Mutual Perceptions of Korean and Turkish Societies: Prospects for Development of Political, Economic and Cultural Relations
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MUTUAL PERCEPTIONS OF KOREAN AND TURKISH SOCIETIES: PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL RELATIONS HYERIM CHOI JULY 2014 MUTUAL PERCEPTIONS OF KOREAN AND TURKISH SOCIETIES: PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL RELATIONS A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY HYERIM CHOI IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MIDDLE EAST STUDIES JULY 2014 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Meliha ALTUNIŞIK Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özlem TÜR Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Prof. Dr. Recep BOZTEMUR Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Recep BOZTEMUR (METU, HIST) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Erdoğan Yıldırım (METU, SOC) Assist. Prof. Dr. Çağatay Topal (METU, SOC) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Hyerim Choi Signature : iii ABSTRACT MUTUAL PERCEPTIONS OF KOREAN AND TURKISH SOCIETIES: PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL RELATIONS Choi, Hyerim MSc., Department of Middle East Studies Supervisor : Prof. Dr. Recep BOZTEMUR July 2014, 273 pages This thesis analyzes mutual perceptions of the Turkish and Korean peoples about each other on the aspects of politics, military, economy, culture and education of the countries through in-depth interviews with Turkish and Korean people. The research also makes use of an analysis on press and media in both countries, and the official statistics of the governments and international institutions are given to compare the objectivity. Keywords: Mutual Perceptions, Turkey, Korea, Turkish-Korean relations iv ÖZ KORE VE TÜRK TOPLUMLARIN KARŞILIKLI ALGILARI: SİYASAL, EKONOMIK VE KÜLTÜREL İLİŞKİLERİN GELİŞMESİ İÇİN BEKLENTİLER Choi, Hyerim Yüksek Lisans, Orta Doğu Araştırmaları Yüksek Lisans Programı Tez Yöneticisi: Prof. Dr. Recep BOZTEMUR Temmuz 2014, 273 sayfa Bu tez, derinlemesine görüşmeler yöntemi aracılığıyla Kore ve Türk toplumlarının birbirleri hakkında siyasi, askeri, iktisadi, kültürel ve eğitsel alanlarda karşılıklı algılarını incelemektedir. Araştırma, her iki ülkedeki basın ve yayın organlarını ve idari ve uluslararası kurumların resmi istatistiklerini de karşılaştırmalar yapmak amacıyla kullanmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Karşılıklı Algıları, Türkiye, Kore, Türk-Kore İlişkileri v To Everyone involved in Turkish-Korean Relations vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my deepest gratitute to my supervisor Prof. Dr. Recep Boztemur for his intellectual guidance, helpful advice, emotional support, and consistent encouragements throughout the research. I would like to sincerely thank him for his care, encouragement and help during my master’s study starting from the first day of my METU life. I would also like to thank Assoc. Prof. Dr. Erdoğan Yıldırım for graciously granting me his valuable time, encouragement, and constructive advice for my thesis. I would also want to express my gratitude to Assist. Prof. Dr. Çağatay Topal for his suggestions about methods and structure of the thesis, and willingly offering his time to give comments on the contents of my thesis. I would like to thank Ambassador Lee for providing useful articles and materials regarding Turkish-Korean relations. I am sincerely grateful to Minister Hee-Chul Lee, Director of Korean Culture Center Mr. Dong Woo Cho, and Army Attache Mr. Jongbo Baik for contacting Korean interviewees in Turkey. I am grateful to Dr. Nan-A Lee for introducing Turkish interviewees in Korea. I would want to express special thanks to Gulin Öylü who helped me a lot with Turkish during the process of analyzing Turkish interviews and writing the Turkish summary. Moreover, I would like to thank all my respondents for dedicating their precious time and sharing their thoughts with me. I owe my deepest gratitude to my parents for their complete supports and love to me during my study period in Turkey. I would also want to acknowledg that this thesis would not have been possible without the scholarship support of the Turkish government during my master’s study in METU. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS PLAGIARISM...........................................................................................................iii ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................. iv ÖZ ...............................................................................................................................v DEDICATION .......................................................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ....................................................................................... vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................ viii LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................... xi LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................. xii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................1 2. TURKISH-KOREAN RELATIONS ..............................................................13 3. MUTUAL GENERAL IMPRESSIONS OF TURKS AND KOREANS........36 3.1 Korean General Impressions of Turks .................................................36 3.2 Turkish General Impressions of Koreans .............................................51 4. MUTUAL PERCEPTIONS ON TURKISH-KOREAN POLITICS AND MILITARY....................................................................................................64 4.1 Korean Perceptions on Turkish Politics and Military ..........................64 4.1.1 Korean Perceptions on Democracy in Turkey .........................64 4.1.2 Korean Perceptions on the Turkish Government .....................73 4.1.3 Korean Perceptions on the Kurdish Question ..........................83 4.1.4 Korean Perceptions on the Participation of the Turkish Soldiers in the Korean War ......................................................86 4.1.5 Korean Perceptions on the Turkish Military ............................88 4.2 Turkish Perceptions on Korean Politics and Military ..........................94 4.2.1 Turkish Perceptions on Democracy in Korea ..........................94 4.2.2 Turkish Perceptions on the Korean Government ...................101 viii 4.2.3 Turkish Perceptions on Relation between South and North Korea ........................................................................... 107 4.2.4 Turkish Perceptions on the Participation of the Turkish Soldiers in the Korean War ................................................... 114 4.2.5 Turkish Perceptions on the Korean Military ......................... 117 5. MUTUAL PERCEPTIONS ON TURKISH-KOREAN ECONOMY ....... 123 5.1 Korean Perceptions on the Turkish Economy ................................... 123 5.1.1 Korean Perceptions on the Turkish Economy ....................... 123 5.1.2 Korean Perceptions on Turkish Brands................................. 134 5.1.3 Korean Perceptions on Turkish-Korean Cooperation in Economic Relations .......................................................... 138 5.1.4 Korean Perceptions on the FTA between Turkey and Korea ..................................................................................... 147 5.2 Turkish Perceptions on the Korean Economy ................................... 149 5.2.1 Turkish Perceptions on the Korean Economy ....................... 149 5.2.2 Turkish Perceptions on Korean Brands ................................ 163 5.2.3 Turkish Perceptions on Turkish-Korean Cooperation in Economic Relations .......................................................... 165 5.2.4 Turkish Perceptions on the FTA between Turkey and Korea ..................................................................................... 171 6. MUTUAL PERCEPTIONS ON TURKISH-KOREAN CULTURE AND EDUCATION ............................................................................................. 175 6.1 Korean Perceptions on Turkish Culture and Education .................... 175 6.1.1 Korean Perceptions on Turkish Traditional Culture ............. 178 6.1.2 Korean Perceptions on Turkish Food .................................... 183 6.1.3 Korean Perceptions on Turkish Music and Dance ................ 186 6.1.4 Korean Perceptions on Turkish Movies and Dramas ............ 188 6.1.5 Korean Perceptions on Turkish Education ............................ 191 6.2 Turkish Perceptions on Korean Culture and Education .................... 199 6.2.1 Turkish Perceptions on Korean Traditional Culture ............. 201 6.2.2 Turkish Perceptions on Korean Food .................................... 210 ix 6.2.3 Turkish Perceptions on Korean Music ...................................216 6.2.4 Turkish Perceptions on Korean Movies and Dramas ............119 6.2.5 Turkish Perceptions on Korean Education ............................223 7.