Tcdd'de Yük Taşimaciliği Ve Ülke Pazarindaki Yeri

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Tcdd'de Yük Taşimaciliği Ve Ülke Pazarindaki Yeri TCDD’DE YÜK TAŞIMACILIĞI VE ÜLKE PAZARINDAKİ YERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA Engin DOĞANYILMAZ Yüksek Lisans Tezi İş ve Mühendislik Yönetimi Anabilim Dalı Danışman: Doç. Dr. Ali Sırrı YILMAZ MAYIS-2018 T.C FIRAT ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ TCDD’DE YÜK TAŞIMACILIĞI VE ÜLKE PAZARINDAKİ YERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ Engin DOĞANYILMAZ 141142103 Tezin Enstitüye Verildiği Tarih: 08/05/2018 Tezin Savunulduğu Tarih: 25/05/2018 Tez Danışmanı: Doç. Dr. Ali Sırrı YILMAZ Diğer Jüri Üyeleri: Doç. Dr. Ersan ERSOY Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Ahmet ORHAN MAYIS-2018 ÖNSÖZ Tez çalışmam süresince ilgi, destek ve anlayışını hiçbir zaman benden esirgemeyen, çalışmamın her aşamasında bilgi, birikim ve tecrübeleri ile bana yol gösterici ve destek olan değerli hocam ve tez danışmanım Sayın Doç. Dr. Ali Sırrı YILMAZ’a sonsuz teşekkür ve saygılarımı sunarım. Tüm başarılarımın kaynağı olan, karşılaştığım zorluklarda yanımda olduklarını her an hissettiren canım aileme, manevi destekleri ve bana duydukları sonsuz güven için teşekkür ederim. Tez çalışmam sırasında yardım ve desteklerini benden hiç esirgemeyen tüm demiryolu çalışanlarına da teşekkürü bir borç bilirim. Engin DOĞANYILMAZ ELAZIĞ - 2018 ii İÇİNDEKİLER Sayfa No ÖNSÖZ .................................................................................................................................. ii İÇİNDEKİLER ..................................................................................................................... iii ÖZET .................................................................................................................................... vi SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ vii ŞEKİLLER LİSTESİ .......................................................................................................... viii TABLOLAR LİSTESİ .......................................................................................................... x KISALTMALAR ................................................................................................................ xii 1. GİRİŞ ........................................................................................................................... 1 2. TAŞIMACILIK VE LOJİSTİK ÜZERİNE ................................................................. 3 2.1. Taşımacılık .............................................................................................................. 3 2.1.1. Taşımacılık Kavramı .................................................................................... 3 2.1.2. Temel Taşıma Türleri .................................................................................. 3 2.1.2.1. Karayolu Taşımacılığı ............................................................................. 3 2.1.2.2. Demiryolu Taşımacılığı ........................................................................... 6 2.1.2.3. Denizyolu Taşımacılığı ............................................................................ 7 2.1.2.4. İç Suyolu Taşımacılığı ............................................................................. 8 2.1.2.5. Havayolu Taşımacılığı ............................................................................. 9 2.1.2.6. Boru Hattı Taşımacılığı ........................................................................... 9 2.1.3. Kombine Taşımacılık ................................................................................. 10 2.1.3.1. Kombine Taşımacılık Kavramı .............................................................. 10 2.1.3.2. Kombine Taşımacılığın Amaçları .......................................................... 13 2.1.3.3. Konteyner Taşımacılığı ......................................................................... 13 2.1.3.4. İntermodal Demiryolu-Karayolu Yük Taşımacılığı .............................. 14 2.2. Lojistik .................................................................................................................. 17 2.2.3. Lojistik Tanımı .......................................................................................... 17 2.2.4. Lojistik ve Taşımacılık .............................................................................. 18 3. TÜRKİYEDE DEMİRYOLU ULAŞIM POLİTİKALARI ....................................... 20 3.1. Osmanlı Döneminde Demiryolu Ulaşım Politikaları ............................................ 20 3.2. Cumhuriyet Döneminde Demiryolu Ulaşım Politikaları ...................................... 20 iii 3.2.1. 1923-1950 Döneminde Demiryolu Ulaşım Politikaları ............................. 20 3.2.2. 1950-1961 Döneminde Demiryolu Ulaşım Politikaları ............................. 23 3.2.3. 1962-1980 Döneminde Demiryolu Ulaşım Politikaları ............................. 24 3.2.4. 1980-2000 Döneminde Demiryolu Ulaşım Politikaları ............................. 25 3.2.5. 2000’li Yıllarda Demiryolu Ulaşım Politikaları ........................................ 26 3.3. Avrupa Demiryollarında Yakın Tarihteki Ulaşım Politikaları ............................. 26 3.3.1. Avrupa’da İntermodal Demiryolu Yük Taşımacılığı ................................. 27 4. TÜRKİYE’DE DEMİRYOLLARININ MEVCUT DURUMU VE TCDD TAŞIMACILIĞINDA İŞLETMECİLİK FAALİYETLERİ ............................................... 28 4.1. Türkiye’de Demiryolu Sektörünün Durumu ......................................................... 28 4.2. Türkiye Demiryolu Ulaştırmasının Serbestleştirilmesi ........................................ 29 4.3. Demiryolu Sektörü İçerisinde TCDD’nin Durumu .............................................. 30 4.3.1. Türkiye’nin Demiryolu Sınır Kapıları ....................................................... 32 4.4. YHT Projeleri ....................................................................................................... 32 4.5. TCDD Yük Taşımacılık Faaliyetleri ..................................................................... 35 4.5.1. Blok Tren Taşımacılığı .............................................................................. 35 4.5.2. Üretim Merkezlerinin Demiryolu Ağına Bağlanması (İltisak Hattı) ......... 36 4.5.3. Konteyner Taşımacılığı .............................................................................. 36 4.5.4. Özel Sektörün Vagon Sahibi Olmasının Sağlanması ................................ 37 4.5.5. Lojistik Merkezler / Yük Terminalleri ....................................................... 37 4.5.6. Marmara Denizi’nde Kombine Taşımacılık .............................................. 39 4.5.7. Tır Kasası Taşımacılığı .............................................................................. 39 4.5.8. Boğaz Tüp Geçiş (Marmaray) Projesi ....................................................... 39 4.5.9. Bakü-Tiflis-Kars (BTK) Projesi ................................................................ 39 4.5.10. TRACECA Projesi ve Orta Asya Ulaşımında Demiryolu Alternatifi ....... 40 4.6. TCDD’nin Liman Hizmetleri ................................................................................ 44 4.6.1. Van Gölü Feribot İşletmeciliği .................................................................. 46 4.7. TCDD’de Planlanan Çalışmalar ve Hedefler ........................................................ 47 4.8. Elazığ OSB ve Demiryolu Taşımacılığı ............................................................... 48 5. ÇALIŞMANIN METODOLOJİSİ ............................................................................. 51 5.1. Kişiler Tarafından Yapılan Araştırmalar .............................................................. 51 5.2. Kurumlar Tarafından Yapılan Araştırmalar.......................................................... 53 6. BULGULAR .............................................................................................................. 56 6.1. Demiryolları Hat Uzunlukları ve Özellikleri ........................................................ 57 iv 6.2. Bakım ve Yenilemesi Yapılan Demiryolu Hatları ................................................ 62 6.3. Demiryolu ile Yük Taşımacılığı ........................................................................... 63 6.4. Avrupa Demiryolları ve TCDD ............................................................................ 71 6.5. TCDD Limanlarında Yük Taşımacılığı ................................................................ 75 6.6. TCDD’de Çeken ve Çekilen Araç Durumları ....................................................... 77 6.7. Türkiye’de Ulaşım Türlerine Göre Dış Ticaret .................................................... 81 6.8. Demiryolları ve Diğer Ulaşım Sektörlerine Ayrılan Yatırımlar ........................... 83 6.9. TCDD’nin Mali Durumu ...................................................................................... 85 6.10. Demiryolu ve Karayolunda Gerçekleşen Kazalar ............................................. 87 6.11. Ulaşım Sektörlerinin Karbondioksit Salınımları ............................................... 88 7. SONUÇLAR VE ÖNERİLER ................................................................................... 90 8. KAYNAKLAR .......................................................................................................... 98 EKLER .............................................................................................................................. 105 ÖZGEÇMİŞ ....................................................................................................................... 106 v ÖZET 23 Eylül
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