FREEA BRIEF HISTORY OF THE HUNDRED YEARS WAR: THE ENGLISH IN , 1337-1453 EBOOK

Desmond Seward | 304 pages | 27 Mar 2003 | Little, Brown Book Group | 9781841196787 | English | London, United Kingdom The Hundred Years' War ( – ) - Open History

Guyenne, [also known as -et-Gascogne] from the earliest Roman days, had been part of what is now known as the region of . The English were not only irritated by French interests in Guyenne, but also by French support of the Scots against and by French attempts to control Flanders and its wool trade with England. Provocation was not a one way street. InValois France was the most powerful kingdom in Europe both in terms of monetary means and in soldiers. However, Valois France itself A Brief History of the Hundred Years War: The English in France still a collection of virtually independent provinces. These wars were interrupted, now-and-again, by numerous truces and treaties over a period of years. The wars had become the consuming interests of a series of five English and five French monarchs which had drained the treasuries of both countries. Ina French assembly was called to settle the dispute over which claimant should become the French king. 1337-1453, when Philippe then moved to A Brief History of the Hundred Years War: The English in France Guyenne, Edward renewed his 1337-1453 to the throne and unsuccessfully attempted to move an army into Flanders. However, running out of money, Edward was forced to seek a truce and return to England. There, Edward defeated the army that Philippe VI had sent to block his retreat to the northeast. Edward then laid siege to the port of during September, The city surrendered in October of the same year and he deported most of its French occupants, colonizing the town with Englishmen so he could have a base for further invasions of France. Again, running out of money, he made a new truce in September, InEdward broke the truce by leading large scale, but unsuccessful raids, against the French from Calais. However, he was more successful in Scotland where, in he received a formal surrender of the Kingdom of Scotland. Under these terms, Jean II was compelled to surrender so much territory that he repudiated the agreement. Edward then landed at Calais on October 28 and besieged Reims. The citizens of Reims successfully resisted the siege. Frustrated, Edward marched into Burgundy and ultimately towards . These unsuccessful campaigns lead to preliminary peace talks in on May 8, The terms, of the truce, were finalized by the Treaty of Calais. The treaty was ratified by both the French and English in October, Under its terms, Edward renounced his claim to the French throne and France ceded the whole of Aquitaine to England. With the death of Jean II, in English captivity, his son, Charles 1337-1453 refused to recognize the treaty and renewed A Brief History of the Hundred Years War: The English in France conflict. A new treaty was entered into in This Treaty of Bretigny resulted in a brief period of peace. The Black Prince died inleaving his 10 year old son as the heir to the English throne with all the power in the Regent, John of Gaunt. The son, Richard II, succeeded as king in Hostilities renewed again in when the French took the initiative. The death of Charles V, that same year, arrested French progress in recovering the lost territory. This incited the citizenry against him and in he was forced to abdicate. Meanwhile, in France, Charles VI suffered bouts of insanity. One of his uncles, Philippe the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, died in InHenry V decided to take advantage of the French situation and to assert the English claims on the French throne. In northern France, inan English army of troops overwhelmed a vastly superior French army of some 20 to 30 thousand at the by cunning use of English longbow archers supported by cavalry. The English longbow was a technological leap forward in warfare. The bow, measuring 6 feet, was 1337-1453 of Welsh origin. It shot yard long arrows some yards, which proved to be an indefensible force when correctly used. With their longbows, the English went on to conquer in Consequently, he failed to preserve the English gains in France. This failure ultimately lead to his overthrow in She was subsequently taken prisoner by the Burgundians who sold her to the English. They, in turn, tried and executed her for heresy. InPhilippe the Good switched his allegiance, having became convinced that the English could never impose their will on the conquered areas of France. In the war flared up again when the English intervened against the duke of Brittany who had done A Brief History of the Hundred Years War: The English in France to Charles VII. The next year, inthe people of Kent rebelled against Henry VI due to the corruptness of his ministers and his incompetent handling of the war. The French mounted a vigorous campaign that quickly resulted in the reconquest of Normandy and, inof most of Guyenne. Bythe English had lost all of their holdings in France with the exception of Calais. This event, coupled with English discontentment and the insanity of Henry, lead to 1337-1453 so-called English War of the Roses [the symbol of both sides being a rose — 1337-1453 House of York using the white rose and the House of Lancaster using a red one]. Inthe French took Calais. His greatest rival was now Charles the BoldDuke of Burgundy. InCharles died while trying to conquer the city of Nancy. Louis then seized most of his vast lands. Roman Empire. Charlemagne's Empire. France French Empire. Outline of Fr. . Hundred Years' War. Edict of Nantes. Joan of Arc. All rights reserved. The Hundred Years War: The English in France - Desmond Seward - Google книги

The struggle involved several generations of English and French claimants to the crown and actually occupied a period of more than years. This confiscation, however, had been preceded by periodic fighting over the question of English fiefs in France going back to the 12th century. They came into conflict over a series of issues, including disputes over English territorial possessions in France and the legitimate succession to the French 1337-1453. Edward was to withdraw from France and receive compensation. No peace treaty was ever signed. In the first half of the 14th century, France was the richest, largest, and most populous kingdom of western Europe. It had, moreover, derived immense A Brief History of the Hundred Years War: The English in France from the fame and exploits of its monarchs, especially Louis IXand it had grown powerful through the loyal service given by its administrators and officials. England was the best organized and most closely integrated western European state and the most likely 1337-1453 rival France, because the Holy Roman Empire was paralyzed by deep divisions. In these circumstances, serious conflict between the two countries was perhaps inevitable, but its extreme bitterness and long duration were more surprising. The length of the conflict can be explained, however, by the fact that a basic struggle for supremacy was exacerbated by complicated problems, such as that of English territorial possessions in France and disputed succession to the French throne; it was also prolonged by bitter litigation, commercial rivalry, and greed for plunder. The complicated political relationship existing between France and England in the first half of the 14th century ultimately derived from the position of William the Conquerorthe first sovereign ruler of England who also held fiefs on the continent of Europe as a vassal of the French king. The natural alarm caused to the Capetian kings by their overmighty vassals, the dukes of Normandy, who were also kings of England, was greatly increased in the s. A long conflict inevitably ensued, in which the French kings steadily reduced and weakened the Angevin empire. In return, Louis pledged himself to hand over to the English in due course certain territory which protected the border of Guyenne: lower SaintongeAgenaisand some lands in . This treaty stood a fair chance of being respected by two rulers such as Henry and Louis, who admired each other and were closely related they had married sistersbut it posed many problems for the future. When Alphonse died A Brief History of the Hundred Years War: The English in France issue inthe new king of France, Philip IIItried to evade the agreement, and the question was not settled until Edward I of England received the lands in Agenais by the Treaty of and those in by the Edward surrendered his treaty rights to the Quercy lands. The result was that French royal seneschals and their subordinates encouraged malcontents in the duchy to appeal against their duke to the French king and to the Parlement of Paris. Such appeals strained relations between the French and English courts on more than one occasion, and the homage which had to be done again wherever a new ruler ascended either A Brief History of the Hundred Years War: The English in France was given only grudgingly. The first serious crisis after the conclusion of the Treaty of Paris came inwhen ships from England and Bayonne were engaged in a series of skirmishes with a Norman fleet. Byas a result of the successful campaigns there of his brother Charles, count of Valoisand his cousin Robert II of Artois, Philip had become the effective master of almost the whole duchy. Edward I then allied himself in with Guy of Dampierrecount of Flandersanother rebellious vassal of 1337-1453. Louis X died before Edward proffered homage, and Philip V did not receive it until The duchy was overrun again —25 by the forces of Charles of Valois. Even so, both sides had A Brief History of the Hundred Years War: The English in France been seeking a solution to this troublesome problem. Edward II and Philip V had tried to solve it by the nomination of seneschals or governors for Guyenne who were acceptable to them both, and the appointment of the Genoese Antonio Pessagno and later of Amaury de Craon to this post proved successful for a time. A similar expedient was adopted by the appointment of Henri de Sully, who held the office of A Brief History of the Hundred Years War: The English in France in the French royal household and was a friend of Edward II. This solution, which avoided the awkwardness of requiring one king to do homage to another, was unfortunately of short duration, because the new duke of Guyenne returned almost immediately to England September to dethrone his father A fresh complication was introduced when Charles IV died on February 1,leaving no male heir. Since there existed at that time no definitive rule about the succession to the French crown in such circumstances, it was left to an assembly of magnates to decide who ought to be the new king. The assembly decided in favour of the count of Valois, who became king as Philip VI. Edward III protested vigorously, threatening to defend his rights by every possible means. However, after his rival had defeated some Flemish rebels at the Battle of Cassel Augusthe withdrew his claim and did simple homage for Guyenne at Amiens in June Philip responded with a demand for a declaration of liege homage and was, moreover, determined not to restore certain lands for which Edward had asked. He sought to recover the Gascon lands lost to Charles IV and demanded an end of the alliance between France and Scotland. He intrigued against Philip in the Low Countries and in Germanywhile Philip, for his part, organized a small expedition to help the Scots and formed an alliance with Castile December Both parties were preparing for war. Philip declared Guyenne confiscated on May 24,and in October Edward declared that the kingdom 1337-1453 France was rightfully his and sent a formal challenge to his opponent. Edward III did not disembark on the Continent until He settled at Antwerp and made an alliance with Jacob van Arteveldea citizen of Ghent who had become the leader of the Flemish towns. These cities, in their anxiety to ensure the continued supply of English wool for their textile industries, had rebelled against Louis I, count of Neverswho supported Philip. Edward besieged Cambrai inand, on October 22 of that year, a French and an English army came within a few miles of each other at Buironfosse, without, however, daring to join battle. A similar encounter occurred near Bouvines inafter an English army supported by Flemish militia failed to take Tournai. This made it possible for him to move troops and provisions to the Continent. The scene of operations shifted in to Brittanywhere, after the death of Duke John III in April, the help of the French and English kings was invokedrespectively, by Charles of Blois and by John of Montfortrival claimants for the succession. The troops of both kings invaded the duchy, and their armies A Brief History of the Hundred Years War: The English in France confronting each other near Vannes by December when the legates of the new pope, Clement VIintervened and managed to negotiate the Truce of Malestroit January 19, At this stage neither king was anxious to press the conflict to a decisive battle; each hoped to achieve his purpose by other means. They embarked on an intensive war of 1337-1453. Edward tried to enlist French support for his claims by means of proclamations nailed on church doors, while Philip cleverly exploited to his own advantage all the traditions of the French kingship and lost no opportunity for 1337-1453 his claim to be the lawful successor of his Capetian ancestors. These, however, Philip crushed with severity. Edward resumed the offensive inthis time in and Guyenne, since the murder of Jacob van Artevelde July made it difficult for the English to use Flanders as a base for operations. Without attempting to take the capital, he crossed the Seine River by the bridge at Poissy and set out toward and his fief of Ponthieu. The French army was crushed, and many of the highest nobility were slain August 26, Edward made no attempt to exploit his victory and marched straight to Calaiswhich he besieged from September to August 1337-1453 the leadership of Jean de Vienne, the garrison there put up a stubborn defense but was finally forced to yield through shortage of provisions. The possibility that Philip would adopt Edward as his heir instead of John, as part of a peace plan devised by the papacy and St. Bridget of Swedencame to nothing. During these years the incidence of the Black Death and the financial straits of both A Brief History of the Hundred Years War: The English in France combined to bring the war to a standstill. John considered it his duty to bring about peace even at the cost of allowing the English king to enjoy free possession of his Continental fiefs without having to do homage for them. Edward III then refused to prolong the truce. After a first dispute with his father-in-law had apparently been settled by the treaties of Mantes and ValognesCharles quarreled with him again, in collusion with the English. Hostilities between French and English broke out again in No engagement took place, however. To meet this threat, John left Normandy, where he had been engaged in reducing Navarrese strongholds. Initial contact between the enemy armies was made east of Poitiers on September 17,but a truce was declared for September 18, a Sunday. John II himself led the last French charge and was taken prisoner along with thousands of his knights September 19, He was A Brief History of the Hundred Years War: The English in France by slow stages to , where he was held until his transfer to England April—May While he was in Bordeaux, the French king concluded a two-year truce with his captors and began to discuss peace terms on a basis of abandoning Aquitaine in full sovereignty to Edward. The members of the assembly seemed to prefer a continuance of war to dismemberment of the kingdom. Moreover, Charles the Bad was allowed to escape from imprisonment November The Estates hoped that Charles would quell the numerous companies of English and Navarrese soldiers who, left without employment since the truce of Bordeaux, were ravaging and pillaging the western districts of France. However, Charles preferred to treat with them. Though officially the hostilities between France and England were suspended, at this period the devastation became more serious than ever. Disorder and misery were much increased by the Jacqueriea revolt of the peasants north of the Seine, which was brutally repressed by the nobility. Delays in collecting and paying early installments of the ransom invalidated this treaty, and 1337-1453 March Edward imposed on his prisoner the harsher terms of the second Treaty of London. By the terms of this treaty, hostages were to be held until part of the ransom was paid, and additional territory, the old Angevin lands lying between the Loire and the English Channelwas to be ceded to the English. He failed to take Reims and instead ravaged the district of Beauce. The ransom was reduced to 3, gold ecus, for payment of which hostages were taken, but John was to be released after a first installment ofecus had been received. The French king was to make a formal resignation of all sovereignty and jurisdiction over the ceded territories by November 30, Set free in OctoberJohn went back to A Brief History of the Hundred Years War: The English in France exhausted and divided France, where a strenuous effort was still required against the rapacious military companies. Article Contents. Print print Print. Table Of Contents. Facebook Twitter. Give Feedback External Websites. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article requires login. External Websites. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree Top Questions. Henry II, depicted in a coloured printed wood engraving, c. Get exclusive access to content from our First Edition with your subscription. Subscribe today. Philip IV, detail of the statue from his tomb, 14th century; in the abbey church at Saint-Denis, France. Edward II, detail of a watercolour manuscript illumination, midth century; in the British Library Jul. Julius E. , illustration after a stained glass window from St. Stephen's Chapel, Westminster. Load Next Page. An Outline , The Hundred Years' War, -

From to England repeatedly invaded France on the pretext that her kings had a right to the French throne. Though it was a small, poor country, England for most of those "hundred years" won the battles, sacked A Brief History of the Hundred Years War: The English in France towns and castles, and dominated the war. The protagonists of. Desmond Seward's critically-acclaimed account of the Hundred Years War brings to life all of the intrigue, beauty, and royal to-the-death-fighting of that legendary century-long conflict. An ideal author for recounting this complex period. Goodreads helps you keep track of books you want to read. Want to Read saving…. Want to Read Currently Reading Read. Other editions. Enlarge cover. Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Open Preview See a Problem? Details if other :. Thanks for telling us about the problem. Return to Book Page. Get A Copy. 1337-1453pages. Published A Brief History of the Hundred Years War: The English in France 1st by Penguin Books first published More Details Original Title. Other Editions 9. Friend Reviews. To see what your friends thought of this book, please sign up. To ask other readers questions about The Hundred Years Warplease sign up. Be the first to ask a question about The Hundred Years War. Lists with This Book. Community Reviews. Showing Average rating 3. Rating details. More filters. Sort order. Oct 27, Frank Kelly rated it really liked A Brief History of the Hundred Years War: The English in France Shelves: militarysept6-sept6, europe. After reading this brisk and enlightening book, I kept asking myself "just how many people died in the Hundred Years War?? Invasion after invasion, usually ending in a "chevauchee" -- essentially a rolling holocaust of men-at-arms and other troops that stole, burned, raped, and destroyed every town, every village, every farm, every church and monastary in their pat After reading this brisk and enlightening book, I kept asking myself "just how many people died in the Hundred Years War?? Invasion after invasion, usually ending in a "chevauchee" -- essentially a 1337-1453 holocaust of men-at-arms and other troops that stole, burned, raped, and destroyed every town, every village, every farm, every church and monastary in their path and which, as to my earlier reference, thousands and A Brief History of the Hundred Years War: The English in France of peasants would be slaughtered. But, according to Seward, served as the primary means of enriching greater England bringing it to the majesty of Great Britain. What this book also essentially does is puncture the romantic historical lore of a brave and honorable King Henry V who, without the aid of Shakespeare, might be seen correctly as one of the more brutal and sadistic English kingsthe life of brave knights and the emergence of England as a great power in Europe and eventually the rest of the world. Seward's book is, in the end, a smart intial primer to studying and understanding this much misunderstood period of history. This was a great overview of one of the strangest wars in the Western world. It is a bit dry so most will be turned off by all the background on lineage and who is to inherit what. But for history buffs it is a good choice, covering all the major events. Jul 05, russell How rated it it was amazing. So two years after I graduate I find the right topic for my thesis. Jul 09, Jon rated it really liked it. I'm being a little mean to Desmond Seward with only three stars. I read by David Howarth around the same time and Howarth's writing makes Seward's serile and dry. That said, Seward gives a well sourced account of the wars that made up the Hundred Years War. He keeps accounts concise and includes enough personal information about the players to explain their behavior, but doesn't get too long-winded. A European Medieval History class would help in getting more out of this book and, unless you' I'm being a little mean to Desmond Seward with only three stars. A European Medieval History class would help in 1337-1453 more out of this book and, unless you're trying to learn about this war, there isn't much reason to read this book. If you are, though, it's a good read. Okay, I'm bumping him up to four stars. Oct 07, Zechy rated it it was amazing Shelves: historywar. Thought about giving this book four stars just because it didn't blow me away, but I really can't think of how this book could be better as an introduction to and an overview of the Hundred Years War. While it didn't A Brief History of the Hundred Years War: The English in France my socks off per se, it was exactly what it claimed to be and exactly what I wanted. Mar 09, Nicole rated it liked it Shelves: history-and-biographyread-inour-personal-librarynonfiction. A very straightforward, linear account of the Hundred Years' War from a decidedly English-as-protagonists-leaning point of view. This isn't a recently written book; I believe the first publishing was As a result, some of the writing comes off as a little 1337-1453 or discordant to today's reader - for example, the author describing Charles VI's queen Isabeau of Bavaria as "sluttish". Read this for a research paper on the battle of Agincourt, but read the entire thing so that I had a background of the entire war. It's very readable A Brief History of the Hundred Years War: The English in France fairly quick. I felt it was lacking something, though, perhaps because it's mostly a military history and does not at all delve into the social implications of the war besides mentioning that there were some. It definitely gave me a very good sense of why the conflict arose and the series of battles that ensued. If, like me, you get a bit mix Read this for a research paper on the battle of Agincourt, but read the entire thing so that I had a background of the entire war. If, like me, you get a bit mixed up about who's who, I'd write names down on a separate piece of paper to keep them straight. Otherwise, it's written clearly and Seward is obviously full of enthusiam. I'm looking forward to reading some of Seward's biographies, especially on Eleanor of Aquitaine. View 1 comment. Feb 08, Hans rated it it was amazing. If you like the French, don't read it. Go read Perroy. This wonderful summary of the great war 1337-1453 medieval Europe is unashamedly pro-England and proud of it. A great introduction to Dark Ages life and warfare. Jun 19, Rich rated it it was amazing Shelves: historycollege. Very well-written and researched history book. Interesting perspectives on Henry V and the other kings. May 02, Jenn rated it really liked it. A fun, engaging, and kind-of-fluffy narrative history of the Hundred Years War. Aug 30, Adam Coombs rated it really liked it. Solid and accessible traditional history of the Years War. Mar 16, Carolina Casas rated it really liked it Shelves: favoriteshistorymedieval-europeworld-medieval-and-renaissance-eraeuropean-royaltymay- augusteuropean-royaltymay-august. At least that is what Desmond Seward believes and he is right. The source of the conflict he points out doesn't stem out merely from Edward III's claim to the French throne on account of his mother being the daughter of one of the most famous and ruthless Capetian monarchs -Philip IV "the Fair" but also from the times of Henry II. More than a claim, it was a question of sovereignty. The A Brief History of the Hundred Years War: The English in France of Bretigny wasn't meant to last and as soon as the French saw an opportunity, they took advantage of it to take the territories they had previously agreed on the English. Henry V's conquest was rapacious and brutal, but no less brutal than his predecessors or his rivals, and yet his death did not mean the end of the English France. Had his brother John, Duke of Bedford lived, or had his wife, Anne of Burgundy not died and he did not marry Jacquetta, France wouldn't have been lost and England would've maintained Burgundy's friendship. Yet amidst all this chaos, new men rose. From all walks of life, war provided them an escape from their daily routine, and many of them including already established wealthy magnates enriched themselves and some rose to become Knights and even Barons as is the case of a John Stourton or Sir John Falstaff who became a Baron as well. I enjoyed the maps and the details that Seward provided about the battles, and was not surprised to see the rapaciousness that all sides of the conflict inflicted on one another, but I was very shocked on some 1337-1453 he drew. Clearly war broke all moral boundaries. Even the Duke of Bedford Henry V's brother as popular as he was in Paris and as much as he was fond of the French people, he was no more ruthless than his predecessors and rivals. The level of violence inflicted by the English and French 1337- 1453 just appalling. The only thing I found confusing and this is my only critique is that he lent credibility to some popular myths such as Edward II dying by a hot poker which has been discounted by many modern historians and saying he was a known homosexual -which is another myth. And also his rednering of Henry V as one of the greatest military geniuses but the worst king in terms of savagery and comparing him to Hitler. If I am not mistaken, the way he described and from what has been said of the other monarchs that went before and after him in this conflict he was no less fanatic. In fact Edward III's were just as palling such as killing denizens of women and children and and the Black Prince's merciless pursuit of his enemies or destroying towns based on the actions of one and what he did to traitors, burning them, cutting them to pieces, etc.

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