic 38 Journal of Public Administration V1 ● I3 ● 2019 The Principles of Management and Characteristics of Managers from the Perspective of Imam Ali (P.B.U.H) manager must know that he or she has many ups them, Who have their views and influence but and downs in the workplace, and that he or she have not been the help of the transgressors and has many difficulties in achieving the goals of sinners. These pure men impose less cost on the organization and that if he / she does not you, are more kind to you and are not friendly tolerate his or her longevity due to adverse with strangers; they are friends and associates of pressures and unfortunate consequences of self- secret meetings and open societies. Put yourself inflicted movements. down. " It shows that he sometimes questions the Being Persistent and Lazy credibility of his management and Failure to do things can violate the right to do responsibility. Patience is so important that things in a timely manner and to destroy the Prophet Ali (P.B.U.H) regards it as a tool of rights of the people. Laziness at work eliminates government, Imam Ali (P.B.U.H) said: good and irreversible opportunities. There "Patience is one of the most important principles should be no laziness in getting things done, and of management." (Ahmadkhani, 2000, pp. 131- this should be met with precision.
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