An Analysis of Woodward's Contentious
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PUBLICS IN FORMATION: AN ANALYSIS OF WOODWARD’S CONTENTIOUS REDEVELOPMENT, 1995–2002 by Susan Pell Master of Arts, University of Victoria, 2003 Bachelor of Arts, University of Calgary, 1999 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In Special Arrangements © Susan Pell 2010 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Fall 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL Name: Susan Pell Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Title of Thesis: Publics in Formation: An Analysis of Woodward’s Contentious Redevelopment, 1995–2002 Examining Committee: Chair: Dean of Graduate Studies (or designate) ________________________________ ________________________________ Dr. Ian Angus Dr. Cindy Patton Senior Supervisor Supervisor Professor, Humanities Professor, Sociology and Anthropology _____________________________ _________________________________ Dr. Zoë Druick Dr. Samir Gandesha Supervisor Supervisor Associate Professor, Communication Assistant Professor, Humanities ________________________________ ________________________________ Dr. Adrienne Burk Dr. Peyman Vahabzadeh Internal Examiner External Examiner Senior Lecturer, Sociology and Assistant Professor, Sociology Anthropology University of Victoria Date Defended/Approved: 3 December 2010 ii Declaration of Partial Copyright Licence The author, whose copyright is declared on the title page of this work, has granted to Simon Fraser University the right to lend this thesis, project or extended essay to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. The author has further granted permission to Simon Fraser University to keep or make a digital copy for use in its circulating collection (currently available to the public at the “Institutional Repository” link of the SFU Library website <www.lib.sfu.ca> at: <http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/112>) and, without changing the content, to translate the thesis/project or extended essays, if technically possible, to any medium or format for the purpose of preservation of the digital work. The author has further agreed that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by either the author or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for financial gain shall not be allowed without the author’s written permission. Permission for public performance, or limited permission for private scholarly use, of any multimedia materials forming part of this work, may have been granted by the author. This information may be found on the separately catalogued multimedia material and in the signed Partial Copyright Licence. While licensing SFU to permit the above uses, the author retains copyright in the thesis, project or extended essays, including the right to change the work for subsequent purposes, including editing and publishing the work in whole or in part, and licensing other parties, as the author may desire. The original Partial Copyright Licence attesting to these terms, and signed by this author, may be found in the original bound copy of this work, retained in the Simon Fraser University Archive. Simon Fraser University Library Burnaby, BC, Canada Last revision: Spring 09 ABSTRACT This dissertation investigates the concept of public formations through the case study of the contentious redevelopment of the Woodward‘s building in the Downtown Eastside of Vancouver, 1995–2002, focusing on discourses of low- income community (LIC) advocates in the neighbourhood. It draws upon an interdisciplinary body of work that identifies publicity, plurality, and power as key aspects of publics. When applied to a notion of public formations, they are understood as 1) collections of discursive processes that create and sustain a community oriented toward matters of collective concern and as 2) consisting of constitutive practices and relational practices that vary in intention, orientation, and scale. Analyzing documents of the LIC advocates, the City of Vancouver, and the Vancouver Sun, three types of public formation are articulated: emergent, oppositional, and institutionalized. Corresponding to different moments in Woodward‘s redevelopment, the public formations describe various collectivizing and public-making processes inherent in the struggle for social housing. It is argued the LIC advocates‘ transformed Woodward‘s redevelopment into a public issue, and further, these practices are forms of active citizenship, challenging the meaning of belonging in the Downtown Eastside. Keywords: publics, social movements, citizenship, Woodward’s, Downtown Eastside, gentrification Subject Terms: public, social movements iii DEDICATION To Shaunna and Rachel, for keeping me grounded in what is important and expanding what I thought possible. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Though it is known that no work is ever the sole creation of an individual, it has never been more apparent to me than in completing this dissertation. While it bares my name and I take full responsibility for mistakes and misunderstandings in the presentation of its arguments, the success of the ideas are founded on collaboration. In particular, I would like to thank my supervisory committee for supporting my research and providing me a context to pursue this interdisciplinary project. More specifically, I would like to thank Dr. Angus for his warmth and patience, for his help in developing and expanding my intellectual autonomy, and for demonstrating how to be both a dedicated scholar and active citizen; Dr. Patton for being there when I most needed it and for teaching me how to be a decent person; and Dr. Druick and Dr. Gandesha for their keen insights and ready encouragement. I would also like to thank Dr. Froschauer, and the now defunct SFU Centre for Canadian Studies, for providing me with an institutional space and new avenues for intellectual exploration. My research was only possible because I was given access to a diversity of primary documents. For these resources, I would like to thank in particular, Aaron Vidaver for his generosity in providing access to the Friends of the Woodward‘s Squat Archive, for his foresight in collecting and preserving these invaluable documents, and his willingness to read and discuss with me the continuing significance of the Woodward‘s squat. I would like to thank Jim v Leyden for providing me access to documents of the Woodward‘s Social Housing Coalition. Also, I would like to thank the many contributors to the Carnegie Newsletter, an indispensable resource for understanding historical and ongoing issues in the Downtown Eastside and Vancouver, and editor, Paul Taylor, for his commitment to expanding and protecting the voice of the low income residents in the neighbourhood. Lastly, I would like to thank the City of Vancouver archivists, Annie Goodwyne in the City Clerk‘s Office, and Lorna Harvey, assistant to the Development Permit Board, for their fastidiousness in locating and providing free electronic access to early municipal records on Woodward‘s redevelopment. I would not have been able to finish my dissertation (or my degree) without the tireless support and encouragement of my friends, family, and colleagues. In particular, I would like to thank Shaunna Moore and Rachel Gurstein for continuously helping me to work through my ideas (and feelings); David Madden and Scott Uzelman for helping me quickly finish my dissertation within an impossible time frame, and again Rachel for believing it was possible. Also thanks to Alex, Olive, Matt, Trish and Emily for the many shared meals that helped to both sustain and soothe me; and finally Spartacus gym for always being a place where I could escape my head. However, the largest thanks go to the low-income community advocates in the DTES for their commitment to expanding and deepening the project of social justice. This research is done in remembrance and recognition of the various and unequal effects experienced by different groups in the redevelopment of our vi communities, and with the wish that the spirit of respect, mutual aid, and love will continue to emerge and renew these places. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Approval ......................................................................................................................... ii Abstract ......................................................................................................................... iii Dedication ..................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................... v Table of Contents ....................................................................................................... viii List of Tables ................................................................................................................ xi 1: Introduction – Public Formations and the Analysis of Woodward’s Redevelopment .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Account of the Project, Concepts, and Arguments ................................................... 1 1.2 Contributions to Existing Research .......................................................................