Information and Photos from Clemson University Bugket List Design by Rachel Thompson, Arlitt Graduate Assistant

BUG- KeT

Information and photos from Clemson University BUGket List Design by Rachel Thompson, Arlitt Graduate Assistant

Table of Contents

Aranea (spiders) ...... 4 Caddisfly (mothlike insect)...... 8 Coleopetra (beetles)...... 9 Diptera (true flies)...... 17 Ephemeroptera (mayfly)...... 19 Hemiptera (true bugs)...... 20 Hymenoptera (sawflies, wasps, bees, ants)...... 25 Isopoda (pill bug)...... 28 Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies)...... 29 Mantidae (praying mantis)...... 30 Mecoptera (scorpionflies)...... 31 Megaloptera (alderflies, dobsonflies, fishflies)...... 32 Neuroptera (net-winged insects)...... 33 Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies)...... 35 Opiliones (harvestmen)...... 37 Orthoptera (grasshoppers, locusts, crickets)...... 38 Phasmidae (stick insects)...... 39 Polydesmida (millipedes)...... 40 Index...... 41 References...... 42

This is a list of bugs, insects, and spiders that you can find outside around your house and in nearby areas, such as around woods and ponds! Here are some photos and descriptions of these critters as well as tips on where to find them!

Check it out!

ARANEA

ARROW -SHAPED MICRATHENA

These spiders have yellow bodies with red or black edges on their sides. They are orb-weaving spiders, meaning they make round orb webs. Look for them in moist woods and

edges of gardens!

BOWL AND DOILY SPIDER

Look for a spider web that is

shaped like a bowl on a saucer, and you have found the bowl

and doily spider!

These spiders are commonly

found in bushes around homes and in gardens. 4

FISHING SPIDER

These are very large spiders

found around water, and they

look like big wolf spiders. They

can walk on top of water and

dive under the water!

GOLDENROD CRAB SPIDER

These spiders can change color slowly to match the flower they are sitting on, and they hold their legs in a crab-like posture. They are commonly found on flowers, especially yellow and white flowers.

JUMPING SPIDER

These spiders have large

eyes and very short legs, and

there are many different

species colored greens, reds

and blues. They jump on their

prey and are often found on

decks, porches, picnic tables

and gardens.

LONG -JAWED ORBWEAVER

These are orb-weaving spiders that spin their webs near water.

They have long jaws that

cannot puncture your

fingers.

WOLF SPIDER

These are large hairy brown spiders with long legs. These spiders do not make webs, and they can be found on the ground in grassy or wooded areas.

YELLOW GARDEN SPIDER

These are large yellow and black orb-weaving

spiders. They are often found in gardens and

under houses. 7

CADDISFLY

CADDISFLY These are small to medium in size and usually hold their wings like a tent over their bodies and long antennae.

COLEOPTERA

AMERICAN CARRION BEETLE

These have a yellow plate with a black dot. They can be found under a rotting dead animal because they eat the flesh and the surrounding maggots.

CATERPILLAR HUNTER These beetles have metallic green abdomens and steel-blue heads and thoraxes. If threatened, they can release a strong smell and can bite.

These are usually seen scurrying across the ground searching for caterpillars. They can be found on tree trunks and in gardens. 9

DOGBANE LEAF BEETLE

These are almost metal looking

with colors of copper, gold,

green and blue. They are

named after the plant they eat.

They can be found sitting out in

the open showing no fear or in

wet areas in field and roadsides

where the Dogbane plant

grows.

DUNG BEETLE

They can be found around cow,

pig or horse manure, which they

eat and use to lay eggs in.

These beetles have dark, round bodies, and six legs. They have long flying wings that are folded under their hard, protective

covers. 10

EYED ELATER

These have large fake eye spots on the back of their thorax that are meant to scare predators away by making them look too big to eat. They are slow moving, making them easy to catch. These can be found near freshly cut or pruned oak logs or resting on sides of trees.

FORKED FUNGUS BEETLE

These are small,

crazy-looking beetles that are brown, bumpy and have two horns. They can be found on shelf fungi, and they are active at night.

GRAPEVINE BEETLE

These have four spots on each side and feather-like fans on the ends of their antennae. They can be found during day light on grapevines.

GREEN JUNE BUG

These have a green top and gold

sides, and they have tiny horns on

their heads that are used to

puncture the skin of fruit.

These beetles can be found

eating grapes and other

skinned fruits.

LOCUST BORER

These beetles have long

horns and mimic hornets,

which you can tell by

finding their W-shaped

marking. They can be

found in weedy fields on

yellow flowers, such as goldenrod flowers.

RED MILKWEED BEETLE

These are red and black beetles with long dark antennae. The bright red color means they are poisonous to eat, but are fine to handle. They make squeaking noises when handled.

SOLDIER BEETLE

These are long slender beetles that are often mistaken for Fireflies. All three of their body parts are the same width, colored black and orange.

They can be found on flowering plants such as asters

and goldenrod.

STAG BEETLE

These are large with very long horns. These beetles can fly,

although the females rarely fly. They can be found near

woods around rotten logs.

SWAMP MILKWEED LEAF BEETLE

These are red and black and use their colors to warn birds and other animals not to eat them. They can be found on milkweed leaves, just like it says in their name.

TIGER BEETLE

These have long jaws and large eyes,

and can be metallic purple, black, red

or green or grey or white, and many

have spots. They can be found on

sandy soils and beaches or places

with bare soil and patches of grass.

TORTOISE BEETLE

These can have a see-through shell or are metallic-looking with red, blue, orange and green colors. These can be found around morning glory or bindweed plants or on potato vines in vegetable gardens.

DIPTERA

CRANE FLY

These look like giant mosquitos, but they are harmless and can’t bite at all. They can be found resting in grassy areas.

HOVERFLY

These look like bees, make a

buzzing sound and have

short, thick nubs for

antennae. They tend to fly up,

down, forward and backward

and stay in one place while

flying. 17

ROBBER FLY

These are large, slender and hairy flies that have large, bulging

eyes and can be up to over an inch long. They can be found

perched vertically on grasses and branches in open areas.

TIGER BEE FLY

These are triangle shaped, and their wings are longer than their bodies. They can be found near wood structures like decks because they parasitize carpenter bees who also hang around wood.

EPHEMEROPTERA

MAYFLY

When mayflies hatch out, they can

be seen in large numbers just about

anywhere near water. These soft

bodied, pale colored bugs can be

recognized by having two or three

long styli at their rear and wings held

above their body like damselflies.

Fish eat them in large

quantities, giving them the

nickname fishflies. They fly

slow enough that you may be

able to catch one in your

hand!

HEMIPTERA

AMBUSH BUG

These have ridges and bumps on their body and have enlarged front legs, making them quite strange- looking. These can be found hiding in flowers in weedy fields. Don’t handle them – their bite is painful.

BROAD -HEADED SHARPSHOOTER LEAF HOPPER

These are little insects with big eyes on a

big head. They can squirt harmless liquid

out of their abdomen to startle predators.

They can be found in gardens and trees.

CICADA In the summer, you know it is time to look for a cicada when the trees are full of loud, buzzing insects. Trees are a necessary part of a cicada’s life. You may see the shed skin of a cicada on the side of a tree before you see an adult. One species comes out of the ground every 17 years, while others hatch out every year.

GIANT WATER BUG

These have large front

legs, and they can swim

and fly. They have a small

tube on their rear that is

used for breathing in

water, but it is not a

stinger. They do bite.

These can be found

around weedy or muddy

pond and lake edges or

around swimming pools at

night. 21

LEAF FOOTED BUG

These are loud, smelly bugs with large fans on their back legs. They have a sucking mouth part which lets them stick into plants. These

can be found in a

vegetable garden.

MEALYBUG

A white crust on limbs of bushes and many other plants is the sugary waste they excrete onto their backs. They feed on the juices of house plants and greenhouse plants. They can be found in warm, moist habitats.

SPITTLEBUG NYMPH

These are cute brown or green bugs that hide in a mass made of small, harmless bubbles that they blow up around their body. They can be found during warm weather on leaves or stems of pine trees, grasses and bushes. Just look for a bubbly mass of whitish “spit”.

WATER SCORPION

These are stick-like bugs with long front legs and a tube that looks like a stinger on the other end. The tube is a “snorkel” used for breathing, not for stinging. These can be found in shallow water in ponds, lakes and rivers around vegetation and algae.

WATER STRIDER

These are able to walk on top of the water on the tips of their six legs.

They glide around quickly by using their middle legs to paddle like a row boat. They can be found in places where the water is calm or slow moving.

WHEEL BUG

These are large, circular dome-shaped bugs that have a straw-shaped mouth folded underneath their body. These can be found in flowers in weedy fields and on milkweed. Don’t handle these – they have a painful bite. 24

HYMENOPTERA

EASTERN CARPENTER BEE

Carpenter bees are different than bumble bees. The easiest way to tell them apart is that the carpenter bee has a shiny black abdomen while bumblebees have hairs and some yellow on their abdomen. Carpenter

bees are usually seen around wooden

homes and decks. The males have a

large white spot on their head and do

not sting. Try handling these white-

spotted bees with your hands!

GIANT ICHNEUMON WASP

These wasps can be up to 10 inches

long, including their long tail that

looks like a stinger – but isn’t! Most

wasps do not have stingers. The

tube that is much longer than the

body of these wasps is an ovipositor

for laying eggs.

MUD DAUBER

These are usually dark colored wasps with slender waists. They all make mud nests on the sides of structures, but different species make different styles of nests.

The black and yellow mud dauber has uniquely yellow banded legs. The organ pipe mud dauber is black with yellow tipped black legs. You might see a mud dauber making a ball of mud at the edge of a mud puddle.

Otherwise, their nests are on porches, in car ports or on the sides of cliffs.

POTTER WASP

These are medium-sized wasps with

yellow or white stripes. Their nests look

like little clay pots with an opening with a lip. If the pot is sealed, there will be a caterpillar inside that the wasp has laid an egg on. These wasps can be found on flowers, and their nests are found on everything from thick grass stems to window screens.

VELVET ANT

These have a bright red hairy body that is a warning that this bug

can deliver a painful sting. Do not handle them, but they will not

attack you. You can enjoy watching them without touching them.

These can be found crawling around on the ground on warm days.

ISOPODA

PILLBUG You may already be familiar

with these and have heard

other names for them such as

“roly poly” or “potato bug”.

These crustaceans are small and grey, and they roll into a ball when you poke them. These can be found everywhere that there is a dark, moist place, including under any rock or log.

LEPIDAOPTERA

HUMMINGBIRD MOTH

These are moths that look like

bumblebees with clear wings

and long straight antennae.

They feed on flowers by

hovering like a hummingbird.

You can find them in the

summer months feeding on

any flowers that bumblebees

would use.

PUDDLE PARTY TIGER Occasionally a large number of butterflies collect in one place and may fly up when you approach. This visible “puddle” attracting the butterflies is either water or urine. The butterflies are getting

vitamins and moisture from the puddle. You will walk up on

puddle parties while being outdoors.

MANTIDAE

PRAYING MANTIS

… They look like they’re praying until they lunge at an insect or

small vertebrate with their raptorial legs. Then, they eat the bug alive! This is one of the few insects that can turn its head and look

over its shoulder. These are commonly found in gardens, yards and

around flowers.

MECOPTERA

SCORPION FLY

These are oddly

shaped and boldly-

colored. They have spotted wings and a tail that will remind you of a scorpion. These bugs have quite the big long, thick jaw! You can find them in early summer in weedy areas near forest edges.

MEGALOPTERA

DOBSONFLY

These are four inches in length

with large jaws and wings that

lie flat. The males have sword-

like jaws almost as long as their

bodies, but cannot bite. The

females have smaller jaws that can deliver a nip. You may find

these on rocks or trees right

next to a stream with clean

water.

HOUSE CENTIPEDE

They have long antennae and one pair of long legs per body segment.

These are relatively harmless and can be found in moist areas outside

and in houses. They eat lots of pests, including bed bugs.

NEUROPTERA

ANT LION These can be found as larvae in dry areas with fine-grained sandy soil throughout the summer and into fall. An antlion larva will bury itself at the bottom of its pit and wait for a small invertebrate to stumble inside. It will then flick grains of sand at its prey so that it tumbles all the way to the bottom, where the antlion grabs it with its jaws and has a meal. The larva is a hideous creature, but changes into an adorably cute damselfly-like adult insect.

GREEN LACEWING

These are small, fragile insects with beautiful wings and golden- colored eyes. If you carefully hold them by their wings, they will feel threatened and release a scent that smells like mothballs.

GREEN MANTIDFLY

These look like a cross between a praying mantis and a lacewing, which looks so cool! They use their front legs to grab at food, and this can be fascinating to watch.

ODONATA

COMMON GREEN DARNER These have a green thorax and a blue abdomen but it may turn darker when it is cold to absorb the heat of the sun. You will see them patrolling like helicopters overhead just about anywhere. Like dragonflies, they hold their wings out to their sides. They can be found around sunny weedy lakes and ponds or fields.

EBONY JEWELWING DAMSELFLY

These are very The female has a white beautiful and can be dot on the end of her found along wooded wings. The color of the areas with creeks or large damselfly can shift rivers. Males are an from gold to green to blue iridescent blue-green to purple to black that glistens in the sun depending on the angle with ebony wings. that sunlight hits the insect’s body.

HALLOWEEN PENNANT DRAGONFLY

These are orange and black, like the name suggests. They are easy to identify because of the orange and black bands on the wings.

They are often out when the

weather is a bit too cool or

rainy for other bugs. These can be found at lakes or ponds

resting on plants at the edge of

the water.

OPILIONES

HARVESTMAN

These creatures are neither insects nor spiders. They have two eyes with eight legs, and their body is not divided into parts, making them look like a tiny football. You will see them waving their front pair of legs around like feelers because their vision is so pour. They are harmless to humans and bob their bodies up and down when bothered. They can be found sitting on leaves of understory vegetation, crossing wooded trails or on flowers in woods and prairies.

ORTHOPTERA

CAMEL CRICKET

These have no wings and do not chirp

like other crickets. Their humped back

and long legs make them easy for you

to identify. They are common in

homes and scare people when they

jump suddenly. They can be

commonly found in dark, moist places

such as in basements or cellars.

TREE CRICKET These are beautiful and slender. They can be found on sides of houses and buildings and on screens and windows. They are attracted to honey on tree trunks or commercial cricket food.

PHASMIDAE

NORTHERN WALKING STICK

We have all walked by thousands of these walking sticks because they are so hard to see. They can be up to seven inches long and are colored green or brown.

They are safe to handle and do not bite. They can be found on oak, hickory, walnut and cherry trees. The southern species, which can be identified by the two stripes down its body, can spray a burning and blinding chemical, so avoid handling these.

POLYDESMIDA

CHERRY MILLIPEDE

These are fun to find because they

tickle when they crawl across your

hands. They smell like maraschino

cherries, which is where their name

comes from. The smell is a defense

chemical, so wash your hands after

handling them. They can be found in

moist woods or under rocks or logs in

the woods. Make sure you know the

difference between millipedes and centipedes before picking them up because centipedes can bite!

Index

Ambush Bug...... 20 Hoverfly...... 17 American Carrion Beetle...... 9 Hummingbird Moth...... 29 Ant Lion...... 33 Jumping Spider...... 6 Arrow-shaped Micrathena...... 4 Leaf Footed Bug...... 22 Bowl and Doily Spider...... 4 Locust Borer...... 13 Broad-Headed Sharpshooter Leaf Long-Jawed Orbweaver...... 6 Hopper...... 20 Mayfly...... 19 Caddisfly...... 8 Mealybug...... 22 Camel Cricket...... 38 Mud Dauber...... 26 Caterpillar Hunter...... 9 Northern Walking Stick...... 39 Cherry Millipede...... 40 Pillbug...... 28 Cicada...... 21 Potter Wasp...... 26 Common Green Darner...... 35 Praying Mantis...... 30 Crane Fly...... 17 Puddle Party Tiger...... 29 Dobsonfly...... 32 Red Milkweed Beetle...... 13 Dogbane Leaf Beetle...... 10 Robber Fly...... 18 Dung Beetle...... 10 Scoprion Fly...... 31 Eastern Carpenter Bee...... 25 Soldier Beetle...... 14 Ebony Jewelwing Damselfly...... 35 Spittlebug Nymph...... 23 Eyed Elater...... 11 Stag Beetle...... 14 Fishing Spider...... 5 Swamp Milkweed Leaf Beetle...... 15 Forked Fungus Beetle...... 11 Tiger Bee Fly...... 18 Giant Ichneumon Wasp...... 25 Tiger Beetle...... 15 Giant Water Bug...... 21 Tortoise Beetle...... 16 Goldenrod Crab Spider...... 5 Tree Cricket...... 38 Grapevine Beetle...... 12 Velvet Ant...... 27 Green June Beetle...... 12 Water Scorpion...... 23 Green Lacewing...... 33 Water Strider...... 24 Green Mantidfly...... 34 Wheel Bug...... 24 Halloween Pennant Dragonfly...... 36 Wolf Spider...... 7 Harvestman...... 37 Yellow Garden Spider...... 7 House Centipede...... 32

REFERENCES

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