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Digging4data Digging4Data How to do research on the built environment in Indonesia, 1620-1950 Huib Akihary Nadia Purwestri Pauline K.M. van Roosmalen Digging4Data How to do research on the built environment in Indonesia, 1620-1950 Huib Akihary Nadia Purwestri Pauline K.M. van Roosmalen 2 — Colophon Authors Huib Akihary, Rotterdam Nadia Purwestri / Indonesian Documentation Centre for Architecture (PDA), Jakarta Pauline K.M. van Roosmalen / PKMvR heritage research consultancy, Amsterdam Graphic Design En Publique, Utrecht Project Management Johan van Langen / National Archives of the Netherlands (NA), The Hague Risma Manurung / National Archives of Indonesia (ANRI), Jakarta Jinna Smit / Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (RCE), Amersfoort Hasti Tarekat / Heritage Hands On, Amsterdam Commissioned and published by Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (RCE), Amersfoort National Archives of the Netherlands (NA), The Hague Co-funding Marinus Plantema Foundation, Heemstede Distribution National Archives of Indonesia (ANRI), Jakarta Indonesian Documentation Centre for Architecture (PDA), Jakarta Key words: research, architecture, planning, VOC, colonial, Dutch, Indonesia Jakarta, The Hague, Amersfoort, 2017 (Revised edition) ISBN: 9789059090507 The content in this document is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Licensees may copy, distribute, display and perform the work and make derivative works and remixes based on it only if they give the authors the credits in the following manner: Huib Akihary, Nadia Purwestri, Pauline K.M. van Roosmalen, Digging4Data: How to do research on the built environment in Indonesia, 1620-1950 (2016), CC-BY 4.0 licensed. More information about this license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/. Contents 3 — About the authors 5 Introduction 7 Doing research 8 Research steps 11 Step 1: Defining your research question(s) 12 Step 2: Identifying collections and sources 16 Step 3: What collections and sources to use and why 20 Step 4: How to use sources 22 Step 5: Interpreting sources 23 Step 6: Filing and referencing sources and data 26 Case studies 29 Case study 1: Ministry of Finance Heritage Building in Jakarta 30 Case study 2: Pawnshop Museum in Sukabumi 42 Case study 3: Medan’s Warenhuis in Medan 48 Selected bibliography 54 Selected online sources 58 Illustrations 59 4 — About the authors 5 — Ir. Nadia Purwestri is an architect who has undertaken a Drs. Huib Akihary is an art and architectural historian large amount of research on heritage buildings and who and writer of several books and publications. His book is active in the field of the conservation of built heritage Architectuur en Stedebouw in Indonesië 1870-1970 is the in Indonesia. She graduated from Tarumanagara first overview of the shared architectural heritage in University in 1994, is the co-founder of Pusat Indonesia. Presented in Jakarta in 1988 at the seminar Dokumentasi Arsitektur (PDA, Indonesian Centre for ‘Change and Heritage in Indonesian Cities’, a second Architecture Documentation), serving as its Executive edition of the book was published in 1990. His second Director. She is experienced in making inventories, book, J.F.L. Ghijsels. Architect in Indonesia 1910-1929 was collecting documentation and research on heritage published in 1996. Akihary studied at the Bandung buildings and historical districts. Purwestri has (co) Institute of Technology in 1984 and holds a MA in the published several books; for example, Gedung Balaikota History of Art and Architecture from the University of Jakarta. Jalan Merdeka Selatan No. 8 (about Jakarta’s town Amsterdam. In the 1990s, Akihary conducted research hall), Rumah Hindia di Tepi Sungai (about Dutch waterfront for the Rijksdienst Monumentenzorg in Zeist. In the houses in Indonesia), Warisan De Javasche Bank (about the following years, he worked as an art historian for several first head office of the current Bank Indonesia), Tegang Dutch museums in the field of conservation and Bentang. Seratus Tahun Perspektif Arsitektural di Indonesia restoration. From 2009 until 2012, Akihary was director (an overview of 100 years architecture in Indonesia), and of Museum Maluku in Utrecht. In 2012, Akihary returned Inventory and Identification of Forts in Indonesia. to his old field of expertise: researching shared heritage of Indonesia while writing and lecturing at Indonesian Dr. Pauline K.M. van Roosmalen holds a MA in the universities. History of Art and Architecture from the VU University in Amsterdam and a PhD in History of Architecture and Town Planning from Delft University of Technology. She also holds an MA in Contemporary Dance from Codarts in Rotterdam. Van Roosmalen’s PhD-thesis is the first comprehensive study of late and post-colonial planning in Indonesia. Van Roosmalen regularly lectures and publishes her research. Recent articles include ‘Bouwen in turbulente tijden. Het werk van Ingenieurs- Bureau Ingenegeren-Vrijburg (IBIV) (1936-1957)’, ‘Netherlands Indies Indian town planning: An agent for modernisation’, ‘Confronting built heritage: Shifting perspectives on colonial architecture in Indonesia’ and ‘The Dutch East Indies: An Ineffective Shot Across The Bows’ about the Bandung entry to the CIAM 4 Exhibition in 1934. Van Roosmalen is the founder and director of PKMvR heritage research consultancy. PKMvR focuses on the many issues related to (colonial) built heritage: research, presentation, communication, preservation and development. In addition to her work for PKMvR, Van Roosmalen peer reviews for various international journals and acts as guest lecturer at Delft University of Technology. At Delft, she initiated and managed the development of a repository for sources on European colonial architecture and town planning. 6 — Introduction 7 — In the last decade, a growing number of Indonesian Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (Rijksdienst professionals have been engaged in the study of the built voor het Cultureel Erfgoed: Jean-Paul Corten, Jinna Smit), heritage of Indonesia’s historic inner cities. The economic the National Archives of the Netherlands (Nationaal centre of such cities has shifted from the old town Archief: Johan van Langen, Frans van Dijk), Heritage centres to newer parts of the city. The empty buildings Hands On (Hasti Tarekat) and experts Huib Akihary and and public spaces that been abandoned are in need of Pauline K.M. van Roosmalen. The Shared Cultural new allocations and redevelopment. The heritage-led Heritage Policy of the Netherlands Government was also development of historical inner cities requires a thorough instrumental, providing a framework and funding for the understanding of the history of buildings and urban sustainable preservation of the heritage shared by the planning. It is therefore extremely important to collect Netherlands with several partner countries. Indonesia and analyse historical data in order to integrate these and the Netherlands have successfully collaborated into planning processes. within this framework since 2009. On 27 and 28 October 2014, the National Archives of Digging4Data was written by three authors: Dutch Indonesia (Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia, ANRI) architectural historians, publicists and experts in the field hosted the workshop ‘Collecting and Connecting: of colonial architecture and town planning in Indonesia, Historical Data for Inner City Development’. Building Pauline K.M. van Roosmalen and Huib Akihary. During upon the growing awareness in Indonesia of the benefits the workshop ‘Collecting and Connecting: Historical Data of combining heritage conservation and urban for Inner City Development’, their systematic and hands- development, the workshop aimed at bridging the gap on approach on how to undertake research on the built between theory and practice. In reality, as indicated by environment was much appreciated by the participants. professionals from government institutions, NGOs and Through this tool kit, they are sharing their experience universities in Indonesia, knowledge on how to collect with a wider audience. The third author, Nadia Purwestri, and manage historical data was lacking. Obviously, the has been involved in numerous architectural heritage workshop provided only the first few steps in addressing projects. Drawing on her experiences with heritage this deficiency rather than offering a final solution. conservation and urban planning practices in Indonesia, During the evaluation of the workshop, the participants she has ensured that this tool kit will meet the needs of signalled the need for a guideline to support researchers in Indonesia. professionals undertaking archival research for the sake of heritage conservation and inner city revitalization; and it was at this very moment that Digging4Data: How to do research on the built environment in Indonesia, 1620-1950 was initially conceived. This publication is a practical tool kit that describes how to collect and manage historical data. The goal is to support research on the built environment: buildings, town plans, landscape, infrastructure, garden architecture and interiors. The tool kit focuses on the skills required to carry out research on the built heritage and environmental planning during the Dutch presence in Indonesia, c. 1620 to 1950, ranging from the buildings of the VOC (Dutch East India Company) period through to the modern urban planning of the 1940s. In addition, although this tool kit responds to a need expressed by architects, urban planners and government officials, it is intended
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