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AM44-Chronique Bibli.Indd Chronique bibliographique Revue d’histoire de Monaco | 2020 323 Chronique bibliographique Comptes rendus Michaël BLOCHE, Vincent du mariage en 1715 de la princesse héritière avec MAROTEAUX (dir.), Les un descendant de la riche et ancienne famille princes de Monaco en Nor- d’Estouteville. En effet, le prince Antoine Ier de mandie. Des Estouteville Monaco, n’ayant que des filles, avait recherché aux Grimaldi, seigneurs de un parti digne de la main de sa fille aînée Louise- Valmont. Rouen, Archives Hippolyte, à laquelle la Principauté allait revenir départementales de la en succession légitime. Le choix demandait des Seine-Maritime, 2019, 268 p. précautions politiques ; l’éventuel promis devait avoir assez de mérite, de dignité sociale et de Aux Archives départementales de la fortune, sans toutefois être d’un trop haut rang Seine-Maritime, à Rouen, s’est tenue à l’automne qui aurait pu dans l’avenir servir de prétexte 2019 une exposition consacrée aux possessions à une incorporation dans le royaume. L’élu qu’avaient détenues les princes de Monaco fut Jacques de Goyon-Matignon (1689-1751), dans les provinces normandes au cours du XVIIIe lieutenant du roi en Normandie, gouverneur siècle. Elle était placée sous le haut patronage de Cherbourg et Granville, maître de camp de de S.A.S. le Prince Albert II. Ce volume reproduit cavalerie. Le contrat de mariage, examiné et les documents d’archives et d’images exposés agréé par Louis XIV, obligeait l’époux à prendre le et en présente des commentaires historiques nom de Grimaldi, duc de Valentinois, et à prendre dans de copieuses notices érudites dues à treize rang dans la succession à la dignité de prince. différents chercheurs, médiévistes, modernistes Le mariage fut heureux ; le couple prit résidence et historiens d’art. L’ouvrage est publié sous la au château de Torigni en Cotentin, plutôt que direction de Vincent Maroteaux, conservateur dans celui de Valmont dont les hautes murailles général, directeur des Archives départementales paraissaient à cette génération un sinistre séjour. de Seine Maritime, et de Michaël Bloche, À la mort prématurée de la princesse en 1731, conservateur, directeur adjoint. Trois grandes son époux devint sous le nom de Jacques Ier, parties étudient successivement l’histoire de la prince de Monaco. famille d’Estouteville et de ses terres depuis le XIe Les domaines normands, que le mari jusqu’au XVIIIe siècle, le passage de cet héritage apportait en 1715 ou plus tard, comprenaient des Matignon aux Grimaldi et enfin la situation les terres du duché d’Estouteville en Pays de de ces domaines normands au cours des XVIIIe Caux et le comté de Torigni en Cotentin, chacun et XIXe siècles. de ces ensembles fonciers étaient issus d’une Les très anciens liens frontaliers longue histoire que ce volume sait raconter et et commerciaux de la principauté avec la documenter avec une généreuse érudition. Provence, l’expulsion de la garnison espagnole, Estouteville est un village proche récompensée en 1642 par la concession du duché de Fécamp. Un sire d’Estouteville avait été de Valentinois et d’autres titres seigneuriaux et compagnon de Guillaume le conquérant. fonciers dans des provinces françaises avaient Un descendant fonda en 1169 l’abbaye ancré le prince de Monaco dans une forte alliance bénédictine de Notre-Dame de Valmont qui avec le roi de France. Les biens des Grimaldi dans devint la nécropole de la famille. Dès le règne ce royaume se situaient en Provence, Dauphiné de Charles V, les comtes d’Estouteville avaient et Auvergne. Or, voici qu’au début du XVIIIe siècle choisi la cause du roi de France et combattu cette implantation patrimoniale connaissait une contre les prétentions anglaises. Ils en furent extension exceptionnelle dans les campagnes récompensés sous le règne de Charles VII. L’un de la Normandie. Cet épisode singulier résultait d’eux Guillaume d’Estouteville, archevêque de Revue d’histoire de Monaco | 2020 325 Chronique bibliographique Rouen, cardinal en 1439, camerlingue du Saint- À l’occasion de l’exposition de 2019, l’étude des Siège, lança la procédure d’annulation de la archives comptables et notariales, s’ajoutant condamnation de Jeanne d’Arc ; il entreprenait aux travaux de Thomas Fouilleron, a permis la reconstruction de l’église Saint-Augustin à d’en connaître avec précision les montants. Au Rome lorsqu’il y mourut en 1483. Les seigneuries début de son règne, les revenus du territoire de et paroisses des Estouteville, dispersées sur le Monaco montaient à 175 000 livres ; les profits plateau cauchois, furent érigées en duché en des domaines normands rapportaient 124 000 1534. Le bénéficiaire était le comte de Saint- livres, soit 37 000 livres pour Estouteville et Pol, distingué chef de guerre, qui épousait la plus de 80 000 livres pour les possessions du très jeune Adrienne d’Estouteville, héritière de Cotentin. L’ensemble cauchois s’étendait des cette fortune terrienne. Veuve en 1545, elle se environs de Dieppe jusqu’aux abords du Havre. consacra au réaménagement du grand château Il couvrait un millier d’hectares mis en fermages de Valmont et à la décoration de l’église abbatiale. dans une quinzaine d’exploitations dont aucune Elle fit établir au cours des années 1550 dans une ne dépassait cent hectares. Les redevances de chapelle axiale, dite chapelle des Six heures, de caractère seigneurial ne représentaient qu’un splendides verrières figurant sept épisodes de la tiers des recettes ; les plus rentables consistaient, vie de la Vierge. Elles ont été restaurées en 1990. comme à peu près partout dans la France du Sa fille Marie de Bourbon-Vendôme Nord, en droits de mutation et en banalités de épousa en troisièmes noces, en 1566, Louis moulins. S’y ajoutaient des droits honorifiques de d’Orléans. Il portait le titre de duc de Longueville, patronage et nominations à une dizaine de cures. bourg proche de Dieppe, dignité accordée en 1505 Dans les domaines de Basse Normandie, à sa famille descendante de Dunois. Les duchés l’emprise était beaucoup plus vaste, couvrant d’Estouteville et de Longueville, composés tous près de vingt mille hectares sur plus de deux de villages et de terres du Pays de Caux, se soixante paroisses. Là aussi les articles les plus trouvaient réunis par ce mariage. rémunérateurs étaient les fours et les moulins et Un autre accroissement de patrimoine également les coupes de bois dont les profits à la génération suivante résulta de l’union en montaient à plus de 60 % des revenus. 1596 d’Eléonore, duchesse de Longueville, avec Honoré III résidait le plus souvent à l’hôtel Charles de Matignon, comte de Thorigny ou Matignon à Paris, mais il était féru d’anglomanie Torigni, dont les terres étaient sises en Basse et passionné d’agriculture. Attentif aux problèmes Normandie aux abords de Saint-Lô. Le couple d’un propriétaire d’herbages, il veillait aux profits établit sa résidence dans ce château, sis dans de l’élevage des bovins et aussi des chevaux, un paysage de bocage et de grasses prairies. notamment dans le haras qu’il faisait établir à Le titre de Longueville, partagé ensuite dans Torigni dans les années 1770. Il avait en 1735 diverses successions, s’éteignit en 1694. confié la gestion de l’ensemble de ses domaines Jacques de Goyon-Matignon avait dès le de Normandie à un fermier général dans un bail mariage de 1715 apporté les terres du Cotentin, unique. Prenant conscience de la lourde sous- c’est-à-dire la seigneurie d’Hambye et le comté évaluation de ce bail, il y mit fin en 1772 pour de Torigni. L’héritage cauchois, la seigneurie du les terres du Cotentin et en 1786 pour celles du duché d’Estouteville, lui échut en 1725. Devenu Pays de Caux. Les revenus cauchois avaient prince de Monaco en 1731, il abdiqua deux ans connu une croissance remarquable, notamment après en faveur de son fils Honoré III. Celui-ci, grâce aux soins du dernier régisseur Jean Labbé, majeur en 1740, eut le plus long exercice de receveur du domaine, résidant au château l’histoire de la principauté, conservant son titre de Valmont. Les profits des deux ensembles jusqu’à sa mort en 1795. normands avaient pu monter jusqu’à 200 000 Dans sa fortune, la part des domaines de livres. En fait, ces montants devaient couvrir Haute et de Basse Normandie était considérable. des dépenses très élevées de construction et 326 ANNALES MONÉGASQUES | N° 44 Chronique bibliographique entretien des bâtiments, de fonctionnement conserva respectueusement le château de du haras, de rétribution des nombreux agents, Valmont, lui laissant son apparence de forteresse officiers seigneuriaux et domestiques. médiévale. Hélas, le domaine fut revendu Dès l’été 1789, l’abolition des droits en 1824 à un autre riche parisien, le vicomte seigneuriaux réduisit sévèrement les recettes Hocquart, qui entreprit aussitôt de faire abattre et interrompit les travaux qui étaient alors en les enceintes et leurs tours ; Hocquart ne garda cours dans les différents terroirs. Les années que le logis Renaissance, qu’il modifiait au goût révolutionnaires allaient, bien sûr, affecter le sort du jour en maison de villégiature et prolongeait politique des Grimaldi et menacer leurs vies. d’écuries. Quant à l’abbaye de Valmont, devenue Tout d’abord, en dépit des évènements, le prince bien national, elle avait été achetée en 1790 par Honoré put demeurer à Paris, conservant grâce Nicolas Bataille, lui aussi ancien gestionnaire du au « domaine non fieffé » ou « domaine utile » prince. Il se trouve que ce personnage avait un les moyens d’un propriétaire foncier ordinaire. neveu talentueux, Eugène Delacroix (1798-1863). Il échappait aux persécutions politiques grâce Dans son adolescence, le peintre avait séjourné à l’immunité que lui assurait le statut de prince en vacances à Valmont où il était tombé sous le étranger, excipant même de son alliance avec le charme mélancolique des ruines de l’abbatiale ; roi de France contre son voisin le roi de Piémont- il conserva toute sa vie le plaisir d’y dessiner et Sardaigne.
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