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Adaptación Al Cambio Climático En Áreas Protegidas Del Caribe De México

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Adaptación Al Cambio Climático En Áreas Protegidas Del Caribe De México Adaptación al Cambio Climático en Áreas Protegidas del Caribe de México Editores Ignacio J. March Hernando Cabral Yven Echeverría Mariana Bellot Juan Manuel Frausto México 2011 Serie Estrategias de Adaptación al Cambio Climático en Áreas Protegidas de México *Créditos de las fotografías de la portada (de izquierda a derecha y de arriba a abajo): Alejandro Vega Zepeda / CONANP (Cayo Norte, Banco Chinchorro), I. March / TNC (Manglares en Xcalak), Christiana Ferris /TNC (Cenote); C. Ferris / TNC (Playa y estero). Este reporte fue producido dentro del proyecto “Desarrollo de Programas Piloto de Adaptación al Cambio Climático en Áreas Naturales Protegidas del Sureste de México”, el cual se efectúa con el apoyo de: Forma sugerida de citar: March, I.J., Cabral, H., Echeverría, Y., Bellot, M. y J.M. Frausto (eds.), 2011. Adaptación al Cambio Climático en Áreas Protegidas del Caribe de México. Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas, The Nature Conservancy, Fondo Mexicano para la Conservación de la Naturaleza. México. Serie Estrategias de Adaptación al Cambio Climático en Áreas Protegidas de México. No. 1, 109 pp. 2 Número 1: Adaptación al Cambio Climático en las Áreas Protegidas del Caribe de México Autores 1 Ana R. Barragán Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas (CONANP) Luis Bourillón Comunidad y Biodiversidad (COBI) Sophie Calmé ECOSUR / Universidad de Sherbrooke Nataly Castelblanco Amigos de Sian Ka’an Pierre Charruau Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) José Juan Domínguez Calderón Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas (CONANP) Celene Espadas Manrique Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY) José Manuel Espinoza Rodríguez Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México(UNAM) María del Carmen García Rivas Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas (CONANP) Miguel García Salgado Oceanus, A.C. Citlali Garcia Sotelo Comunidad y Biodiversidad (COBI) Aquileo Guzmán Perdomo Instituto Nacional de Ecología SEMARNAT Wady Hadad Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas (CONANP) Héctor Hernández Arena El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR) Víctor Hernández SEDUMA, Gobierno de Quintana Roo Yadira Hernández Gómez Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas (CONANP) Rossana Landa Fondo Mexicano para la Conservación de la Naturaleza Denice Lugo Fondo Mexicano para la Conservación de la Naturaleza Benjamin Morales El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR) Gabriela Nava Martínez El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR) Omar Ortiz Moreno Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas (CONANP) Andrew Rhodes Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas (CONANP) Yareni Perera Romero Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas (CONANP) Celia Pigueron Comisión Intersecretarial sobre Cambio climático (SEMARNAT) Carmen Pozo El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR) Victoria Romero Hernández Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas (CONANP) Isael Victoria Salazar Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México(UNAM) Fernando Secaira The Nature Conservancy Nuno Simoes Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México(UNAM) Francisco Ursúa Guerrero Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas (CONANP) Nuria Torrescano Valle El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR) Mirna Valdez Hernández El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR) Rogel Villanueva Gutiérrez El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR) 1 En orden alfabético. 3 Serie Estrategias de Adaptación al Cambio Climático en Áreas Protegidas de México C o n t e n i d o Página Presentación ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Agradecimientos ................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Resumen Ejecutivo ............................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Introducción ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 a) Descripción breve del complejo de áreas naturales protegidas en el Caribe de México. ..................................................................... 9 b) Los impactos del cambio climático global ........................................................................................................................................... 11 c) El papel de las Áreas Protegidas. ......................................................................................................................................................... 18 d) Estrategias de adaptación al CCG para contribuir a la conservación .................................................................................................. 19 1. Impactos potenciales del cambio climático sobre la biodiversidad del Caribe Mexicano ................................................................. 23 1.a) Gran Acuífero Cárstico de la Península de Yucatán. ......................................................................................................................... 23 1.b) Selvas Medianas y Bajas. .................................................................................................................................................................. 25 1.c) Arrecifes de Coral, Pastos Marinos y Macroalgas. ............................................................................................................................ 26 1.d) Manglares y Humedales Costeros .................................................................................................................................................... 31 1.e) Dunas y Playas Arenosas .................................................................................................................................................................. 35 2. Amenazas que pueden exacerbarse en el contexto del cambio climático ........................................................................................ 37 3. Respuestas humanas potenciales ante los impactos probables del cambio climático ...................................................................... 38 4. Recursos naturales y actividades humanas potencialmente vulnerables al CC ................................................................................. 39 5. Estrategias Generales de Adaptación para la Conservación de la Biodiversidad y la Sustentabilidad .............................................. 40 5.a) Gran Acuífero Cárstico de la Península de Yucatán. ......................................................................................................................... 41 5.b) Selvas Medianas y Bajas. .................................................................................................................................................................. 42 5.c) Arrecifes de Coral, Pastos Marinos y Macroalgas. ............................................................................................................................ 43 5.d) Manglares y Humedales Costeros .................................................................................................................................................... 44 5.e) Dunas y Playas Arenosas .................................................................................................................................................................. 45 5.f) Estrategias regionales ....................................................................................................................................................................... 45 5.g) Integración de estrategias en un Programa de adaptación para el complejo de áreas protegidas en el Caribe de México. ........... 47 6. Perspectivas para el Monitoreo ...................................................................................................................................................... 52 6.a) Gran acuífero acuífero cárstico y selvas medianas y bajas. .............................................................................................................. 53 6.b) Arrecifes, pastos marinos y macroalgas. .......................................................................................................................................... 54 6.c) Manglares y humedales costeros ..................................................................................................................................................... 55 6.d) Dunas costeras y playas arenosas .................................................................................................................................................... 56 Conclusiones ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 56 Referencias ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 60 Anexos................................................................................................................................................................................................ 74 Anexo 1.- Diagrama que sintetiza el proyecto .......................................................................................................................................
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