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Luxembourg Case Study CIRCTER SPIN-OFF // Luxembourg Case Study Final Report // March 2021 This CIRCTER spin-off is conducted within the framework of the ESPON 2020 Cooperation Programme, partly financed by the European Regional Development Fund. The ESPON EGTC is the Single Beneficiary of the ESPON 2020 Cooperation Programme. The Single Operation within the programme is implemented by the ESPON EGTC and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund, the EU Member States and the Partner States, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. This delivery does not necessarily reflect the opinions of members of the ESPON 2020 Monitoring Committee. Authors Marco Bianchi, Pierre Merger – Tecnalia Research and Innovation (Spain) Advisory group Frederick-Christoph Richters, Paul Schosseler – Ministry of Energy and Spatial Planning Luxembourg Government Marjan van Herwijnen – ESPON EGTC Information on ESPON and its projects can be found at www.espon.eu. The website provides the possibility to download and examine the most recent documents produced by finalised and ongoing ESPON projects. ISBN: 978-2-919795-73-4 © ESPON, 2020 Layout and graphic design by BGRAPHIC, Denmark Printing, reproduction or quotation is authorised provided the source is acknowledged and a copy is forwarded to the ESPON EGTC in Luxembourg. Contact: [email protected] CIRCTER SPIN-OFF // Luxembourg Case Study Final Report // March 2021 CIRCTER SPIN-OFF // Luxembourg Case Study Table of contents Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................................... 7 Foreword by Claude Turmes - Minister for Spatial Planning of Luxembourg ............................... 8 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 10 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................... 10 1.2 The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg ............................................................................................. 10 1.3 Structure of the report ............................................................................................................... 11 2 An overview from CIRCTER statistics ........................................................................... 12 2.1 Material consumption patterns .................................................................................................. 12 2.2 Waste generation and treatment ............................................................................................... 17 2.3 Sectoral perspective of Circular Business Models and Potential User ...................................... 23 2.3.1 Luxembourg: Circular Business Models .................................................................................... 25 2.3.2 Luxembourg: Potential Users .................................................................................................... 28 3 Luxembourg’s metabolism ............................................................................................. 31 3.1 Luxembourg material flows breakdown ..................................................................................... 32 3.2 Luxembourg: waste flows breakdown ....................................................................................... 35 4 Circular Economy and the territorial perspective ......................................................... 43 4.1 CIRCTER territorial factors ....................................................................................................... 43 4.2 Luxembourg’s territorial implications ......................................................................................... 44 4.2.1 Land-based factors ................................................................................................................... 45 4.2.2 Agglomeration factors ............................................................................................................... 46 4.2.3 Accessibility: reverse logistic & nearshoring ............................................................................. 48 4.2.4 Governance .............................................................................................................................. 49 5 Policy perspectives.......................................................................................................... 50 References ......................................................................................................................................... 52 ESPON // espon.eu 5 CIRCTER SPIN-OFF // Luxembourg Case Study List of maps, figures, charts and tables List of maps Map 2-1: Domestic Material Consumption (DMC) per capita (2014) ........................................................... 13 Map 2-2: Material Intensity, measured as Domestic Material Consumption (DMC) in kg/Euro GDP in PPS (2014) ........................................................................................................................... 13 Map 2-3: Domestic Extraction in tonnes per capita (2014) ......................................................................... 15 Map 2-4: Total Waste (excluding major mineral waste) in tons per capita .................................................. 17 Map 2-5 : Change of total waste (excluding major mineral waste) in kg per Capita in % ............................ 19 Map 2-6: Waste intensity (total waste excluding major mineral waste) ....................................................... 20 Map 2-7: Food waste in kg per capita (2014) .............................................................................................. 21 Map 2-8: Change of Food Waste per capita, 2006-2014 ............................................................................ 23 Map 2-9: Number of persons employed in companies associated with Circular Business Models ............. 25 Map 2-10: Turnover in companies associated with Circular Economy Business Models ............................ 27 Map 2-11: Regional Distribution of Revenue of Potential Users by NACE 24 (basic metals) category ....... 29 List of figures Figure 2-1: Simplified overview of material flow indicators .......................................................................... 12 Figure 2-2: DMC per capita vs DMC intensity scatterplots (2014) .............................................................. 14 Figure 2-3: DMC, DE and specific material consumption levels: comparison between a selected sample of European regions (2014) ..................................................................................... 15 Figure 2-4: DE share of DMC plotted against DMC per capita ................................................................... 16 Figure 2-5: Waste generation for a selected sample of regions (2006 vs 2014) ......................................... 18 Figure 2-6: Food-waste per capita vs. Population density (2014) ............................................................... 22 Figure 2-7: Change in Food Waste for a selected sample of regions (2006-2014) ..................................... 22 Figure 2-8: A conceptual visualisation of the four pillars of a Circular Economy and their respective sectors .................................................................................................................................. 24 Figure 2-9: The four overarching Circular Business Models ....................................................................... 24 Figure 2-10: Number of employees by type of CBMs. ................................................................................ 26 Figure 2-11: Turnover generated by type of CBMs ..................................................................................... 28 Figure 2-12: Share of iron scrap consumption NACE 24 ............................................................................ 30 Figure 3-1: Luxembourg Sankey diagram: aggregated material and waste flows; Million tonnes, 2016 ..... 31 Figure 3-2: Evolution of DMC, DE, Import and Export by material flow typology (2000-2018) .................... 33 Figure 3-3: Import shares of non-metallic materials in thousand tonnes (construction and building materials), (2018) ................................................................................................................. 34 Figure 3-4: Import and Export of metallic materials..................................................................................... 34 Figure 3-5: Sankey diagram of economic-wide material flows (tonnes, 2016) ............................................ 35 Figure 3-6: Waste generation and treatment flows excluding major mineral waste (figures in thousand tonnes) .................................................................................................................. 36 Figure 3-7: Waste generated by waste category, excluding major mineral wastes (2016) ......................... 36 Figure 3-8: Total waste by waste treatment typology (Thousand tonnes) ................................................... 37 Figure 3-9: Waste flows by type of waste and treatment (Thousand tonnes, 2016). .................................. 38 Figure 3-10: Municipal waste by waste treatment typology (Thousand tonnes) .......................................... 39 Figure 3-11: Treatment of domestic waste (Thousand tonnes). .................................................................. 40 Figure 3-12: Biowaste
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