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Ancient Civilizations Inquiry Questions: How Do We Know a Society Is An Unit 3: Ancient Civilizations Inquiry Questions: How do we know a society is an advanced civilization? What are major achievements of ancient civilizations? How do Empires rise and fall? LT: I can identify how the four Empires of ancient Mesopotamia were advanced Empires by reading and answering questions. The Akkadian Empire How did the Akkadian Empire rise? ______________________________________________ For over a thousand years, Sumer was a land of independent city-states. ______________________________________________ Later, around 2300 B.C.E., the Akkadians from northern Mesopotamia ______________________________________________ conquered the land. ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ Sargon was both a strong king and a skilled general who built his empire ______________________________________________ through effective military strategies. After assembling a large army, he ______________________________________________ ​ ​ ​ ​ ______________________________________________ taught his soldiers to fight in tight formations. Soldiers carrying shields List some of the most important achievements of the stood at the front of the formation, while those carrying spears stood in Akkadian Empire be sure to give explanations of each: the line behind. The spear-carriers would extend their weapons between Some major achievements of the Akkadian Empire the shields. Sargon used his military tactics to add territory to his empire. were… After defeating the king of the city-state of Uruk, Sargon had gained control of all of Mesopotamia, including Sumer. 1.____________________________________________ ______________________________________________ To maintain control of his empire, Sargon used very clever political ______________________________________________ strategies. He destroyed the walls of many city-states, leaving them ______________________________________________ 2.____________________________________________ completely defenseless. Sargon believed that without the protection of the ______________________________________________ walls, people were less likely to rebel. He also demanded the loyalty of ______________________________________________ the governors of city-states, replacing any disloyal ones with his own ______________________________________________ men. Sargon lived to be a very great age and decreed that his sons would 3.____________________________________________ rule after his death. His name soon passed into legend because he and the ______________________________________________ Akkadians had created the world’s first empire—their greatest ______________________________________________ achievement ______________________________________________ Sargon ruled his empire for 56 years. During that time, he made the city In what ways was the Akkadian Empire an advanced civilization? The Akkadian Empire was advanced of Agade (uh-GAH-duh), in northern Mesopotamia, the empire's capital. ​ ​ because … He built up the city with tributes collected from the people he conquered. ​ ​ Agade became a cultural center, with many beautiful temples and palaces. 1.____________________________________________ It was one of the richest and most powerful cities in the world. ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ The Akkadians had their own cultural achievements. Over time, their _____________________________________________ language replaced the Sumerian language. In art, they became especially well known for their skillful three-dimensional sculptures. Artisans also 2.____________________________________________ ______________________________________________ carved relief sculptures on stones. These carved stones are called steles. ​ ​ ______________________________________________ The Victory Stele is a famous example. It was created to celebrate a ______________________________________________ military victory by Sargon's grandson, King Naram-Sin. The stele shows ______________________________________________ Naram-Sin leading his victorious army up a mountain slope. Some of his enemies are crushed underfoot. Others die, flee, or beg for mercy. How did the Akkadian Empire fall? ______________________________________________ Sargon had hoped that his empire would last for a thousand years. But ______________________________________________ later kings found it difficult to rule such a large territory. The empire grew ______________________________________________ weak. After about 200 years, the Akkadian Empire fell to new invaders ______________________________________________ ​ ______________________________________________ from the north. ______________________________________________ Draw 2 visuals that symbolize the Akkadian Empire: Hammurabi and the Babylonian Empire: For a time after the fall of the How did the Babylonian Empire rise? ​ ​ Akkadians, Sumer was once again a group of city-states. The next ruler to _____________________________________ unite all of Mesopotamia was a king named Hammurabi (hah-muh-RAH-bee). _____________________________________ _____________________________________ Hammurabi was the king of Babylon (BAH-buh-luhn), a small city-state in central _____________________________________ Mesopotamia. After conquering the rest of Mesopotamia, Hammurabi made _____________________________________ Babylon the capital of his empire. The region under his rule became known as the _____________________________________ Babylonian Empire, or Babylonia. ______List some of the most important achievements of the Babylonian Empire. Some Hammurabi is best known for his code of laws, which he wrote from 1792 to 1750 major achievements of the Babylonian Empire ​ ​ B.C.E. Hammurabi used the code of laws to unify his empire and to preserve order. were… ​ ​ He based the laws not merely on his own authority, but on the word of the gods. 1.____________________________________ Hammurabi claimed that the gods had told him to create laws that applied to _____________________________________ everyone in the empire. Laws that were based on the gods' will could never be _____________________________________ changed. The code of laws was written on a stele and placed in a temple for _____________________________________ everyone to see. _____________________________________ ____ Hammurabi's code was detailed. It covered many situations, such as trade, payment for work, marriage, and divorce. The code spelled out punishments for crimes, such 2.____________________________________ as stealing or causing injury. For example, if a poorly built house were to collapse _____________________________________ and kill its owner, then the builder could be put to death. If the owner's son rather _____________________________________ than the owner were killed in the collapse, the builder's son could be put to death. _____________________________________ _____________________________________ Laws like this one seem harsh to us now. Yet Hammurabi's code was an important ____ achievement. Although the laws and punishments did not treat all people equally, the code was the first set of laws to apply to everyone. 3.____________________________________ _____________________________________ Babylonia thrived under Hammurabi. He worked to unite the people of his _____________________________________ empire. He made the Babylonian god, Marduk (MAHR-dook), supreme over _____________________________________ other gods. He built roads and created a postal service. _____________________________________ ____In what ways was the Babylonian Empire Agriculture and trade flourished. Hammurabi was careful to maintain irrigation an advanced civilization? The Babylonian systems properly so that land remained fertile and provided plenty of food. Empire was advanced because… Because the city of Babylon was on the banks of the Euphrates River, it became an important center of trade. Babylonians traded with people all along 1.____________________________________ _____________________________________ the Persian Gulf. They traded grain and woven cloth for wood, gold, silver, _____________________________________ precious gems, and livestock (animals) _____________________________________ Trade helped the empire's economy. Many types of artisans used materials ___ ​ ​ brought back from distant lands. The arts also flourished. Writers wrote 2.____________________________________ historical poems, some of which survive to this day. _____________________________________ Most important, Babylonian society was unusually fair for its time. The laws _____________________________________ treated the various classes differently, but even slaves had some rights. Slaves _____________________________________ _____________________________________ could work elsewhere and keep their wages. They could own property. If they _____________________________________ saved enough money, they could even buy their freedom. Women also had _____How did the Babylonian Empire fall? more rights than they did in most ancient societies. Even though their fathers _____________________________________ chose their husbands, women could own property. They could also keep _____________________________________ money of their own. _____________________________________ The Babylonian empire ruled distant lands with language and customs unlike _____________________________________ their own, such differences made it difficult to govern. After Hammurabi’s _____________________________________
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