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Complementary and Alternative Treatments for Alopecia: a Comprehensive Review
Review Article Skin Appendage Disord 2019;5:72–89 Received: April 22, 2018 DOI: 10.1159/000492035 Accepted: July 10, 2018 Published online: August 21, 2018 Complementary and Alternative Treatments for Alopecia: A Comprehensive Review Anna-Marie Hosking Margit Juhasz Natasha Atanaskova Mesinkovska Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA Keywords Introduction Alopecia · Complementary and alternative medicine · Efficacy According to the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH), a branch of the Nation- al Institutes of Health (NIH; Bethesda, MD, USA), more Abstract than 30% of adults and 12% of children utilize treatments The treatment of alopecia is limited by a lack of therapies developed “outside of mainstream Western, or conven- that induce and sustain disease remission. Given the nega- tional, medicine,” with a total USD 30.2 billion out-of- tive psychosocial impact of hair loss, patients that do not pocket dollars spent annually [1]. In the treatment of alo- see significant hair restoration with conventional therapies pecia, there is an unmet need for therapies providing sat- often turn to complementary and alternative medicine isfying, long-term results. Patients often turn to (CAM). Although there are a variety of CAM treatment op- complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in an tions on the market for alopecia, only a few are backed by attempt to find safe, natural, and efficacious therapies to multiple randomized controlled trials. Further, these mo- restore hair. Although CAMs boast hair-growing poten- dalities are not regulated by the Food and Drug Administra- tial, patients may be disappointed with results as there is tion and there is a lack of standardization of bioactive in- a lack of standardization of bioactive ingredients and lim- gredients in over-the-counter vitamins, herbs, and supple- ited scientific evidence. -
WO 2014/167554 A2 16 October 2014 (16.10.2014) P O P C T
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2014/167554 A2 16 October 2014 (16.10.2014) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every A61K 47/10 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, (21) International Application Number: BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, PCT/IB20 14/060675 DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (22) International Filing Date: HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, 12 April 2014 (12.04.2014) KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, (25) Filing Language: English OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, (26) Publication Language: English SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, (30) Priority Data: zw. 1103/DEL/2013 12 April 2013 (12.04.2013) IN (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (71) Applicant: VYOME BIOSCIENCES PVT. LTD. kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, [IN/IN]; 459 F.I.E, First Floor, Patparganj Industrial Area, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, New Delhi 110092 (IN). -
Pharmacology – Inhalant Anesthetics
Pharmacology- Inhalant Anesthetics Lyon Lee DVM PhD DACVA Introduction • Maintenance of general anesthesia is primarily carried out using inhalation anesthetics, although intravenous anesthetics may be used for short procedures. • Inhalation anesthetics provide quicker changes of anesthetic depth than injectable anesthetics, and reversal of central nervous depression is more readily achieved, explaining for its popularity in prolonged anesthesia (less risk of overdosing, less accumulation and quicker recovery) (see table 1) Table 1. Comparison of inhalant and injectable anesthetics Inhalant Technique Injectable Technique Expensive Equipment Cheap (needles, syringes) Patent Airway and high O2 Not necessarily Better control of anesthetic depth Once given, suffer the consequences Ease of elimination (ventilation) Only through metabolism & Excretion Pollution No • Commonly administered inhalant anesthetics include volatile liquids such as isoflurane, halothane, sevoflurane and desflurane, and inorganic gas, nitrous oxide (N2O). Except N2O, these volatile anesthetics are chemically ‘halogenated hydrocarbons’ and all are closely related. • Physical characteristics of volatile anesthetics govern their clinical effects and practicality associated with their use. Table 2. Physical characteristics of some volatile anesthetic agents. (MAC is for man) Name partition coefficient. boiling point MAC % blood /gas oil/gas (deg=C) Nitrous oxide 0.47 1.4 -89 105 Cyclopropane 0.55 11.5 -34 9.2 Halothane 2.4 220 50.2 0.75 Methoxyflurane 11.0 950 104.7 0.2 Enflurane 1.9 98 56.5 1.68 Isoflurane 1.4 97 48.5 1.15 Sevoflurane 0.6 53 58.5 2.5 Desflurane 0.42 18.7 25 5.72 Diethyl ether 12 65 34.6 1.92 Chloroform 8 400 61.2 0.77 Trichloroethylene 9 714 86.7 0.23 • The volatile anesthetics are administered as vapors after their evaporization in devices known as vaporizers. -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,603,526 B2 Tygesen Et Al
USOO8603526B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,603,526 B2 Tygesen et al. (45) Date of Patent: Dec. 10, 2013 (54) PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS 2008. O152595 A1 6/2008 Emigh et al. RESISTANT TO ABUSE 2008. O166407 A1 7/2008 Shalaby et al. 2008/0299.199 A1 12/2008 Bar-Shalom et al. 2008/0311205 A1 12/2008 Habib et al. (75) Inventors: Peter Holm Tygesen, Smoerum (DK); 2009/0022790 A1 1/2009 Flath et al. Jan Martin Oevergaard, Frederikssund 2010/0203129 A1 8/2010 Andersen et al. (DK); Karsten Lindhardt, Haslev (DK); 2010/0204259 A1 8/2010 Tygesen et al. Louise Inoka Lyhne-versen, Gentofte 2010/0239667 A1 9/2010 Hemmingsen et al. (DK); Martin Rex Olsen, Holbaek 2010, O291205 A1 11/2010 Downie et al. (DK); Anne-Mette Haahr, Birkeroed 2011 O159100 A1 6/2011 Andersen et al. (DK); Jacob Aas Hoellund-Jensen, FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS Frederikssund (DK); Pemille Kristine Hoeyrup Hemmingsen, Bagsvaerd DE 20 2006 014131 1, 2007 (DK) EP O435,726 8, 1991 EP O493513 7, 1992 EP O406315 11, 1992 (73) Assignee: Egalet Ltd., London (GB) EP 1213014 6, 2002 WO WO 89,09066 10, 1989 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this WO WO91,040 15 4f1991 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 WO WO95/22962 8, 1995 U.S.C. 154(b) by 489 days. WO WO99,51208 10, 1999 WO WOOOf 41704 T 2000 WO WO 03/024426 3, 2003 (21) Appl. No.: 12/701,429 WO WOO3,O24429 3, 2003 WO WOO3,O24430 3, 2003 (22) Filed: Feb. -
1,1,1-Trichloroethane (CASRN 71-55-6) | IRIS
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Chemical Assessment Summary National Center for Environmental Assessment 1,1,1-Trichloroethane; CASRN 71-55-6 Human health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in the IRIS database only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data, as outlined in the IRIS assessment development process. Sections I (Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects) and II (Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure) present the conclusions that were reached during the assessment development process. Supporting information and explanations of the methods used to derive the values given in IRIS are provided in the guidance documents located on the IRIS website. STATUS OF DATA FOR 1,1,1-Trichloroethane File First On-Line 03/31/1987 Category (section) Assessment Available? Last Revised Oral RfD (I.A.) Acute Oral RfD (I.A.1.) qualitative discussion 09/28/2007 Short-term Oral RfD (I.A.2.) qualitative discussion 09/28/2007 Subchronic Oral RfD (I.A.3.) yes 09/28/2007 Chronic Oral RfD (I.A.4.) yes 09/28/2007 Inhalation RfC (I.B.) Acute Inhalation RfC (I.B.1.) yes 09/28/2007 Short-term Inhalation RfC (I.B.2.) yes 09/28/2007 Subchronic Inhalation RfC (I.B.3.) yes 09/28/2007 1 Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Chemical Assessment Summary National Center for Environmental Assessment Category (section) Assessment Available? Last Revised Chronic Inhalation RfC (I.B.4.) yes 09/28/2007 Carcinogenicity Assessment (II.) yes 09/28/2007 I. Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects I.A. -
What's the Best Treatment for Cradle Cap?
From the CLINIcAL InQUiRiES Family Physicians Inquiries Network Ryan C. Sheffield, MD, Paul Crawford, MD What’s the best treatment Eglin Air Force Base Family Medicine Residency, Eglin Air for cradle cap? Force Base, Fla Sarah Towner Wright, MLS University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Evidence-based answer Ketoconazole (Nizoral) shampoo appears corticosteroids to severe cases because to be a safe and efficacious treatment of possible systemic absorption (SOR: C). for infants with cradle cap (strength of Overnight application of emollients followed recommendation [SOR]: C, consensus, by gentle brushing and washing with usual practice, opinion, disease-oriented baby shampoo helps to remove the scale evidence, and case series). Limit topical associated with cradle cap (SOR: C). ® Dowden Health Media Clinical commentary ICopyrightf parents can’t leave it be, recommend brush to loosen the scale. Although mineral oil andFor a brush personal to loosen scale use noonly evidence supports this, it seems safe Cradle cap is distressing to parents. They and is somewhat effective. want everyone else to see how gorgeous This review makes me feel more FAST TRACK their new baby is, and cradle cap can make comfortable with recommending ketocon- their beautiful little one look scruffy. My azole shampoo when mineral oil proves If parents need standard therapy has been to stress to the insufficient. For resistant cases, a cute hat to do something, parents that it isn’t a problem for the baby. can work wonders. If the parents still want to do something -
Pharmacological Classification of the Abuse-Related Discriminative
Ashdin Publishing Journal of Drug and Alcohol Research ASHDIN Vol. 3 (2014), Article ID 235839, 10 pages publishing doi:10.4303/jdar/235839 Research Article Pharmacological Classification of the Abuse-Related Discriminative Stimulus Effects of Trichloroethylene Vapor Keith L. Shelton and Katherine L. Nicholson Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O. Box 980613, Richmond, VA 23298, USA Address correspondence to Keith L. Shelton, [email protected] Received 10 December 2013; Revised 2 January 2014; Accepted 27 January 2014 Copyright © 2014 Keith L. Shelton and Katherine L. Nicholson. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Inhalants are distinguished as a class primarily based upon common means of administration suggests a homogeneity of a shared route of administration. Grouping inhalants according to mechanism and behavioral effects that may be scientifically their abuse-related in vivo pharmacological effects using the drug unwarranted. As an illustration of the inadequacy of this discrimination procedure has the potential to provide a more relevant classification scheme to the research and treatment community. simplistic taxonomic approach, consider the fact that if a Mice were trained to differentiate the introceptive effects of the similar system was applied to other common drugs of abuse, trichloroethylene vapor from air using an operant procedure. then tobacco, crack cocaine, and marijuana would be treated Trichloroethylene is a chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent once used as a single category. Instead, other classes of abused drugs as an anesthetic as well as in glues and other consumer products. -
Order in Council 1243/1995
PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA ORDER OF THE LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR IN COUNCIL Order in Council No. 12 4 3 , Approved and Ordered OCT 121995 Lieutenant Governor Executive Council Chambers, Victoria On the recommendation of the undersigned, the Lieutenant Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Executive Council, orders that Order in Council 1039 made August 17, 1995, is rescinded. 2. The Drug Schedules made by regulation of the Council of the College of Pharmacists of British Columbia, as set out in the attached resolution dated September 6, 1995, are hereby approved. (----, c" g/J1"----c- 4- Minister of Heal fandand Minister Responsible for Seniors Presidin Member of the Executive Council (This pan is for adnwustratlye purposes only and is not part of the Order) Authority under which Order Is made: Act and section:- Pharmacists, Pharmacy Operations and Drug Scheduling Act, section 59(2)(1), 62 Other (specify): - Uppodukoic1enact N6145; Resolution of the Council of the College of Pharmacists of British Columbia ("the Council"), made by teleconference at Vancouver, British Columbia, the 6th day of September 1995. RESOLVED THAT: In accordance with the authority established in Section 62 of the Pharmacists, Pharmacy Operations and Drug Scheduling Act of British Columbia, S.B.C. Chapter 62, the Council makes the Drug Schedules by regulation as set out in the attached schedule, subject to the approval of the Lieutenant Governor in Council. Certified a true copy Linda J. Lytle, Phr.) Registrar DRUG SCHEDULES to the Pharmacists, Pharmacy Operations and Drug Scheduling Act of British Columbia The Drug Schedules have been printed in an alphabetical format to simplify the process of locating each individual drug entry and determining its status in British Columbia. -
Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling of Infant
AAS Open Research AAS Open Research 2018, 1:16 Last updated: 21 MAY 2018 RESEARCH ARTICLE Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling of infant exposure to efavirenz through breastfeeding [version 1; referees: 1 approved with reservations] Adeniyi Olagunju 1,2, Rajith K. R. Rajoli 2, Shakir A. Atoyebi1, Saye Khoo2, Andrew Owen2, Marco Siccardi2 1Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria 2Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GF, UK v1 First published: 14 May 2018, 1:16 (doi: 10.12688/aasopenres.12860.1) Open Peer Review Latest published: 14 May 2018, 1:16 (doi: 10.12688/aasopenres.12860.1) Referee Status: Abstract Background: Very little is known about the level of infant exposure to many drugs commonly used during breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to Invited Referees develop a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for predicting 1 infant exposure to maternal efavirenz through breastmilk. Methods: A breastfeeding PBPK model combining whole-body maternal and version 1 infant sub-models was constructed from drug-specific and system parameters published report affecting drug disposition using mathematical descriptions. The model was 14 May 2018 validated against published data on the pharmacokinetics of efavirenz in nursing mother-infant pairs. Further simulations were conducted to assess 1 Jeffrey W. Fisher, US Food and Drug exposure in the context of the 400 mg reduced dose of efavirenz as well as Administration, USA best- and worse-case scenarios. Results: The model adequately described efavirenz pharmacokinetics, with over 80% of observed data points (203 matched breast milk and plasma pairs) Discuss this article within the predictive interval. -
Table 1B 2005 Community Prescription Numbers, Together with Government
TABLE 1B 2005 COMMUNITY PRESCRIPTION NUMBERS, TOGETHER WITH GOVERNMENT AND PATIENT COSTS FOR PBS-LISTED DRUGS Table 1B includes an estimate of community (non-public hospital) prescription numbers for the 2005 calendar year, costs (government and patient contribution) for the items with a four digit PBS/RPBS code, together with the defined daily dose (DDD) where assigned. There is no cost information available for items with a five digit Amfac drug code. Table 1 exclude the presentation of information on any item with an estimated community use of less than 110 prescriptions in 2005. The prescription items are arranged by ATC code on generic name, and by form and strength using either the PBS drug code (4 digit) or, for non-PBS items, the Amfac drug code (5 digit). Consult the index (page 255) by generic drug name to obtain the appropriate ATC code. An index by 2nd level of the ATC classification follows: ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM PAGE NO A01 STOMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS 181 A02 DRUGS FOR ACID RELATED DISORDERS 182 A03 DRUGS FOR FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 185 A04 ANTIEMETICS AND ANTINAUSEANTS 187 A05 BILE AND LIVER THERAPY 188 A06 LAXATIVES 189 A07 ANTIDIARRHOEALS, INTESTINAL 191 ANTIINFLAMMATORY/ANTIINFECTIVE AGENTS A08 ANTIOBESITY PREPARATIONS, EXCLUDING DIET PRODUCTS 193 A09 DIGESTIVES, INCLUDING ENZYMES 194 A10 DRUGS USED IN DIABETES 195 A11 VITAMINS 197 A12 MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS 199 A14 ANABOLIC AGENTS FOR SYSTEMIC USE 200 177 BLOOD AND BLOOD FORMING ORGANS B01 ANTITHROMBOTIC AGENTS 201 B02 ANTIHAEMORRHAGICS 203 B03 -
Federal Register/Vol. 71, No. 34/Tuesday, February 21, 2006
Federal Register / Vol. 71, No. 34 / Tuesday, February 21, 2006 / Notices 8859 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND of the Public Health Service Act to HUMAN SERVICES HUMAN SERVICES conduct directly or by grants or contracts, research, experiments, and Office of the National Coordinator; Office of the National Coordinator; demonstrations relating to occupational American Health Information American Health Information safety and health and to mine health. Community Chronic Care Workgroup Community Consumer Empowerment The BSC shall provide guidance to the Meeting Workgroup Meeting Director, NIOSH on research and prevention programs. Specifically, the ACTION: Announcement of meeting. ACTION: Announcement of meeting. board shall provide guidance on the institute’s research activities related to SUMMARY: SUMMARY: This notice announces the This notice announces the developing and evaluating hypotheses, third meeting of the American Health third meeting of the American Health Information Community Consumer systematically documenting findings Information Community Chronic Care and disseminating results. The board Workgroup in accordance with the Empowerment Workgroup in accordance with the Federal Advisory shall evaluate the degree to which the Federal Advisory Committee Act (Pub. activities of NIOSH: (1) Conform to L. 92–463, 5 U.S.C., App.) Committee Act (Pub. L. 92–463, 5 U.S.C., App.) appropriate scientific standards, (2) DATES: March 22, 2006 from 1 p.m. to address current, relevant needs, and (3) DATES: March 20, 2006 from 1 p.m. to 5 p.m. produce intended results. 5 p.m. ADDRESSES: Hubert H. Humphrey Matters to be Discussed: Agenda items ADDRESSES: Hubert H. Humphrey Building (200 Independence Ave., SW., include a report from the Director, Building (200 Independence Ave., SW., Washington, DC 20201), Conference NIOSH; progress report by BSC working Washington, DC 20201), Conference Room 705A. -
Additional Drug Coverage
Additional Drug Coverage Additional prescription drug coverage Your plan includes extra coverage for certain drugs and supplies as shown below. This is not a complete list of prescription drugs and supplies covered by our plan. For a complete list, please call Customer Service toll-free at (866) 868-0609 (TTY: 711), 7 a.m. – 7 p.m. CT, Monday – Friday and 7 a.m. – 3 p.m. CT, Saturday. Lower-cost Medicare prescription drugs and supplies Your plan covers some of your Medicare prescription drugs and supplies at a $0 copay. If you have questions, call us toll-free at (866) 868-0609 (TTY: 711), 7 a.m. – 7 p.m. CT, Monday – Friday and 7 a.m. – 3 p.m. CT, Saturday. These drugs and supplies are part of your Medicare prescription drug coverage.1 Breast cancer preventive medications PEG-3350/NaCl/Na Bicarbonate/KCl TriLyte Anastrozole Exemestane Certain diabetic supplies for the Raloxifene administration of insulin Tamoxifen Insulin Syringes & Pen Needles Certain cholesterol-lowering medications Shingles vaccine Atorvastatin 10mg & 20mg Tablet Shingrix Lovastatin 10mg, 20mg & 40mg Tablet Zostavax Simvastatin 5mg, 10mg, 20mg & 40mg Tablet Tobacco cessation medications Certain colon prep products Buproban 150mg GaviLyte-C Chantix GaviLyte-G Nicotrol Inhaler PEG-3350/Electrolytes Nicotrol Nasal Spray Y0066_200527_081500_C Lower-cost non-Medicare over-the-counter drugs These drugs are covered in addition to the drugs in your plan’s drug list (formulary).2 Your plan covers these over-the-counter drugs at a $0 copay. Certain colon preparation products Tobacco cessation medications Bisacodyl Tablets Nicotine Gum Magnesium Citrate Solution Nicotine Lozenges Polyethylene Glycol Powder Nicotine Patches 1Information about the appeals and grievance process for these prescription drugs and supplies can be found in your Evidence of Coverage.