Departm-Ents of Instruction

II DEPARTM-ENTS OF INSTRUCTION

COLLEGE OF SCIENCE, LITERATURE, Al';D THE ARTS

FACULTY

GEORGE EDGAR VINCENT, Ph.D., LL.D., President 1005 5th St. S. E. CYRUS NORTHROP, LL.D., President Emeritus 519 1Cth Ave. S. E. JOHN F. DOWNEY,' M.A., C.E., Dean, Professor of Mathematics, Head of Department of Mathematics 1115 :th St. S. E. *ADA LOUISE COMSTOCK, M.A., Dean of Women, Professor of Rhetoric West Sanford Hall MARGARET SWEENEY, Ph.D., Dean of Women, Professor of Rhetoric WILLIAM W. FOLWELL, LL.D., Emeritus Professor of PoIiti~al Science 1020 5th St. S. F. JOHN G. MOORE, B.A., Professor of German, Head of Department (of German 2810 University Ave. S. E. CHARLES WILLIAM BENTON, Litt.D., Professor of the French Language and Literature, Head of Department of Romance Languages 516 9th Ave. S. E. MARIA L. SANFORD, Emeritus Professor of Rhetoric 1050 13th Ave. S. E. JOHN CORRIN HUTCHINSON, B.A., Professor of Greek, Head of Depart- ment of Greek 3806 Blaisdell Ave. JOHN SINCLAIR CLARK, B.A., Professor of Latin Language and Litera- ture 729 10th Ave. S. E. HENRY F. NACHTRIEB, B.S., Professor of Animal Biology, Head of Department of Animal Biology 905 6th St. S. E. DAVID L. KIEHLE, LL.D., Emeritus Professor of Education 266 25th St. N., Portland, Ore. GEORGE BELL FRANKFORTER, Ph.D., Professor of Chemistry, Head of Department of Chemistry 525 E. River Road *WILLIS MASON WEST, M.A., Professor of History, Head of Department of History 1314 6th St. S. E. FRANCIS P. LEAVENWORTH, M.A., Professor of Astronomy, Head of Department of Astronomy 317 17th Ave. S. E. FREDERICK KLAEBER, Ph.D., Professor of Comparative and English Philology, Head of Department of Comparative Philology 616 9th Ave. S. E. JOSEPH BROWN PIKE, M.A., Professor of Latin, Head of Department of Latin 525 10th Ave. S. E.

*Resigned June, 1912. 10 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

CHARLES PETER SIGERFOOS, Ph.D., Professor of Zoology 1023 University Ave. S. E. RICHARD BURTON, Ph.D., Professor of English Literature, Head of Department of English 2109 Blaisdell Ave. JOHN ZELENY, Ph.D., Professor of Physics, Head of Department of Physics 712 1Oth Ave. S. E. SAMUEL G. SMITH, Ph.D., LL.D., Professor of Sociology, Head of Depart- ment of Sociology and Anthropology The Aberdeen, St. Paul GEORGE FRANCIS JAMES, Ph.D., Professor of Education, Head of Depart- ment of Education 316 10th Ave. S. E. NORMAN WILDE, Ph.D., Professor of Philosophy and Psychology, Head of Department of Philosophy and Psychology 901 6th St. S. E. *CARL SCHLENKER, B.A., Professor of German 514 11th Ave. S. E. FRANK MALOY ANDERSON, M.A., Professor of History 1629 University Ave. S. E. ALBERT ERNEST JENKS, Ph.D., Professor of Anthropology 825 5th St. S. E. WILLIAM A. SCHAPER, Ph.D., Professor of Political Science 625 Fulton St. S. E. CHARLES FREDERICK SIDENER, B.S., Professor of Chemistry 1320 5th St. S. E. ALBERT WILLIAM RANKIN, B.A., Professor of Education 916 5th St. S. E. GEORGE NEANDER BAUER, Ph.D., Professor of Mathematics 1115 E. River Road FREDERIC EDWARD CLEMENTS, Ph.D., Professor of Botany, Head of Department of Botany 800 4th St. S. E. tJOHN HENRY GRAY, Ph.D., Professor of Economics and PJlitics. Head of Department of Economics and Political Science 412 Walnut St. S. E. EDWARD VAN DYKE ROBINSON, Ph.D., Professor of Economics 827 7th St. S. E. ALBERT BEEBE WHITE, Ph.D., Professor of History 325 6th Ave. S. E. GISLE BOTHNE, M.A., Professor of Scandinavian Languages and Litera tures, Head of Department of Scandinavian Languages 1105 6th St. S. E. ANDREW ADIN STOMBERG, M.S., Professor of Scandinavian Languages and Literatures 531 Walnut St. S. E. CARLYLE SCOTT, Professor of Music 36 S. 13th St. WILLIAM STEARNS DAVIS, Ph.D.., Professor of Ancient History 806 6th St. S. E. JOSEPH M. THOMAS, Ph.D., Professor of Rhetoric, Head of Department of Rhetoric 623 14th Ave. S. E. JOHN EVENSON GRANRUD, Ph.D., Professor of Latin 605 Delaware St. S. E. CHARLES ALBERT SAVAGE, Ph.D., Professor of Greek 618 12th Ave. S. E. *Absent on leave 1912-13. tAbsent on leave from February I, 1912 to February I, 1913. r -

FACULTY 11

ANTHONY ZELENY, Ph.D., Professor of Physics 613 Fulton St. S. E. CHARLES MARTIN ANDRIST, M.L., Professor of French 706 D~laware St. S. E. FLETCHER HARPER SWIFT, Ph.D., Professor of Education *EDMUND L. BUTTS, Major U. S. A., Professor of Military Science, Head of Department of Military Science and Tactics Hotel Plaza HARDIN CRAIG, Ph.D., Professor of English 421 Union St. S. E. tJ0SEPHINE E. TILDEN, M.S., Professor of Botany 1288 County Road, St. Paul . CARL OTTO ROSENDAHL, Ph.D., Professor of Botany 2191 Commonwpalth Ave., St. Paul WILLIAM H. EMMONS, Ph.D., Professor of Geology, Head of Department of Geology 1120 6th St. S. E. CARL W. THOMPSON, M.A., Associate Professor of Economics and Director of Bureau of Research in Agricultural Economics 1322 6th St. S. E. CEPHAS D. ALLIN, LL.B., M.A., Assistant Professor of Political Science 112 Church St. S. E. JOSEPH W. BEACH, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of English 1801 University Ave. S. E. HENRY A. BELLOWS, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Rhetoric 2318 Grand Ave. S. tEMMA BERTIN, Assistant Professor of French 312 16th Ave. S. E. OSCAR C. BURKHARD, M.A., Assistant Professor of German 610 13th Ave. S. E. WILLIAM HENRY BUSSEY, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Mathematics 8 Melbourne Ave. S. E. FREDERIC K. BUTTERS, B.S., B.A., Assistant Professor of Botany 815 7th St. S. EDWARD A. COOK, B.L., Assistant Professor of Rhetoric 702 4th St. S. E. LOUIS JOSEPH COOKE, M.D., Medical Examiner and Director of Gym- nasium 909 6th St. S. E. IRA H. DERBY, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Chemistry 2157 Commonwealth Ave., St. Paul HAL DOWNEY, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Comparative Histology 800 4th St. S. E' JOHN FRANKLIN EBERSOLE, M.A., Assistant Professor of Economics and Political Science 312 State St. S. E. HENRY ANTON ERIKSON, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Physics 424 Harvard St. S. E. OSCAR W. FIRKINS, M.A., Assistant ProfessorofEnglish 1528 4th St. S. E. DANIEL FORD, M.A., Assistant Professor of Rhetoric 1206 7th St. S. E. FRANCIS C. FRARY, M.S., Assistant Professor of Chemistry 1307 6th St. S. E. JULEST. FRELIN, B.A., Assistant Professorof French 112 Church St. S. E. *Term of service expires September I, 1912. tAbsent on leave 1912-13. :Until June. 1912. 12 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

l<'RANK F. GROUT, M.S., Assistant Professor of Geology and Mineralogy 1202 7th St. S. E. EVERHART P. HARDING, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Chemistry 1316 7th St. S. E. NED L. HUFF, M.A., Assistant Professor of Botany 1708 Como Ave. S. E. ALOIS F. KOVARIK, Ph.D., Assistant Professorof Physics 1105 6th St. S. E. HANS jUERGENSEN, M.A., Assistant Professor of German 1612 11th Ave. S. EDW ARD M. LEHNERTS, M.A., Assistant Professor of Geography 800 4th St. S. E. j AMES BURT MINER, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Psychology 428 Walnut St. S. E. THOMAS WARNER MITCHELL, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Business Administration 1092 15th Ave. S. E. CHARLES W. NICHOLS, M.A., Assistant Professor of Rhetoric 220 Harvard St. S. E. EDWARD E. NICHOLSON, .M.A., Assistant Professor of Chemistry 914 7th St. S. E. WALLACE NOTESTEIN, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of History 112 Church St. S. E. OSCAR W. OESTLUND, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Animal Biology 3616 Lyndale Ave. S. *GEORGE PORTER PAINE, M.A., Assistant Professor of Mathematics 1818 Melbourne Ave. S. E. FRANK M. RARIG, M.A., Assistant Professor of Rhetoric 63 Barton Ave. S. E. SAMUEL N. REEP, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Sociology 602 Essex St. S. E. FREDERICK W. SARDESON, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Paleontology 414 Harvard St. S. E. ROYAL R. SHUMWAY, B.A., Assistant Professor of Mathematics 716 12th Ave. S. E. DAVID FERDINAND SWENSON, B.S., Assistant Professor of Philosophy 3101 16th Ave. S. ANTHONY LISPENARD UNDERHILL, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Mathe- matics 615 6th St. S. E. LOUIS D. H. WELD, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Extension Work in Eco nomics and Political Science HENRY L. WILLIAMS, M.D., Director of Athletics 1313 5th St. S. E. HERBERT H. WOODROW, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Psychology 806 4th St. S. E. JEREMIAH S.·YOUNG, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Political Science 1120 6th St. S. E.

LINCOLN K. ADKINS, M.S., Instructor in Mathematics ARTHUR B. BALCOM, B.S., M.A., Instructor, Extension Wor;, in ECI nomics and Political Science *Resigned June, 1912. FACULTY 13

FRANK W. BLISS, M.S., Instructor in Chemistry 511 15th Ave. S. E. OLIVER BOWLES, M.A., Instructor in Geology 321 19th Ave. S. E. *ANNA M. BUTNER, Director of Physical Training for Women 65 11th St. S. EDITH CLEMENTS, Ph.D., Instructor in Botany 800 4th St. S. E. WILFORD O. CLURE,' B.A., LL.B., Instructor in Rhetoric 209 Pleasant St. S. E. LILLIAN COHEN, M.S., Instructor in Chemistry 415 E. 14th St. JAMES DAVIES, Ph.D., Instructor in German 616 12th Ave. S. E. RENE M. DELAMARE, B.L., Instructor in French 501 8th Ave. S. E. AUSTIN S. EDWARDS, Ph.D., Instructor in Psychology WILLIAM K. FOSTER, LL.M., Assistant Director of Gymnasium 210 Pleasant St. S. E. J. THEODORE GEISSENDOERFER, Ph.D., Instructor in German HALDOR B. GISLASON, B.A., LL.B., Instructor in Rhetoric 217 Harvard St. S. E. WILLIAM H. HUNTER, Ph.D., Instructor in Chemistry 112 Church St. S. E. CHARLES E. JOHNSON, M.A., Instructor in Comparative Anatomy of , Vertebrates 714 16th Ave. S. E. A. WALFRED JOHNSTON, M.A., Instructor in Geology 417 Union St. S. E. JANE KENNEDY, M.D., Medical Supervisor of Women 1778 Humboldt Ave. S. ALFRED E. KOENIG, M.A., Instructor in German 327 6th Ave. S. E. LOUIS W. McKEEHAN, Ph.D., Instructor in Physics CARL M. MELOM, M.A., Instructor in Spanish and French 112 Arthur Ave. S. E. LEON METZINGER, Ph.B., Instructor in German 319 Oak St. S. E. JAMES S. MIKESH, B.A., Instructor in Mathematics 427 12th Ave. S. E. ALICE M. MISZ, M.A., Instructor in Botany 651 Otsego St., St. Paul GEORGE NORTON NORTHROP, M.A., Instructor in English 2213 Grand Ave. LILLIAN L. NYE, :\i.A., Instructor in Chemistry 1625 7th St. S. E. LUTHER WOOD PARKER, M.A., Instructor in French EARL PETTIJOHN, B.A., B.S. Chern., Instructor in Chemistry 3012 James Ave. S. ANNA H. PHELAN, Ph.D., Instructor in Rhetoric 612 10th Ave. S. E. RAYMOND V. PHELAN, Ph.D., Instructor, Extension Work in Economics 612 10th Ave. S. E. RUTH SHEPARD PHELPS, M.A., Instructor in Italian East Sanford Hall ~ARREN T. POWELL, M.A., Instructor in Rhetoric 517 Essex St. S. E. CHARLES H. PRESTON, B.A., Instructor, Extension Work in Economics and Political Science 94 Malcolm Ave. S. E. CARL LEO RAH!I1, Ph.B., Instructor in Psychology 119 Union St. S. E. BERT A. ROSE, Instructor of Band 710 7th St. S. E. JAMES C. SANDERSON, Ph.D., Instructor in Physics 710 13th Ave. S. E. 'fHEOPHILUS H. SCHROEDEL, B.A., Instnlctor in German 800 5th St. S. E. *Until June, 1912. 14 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

RUFUS C. SHELLENBARGER, M.A., Instructor in Physics 1105 6th St. S. E. CHARLES E. SKINNER, M.A., Instructor in Rhetoric 517 Essex St. S. E. HERMON L. SLOBIN, Ph.D., Instructor in Mathematics 2541 HarrietAve. EDGAR K. SOPER, B.A., Instructor in Geology 417 Union St. S. E. WOLDEMAR M. STERNBERG, B.S. in Chern. Eng., Instructor in Chemistry 2109 Lyndale Ave. S. HELEN A. WHITNEY, M.A., Instructor in Rhetoric 4432 Stevens Ave. RICHARD WISCHKAEMPER, M.A., Instructor in Gennan 504 Beacon St. S. E.

ASSISTANTS AND SCHOLARS (STUDENT HELPERS)

C. Roy ADAMS, M.A., Scholar in Economics and Political Science DORIS L. BROWN, B.A., Scholar in Mathematics LOUISE BRUHN, B.A., Scholar in German ARTHUR C. BURKHARD, B.A., Assistant in Gennan H. ARNO DAUM, Scholar in Physics HOMER A. DESMARAIS, B.A., Assistant in French ZOE DONALDSON, Scholar in Rhetoric STANLEY GILLAM, Scholar in Economics and Political Science GLENNE W. GOLDSMITH, B.A., Scholar in Botany HAROLD HANSEN, Assistant in Biology GEORGE L. HARRINGTON, Scholar in Geology and Mineralogy RUTH E. HERMANN, B.A., Scholar in Biology LOUISE E. JENSEN, B.A., Scholar in Botany . PAUL E. KLOPSTEG, B.S., Assistant in Physics HENRY O. LEE, Clerk for Committee on Students' Work ELTA LENART, B.A., Scholar in Rhetoric HYME LOSSE, B.A., Assistant in French DAVIDA MCCASLIN, B.A., Scholar in Rhetoric SOLVEIG M. MAGELSSEN, Scholar in Rhetoric CHARLES A. MANEY, Scholar in Astronomy WILLIAM A. McMANIGAL, B.A., Scholar in Sociology and Anthropology BENJAMIN PALMER, B.A., Scholar in Economics and Political Science RICHARD PURCELL, M.A., Scholar in History MARY K. REELY, Scholar in Rhetoric HELEN A. SANBORN, B.A., Assistant in Biology CLIFFORD G. SCHULTZ, B.A., Scholar in History WILLIAM YALE SMILEY, M.A., Scholar in Sociology and Anthropology AUDREY N. SMITH, M.A., Scholar in Sociology and Anthropology IRA SWANMAN, Scholar in Biology ESTHER L. SWENSON, B.A., Scholar in English CHARLOTTE WAUGH, B.A., Scholar in Botany HULDAH L. WINSTED, B.A., Scholar in Geology and Mineralogy HAZEL WITCH IE, B.A., Theme Clerk in Department of Rhetoric HARTIE E. ZABEL, B.A., Scholar in Comparative Philology BENJAMIN F. ZUEHL, M.A., Scholar in Philosophy and Psychology FACULTY 15

FACULTY COMMITTEES For 1912-13

Admission ot Students whose Credentials are Irregular.-Messrs. SWENSON (320 Folwell Hall), DOWNEY, H. (203 Pillsbury Hall), UNDERHILL (121 Folwell Hall). Advanced Standing.-Messrs. SAVAGE (112 Folwell Hall), ZELENY, A. (20 Physics Building), ALLIN (Mechanic Arts Building). Students' Work.-Messrs. NICHOLSON (104 Chemistry Building,) WHITE (110 Library Building), Miss SWEENEY (313 Folwell Hall), Messrs. WILDE (323 Folwell Hall), BUSSEY (122 Folwell Hall). Program.-Messrs. ANDERSON, CRAIG, GROUT, ROSENDAHL, COOK, E. A. Curriculum.-Messrs. ROBINSON, SIGERFOOS, ERIKSON, PIKE, BAUER, JENKS, SCHLENKER. • Accredited Schools.-Messrs. CLEMENTS, YOUNG, LEHNERT:>. Bulletin.-Messrs. DOWNEY, J. F., STOMBERG, PIERCE. ADMISSION·

Admission is either by certificate or by examination. In eilher case candidates must present: (1) Four years of English, or three years of English accompanied by four years of one foreign language. (2) A major series of three or more units and a minor series of two units, each series chosen from one of the admission groups, B, C. D, E. Either the major or the minor series must be in Mathematips, and both shall not be in the same group. To form a language series, at least two units of the same language must be offered. (3) ERough atlditional work to make in all fifteen units, of which not more than four may be in Group F. Nt) candidate will be admitted with less than fifteen units of the required grade. The Enrollment Committee may, however, authorize substitutions in the list of required subjects to the extent of one unit, in case the candidate did not have an opportunity to take all the required subjects. Certificates from the College Entrance Examination Board and frot;l the State High School Board are accepted under either plan of admission as satisfying the scholarship requirement. No new student will be admitted to the work of the second semester unless he bring from another college a certificate of advanced standing, showing his qualifications to continue the second semester's work.

1. ADMISSION TO THE FRESHMAN CLASS BY EXAMINATION

Entrance examinations are offered at the University during the opening week of the University year. Candidates must pass examina tions in all subjects specified above, except such as may be covered by College Entrance Examination Board or State High School Board certifi cates.

2. ADMISSION TO THE FRESHMAN CLASS BY CERTIFICATE

The following are admitted to the freshman class by certificate: (a) Graduates of a four-year course of a Minnesota State High School or other accredited school in Minnesota, provided they meet the general requirements stated above, and the following special requirements as to grades. (1) The applicant for admission must present to the Registrar the principal's certificate containing his record on all the studies which were *In September, 1913, and thereafter, admission will be governed by the rules here stated; in September, 1912, candidates will be admitted under either this plan or the one stated in the Bulletin for 1911-12, pp. 18-21. ADMISSION GROUPS 17 counted toward graduation. All records shall be entered on this cer tificate as passed, passed with credit, or passed with honor.* To facilitate the operation of this rule, each accredited school is expected to keep its record of standings in these three grades or else show by a printed statement in the record book and in the catalogue of the school, how the marks in use are to be translated into these grades. (2) Candidates for admission on certificate must have an average record in the subjects counted for admission of pass with credit. For the purpose of this average a pass is offset by a pass with honor. Candidates are therefore admitted provided they have at least as many semester marks -of pass with honor as they have semester marks of pass. Candidates entering on certificate shall not be examined for admission on subjects which are lacking or below the required grade, except on presentation tQ the Enrollment Committee of satisfactory evidence that they have done adequate special work in preparation for the examination. A certificate from the principal of the last school attended, or other person approved by the Enrollment Committee, shall constitute satisfactory evidence; and adequate special preparation shall consist of not less than thirty 60-minute hours under competent instruction on each semester subject presented for examination. (See (c), last paragraph.) (b) Graduates of the Advanced Latin and Advanced English courses of the Minnesota State Normal Schools. (c) Graduates of a four-year course of a school in any other state which is accredited to the state university of that state, provided such candidates satisfy all the requirements as to major and minor series, subjects, and gradesdemanded of the graduates of Minnesota High Schools. (See 2 (a) above.) In case the records of any candidate from another state cannot be translated into the grades used in this state, the Enrollment Committee shall order examinations in English and also in three other subjects chosen from three different admission groups. The results of such exam inations shall be final. The examinations authorized under 2 (a) and 2 (c) shall be held at the same time and according to the same schedule as the regular en trance examinations mentioned under 1.

Admission Groups

The term unit means not less than five recitations of forty minutes each per week for a period of thirty-six weeks. In manual sUbjects and kindred courses, it means the equivalent of ten recitation periods per week for thirty-six weeks. *In per cent, these three grades are to be interpreted approximately as follows: (1) In scHools having 6S as a passin!! mark, passed_65.75, passed with credit-75-90, passed with honor-90-100. (2) In schools having 75 as a passing mark, passed_75_S0, passed with credit-S0-90, passed with bouor-90-100. 18 .sCIENCE. LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

Group A: English English, four or three units (a) Principles of rhetoric (b) Practice in written expression in each of the'years of the course, on an average of not less than one hour a week (c) Classics Group B: Foreign Languages Latin- French- Grammar, one unit Grammar, one unit Caesar, four books, one unit Literature, one, two, or three Cicero, six orations, one unit units Virgil, six books, one unit Greek- Spanish- Grammar, one unit Grammar, one unit Anabasis, four books, one unit Literature, one, two, or three units German- Scandinavian Languages Grammar, one unit Grammar, one unit Literature, one, two, or three Literature, one, two, or three units units Group C: History and Social Sciences History- Ancient, to Charlemagne, one Commercial Geography, one-half unit or one unit Modem, from Charlemagne, History of Commerce, one-half one unit or one unit English, one-half unit Economic History of England, Senior American, one-half unit one-half unit American Government, one-half Economic History of the United or one unit States, one-half unit Elementary Economics, one-half unit Group D: Mathematics Elementary Algebra, one unit Solid Geometry, one-half unit Plane Geometry, one unit Trigonometry, one-half unit Higher Algebra, one-half unit Group E: Natural Sciences Physics, one unit Physiology, one-half unit Chemistry, one unit Astronomy, one-half unit Botany, one-half or one unit Geology, one-half un.it Zoology, one-half or one unit Physiography, one-half unit Group F: Vocational Subjects Not to exceed four units may be offered from the following list of vocational subjects, Business Subjects- Business Law, one-half unit AdvancedBookkeeping, oneunit ADMISSION TO ACADEMIC·MEDICAL COURSES 19

Business Arithmetic, one-half Stenography and Typewriting, unit two units Elementary Bookkeeping, one unit Manual Subjects- Freehand Drawing, two units Shop Work, two units Mechanical Drawing, two units Modeling and Wood Carving, Domestic Art and Science, four one unit units Agriculture- One to four units from schools receiving special state aid for Agri culture and also from other schools in which such course in Agriculture is approved by the State High School Board, as fast as the said schools are prepared to offer work in Agriculture. Description of Subjects Accepted for Admission A description of subjects accepted for admission to the University may be found in the Bulletin of General Information, a copy of which will be sent to any address upon application tb the Registrar, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. List of Accredited Schools A list of accredited schools, including State High Schools and private schools, may be found in the Bulletin of General Information, a copy of which will be sent to any address upon application to the Registrar, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

3. ADMISSION TO THE COMBINED ACADEMIC-MEDICAL COURSES The requirements are the same as under 1 and 2 abovE', E'x("ept that two years of Latin are required.

4. ADMISSION TO THE SOPHOMORE CLASS FROM MINNE SOTA STATE NORMAL SCHOOLS Graduates Gf the Advanced Graduate course of a Minnesota State Normal School are admitted with advanced standing equivalent to one year's credit, and receive the degree of Bachelor of Arts upon completing in this College ninety credits; provided they comply with the usual requirements regarding majors and minors on page 32, and with the regulations governing Mathematics for freshmen. Such students will not be permitted to elect Education 5 or 7, Rhetoric 1, or History 1. Individual graduates of the Advanced Latin course (five years) or of the Advanced English course (five years) of a Minnesota State Normal School who, on the basis of maturity and ability, present from the Pres ident of the Normal School certificates of special fitness, will be admitted with advanced standing under the same regulations and proviso. 20 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

This does not include those students of any of the above classes who substitute for the more advanced work of certain courses specialized work in preparation for elementary teaching.

S. ADMISSION TO ADVANCED STANDING This College accepts records from all reputable colleges and univer sities for credit to advanced standing. Such records are accepted as far as they are equivalent to the work done in this College. In bringing records from other institutions, the certiLicate must be upon the official blank of the institution granting the certificate, and should show: (a) The subject studied; if a language, the books read, etc. (b) The time spent upon each subject. (c) Ground covered in laboratory work in case of laboratory sub jects. (d) The result. The exact grades should be stated, accompanied with an explanation of the marking basis employed. Candidates wishing to gain credits for advanced standing by exam ination are allowed examinations without additional charge, providing they be taken within six weeks after matriculating.

6. ADMISSION AS, UNCLASSED STUDENTS Unclassed students are persons of mature years, engaged in teach ing or other occupation, but registered either without having satisfied the entrance requirements, or for less than eleven credit-hours of work. Only by permission of the Committee on Admission of Students whose Credentials are Irregular and upon the presentation of satisfactory reasons for not taking the regular course will an applicant be admitted as an unclassed student. Unless he take the same examinationsorpresent the same credentials as are required of those who enter the freshman class he can be admitted only upon vote of the Faculty. A new appli cation must be made each semester to the Committee on Students' Work. No student will be admitted as unclassed after the fourth week.

7. ADMISSION TO STUDY MUSIC Students who enter the University for the express purpose of study ing Music, must take the same examinations or present the same credits that are required of those who apply for admission to the freshman class. (See classes 1 and 2.) No student is admitted for the purpose of studying Music unless he presents a certificate from the Dep: rtment of Music showing that he is qualified to pursue the courses offered. EQUIPMENT

GROUNDS AND BUILDINGS

The buildings of the College of Science, Literature, and the Arts, along with those used by all departments of instruction save that of Agriculture, are located upon the University campus, a tract of about one hundred and twenty acres, lying between University Avenue and the Mississippi River and between Eleventh Avenue and Harvard Street Southeast. The campus is well wooded with a fine growth of native oaks and commands a beautiful view of St. Anthony Falls and the city, but is sufficiently removed from the business center to insure desirable quiet and retirement. Eleven of the twenty-three buildings on the campus are used largely or exclusively for the work of the College of Science, Literature, and the Arts. They include Folwell Hall, a building three hundred and twenty two feet in length and three stories in height above the basement, in which offices, class and seminar rooms are provided for the mathematical, linguistic, philosophical, and pedagogical departments; the Library Building, with provision for the social science and English departments; Pillsbury Hall, for animal biology, botany, and geology; the Physics Building; the Chemistry Building; the Observatory; a plant house; the Armory, for military purposes and physical training; Shevlin Hall, de voted to the exclusive use of women students; Sanford Hall, a dormi tory for women students; and the Y. M. C. A. Building.

LIBRARIES

Besides the General Library, the College of Science, Literature, and the Arts has the following departmental libraries, viz., those of Astronomy, Animal Biology, Botany, Chemistry, Economics and Politics, Geology, German, Greek, History, Latin, Mathematics, Military Science, Philology, Philosophy, Physics, Rhetoric, Romance Languages, and Scandinavian. The departmental libraries are designed especially for the work of their respective departments and consist mainly of books of reference and current periodicals relating to technical subjects. The whole number of b.Jund volumes owned by the University is about one hundred and fifty thousand; unbound books and pamphlets, about twenty thousand. About nine hundred current periodicals are received.

MUSEUMS AND COLLECTIONS

The museums of the University contain material obtained from various sources, arranged with special reference to its use for illuslratil,n. Among the more notable collections are the following: 22 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

Geology and Mineralogy.-The Kunz collection of minerals, purchased of George F. Kunz; several suites of crystalline rocks secured from vari ous sources; the Ward collection of casts, contributed in part by citizens of Minneapolis; collections of the rocks, fossils, minerals, and economic pro ducts of Minnesota; upwards of 9,000 entries gathered by the Geological Survey of the State; the Sardeson collection of Paleozoic fossils of Minne sota, Wisconsin, Iowa, and neighboring states, comprising 30,000 speci mens; a series of 3,000 thin sections of typical rocks and minerals largely representing Minnesota localities; purchased material comprising a fine collection of crystals; 5,000 minerals and 3,000 specimens of economic minerals and crystalline rocks, and a collection of over 4,000 photographs and lantern slides. Mr. Arus S. Williams, of Minneapolis, has given to the University his extensive collection of negatives and photographs. During many years of active work as a photographer, he has collected a series of sev eral thousand plates representing geologic and· geographic subjects, com mercial views, and historic scenes. Tnese will prove of great value in illustrating the physical, commercial, and political history of the State. They are recognized as the A. S. Williams Collection of Photographs and Photographic Negatives. Zoology.-All the material collected by the Zoological Survey; a collection of mounted Minnesota birds representing about one-third of the species found in the State; a number of the mammals of the State and a few from the more western states; a cvllection of fishes, molluscan shells, Phillippine Island corals, and other foreign material. The ornithological reference collection contains the excellent Thomas S. Roberts and Franklin Benner collection of skins, nests, and eggs of Minnesota birds. The entomological collection of over 3,000 named Minnesota insects is particularly rich in Aphidae and contains the Guthrie collection of Collembola. Botany.~The general herbarium, numbering about 400,000 speci mens and comprising the series of plants collected by the State Botanist; an alcoholic collection of material for dissection; a collection of woods of Minnesota; a limited series of Carboniferous and Cretaceous fossil plants, including the Lesquereaux collection from the Minnesota River localities. Sociology and Anthropology.-Photographs and exhibits, showing the work in Charities and Corrections of the various state institutions; photo graphs and exhibits of leading national movements for better social conditions; wall-charts and maps which present graphically a large number of sociological facts, from various parts of the United States; a collection of plaster-cast crania and skulls, showing man's ancestors, fossil man from Western Europe, typical members of the various living races and sub-races, both normal and artificially deformed; a collection of face-masks in color, presentipg well the Oceanic peoples; a series of busts in white, presenting facial and cranial characteristics of a consider able number of different peoples; natural cranial, skull, and skeletal materials from some dozen different continental and inSUlar geographic MUSEUMS AND COLLECTIONS 23 areas; the Guthrie collection of ethnologic specimens from the Bulu tribe of Kamerun Province, Africa, presenting the material culture of a savage people in the Tropics; a collection of American Indian stone implements, weapons, etc. Classics.-Some material illustrating classical geography, topog raphy, chronology, mythology, archaeology, and art, consisting mainly of plans and charts, casts, pictorial illustrations, facsimilies of manu scripts and inscriptions. English.-A few facsimiles of manuscripts, plates that may serve for the purpose of archaeological instruction, reprints of black-letter books and of original editions, photographs, and portraits. Mathematics.-The Schroeder wooden and the Schilling gypsum, string and paper models for Solid Analytical Geometry, many of the Schilling models for illustrating the Theory of Surfaces, several of the Schilling mechanical devices for describing various loci, the Keufel and Esser models for Solid Geometry, and large slated globes, suitably mounted, for use in Spherical Geometry and Spherical Trigonometry. GENERAL INFORMATION

The annual incidental fee is thirty dollars ($30.00) for resident stu dents, and sixty dollars ($60.00) for non-resident students. It includes all charges for matriculation and laboratory courses, except piano courses in the Department of Music, for which there is an additional fee of sixty-four dollars ($54.00) or one hundred and twenty-eight ($128.00). One half the incidental fee is payable at the opening of each semester. In addition to the first semester incidental fee, a deposit fee of five dollars ($5.00) is required to cover the following items: Change of registration . $2.50 per subject Examination for removal of condition, at set time 1.00 Rental of post-offi:e box, University post-offi:e .50 per year Locker rental .50 to 1.00 Penalties for late registration or late payment of fees. A penalty fee of one dollar must be paid by all students who register or payfees after the prescribed time. (See calendar page 5). After the day previous to that on which classes begin, the penalty for delay increases at the rate of twenty-five cents a day. The unused balance of the deposit fee will be returned at the end of the year. This fee is to be deposited with the University cashier at the beginning of each year when the student registers. If, at anytime during the college year, the amount of charges against a student exceed the amount of the deposit, a second fee of five dollars ($5.00) will be required. The following special items may be included in the expenses of a student: Special examination for removal of condition, at other than the set time $5 .00 Examination on subject taken out of class 5.00 No fee for such examinations on first entering the University, if taken within the first six weeks Military uniform, men, about 15.00 Gymnasium suit. men and women 5.00

ASSISTANTS. SCHOLARS. SCHOLARSHIPS. LOANS. AND PRIZES

ASSISTANTS AND SCHOLARS It is the policy of the University to encourage graduate study and to provide for assistance in laboratories, reading of test and examination papers, supervision of note books, and similar services by the appoint ment of assistants and scholars in departments where such services are required. The general principles which now control the making of SCHOLARSHIPS. LOANS. AND PRIZES 25 su.:h appointments are: (1) the appointments are made by the President of the University, upon the nomination of the head of the department concerned and its ratification by the Dean of the college; (2) appoint ments are for one year only, but may be renewed; (3) the appointees must be graduate students who are taking work along the line of their appointments; (4) they are not regularly placed in charge of classes, and, when exceptions are made to meet emergencies, the arrangement is re garded as a temporary one.

SCHOLARSHIPS

The Moses Marston Scholarship in English.-Friends and pupils of the late Professor Moses Marston havegiven one thousand dollars as a memorial fund to him. The annual income of the fund is used to further English study. The scholarship is awarded by the English Department as a recognition of special capacity for literary studies. The Albert Howard Scholarship Fund.-Under the last will and testa ment of Mr. James T. Howard, of the town of Et. Johnsbury, Vermont, $4,166.81 was left to the University to establish a scholarship to be known as'the Albert Howard Scholarship. The College Woman's Club Scholarship.-The College Woman's Club, of Minneapolis, has established a scholarship for the benefit of women students in this University. For the year 1912-13 this scholarship amounts to $150. In awarding it the preference will be given to students in the junior and senior classes and to graduate students. Application for this scholarship may be made to the Dean of Women.

STUDENT LOAN FUNDS The Gilfillan T~ust Fund.-The Hon. John B. Gilfillan has given to the University the !>um of fifty thousand dollars, yielding an annual income of two thousand dollars, to be used by the Board of Regents to assist worthy students, needing such aid, to secure an education. The Regents are empowered to give this aid in the way of loans or gifts, according to the circumstances of the·case. As a rule the fund is used as a loan fund, and a small rate of interest is charged. The details of the regulations which have beeri adopted by the Regents for the administration of the fund may be learned by addressing the President of the Uni\-ersity. The Puritan Colony Scholarship Loan.- The Puritan Colony of the National Society of New England Women has established a loan fund for women students in the University. For the year 1912-13 this scholar ship loan amounts to one hundred dollars. It is available for women students of New England birth or ancestry. In awarding it the prefer ence will begiven to young women in the junior and senior classes. Appli cation for it may be made to the Dean of Women.

PRIZES The Joh11 S. PillsburyPrize.-Three prizes of one hundred, fifty, and twenty-five dollars each, offered by the heirs of the late John S. Pillsbury, 26 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS are awarded for the best work in the Department of Rhetoric, as evidenced finally by an oration in public. The '89 Memorial Prize in Hist01'y.-The class of 1889, at graduation, established a prize of twenty-five dollars each year, to be. known as the '89 Memorial prize, and to be given for the best thesis in Historyby a mem-• ber of the graduating class. The award is made by a professor in History in some other institution. The Frank H. Peavey Prize.-Mrs. Frank T. Heffelfinger continues the prize of one hundreddollars established by her father, the late Frank H. Peavey. This prize is awarded to the members of the team winning the freshman-sophomore debate. The Alumni Weekly Gold Medal.-This medal is provided by the Minnesota Alumni Weekly and is awarded by the Faculty Committee on Debate and Oratory. The award is made annually to that member of the graduating class who has, in the judgment of the members of the Committee, made the best record in forensics during his college course. The medal is awarded only to a student who has shown himself broad minded, unselfish, industrious, and willing to work courteously and en thusiastically with others so as to serve the highest interests of debate and oratory in the University. The recipient must be a type and a model as nearly as the student body offers such a candidate each year, of what a man may make himself through diligent application to the duty next at hand. The William Jennings Bryan Prize.-The Hon. William Jennings Bryan, in 1898, gave the University the sum of two hundred and fifty dollars for the encouragement of studies in Political Science. The quadrennial income from this fund, amounting to fifty dollars, will be awarded every fourth year as a prize to the writer of the best essay upon some governmental question. The competition is open to all students of the College of Science, Literature, and the Arts. The essay must be handed to one of the instructors in Political Science by May 1, 1913, and must not exceed ten thousand words. Three judges to be designated by the President of the University will award the prize. The next topic is: "The Workman's Compensation Movement in Minnesota." The Frank O. Lowden Prize.-The Hon. Frank O. Lowden, of Chicago, offers as prizes to be competed for by the Northern Oratorical League, the annual income on an endowment of three thousand dollars. A prize of one hundred dollars will be given to the orator winning first place and fifty dollars to the orator winning second place; the remainder will be set aside each year for an interest fund to accumulate and, in time, produce another endowment. The Maurice L. Rothschild and Company Prize.-Maurice L. Roths child and Company have provided three cash prizes of fifty, thirty, and twenty dollars each, which are annually awarded to those three students in the freshman and sophomore classes who write and deliver the best orations. The Andrew Lanquist Prize.-The Society for the Advancement of the Study of Swedish offers an annual prize of twenty-five dollars to be CLASS ROUTINE 27

known as the Andrew Lanquist Prize, in honor of the donor. It is awarded to the student who, during the current year, has received the highest rank in the study of Swedish.

CLASS ROUTINE AND SCHOLASTIC REQUIREMENTS

Class work extends through six days of the week, except Saturday afternoon. The daily session is divided into eight class periods of fifty minutes each, four in the morning and four in the afternoon. The morning session begins at eight and closes at twelve; the afternoon session extends from one o'clock until five fifty. A general assembly of the faculty and students is held at twelve m., Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. Most of the courses of instruction are given in three periods perweek. One series is scheduled for Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, another series for Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday. Students are advised to try to arrange their programs so as to secure as even a distribution as possible between the two series. Examinations are held at the close of each semester. Students are graded upon the basis of their class work and examinations for each subject which they pursue, as excellent, good, passed, incomplete, can" ditioned, or failed. For graduation an average of good must be secured in atleast fifty per cent of the courses pursued. In computing the averages an excellent balances a pass, making an average of good for each of the two courses. An incomplete must be removed within one month after the opening of the following semester or it becomes a condition. A condition can be removed by passing an examination in the subject before the opening of the corresponding semester of the following year; if not so removed, it becomes a failure and is subject to the rules governing failures. A failure must be pursued again in class. Students whose absences exceed four weeks in the aggregate during a semester are not permitted to take the semester examinations without special permission of the Faculty. Any student reported below grade in sixty per cent of his work at the middle or close of the first semester or middle of the second semester is dropped from the rolls and not allowed to re-enter the University until the opening of the fol lowing year.

MILITARY DRILL

The Act of Congress of 1862, providing for the establishment of .. Land Grant Colleges," requires that instruction be given in Military Science and Tactics at all institutions that are its beneficiaries. At any such institution where a Professor of Military Science and Tactics is de tailed, War Department Orders of 1905 require that in its regular schedule of studies at least three hours per week for two years, or the equivalent thereof, shall be assigned for instruction in the military de partment. 28 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

The United States Government supplies the University with the necessary arms, equipment, and ammunition for instruction in infantry and artillery drill, and details a commissioned officer of the Regular Army to take charge of the department. Military Drill is required of all male students during the freshman and sophomore years. An encamp ment of cadets is held at the beginning of each year. Sophomore cadets attending the encampment are excused from all Military Drill of the first semester except on Saturdays. Students due but not reporting for encampment are required to report for all military exercises during the semester and, unless excused for satisfactory reasons, will be required to report at the next encampment.

THE UNIVERSITY STATE TEACHER'S CERTIFICATE

Graduates of the College of Science, Literature, and the Arts may receive the University State Teacher's Certificate under the following conditions: First: They must have maintained a good average of scholarship throughout the four years of college study. Second: They must have the recommendation of at least one de partment concerned with high school studies. Third: They must have completed Philosophy la or Ib and Courses 1 and 2 or Course 3 in Education, with sufficient additional work in Edu cation to make a total of fifteen credits, including those specified in Philosophy. This certificate by State Law authorizes students to teach in the public schools of Minnesota for two 'years from date. After that time, upon satisfactory evidence of success, the certificate may be made per manent by the endorsement of the State Superintendent of Public In struction and the President of the University.

WOMEN STUDENTS

After June first, the Registrar will supply a list of boarding and rooming places recommended for women students. In t=eptember, as soon as registration begins, other addresses may be had by application to the Dean of Women, Shevlin Hall. The houses thus recommended make it their particular object to care for the women students of the University. Rooms in them are rented only to women, and parlors are provided in which callers may be received. Attention is called to the fact that only by special permission of the Dean of Women maya woman student occupy a room in a house in which young men are received as lodgers. While the University has confidence in the houses on its list, it does not advise anyone to engage a room without seeing it. There should always be a definite understanding with the householder as to rates, time of payment, vacation charges, the period for which the room is en- WOMEN STUDENTS 29 gaged, and the privileges and rules of the house. Parents are urged to give as careful attention as possible to finding suitable and comfortable rooms for their daughters. In this, as in other matters affecting the well-being of the women students, the Dean of Women is glad to be of any service within her power. Young women who wish to earn a part of their expenses may gen erally learn of opportunities by communicating with the Dean of Women. During the college year she holds office hours every week day in the council room in Alice Shevlin Hall. At such times she welcomes any woman student who cares to come to her, whether for advice, information, or an informal talk. Sanford Hall.-The University opened in November 1910, a dor mitory for the accommodation of a part of the women students. In honor of MariaL. Sanford, Emeritus Professor of Rhetoric, this dormi tory is named Sanford Hall. It is situated on the corner of Eleventh and University Avenues, Southeast. It furnishes a home for ninety girls, about one-half of whom may be freshmen. The charge for room and board is $225 for the University year. Applications should be sent to the Director of Sanford Hall, The University of Minnesota. Shevlin Hall.-Through the generosity of the late Thomas H. She' lin, the University possesses in Alice Shevlin Hall a building admirably designed and equipped for the use of its women students. It is a two story and basement structure, the material used being pressed brick with stone trimmings. It has a frontage of one hundred and fourteen feet on Pillsbury Avenue and a depth of fifty-five feet. The purpose of this building is to furnish suitable rest and study rooms for the women attending the University. A lunch room in which luncheon is furnished daily on the cafeteria plan and in which .• spreads" and banquets are given, is one of the useful and attractive parts of the building. The Student Government Association for Women.-This organiza tion was formed for the purpose of aiding in the care and conduct of Alice Shevlin Hall. Every woman student in the University is regarded as a member. There are no dues. The Association makes rules for the guidance of those using Alice Shevlin Hall; it provides committees to enforce the rules; it gives permission for the holding of social functions in the building; and it controls the expenditure of any surplus in the receipts from the lunch room. The Woman's League.-This organization is open to all women who are students in the University. It is governed by a CO:lncil made up of student members from the four college classes. It makes its head quarters in the council room in Alice Shevlin Hall. The aim of the organ ization is to promote good fellowship and sociability among the women of the University. For this purpose it gives receptions and parties for girls at regular intervals throughout the year. It also endeavors to aid in any project which may be of benefit to the University, and particularly to the women students. 30 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS

For information regarding the Young Men's Christian Association, the Young Women's Christian Association, the University Catholic Association, the Athletic Association, and student publications, see Bulletin of General Information.

LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, AND MUSICAL ORGANIZATIONS

Phi Beta Kappa.-A chapter of the honorary society of Phi Beta Kappa was established at the University in 1892. A small proportion of the graduates of the College of Science, Literature, and the Arts are elected to membership each year. Election is based upon high scholar ship and character. Sigma Xi.-A chapter of the honorary scientific society of Sigma Xi was established at the University in 1896. A small proportion of the graduates of the scientific and technical departments are elected to mem bership each year. Election is based upon high scholarship and c har acter. The Graduate Club.-This is a club organized for the purpose of foster ing a greater interest in graduate work, for mutual help, and for the dis cussion of topics lmder investigation. Literary Societies. - There are four men's literary societies at the University: Shakopean, Forum, Castalian, and Law Literary. They are mainly debating clubs. Every student is welcome to attend the literary sessions, but the business sessions are usually held behind closed doors. Students desiring to join should make early application to some member of the society he prefers, as the membership is limited. Thewomen's societies are Minerva, Theta Epsilon, Thalian, and Acanthus. Members td these are elected only by vote of the society. The Debating Board has charge of home and inter-collegiate oratorical contests. . The Northern Oratorical League is composed of the oratorical associa tions of the University of Michigan, Northwestern University, the Uni versity of Wisconsin, Oberlin College, the State University of Iowa, the University of Illinois, and the University of Minnesota. Its purpose is to foster an interest in public speaking and to elevate the standard of oratory by holding annual contests. The contests are open only to undergraduates. The Euterpean Club is a regularly organized body of singers, com posed of forty of the women students of the University. The selection of voices is made at the beginning of each school year. The club is under the direction of Professor Scott. The Sem. Bot. is essentially a research society in Botany, composed of the botanical staff and of advanced students in the department. It meets once each week to present the results of investigation, and for discussion.

• STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS 31

Lambda Alpha Psi.-This society was founded for the purpose of encouraging the study of languages and their literatures. To.this end it maintains a course of popular lectures on artistic, literary, and lin guistic subjects, given at intervals throughout the college year, by various professors in the University and noted educators from abroad. A small number of students from the senior class in the College of Science, Liter ature, and the Arts, who have specialized in languages and literature, are elected each year to membership, such elections being based upon scholarship and high character. The Masquers.-This society was organized in 1898 under the name of the University Dramatic Club. Two plays are given each year after careful training under an experienced dramatic coach. The active membership, limited to thirty, is composed of students who qualify by trials held soon after the beginning of each Un;"ersity year. COURSES OF STUDY

1. FOUR-YEAR COURSE IN SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS, LEADING TO THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS

The degree of Bachelor of Arts will be conferred upon any student who fulfills the conditions as to amount, grade, and distribution of work stated under A, B, and C below: A. Amount of Work.-The student must earn from the courses offered in the College one hundred and twenty credits, in addition to the required exercises in Drill, Gymnasium, and Physical Training. A credit is one hour per week through one sen:ester. Juniors and seniors pursuing beginning language courses (not in cluding Spanish, Greek, and Hebrew), Mathematics 1 and 2, Chemistry 1 (a), Rhetoric 1, or History 1, shall receive only half credit. No student shall receive credit for more than two beginning modem language courses, save by special permission. A double period in laboratory subjects counts as one credit hour. B. Grade.-In at least one-half his work (sixty credits), the student must secure a grade of good. For the system of grades, see page 27. For the purpose of this count each excellent shall balance one pass, making an average of good for both records. C. Distribution of Work.-l. The student must conform to the require ments of the respective four years of the course (see pp. 33-35) and must complete a major and four minors. A major is not less than eighteen credits and a minor is not less than twelve credits in one department. Two minors, or a major and a minor, may be com bined in one department, but at least one of the five subjects shall be chosen from each of the following groups: (a) English, French, German, Greek, Latin, Rhetoric. (b) Animal Biology, Astronomy, Botany, Chemistry, Geology and Mineralogy, Physics. (c) Economics and Political Science, History, Mathematics, Philos ophy, Sociology and Anthropology. Majors are not offered in the Department of Music. In the statement of courses, departments may indicate any courses which shall not count toward a major or minor, and in no case shall the first year of beginning languages (excepting Spanish and Greek), Rhetoric 1, or History 1 be so counted. 2. Each student must choose his major subject before the end of the sophomore year and report to the Registrar his choice. 3. Upon the choice of his major subject, the department in which the student has made his selection shall assign him to an ~dviser in that department. .------_. ------

FRESHMAN YEAR 33

4. The student shall choose, under the advice and approval of his adviser, a sufficient amount of work to make, with his major, a total of forty-eight credits, the additional subjects being such as to reinforce the major. The subjects of a minor are not excluded from this list of reinforcing subjects. The B. A. degree will be granted in no case in which the applicant has earned less than thirty credits in residence in this College. If the term of residence is only one year, that year must be the senior year. In any case, at least half of the work of the senior year must be done in residence. FRESHMAN YEAR The subjects for which freshmen register must be continued through the year. All freshmen shall take not less than fourteen nor more than seventeen credit hours, in accordance with the regulations that follow (A, B, C), besides (in case of men) Military Drill and Gymnasium.

A. For Students with Entrance Credits in Both Higher Algebra and Solid Geometry Required: Rhetoric 1, three hours. The following is a rule of the Faculty: All students in Rhetoric 1 shall be regarded as taking the work on probation during the first four weeks of the first semester. At the end of that time those who have shown their inability to do satisfactory work because of lack of prepara tion shall be dropped from the course with a rec.ord of failed. Such students shall be required to make up this deficiency in preparation, pass a special examination before the beginning of the following college year, and take Rhetoric 1 during their second year. They will be expected to devote at least three hours each week to regular instruction outside the college and will, therefore, not be permitted to carry more than fourteen hours of college work. Elective: Not less than eleven nor more than fourteen credit hours from the groups below (I, II, III), at least one subject to be chosen from each group. B. For Students without Entrance Credits in Higher Algebra Required: Rhetoric 1, three hours; Mathematics 1 and 2, five hours. Elective: Not less than six nor more than nine credit hours from the groups below, at least two groups to be represented by the subjects selected. C. For Students with Entrance Credits in Higher Algebra, but not in Solid Geometry Required: Rhetoric 1, three hours; Mathematics 3 and 4, three hours. Elective: Not less than eight nor more than eleven credit hours from the groups below, at least two groups to be represented by the subjects selected. A

34 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

Elective Groups I French 1, five hours; open to those who have had no French. *French 3, three hours; open to those who have had two years of preparatory French. French 4, two hours; open to those taking French 3. German 1, five hours; open to those who have had no German. *German 4, three hours; open to those who have had two years of preparatory German. German 5, two hours; open to those taking German 4. Latin A, three hours; open to those who have had two years of preparatory Latin. Latin B, three hours; open to those who have had three years of preparatory Latin. Latin 1, three hours; open to those who have had four years of preparatory Latin. Scandinavian 1, five hours; open to those who have had no Nor- wegian. Scandinavian 2, three hours; open to qualified students by permission. Scandinavian 3, five hours; open to those who have had no Swedish. Scandinavian 4, three hours; open to qualified students by permis

*Students who enter with more than two years of French or German will be ad mitted to correspondingly advanced courses. JUNIOR AND SENIOR YEARS 35

Any student who fails in a subject during the freshman year is not allowed to eJect more than fifteen credit hours per semester in the sopho; more year, and all sophomores are strongly urged to take less than eighteen credit hours per semester. Sophomores, so long as they conform to the above requirements, may elect courses in Scandinavian, and any subjects of the freshman year which they have not already taken.

Elective Groups I Comparative Philology, Courses I, 2, 3. English, Courses I, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 18. French and Spanish, Courses 1, 2, 3, 4,5,6,7,10, 11,13. German, Courses 1, 2, 3a, 4,5,6, 7,8. Greek, Courses 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11. Latin, Courses A, B, I, 2, 3, 4. Rhetoric and Public Speaking, Courses 2a, 2b, 20. II Animal Biology, Courses 1,2,3,4,5,9,10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17. Astronomy, Courses 1, 2. Botany, Courses 1, 2, 3, 15. Chemistry, Course 3. Geology and Mineralogy, Courses la, Ie, 2, 3a, 3b, 18, 19, 26, 29b. Physics, Courses 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. III Economics, Courses 1, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 9, 15. Political Science, Courses I, 7, 15. History, Courses I, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 15. Mathematics, Courses 3, 4, 7, 8. Philosophy and Psychology, Courses la, 1b, 2, 11. Sociology and Anthropology, Courses I, 2.

JUNIOR AND SENIOR YEARS

The work of these two years is elective, subject to the restrictions imposed by the requirements for a major course and four minor courses (see page 32), and the regulation that certain courses of the two preced ing years count, when taken by juniors and seniors, for only half credit. The number of credit-hours in any semester must be not less than fifteen nor more than eighteen, except by permission of the Committee on Students' Work. Election of Subjects in Other Colleges In the senior year, any student registered in the College of Science, Literature, and the Arts may elect not to exceed six credit hours per semester in any other college or school of this University, provided that (1) certain courses are indicated by the Dean of the college or school in 36 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

question and approved by the Curriculum Committee of this College as suitable for such election; (2) no duplication of subjects occurs; and (3) the subjects so elected are specifically approved by the advisers. Courses so taken are counted toward the B. A. degree on the same terms as those taken in theCollege of Science, Literature, and the Arts; and twelvecredits in closely related subjects, thus obtained, may be substituted for one of the four required minors, provided neither of the groups (a) (b) (c) is thus left unrepresented. By resolutionof the Boardof Regents students in any college electing work in any other college must complete the work so elected before they are allowed to come up for the degree for which they are candidates.

Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts with Distinction Students may receive the degree of Bachelor of Arts with Distinction in accordance wi~h the following plan: 1. The degree with distinction shall be granted upon the basis of special excellence in a chosen subject, and shall be granted in only one department. 2. To become a candidate for the degree of B. A. with Distinction, the student must signify his intention by registration, upon the proper blank, at some time between the close of the freshman year and the begin ning of the senior year. Students wishing to become candidates for the degree are advised to register as such as early in the course as possible. 3. At the time of registration for such degree the applicant must have an average of good in all his previous work. (For the purpose of this count, each excellent shall balance one pass, making an average of good for both records.) 4. To receive the degree with distinction at graduation, the student must fulfill the following requirements: a. .Comply with all the regulations aj>plying to the ordinary degree of Bachelor of Arts. b. At graduation have a record higher than pass in four-fifths of all his work (provided that an excellent shall balance a pass as in 3 above). c. By May 1st, of his senior year, present a satisfactory thesis upon a subject approved by the adviser in.charge of this work. d. Comply with the special requirements of the department in which he takes his major work. e. Be recommended by the department to the Faculty for special excellence in his work. £. Be approved by vote of the Faculty. 5. A student registered for the degree with distinction may with draw his name at any time from such registration, or the registration may be canceled by the department concerned, or by the Dean after consul tation with the department; but students whose registration for the degree with distinction has been withdrawn or canceled shall still receive the degree of Bachelor of Arts upon completion of the requirements therefor. COMBINATION COURSES 37

6. The degree shall be given in the diploma thus: Bachelor of Arts with Distinction. 7. The names of students recommended by the Faculty for the degree with distinction shall appear on the Commencement program, with the statement that distinction has been acquired in a certain department. A certificate signed by the head of the department and the Registrar shall be presented to the student who has attained the degree with distinction. 8. The special requirements of the departments in which distinc tion may be gained shall be authorized by the Faculty, after recommenda tion by the Curriculum Committee.

COMBINATION COURSES

For the benefit of those who wish to begin a professional course before completing the four-year course in Science, Literature, and the Arts, the following combination courses and short courses are offered.

COMBINED ACADEMIC-MEDICAL COURSES

Students wishing to begin the study of Medicine before completing the regular four-year course in the College of Science, Literature, and the Arts have the choice between a combined eight-year course. leading to the degrees of B. A. and M. D., and a combined seven-year course, leading to the degrees of B. S. and M. D., according to conditions named in II and III below., In case any student, after taking part of either combined Academic Medical course, becomes a candidate for the B. A. degree in the regular four-year course in the College of Science, Literature, and the Arts, he must satisfy all the requirements of that co~se.

II. EIGHT-YEAR COURSE IN ARTS AND MEDICINE, LEADING TO THE DEGREES OF BACHELOR OF ARTS AND DOCTOR OF MEDICINE

For requirements for admission, see page 19. To be eligible for admission to the College of Medicine and Surgery students in this course must secure in the College of Science, Literature, and the Arts not less than ninety credits (ninety-four credits until September, 1914), with an average grade of good in half their work. They must complete a major and two minors (see page 32), each from one of the three groups (a), (b), (c).

FRESHMAN YEAR All freshmen shall take not less than fourteen nor more than seven teen credit-hours of work, besides (in case of men) Military Drill and Gymnasium. The subjects must include the following: Rhetoric 1, three hours. 38 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

German or French (unless a reading knowledge has already been acquired), three or five hours. Zoology 1 or Botany 1 (Zoology preferred), three hours Chemistry 1 or 2, three hours. (Mathematics 1 and 2, five hours, or 3 and 4, three hours, only as a prerequisite for Physics). Note:-If a freshman takes five-hour German or French and five hour Mathematics, he must postpone Zoology (or Botany) to the second year. SOPHOMORE YEAR German or French (unless a reading knowledge has already been acquired), three hours. Chemistry 3 (Qualitative Analysis), three hours. Physics 1, 2, 3, and 4, four hours. . ... _" Sufficient sophomore electives, ~ding·one from Group III.\age 34, to make not less than fifteen nor more than eighteen credit hours, besides (in case of men) Military Drill. JUNIOR YEAR The work of the junior year is elective, subject to the restrictions imposed by the requirement for a major and two minors (see page 32). The number of credit-hours must be not less than fifteen nor more than eighteen. SENIOR YEAR This year is taken in the College of Medicine and Surgery, and is counted toward the B. A. degree, provided that no duplication of subjects occurs, and provided further that the student secures an average grade of good in half the work so credited.

III. SEVEN-YEAR COURSE IN SCIENCE AND MEDICINE, LEAD ING TO THE DEGREES OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE AND DOCTOR OF MEDICINE

For requirements for admission, see page 19. To be eligible for ad mission to the College of Medicine and Surgery, students in this cOurse must secure in the College of Science, Literature, and the Arts not less than sixty credits (sixty-two credits until September, 1914), with an average grade of good in half their work; FRESHMAN AND SOPHOMORE YEARS The work and the requirements of these two years are identical with those of the freshman and sophomore years under II. JUNIOR AND SENIOR YEARS The work of these two years is taken in the College of Medicine and Surgery, and is credited toward the B. S. degree, provided that no dupli cation of work occurs, and provided further that the student secures an average grade of good in one-half the work so credited. ' COMBINATION COURSES 39

Students who have completed elsewhere two or more years of col legiate or university work which includes the required subjects specified above, and is in other respects the full equivalent of the two years of Academic work required in the seven-year combined course, will be awarded the degree of B. S. on recommendation of the Faculty of the College of Science, Literature, and the Arts, provided that they secure an average of good on at least half their work in the first two years of the Medical course. The credit value of work done elsewhere shall be de termined by the Committee on Advanced Standing of the College of Science, Literature, and the Arts, but such credits shall not become effective until the student shall have completed, with the required stand ing, two full years of work in the College of Medicine and Surgery of the University of Minnesota~

IV. SIX-YEAR COURSE IN ARTS AND DENTISTRY, LEADING TO THE DEGREES OF BACHELOR OF ARTS AND DOCTOR OF DENTAL SURGERY

The first three years of the Arts and Dentistry course are given in the College of Science, Literature, and the Arts, and the last three years in the College of Dentistry. It leads to the degree of Bachelor of Arts in four years and the degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery in six years. In order to complete the Academic portion of their work and be eligible for admission to the College of Dentistry in this course, they must obtain 90 credits (94 credits until September, 1914), including a major and two minors, one in each of the groups (a), (b), (c), p. 32), besides (in case of men) two years of Military Drill and one year of Gymnasium; and they must have an average of good in at least half of their work. The first year of the course in Dentistry counts as equivalent to the last year of the regular Academic course, provided that no duplication of subjects occurs, and provided further that the student secures an average grade of good in half of such year's work.

COMBINED ACADEMIC-LAW COURSES Students wishing to begin the study of Law before completing the regular four-year course in the College of Science, Literature, and the Arts have the choice between a combined six-year course, leading to the degrees of B. A. and LL. B., and a combined five-year course, leading only to the degree of LL. B., according to conditions named in V. and VI. below.

V. SIX-YEAR COURSE IN ARTS AND LAW, LEADING TO THE DEGREES OF BACHELOR OF ARTS AND BACHELOR OF LAWS The combined six-year course is given in the College of Science, Literature, and the Arts for the first three years, and in the College of Law for the last three years. 40 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

A student may register in this course at any time prior to the end of his third year. Before so registering he must choose a major line of work and secure the signature of an adviser in that department; and in every case the major subject must be chosen before the end of the sopho more year (See C, 1, 2, 3, 4, page 32). The election of work during the first three years is governed by the same regulations as in the case of other academic students. In order to complete the Academic portion of the combined six-year course and be admitted to the College of Law, students must secure not less than 90 credits (94 credits until September, 1914), including a major and two minors representing the three groups (a), (b), (c), (p. 32). They must also have an average of good in half of their work. The first year of the course in Law counts as equivalent to the last year of the regular Academic course, provided the student receive an average of good in half of such year's work.

VI. SPECIAL PRE-LEGAL COURSE

A student registering in the combined five-year course in the College of Science, Literature, and the Arts, and the College of Law must decide, and state on his registration blank, whether he elects to follow the regular Academic course for two years, or to take the special pre-legal course indicated below. Whichever course is chosen must be followed without variation. In either case, the student must secure at least 60 credits (62 credits until September, 1914), with an average of good on half of his work, in order to be eligible for admission to the College of Law. In case any student, after taking the special pre-legal course, shall become a candidate for the B. A. degree, he must satisfy all of the regular requirements for that degree. Students who offer for entrance less than two units of natural science must take one year of natural science.

FREflHMAN YEAR Credits Rhetoric 1 . 6 Mathematics or Science . 6 (or 10) (1) The student without entrance credits in Higher Algebra, Mathematics 1 and 2. (2) The student with entrance credits in Higher Algebra but not in Solid Geometry, Mathematics 3 and 4. (3) The student with entrance credits in Higher 'Algebra and Solid Geometry, Mathematics 3 and 4, or 6 credits in freshman science. Language . 6 (or 10) (1) The student with two or more units of entrance credits in Latin, must take Latin (6 credits) ~) The student not qualified to take Latin must take a modern language. ------_._------

COMBINATION COURSES 41

History . 6 (1) The student with two units of entrance credits in History, must take History 2. (2) The student without two units of entrance credits in History, must take History 8. Economics 1 . Political Science 1 . Military Drill and Gymnasium, for men

30-.38* SOPHOMORE YEAR Credits Rhetoric 2b or English 1 or Public Speaking or Psychology and Logic or Ethics or Mathematics or Science " 6 Language -...... 6 A continuation of the same language taken in the freshman year . History 5.. 6 History 2...... 6 For those who did not take this course in their freshman year. Economics Not less than one or more than four of the fOllOWingl courses: 1 (if not previously taken), 4,5,6, 11, 15, 16,25.

Political Science 6-18 Not less than one nor more than four of the followingcourses: 1 (if not previously taken), 2,7,12,15,18 Military Drill, for men

30-36 VII. COURSE FOR MUSIC STUDENTS Students who enter the University for the express purpose of studying Music are required to register for Courses 1 and 4 in Music and at least six credits in other courses outside the Department of Music, preferably modern languages, to be selected with the approval of the Enrollment Committee.

VIII. UNCLASSED STUDENTS

Unclassed students are persons of mature years, engaged in teaching or other occupation, but registered either without having satisfied the regular entrance requirements, or for less than eleven credit-hours of work.

*Students taking 10 hours each in Mathematics and Language, must omit either History, or Economics 1 and Political Science 1 this year. 42 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

A new application must be made each semester to the Committee on Students' Work, and the new enrollment will not be granted unless the work of the preceding semester has been satisfactory. Any unclassed student who has satisfied the regular entrance re quirements may classify at the beginning of either semester as a regular student, and become a candidate for the Bachelor of Arts degree, by reg istering in accordance with the regulations governing amount and distri bution of work as indicated on page thirty-two. DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENTS

ANIMAL BIOLOGY

HENRY F. NACIlTRIEB, B.S., Professor, Head of Department of Animal Biology 205 Pillsbury Hall CHARLES P. SIGERFOOS, Ph.D., Professor 201 Pillsbury Hall OSCAR W. OESTLUND, Ph.D., Assistant Professor 220 Pillsbury Hall HAL DOWNEY, Ph.D., Assistant Professor 203 Pillsbury Hall ------" Assistant Professor CHARLES E. JOHNSON, M.A., Instructor 2 Pillsbury Hall

REQUIREMENTS OF THE DEPARTMENT

For a Minor, twelve credits. For a Major, eighteen credits, together with reinforcing subjects (thirty credits) selected from Botany, Geology, Chemistry, Physics. Sociology and Anthropology, Psychology, advanced modern language, and additional Animal Biology. For B. A. with Distinction, the general requirements (page 36) and six credits in the department in add:tion to the requirements for a major. For a Teacher's Certificate, an average of at least good in Courses I, 1,8, 17, and 11 or 2 or 4 or 5, and twelve additional credits in the biological sciences, six of which must be in Botany.

JOURNAL CLUB

The professors, instructors, and advanced students of the department meet once a week to review and discuss current zoological literature and to listen to reports from those carrying on investigations.

COURSES

No. Title Semester Credits Offered to Prereq. course& 1. General Zoology...... 1, 2 6* All None 2. Histology-Embryology... 1,2 6* Soph., Jr., Sr. 1 r 3. Technique ,...... 2 3 Soph., Jr., Sr. See statement 4. General Physiology...... 1, 2 6* Soph., Jr., Sr. 1 5. Comparative Anatomy... 1,2 6* Soph., Jr., Sr. 1 6. Emb. of Invertebrates.. .. I, 2 6* Jr., Sr., Grad. 1,3 7. Emb. of Vertebrates...... I, 2 6* Jr., Sr., Grad. 1,2,3 I 9. Entomology...... 1,2 6* Soph., Jr., Sr. 1 10. Protozoology...... 1 3 Soph., Jr., Sr. 1 ~ 11. Morphol. of Invertebrates. 2 3 Soph., Jr., Sr. 1 12. Parasitology...... 2 3 Soph., Jr., Sr. 1 14. Ornithology...... 2 3 Soph., Jr., Sr. 1 r *Both semesters must be completed before credit can be obtained for the first semester. ,I ~ 44 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

No. Title Semester Credits Offered to Prereq. courses 15. Herpetology...... 1 3 Soph., Jr., Sr. 1 16. Mammalogy...... 2 3 Soph., Jr., Sr. 1 17. Entomology and Ornith- ology...... 1,2 6* Soph., Jr., Sr. 1 18. Nature Study...... 1 2 Jr., Sr. See statement 21. Problems and Research... 1,2 6 or 12 Jr., Sr., Grad. See statement 22. Blood of Vertebrates .... I, 2 12* Sr., Grad. See statement 23. Morpho!. of Vertebrates.. I, 2 6 or 12 Jr., Sr., Grad. I, and 3 or 5 *Both semesters must be completed before credit can beobtained for the first semester. The following table groups the courses particularly adapted to prepare a student for the respective vo::ations indicated. Combinations for individual cases should be made in consultation with the head of the department. For teaching in college and university, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 11, 6 or 7. For teaching in public schools, 1,4,15,16, 17, 18. For medicine, 1,2,3,4, 5, 7, 10, 12,21. For museum curatorship, I, 2, 3, 5, IS, 16, 17, 18. For animal husbandry, 1,4, S, 7, 10, 12. For entomology, 1, 6, 9, 11, 12. For forestry, 1, 9, 12, 14, 15, 16, 21. For service on govemment and state bureaus and commissions, 1, 3, 4, 6 or 7, 10, 12, IS, 16, 17, 18. For service on biological surveys, 1,4,10,12, IS, 16, 17, 18.

GENERAL COURSES

1. General Zoology Messrs. SIGERFOOS, OESTLUND, JOHNSON, NACHTRIEB, and ASSISTANTS Six credits (six hours per week) ; both semesters. Open to all. A general survey of the animal kingdom, aiming at an appreciation of the principles of organization, physiology, and development of animals. In the laboratory representatives of the chief branches of the animal kingdom are studied in detail, and three or four weeks are devoted to a study of the development of the chick and some invertebrate. Lectures, quizzes. and laboratory work

2. Essentials of Histology and Embryology Mr. DOWNEY Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Course 1. The development and minute structure of the animal as an organism built up of tissues combined into organs, and practice in general methods and the use of apparatus. The course prepares directly for most of the advanced courses. Lectures, quizzes, and laboratory work.

3. Essentials of Histological and Embryological Technique Mr. DOWNEY Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors who have completed Course 1 and the first semester of Course 2. Practical work in the preparation and preservation of histological and embryological material, and methods of reconstruction. ANIMAL BIOLOGY 45

4. General Physiology Mr. NACHTRIEB Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Course 1. Both semesters must be completed before credit can be obtained for the first semester. First semester: The physical, structural, and functional features of living substance; the cell, present conditions, and expressions of life; the theories of the origin of life and death. Demonstrations and simple experiments an essential part of the course in both semesters. Second semester: The life of the cell in its relations to that of other cells.

ADVANCED AND SPECIAL COURSES

5. Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates Mr. JOHNSON and ASSISTANT Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Course 1 or its equivalent. Both semesters must be completed before credit can be obtained for the first semester. First semester: Chordates, cartilaginous and bony fishes and all classes up to the mammalia. Second semester: A detailed study of the cat and comparative studies of the rabbit, sheep, and man. Lectures, quizzes, and laboratory work. Text-books, Laboratory Syllabus and Burkeholder's Anatomy of the Brain. 6. E:nbryology of Invertebrates Mr. SIGERFOOS Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Courses 1 and 3. Both semesters must be completed before credit can be obtained for the first semester. Reference and laboratory work on the development of invertebrates. 7. Embryology of Vertebrates Mr. NACHTRIEB Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Courses 1, 2, and 3. Both semesters must be com pleted before credit can be obtained for the first semester. Reference and laboratory work on the development of vertebrates. 9. Entomology Mr.OEsTLUND Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Course 1. Both semesters must be completed before credit can be obtained for the first semester. The elements of entomology; the structure, functions, development, and economics of insects, leading UP to a discussion of the principles of taxonomy and their application to the classification of insects. Text-book, Folsom's EntomologJI. 10. Protozoology Mr. SIGERFOOS Three credits (six hours per week); first semester. Open to those who have completed Course 1. Can be combined with Course 11 or Course 12 for a year course. Mainly reference and laboratory work on the structure and life histories of Protozoa, with special reference to the relation of the Protozoa to diseases of animals.

11. Morphology of Invertebrates Mr. SIGERFOOS Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Open to those who have completed Course 1. Can be combined with Course 10 for a year course. An intensive study of the Crustacea and some of the smaller phyla of the animal kingdom. 46 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

12. Parasitology Mr. NACHTRIEB Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Open to those who have completed Course 1. Can be combined with Course 10 for a year course. Reference and laboratory work on animal parasites, their structure, habits, life his tories, and economic importance. 14. Ornithology Mr. JOHNSON Three credits (six bours per week); second semester. Open to those who have completed Course 1. Lectures, quizzes, laboratory and field work on the structure, classification, nest building, food, habits, and distinction of birds; migration, coloration, flight, etc.; practical demonstrations of the preparation of birds and eggs for scientific purposes. Text-book, Chapman's Handbook of Birds of Eastern North Amer.ca. 15. Herpetology Mr. JOHNSON Three credits (six hours per week); first semester. Open to those who have completed Course 1. Primarily for students capable of independent work and interested in the classifi cation, natural history, and economic aspects of the amphibians and reptiles of North America. Much attention given to the herpetology of Minnesota. 16. Mammalogy Mr. JOHNSON Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Open to those who have completed Course 1. For students able to work independently and who are interested in the classification, natural history, and economic aspects of the mammals of North America, with special refer ence to the mammals of Minnesota. 17. Elements of Entomology and Ornithology Messrs. OESTLUND and JOHNSON Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Course 1. Both semesters must be completed before credit can be obtained for the first semester. With special reference to candidates for the teacher's certificate. First semester: The Elements of Entomology, with Mr. Oestlund. Second semester: The Elements of Ornithology, Course 14, with Mr. Johnson. 18. Nature Study Mr. SIGERFOOS Two credits (four hours per week); first semester. Open to those who have completed a minor in Zoology. The ends to be attained through courses in General Zoology in the secondary schools and the methods and means by which such ends may be gained; collection of specimens in the field and their preparation and preservation. Lectures, discussions, and reference work.

ADVANCED AND GRADUATE COURSES

21. Problems and Research Mr. NACHTRIEB and ASSOCIATES Six or twelve credits (six or twelve hours per week); both semesters. Open to graduate students and undergraduates who have completed Course 1 or its equivalent and such other courses as may be required by the character of the work. Advanced and essentially independent work in some specific line carried on under the supervision of the .professor in charge of the subject. ASTRONOMY 47

22. Blood of Vertebrates Mr. DOWNEY Twelve credits (twelve hours per week); both semesters. Open to seniors and graduate students who have completed Courses 1, 2, 3, and 7, and who have a reading knowledge of German and French. Both semes ters must be completed before credit can be obtained for the first semester. A comparative study of blood and blood-forming organs of vertebrates. In this course the student will devote the major portion of his time to research. 23. Morphology of Vertebrates Mr. JOHNSON Six or twelve credits (six or twelve hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Courses 1 and either 3 or S. An advanced course in comparative or special anatomy of vertebrates, including anatomical technique. Students qualified will be directed into lines of original investigation.

For courses in Art, open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors of this College, see Bulletin of the College of Education.

ASTRONOMY

FRANCIS P. LEAVENWORTll, M.A., Professor, Head of Department of Astronomy Observatory or 123 Folwell Hall

REQUIREMENTS OF THE DEPARTMENT For a Minor, Courses 1 and 4 (the latter taken as a three-hour course). For a Major, Courses 1 and 4 (the latter taken as a six-hour course), together with five additional courses and reinforcing subjects (thirty credits) selected from Mathematics, Physics, Mechanics, Chemistry, Geology, and additional Astronomy. For B. A. with Distinction, the general requir

ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY The Astronomical Observatory contains a ten and one-half-inch refracting telescope furnished with a third lens for converting it into a photographic telescope; a filar micrometer; a spectroscope by Brashear; a meridian circle and zenith telescope; a Repsold photographic measuring machine, a chronograph, and astronomical clocks. COURSES No. Title Semester Credits Offered to Prereq. courses 1. General Astronomy...... 1, 2 6 Soph., Jr., Sr. Math. 4 or 2 2. Observatory Practice..... 1,2 3 Soph., Jr., Sr. See statement 3. Descriptive Astronomy. . . 1 3 Jr., Sr. None 4. Practical Astronomy...... I, 2 6 or 12 Jr., Sr. 1 and Math. 7, 8, and 9 5. Adv. Practical Astronomy I, 2 6 Grad. 1 and 4 6. Celestial Mechanics...... I, 2 6 Grad. 1 7. Astrophotography...... I, 2 6 Grad. 1 and 4 48 SCIENCE. LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

1. General Astronomy Mr. LEAVENWORTH Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors who have completed Mathematics 4 or 2 (Trigonometry). A study of the general principles of astronomy illustrated by lantern slides and telescopic observations. This course may be combined with Course 2.

2. Observatory Practice Mr. LEAVENWORTH Three credits (hours arranged); both semesters. Open to those who have completed or are taking Course 1 or 3. Work at the Observatory In connection with Course 1 or 3.

3. Descriptive Astronomy Mr. LEAVENWORTH Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors. Lectures on the elements of astronomy, illustrated by lantern slides. This course may be combined with Course 2.

4. Practical Astronomy Mr. LEAVENWORTH Six or twelve credits (three or six hours per week); both semesters. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 1 and Mathe matics 7, 8, and 9. Theory and use of astronomical instruments in determining time, Iatit1,1de, longitude, positions of heavenly bodies; astronomical photography, with measures of plates; study of the method of least squares.

S. Advanced Practical Astronomy Mr. LEAVENWORTH Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to grad uate students who have completed Courses I and 4.

6. Celestial Mechanics Mr. LEAVENWORTH Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to grad uate students who have completed Course 1.

7. Astrophotography Mr. LEAVENWORTH Open to graduate students who have completed Courses I and 4. Photography of the heavenly bodies, measurement of plates, determination of positions, parallax. etc. BOTANY FREDERIC E. CLEMENTS, Ph.D., Professor, Head of Department of Botany • 207 Pillsbury Hall *JOSEPHINE E. TILDEN, M.S., Professor 214 Pillsbury Hall CARL OTTO ROSENDAHL, Ph.D., Professor 18 Pillsbury Hall FREDERIC K. BUTTERS, B.S., B.A., Assistant Professor 206 Pillsbury Hall NED L. HUFF, M.A., Assistant Professor 214 Pillsbury Hall EDITH CLEMENTS, Ph.D., Instructor 207 Pillsbury Hall ALICE MISZ, M.A., Instructor 16 Pillsbury Hall *Absent on leave 1912-13•

• BOTANY 49

REQUIREMENTS OF THE DEPARTMENT For a Minor, Courses 1 and 2. For a Major, Courses 1 and 2, together with one advanced course covering two semesters, and reinforcing subjects (thirty credits) selected from Zoology, Chemistry, Physics, Geology, advanced modern languages, Greek, Latin, and additional Botany. For B. A. with Distinction, the general requirements (page 36), Courses 1, 2, and any two advanced courses, each covering both semesters. For a Teacher's Certificate, an average of at least good in Courses 1,2, and twelve additional credits in biological sciences, of which six shall be in Zoology. Courses 11 and 16 are recommended. Students entering the department for the first time must take Course 1, or present a satisfactory equivalent. Courses 1 and 2 are required for entrance to all advanced courses, with the exception. of 11 to 18. Students are requested to confer with the head of the department before electing an advanced course. The Botanical Seminar consists of advanced students in Botany, together with the staff of the department. It·meets every two weeks for the presentation of the results of investigation, and for the discussion of current problems. The special courses in Botany are designed to prepare students directly for scientific positions in the United States Department of Agri culture and in the agricultural colleges and experiment stations of the various states. Such positions are those of ecologist, physiologist, system atic botanist, mycologist, agrostologist, algologist, etc., in the Bureau of Plant Industry, and of ecologist in the Forest Service. In co-operation with the Department of Plant Pathology and Botany in the College of Agriculture, training is given for the positions of plant pathologist and of seed expert in the Bureau of Plant Industry and in the state experiment stations. Positions in some of these lines are open to women as well as men. In addition to the general courses which are prerequisites, Courses 3, 5, 7, and 11 are most important in this preparation, followed by still more advanced courses determined by the training sought.

COURSES No. Title Semester Credits Offered to Prereq. courses 1. General Botany...... I, 2 6* All None 2. Advanced Botany...... 1,2 6 Soph., Jr., Sr. 1 3. Plant Phys. and Ecology. 1,2 6 Soph., Jr., Sr. See statement 4. Algae...... 1, 2 6 Jr., Sr. 1 and 2 5. Fungi...... 1,2 6 Jr., Sr. 1 and 2 6. Mosses and Ferns...... 1, 2 6 Jr., Sr. 1 and 2 7. Flowering Plants...... 1,2 6 Jr., Sr. 1 and 2 8. Ecology...... 1,2 6 Jr., Sr. 1,2, and 3 9. Plant Physiology " 1, 2 6 Jr., Sr. 1,2, and 3 10. Cytology...... 1,2 6 Jr., Sr. 1 and 2 11. Industrial Botany...... 1,2 6 Jr., Sr. See statement 12. Plant Foodstuffs and Tex- tiles...... 1,2 6 Jr., Sr. See statement *Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. ------

No. Title Semester Credits Offered to Prereq. courses 15. Botanical Microchemistry. I, "2 6 Soph., Jr., Sr. 1 16. Plant Studies...... 1,2 6 Jr., Sr. 1 and 2 17. Genera,! Bacteriology..... 1,2 6 Jr., Sr. See statement 18. Pharmacognosy...... I, 2 6 Jr., Sr. 1 21. Morph. and Taxonomy ... I, 2 Grad. See statement 22. Problems in Algology..... I, 2 Grad. See statement 23. Problems in Physiology and Ecology...... 1,2 Grad. See statement 24. Problems in Cytology..... I, 2 Grad. See statement

GENERAL COURSES

Required for entrance to any special course, except those in technical botany, 11 to ~8 inclusive.

1. General Botany Messrs. CLEMENTS, HUFF, and BUTTERS and Miss MISZ Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to all; both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. Laboratory study of the structure of flowering plants, from organs through parts and tissues to cells, followed by a brief study of the common types of flowerless plants, leading to the origin of the flower and seed habit, and the classification of flowering plants; green house study of the behavior of plants, correlated with the study of organs and tissues; field work and classification of trees and shrubs, fruits and seeds, buds and shoots, and spring flowers.

2. Advanced Botany Messrs. CLEMENTS, and ROSENDAHL, Mrs. CLEMENTS, and Miss MISZ Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Course 1. Greenhouse and field study of the important flower families from the standpoint of evolution, classification, and identification, with especial reference to woody plants, com posites, weeds, and grasses; in the second semester, the emphasis is upon pollination and seed production, following the life history from the origin of pollen grains and ovules through fertilization, development of the embryo, germination, and growth; during the spring, par ticular attention is given to the Correlation of the year's results by means of the chart method of identification and classification.

SPECIAL COURSES

3. Plant Physiology and Ecology Mr. CLEMENTS Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Courses 1 and 2; by permission of the department the course may be taken in conjunction with Course 2. Study of the factors which make the plant's home, viZ., water, light, soil, heat, etc.; response of the plant to its home, absorption, transport, water-loss, food-making, storage, growth, fertilization, and reproduction; adaptation of plants to their various homes, and the origin of new forms by selection, adaptation, mutation, and hybridiZation; structure and development of vegetation, i. e., grouping, migration, competition, acclimatization. invasion. succession, zonation, etc. of plants. BOTANY 51

4. Algae Miss TILDEN Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Courses 1 and 2. A deta:Ied comparative studY of the structure and classification of the Algae; the blue-green and yellow-green Algae, together with a systematic examination of forms in the Minneapolis water supply, occupy the first semester, and the brown and the red marine Algae the second semester. Lectures, laboratory and reference work. 5. Fungi Mr. CLEMENTS Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Courses 1 and 2. The classification and life history of the various groups of Fungi based on identifi cation, culture, and field work, with particular reference to forms which cause plant and animal diseases. Lectures and discussions, laboratory, greenhouse and field work.

6. Mosses and Ferns Messrs. ROSENDAHL and HUFF Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Courses 1 and 2. Designed for students who wish to pay special attention to the morphology and tax onomy of liverworts. mosses, and ferns. Lectures, laboratory and field work.

7. Flowering Plants Mr. ROSENDAHL Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Courses 1 and 2. Designed to afford the student an opportunity to become Proficient in the determi nation of plant species and plant types, as well as to show the generic development and relationships of the flowering plants. Lectures, reference readinll'llaboratory, greenhouse, and herbarium work, together with field work in the fall and spring.

8. Ecology Mr. CLEMENTS Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Courses 1, 2, and 3. A critical study of plant habitats by means of instruments and the adaptations pro duced by water and by light, together with a careful examination of the causes and reactions of plant formations. Class discussions and quizzes, field and greenhouse work.

9. Plant Physiology Mr. CLEMENTS Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Courses 1, 2, and 3. A study of the relations of factor. function, and structure in the various organs of the plant, with special reference to absorption, transpiration, photosynthesis, respiration, irritability, and reproduction. Class discussions and quizzes, greenhouse and field work.

10. Cytology Mr. ROSENDAHL Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Courses 1 and 2. A survey of cell structure and the various phenomena of division, fusion and meta morphosis, together with a review of the history of cytologic investigation. Methods of cytological research indicated in the laboratory. Laboratory work and collateral reading.

11. Industrial Botany Miss TILDEN Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to tech nical students who have completed Course 1, and to academic students who have completed Courses 1 and 2. ------.------

A study of the origin, distribution, and cultivation of plants yielding products of economic value, the nature and use of these products, and the processes by which they are obtained from the plants. Lectures, demonstrations, topics, and laboratory work.

12. Plant Foodstuffs and Textiles Miss TILDEN Six credits (six hours per week); one or both semesters. Open to technical studentswhohave completed Course 1, and to academic students who have completed Courses 1 and 2. A study of the botany of foods, textiles, and fabrics, with reference to their source, structure, preparation, adulteration, etc., together with an inquiry into the relation 0'£ plants to household processes and problems. Lectures, demonstrations: topics, and labo ratory work.

15. Botanical Microchemistry Mr. CLEMENTS Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Course 1. A microscopical study by means of stains and reagents of the nature and structure of plant substances, in the natural condition as well as in the finished product. Lectures, laboratory and reference work.

16. Plant Studies and Methods Mr. CLEMENTS Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Courses 1 and 2. A course for teachers and for students intending to teach; the subjects of nature study and high school botany are presented as they are to be taught and not from the university point of view; the material is- taken up in detail in its proper sequence, and train ingin method is afforded as far as possible by practice in the Elementary School of the College of Education.

17. General Bacteriology Messrs. CLEMENTS and BUTTERS Six credits (six hours per week); both semest!lrs. Open to tech nical students who have completed Course 1, and to academic students who have completed Courses 1 and 2. The first semester of the course is given in the College of Medicine, and deals with the technique of general culture methods, inoculation, staining, etc. The second semester's work is primarily with non-pathogenic bacteria, yeasts, and molds in their relation to every day life, and to fundamental Processes among plants and animal... Cia.... discu....ions and quizzes and laboratory work.

18. Pharmacognosy Mr. NEWCOMB Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to pharma- calor medical students who have completed Course 1. Vegetable drugs, with respect to both gross and microscopical structure. The first semester, crude drugs; second semester, powdered drugs and their adulterations. Lectures, quizzes, and laboratory work.

GRADUATE COURSES

21. Morphology and Taxonomy Mr. ROSENDAHL Both semesters. Open to graduate students; other arrangements may be ascertained upon application to the department. CHEMISTRY 53

Important literature and necessary material will he provided for whatever research is entered upon, and the results of the investigations will be required to be prepared for pub lication. The course is an elastic one and will be adapted to the special training and require me,ts of those pursuing it.

22. Problems in Algology Miss TILDEN Both semesters. Open to graduate students; other arrangements may be ascertained upon application to the department. Research work may be done on special groups or along any of the following lines: The freshwater Algae of Minnesota; the Algae of the Minneapolis and St. Paul water supplies; the Algae of hot springs; lime-depositing Algae; arctic marine Algae (material from Van couver Island); tropical marine Algae (material from the Hawaiian Islands). Special facilities for study are offered by the Minnesota Seaside Station on Vancouver Island, which is open during the summer vacation.

23. Problems in Physiology and Ecology Mr. CLEMENTS Both semesters. Open to graduate students; other arrangements may be ascertained upon application to the department. Opportunity for research work in ecology and physiology is offered along the following lines: Critical investigation of the phYSical factors of the habitat by means of instruments; studies in plant functions and adaptations; the experimental production of new forms; investigations in the development and structure of vegetation, and especially in migration, competition. etc.

24. Problems in Cytology and Embryology Mr. CLEMENTS Both semesters. Open to graduate students; other arrangements may be ascertained upon application to the department. Research work may be taken along any of the following lin....: The minute structure of the cell; microchemistry of the cell; development of sporangia and spores; fecundation; development of the embryo; origin and development of the primary tissues; development of organs; correlatioD, etc.

CHEMISTRY

GEORGE B. FRANKFORTER, M.A., Ph.D., Professor, Head of Department of Chemistry 114 Chemistry Building CHARLES F. SIDENER, B.S., Professor 203 Chemistry Building EDWARD E. NICHOLSON, M.A., Assistant Professor 104 Chemistry Building EVERHART P. HARDING, M.S., Ph.D., Assistant Professor 209 Chemistry Building IRA H. DERBY, Ph.D., Assistant Professor 220 Chemistry Building FRANCIS C. FRARY, M.S., Assistant Professor 108 Chemistry Building WILLIAM H. HUNTER, Ph.D., Instructor 207 Chemistry Building LILLIAN COHEN, M.S., Instructor 106 Chemistry Building FRANK W. BLISS, B.A., M.S., Instructor 205 Chemistry Building BENJAMIN F. P. BRENTON, M.A., Instructor 207 Chemistry Building PAUL H. M.•P. BRINTON, Instructor 205 Chemistry Building LILLIAN L. NYE, M.A., Instructor 106 Chemistry Building EARL PETTIJOHN, B.S. Chern., Instructor 216 Chemistry Building WOLDEMAR M. STERNBERG, B.S., Chern. Eng., Instructor 205.£hemistry Building 54 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

HAROLD H. BROWN, M.A., Shevlin Fellow in Chemistry JOSEPH H. DEWITT, B.A., Assistant WARD LAMBERT, B.A., Assistant FREDERICK POPPE, M.S., Assist'ant ROGER WILSON, M.A., Assistant

R~QUIREMENTS OF THE DEPARTMENT

For a Minor, twelve credits. For a Major, eighteen credits, together with supporting subjects (thirty credits) selected from· Physics, Mathematics, Geology, Botany, Zoology, advanced modem languages, and additional Chemistry. For B. A. with Distinction, the general requirements (page 36) and six credits in addition to the requirements for a major. For a Teacher's Certificate, an average of at least good in Courses 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, and 25.

COURSES

No. '. Title Semester Credits Offered to Prereq. courses 1. .General Chemistry...... 1, 2 6*t Those who enter without Chemistry 2. Advanced General Chem- Those who enter with istry . 1,2 6* Chemistry Entrance credit in Chemistry 3. Qualitative Analysis . 1, 2 6* Soph., Jr., Sr. lor 2 4. Quantitative Analysis . 1,2 6* Jr., Sr. 3 5. Organic Chemistry . 1,2 6* Jr., Sr. 3 6. Theoretical Chemistry . 2 2 Jr., Sr. 5 18. Physical Chemistry . 1, 2 6* Jr., Sr. Chemistry 5, Physics 3 and 4 24. Radiochemistry...... 2 3 Jr., Sr. 25, Teachers'... '.' ..... : . . . . . 2 1 Sr. 3 26. Household & Sanitary Sci- ence...... , ... :...... 1,2 6* Jr., Sr. lor 2 - 33. Special Inorganic, ... ,.... Grad. 34. Electrochemistry...... Grad. 35. Organic Chemistry... ,... Grad. 36. Alkaloids...... Grad. ,37. Analytical Chemistry. .... Grad. 38. Theoretical Electrochem- ist,ry "•••...... Grad. *Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. tJuniors and seniors are allowed only half credit.

1. General Chemistry Miss COHEN and ASSISTANTS Six credits (six hours per week) ; both semesters. Open to all who do not present any entrance credits in Chemistry, but juniors and seniors receive only half credit. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. Recitation and laboratory work. A study of the common elements and their com pounds, with an introduction to the modem theories of chemistry. CHEMISTRY 55

2. Advanced General Chemistry Mr. FRANKFORTER, Miss COHEN, Miss NYE, and ASSIST ANTS Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to all who have completed a satisfactory entrance course in General Chemistry. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. Lectures and laboratory work. An introduction to physical and technological chemistry, with an exhaustive study of the chemical elem~nts.

3. Qualitative Analysis Messrs. NICHOLSON, BLISS, BRENTON, and ASSISTANTS Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Course 1 or 2. Lectures and laboratory work, with recitations and collateral reading. The general reactions of the metals and acids, with their qualitative separation; the ionic theory and the 'law of mass action, with special reference to common qualitative reactions.

4. Quantitative Analysis Messrs. SIlJENER and BRINTON Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Course 3. Qua~titative methods, with laboratory work in gravimetric analysis, first semester; standard solutions and the necessary stoechiometric calculations with ,laboratory work in volumetric analysis, second semester.

5. Organic Chemistry Messrs. FRANKFORTER, DERBY, HUNTER, and ASSISTANTS Six credits (two lectures and six hours of laboratory' work per week) ; both semesters. Open to those who'have completed Course 3. The aliphatic and the aromatic series, with tbe preparation of the more important compOunds.

6. Theoretical Chemistry Mr. DERBY Two credits (one lectureand onerecitation per week); second semester. Open to those who have completed Course 5. , A study of the most impOrtant theories which co-ordinate and unify chemical and physico-chemical phenomena.

18. Physical Chemistry Mr. DERBY Six credits; both semesters: Open to those who have completed Chemistry 5, Physics 3 and 4. Enables the student to gain a wide and varied knowledge of physico-chemical principles and methods both from the theoretical and practical standpoint.

24. Radiochemistry Mr. DERBY Three credits; second semester. To follow the course in theoretical electrochemistry and has to do with the phenomena associated with the various radioactive elements, including the chemicalchanges which these' elements undergo and the chemical reactions which may be inductd while the changes are in progress.

25. Teachers' Course Miss COHEN One credit (two hours per week); second semester. Open to those who have had Course 3. 56 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

Offered to those who are interested in the teaching of Chemistry. No regular labora tory work will be offered, but certain experiments illustrating the difference between good and poor work may be given.

26. Household and Sanitary Science Messrs. FRANKFORTER and HARDING Six credits; both semesters. Open to women of the junior and senior classes who have completed Course 1 or 2. To obtain credit. both semesters must be taken. Sanitation: I Chemical and sanitary analysis of water and air. f Causes and control of germ diseases, disinfection, pests, etc. Foodstuffs: Origin, preparation, purity, analysis and adulteration, selection, prep aration, preservation. Personal Hygiene: Dietetics, food values, clothing, exercise, etc. The following professors will co-operate in giving the course: Messrs. Wesbrook, Beard, Clements, Flather, Nachtrieb, and Bass.

GRADUATE COURSES

The following are open to graduate stllnents. Arrangements may be made upon application to the department. 33. Special Inorganic Chemistry. 34. Electrochemistry. 35. Organic Chemistry. 36. Alkaloids. 37. Analytical Chemistry. 38. Theoretical Electrochemistry.

COMPARATIVE PHIL(.OGY

FREDERICK KLAEBER, Ph.D., Professor, Head of Department of Com- parative Philology 222 Folwell Hall

For a Minor, Courses I, 2, 3, 4, 6. For a Major, Courses I, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, together with two additional courses and reinforcing subjects (thirty credits) selected from English, ancient languages,'and advanced modern languages. For B. A. with Distinction, the general requirements (page 36) and English 2, 3, and 18', or English 2 and German 14, in addition to the re quirements for a major. This department, besides offering courses in the general principles of linguistic science, affords an opportunity for elementary studies in com parative Indo-European Philology, and more particularly the investiga tion of Old Germanic dialects. Related courses in English Philology will be found under English Language and Literature. COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY 57

COURSES

No. Title Semester Credits Offered to Prereq. courses 1. Science of Language...... 1 2 Soph., Jr., Sr. None 2. Life of Words...... 2 2 Soph., Jr., Sr. None 3. Teutonic Philology...... 2 2 Soph., Jr., Sr. See statement 4. Universal Language...... 1 2 Jr., Sr. None S. Science of Lang. (Adv.).. 2 2 Jr., Sr. 1 6. Comparative Phonology .. 2 2 Jr., Sr. See statement 7. Comparative Grammar . Grad. 8. Gothic . Grad. 9. Urgerf\l. Gram . Grad. 10. Old Saxon . Grad. 11. Old High German . Grad.

1. General Introduction to the Science of Language Mr. KLAEBER Two credits (two hours per week); first semester. Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. Sufficiently general to be of use to all students who wish to obtain an insight into the life of language.

2. The Life of Words Mr. KLAEBER Two credits (two hours per week); second semester. Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. Alternates with Course 3. Etymology and semasiology. Growth of vocabulary; change of words in form and meaning. Lectures and exercises with special reference to English and other Germanic languages.

3. Introduction to Teutonic Philology Mr. KLAEBER Two credits (two hours per week) ; second semester. Open to sopho mores, juniors, and seniors who have a fair knowledge of German. Alter nates with Course 2. History of Germanic Philology, biographies of leading scholars 0. Grimm and others). Classification of the Germanic languages. Rapid survey of the various branches of the Teutonic group (Gothic, Norse, English, Frisian, Dutch, Low German, High German).

4. The Universal Language Mr."KLAEBER Two credits (two hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors. Comparison of the principal families of languages in grammatical and lexical respects. History of the movement for the creation of an international language. Consideration of the merits of Volapuk, Esperanto, Ido, and other artificial languages. Exercises in Esperanto.

5. Science of Language, Advanced Course Mr. KLAEBER Two credits (two hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 1. Alternates with Course 6. Investigation of linguistic problems. Study of standard works (Paul, Delbriick, Wundt, Jespersen,etc.). Reports on recent publications.

6. Comparative Phonology of English and German Mr. KLAEBER Two credits (two hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have a fair knowledge of German. Alternates with Course S. 58 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

Elements of phonetics; history of English and German sounds; orthography. The lectures will be supplemented by practical exercises.

7. Comparative Grammar of the Greek, Latin, and Germanic Languages Mr. KLAEBER Open to graduate students who have taken an undergraduate major in a linguistic subject; other arrangements may be ascertained upon appli cation to the department. A general survey of the field of Indo-Germanic Philology will be included.

8. Gothic Mr. KLAEBER Open to graduate students who have taken an undergraduate major in a linguistic subject; other arrangements may be ascertained upon appli cation to the department, The relation of Gothic to other Germanic dialects will be particularly emphasized. Study of the grammar (Braune, J. Wright, Streitberg) and reading of texts (Stamm-Heyne Wrede's Ulfilas, or Streitberg's GotisCM Bibel).

9. Urgermanische Grammatik Mr. KLAEBER Open to graduate students who have completed Course 8; other arrangements may be'ascertained upon application to the department. Lectures and study of standard works (Brugmann, Kluge, Noreen, Streitberg, ., al.).

10. Old Saxon Mr. KLAEBER Open to graduate students who have taken an undergraduate major in a linguistic subject; other arrangements may be ascertained upon application to the department. Old Saxon Grammar and interpretation of the H.liand.

11. Old High German Mr. KLAEBER Open to graduate students who have taken an undergraduate major in a linguistic subject; other arrangements may be ascertained upon applicatiqn to the department, Braune's Allhochd.utscM Grammalik; Braune's AllhochdeutscMs Les.buch. This course is identical with German 14.

ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE

*JOHN H. GRAY, Ph.D., Professor, Head of Department of Economics and Political Science Mechanic Arts Building EDWARD VAN DYKE ROBINSON, Ph.D., Professor, Acting Head of Depart ment of Economics and Political Science, Feb. 1912-Feb. 1913. Mechanic Arts Building WILLIAM A. SCHAPER, Ph.D., Professor Mechanic Arts Building CARL W. THOMPSON, M.A., Associate Professor and Director of the . Bureau of Research in Agricultural Economics Mechanic Arts Building

*Absent on leave second semester, 1911-12 and first semester, 1912-13. ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE 59

THOMAS WARNER MITCHELL, Ph.D., Assistant Professor Mechanic Arts Building JEREMIAH S. YOUNG, Ph.D., Assistant Professor Mechanic Arts Building J. FRANKLIN EBERSOLE, M.A., Assistant Professor, Mechanic Arts Building CEPHAS D. ALLIN, M.A., LL.B., Assistant Professor Mechanic Arts Building LOUIS D. H. WELD, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Extension Work Mechanic Arts Building RAYMOND V. PHELAN, Ph.D., Instructor, Extension Work Mechanic Arts Building CHARLES H. PRESTON, B.A., Instructor, Extension Work Mechanic Arts Building ALBERT B. BALCOM, M.A., Instructor, Extension Work Mechanic Arts Building

For a Minor, twelve credits, all in Economics or all in Political Science, except that Business Law may be taken in either group. For a Major, eighteen credits, all in Economics or all in Political Science, except that Business Law may be taken in either group. Unless registered in a combined Academic-Professional course, students taking a major in Economics must take a minor in Political Science, and vice versa; and must take additional supporting subjects (eighteen credits) selected from other courses in Economics or Political Science, History, Sociology, Psychology or Philosophy; or from other subjects according to individual arrangements with advisers. For B. A. u:ith Distinction, the general requirements (page 36), six credits in addition to the general requirements for a major, and not less than twelve credits in History, Psychology, Philosophy, or Sociology, or all combined. For a Teacher's Certificate in business subjects. a major in Economics, including Accounting, Business Law, and Economic Geography; for a T.eacher's Certificate in Government, a major in Political Science. In either case an average of good in the major line of work is prerequisite. The Departments of Economics and Political Science, History, and Sociology and Anthropology constitute a Social Science group. The subjects are intimately inter-related, and they are all of especial impor tance to students who intend to engage in law, business, public service at home or abroad, journalism, the work of charities and corrections, or to give instruction in one of the social sciences. Students who are interested in the work of anyone of the departments of the social science group ought to be familiar at least with the elements of the subjects offered in the other departments. A student who takes his major in anyone of them ought to have more than the elements of the others. 60 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

SUGGESTIONS AS TO COURSES IN THE DEPARTMENT

In order to aid students who have some idea as to their intended profession or calling to make a wise choice of courses, the accompanying tabulated statement has been prepared. These recommendations are merely suggestive and more courses are sometimes recommended than suffice to make up a technical minor or major in order that students may choose those courses which interest them the most. Economics 1 and Political Science 1 are not included in these recom mendations, as they must, in any case, precede the advanced courses; nor is Economics 4 included, as it is required of all taking a major in Economics. Students desiring merely a general acquaintance with Economics or Political Science as part of a liberal education and as a preparation for citizenship are recommended to take the introductory courses and such others, amounting at least to a minor, as their interests may indicate.

ECONOMICS

COURSES No. Title Semester Credits Offered to Prereq. courses rntroduetory Courses: I. Elements of Economics...... lor 2 3 Soph., Jr., Sr. None 2a. Physical and Human Geog... 1,2 6t Soph., Jr., Sr. See statement 2b. Economic Geography...... 2 3 Soph., Jr., Sr. See statement *3a. Indust. Hist. of Europe...... 1 3 Soph., Jr., Sr. None *3b. Indust. Hist. of U. S...... 2 3 Soph., Jr., Sr. NOJ;le General Courses: 4. Advanced Economics...... 2 3 Soph., Jr., Sr. 1 5. Money and Banking...... 2 3 Soph., Jr., Sr. 1 6. Public Finance & Taxation .. 1 3 Jr., Sr. 1 7. Railway Problems...... 1 3 Jr., Sr. 1 *8a. Development of Commerce... 1 3 Jr., Sr. 1 *8b. Economics of Colonization... 1 3 Jr., Sr., Grad. 6 credo in Econ . 9. Commercial Policies...... 2 3 Soph., Jr., Sr. 1 10. Municipal Industries...... 2 3 Jr.. Sr. 1 II. The Modern Bus. Corpor'n... 1 3 Jr., Sr. 1 12. Socialism vs. State Regul.... tion...... 1 3 Jr., Sr. 13. Labor Problems...... 1,2 6t Jr., Sr. 14. Econ. Conditions in Cities.... 2 3 Jr., Sr. Specialiucl Coursss: 15. Business Organization...... 2 3 Soph., Jr., Sr. 1 16. The Principles of Accounting 1 3 Jr., Sr. 1 17. Corporation Accounting ..... 2 3 Jr., Sr., Grad. 1 and 16 18. Problemsin Accounting....• 1 3 Sr., Grad. 16, 17 19. Auditing...... 2 3 Sr., Grad. 16, 17, 18 *20. Advertising and Credit.. , ... 2 3 Jr., Sr. 1 21. Business Law...... 1,2 ot Jr., Sr. lor Pol. Sci. 1 22. Rural Economics...... • 1 3 Jr., Sr. 1 *23. Forest Econ. & Conservation 1 3 Jr., Sr. 1 *Starred courses are given in alternate years. tBoth semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. ECONOMICS POLITICAL SCIENCE

Courses advised Additional advis- Courses advised Additional ad- In preparation for for a minor ed for a major for a minor vised for a major

4, 5, 10, 9, 12, 6, 9, 11, 10, 24 5, 7, 28 Law 2,3, 7,8, IS, 17 14, 20, 19, 18

2, 3, 7, IS, 14,9, 8, 4, 5, 10, 12, 3a, 3b, 6, 11, 10 12, 16, 27 Public Service 18,20 19, 17, 20

2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 9 Consular and Diplo- 2, 3, 5, 10, 14, 5,7, 15 4,8, 12, 17,20 8b, 27 matic Service 20, 19, 18

6, 7, 10, 11 12,13.27,28 Journalism 17,20 4,5, 12, 18, 19,

13, 16, 17, 21, Engineering or 26, 7, 11, 10 6,7, 14, 15 4,8,20 15 Railway Service

Chemistry or 2b, 9, 8a, 11, 13 16, 17, 21; IS, 27 Manufacturers 2,3,7,9 8, 12, 14, 18, 20

7, 11, 13, 2a, 2b, 9, 8, 21 Mining 2, 3, 7, IS, 9 8, 12, 14, 20

Insurance or 5, 25, 26, 27 16, 17, 18, 21, 24 Banking 2,3,7,14, IS, 17 4, 8, 10, 12, 20

2b, 3a, 3b, 5, IS, 16, 20, 21, 24 General Business 8a,9 2,3,7, 15,9,17 8, 12, 19,20

2a, 2b, 23, 22, 8a, Forestry or 7, 5, 16, 21 2, 3 ,IS, 14 9, 12, 8, 20 9 Agriculture Teaching Business 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 5, 2,3,7,9, 13,15, 4, 5, 12, 10, 8, IS, 16, 21, 29 Subjects or Ameri- 28 17,1820, 14,19 I can Government 3a, 3b, 5, 14 I 6, 9, 11, 10 Medicine I 2,3,7,9 8, 12, IS, 20 Charity Work or 9, 12, IS, 18, 3a, 3b, 13, 14 12, 28, Sa 1, 3, 7. 8. 17 I the Ministry 19,20 3a,3b, 13, 14 I 12,28,8a The Ministry I 19,20 ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE 61

No, Title Semester Credits Offered to Prereq. courses 24. Investment & Speculation.... 2 3 Jr., Sr., Grad. 1 and 5 25. Personal Insurance...... 1 3 Jr., Sr. 1 26. Property Insurance...... 2 3 Jr., Sr. 1 Adoonced and Graduate Courses: "27. Theory and Prac. of Statistics 1 3 Jr., Sr., Grad. 6 credo in Econ. 28. Hist. of Economic Thought.. 1 3 Jr., Sr., Grad. 1 and 4 29. Seminarin Econ. Developm't 2 3 Sr., Grad. 1 and 4 30. Seminar in Corporations..... I, 2 6t Sr., Grad. 1 and 4 31, Seminar in Accounting...... I, 2 6t Sr., Grad. 16 and 17 32. Pro-Seminar in Labor Prob... 1,2 6t Sr., Grad. 13 33. Seminar in Agric. Economics.. 1,2 6t Sr., Grad. 1 and 22 34. Economic Conference...... 1,2 Sr., Grad. See statement "Starred courses are given in alternate years. tBoth semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester.

INTRODUCTORY COURSES

1. Elements of Economics Messrs. ROBINSON, THOMPSON, MITCHELL, and EBERSOLE Three'credits (three hours per week); each semester. Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. Elements of economic theory, with special reference to present-day economic and social problems. Marshall, Wright, and Field's Outlines and a text-book, supplemented by lectures with a weekly quiz,

2a. Physical and Human Geography Messrs. LEHNERTS and ROBINSON Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to sopho mores, juniors, and seniors who have not taken Geography 29a. Con stitutes a unit course for which no credit is allowed until both semesters are completed. May be counted toward a major or minor in either the Department of Geology and Mineralogy or the Department of Economics and Political Science. First semester, given by Mr. Lehnerts: Fundamental physiographic facts, processes, and relations, with special reference to their effect on the activities of mankind; planetary relations, climate, land forms, and oceans; rivers, lakes, and waterpowers; ground water and soils; mountains, plateaus, and plains; deserts, steppes, and prairies. Lectures, laboratory and field work. Second semester, given by Mr. Robinson: A study of economic and political develop ment in relation to nature, exclusive of ethnography; meaning of the geographic and the economic interpretations of history; economic progress as a phase of adaptation to environ ment, illustrated by reference to the industrial conditions of the leading countries. Text book, supplemented by lectures and reports on special topics.

2b. Economic Geography Mr. ROBINSON Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors, except those who have admission credit in Commercial Geography. Course 2a may profitably precede or accompany 2b. The economic basis of modem civilization; the causes, both in nature and man, which control the localization of industries; the geographic factor in American history and economic development; natural resources and the economic problem of their use and conservation; the principal extractive, manufacturing, and distributive industries of the United States, •

62 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS its outlying possessions, and the leading foreign countries, especially those which have a large prospectivevalue as markets for American manufactures and as fields for the invest ment of American capital. Text-book with lectures and special reports. The following courses dealing with the materials of commerce and with industrial processes, may profitably follow Course 2b, if students desire to specialize along those lines: Materials of Commerce (evening course), Animal Biology 20 (Economic Zoology), Botany 11 (Industrial Botany), Chemistry 16-17 (Industrial Chemistry). *3a. Modern Industrial and Commercial History of Europe Mr. GRAY Three credits (three hours per week) ; first semester. Open to sopho mores, juniors, and seniors. The industrial and commercial development of the chief European countries since the middle of the 18th century, with special attention to Great Britain; the effects of mechanical invention and political change on industry and trade. Course 3a requires no preliminary course and may be taken advantageously with Course 1 orCourse 2b. (See Course 3b.) Not given in 1912-13. *3b. Industrial and Commercial History of the United States Mr. GRAY Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. Courses 3a and 3b are conducted each with a text-book, supplemented by lectures and prescribed topical readings. In each of these courses, one written report of considerable length will be required each semester. Not given in 1912-13.

GENERAL COURSES 4. Advanced Economics Mr. ROBINSON Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to those who have completed Course 1; required for a major in Economics and should be taken as soon as possible after Course 1. An advanced course in economic theory, devoted chiefly to a study of recent theories of distribution. Assigned readings, reports, and discussions. S. Money and Banking Mr. EBERSOLE Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to those who have completed Course 1. The! nature, functions, and theories of money, with special reference to the monetary history of the United States; the nature and uses of credit, including foreign exchange; the functions of banks and trust companies; types of banking systemsin this and other countries. Lectures, text-book, assigned readings, and discussions. 6. Public Finance and Taxation Mr. ROBINSON Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 1. The development of the state as an economic organism; public expenditures from .the view-point of public wants; budget systems of leading countries with special emphasis on the United States; public revenues from public domaios and industries; tax systems, tax reforms, and special forms of taxation. Text-book with lectures and reports on special topics. 7. Railway Problems Mr. ROBINSON Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 1. \

ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE 63

Conditions affecting economy of operation; economic principles underlying the mak ing of railway rates; competition in relation to rate wars, discrimination, pooling, and combi nation; the great railway systems of the United States; regulation by the states and the federal government; government ownership and operation of railways in Europe and Australasia. Lectures, assigned readings, and special topics.

*8a. Development of Commerce Mr. ROBINSON Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to those who have completed Course 1. The development of commerce and of commercial policies prior to the Industrial Revolution. Text-book, supplemented by lectures and assigned readings. Alternates with Course 8b. Given in 1912-13.

*8b. Economics of Colonization Mr. ROBINSON Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to those who have six credits in Economics. The economic causes of human migration; historical survey of colonization and classification of colonies with reference to their economic bases; colonial commerce in rela tion to modern commercial and foreign policies; preferential tarifis and imperial federation. Lectures, assigned readings, and reports on special topics. Alternates with Course 8a. Not given in 1912-13.

9. Commercial Policies Mr. ROBINSON Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to those who have completed Course 1. Theory and mechanism of international commerce; free trade, reciprocity and pro tection, with special emphasis on the tarifi history and policy of the United States; organi zation of the export trade; commercial treaties and foreign politics; the consular and diplo matic service as a factor in commerce. Lectures, assigned readings, and reports on special topics.

10. Municipal Industries Mr. GRAY Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 1; if possible should be preceded by Course 11. The causes and the social and economic effects of the recent rapid development of municipal industries; a comparison of the results of public and of private ownership. Text book, lectures, and quizzes.

11. The Modem Business Corporation Mr. GRAY Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to those who have completed Course 1. The organizing, financing, and managing of corporations; the position of the corpo ration before the law; methods of accounting; the relation of the government to the corpo ration; the question of trusts in its various phases. Text-books: Ripley, Tn'S/s, Pools, and Corpo,,»ions; Meade's Trust Finance; Wyman's Cases. Lectures, class discussions, and reports. 12. Socialism versus State Regulation Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 1. Aristocracy versus democracy in economics; competition, socialism, and state regu· Iation plus education as means of achieving economic justice; special attention to socialism as a philosophy of industrial evolution and a program of economic reform, and to the alterna tive of adequate, reasonable, and efficient public regulation of private economics. Lectures, assigned readings, and discussions. 64 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

13. Labor Problems Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 1. No credit given unless both semesters are completed. Modern labor problems: Woman and child labor, industrial education, unemploy ment, poverty, industrial hygiene, welfare work, profit sharing, co-operation, labor unions, strikes, boycotts, conciliation and arbitration. Immigration: Causes, effects, remedies. Lectures, text-book, assigned readings, discussions, and investigations of local conditions.

14. Economic Conditions in American Cities Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 1. The causes of economic dependence in American cities, the standard of living and the constructive agencies for economic betterment. Lectures, assigned readings, nd visits of inspection in the Twin Cities.

SPECIALIZED COURSES

15. Business Organization Mr. MITCHELL Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to those who have completed Course 1. Forms of organization to effect business control; executive committees; the main departments of a business and the principles governing sub-departmentization and office organization of each. Based on Parson's Business AdminmraJion, with lectures, theses, and class discussions.

16. Principles of Accounting Mr. MITCHELL Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to those who have completed Course 1. Aims and essentials of a desirable system of accounts; tabular books and ledger sys tems; proper treatment of discounts, contingent liabilities, and anticipated losses; deprecia tion; expense classification; preparation and interpretation of revenue accounts, balance sheets, and other business statements. A laboratory course, with supplementary lectures.

17. Corporation and Cost Accounting Mr. MITCHELL Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to those who have completed Courses 1 and 16. The books and accounts peculiar to a corporation. Cost accounting; the Classifics tkln of production costs; methods of managing materials, labor, and machines; methods of distributing indirect costs; methods of compiling process and contract costs; relatkln of cost to general accounts; use of cost data to show forth and enforce economy of operation. A laboratory course supplemented by lectures.

18. Problems in Expert Accounting Mr. MITCHELL Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to those who have completed Courses 16 and 17. Not given in 1912-13. A llelection from C. P. A. examinations and other sources of difficult problems that confront the professional accountant; the analysis of railway and other corporation reports.

19. Auditing Mr. MITCHELL Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to those who have completed Courses 16, 17, and 18. ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE 65

The duties and qualifications of an auditor; the method of preparing for, and con ducting, an audit; the auditor's report and certification; legal responsibilities of auditors. Based on Dicksee's Auditing. Montgomery's American Edition; assigned readings, class discussions, and lectures.

*20. Advertising, Salesmanship, and Commercial Credit Mr. WELD Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 1. Various types of advertising; organization of advertising department and methods of measuring relative values of advertising media; advertising agencies. Qualities necessary in a good salesman. Forms and uses of credit; organization of credit department; mercan tile agencies, creditmen's associations, and credit bureaus; credit insurance. Not given in 1912-13.

21. Elements of Business Law Mr. YOUNG Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 1 or Political Science, Course 1. The principles of law governing ordinary commercial transactions, so much as every educated man ought to know for his guidance in every-day business affairs; the general law of contracts, bankruptcy, agencY, sales, negotiable instruments, partnership, and corporations. Lectures, quiz""s. and assigned readings.

22. Principles of Rural Economics Mr. THOMPSON Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 1. Introductory survey of agricultural systems; comparison of rural and urban economy; a study of internal and external economies of agricultural industries, giving special atten tion to localization, marketing, land tenure, and credit; the social and political aspects of rural economy. Lectures, assigned readings, and written reports.

*23. Forest Economics and Conservation Mr. ROBINSON Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 1. The development of forest policies in Europe and America; economic relation of forests to other industries; share of forest products in foreign commerce; effects of trans portation rates and forest taxation; the general problem of the conservation of natural resources, with special reference to forestry. Lectures, assigned readings, and reports. Not given in 1912-13.

24. Investment and Speculation Mr. EBERSOLE Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 5. The social significance of the processes of saving and investing; private property as a basis of investment; funds, credit instruments, and other machinery of investment; invest ment markets; laws of investment values and causes affecting values; the various classes of investments; organization and working of stock and produce exchanges; Walliitreet; invest ment versus speculation versus gambling. Lectures, assigned readings, and interpretation of quotations, financial articles, and market reports.

25. Personal Insurance (Life and Accident) Mr. WELD Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 1. Life and accident insurance; history and evolution of life insurance; the social func tions of insurance and its importance in the business world; the different types of policy and ~-~--~---~ - ~-----~~~ -~------

66 SCIENCE, LITERATURE. A,ND THE ARTS

the technical meaning of premium, reserve, dividend, surplus, expectation of life, annuities, surrender values, extensions, loans, paid-up insurance, etc.; the personal insurance problem and its solution; public regulation. Lectures and assigned readings.

26. Property Insurance Mr. WELD Three credits (three hours -per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 1. The basic theory of fire insurance; the historic development of various forms of prop erty insurance, a technical study of an insurance company of each type; critical examina tion of policy contracts. Lectures and assigned readings.

ADVANCED AND GRADUATE COURSES

*27. Theory and Practice of Statistics Mr. WELD Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors, seniors, and grat1uate students who have six credits in Eccmomics. Statistical method and the work of the statistician; general critical survey of present day statistical information; correct principles of collection, tabulation, classification, and interpretationofstatistical material. A first-hand investigation into some practical problem by the class. Lectures, assigned readings, and work on special problems.

28. Pro-Seminar in the History, Scope, and Methods of Economics Mr. ROBINSON Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to grad uate students, juniors, andseniorswho have completed Economics I and 4. In 1912-13 the general topic will be the history of economic thought in ancient, medieval, and modern times. In alternate years, emphasis will be placed on the scope and logical methods of Economics, the relation of Economics to the other social sciences and to Ethics, and on methods of investigation and instruction in Economics. Assigned readings, reports on special topics and class discussions. Method of work informal, approaching the seminar plan. Courses 2 and 11 in Pbilosophy (Logic and Etbics) may profitably precede or accom pany Course 28.

29. Seminar in the Economic Development of the Middle West . Mr. ROBINSON Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to graduate students and to seniors who have credit in Economics 1 and 4. Course 2b should also precede Course 29. In 1912-13 members of the seminar will undertake original investigations relating to the development of various industries in the Middle West. In alternate years, attention will be given to the development of tax systems and present problems in taxation, viewed as functions of economic development. Reference reading, discussions, and thesis work.

30. Seminar in Corporation and Trust Problems Mr. GRAY Six credits (three hoursper week); both semesters. Open to graduate students and to seniors who have credit in Courses 1 and 4, and are capable of original investigations. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given. Practical investigation of problems pertaining to corporations, trusts, and other monopolies. ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE 67

31. Seminar in Accounting Mr. MITCHELL Six credits (three hours per week) ; both semesters. Open to seniors and graduate students who have completed Courses 16 and 17. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given. Student reports dealing with the accounting systems, published reports and interpre tation of the accounts of business establishments located in or near the Twin Cities.

32. Pro-Seminar in Labor Problems Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to seniors and graduate students who have completed Course 13. No credit is given unless both semesters are completed. Original investigation and research; conducted in co-operation with the various agencies interested in promoting investigation of labor problems, affording training for practical work in the field of the labor problem.

33. Seminar in Agricultural Economics Mr. THOMPSON Six credits (three hours per week); bot':! semesters. Open to graduate students and seniors who have completed Courses 1 and 22. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given. Research problems in the marketing and distribution of fann products, agricultural credit, fann ownership and tenancy, and agricultural organizations.

34. Economic Conference All the instructors in Economics and the Librarian Once a month (no credit); both semesters. A monthly meeting of the instructional staff, the scholars, graduate students, and seniors taking majors in Economics. Required of students electing any of the economic seminars. Lectures on bibliographical aids by Mr. Gerould; papers prepared for various advanced courses presented for criticism; reports by members of the conference on current economic events and literature.

POLITICAL SCIENCE

COURSES No. Title S,mester Credits Offered to Prereq. courses I ntroduetory Course: 1. American Government...... lor 2 3 Soph., Jr., Sr. None General Courses: 2. Comparative Government..... 1 3 Jr., Sr. See statement 3. Elements of Jurisprudence .... 1 3 Jr., Sr. See statement 7. Municipal Administration..... 2 3 Soph., Jr., Sr. 1 *9. Political Parties...... 1 3 Jr., Sr. I, and 2 or 15 10. Diplomacy...... 1 3 Jr., Sr. I, and 7 or 15 12. Colonial Administration...... I 3 Jr., Sr. 1 15. State and Local Government.. 2 3 Soph., Jr., Sr. 1 *17. Modern Political Thought..... 2 3 Jr., Sr. 1 18. Comparative Federal Gov't.... 2 3 Jr., Sr. I, and 2 or 15 *20. Compo Latin American Gov'ts.. 2 3 Jr., Sr. 1 21. Business Law...... 1,2 6t Jr., Sr. lor Econ. I Special Courses: 6. Commercial Law (Engineers) .. 2 2 Sr. None 13. Government (Teachers') ...... 2 I Jr., Sr. 1 and 2 16. Amer. Gov't (Engineers) ..... I 2 Jr. None

*Starred courses are given in alternate years. tBoth semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. 68 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

No. Title Semester Credits Offered to Prereq. courses Adva"".d and Graduate Courses: *4. Constitutional Law...... 1,2 6t Jr., Sr. I, 2, & 8 or 15 5. International Law...... 2 3 Jr., Sr. l,and2orlO 8. Theory of the State...... 2 3 Jr., Sr. 1,&2or7or 15 II. Seminar...... 1,2 6t Sr., Grad. 12 cred's in Po- litical Science *14. Comparative Administration... 3 Jr., Sr. I, and 2 or 15 *19. The Police Power...... 3 Jr., Sr. 6 credits in Po- litical Science *Starred courses are given in alternate Years. tBoth semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester.

1. American Government Messrs. SCHAPER, YOUNG, and ALLIN Three credits (three hours per week); each semester. Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. Intended as a preparation for the advanced courses in Political Science, for teaching in secondary schools, and for good citizenship. Organization and actual workings of the national and local governments; nature and origin of the American governmental system; important statutes on naturalization, organization of the judiciary, and of executive depart ments, interstate commerce, trusts, etc. Text, lectures, and special topics.

2. Comparative Government Mr. ALLIN Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to those who have completed Course 1 and three additional credits in the depart ment. The organization and working of the governments of the great European powers of today, especially of France, Germany, Great Britain, and Italy. Text, with lectures and assigned readings.

3. The Elements of Jurisprudence Mr. SCHAPER Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to those who have completed Course 1 and three additional credits in the depart ment. Those human relations requiring legal regulation considered from the American point of view; the nature and source of law, status, rights and wrongs, partnership, corpora tions, etc.; practice in looking up cases and summarizing leading principles. Intended for active citizenship and for the study of law. Text, with lectures and assigned readings.

*4. American Constitutional Law Mr. SCHAPER Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Courses 1, 2, and 8 or 15. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. Offered in 1911-12. An advanced course in the study of the principles of our constitutional law based on important Supreme Court decisions and standard works.

5. International Law Mr. ALLIN Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to those who have completed Courses 1 and 2 or 10. Nature, sources, and sanction of international law; general principles as developed by positive agreement, common usage, and judicial decisions, in particular of the status of nations, the rules of peace, neutrality, and war, and the arbitration movement. Text, lectures, and supplementary reading. I I I I ~ ECONOMICS A ND POLITICAL SCIENCE 69 r 6. Commercial Law (Engineers) Mr. YOUNG Two credits (two hours per week); second semester. Intended primarily for seniors in the College of Engineering.

7. Municipal Administration Mr. SCHAPER Threecredits (threehoursper week); second semester. Open to those who have completed Course 1. Modern city charters and methods of administration, the relation of the city to the state, the delimitation of its sphere of activity, its liability for tort, and an investigation into the causes of municipal corruption and merits of proposed reforms. A text, lectures, and special topics.

8. Theory of the State Mr. SCHAPER Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to those who have completed Courses I, and 2 or 7 or 15. Modern political theory; the origin, nature, and purpose of the state; fundamental principles common to all states and governments; the leading theories of the individualists, socialists, anarchists, and other groUps. A text-book with readings in the sources, and lectures.

*9. Political Parties Mr. SCHAPER Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to those who have completed Courses I, and 2 or 15. An advanced course in political parties, their origin, development, and function. Methods of making nominations, securing minority representation, the recall, the initiative and referendum, etc. Text, lectures and special topics. Offered in 1912-13.

10. Diplomacy Mr. ALLI~ Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to those who have completed Courses I, and 7 or 15. Outline of the growth of international relations; the mode of conducting foreign affairs; the relation of the treaty-making power to legislation; the duties and immunities of diplomats; the consular service; the framing, interpretation, and termination of treaties and compacts; the character and procedure of courts of arbitration. Text, lectures, and supple mentary reading.

11. Seminar in Political Science Messrs. SCHAPER, YOUNG, and ALLIN Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to graduate students and seniors of suitable preparation. Research in the field of Political Science; the discussion of current problems in politics and administration.

12. Colonial Administration Mr. ALLIN Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to those who have completed Course 1. The principal classes of colonies; the causes of colonization; the social, economic, and political tendencies of colonial development; imperial relations; preferential trade and inde pendence; the political systems of modern colonial governments; the organization and administration of the Portuguese, Spanish, English, French, Dutch, and German colonies, and American territories and dependencies. Lectures, assigned readings, and special topics. 70 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

13. Teachers' Course in Government Mr. SCHAPER One credit (one hour per week); second semester. Open to students of suitable preparation who intend to teach American gO' ernment in the secondary schools. Lectures and the examination of text-books, maps, and other materials useful to teachers.

*14. Comparative Administration Mr. YOUNG Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Courses 1, and 2 or 15. Administration as a science, its'origin and development; an analysis of the adminis trative systems of the United States, England, France, and Germany, with special reference to the law of officers, the merit systems, and the growth of special administrative tribunals. Text, lectures, and cases. Not offered in 1912-13.

15. State and Local Government Mr. YOUNG Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to those who have completed Course 1. A comparative study of our state constitutions; relation of the states to the United States and to the local units of government; recent experiments such as the initiative and referendum, the recall, primary systems of nominating, the preferential plan of voting, modification of the judicial system, and the extension of the police power. Texts, lectures, and special reports.

16. American Government (Engineers) Mr. YOUNG Two credits (two hours per week); first semester. For students in the College of Engineering.

*17. Modern Political Thought Mr. YOUNG Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to those who have taken Course 1. Democracy; the reform movements; the decline of individualism; the extension of the sphere of governmental activity and American political ideals and theories. Lectures and assigned readings. Not offered in 1912-13.

18. Comparative Federal Government Mr. ALLIN Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to those who have taken Courses 1, and 2 or 15. Ancient and modem confederations and federal unions, with special attention to the description and analysis of the federal constitutions of the United States, Switzerland, Canada, and Australia, to the South African Union and the proposals for Imperialfederation; the nationalistic tendencies of the federal system; the influence of political parties and com mercial policies upon federal organization. Lectures, reports, and assigned readings.

*19. The Police Power Mr. YOUNG Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have six credits in Political Science. The nature and scope of the police power; the public welfare, including safety, order, morals. and protection against fraud and oppression; the fundamental rights under the police power. Freund's Police POWt!r, with lectures, cases, and class reports. Offered in 1012-13. EDUCATION 71

*20. Comparative Latin American Governments Mr. ~CHAPER Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to those who have taken Course 1. The governments and political conditions of Brazil, Argentine, Chile, and Mexico. Text, lectures, and assigned reading. Not offered in 1912-13.

21. Business Law Mr. YOUNG Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters...Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 1 or Economics, Course 1. For description see Economics, Course 21, page 65.

EDUCATION

GEORGE F. JAMES, Ph.D., Professor, Head of Department of Education 125 Folwell Hall ALBERT Vv'. RANKIN, B.A., Professor 125 Folwell Hall FLETCHER H. SWIFT, Ph.D., Professor 300 Folwell Hall *EowARO G. QUIGLEY, B.A., Assistant Professor tSAMUEL QUIGLEY, M.A., Assistant Professor 319 Folwell Hal!

For a Minor, twelve credits. For a Major, eighteen credits, together with reinforcing subjects (thirty credits) selected from History, Philosophy, Economics, Politics, sciences, and languages according to special aim of the individual.

No. Title Semester Credits Offered to Prereq. courses 1. Hist. of Educ. to Reformation... 1 3 Jr., Sr. None 2. Hist. of Mod. Education...... 2 3 Jr., Sr. None 3. Brief History of Education ..... lor 2 3 Jr., Sr. None 4. Secondary Education...... 1 3 Sr. None 5. Prin. and Org. of El. Teaching .. 1 3 Jr., Sr. None 6. Prin. and Org. of Sec. Teaching. 2 3 Sr. None 7. Theoryof Education...... 1 3 Jr., Sr. Phil. laor Ib 8. School Administration...... 1 3 Sr. 1 and 2, or 3 9. School Supervision...... 2 3 Sr. See statement 10. Compo Study of School Systems. 2 3 Sr. None 11. Philosophy of Education...... 2 3 Sr. 1 and 2, or 3 & Phil. laor Ib 12. Current Prob. in Elem. Teaching 1 2 Sr., Grad. See statement 13. Educational Classics...... 1 2 Sr., Grad. 1 and 2, or 3 14. Current Prob. in Sec. Teaching.. 2 2 Sr., Grad. See statement 15. Problems in School Admin...... 2 2 Sr., Grad. 1 and 2, or 3 16. School Sanitation...... 1 3 Sr. None 17. Organization of Higher Educ. .. 2 1 Sr., Grad. Six credits 20. History of Religious Educ...... 1 1 Jr., Sr. None 21. Principles of Religious Educ.... 2 1 Jr., Sr. None 22. Classroom Management...... 2 3 Sr. 1 and 2, or 3 23. Principles and Practice of Indus- trial Training...... 2 3 Sr., Grad. Six credits .Absent on leave, 1911-13. tSubstitute for 1911-13. 72 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

A list of additional courses in education arranged on Saturdays for teachers may be obtained from the head of the department.

1. History of Education to the Reformation Mr. SWIFT Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors. An introductory study in the history of education, conducted by means of lectures, assigned readings, discussions, and reports. The purpose of the course is to arouse an interest in educational problems, to secure some perspective for use in current investigation. with some command of the facts of educational history, and SOme ease in the methods of historical study. An attempt is made to bring out education as one phase of civilization and to show the connection of schools with other social institutions. Attention will he given especially to the schools of Greece and of Rome, the education of the early Christian centuries, the development of different types of schools in medieval times, the rise of the university and of the humanistic schools of the Renaissance.

2. History of Modem Education Mr. SWIFT Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors. A somewhat intensive study of the periods in the history of modern education, with special reference to the development of the various national systems of public instruction. Different types of educational theory are considered in connection with a study of the men who first advanced them, and of the schools in which they were first put into effect.

3. Brief History of Education Mr. SWIFT Three credits (three hours per week); each semester. Open to juniors and seniors. The origin and development of schools. more particularly in the modern period, as a preparation for the understanding of the educational systems, theories, and practices of the present.

4. Secondary Education Mr. JAMES Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to seniors. A study of secondary education in the United States, with such references to the secondary schools of other countries as will lead to a clearer understanding of the place and function of the high school, its curriculum, the problems of present-day importance, and the relation of the high school to other parts of the system of public instruction. Lectures, reports, and discussions.

5. Principles and Organization of Elementary Teaching Mr. QUIGLEY Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors. The course of study of the elementary school and the best methods of instruction. Lectures, assigned readings, discussions, and reports. For all students who expect to teach in the high schools or to be principals or superintendents. No credit is given in this course to graduates of normal schools who have received one year's credit at the University.

6. Principles and Organization of Secondary Teaching Mr. RANKIN Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to seniors. Lectures on the general methods of secondary teaching, assigned readings, reports, and discussions. More particularly for those who expect to teach in high schools. EDUCATION 73

7. The Theory of Education Mr. QUIGLEY Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Philosophy la or lb. An introductory course in educational theory, including a somewhat detailed study of the principles on which is based the present practice in teaching. No credit is given in this course to graduates of normal schools who have received one year's credit at the Uni versity.

8. School Admmistration Mr. RANKIN Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to seniors who have completed Courses 1 and 2, or Course 3. An introductory study of school administration, conducted by lectures, reports, and discussions; the organization of school systems, the work of school boards, superintendents, principals, and teachers, school buildings, and hygiene. For students without any teaching experience who hope later to do work in supervision.

9. School Supervision Mr. RANKIN Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to seniors who have completed Courses 1 and 2, or Course 3. Intended for students with experience in teaching. An advanced course treating of the duties of school principals and superintendents. Credit will not be given both for Course 8 and for Course 9.

10. Comparative Study of School Systems Mr. JAMES Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to seniors. The school systems of Germany, France, England, and the United States, with special reference to principles and methods of administration; elementary, secondary, and higher institutions, with emphasisvarying in successive years. Lectures, assigned readings, reports, and discussions.

11. Philosophy of Education Mr. QUIGLEY Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to seniors who have completed Courses 1 and 2 or Course 3 and Philoscphy la or lb. An endeavor to correlate the various educational ideals drawn from biological and psychological stud:..s, with special consideration of recent social phases of education.

12. Current Problems in Elementary Teaching Mr. RANKIN Two credits (two hours per week); first semester. Open to seniors and graduate students who have completed Course 5 and one other course. A seminar course. involving a general discussion of some current -Problems in elemen tary education, one or two of which are worked out practically by the student under the direction of the instructor through readings, the visiting of schools;and through class dis cussions.

13. Educational Classics Mr. JAMES Two credits (two hours per week); first semester. Open to seniors and graduate students who have completed Courses 1 and 2 or Course 3. A seminar course for the reading of selected educational classics and for detailed study of corresponding periods in educationa~history. 74 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

14. Current Problems in Secondary Teaching Mr. RANKIN Two credits (two hours per week); second semester. Open to seniors and graduate students who have completed Course 4 and one other cuurse. A seminar course for advanced students, preferably with teaching experience, who wish to pursue a theoretical and a practical study of some current problems in conrection with secondary teaching. Lectures, class discussions, readings, and the visiting of schools.

15. Problems in School Administration Mr. JAMES Two credits (two hours per week); second semester. Open to seniors and graduate students who have completed Courses 1 and 2 or Course 3. A research course for advanced students, preferably with teaching experience. who desire to take up the investigation of some question of educationaladministration. Lectures, class discussions, assigned readings, and, when possible, a study of actual school conditions falling within the proposed field. 16. School Sanitation Mr. RANKIN Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to seniors. Text, lectures, and investigations into problems of school lighting, heating, ventila tion, and otherquestionsof school architecture and management connected with the physical well-being of the pupils.

17. Organization of Higher Education Mr. JA~ES One credit (one hour per week); second semester. Open to seniors and graduate students who have six credits in the department. For students who are interested in the general problems ot educational administration and who look forward later to college teaching. It includes an historical sketch of the development of the American university, with discussionof.modes oforganization and admin istration, problems of departmental teaching, and questions of class instruction.

2 J. History of Religious Education Mr. SWIFT One credit (one hour per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors. An introductory study of the development of the religious consciousness and of the aim, means, and methods of religious instruction among certain types selected from ancient and modem civilizations.

21. ~rinciples of Religious Education Mr. SWIFT One credit (one hour per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors. A study of the most important principles of education viewed from the standpoint of their relation and application to religious activities and institutions, and also to the means, methods, and materials of religious instruction. 22. Classroom Management Mr. QUIGLEY Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to seniors who have completed Courses 1 and 2 or Course 3. A detailed consideration of the daily practical problems of the schoolroom both in discipline and in instruction. intended for teachers in high schools and high school training departments, and for principals' or superintendents. Observation of school work, with reports and discussions. 23. Principles and Practice of Industrial Training. Mr. RANKIN Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to seniors and graduate students who have-six credits in the department. ENGLISH 75

The principles fundamental to vocational training in the public school system, as affecting the arrangement of school years, the course of study, and the methods of teaching. Lectures, assigned readings on topics, and reports on observations of school work.

ENGLISH

RICHARD BURTON, Ph.D., Professor, Head of Department of English, 220 Folwell Hall FREDERICK KLAEBER, Ph.D., Professor, 222 Folwell Hall HARDIN CRAIG, Ph.D., Professor, 123 Folwell Hall JOSEPH W. BEACH, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, 207 Library Building OSCAR W. FIRKINS, M.A., Assistant Professor, 116 Folwell Hall GEORGE N. NORTHROP, M.A., Instructor, 116 Folwell Hall

For a Minor, twelve credits, including Course 1. For a Major, Courses 1, 2 (first semester), 5, ia, 18, and three additional credits, together with reinforcing subjects (twenty-six credits) from Comparative Philology, Rhetoric (not including Course 1), advanced modem languages, ancient languages, Philosophy, History, and additional English. For B. A. with Distim:tion, the general requirements (page 36) and nine credits in English (three of which shall be in Old English) in addition to the requirements fora major; with the provision that the thirty credits from reinforcing subjects shall include a minor in Rhetoric. For a Teacher's Certificate in English, either a major in English and a minor in Rhetoric, or a major in Rhetoric and a minor in English, with an average grade of good in all the work.

COURSES

No. Time Semester Credits Offered to Prereq. courses I. Gen. Survey Eng. Literature .. I, 2 6* Soph., Jr., Sr. Rhet.l 2. Old English...... 1,2 6 Soph., Jr., Sr. None 3. Middle English...... 1 2 Soph., Jr" Sr. See statement 4. Piers the Plowman...... 1 2 Soph., Jr., Sr. See statement 5. Chaucer l or 2 3 Soph., Jr., Sr. See statement 6. Spenser...... 2 3 Soph., Jr., Sr. 1 7a. Shakespeare...... 1 3 Jr.. Sr. Six credits 7b. Shakespeare...... 2 3 Jr., Sr. 7a 8. Milton...... 2 3 Jr., Sr. Six credits 9a. 18th Century Literature...... 1 3 Jr., Sr., Grad. 1 9b. Romantic Movement...... 2 3 Jr., Sr., Grad. 1 10. 'English Humorists...... I, 2 6 Jr., Sr., Grad. 1 11. 17th Century Prose...... 1,2 6 Jr.. Sr., Grad. See statement 12. 19th Century Literature...... 1 3 Jr., Sr. Six credits 13. Modern Drama.... 1,2 6 Sr., Grad. 12 credo incl. 7a 14. English Idiom...... 1 3 Jr., Sr. Six credits 15. Browning-Tennyson...... 2 3 Jr.. Sr. Six credits 16. English Nove\...... 1 3 Jr., Sr. Six credits *Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. 76 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

No. Title Semester Credits Offered to Prereq. courses 17. Bible as Literature...... •• 2 3 Jr., Sr., Grad. See statement 18. Hist. of English Language... . 2 1 Soph., Jr., Sr. 2 (1st sem.) 19. Prin. of Literary Criticism..... 1,2 6- Jr., Sr., Grad. See statement 20. American Literature...... 2 3 Jr., Sr., Grad, Six credits 21. Moral Forces in Eng. Lit.. .. .• 2 3 Jr., Sr. Six credits 22. Elizabethan Literature... .•. . . 2 3 Jr., Sr., Grad. 1 31. Meredith...... 1,2 2- Grad. See statement 32. Pre-Shakespearean Drama... . I, 2 Grad. Major in Eng. 33. Anglo-Saxon...... 1 Grad. See statement 34. Beowulf...... 2 Grad. See statement 35. Drama...... I, 2- Grad. Major in Eng. 36. Prose Fiction...... 1,2- Grad. Major in Eng. 37. The Metaphysical Poets...... 1 Grad. Major in Eng. 38. Polito Prose of the Protectorate 2 1 .Grad. Majorin Eng. -Both semesters must be completed before credit is given lor the first semester.

1. General Survey of English Literature (Includes the literature pro duced in the United States) Messrs. BURTON and CRAIG, with the assistance of other members of the department Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to sopho mores, juniors, and seniors. Lectures, recitations, and assigned readings. Designed to cover the whole period ill historical outline, and to prepare for a more minute study of special periods. Required for a major, minor, and a teacher's certificate. The class will meet in recitation sections once a week.

2. Old English First Semester, Messrs. KLAEBER, FIRKINS, and BEACH . Second Semester, Mr. KLAEBER Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to sopho mores, juniors, and seniors. The first semester is required of those who take a major or obtain a teacher's certificate in English. A study of the language and reading of representative selections of Old English prose and poetry. The relation to modem English particularly emphasized.

3. Introduction to Middle English and Literature Mr. KLAEBER Two credits (two hours per week); first semester. Open to sopho mores, juniors, and seniors who have taken the first semester of Course 2; alternates with Course 4. An outline of Middle English grammar, including the interpretation of selected texts.

4. Piers the Plowman Mr. KLAEBER Two credits (two hours per week); first semester. Open to sopho mores, juniors, and seniors who have taken the first semester of Course 2; alternates with Course 3. A critical study of P;ers 'lui Plowman. Not given in 1912-13.

S. Chaucer First Semester, Messrs. FIRKINS and BEACH Second Semester, Mr. BEACH Three credits (three hours per week); each semester. Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors who have completed or are pursuing COlrse 1 and have completed the first semester of Course 2. The grammar and literary forms of fourteenth century English, with selected readings from Chaucer's works. Special attention to the CaHU,bu", Tales. ENGLISH 77

6. Spenser Mr. FIRKINS Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors who have completed or are pursuing Course 1. The forms' and literary influences in the Elizabethan period which are illustrated in the poetry of Edmund Spenser, with selected readings from the minor poems and three books entire of the Faerie QueeHB.

7a. Shakespeare Messrs. CRAIG and NORTHROP Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed a year of work in English. Required of all who take their major or obtain a teacher's recommendation in English.. An introductory study of Shakespeare's development as a poet and dramatist, with reading of representative plays.

7b. The Later Plays of Shakespeare Mr. NORTHROP Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 7a. Intensive class-room analysis of four plays. Comprehensive collateral reading of other plays.

8. Milton Mr. NORTHROP Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed one year of work in English. The principal poets of the time of Charles I and the Protectorate with special emphasis upon Milton.

9a. Eighteenth Century Literature: The Rise of Naturalism and Romanticism Mr. CRAIG Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 1 and to graduate students. Eighteenth century English literature from Pope to Burns, with special reference to the rise and growth of natura1ism and romanticism.

9b. The Romantic Movement Mr. CRAIG Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have cQll1pleted Course 1 and to graduate students. The Roman~ic School of poets from Wordsworth to Keats and the influence of the revolution in France.

10. English Humorists Mr. BEACH Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students who have completed Course 1. The manifestations of the comic spirit in modem literature, chiefly in England. An attempt to define humor, wit, comedy, and satire, with special reference to their use in a criticism of life and with extended illustrations from the dramatists, novelists, essayists, and poets.

11. Seventeenth Century Prose Mr. NORTHROP Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed one year in English. Course 2 in History is a desirable prerequisite. 78 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

First semester: General survey of the prose of the century to 1660. Second semester: Literature of the Restoration, with particular study of Dryden.

12. Outline of Nineteenth Century Literature Mr. NORTHROP Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors .and seniors who have completed one year of work in English. The main features of Victorian literature, with particular emphasis upon the poetry of Arnold and the prose of Carlyle.

13. The Drama: Structure and Evolution Mr. FIRKINS Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to seniors who have completed two years of work in English, which must include Course 7a (Shakespeare). First semester: Theory of the drama, and history up to the nineteenth century. Second semester: Recent drama, continental, English. Open only to those who have completed first semester.

14. English Idiom Mr. BURTON Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed one year of work in English. A discussion of current idiom with the purPose of relating it to the underlying prin ciples of historic development.

15. Browning and Tennyson Mr. BURTON Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed one year of work in English. This course involves a reading of the representative work of the two major poets of the Victorian era, in order to show their quality and contrasted power.

16. The English Novel Mr. BURTON Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed one year of work in English. Principles and personalities in the e"lolution of the English novel. Written reports required on selected novels.

17. The Bible as Literature Mr. BURTON Three credits (three hours per week); second Semester. Open to graduate students who have taken an undergraduate major in English and to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 1. A literarY study of the Old Testament with special attention to forms and the critical study of selected readings. ill. History of the English Language Mr. KLAEBER One credit (one hour per week); second semester. Open to sopho mores, juniors, and seniors who have completed the first semester of Course 2. Required of all who take their major or obtain a teacher's certificate in English.

19. Principles of Literary Criticism Mr. FIRKINS Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open upon approval of the instructor to juniors, seniors, and graduate students who have completed Course 1. ENGLISH 79

A brief t.reatment of elements or forces in literature, e. g., clearness, vigor, beauty, precision, art, taste, humor, ethics, truth, and the like; an exposition of literary types, e. g., the lyric, epic, drama, short story, novel, biography, etc., in relation to the standards and methods of judging each.

20. American Literature Mr. CRAIG Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open in alternate years to juniors and seniors who have completed one year of English study and to graduate students. Lectures on American literature, with extensive readings from the principal poets and prose writers of this country. Not offered in 1912-13.

21. Moral Forces in English Literature Mr. BEACH Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed one year of work in English. The moral forces in modern English literature, as seen in individual authors and in literary movements and tendencies, especially in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

22. Elizabethan Literature Mr. CRAIG Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open in alternate years to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 1. A study of Elizabethan authors exclusive of Shakespeare. Offered in 1912-13.

3 1. Seminar in George Meredith Mr. BEACH Two credits (one hour per week); both semesters. Open to seniors and graduate students who have completed Course 1. Meredith's personality, literary method, and philosophy of life, as seen chiefly in his novels and poems.

32. The Drama in England before Shakespeare Mr. CRAIG Both semesters. Open to graduate students who have taken an under graduate major in English; other arrangements may be ascertained upon application to the department. The various forms of the early drama; sources and texts of medieval plays, medieval players, the stage, and the function of the early drama.

33. Anglo-Saxon Mr. KLAEBER First semester. Open to graduate students whn have taken an undergraduate major in English or modem language. Other arrange ments may be ascertained upon application to the department.

34. Beowulf Mr. KLAEBER Second semester. Open to graduate students who have taken an undergraduate major in English or modem language. Other arrange ments may be ascertained upon application to the department.

35. The Drama as a Literary Form: Bernard Shaw Mr. BURTON Both semesters. Open in alternate years to graduate students who have taken an undergraduate major in English; other arrangements may be ascertained upon application to the department. Offered in 1912-13. 80 SCIENCE. LITERATURE. AND THE ARTS

36. Fiction as a Literary Form Mr. BURTON Both semesters. Open in alternate years to graduate students who have taken an undergraduate major in English; other arrangements may be ascertained upon application to the department. Not offered in 1912-13.

37. The Metaphysical Poets Mr. NORTHROP One credit (one hour per week); first semester. Open to graduate students who have taken an undergraduate major in English. Given in 1912-13 and in alternate years following. The religious poetry of the early Stuart period. with particular attention to Crashaw. Donne, and Herbert.

38. Political Prose of the Protectorate Mr. NORTHROP One credit (one hour per week) ;second semester. Open to graduates who have had an undergraduate majorin English. Given in 1912-13 and alternate years following. Intensive studY of Clarendon and of the letters of this period. Students entering this course are strongly urged to take the correlative course in English History, History 19b.

GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY

WILLIAM H. EMMONS, Ph.D., Professor, Head of Department of Geology and Mineralogy 108 Pillsbury Hall EDWARD M. LEHNERTS, M.A., Assistant Professor 107 Pillsbury Hall FREDERICK W. SARDESON, Ph.D., Assistant Professor 103 Pillsbury Hall FRANK F. GROUT, M.S., Assistant Professor 102 Pillsbury Hall OLIVER BOWLES, M.A., Instructor 102 Pillsbury Hall EDGAR K. SOPER, B.A., Instructor 112 Pillsbury Hall A. WALFRED JOHNSTON, M.A., Instructor 112 Pillsbury Hall

For a· Minor, twelve credits. For a Maior, eighteen credits, with reinforcing subjects (thirty credits) selected from Animal Biology, Botany, Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics, Topographic Drawing, advanced modem languages, and additional Geology, Mineralogy, and Geography. For B. A. with Distinction, the general requirements (page 36) and six credits in addition to the requirements for a major, including Courses 11 and 19, and at least one course in Field Geology or Geography. For a Teacher's Certificate, the same requirements as for a major, with an average of at least good. Students who desire to take double courses in Geology may do so by electing any of the following combinations, providing they have had prerequisites for both CO'lrses: first semester, la and 18, la and 29a, 7 and 8; second semester, 2 and 3a, 5 and 13a, etc. GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY 81

COURSES

GEOLOGY No. Title Semester Credits Offered to Prereq. courses la. General Geology...... 1 3 Soph., Jr., Sr. None Ie. Laboratory Work...... 1 1 Soph., Jr., Sr. NOlle 2. Geog. and Geol. of Minnesota. 2 3 Soph., Jr., Sr. la 3a. Historical Geology.•...... 2 3 Soph., Jr., Sr. la 3b. Historical Geology, Lab...... 2 1 Soph., Jr., Sr. See statement 4. Elements of Rock Study...... 1 3 Jr., Sr. la, 18, 19 5. Petrology•...... 2 3 Jr., Sr. 4 6. Elements of Paleontology..... 1 3 Jr., Sr. See statement 1. Paleontology...... 1,2 6 Jr., Sr. See statement 8. Paleontologic Practice...... I, 2 6 Jr., Sr. See statement 9. Paleontologic Geology...... 1 or 2 3 Grad. la, 3a, and 7 10. Advanced Paleontology...... 1,2 6 Jr., Sr., Grad. 7 11. Applied Geology...... 1 3 Jr., Sr. la,3a, 18, 19 12. Ore Deposits...... 1 4 Sr. la, 3a,4,18, 19 13a. Special Problems...... 2 2 Sr. 12 13b. Seminar in Ore Deposits...... 2 3 Gra

GEOGRAPHY 2'.1a. General Physiography...... 1 3 Jr., Sr. None 29b. Physical and Human Geog. .. 1,2 6 Soph., Jr., Sr. None 30. Regional Physiography...... 2 3 Jr., Sr. la or 29a 31. Elements of Meteorology...... 2 3 Jr., Sr. la or 29a 32. Climatology...... 1 3 Sr. 31 33. Western Hemisphere. .. 2 3 Jr., Sr. 29a or 29b 34. Problems in Geography...... 1 3 Sr. 33 36. Method and Material of Geog.. I, 2 2 Jr., Sr. 29a 37. Field and Lab. Practice...... I, 2 2 Jr., Sr. 29a 38. Field Work in Geography.....Summer 6 Jr., Sr. la or 29a 39. Research Course...... I, 2 6 Grad. See statement la. General Geology Messrs. EMMONS and JOHNSTON Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to sopho mores, juniors, and seniors. The class is divided into four sections. High school or college Che.nistry is a desirable antecedent, b:lt is a prerequisite for one section only. ------~----_.._--_.__._------

82 SCIENCE, LiTERATURE, AND THE ARTS

A synoptical treatment of the materials of the earth and of geologic processes; physio graphic, structural, and dynamic geology, with a brief introduction to historical geology. Lectures, laboratory work, field excursions, map study, and conferences. Ie. Laborlj.tory Work Mr. JOHNSTON and ASSISTANTS One credit (two hours per week); first semester. Open to students taking Course la. To supplement Course la. The study of rocks and ores, of topographic and geologic maps, with a small amount of reference reading. 2. ,Geography and Geology of Minnesota Mr. JOHNSTON Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to students who have completed Course la. The physical geography of the State in its relations to geological history and industrial development; the principles and facts of pre-Cambrian geology as exemplified in the State and the extension of these into general application; the present problems of the State in agriculture, drainage, water power, mining, quarrying, etc. 3a. Historical Geology Mr. SARDESON Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to students who have completed Course la. The history of the North American continent; the more important types of fossils in their geological relations. Lectures and demonstrations. 3b. Historical Geology (Laboratory work) Mr. SARDESON One credit (two hours per week); second semester. Open to students taking Course 3a. The interpretation of geologic profile sections and maps; general formational relations; fossils and rock specimens. 4. Elements of Rock Study Messrs. GROUT and BOWLES Three credits (six hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Courses la, 18, and 19. The composition of the earth's crust; the occurrence and genesis of igneous, sedimen tary, and metamorphic rocks; their mineral and chemical composition; their structure, tex ture, and physical constitution; the alteration of rocks; the classification of igneous rocks; an introduction to the use of the microscope. A laboratory course with reference reading. 5. Petrology Messrs. GROUT and BOWLES Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Open to students who have completed Course 4. Laboratory work, lectures, and reference reading. The identification of minerals and rocks by optical study; a study of igneous rocks, crystalline schists, and metamorphic rocks; the origin and classification of rocks. 6. Elements of Paleontology Mr. SARDESON Three credits (three hours pe~ week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have taken courses in Geology or Biology. . Fossil organisms; the sources and interpretation of paleontologic evidence and the relation to it of theories of evolution. Lectures, demonstrations, and occasional excursions. 7. Paleontology Mr. SARDESON Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to juniors and seniors who have taken or are taking courses in Geologyand Biology. The chief types of organisms as represented by fossils; leading fossils and their phylo genetic history. Lectures and demonstrationL r------

GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY 83

8. Paleontologic Practice Mr. SARDESON Silt credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 7, or may be taken by students who are pursuing Course 7. The collection, preparation, and study of materials, examination of collections, and reading with .. view to more complete knowledl'e of the groups of fossil organisms as pre sented in Course 7.

9. Paleontologic Geology Mr. SARDESON Threecredits (three hours per week) ; each semester. Open to students who have completed Courses la, 3a, and 7. The Ordovician fauna, with special illUFutions from the Ordovician of Minnesota and neighboring states.

10. Advanced Paleontology Mr. SARDESON Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to under graduates and to graduate students who have completed Course 7. Selected groUps of fossils; forms and literature of the groups. Class work supple mented by a thesis.

11. Applied Geology Mr. SOPER Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Courses la, 3a, 18, and 19. The occurrence. genesis, distribution, and uses of the metals, non-metals, and mineral fuels. Lectures and laboratory work.

12. Ore Deposits Messrs. EMMONS and SOPER Four credits (four hours per week); first semester. Open to students who have completed Courses la, 3a, 4, 18, 19. The nature. distribution, and genesis of metalliferous ore deposits of the United States; relation of ore deposits to geologic structure and the changes which ore deposits undergo through oxidation and related processes. Lectures, laboratory' work illustrating the use of mine maps and geologic cross section.. through mines, and detailed laboratory studies of reports on mining districts.

13a. Spe::ial Problems in Ore Deposits Messrs. EMMONS and SOPER Two credits (four hours per week); second semester. Open to seniors who have completed Course 12. Metallogenic epochs and meta110graphic provinces, particularly those of the United States. Lectures on field and laboratory methods.

13b. Seminar in Ore Deposits Mr. EMMONS Thr~e credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to graduate students of advanced standing who have completed Course 1.?a or its equivalent.

14. Outline Study of Yinerals and Rocks Mr. GROUT Two credits (two hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Course la; espedally for teachers. General principles of petrography and stratigraphy; classification of minerals and rocks; practice in their identification. Conferences, reading, and field work. 84 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

15. Petrographical Problems Messrs. GROUT and BOWLES Both semesters. Open to graduate students and others qualified. Course 5 is a prerequisite. The genesis of rocks and their chemical and dynamical alterations, illustrated in the gneisses and gabbro schists of the Minnesota River Valley and the granites and basic eruptives of central Minnesota; geology of eastern and northeastern Minnesota, and other problems in the Keweenawan.

16. Structural and Metamorphic Geology Messrs. EMMONS and JOHNSTON Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to those who have c.)mpleted Courses 3a, 4, 11, and 19. The conditions, processes, and results of metamorphism; structural features result ing from deformation under varying conditions of load; review of the pre-Cambrian geology of the Lake Superior region.

17. Glacial Geology Mr. SARDESON Credits according to work; second semester. Open to graduate students of advanced standing in Geology or Geography. The drift, glacial Jakes, the gorge and Falls of St. Anthony, the Dal1es of the St. Croix, and other problems. Lectures, reading, and field work.

MINERALOGY 18. Elements of Mineralogy Messrs. BOWLES and GROUT Three credits (six hours per week); first semester. Open to sopho mores, juniors, and seniors who have taken high school Chemistry or to those taking college Chemistry. The systems of crystallization; the morphological, physical, and chemical characters of minerals; classification and description of common minerals; the occurrence, genesis, and uses of minerals. Laboratory work, involving the application of chemical and blow pipe tests to the identification of species; determination of minerals by physical properties and sight identification. . •

19. Descriptive Mineralogy Messrs. BOWLES and GROUT Three credits (six hout=s per week); second semester. Open to sopho mores, juniors, and seniors who have completed Course 18. A continuation of Course 18, special attention being given to economic and rock forming minerals; mineral determination and sight identification; the use of the goniometer apd microscope. Laboratory, reference reading, and field excursions.

20. Physical Mineralogy Mr. BOWLES Three credits (two lectures and two laboratory hours per week); first semester. Open to those who have completed Course 19. The form and optical properties of minerals; other physical. properties in greater detail than in Course 18; thermal properties, as coefficient of expansion and conductivity; pyroelectricity; cohesion as hardness, percussion, and etch figures; cleavage and gliding planes.

21. ~hemical Mineralogy Mr. GROUT Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Open to those who have completed Course 19. GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY 85

Minerals studied as chemical materials; the preparation and properties of artificial minerals; the limitations of natural chemical action; dimorphism, isomorphism, and similar phenomena; microchemical methods of identification..

24a. Morphology of Minerals Mr. BOWLES Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 18. Crystallography, embracing projection and the geometric relations of crystal planes; crystal nomenclature; the relation of optical properties to morphology. The laboratory work embraces a study of crystal models, crystal drawing, identification of minerals from crystal measurement and mathematical calculation.

24b. Crystal Measurement Mr. BOWLES Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students who have completed Course 24a. The measurement of crystal angles with the two-circle goniometer; gnomonic projec tion and Crystal drawing; the mathematical and graphic determination of crystallographic constants; the determination of minerals by means of crystal measurements.

25. Optical Mineralogy Mr. GROUT Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 18. The microscopic structure of crystals and crystal grains; determining minerals by their optical properties; goniometric and stauroscopic practice; the elements of lithology. Lectures and laboratory work.

26. Quantitative'Mineralogy Messrs. ApPLEBY and CHRISTIANSON In the School of Mines. Eight credits (twelve hours per week); second semester. Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors who have completed Course 18. Determination of the values of ores,' metallurgical products, and bullion. Lectures, recitations, and laboratory work. Identical with Metallurgy 1 in the School of Mines.

27. An Outline of Mineralogy Mr. GROUT Two credits (two hours per week); both semesters. Open to juniors and seniors; designed especially for teachers. Methods of identification of minerals, with their applications. Conferences, reading, and demonstrations.

28. Original Problems in Morphological and Physical Mineralogy Messrs. GROUT and BOWLES Hours and credits to be arranged; both semesters. Open to graduates and others by individual arrangement. Courses 18 and 19 are prerequi sites. Any branch of mineralogy and many groups of materials will furnish problems.

FIELD GEOLOGY

40. Field Geology Mr. JOHNSTON Six credits (six weeks in the field). Open to students who have completed Courses la, 3a, and 19. ------

A field course in geologic mapping in the summer vacation period. The fields for 1912 are on the Mesabi and Vermilion Iron Ranges. Credit is given only on completion of a satisfactory report.

41. Field Course in Geology Open to graduates of advanced standing who have completed Course 40 or its equivalent. To be arranged with individual students upon 'application to the department. By action of the Faculty. credit will be given for field work done satisfactorily. as prescribed in the joint announcements of various universities for the summer 1912-13.

GEOGRAPHY 29a. General Physiography Mr. LEHNERTS Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors. The principles of earth sculpture; structural features of the continents; hydrography and oceanography; planetary relations; climatology; the evolution. uses. and effects of the materials and physical features of the earth.

29b. Physical and Human Geography Messrs. LEHNERTS and ROBINSON Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to sopho mores, juniors. and seniors who have not taken Course 29a. Consti tutes a unit course for which no credit is allowed until both semesters are completed. May be counted toward a major or a minor in either the Department of Geology and Mineralogy or the Department of Economics and Political Science. First semester, given by Mr. Lehnerts: Fundamental physiographic facts. processes. and relations, with special reference to their effect on the activities of mankind; planetary relations. climate, land forms. and oceans; rivers, lakes, and waterpowers, ground water, and soIls; mountains, plateaus. and plains; deserts, steppes, and prairies. Lectures and laboratory work. Second semester. given by Mr. Robinson: Economic and political development in relation to nature; meaning of the geographic and economic interpretations of history; economic progress as a phase of adaption to environment, illustrated hy reference to the industrial conditions of the leading countries. Text-books, supplemented by lectures and reports on special topics. 30. Regional Physiography Mr. LEHNERTS Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course la or 29a. An application of the principles of pbysical geography in a study of physiographic provinces; the origin and geographic significance of their physical features; the influence of these on the early settlement of countries and the subsequent industrial and political develop ment of nations.

31. Elements of Meteorology Mr. LEHNERTS Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course la or 29a. The properties and phenomena of the atmosphere, including pressure and tempera ture, together with a study of the apparatus and practice of a weather bureau office; condi tions of climatic changes; the influence of physiographic conditions. Text-book, lectures, and reference reading. GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY 87

32. Climatology Mr. LEHNERTS Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to seniors who have completed Course 31. Principles of meteorology applied to a study of the climates of the world and the factors on which these climates depend; climatic influences on the distribution and charac teristics of plants and animals, and on man's needs and occupations. Lectures, recitations, and reference reading.

33. The Western Hemisphere Mr. LEHNERTS Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 29a or 29b. Regional geography of the continents and countries of the Western Hemisphere. Lectures, maps, and library work.

34. Problems in Geography Mr. LEHNERTS Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to seniors who have completed Course 33. The effects of coast lines and harbors, navigable rivers, water powers, mountains, and plains, rock formations. and soils; ground and surface waters for municipal and farm supplies; the utilization and conservation of natural resources. A series of special problems in geography.

36. The Method and Material of Geography Mr. LEHNERTS Two credits (one hour per week); both semesters. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 29a; especially designed for teachers. Guiding principles; the course of study; text-books and their use; practical laboratory work; excursions; collection and preparation of illustrative materials; map drawing, chalk modeling, and relief work; organization of geographical subject matter for classroom instruc tion; the method of the recitation.

37. Field and Laboratory Practice Mr. LEHNERTS Two credits (one hour per week); both semesters. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 29a; designed especially for teachers. The geography and geology of Minneapolis, St. Paul. and adjacent territory, embrac ing the salient physiographic. stratigraphic, and economic features of this interesting region. Relief, topography. and map work in the laboratory as well as in the field. For teachers and others who wish to learn the methods of field geography and geology.

38. Field Work in Geography Mr. LEHNERTS Ux credits; summer session. Open to juniors and seniors and graduate students who have completed Course la or 29a. A six weeks' course given during the summer months. Systematic study in the field, of the physical and industrial geography of selected areas in one or more western states. Arrangements may be ascertained upon application to the department.

39. Research Course in Geography Mr. LEHNERTS ~ix credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to graduate students who have completed a major in Geography. Principles and problems in the several fields of geography, mathematical, physical, industrial, and regional. Students will be required to do semi-independent work on selected subjects and problem•. 88 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS GERMAN

JOHN G. MOORE, B.A., Professor, Head of Department of German 210 Folwell Hall *CARL SCHLENKER, B.A., Professor 211 Folwell Hall HANS JUERGENSEN, M.A., Assistant Professor 215 Folwell Hall OSCAR C. BURKHARD, M.A., Assistant Professor 214 Folwell Hall RICHARD WISCHKAEMPER, M.A., Instructor 216 Folwell Hall ALFRED E. KOENIG, M.A., Instructor 216 Folwell Hall JAMES DAVIES, Ph.D., Instructor 211 Folwell Hall LEON METZINGER, Ph.B., Instructor 214 Folwell Hall THEOPHILUS H. SCHROEDEL, B.A., Instructor 215 Folwell Hall J. THEODORE GEISSENDOERFER, B.A., Instructor 216 Folwell Hall ARTHUR C. BURKHARD, B.A., Assistant *Absent on leave, 1912-13.

For a Minor, twelve credits, not including Course 1. For a Major, eighteen credits, not including Course 1, together with reinforcing subjects (thirty credits) selected from Philology, Anglo-Saxon and Old English, Icelandic, advanced Scandinavian, English, French, Latin, Greek, additional German courses, and related courses in History and Philosophy. For B.A. wi&h Distinction, the general requirements (page 36) and Courses 8,9, and 10 and any two of Courses 12, 13, 14, 16, and 17. Fora Teacher's Certifica&e, an average of at least good in Courses 2 or 4,6 or 7,8,9,10, and 11. For courses in Germanic Philology, see the statement of the Depart ment of Comparative Philology, pp. 56-58.

COURSES No. Title Semester Credits Offered to Prereq. courses la. Beginning...... 1,2 10*: All None lb. Beginning...... I, 2 6*: Engineers None 2. Intermediate...... 1,2 6* Soph., Jr., Sr. 1 3a. Scientific Intermediate...... I, 2 6* Soph., Jr., Sr. 1 3b. Scientific Intermediate...... J, 2 6* Soph. Eng. Jb 4. Prose and Poetry...... • I, 2 6* All Two yrs. prep. German S. Conversation...... I, 2 4* All See statement 6. Drama...... 1,2 6* Soph., Jr., Sr. J and 2, or 4 7. Adv. Scientific Reading.. . .. •. I, 2 6* Soph.• Jr., Sr. 2or30r4 8. Adv. Conversation...... 1,2 4* Soph., Jr., Sr. See statement 9. Classic Period...... I, 2 6* Jr., Sr. See statement 10. Modern Authors...... I, 2 6* Jr.• Sr. See statement 11. Teachers' Course...... 2 1 Sr. 9 or 10 12a. Reformation...... I, 2 4* Sr., Grad. 9 or 10 :Juniors and seniors are allowed only half credit. *Both semesters must be completed belore credit is allowed for the first semester. GERMAN 89

No. Title Semester Credits Offered to Prereq. courses 12b. Faust, Part II . I, 2 4* Sr., Grad. 9 or 10 13 Middle High German . I, 2 4* Sr., Grad. 9 13b. Age of Frederic the Great . 1, 2 4* Sr., Grad. 9 14. Old High German " I, 2 4* Sr., Grad. 9 15. Seminar on Drama . I, 2 Grad. See statement 16a. History of German Language.. I, 2 4* Grad. 9 16b. Drama of Scbiller . 1,2 4* Sr., Grad. 9 17a. Hist. of German Literature . I, 2 4* Sr., Grad. 9 17b. Lyric Poetry of 17th and 18th Century...... 1,2 4* Sr., Grad. 9 18a. Sem. in Philosophic Reading.. 1,2 4* Jr., Sr., Grad. 9 or 10 18b. Sem. in Scientific Reading. ... I, 2 4* Grad. 9 or to *Both semesters must be completed before credit is allowed for the first semester.

la. Beginning Messrs. SCHLENKER, JUERGENSEN, WISCHKAEMPER, KOENIG, DAVIES, SCHROEDEL, and A. C. BURKHARD Ten credits (five hours per week); both semesters. Open to all who enter without German. Juniors and seniors receive only half credit. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. Pronunciation, grarr:rr.ar. conversation, and composit~on; sele('t~d reading in easy prose and verse.

Ib. Beginning Mr. O. C. BURKHARD Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open only to students in the College of Engineering.

2. Intermediate Messrs. JUERGENSEN, WISCHKAEMPER, KOENIG, DAVIES, SCHROEDEL, and A. C. BURKHARD Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Course I or its equivalent. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. This course may be supplemented by Course 5. Itshould be followed by Course 6 or Course 7. Students who obtain credit for this course cannot receive credit also for either Course 3 or Course 4. First semester, selections from modern narrative and descriptive prose; ,.,Iected lyric. and ballads. Second semester, a drama of Lessing, Goethe, or Schiller. 3a. Scientific Intermediate Messrs. JUERGENSEN and WISCHKAEMPER Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to all who have completed Course 1. Not open to those who have obtained credit for Course 2 or Course 3b. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. This course may be supplemented by Course 5. Wait's German Science Reau, (or equivalent). The course aims to give the student a reading knowledge of German for use in scientific .tudies. 3b. Scientific Intermediate Mr. O. C. BURKHARD Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open only to students in the College of Engineering who have completed Course lb. Not open to those who have credit for Course 2 or Course 3a. Mrrckel Bude, au. de, Ingenuurtechnik. This eoUT'le is arranged to meet the peculiar needs of engineering students. 90 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

4. Prose and Poetry Messrs. ]UERGENSEN, O. C. BURKHARD, SCHROEDEL, WISCHKAEMPER, KOENIG, DAVIES, METZINGER, and A. C. BURKHARD Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to all who enter the University with two years of German. Not open to those who have obtained credit in Course 2 or Course 3. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. This course may be supplemented by Course 5. Stern's Aus deutsche71 Meistgrwerken; Goethe's Ged;c!ue; Heine's Buell der Lieder. Geography, hi.tory, and l..gend. Review of German grammar throul'!hout the year.

5. Elementary Conversation and Compositio:J. Messrs. ]UERGENSEN, O. C. BURKHARD, WISCHKAEMPER, KOENIG, and DAVIES Four credits (two hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who are taking or have taken Course 2 or 3 or 4; no credit to those who are taking or have taken Course 9 or Course 10. Both semesters must be com pleted before credit is given for the first semester. Translation of .hort Enl(tish ...lections; conversaHon on topics oi every-day life; narrative and descriptive ..ssays and tetter writing.

6. The Drama Messrs. SCHLENKER, ]UERGENSEN, O. C. BURKHARD, SCHROEDEL, DAVIES, and GEISSENDOER¥ER Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have taken Courses 1 and 2, or Course 4. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for first semester. This course may be supplemented by Course 8. First sem..ster: Modem drama. nays of Hebbel, Hauptrr.ann, or Sudermann. Study of the present-day drama in Germany. Assigned readings and reports. Second semester: Classic drama. Plays of Lessing, Goethe, or Schiller. Study of dramatic stmc ture. History of the German drama in the eighteenth century.

7. Advanced Scientific Reading Messrs. ]UERGENSEN and WISCHKAEMPER Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have taken Course 2 or 3 or 4; not open to those who have credit for Course 6; this course may be supplemented by Course 8. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. Reading of tr.onographs and periodicals.

R. Advanced Conversation, Grammar, and Composition. Messrs. SCHLEN KER, ]UERGENSEN, O. C. BURKHARD, KOENIG, and GEISSENDOERFER Four credits (two hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who are taking or have taken Course 6, 7, or 9; recommended that it be preceded by Course 5; required of those who obtain a teacher's recom mendation in German; intended as a preparation for Course 11. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. Essays on assigned subjects; oral exercises in German by rr~eans of discussions on e¥ery-day subjects; debates, narration, and the like. GERMAN 91

9. German Literature of the Classic Period Mr. MOORE Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Course 2 (by special permission) or 6 or 7; required of those who obtain a teacher's recommendation in German. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. First semester: Goethe's Faust; its genesis; the Faust legend; its treatment in literature before and since Goethe's time; plan of Goethe's Faust; solution of the Faust problem in Part II. Second semester: Schiller's ballads and other representative poems of this period. German versification. Reading and diseussion of Lessing's more important critiques, the Laocoon and Dramaturgu. History of German literature of the c1as..ic period. Lectures and collateral reading; essays by the class.

10. Modem Authors Messrs. MOORE and SCHLENKER Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who are taking or have completed Course 9; required of those who ob tain a teacher's recommendation in German. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. First semester: Romantic school and Junge Deutschland. Second semester: Ger man literature since 1848.

11. Teachers' Course Mr. MOORE One credit (one hour per week); second semester. Open to seniors who have completed Course 10 (or 9 by special permission); especially designed for students who expect to become teachers of German in high schools.

12a. History and Literature of the Reformation Mr. MOORE Four credits (two hours per week); both semesters. Open to seniors and graduate students who have completed Course 9 or Course 10. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. Brandt, Luther, Hutten, Sachs, Murner, and Fischart. Selections from Jansen and Egelhaaf. Offered in 1912-13.

12b.Faust, Part II Mr. MOORE Four credits (two hours per week); both semesters. Open to graduate students and seniors who have completed Course 9 or Course 10. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. Recitations, collateral reading in Faust literature and reports, lectures, and dis cussions. Given alternate years with Course 12a. Offered in 1913-14.

13a. Middle High German Mr. SCHLENKER Four credits (two hours per week); both semesters. Open to seniors and graduate students who have completed Course 9. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. Study of the language and literature of the period. Paul's M ittelhochdeutsche Gram matik. Selected readings from Armer Heinrich, Ntbelung,n Lfed, Gudrun, the poems of Waltervon der Vogelweide, Parsifal, etc. Course conducted in German. Offered in 1912-13.

13b. The Age of Frederic the Great Mr. SCHLENKER Four credits (two hours per week); both semesters. Open to graduate st'.1dents and seniors who have completed Course 9. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. 92 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

1. A survey of the literature from the Thirty Years' W,.,: to the Age of Frederic. II. A study of the so-called Age of Enlightenment. \Klopstock, Wieland, Lessing, and Herder.) Recitations. readings and reports, lectures. Course conducted in German. Given alternate years with Course 13a. Offered in 1913'-14. •

J4. Old High German Mr. KLAEBER Four credits (two hours perweek) ; both semesters. Open to seniors and gradnate students who have taken Course 9. Both semesters must be completed before credit is giyen for the first semester. This course is identical with Comparative Philology 11.

15. Seminar in German Drama Mr. SCHLENKER Two hours per week; both semesters. Open to graduate students and, by permission of the department, to undergraduate students, but without credit. An outline of the hi.tory of the German dramatic literature from its beginning to and including the so-called classic drama. Assigned readings, reports, and discussions.

16a. History of the German Language Mr. O. C. BURKHARD Four credits (two hours per week); both semesters. Open to graduate students who have completed Course 9. A survey of its development, with special reference to modern German. Based on Behagel's Deulsclul Sp,aclul. Etymology, word formation, syntax, comparison of English and German, etc. Arranged to meet the needs of teachers. Offered in 1913-14.

16b. The Drama of Schiller Mr. O. C. BURKHARD Four credits (two hours per week); both semesters. Open to graduate students and seniors who have completed Course 9. r. SchUler's drama as a reflection of the thoughts of his age. II. The plays will be considered in chronological order with reference to the development of the dramatic idea, from the expression of the Storm and Stress movement in the early drama to the classic form of his l3st works. Given alternate years with Course 16a. Offered in 1912-13.

17a. History of German Literature Mr. JUERGENSEN Four credits (two hours per week); both semesters. Open to graduate students and seniors who have completed Course 9. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. The development of German literature from its oriRin down to the classic period. The class work and lectures in the German language. Offered in 1912-13. 17b. German Lyric Poetry of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries Mr. J UERGENSEN Four credits (two hours per week); both semesters. Open to graduate students and seniors who have completed Course 9. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. Courses conducted in German. Special attention will be given to literary schools and movements. Given alternate years with Course 17a. Offered in 1913-14.

18a. Seminar in Philosophic Reading Mr. JUERGENSEN Two hours per week; both semesters. First semester: Schopenhauer as a model of style and philosophic method. Second semester: adapted to students pursuing either the more literary aspect of the subject (Less ing, Herder, Schiller), or the more speculative (Kant, Hegel, ., al.). Given alternate years with Course lSb. Offered in 1912-13. GREEK 93

18b. Seminar in Scientific Reading Mr. jUERGENSEN Two hours per week; both semesters. Open to graduate students who have completed Course 9 or 10. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. 1913-14. The literature of evolution (Haeckel, Reinke, et al.).

GREEK JOHN CORRIN HUTCHINSON, B.A., Professor, Head of Department of Greek 112 Folwell Hall CHARLES ALBERT SAVAGE, Ph.D., Professor 112 Folwell Hall REQUIREMENTS OF THE DEPARTMENT For a Minor, not less than twelve credits. For a Major, not less than eighteen credits (exclusive of Courses 20, 21, 22) together with reinforcing subjects (thirty credits) selected from Latin, advanced German and French, Philology, English, advanced Rhet oric, Philosophy, Ancient History, and additional Greek. For B. A. with Distinction, the general requirements (page 36) and at least Courses 4, 5,6, 7, 8 or 9, 10, 12, and one hour per week of seminar work throughout one year. COURSES No. Title Semester Credits Offered to Prereq. courses 1. First Year Greek...... I, 2 10* All None 2. History and Epic Poetry...... 1,2 6* Soph., Jr., Sr. 1 3. Historical Prose...... I, 2 6* All See statement 4. Philosophy...... 1 3 Soph., Jr., Sr. 2 or 3 5. Oratory...... 2 3 Soph., Jr., Sr. 2 or 3 6. Lyrics...... 1 3 Jr., Sr. 4 or 5 7. Tragedy...... 2 3 Jr., Sr. 4 or 6 8. Philosophy (Advanced)...... 1 3 Jr., Sr. 4 9. Oratory (Advanced)...... 1 3 Jr., Sr. 5 10. Epic Poetry (Advanced)...... 2 3 Jr., Sr. 10r 11 11. Dramatic Poetry...... 1, 2 4 Soph., Jr., Sr. See statement 12. Composition...... I, 2 2* Jr., Sr. 4 and 5 13. Later Greek...... I, 2 6 Jr., Sr. 4 14. Seminar...... 1 1 Jr., Sr. 4 or 5 15. Seminar...... 2 1 Jr., Sr. 5 16. Epic Poetry (Advanced) . Grad. 11. Dramatic Poetry (Advanced) . Grad. 18. Oratory (Advanced) . Grad. 19. Later Greek . Grad. COURSES OPEN TO ALL, NO KNOWLEDGE OF GREEK BEING REQUIRED 20. Greek Archaeology...... I, 2 lor 2 Jr., Sr. None 21. Greek Literature and Life...... 2 2 Jr., Sr. None 22. Greek Mythology...... 1,2 lor 2 Jr., Sr. None *Both semesters must be completed before credit is allowed for the first semester. 1. First Year in Greek Messrs. HUTCHINSON and SAVAGE . Ten credits (five hours per week); both semesters. Open to all. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. ----~------

Students are advised to take this course in their freshman year, especially such as intend to fit themselves for teaching Latin. Those also who expect to do intensive work in Ancient History or Philosophy, or who expect to sturty Theology, or who intend to devote themselves to Literature, should take this course in the freshman year. First semester: The declensions and conjugations and the simpler rules of syntax, together with sentences based on the vocabulary of the Anabasis, and translation into Greek of idiomatic English senten~based upon the same text. Second semester: The ANabasis itself, an amount equivalent to about a book; Hadley's week Grammar; etymology reviewed and syntax studied sufficiently to enable the student to proceed confidently in the translation of the text; translation from English into Greek continued. t2 History and Epic Poetry: A nabasis and Iliad Messrs. HUTCHINSON and SAVAGP. Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to sopho mores, juniors, and seniors who have completed Course 1. Credits allowed only when both semesters are taken. For students who have begun Greek in the University. Books 2, 3, and 4 of Xeno phon's Anabasis the first semester, with particular attention to syntax and irregular verbs; selections from Homer's Iliad the second semester, with special attention to prosody and to poetical forms and usages. p. Historical Prose: Xenophon and Herodotus Mr. SAVAGE Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to fresh men, sophomores, juniors, and seniors who offer two years of Greek for admission to the University. Both semesters must be completed before credit is allowed for the first semester. Selections from Xenophon's writings the first semester, with special attention to syn tax and irregular verbs; selections from Herodotus the second semester, with particular attention to peculiarities of dialect and style; lectures on Greek historiography.

4. Philosophy: Plato's Apology, and selections Mr. HUTCHINSON Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to those who have completed Course 2 or 3. The reading ot Plato's Apolol'Y, together with selectionsfrom the Cruo and the Phaedo; lectures on Greek philosophy.

5. Oratory: Lysias and Demosthenes Mr. SAVAGE Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to those who have completed Course 2 or 3. Readings from the orations of Lysias and Demosthenes; selections from lsocrates; lectures on Greek oratory. Less attention to syntax and more attention to matters of literary interest.

6. Lyrics Mr. HUTCHINSON Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 4 or 5. VBriaus forms of Greek poetry other than the epic and dramatic: selections from the elegiac, iambic, lyric, and bucolic poets.

t While the department considers the order of work as laid down in Courses 2 an,d 3, the most satisfactory for the general student, yet in special cases students who, in the judgment of the department, can with profit do so, may interchange these courses in whole or in part, or take them simultaneously. GREEK 95

7. Tragedy: Aeschylus or Sophocles Mr. SAVAGE Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 4 or 6. The reading of the text is supplemented by intensive study of the play read, 'with special reference to literary form and dramatic representation.

8. Philosophy (Advanced): Plato's Repltblic Mr. HUTCHINSON Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 4. Alternates with Course 9. The Rlpublic of Plato is read, not primarily for its philosophic interest, but as one of the masterpieces of Greek literature. The study is, therefore. in the main a study of literary style.

9. Oratory (Advanced): Demosthenes' De Corona Mr. SAVAGE Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completedCourse 5. Alternates with Course 8. Not offered in 1912-13. A careful study of the development of oratorical style among the Greeks, and its culmination in this acknowledged masterpiece. to. Epic Poetry (Advanced): The iliad Mr. HUTCHINSON Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 7 or 11. The objectl of this course is to secure as intimate an acquaintance as possible, at first hand, with Homer. The Homeric question given but scanty attention, its place being in the graduate work (Course 19). Literary values receive chief attention, and that these may be realized by the student as much of the text is read as is consistent with careful work.

11. Dramatic Poetry: Euripides and Aristophanes Mr. SA VAGE Four credits (two hours per week); both semesters. Open in the first semester to those who have completed Course 2 or 3, and in the second semester to those who have completed the first semester's work or Course 7. First semester. one of the plays of Euripides; second semester, the F~"gs of Aris tophanes. Special) attention given to metre, literary style, and mythology; supplemented by lectures on the authors studied.

12. Greek Composition Mr. HUTCHINSON Two credits (one hour per week); both semesters. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Courses 4 and 5. Both semestprs must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. Recommended to those who expect to teach Greek. A systematic review of Greek syntax and the retranslation into Greek of passages translated from various classic authors, illustrative of various styles.

13. Later Greek Mr. HUTCHINSON Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 4. Selected readings from the Septuagint and the New Testament. Credit will be given for either half of the course.

14. Seminar in Oratory or Philosophy Mr. HUTCHINSON One credit (one hour per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 4 or 5. The work given in connection with Plato's Republic. .96 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

15. Seminar in Greek Tragedy Mr. SAVAGE One credit (one hour per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course S.

16. Advanced Course in Epic Poetry Mr. HUTCHINSON Open to graduate students only.t

17. Advanced Course in Greek Dramatic Poetry Mr. SAVAGE Open to graduate students only.t

18. Advanced Course in Greek Oratory Mr. SAVAGE Open to graduate students only.t

19. Later Greek (322 B. C. to 200 A. D.) Mr. HUTCHINSON Open to graduate students only.t

COURSES NOT REQUIRING A KNOWLEDGE OF GREEK

The following courses are particularly desirable for students whose majors are in Language, History, or Philosophy, and for students in Art. The object in general is to make the student acquainted with those charac teristics of the Greeks which make them the permanent teachers of the world.

20. Archaeology of Greek Art Mr. HUTCHINSON (a) Architecture. One credit (one hour per week); first semester. (b) Sculpture. One credit (one hour per week); second semester. (cl Vases. One credit (one hour per week); first semester. (d) Gems and coins. One credit (one hour per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors. 20(c) and 20(d) will be offered in 1912 1913. Each semester's work is credited independently of the rest. Not more than two credits can be obtained in this course.

21. Greek Literature and Life Mr. SAVAGE Two credits (two hours per week); second semester. Open to junior and seniors. - Lectures, text-book work, and illustrative readings; special lectures illustrated by stereopticon views; Recommended to those who intend to teach Greek, Latin, English, or ancient history.

22. Greek Mythology Mr. SAVAGE One or two credits (one hour per week); both semesters. Open to seniors and juniors. Lectures, text-book work, and assigned readings, supplemented by occasional stereop ticon illustrations. R.ecommended to tbose wbo are specializing in Languagesor Philos opby. tFor further information students are requested to confer witb the Professor in charge of tbe subject. HISTORY 97

HISTORY

*WILLIS MASON WEST, M.A., Professor, Head of Department of History Library Building FRANK MALOY ANDERSON, M.A., Professor Library Building ALBERT BEEBE WHITE, Ph.D., Professor, Library Building WILLIAM STEARNS DAVIS, Ph.D., Professor Library Building WALLACE NOTESTEIN, Ph.D., Assistant Professor Library Building- *Resigned June, 1912.

REQUIREMENTS OF THE DEPARTMENT For a Minor, twelve credits, not including Course 1. For a Major, eighteen credits, not including Course 1, together with reinforcing subjects (thirty credits) selected from Economics and Political Science, Sociology, Law, Biological Sciences, languages according- to in dividual needs, and additional History. For B.A. wilh Distinction, the general requirements (page 36), thirty six credits in History (nine of which sh

COURSES

No. Title Semester Credits Offered to Prereq. courses 1. Medieval and Modern History.. I, 2 6* All None 2. English Constitutional " 1,2 6 All 2 yrs.prep.Hist. 3. Renaissance & Reformation. . . . . 1 3 Soph., Jr., Sr. lor20r8 4. Europe since 1789...... 1,2 6 Jr., Sr. lor20r8 ,..,.. S. American tb 1840...... 1,2 6 Soph., Jr., Sr. 2 6. English HistorY, 1689-1912..... 1.2 6 Soph., Jr., Sr. 1,2, or 8 7. Making of Constitution...... 1, 2 6 Jr., Sr., Grad. See statement 8. Amer. Polito Hist., 1492-1912... 1,2 6 All None 9. American Statesmen...... 2 3 Jr., Sr., Grad. 5 10. Historical Masterpieces...... 1 3 Jr., Sr., Grad. 3, 4, or 5 11. American Diplomacy...... 2 3 Jr., Sr., Grad. 5 12. European Diplomacy...... 2 3 Jr., Sr., Grad. 4

*Juniors and seniors allowed only half credit. 98 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

No. Title Semester Credits Offered to Prereq. courses 13. Colonial Expansion...... 2 3 Sr., Grad. 4 or 5 14. Authorities for N. E. History.. . I, 2 4 Sr., Grad. See statement 15. Historical Method...... 2 2 Soph., Jr., Sr. lor 2 16. Teachers' Course...... • 2 1 Sr., Grad. See statement 17. English Parliament...... 2 J Jr., Sr., Grad. 2 and 6 credits 18. English Judiciary...... 2 J Jr., Sr., Grad. 2 and 6 credits 19. Cromwellian England...... 1,2 6 Jr., Sr., Grad. 2 and 6 credits 20. Church and State...... 1 3 Jr., Sr., Grad. See statement 21. History of Greece...... I, 2 6 Jr., Sr. lor 2 22. Selected Topics in Greek Histo' . 2 3 Jr., Sr., Grad. See statement 23. Selected Topics in Roman Hist. 2 3 Jr., Sr., Grad. See statement 24. History of Rome...... 1,2 6 Jr., Sr., Grad. lor 2 26. History of Europe since 1878. . 1 3 Jr., Sr. lor 2

INTRODUCTORY COURSES Freshmen who have taken two years of History in the preparatory school (American Government included in the two years, if desired) may omit Courses 1 and 8, and begin with Course 2; and they are strongly advised to do so if they purpose to take a major in History.

1. Medieval and Modern History Mr. DAVIS Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to all. Designed especially for freshmen who offer less than two years of prepara tory History for admission. Not credited toward a major or minor. The growth of France, Germany, and Italy from 800 A. D. to the French Revolu tion, w;th reference also to social and economic conditions, and to the Medieval Church. 8. American Political History, 1492-1912 Mr. ANDERSON Six credits (three hours per week); hoth semesters. Open to fresh men who have not presented Senior American History for admission. Designed (like Course 1) for freshmen who ofter less than two years of preparatory History; and not recommended to students who expect to take more than two years of college history. Brief survey of the;e6lonial and the most recent periods, w;th fuller treatment for the years 1789-1865. Special attention given to political parties, territorial expansion, slavery, and the Civil War.

2. English Constitutional History to 1689 Mr. WHITE and Mr. NOTESTEIN Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to all who present two years of preparatory History for admission (AmericanGovern ment included in that amount, if desired), or to those who have completed Course 1 or 8. The general political history of England from the earliest times to tlte Bill of Rights, with special reference to the development of governmental institutions.

GENERAL COURSES

3. The Renaissance and Reformation Mr. WHITE Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to those who have completed Course 1 or 2 or 8. HISTORY 99

The Renaissance and Reformation as general European movemerts, with the empha sis uoon the work of individual men and upon ideas rather than upon politics and institu tions; how the medieval world became the modern world.

4. Europe since t 789 Mr. A~DERSON Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Course 1 or 2 or 8. The history of France, with that of other countries grouped about it; political history of the leading European states. Lectures, recitations, and the study of important historical documents, drawn principally from Anderson's Constitutions and other. 'r~ Select Documems Illustrative of the History of Franee, I 789-1907. , I) l#' '-J/ ..., II ~'1 / I I ~ ....";...'--" C· J " 1101" 5. American Constitutional History to~ Itb - Mr. ANDERSON , Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Course 2; required for Courses 7, 9, t I, and 14, and, therefore, of students who intend to specialize in History; recommended for the sophomore year.

6. English History, 1689-1912 Mr. NOTESTEI~ ,Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed any introductory course. Especially for students of English Literature, Economics and Political Science. Not given ii, 1912-13. a. 1689-1815. b. 1815-1912.

15. Historical Method and Bibliography Mr. WHITE Two credits (two hours per week); second semester. Open to those who have completed Course 1 or 2, but designed only for those who intend to specialize in History. Genesis of the modern historical method and use of the best tools in historical study. Exercises in historical criticism and interpretation; history of historical writings, expecially the work of Ranke and his followers and the origin of the seminar system; present methods and advantages of study in Gennany and France; existing helps to historical study, such as standard bibliographies, historical magazines, source material, etc.

16. Teachers' Course Mr. ANDERSON One credit (one hour per week); second semester. Open to seniors and graduate students who have, including courses in progress, twenty four credits in History; required for those who obtain a teacher's recom mendation in History. To assist those who expect to teach History in high schools. Mr. Anderson will be aided by other members of the department.

21. History of Greece Mr. DAVIS Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 1 or 2, but not to any who have had a course in Greek History. The political and social development of the Greek states to the time of their incorpo ration into the Roman Empire, with special attention to the permanent influence of Greek civilization. To alternate with Course 24. Not given in 1912-13. 100 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

22. Selected Topics in Greek History Mr. DAVIS Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors eligible for Course 21 but desiring a shorter course. Given in alternate years. Offered in 1912-13.

23. Selected Topics in Roman History Mr. DAVIS Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to students eligible for Course 24 but desiring a shorter course. To alternate with Course 22. Not offered in 1912-13.

24. History of Rome Mr. D.WIS Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 2, and, on approval, to those who have taken Course 1. Social and political development, with considerable attention to cultural subjects. In alternate Years. Given in 1912-13.

26. History of Europe since 187R Mr. ANDERSON Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors who ha\'e completed Course 1 or 2. A considerable knowledge of European History for the preceding thirty years is indispensable for an intelligent interest in contemPorary European politics. The object of this course is to furnish that knowledge and to develop the habit of observing recent and current political events in an historical spirit. Not given in 1912-13.

ADVANCED OR INTENSIVE COURSES

7. The Making of the Constitution Mr. WEST Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students who have completed Course 5, but only on approval of the instructor. Each member of the class studies in detail the transition in one of the original Af'leri can colonies to commonwealth government, with the constitution of his chosen state. The work of the PhiladelphiaConvention; the accounts of later writers compared with the sources; .. we, the people," the"compact" theory, and the province of the Supreme Court as .. final arbiter"; the writings of the day and the discussions of the ratifying state conventions.

9. Studies in American Statesmen Mr. ANDERSON Three credits'(three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students who have completed Course 2 and at least the first semester of Course 5. A research course. Each member of the class makes a study of some prominent American statesman; the sifting of the materials and the preparation of brief reports in regard to points assigned for investigation; the criticism of these reports and the synthesis of the results thus obtained. Not given in 1912-13.

10. A Critical Study of an Historical Masterpiece Mr. ANDERSON Three credits (three hours per week)~ first semester. Open to those who have completed Courses 3, 4, or 5. To develop the habit of reading history critically, Each year a .masterpiece of his torical literature minutely and criticiUly studied. In 1912-13 Rhodes' Hislory of the United States from the Compromise of 1850 will be read. HISTORY 101

11. The History of American Diplomacy Mr. ANDERSON Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to seniors and graduate students who have completed Course S. A research course dealing principally with the more important features of American foreign policy during the earlier years of the Federal Government.

12. The History of European Diplomacy since 1789 Mr. ANDERSON Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to seniors and graduate students who have completed or are taking Course 4; ability to read easy French is required. Critical, reading of the principal treaties and numerous state papers dealing with international relations. Not given in 1912-13. 13. Colonial Expansion and Administration Mr. WEST Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to seniors and graduate students who have completed Course 4 or S. In alternate years. Not given in 1912-13. The history of the colonial acquisitions of the great Ilations; colonial institutions and governments studied and compared in detail. 14. A Critical Study of Authorities for Early New England History Mr. WEST Four credits (two hours per week); both semesters. Open to seniors and graduate students who have completed eighteen credits including Course S. Given in alternate years. Historical criticism, based on a minute study of Winthrop's History of New England. Each member of the seminar has a group of secondary authorities assigned him which he is to criticize in the light of the original sources. A careful comparison of the chief sources with one another; a minute treatnient of political, social, and economic development in early New England. The number admitted to the course is limited to seven. 17. Beginnings of Parliament Mr. WHITE Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students who have completed twelve credits, including Course 2, and who obtain the permission of the instructor. Students should have a knowledge of at least high school Latin. Parliamentary beginnings based wholly upon original sources, dealing with the period from the middle of the twelfth to the middle of the fourteenth century. The origins of reprel"'ntation and popular election; the genesis of England's present two-house assembly; its procedure and powers. Given in alternate years with Course 18. Offered in 1912-13. 18. Origin of the English Judicial System Mr. WHITE Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students who have completed twelve credits, including Course 2, and who obtain the permission of the instructor. Students should have a knowledge of at least high school Latin. Detailed studies in the source material of the period from the seventh to the thirteenth century; the origin and early development of the most distinctive features in England's present-day court system and procedure. Given in alternate years with Course 17. Not offered in 1912-13. 19. Cromwellian England Mr. NOTESTEIN Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students who have completed twelve credits in 102 SCIENCE, LITERA TURE, AND THE ARTS

History, including Course 2. (English 11 is strongly recommended as a desirable reinforcing subject.) Given in two sub-courses, which may be taken independently one of the other. 20. Church and State in the Middle Ages' Mr. DAVIS Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students who have twelve credits in History exclu sive of courses in American History. Devoted to the study of the institutions of the Holy Roman Empire and the Papacy between the years 918 and 1254 A. D.

JOSEPH B. PIKE, M.A., Professor, Head of Department of Latin 118 Folwell Hall JOHN S. CLARK, B.A., Professor 111 Folwell Hall JOHN E. GRAN'RUD, Ph.D., Professor 126 Folwell Hall

For a Minor, Courses I, 2, 3, and 4. For a Major, Courses I, 2, 3, and 4, together with six additional credits selected from Courses 6 to 14 inclusive, and reinforcing subjects (thirty credits) selected from Greek, advanced modem language, advanced Eng lish, Philology, History, Philosophy (Courses 9 and 25), and additional Latin courses. For B.A. with Distinction, the general requirements (page 36) and twelve credits in addition to the requirements for a major, Course 10 being compulsory. For a Teacher's Certificate, Courses I, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7 with an average of at least g0.od. COURSES No. Title Semester Credits Offered to Prereq. courses A. Cicero or third yr. Latin...... • I, 2 6* All 2 yrs. Prep. Latin B. Virgil .. 1,2 6* All 3 yrs. Prep. Latin 1. Livy•...•...... '.. • 3 t* All 4 yrs. Prep. Latin 2. Plautus and Terence...... 2 3\ All 1 3. Horace...... 1 33} * Soph., Jr., Sr. I and 2 4. Tacitus...... 2 Soph., Jr.• Sr. 1·3 6. Adv. Caesar...... I 3 Jr., Sr. 1-4 7. Adv. Virgil...... 2 3 Jr., Sr. 1-4 8a. Pliny's Letters...... 1 2 Jr., Sr. 1-4 8b. Latin Romance...... 1 2 Jr., Sr. 1-4 10. Composition...... 2 2 Jr., Sr. 1-4 II. Elegiac Poetry...... I 3 Jr., Sr. 1-4 12. Correspondence of Cicero...... I 3 Jr., Sr. 1-4 148. Drama...... 2 3 Jr., Sr. 1-4 14b. Roman Law...... 2 3 Jr., Sr. *Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. LATIN 103

No. Title Semester Credits Offered to Prereq. courses 15. Roman Architecture and Life.. . . 1 1 Jr., Sr. None 16. Roman Art...... 2 1 Jr., Sr. None 17. Lucretius...... I, 2 6 Grad. 18. Seneca...... 1,2 6 Grad.

A. Cicero or Third Year Latin Mr. GRANRUD Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed two years of preparatory Latin. Orations of Cicero or selections from prose writers.

B. Virgil Mr. CLARK Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed three years of preparatory Latin. Course A or B, but not both, may count toward a major. First six books of the Aeneid.

1. Livy: Books I, II, XXI, XXII. Selections Messrs. PIKE, CLARK, and GRANRUD Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to those who have completed four years of Latin in preparatory schools. Course 2 must also be completed before credit is given for this course. Latin composition and review of the principles of Latin syntax.

2. Plautus and Terence. Selections Messrs. PIKE, CLARK, and GRANRUD Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to those who have completed Course 1. The translations of selected plays of Plautus and Terence, with an outline study of the beginnings of the Roman drama.

3. Horace Messrs. PIKE, CLARK, and GRANRUD Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to those who have taken Courses 1 and 2. Course 4 must also be taken before credit is given for this course. Selections from the odes, epodes, satires, and epistles, with a study of the life and literary art of Horace.

4. Tacitus Messrs. PIKE, CLARK, and GRANRUD Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to those who have taken Courses 1, 2, and 3. The Germania and Agricola of Tacitus, with study of the style of Tacitus.

6. Advanced Course in Caesar Mr. PIKE Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to those who have completed Courses 1 to 4 indusive; required for a teacher's recommendation in Latin. Selectionb from books five to seven of the Gallic War and from the Civil War; the principles of indirect discourse: intermediate Latin composition; class drill work and dis cussion of various problems connected with secondary llChool work in Latin, 104 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND 2'HE ARTS

7. Advanced Course in Virgil Mr. PIKE Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to those who have completed Courses 1 to 4 inclusive; required for a teacher's recommendation in Latin. An interpretation of selections from books seven to twelve of the Aeneid; a study of the quantitative method of pronouncing Latin verse; practice in the metrical rendering of selected passages.

8a. Pliny's Letters Mr. PIKE Two credits (two hours per week); first semester. Open to those who have completed Courses 1 to 4 inclusive. Selections from the correspondence of Pliny the Younger with a study of his times.

8b. Latin Romance Mr. PIKE Two credits (two hours per week); first semester. Open to those who have completed Courses 1 to 4 inclusive. The Cena Trimalchionis and the Cupid and Psyche of Apuleius. Courses 8a and 8b are offered in alternate years. Course 8b is offered for 1912-13.

10. Latin Composition Mr. PIKE Two credits (two hours per week); second semester. Open to those who have completed Courses 1 to 4 inclusive; required for degree with distinction. • Advanced Latin composition and a study of Latin prose style.

11. Roman Elegiac Poetry Mr. CLARK Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to those who have completed Courses 1 to 4 inclusive. Selections from Catullus. Tibullus. Propertius, and Ovid, with a study of the rise, development, and characteristics of Roman elegiac poetry.

12. Correspondence of Cicero Mr. CLARK Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to those who have completed Courses 1 to 4 inclusive. Selections from the letters of Cicero, with a study of his life and the history of his times. Courses 11 and 12 are offered in alternate years. Course 12 is offered for 191'2-13.

14a. Roman Drama Mr. CLARK Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Selections from Seneca's tragedies and from the comedies of Plautus and Terence, with a study of the ri.'le and development of the drama at Rome.

14b. Roman Law Mr. CLARK Three credits (three hours per week); second semester Translations of the text of the IHSlit""'s of Justinian and of Robinson's Selections with an outline study (1) of the sources and development of' Roman Law and (2) of Roman private law. Courses 14a and 14b are offered in alternate years. Course 14a is offered for 1912-13.

15. Roman Architecture and Life Mr. GRANRDD One credit (one hour per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors; no knowledge of Latin required. MA THEMA TICS 105

Rome and the Campagna, the forum, temples, theatres, amphitheatres, circuses, thermae, arches, and tombs. Lectures illustrated by slides. Not credited toward a major or minor, but as a reinforcing subject.

16. Roman Art Mr. GRANRUD One credit (one hour per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors; no knowledge of Latin is required. Roman and Pompeian sculpture, wall decoration, painting, and minor arts; character istics of Roman art. Not credited toward a major or minor, but as a reinforcing subject.

17. Lucretius Mr. CLARK Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to graduate students; other arrangements may be ascertained upon application to the department. The reading and interpretation of the text of Lucretius, with a study of his philosophy and its sources.

18. Seneca Mr. PIKE Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to graduate students; other arrangements may' be ascertained upon application to the department. Rea::ling, interpretation, and annotation of the Utters of Seneca with a study of Stoi· cism at Rome.

MATHEMATICS

JOHN F. DOWNEY, M.A., C.E., Professor, Head of Department of Mathe- matics 119 Folwell Hall GEORGE N. BAUER, Ph.D., Professor 100 Folwell Hall WILLIAM H. BUSSEY, Ph.D., Assistant Professor 122 Folwell Hall ANTHONY L. UNDERHILL, Ph.D., Assistant Professor 121 Folwell Hall ROYAL R. SHUMWAY, B.A., Assistant Professor 122 Folwell Hall *GEORGE P. PAINE, M.A., Assistant Professor 120 Folwell Hall HERMON L. SLOBIN, Ph.D., Instructor 121 Folwell Hall JAMES S. MIKESH, B.A., Instructor 123 Folwell Hall LINCOLN K. ADKINS, M.S., Instructor 123 Folwell Hall

For a Minor, Courses I, 2, 7,8, or 3,4, 7, 8. For a Major, eighteen credits, including Course 9, together with reinforcing subjects (thirty credits) selected from Astronomy, Physics, Mechanics, Logic, advanced German and French (12 credits), and addi tional Mathematics. For B.A. with Distinction, the general requirements (page 36) and one year of Pure Mathematics in addition to the requirements for a major. For a Teacher's Certificate, an average of at least good in Courses I, 2, 7, 8, 9, or 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, anJ an entrance credit in Solid Geometry. Course 13 is also recommended.

*Resigned June, 1912. 106 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

COURSES No. Title Semesters Credits Offered to Prereq. courses 1. Higher Alg. Part 1...... 1 st Fresh. 'EI. Alg. 2. Alg. cont. and PI. Trig...... • 2 st Fresh. 1 3. Higher Alg. Part II...... 1 3*t Fresh., Soph. 1 4. Trigonometry...... 2 3*t Fresh., Soph. 3 7. Analytical Geometry...... 1 3 Soph., Jr., Sr. 2 or 4 8. Differential Calculus...... 1 or 2 3 Soph., Jr., Sr. 7 9. Integral Calculus...... 1 or 2 3 Jr., Sr. 8 10. Adv. Plane Anal. Geom...... • 1 3 Jr., Sr. 8 11. Solid Anal. Geom...... 1 3 Jr., Sr. 8 12. Differential Equations...... 2 3 Jr., Sr. 9 13. Teachers' Course...... 2 1 Jr., Sr. 8 14. Modern Synthet. Geom...... 2 3 Jr., Sr. 8 20. Method of Least Squares...... 2 2 Sr. 9 21. Theoretical Mechanics...... 1, 2 3 Sr. 9 22. Modern Higher Algebra...... 1 3 Sr., Grad. 9 2S. Theory of Numbers...... 1,2 4 Grad. 9 26. Infinite Series...... 1 3 Sr., Grad. 9 27. Advanced Calculus...... 2 3 Sr., Grad. 9 28. Functions of a Complex Variable. 1,2 6 Grad. 12 29. Differential Geometry...... 1,2 6 Sr., Grad. 12 30. Advanced Diff. Equations...... 1, 2 6 Grad. 12 31. Functions of Real Variables & Calculus of Variations...... 1, 2 6 Grad. 12 *Juniors and seniors are allowed only half c:-redit. tBoth semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. 1. Higher Algebra, Part I Messrs. UNDERHILL. SHUMWAY, PAINE, SLOBIN, and MIKESH Five credits (five hours per week); first semester. Required of freshmen who have not an entrance credit in the subject; must be followed by Course 2; not open to those who have taken the subject in the prepar atory school. The fundamental rules, factoring, highest common divisor, lowest common multiple, fractions, involution, evolution, surds, imaginaries, simple equations with one, two, and several unknown quantities, inequalities, ratio and proportion, arithmetical and geometrical progressions, quadratic equations, and numerous problems requiring both simple and quadratic equations. The examples and problems are more difficult than those under the same subjects in Elementary Algebra and demonstrations are,an important part of the work. 2. Algebra Continued and Plane Trigonometry Messrs. UNDERHILL, SHUMWAY, PAINE, SLOBIN, and MIKESH Five credits (five hours per week); second semester. Required of freshmen who have not an entrance credit in Course 1. A continuation of Course 1 and consists of Algebra through logarithms, and Plane Trigonometry; only six credits of Courses 1 and 2 counted toward a major or minor. 3. Higher Algebra, Part II Messrs. BAUER, BUSSEY, UNDERHILL, SHUMWAY, PAINE, SLOBIN, and MIKESH Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to those who 1lQve completed Course 1; must be followed bv Course 4. 'Varhtion, quadratic equations reviewed, irrational equ"ations, special higher equa tions, simultaneous quadratic equatbns, differentiation of algebraic functions, developmer.t of functions (by the method of indeterminate coefficients, Taylor's formula, and the bino mial theorem), theory of equations and solution of numerical higher equations, permutatior.s and conlbinations. MA THEMA TICS 107

4. Logarithms and Trigonometry Messrs. BAUER, BUSSEY, UNDER- HILL, SHUMWAY, ,PAINE, SLOBIN, and MIKESH Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to those who have completed Course 3. Tex:, tables, and numerous problems.

7. Analytical Geometry Messrs. BAUER, BUSSEY, SHUMWAY, PAINE, and SLOBIN Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to those who have completed Course 2 or 4. Rectilinear and polar co-ordinates, producing equations of loci whose law of develop ment is known, constntcting and discussing such equations, transformation of co-ordinates, properties of the straight line, the conic sections and higher plane curves by means of their equations.

8. Differential Calculus Messrs. DOWNEY, BAUER, BUSSEY, SHUM- WAY, PAINE, and SLOBIN Three credits (three hours per week) i each semester. Open to those who have completed Course 7. Differentiation of algebraic and transcendental functions, development of functions, indeterminate forms, maxima and minima. treatment of tangents, subtangents, normals, subnormals, asymptotes, direction and rate of curvature, evolutes, envelopes, and singular points..

9. Integral Calculus Mr. DOWNEY Three credits (three hours per week) i each semester. Open to those who have completed Course 8. Integration of the various fonns, integration as summation, rectification of curves, quadrature of plane and curved surfaces, cubature of volumes, equations of loci by means of the calculus, successive integration with applications to moment of inertia, areas and volumes.

10. Advanced Course in Piane Analytical Geometry Mr. BAUER Three credits (three hours per week) i first semester. Open to those who have completed Course 8. Supplementary to Course 7, treating more fully of the subjects of that course and taking up additional subjects. Not offered in 1912-13.

11. Solid Analytical Geometry Mr. BUSSEY Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to those who have completed Course 8. Elementary theorems of projection. co-ordinates, the plane, the line in space, quadric surfaces, transformation of co-ordinates, tangents, poles and polars, the general equation of the second degree. Numerous examples are assigned to illustrate the theory.

12. Differential Equations Mr. UNDERHILL Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to those who have completed Course 9. Text and lectures.

13. Teachers' Course Mr. SHUMWAY One credit (one hour per week); second semester. Open to those who have completed Course 8. 108 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

Special attention is paid to the fundamental principles of Algebra and Geometry. Text and assigned readings.

14. Modem Synthetic Geometry Mr. BUSSEY Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 8. Based upOn the method of central projection without the use of co-ordinates.

20. Method of Least Squares Mr. LEAVENWORTH Two credits (two hours per week); second semester. Open to those who have completed Course 9. The combination and adjustment of observations and the discussion of their precision as applied especially to Engineering, Physics, and Astronomy.

. 21. Theoretical Mechanics (In College of Engineering) Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Course 9. Recitations and lectures.

22. Modem Higher Algebra Mr. SHUMWAY Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to seniors and graduate students who have completed Course 9. Not offered in 1912-13.

25. Theory of Numbers Mr. BUSSEY Four credits (two hours per week); both semesters. Open to graduate students who have completed Course 9. Not offered in 1912-13.

26. Infinite Series Mr. BAUER Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to seniors and graduate students who have completed Course 9.

27. Advanced Calculus Mr. BAUER Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to seniors and graduate students who have completed Course 9. This course goes farther into some of the subjects treated in Courses 8 and 9, and takes up some impOrtant subjects not included in those courses.

28. Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable Mr. BAUER Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to graduate students who have completed Course 12. Lectures, readings, and problems. Not offered in 1912-13.

29. Differential Geometry Mr. UNDERHILL Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to seniors and graduate students who have completed Course 12.

30. Advanced Differential Equations Mr. SLOBIN Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to graduate students who have completed Course 12. MILITARY SCIENCE AND TACTICS 109

Ordinary and partial differential equations, including differential equations with infinitesimal transformations; general theory of linear differential equations; the most important partial differential equations of mathematical physics; Gauss's, Legendre's, Laplace's, Lame's, and Bessel's functions; the elements and applications of the theory of functions which arise in the theory of differential equations. Not offered in 1912-13.

31. Theory of Functions of Real Variables and Calculus of Variations Mr. UNDERHILL Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to graduate students who have completed Course 12. Not offered in 1912-13.

MILITARY SCIENCE AND TACTICS

*EDMUND L. BUTTS, Major 25th Infantry, U. S. A., Professor, Head -of Department of Military Science and Tactics Armory BERT ROSE, Instructor of Band Armory

1. Military Drill MAJOR BUTTS Three hours per week; both semesters. Drill is required of all men in the freshman and sophomore classes. Freshman: Practical instruction in schools of the soldier, company, and battalion; signals, ceremonies; schools of the cannoneer and battery. Sophomore: Practical and theoretical instruction in SGhools of the company and battalion; advance and rear guard drill; practical and theo retical instruction in guard duty. Gallery practice. Ceremonies. For the instruction in Military Drill and administration the students are organized into a corps of cadets, consisting of three battalions of infantry, a band, and a platoon of artillery. A uniform of prescribed pattern is worn by all cadets during drill. The uniform consists of blouse, trousers, and cap, modeled after the U. S. Military Academy cadet uniform, and costs in Minneapolis about $15. Military Drill may be taken voluntarily by others outside of the freshman and sophomore classes; and to encourage this, as it is considered beneficial, not only to the individual student, but to the State generally, a year's drill is allowed to count as a three-hour credit for one semester. Students who voluntarily register for drill beyond the required amount must register for the entire year and be subject to the same regulations as other cadets. No credit will be allowed for such drill for less than one year. An encampment of cadets, not including incoming freshmen, is held at the beginning of each yp.ar. Sophomore cadets attending the encamp ment are excused from all military drill of the first semester except on Saturdays. Students due but not reporting for encampment are required to report for all military exercises during the semester and, unless excused for satisfactory reasons, will be required to report at the next encampment.

2. Military Science MAJOR BUTTS Two hours per week; second semester. Optional with juniors and seniors. *Term of service expires September 1, 1912, 110 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

Instruction in advance and rear guards, outposts, reconnaissance, camping, duties of company commander, articles of war, records. This work when satisfactorily completed taken in connection with the year's drill will give a four-hour credit for the semester. Military instruction is intended to be so conducted as to develop a soldier-like bearing and foster a spirit of gentlemanly courtesy, soldierly honor, and obedience to lawful authority, as well as to familiarize students with company, battalion, and regimental manoeuvres, guards, and the theoretical and practical use of firearms. On graduation of each class the Commandant will report to the Adju tant General of the Army the names of the graduates who may have shown special aptitude for the military service and furnish a copy thereof to the Adjutant General of the State. The officers and non-commissioned officers are required to be good students in the other departments, soldier-like in the pedormance of their duties, exemplary in their general deportment and able to pass a creditable examination in drill regulation. In general, the officers are selected from the senior class; the sergeants from the junior class; and the corporals from the sophomore class. THE ROSTER OF THE CORPS OF CADETS

CADET COLONEL R. W. Whittier CADET LIEUTENANT COLONEL R. B. Rob;nson CADET MAJORS Wilson, Robert Ganssle, W. L. Beyer, W. F. CADET CAPTAINS Gillam, S. S., Company A Blodgett, H. P., Company M Swanman, I. C., Company K Sohlberg, Olaf, Company C Bibb, E. S., Company B Hixon, C. S., ~gimental Adjutant Benham, C. F., Company D Young, C. N., Company G Bertram, Edward, Regimental Quartermaster Hotchkiss, R. W., Company E Gamble, G. H., Company I McLeod, J. R., Company H .Orr, G. M., Company F Stevenson, J. A., Company L Brooks, R. L., Battery CADET FIRST LIEUTENANTS Mertz, K. J., Bugle Corps Haines, A. K., Company G Harris, S. G., Company M Doormann, H. J .. Company C Clymer, W. R., Company L Smith, C. W., Company A Lovering, .H. D., Battalion Adjutant, First Pratt, C. H., Company D Battalion Plaisance, G. P., Battalion Adjutant Third Bailey, W. H., Battalion Adjutant, Second Battalion Battalion Lambert, H. T., Company I Mariette, P. A., Company E andCommand- Quinn, T. P., Company B ing Crack Squad Gammell, J. H., Company C Critchett, E. F., Company K Rehnke, C. A., Company A Villars, H. S., Company H Norman, S., Banoi Dewars, A., Company F Stratte, J., Band Erickson, V. L., Company K Gtlbert, D. D., Battery Nelson, M, 0" CQmpany H and in charge of Make Up Drill MUSIC 111

CADET SECOND LIEUTENANTS Warner, H. A., Company A Matchett, H., Company F Dvoracek, 0, C,. Company M Foster, L. W., Company I Rickel, C, K., Company E Tibbling, E. F., Company C Wadsworth, W, M., Company H Boutell, F. L., Company K Mahoney, W., Company G Siverts, J, S., Company F Boss, L. C., Company B Nelson, C.. Band Door, L. A., Company 0 Veblen, R. N., Battery

CARLYLE SCOTT, Professor, Head of Department of Music, 315 14th Ave. S. E.

For a Minor, twelve credits, not including Courses 4, 6, and 7. A Major is not offered. Students entering the University for the express purpose of studying Music must register for Courses 1 and 4 and two other three-hour subjects outside of the Department of Music. ' The practical aim of the theoretical courses is to acquaint the student with the laws underlying musical composition, enabling him, at the same time, through critical analysis, to arrive at the keenest perception and appreciation of master works in music; and, finally, to stimulate latent talent to self-expression of musical thoughts in correct form. A certifi cate of proficiency in Music will be granted to students who, having completed th€' theoretical courses and two years of pianoforte, are able to play one of the standard concertos and, in addition, show marked musical ability. COURSES

No. Title Semester Credits Offered to Prereq. courses 1. Harmony...... 1,2 4 Jr.. Sr. None 2. Counterpoint...... 1, 2 4 Jr., Sr. See statement 3. Form and Composition...... 2 2 Sr. See statement 4. Pianoforte...... 1, 2 3 or 6 Jr.,'Sr. See statement 5. Pianoforte, second course...... • 1, 2 3 or 6 Jr.• Sr. '.see statement 6. Choral Culture...... 1,2 1 or 2 Jr., Sr. See statement 8. History of Music...... 1, 2 2 Jr., Sr. None

1. Harmony Mr. SCOTT Four credits (two hours per week); Qoth semesters. Open to juniors and seniors. The study of c' :>rds, their construction, relations, and progressions. The work con· sists of written exercises on basses, the harmonization of given melodies. Foote and Spauld· ing's Mod...,. Harmo,." is used as a text-book.

2. Counterpoint Mr. SCOTT Four credits (two hours per week); both semesters. Open to juniors and seniors who have a thorough knowledge of harmony. 112 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

The harmonization of melodies in two, three, and four voices in the different orders 0 f counterpoint. Spaulding's Tonal Count.rPoin' is used as a text-book.

3. Musical Form and Free Composition Mr. SCOTT Two credits (two hOUTS per week); second semester. Open to seniors who have completed Course 1 and the first semester of Course 2; for those specializing in Music and can be taken only with the consent of the instruc tor. At the close of the year a program of original composItion will be given.

4. Pianoforte Mr. SCOTT Three or six credits (one and a half or three hours per week); both semesters. Open to juniors and seniors who have mastered technical difficulties of the degree of Czerny's School of Velocity and the easier Haydn and Mozart sonatas; for those who intend to pursue the higher branches of the pianoforte, the art of playing, or to fit themselves for piano teachers. The fee is thirty-two or sixty-four dollars per semester.

5. Pianoforte, second course Mr. SCOTT Three or six credits (one and a half or three hours per week); both semesters. Open to seniors who have completed Course 4. The fee is thirty-two or sixty-four dollars per semester.

6. Choral Culture Mr. SCOTT Two credits (one hour per week); both semesters. Open to juniors and seniors. A single credit may be secured for chorus work. Students may pursue the chorus work without credit by securing consent of the director. A popular course In choral practice for four-part mixed voices. with occasional selec tions for male voices and female v~ices separately; features: sight singing with hints on proper tone-production. correct breathing, vocalization, and solfeggio; the art-forms in choral compositions studied and analyzed. (Chorus a capella, motet. cantata, oratorio.)

8. History of Music Mr. SCOTT Two credits (one hour per week); both semesters. Open to juniors and seniors. < A literary course. Lectures are given on the development of Music from the time 0 Palestrina to the present day.

PHILOSOPHY AND PSYCHOLOGY

NORMAN WILDE, Ph.D., Professor, Head of Department )f Philosophy and Psychology 323 Folwell Hall DAVID F. SWENSON, B.S., Assistant Professor 320 Folwell Hall J AMES BURT MINER, Ph.D., Assistant Professor 317 Folwell Hall HERBERT H. WOODROW, Ph.D., Assistant Professor 318 Folwell Hall CARL L. RAHN, Ph.B., Instructor 320 Folwell Hall AUSTIN S, EDWARDS,·Ph.D" Instructor 316 Folwell Hall PHILOSOPHY AND PSYCHOLOGY 113

For a Minor, twelve credits. For a Major, eighteen credits, together with reinforcing subjects (thirty credits) selected, according to the needs of the individual, from Greek, Latin, Mathematics, Physics, Biology, the social sciences, English, Education, modern languages, and additional Philosophy and Psychology. For B.A. with Distinction, the general requirements (page 36) and six credits in addition to the requirements for a major, at least six of twenty four credits in the department being from intensive courses. The courses offered by the department fall into three groups: 1. Introductory Courses: la, Ib, and 2. Course la or Ib is required for all advanced work in Psychology, and either la or Ib or 2 for all work in Philosophy. 2. General Courses. 3. Advanced Intensive Courses. These courses are open only to graduate students and advanced undergraduates. The courses may also 1?e grouped according to their purpose as follows: 1. Of special value for Education: la, 11, 13, IS, and 16. 2. Fundamental courses in Psychology: la, 4, 5, 16, 17, and 21. 3. Fundamental courses in Philosophy: Ib, 2, 9, 10, 11, and 14.

COURSES

No. Title Semester Credits Offered to Prereq. courses la. General Psychology...... 1,2 6t Soph., Jr.• Sr. None lb. Elements of Psychology...... lor 2 3 Soph., Jr., Sr. None 2. Logic ...... lor 2 3 Soph., Jr., Sr. None 4. Exp. Psych.: The Senses..... 1 3 Jr., Sr. la 5. Exp. Psych.: Higher Mental Processes...... 2 3 Jr.. Sr. 4 6. Philosophy of 19th Century.. 2 3 Sr., Grad. 12 credits 7. Psychological Interpretation. 1 3 Jr., Sr. 6 credits 8. Aesthetics...... 2 3 Jr., Sr. 6 credits 9. Ancient and Moo. Philosophy 1 3 Jr., Sr. 6 credits 10. Modem Philosophy...... 2 3 Jr., Sr. 6 credits 11. Ethics...... , lor 2 3 Soph., Jr., Sr. la or lb or 2 12. Philosophy of Religion...... 2 3 Jr., Sr. la or lb or 2 13. Psych. of Moral and Religious Development...... 1 3 Jr., Sr. 6 credits 14. Logic of Science...... 2 3 Jr., Sr. la or Ib and 2 15. Mental Retardation...... 1 3 Jr., Sr.. Grad. la 16. Advanced Educational Psych. 2 3 Sr., Grad. la 17. Seminar in Psychology...... 1,2 6t Sr., Grad. 12 credits 21. Psychological Principles...... 1 3 Jr., Sr., Grad. la or lb, and 2 *22. Seminar in Philosophy...... 1,2 6 Sr., Grad. 12 credits *25. Philosophy of Plato...... 1 3 Sr., Grad. 9 or 10 or 6 *26. Nervous System and Mental Life...... 2 3 Jr., Sr.• Grad. la

tBoth semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. *Open to students only upon approval of the department. 114 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

INTRODUCTORY COURSES

la. General Psychology Messrs. MINER, WOODROW, RAHN, and EDWARDS Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to sopho mores, juniors, and seniors. This course is strongly advised as an intro duction for all whocan give a year to the subject; either la or lb is required for the teacher's certificate. Both semesters of la must be completed before credit is given for the first. The aims and methods of Psychology, the facts and laws of mental life and the functions of the various mental processes in the adjustment of man and his enVIronment; the study of mental development and the learning process in relation to training and instinct lb. Elements of Psychology Messrs. SWENSON and RAHN Three credits (three hours per week); each semester. Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. ... For those who do not expect to take further work in Psychology, but wish a brief outline of the subject. either as preparatory for work in Philosophy or as part of their general education. The significance of mental facts for the problems of Phtlosophy will be noted.

2. Logic Messrs. SWENSON and RAHN Three credits (three hours per week); each semester. Open to sopho mores, juniors, and seniors. The nature of knowledge, the laws of reasoning, and the principles and methods of scientific proof. The aim of the course is to produce accuracy of thought as well as to familiarize the student with t!)e logical grounds of modern science. Text-book, lectures, and reports.

GENERAL COURSES

4. Experimental Psychology Mr. WOODROW Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course la. To develop ability in the use of psychological methods and to give first-hand familiar ity with the most important results. Experiments by the members of the class. upon each othert in attention, comparl$on and discrimination. sensation. affection, imagination, asso ciation, pereeption of space and time, rhythm, memory, judgment, emotion and suggestion, and in the measurement of various aspects of each of these mental processes; the relation ship of these processes to educational procedure, such as the transference of training, work and fatigue, the formation of habits, the learning process, the conditions of attention, indi vidual differences, the measurement of intelligence, and the diagnosis of mental abnormalities and defects. One hour of class discUSSlon and two double hour laboratory periods.

5. Experimental Psychology Mr. WOODROW Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course la. The continuation of Course 4.

6. The Philosophy of the Nineteenth Century Mr. WILDE Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to seniors who have twelve credits in the department. PHILOSOPHY AND PSYCHOLOGY 115

The natural conclusion of Course 10 which should, if possible, be taken before, or along with it. The Ideahsm of Fichte and Hegel, the Pessimism of Schopenhauer and Von Hartmann, the Associationalism of Hartley. James, and John Stuart Mill, the Plulosophy of Evolution, the Positivism of Comte. Pragmatism. Materialism, the New Realism.

7. Psychological Interpretation Mr. MINER Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have six credits in the department. Unusual and pathological mental states studied for the light they throw upon normal mental life; the psychological explanation of characters in history and literature; the sub conscious, dreams, suggestibility, telepathy, nervous disorders, insanity, secondary per sonalities, and the crowd.

8. Aesthetics Mr. SWENSON Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have six credits in the department. An introduction to the history and theory of aesthetics, including a psychological analysis of the consciousness of beauty and of the aesthetic impulse and some consideration of the main historic theories of beauty.

9. Ancient and Medieval Philosophy Mr. WILDE Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have six credits in the department. This and the two following courses give such an outline of the history of thought as is desirable in a general education. Emphasis is placed upon the human significance of philosophy rather than upon ita purely technical aspect. In the first semester the main work 's upon the philosophies of Plato and Aristotle, but the later development is traced as far as the Renaissance.

10. Modern Philosophy Mr. WILDE Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have six credits in the department. Lectures on the representative systems of modem philosophy from the Renaissance to the beginning of the nineteenth century, the purpose of the course being to prepare the student to un4erstand the philosophical tendencies of the present. The work will include a study of Bacon, Descartes, Spinoza, Leibnitz, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, Kant.

11. Ethics Mr. WILDE Three credits (three hours per week); each semester. Open to sopho mores, juniors, and seniors who have completed Course la or Ib or Course 2. The principles of morals; sketch of the historical development of morality followed by an analysis of its meaning, showing the elements in human nature upon which it is based and the ground of its authority; the nature of goodness, the authority of conscience, moral knowl edge, duty and responsibility; the application of moral principles to certain unsettled prob lems of moral life.

12. Philosophy of Religion Mr. WILDE Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course la or Ib or Course 2. To enable the student to take an intelligent attitude toward the present-day prob lems of religious theory; the work largely historical, tracing the development of the idea of God from its simplest beginnings through the changes undergone in Greek, Jewish, and Christian thought and d,scussing the ·nature and validity of the idea in view of modern scien. tific and philosophic theories. 116 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

13. Psychology of Moral and Religious Development Mr. RAHN Three credits (three hours per week) j first semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have six credits in the department. A psychological analysis of moral and religious experience; the usual course of develop ment in the individual of these forms of experience; the application of these facts to moral and religious education.

14. Logic of Science Mr. SWENSON Three credits (three hours per' week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Courses la or Ib and 2. An introduction to Philosophy through the medium of the special sciences, its aim . being to suggest a system of the sciences through a discussion of the nature and relations of their fundamental principles.

ADVANCED INTENSIVE COURSES

15. Mental Retardation Mr. WOODROW Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students who have completed Course la. The nature and conditions of retarded and perverted development in children; the detection of mental defects and the devising of special methods for the training of backward children. Specially designed for those contemplating teaching or social work. The obser vation of backward children forms a part of the work.

16. Advanced Educational Psychology Mr. MINER Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to seniors and graduate students who have completed Course la. The experimental and statistical methods used in the study of problems in develop ment and education, together with the results of researches in these lines; training for inde pendent psychological investigation of such problems.

17. Seminar in Psychology Messrs. MINER and WOODROW Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to seniors and graduate students who have twelve credits in Psychology. Both semesters must be taken before credit is given for the first semester. Minor: or major research in experimental, educational, analytic, genetic. or campara.. tive psychology.

21. Psychological Principles Mr. RAHN Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students who have completed Courses la or lb, and 2. An advanced course treating in detail some of the more important theoretical prob lems connected with Psychology. The methods and aim of the science, its fundamental principles. and its relations to other sciences. regard being had to the general outlines of hi.. torical development in these respects.

22. Seminar in Philosophy Messrs. WILDE and SWENSON Six credits (three hours per week) j both semesters. Open to graduate students and to approved seniors who have twelve credits in the depart ment. PHYSICAL TRAINING 117

Individual investigation in the field of philosophy. Studies in the history of either ancient or modern philosophy and ethics; critical and constructive studies in the field of logic. metaphysics. or ethics. The character of the work and the general topic for the year can be ascertained by consultation with the department.

25. The Philosophy of Plato Mr. WILDE Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to seniors and graduate students who have taken, or are taking, Course 9 or 10 or 6. The reading and discussiOn of the principal dialogues with a view to understanding the problem and method of Greek philosophy no illustrated in the writings of Plato.

26. The Nervous System and Mental Life Mr. JOHNSTON Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students by consent of the instructor. Given in the neurological laIJoratory of the College of Medicine and Surgery and recommended for advanced students in Psychology and Edu cation. An analysis of nervous mechanisms on the basis of function. followed by a study of the mechanisms of correlatton. the growth and education of the nervous system. cerebral functions and localizations, and the neural basts of elementary phenomena of consciousness

CLINIC IN MENTAL DEVELOPMENT

A free clinic for the study of irregular mental development has been organized by the department. Dr. J. P. Sedgwick, of the Medical College, has charge of the physical examinations. Besides the diagnosis of physical and mental condition, treatment is outlined and methods of training are . suggested or carried out under the direction of Mr. Miner and Mr. Wood row. The clinic is of special advantage to those who are studying retard ation. PHYSICAL TRAINING

FOR MEN

LOUIS J. COOKE, M.D., Director Armory WII1LIAM K. FOSTER, LL.M., Assistant Director Armory

A well-equipped gymnasium in charge of a professional medical director is open for the men. The training and exercise are under the immediate oversight and authority of the medical director and are wholly with a view to the healthful physical development of the whole student body. All men are required to be examined by the medical director of physical culture upon registration and during the course as often as the indications of the physical conditions may require. The decision of the director will be either: 1. Advisory, indicating what course of hygiene and exercise will best sustain and improve the health of the student, or 118 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

2. Mandatory, requiring the students to pursue the course of hygiene and physical exercise necessary for the proper care of health and the dis charge of their duties as students. Gymnasium work is required of all men in the freshman class, one hour per week (in two half-hour periods, if the director so decides) through out the year. The required work includes a course on personal hygiene during the first semes~er. Squad leaders who take work three hours per week through one year beyond the required work are granted two credits; provided that no student may receive more than a total of six credits for elective work in both physical training and drill.

FOR WOMEN

Physical training for women students is under the direction of a Health Officer-a woman trained in medicine, but not engaged in practice-who will have general oversight of the health of the women students. She will have as an assistant a specialist in physical train ing, who will have" charge of the games and other exercises prescribed. Among the duties of the Health Officer will be the following: To give a physical examination to all women students at the beginning of each year; to prescribe for each the type and amount of exercise that should be taken; to receive at regular intervals reports from each as to her exercise and physical condition; to give instruction in hygiene to the entering class; to give sanitary inspection to lodging houses; to examine into cases of illness in the dormitory and lodging houses; to co operate with the Women's Athletic Association in providing tennis, ba£ket ball, hockey, aesthetic dances, skating, etc. The department possesses corrective apparatus, and physically defective women students are required to take, under supervision, suitable corrective exercises. Indoor physical training for women in large classes, which has been elective during the past year, is discontinued until adequate floor space, dressing rooms, and baths can be provided. The same expenditure of money will be made and as great care will be exercised as heretofore, but along different lines. It is believed that care for all the women students in the manner proposed will be better than care for part of them in the inadequate quarters at their disposal in the past.

PHYSICS

JOHN ZELENY, Ph.D., Professor, Head of Department of Physics / 15 Physics Building ANTHONY ZELENY, Ph.D., Professor 20 Physics Building HENRY E. ERIKSON, Ph.D., Assistant Professor· 18 Physics Building ALOIS F. KOVARIK, Ph.D., Assistant Professor 18 Physics Building Lours W. McKEEHAN, Ph.D., Instructor 19 Physics Building PHYSICS 119

RUFUS C. SHELLENBARGER, M.A., Instructor 19 Phy~ics Building JAMES C. SANDERSON, Ph.D., Instructor 32 Physics Building PAUL E. KLOPSTEG, B.S., Assistant

For a Minor, twelve credits. For a Major, eighteen credits, not including Courses 1, 2, 3, and 4, together with reinforcing subjects (thirty credits) selected from Math ematics, Mechanics, Astronomy, advanced modern languages, and additional Physics. For B. A. with Distinction, the general requirements (page 36) and Courses 5, 6, 7, and 8, and twelve credits in other courses open to juniors and seniors, together with Mathematics 8 and 9, work being pursued in the department during the senior year. For a Teacher's Certificate, Courses 5, 6, 7, 8, and 22, and six credits in Chemistry. . Students should begin the study of Physics with Course 5. Courses 1 and 3 are elementary in character and do not prepare the student for other courses in the department except Courses 2, 4, 11, and 22.

COURSES

No. Title Semester Credits Offered to Prereq. courses 1. Gen. Physics.•.••...... • 1 3 Soph., Jr., Sr. Math. 4 or 2 2. Gen. Lab. Practice...•...... 1 t Soph.• Jr.• Sr. See statement 3. Gen. Physics.•...... 2 3 Soph., Jr.• Sr. 1 4. Gen. Lab. Practice . 2 1 Soph., Jr.• Sr. See statement 5. Mechanics of Solids and Fluids . 1 4 Soph.• Jr., Sr. Math. 4 or 2 6. Heat, Magnebsm. and Electro- statIcs.....•.•...... _. 2 4 Soph.• Jr., Sr. 5 7. Electrokinetics . 1 4 Jr., Sr. 6 8. Sound and Light . 2 4 Jr., Sr. 5 9, Advanced Electrical Measure- ments...... •...... 2 2 Jr., Sr. 7 10. PhYSIcal Manip. and Lab. Tech- nique . I 3 Jr., Sr. 5and 6 11. MechaOlcs...... •...... • 1,2 6 Jr., Sr. 1 and 3, or 5 and 6, and Math. 8 and 9 12. Adv. Physical Measurements . lor 2 3 Jr., Sr., Grad. 5 and 6 13. Adv. Physical Mesaurements . lor 2 6 Jr.• Sr., Grad. 5 and 6 14. Advanced Optics . 2 3 Grad. 8 and Math. 8 and 9 15. Elect. Meas. of Precision . 1 3 Sr.• Grad. 9 16. Radioactivity . 1 3 Sr.• Grad. 5,6,7 and 8 17. Adv. Phys. Measurements . lor 2 3 Sr.• Grad. 5,6,7 and 8 18. Adv. Phys. Measurements.•.... lor 2 6 Sr., Grad. 5,6,7 and 8 19. Kinetic Theory of Gases . 2 3 Sr., Grad. 5 and 6 and Math. 8 and 9 20. Discharge of Elect. through Gases . 3 Grad. 6 and 7 and Math. 8 and 9 21. Math. Theory of Electricity and Magnetism . 3 Grad. 6 and 7 and Math. 8 and 9 22. Teachers' Course . 2 Sr. 1-4 or 5-8 inel 120 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

1. General Physics Messrs. ANTHONY ZELENY and SANDERSON Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to sopho mores, juniors, and seniors who have completed Mathematics 4 or 2; may be taken separately or in conjunction with Course 2. Mechanics of solids and fluids, heat and sound. The first partof an elementary course for those who do not intend to pursue the subject longer than one year; experimental rather than mathematical; the fundamental pnnciples. One experimental lecture and two reci tations each week.

2. General Laboratory Practice Messrs. ERIKSON and SANDERSON One credit (two hours per week); first semester. Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors who have completed or are taking Course 1. Physical measurements in the mechanics of sollds and f1nids, and in heat and sound, giving the student a knowledge of experimental methods.

3. General Physics Messrs. ANTHONY ZELENY and SANDERSON Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors who have completed Course 1; may be taken separately or in conjunction with Course 4. Light. electricity, and magnetism. The second part of the elementary course; the treatment experimental; the fundamental principles, including those of radIoactivity, ioniza tion. X radIation, and the electrical constitution of matter. One experimental lectun. and two recitations each week.

4. General Laboratory Practice Messrs. ERIKSON and SANDERSON One credit (two hours per week); second semester. Open to sopho mores, juniors, and seniors who have completed or are taking Course 3. Physical measurementa in light, electricity and magnetism, givmg the student a knowledge of experimental methods.

5. Mechanics of Solids and Fluids Messrs. KOVARIK and SHELLENBARGER Four credits (four hours per week); first semester. Open to sopho mores, juniors, and seniors who have completed Mathematics 4 or 2 (Trigonometry). A thorough drill in thp elementary pnnciples of mechanics; numerous simple prob lems to illustrate the principles; laboratory work In the last half of the semester only. The first part of a general course. contInued in Courses 6, 7, and 8.

6. Heat, Magnetism, and Electrostatics Messrs. KOVARIK and SHELLENBARGER Four credits (one lecture, two recitations and two hours laboratory); second semester. Open to those who have completed Course 5. The fundamental pnnciples, mainly from the experimental SIde; thp me&$urement of the most important quantIties involved; lectures to illustrate the various phenomena studied.

7. Electrokinetics Messrs. JOHN ZELENY, SHELLENBARGER and ASST. Four credits (one lecture, two recitations and two hours laboratory); first semester. Open to those who have completed Course 6. The phenomena accompanying the passage of electncity through sollds, liqUIds. and gases; the various laws which govern such dIscharges; the basic principles of Electrical Engineering; a brief study of ionization, the X-mys. raclioactlvity, electric waves, and wire· less telegraphy; measurements of the various e1eLtnc,,1 quantIties. PHYSICS 121

8. Sound and Light Messrs. JOHN ZELENY, ERIKSON, SHELLEN- BARGER and ASST. Four credits (one lecture, two recitations and two hours laboratory); second semester. Open to those who have completed Course 5. Wave motion and the vanous phenomer.a of sound and light; lectures. illustrate,1 with experiments showing the v?r,ous effec'" studied; laboratory work to aid the student to a better inSIght into some of the rolations.

9. Advanced Electrical Measurements Mr. ANTHONY ZELENY and ASST. Two credits (four hours per week) i second semester. Open to those who have completed Course 7. Devoted mainly to the study and ·me.l.Surements of capacity. inductance, and mag netic induction.

10. Physical Manipulation and Laboratory Technique Mr. JOHN ZELENY Three credits (six hours per week) i first semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Courses 5 and 6. Especially useful to those who intend to teach the science or to specialize in it. The . essentIal physical manipulations (such as the cleamng and distilling of mercury, soldering. glass blowing, glass cutting, glass grindmg, making of quartz fibers. etc.), the use of some instruments of precision (such as the cathetometer, tbe dividing engine. the balance, mercury air pumps and gauges, etc.).

11. Mechanics Mr. ERIKSON Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Courses 1 and 3, or 5 and 6 and Mathe matics 8 and 9 (Calculus). Some problems in mechanics which are essential for advanced physics and chemistry .

12. Advanced Physical Measurements Mr. JOHN ZELENY Three credits (six hours per week); first or second semester. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students who have completed Courses 5 and 6. Individual work in the laboratory on topics specially chosen to serve best the needs and capacity of each student; intended to introduce him to some of the more intricate physi cal measurements and to teach him self-reliance.

13. Advanced Physical Measurements Mr. JOHN ZELENY Six credits (twelve hours per week); first or second semester. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students who have completed Courses 5 and 6. The same as Course 12 except that twice as much time is devoted to the subject.

14. Advanced Optics Mr. KOVARIK Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to graduate students who have completed Course 8 and Mathematics 8 and 9 (Calculus). The important optical phenomena.

15. Electrical Measurements of Precision Mr. ANTHONY ZELENY Three credits (six hours per week); first semester. Open to seniors who have completed Course 9. 122 SCIEN.CE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

For electrical engineering and scientific students who desire to specialize in electncal work of the highest precision. Chiefly expl.'rimental and Includes the foUowing: Making of standard cells; ~.alibration of Wheatstone boa bridge; adjustment of resistances. ammeters, and voltmeters: use of the potentiometer in measurements of highest precision; experi mental problems involving capacity, inductance, and magnetic flux; measurement of tem peratures by electrical method....

16, Radioactivity Mr. KOVARIK Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to seniors and graduate students who have completed Course 5, 6, 7, and 8. Lectures. experimental and descriptive; the various theories and methods of inves· tigation.

17. Advanced Physical Measurements Mr. JOHN ZELENY Three credits (six hours per week); first or second semester. Open to seniors and graduate students who have completed Courses 5, 6, 7, and 8. The) experimental study of some physical phenomena, the nature or laws of which' are not yet understood.

18. Advanced Physical Measurements Mr. JOHN ZELENY Six credits (twelve hours per week); first or second semester. Open to seniors and graduate students who have completed Courses 5, 6, 7, and 8. The same' as Course 17, except that twice as much time is devoted to the subject.

19. The Kinetic Theory of Gases Mr. ERIKSON Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to graduate students who have completed Courses 5 and 6, and Mathematics 8 and 9 (Calculus). A study of Meyer's Kittelic Theory-of Gases.

20. Discharge of Electricity through Gases Mr. JOHN ZELENY Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to grad uate students who have comI!leted Courses 6 and 7, and Mathematics 8 and 9 (Calculus). • Lectures, with experimental illustrations. on the condl1ction of electricity through gases: the conductiVIty imparted to gases by the action of X-rays, ultra-violet light, radio active substances, and glowing metals; the discharge of electricity from points and in vacuum tubes; the spark and arc discharges: the methods of measuring the velocity of the ions and the charges carried by them.

21. The Mathematical Theory of Electricity and Magnetism Mr. ANTHONY ZELENY Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to grad uate students who have completed Courses 6 and 7, and Mathematics 8 and 9 (Calculus). The study of J. J. Thomson's Ble_IIIs of the MalhemtJlical Thtf1ry of Blect,icilyarcd Magnetism. RHETORIC AND PUBLIC SPEAKING 123

22. Teachers' Course Mr. ANTHONY ZELENY One credit (one hour per week); second semester. Open to seniors who have completed Courses 1 to 4 or 5 to 8 inclusive. Meth~ds of presentation and the selection of lecture and laboratory experiments.

RHETORIC AND PUBLIC SPEAKING JOSEPH M. THOMAS, Ph.D., Professor, Head of Department of Rhetoric and Public Speaking 310 Folwell Hall *ADA L. COMSTOCK, M.A., Professor 313 Folwell Hall MARGARET SWEENEY, Ph.D., Professor 313 Folwell Hall FRANK M. RARIG, M.A., Assistant Professor 309 Folwell Hall EDWARD A. COOK, l;J.L., Assistant Professor 314 Folwell Hall HENRY A. BELLOWS, Ph.D., Assistant Professor 314 Folwell Hall DANIEL FORD, M.A., Assistant Professor 304~ Folwell Hall CHARLES W. NICHOLS, M.A., Assistant Professor 410 Folwell Hall WILFORD O. CLURE, B.A., LL.B., Instructor 312 Folwell Hall HALDOR GISLASON, B.A., LL.B., Instructor 309 Folwell Hall CHARLES E. SKINNER, M.A., Instructor 304~ Folwell Hall WARREN T. POWELL, M.A., Instructor 410 Folwell Hall ANNA H. PHELAN, Ph.D., Instructor 313 Folwell Hall HELEN A. WHITNEY, M.A., Instructor 312 Folwell Hall REQUIREMENTS OF THE DEPARTMENT For a Minor, twelve credits, including Course 2a or 2b, in addition to Course 1. For a Major, eighteen credits, including Course 2a or 2b, in addition to Course 1, together with reinforcing subjects (thirty credits) selected from English, Philology, Philosophy, Latin, Greek, advanced modern language, History, the social sciences, and additional Rhetoric and Puhlic Speaking. For B.A., with Distinction, the general requirements (page 36) and six credits in the department in addition to the requirements for a major; with the provision that the thirty credits from reinforcing subjects shall include a minor in English. For a Teacher's Certificate in English, either a'major in English and a minor in Rhetoric, or a major in Rhetoric and a minor in English, with an average grade of good in all the work. HONORS IN PUBLIC SPEAKING Students who have won honors in debate or oratory, if the depart ment deems them worthy, may receive honorable mention on the Com mencement program. To be eligible for such distinction students must (1) have represented their class in the freshman-sophomore debate, or won a place in the freshman-sophomore oratorical contest; (2) have taken part in an inter-society debate; (3) have represented the University in an inter-collegiate debate, or have won a place in the Pillsbury oratorical contest. *Resigned June. 1912. 124 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

COURSES

No. Title Semester Credtts Offered to Prereq. courses 1. Composition and Rhetoric...... I, 2 . 6 Fresh. None 2a. Exposition, Descnp., Narration 1,2 6 Soph., Jr., Sr. 1 2b. Exposition and Argument..... 1,2 6 Soph.. Jr., Sr. 1 3. Advanced Rhetoric...... I, 2 6 Jr., Sr. 1 and 2 5. Analysis of Prose...... 1 3 Jr., Sr. 1 and 2 6. Short·Story Writing...... 2 3 Jr.• Sr. 1 and 2 7. Essay Writing...... 1,2 6 Jr.• Sr. f and 2 9. Seminar in Rhetoric...... 1,2 4 Sr., Grad. Statement 10. Seminar in Composition...... I, 2 4 Sr., Grad. Statement IS. English for Engineers...... 1,2 8 Fresh. Eng. None 20. Public Speaking...... I, 2 6 Soph.. Jr.• Sr. 1 21. Interpretative ReadIng...... I, 2 6 Jr., Sr. 1 and 20 22. Argumentation and Debate. .. I, 2 6 Jr., Sr. 1 and 20 23. Oratorical Composition...... I, 2 6 Jr., Sr. 1 and 20 24. Advanced Debate...... I J Statement Statement

RHETORIC 1. Composition and Rhetoric Messrs, THOMAS, COOK, BELLOWS, FORD, CLURE, PERCIVAL, and POWELL, Miss SWEENEY, Mrs. PHE LAN, and Miss WHITNEY Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Required of freshmen. Practical training in the art of wnting, study of the principles of structure. and analysis of specimens of good prose.

2a. Exposition, Description, and Narration. Messrs. THOMAS, COOK, CLURE, and PERCIVAL, Mrs. PHELAN, and Miss WHITNEY Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Course 1. Students who take both 2a and 2b will receive credit for only one. In the first semester the analysis of specimens of exposttion; short themes and fort nightly essays, WIth empha.,s on careful planning and amplification. Inthe second semester. the same general plan applied to description and narratlOn.

2b. Exposition and Argument. Messrs. BELLOWS and FORD Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Course 1. Students who take both 2a and 2b will receive credit for only one. In the first semester, exposition; the second semester, argument. The study of a text.and the analysis of specimens, accompanied by weekly essays and shorter themes.

3. Advanced Rhetoric Mr. FORD Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Courses 1 and 2. Structure and style. theoretically and practically considered; the oral presentation of topics. In the compo8ltion work the student is allowed to Ielect Ins own subjects and m"thods of treatment.

5. Analysis of .Prose Mr. THOMAS Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Courses 1 and 2. RHETORIC AND PUBLIC SPEAKING 125

The principles of structure. dtction. and style, which underlie the work of leading English writers; applicatlOn of these principles in both imitative and original compositions.

6. Short-Story Writing Mr. THOMAS Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have shown exceptional proficiency in Course 2a. AnalytIcal studies in the technique of the short story, accompanied by constructive work in story writing.

7. Essay Writing Mr. COOK Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Courses 1 and 2. Practice in the writing of such forms of the essay as the didactic, the btographical, the cnticlll, the informal; opportumty for extended compositIOn. About three essays a semester written. Individual aid given to the student in the gathering of material, the planning of each paper, and the criticism of each essay. Analysis of a consIderable body of modern essays.

9. Seminar in Rhetoric Mr. THOMAS Four credits (two hours per week); both semesters. Open to seniors and graduate students who have completed Courses 1 and 2 and at least one other course. For those who are specializing in Rhetoric and Composition. Lectures, reports, and theses on special problems of rhetorical theory.

10. Seminar in Composition Mr. THOMAS Four credits (two hours per week); both semesters. For a limited number of advanced students who write with facility, and who desire personal critiCIsm an" direction. Cnticlsm of manuscripts submitted for inspection, with lectures upon the fundamental principles of English composItion.

15. English for Engineers Messrs. NICHOLS and POWELL Eight credits (four hours per week); both semesters. In the College of Engineering.

PUBLIC SPEAKING

20. A General Course in Public Speaking Messrs. RARIG and GISLASON Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have had Rhetoric 1. The fundamentals of effective speaking: study and practice of the principles of breathing, voice-production, enunciation, and action: dehvery of extracts from the works of well-known writers and speakers: the principles underlying the making of the sPeech applied in both oral and written compositions.

21. Interpretative Reading Mr. RARIG Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have had Rhetoric 1 and 20. Aims to develop intelligent, suggestive, sympathetic reading. The text used is Shakespeare's'plays.

22. Argumentation and Debate Mr. GISLASON Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have had Rhetoric 1 and 20. 126 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

The science of argumentation and the art of debate: the processes of reasoning and their application to written and spoken arJlUment: argumentative writlDgs analyzed and briefed; illustrative debates, including the Lincoln-Douglas debates, ~arefully studied: practical exercises in debate and forensics.

23. Oratorical Composition Mr. RARIG Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have had Rhetoric 1 and 20. The distinctive characteristics of oratorical style; analysis of the masterpieces of representative orators and application of the principles of style thus discovered in original orations.

24. Inter-Collegiate Debate and Oratory Messrs. GISLASON and RARIG Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to those awarded places on the inter-collegiate debating squad. .The question for inter-collegiate debate studied and briefed,. and frequent practice debates held.

ROMANCE LANGUAGES

CHARLES W. BENTON. Litt.D., Professor, Head of Department of Romance Languages 200 Folwell Hall CHARLES M. ANDRIST, M.L., Professor 228 Folwell Hall JULES T. FRELIN, B.A., Assistant Professor 228 Folwell Hall ·EMMA BERTIN, Assistant Professor 223 Folwell Hall CARL M. MELOM, M.A., Instructor 225 Folwell Hall LUTHER WOOD PARKER, M.A., Instructor. RUTH SHEPARD PHELPS, M.A., Instructor 223 Folwell Hall RENE M. DELAMARE, B.L., Instructor HYME LOSSE, B.A., Assistant

For a Minor, in French, twelve credits, not including Course 1. Fora Major, in French, Courses 2 or 3,5, and 7, together with rein forcing subjects (thirty credits) selected from Philology, Latin, Italian, Spanish, English, Greek, German, advanced Scandinavian, Philosophy, History, and additional French; in Spanish, eighteen credits, together with reinforcing subjects (thirty credits) selected from French, Philol ogy, Latin, Italian, English, Greek, advanced German, advanced Scandi navian, and History. For B.A. with Distinction (in French only), the general requirements page (36) and Courses 8 and 9 in addition to the requirements for a major. For a Teacher's Certificate, an average of at least good in Courses 2 vr 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8.

• Until June, 1Q 12. ROMANCE LANGUAGES 127

COURSES

No. . T,tle Semester Credits Offered to Prereq. courses 1. Beginning French...... 1. 2 10t* All None 2. Intermediate French...... • .... 1. 2 6* Soph., Jr., Sr. 1 3. Adv. French Gr. and Comp..... I, 2 6* All Two years 4. Elem. French Conversation. . .. I, 2 4* Soph., Jr., Sr. See statement 5. Classic French Literature...... I, 2 6* Sopb., Jr., Sr. 2 or 3 6. Adv. French Conversation..... 1,2 4* Soph., Jr.• Sr. 2 or 3, and 5 7. French Lit. of 19th Cent...... I, 2 6* Soph., Jr., Sr. 2 or 3, and 5 8. Teachers' Course...... I, 2 2* Jr., Sr. 5 9. Romance PhIlology...... 1,2 2* Jr., Sr. 5 10. Beginning Italian. .••• ...... I, 2 6* Sopb., Jr., Sr. 11. Beginning Spanish " 1,2 10* Soph., Jr.• Sr. 12. Elem. Spanish Conversation.... 1,2 4 Jr., Sr. 11 13. Intermediate Spanish...... I, 2 6* Sopb., Jr.• Sr. 11 14. Adv. Spanish.. ,...... • I, 2 6* Jr., Sr. 11 and 13 15. Old French...... 1,2 Grad. 16. Hist. of French Literature. . ...• 1. 2 Grad. 17. Italian Literature...... I, 2 2* Jr., Sr.• Grad. 10

*Both semesters must be completed before credit i. given for the first semester. tJuniors and seniors receive only hal! credit.

1. Beginning French Messrs. ANDRIST, FRELIN, and PARKER, Miss PHELPS, and Mr. LOSSE Ten credits (five hours per week); both semesters. Open to all, but juniors and seniors receive only half credit. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. Not credited toward a minor in French. French grammar and reader: modern texts.

2. Intermediate French Messrs. ANDRIST, FRELIN, and PARKER, and Mr. LOSSE Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to sopho mores, juniors, and seniors who have completed Course 1. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. Prose composition; modern texts, including some of the works of Coppee. Merimee. Daudet. Scribe, 'I aI.

3. Advanced French Grammar and Composition Mr. FRELIN, Miss PHELPS, and Mr. DELAMARE Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to all who enter the University with two years of French. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. French grammar: readings from modern authors, including selections from Coppee. FeUlllet. and Daudet. .

4. Elementary French Conversation Messrs. ANDRIST and FRELIN Four credits (two hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed or who are taking Course 2 or 3. Both semer. ters must be completed before credit is given for the first semp-ster. Conversatior. based on modern French life. 128 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

5. The Classical Period of French Literature Messrs. BENTON, ANDRIST, • and FRELIN Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Course 2 or 3. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. . The reading of works and selections produced during the classical period of French literature and conversationg in French concerning the SlLme. The work. of Corneille. Racine. Moliere. La Fontaine. et tJl. CompoSItions.

6. Advanced Frt'nch ConversatIOn MI'. BENTOS Four credits (two hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Course 2 or 3. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. Conversations on French history. litetature. the drama. etc.

7. French Literature ofthe Nineteenth Century Mr. BENTON Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Course 2 or 3, and Course 5. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. Lectures in French on the history of modern literature. Select works of some of the authors read and discussed. Compositions and _ys.

8. Teachers' Course in FrenCb Mr. BENTO." Two credits (one hour per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Course 5. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. Special practice in pronunciation. Discussion in French of methods of teaching the French language and literature.

9. Romance Philology Mr. BENTON Two credits (one hour per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Course 5. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. Lectures on the phonetical development of the French and other Romance languages from popular Latin. Reading of Old French texts.

10. Beginning Italian Miss PHELPS Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to sopho mores, juniors, and seniors. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester.

11. Beginning Spanish Mr. MELOM Ten credits (five hours per week); both semesters. Open to sopho mores, juniors. and seniors. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester.

12. Elementary Spanish Conversation Mr. MELOM Four credits (two hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Course 11. SCANDINA VIAN 129

13. Intermediate Spanish Mr. MELOM Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Course 11. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester.

14. Advanced Spanish Mr. MELOM Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Course 11 and 13. Both semesters must be com pleted before credit is given for the first semester. Lectures and collateral readinll!l of representative Spanish authors.

15. Romance Languages: Old French Mr. BENTON Two hours per week; both semesters. Open to graduate students; othpr arrangements may be ascertained upon application to the depart ment. Comparative phonetIcs and grammar of French and other Romance languages. Some of the oldest monuments of the French languages are studied and the phonetic changes compared with mod""n French and English. Special attention is given to the period when French words came into the Enghsh language.

16. History of French Literature Mr. BENTON One hour per week; both semesters. Open to graduate students; both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. .A discussIOn of the evolution of the various schools and doctrines in French literature'

17. Italian Literature Miss PHELPS Two credits (one hour per week); both semesters. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students who have completed Course 10. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. History of Italian Literature; special. The Difli"e Comedy.

SCANDINAVIAN

GrsLE BOTHNE, M.A., Professor, Head of Department of Scandinavian Languages 218 Folwell Hall ANDREW A. STOMBERG, M.S., Professor 217 Folwell Hall

For a Minor, twelve credits, not including Courses 1 and 3. For a Major, eighteen credits, not including Courses 1 and 3, together with reinforcing subjects (thirty credits) selected from Philology, advanced German, Anglo-Saxon and Old English, Latin, Greek, advanced English, and additional Scandinavian. For B.A. with Distinction, the general requirements (page 36) and one year of Scandinavian in addition to what is required for a major. 130 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

COURSES

No. T,tle Semester Credits Offered to Prereq. courses I. Elementary Norwegian...... I, 2 10*1' All None 2. Advanced Norwegian.... . •. ... I, 2 6* Soph., Jr., Sr. 1 3. Elementary Swedish...... 1,2 10*1' All None 4. Advanced Swedish...... I, 2 6* Soph., Jr., Sr. 3 5. Old Norse (Icelandic)...... I, 2 4 Jr., Sr., Grad. 1 & 2, or 3 & 4 6. Modem Norwegtan Literature.. 1,2 6* Jr., Sr., Grad. I and 2 7. Swedish Literature. ....• ...... I, 2 6* Jr., Sr., Grad. 3 and 4 8. Henrik Ibsen...... 2 2 Jr., Sr., Grad. 6 9. History of Northern Europe. .. I, 2 6 Jr., Sr., Grad. See statement 10. Early Norwegtan Literature. . .. 1 2 Jr., Sr., Grad. (; 11. Mod. Danish Literature...... 1,2 2 Jr., Sr., Grad. 1 & 2, or 3 & 4 12. Swedish Lang. and Literature. • Grad. 1 & 2, or 3 & 4 13. Hist. Scand. Lang...... 1,2 2 Grad. 5 14. Advanced Old Norse...... 1,2 4 Grad. 5 15. Stnndl>f'T!l...... •.•...... •. , 1 2 Sr., Grad. 3, 4, and 7 .Both semesters must be completed before credit is gtven for the first semester. tJl1Diors and seniors rec~ive only half credit. 1. Elementary Norwegian Mr. BOTHNE Ten credits (five hours per week); both semesters. Open to all, but juniors and seniors receive only half credit. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. Elementary study of the languag~, grammar. cOmpO.,tlon, se'ect readmg in easy prose and poetry. 2. Advanced Norwegian Mr. BOTHNE Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Course 1 and to others with the permission of the department. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. Grammar, composition, conversation, elementary hlstorv of literature, and select works of modern authors. 3. Elementary Swedish Mr. STOMBERG Ten credits (five hours per week); both semesters. Open to all, but juniors and seniors receive only half credit. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. Grammar and compositioD; select readIng iq easy prose and verse. 4. Advanced Swedish Mr. STOMBERG Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to those who have completed Course 3 and to others with the permission of the instructor. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. Ptrst sem~ster: Grammar, composition, and conversatIOn. Prose texts will be read. Second semester: A.'l elementary study of the literature of Swede... and reading of Tegner's Frilhie!. StUd. 5. Old Norse (Icelandic) Mr. BOTHNE Four credits (two hours per week); both semesters. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students who have completed Courses 1 and 2, or 3 and 4. Grammar and rea.iin!l. C""m/J..gs 5/Jf/J Or"$I""~" SCANDINA VIAN 131

6. Modern Norwegian Literature Mr. BOTHNE Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students who have completed Courses 1 and 2. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. History of Norwegian hterature from 1814 to the present day. 7. Swedish Literature Mr. STOMBERG Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students who have completed Courses 3 and 4. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. History of SwedIsh literature from 1719 to the present time, History of the litera ture and study of modem authors, including Selma Lagerlof, Geijerstam, Strindberg. 8. Ibsen Mr. BOTHNE Two credits (two hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students who have completed Course 6. Lectures, reading, and interpretlltion. 9. History of Northern Europe Mr. STOMBERG Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students who have completed Course 1 or 3 or the equivalent, or Course 1, 2, or 3 in History. History of the ScandinaVIan countries from the earli""t period to recent times. First semester: The archaeology of the Scandinavian countries and the Viking expeditions and settlements, Second semester: Sweden's role as a leading power of Europe in the sixteenth and se\'enteenth centunes, pohtica1 and admimstrative changes in Denmark, the growth of nationality in Norway. 10. Early Norwegian Literature Mr. BOTHNE Two credits (two hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduat~ students who have completed Course 6. Selected sagas, Norwegian and Danish folk-songs, Holberg, Wessel. 11. Modern Danish Literature Mr. BOTHNE Two credits (two hours per week); second semester. Opln to juniors, seniors, and graduate students who have completed Courses 1 and 2, or 3 and 4. From Oehlenschlaeger to the present time. 15. Strindberg Mr. STOMBERG Two credits (two hours per week); first semester. Open to seniors and graduate students who have completed Courses 3, 4, and 7. Lectures, reading, and interpretation.

FOR GRADUATES

12. Modern Swedish Language and Literature Mr. STOMBERG Four credits (two hours per week); both semesters. Open to graduate students who have completed Courses 1 and 2, or 3 and 4. This course is based upon Schuck and Warburg's Illustrated Svensle Luteratur Mstoria, and includes a study of special authors. 132 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

13. History of the Scandinavian Languages Mr. BOTBNE Two credits (one hour per week); both semesters. Open to graduate students who have completed Course 5. 14. Old Norse (advanced course); The Elder Edda Mr. BOTBNE Four credits (two hours -per week); both semesters. OpE'n to graduate students who have completed Course 5. For courses in Scandinavian Philology, see statement of the Depart .ment of Comparative Philology. SOCIOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY SAMUEL G. SMITH, Ph.D., LL.D., Professor, Head of Department of Sociology and Anthropology 14 Folwell Hall ALBERT ERNEST JENKS, Ph.D., Professor 13 Folwell Hall SAMUEL N. REEP, Ph.D., Assistant ProfeEsor 13 Folwell Hall

GENERAL LECTURES IN SOCIOLOGY President Vincent wi11lecture to the students in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology from time to time during the year on Social Theories and Methods of Investigation.

REQUIREMENTS OF THE DEPARTMENT For a Minor, twelve credits. For a Major, eighteen credits, together with reinforcing subjects, (thirty credits) selected from Animal Biology, Economics and Politics, Geology, History, Psychology, and additional Sociology and Anthropology. For B. A. with Distinction, the general requirements (page 36) and six credits in addition to the requirements for a major, with the provision that six credits shall be from advanced courses and one course shall be accom panied by individual work under the special direction of the department. For Recommendation for Teacher's Certificate, an average of at least good in four courses, one of which must be Course 2. For Recommendation for Social Work, an average of at least good in not less than four courses, two of which must be Courses 4 and 14. The statement of prerequisites for courses in Sociology and Anthro pology as given below will not become effective until September, 1913, in cases where they differ from those given in the Bulletin for 1911-12.

COURSES

No. TItle Semester Credits Offered to Prereq. COurses Inl'odu,lory Cou,s..: 1. Descriptive Sociology . lor 2 3 Soph., Jr•• Sr. None 2. Elements of Sociology . lor 2 3 Soph.• Jr.• Sr. None 3. Cultut'e Anthropology " .. 1 3 Jr.• Sr. None Gener"l Co..,ses: 4. Social Pathology .. 1 3 Jr., Sr. lor 2 S. Social Groups . 2 3 Jr.• Sr. lor 2 SOCIOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY 133

No. Title Semester Credits Offered to Prereq. courses 6. Ethnology...... 2 3 Jr., Sr. 1 7. Institutions...... 1 3 Jr., Sr. lor 2 8. Social Psychology...... 1 3 Jr., Sr. 20r Gen. Psychology Advanced Courses: 9. Social Theory . 2 3 Jr., Sr.. Grad. See statement 10. Biblical Sociology . 1 3 Jr., Sr., Grad. lor 2, and 4 11. Philippine People . 2 3 Jr., Sr., Grad. See statement 12. Physical Anthropology . 2 3 Jr., Sr., Grad. See statement 13. American Negro...... •...... 2 3 Jr., Sr., Grad. See statement 14. American People . 1 3 Jr., Sr., Grad. See staLement 15. American People (Cont.) . 2 3 Jr., Sr., Grad. 14 16. Modem Social Inst,tutions . l 3 Jr., Sr., Grad. See statement 17. Soc,al EvolutIOn . 2 3 Jr., Sr., Grad. See statement 111. Seminar . 1 3 Sr., Grad. Four co·ordina· teet courses for seniors INTRODUCTORY COURSES

1. Descriptive Sociology Mr. JENKS Three credits (three hours per week); each semester. Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. Concrete data concerning human association, showlOg groups of peoples living in the four grades of culture called savagery, barbarism, civilizatIOn, and enlightenment; the activities and institutions natural and peculiar to the several groups studied. Text-book, lectures, and assigned readings.

2. Elements of Sociology Mr. REEP Three credits (three hours per week); each semester. Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. To give a general knowledge of the field of modem socIOlogy, for such speCIal s')Cio logical investigations as students may wish to make. Text-book, lectures, assigned readings

3. Culture Anthropology Mr. JENKS Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors. An elementary course. The essential charactenstics of mankind and t~e general features of the several races of men; the origin and development of the series of activities and various institutions which have had their beginnings in primitive society. Text-books, iectures, ass,gned read,ngs, and thesis.

GENERAL COURSES

4. Social Pathology Mr. SMITH Three crellits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 1 or 2. Charit,es and corrections, deahng especially With problems of poverty, crime, insanity, and social degeneration; a discussion of the child problem and methods of social amelioratIOn.

5. Social Groups Mr. REEP Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 1 or 2. An examination of the clan and the village in primitive nfe, a study of demography to discover the effect of environment upon social organization. and a comparison with the nature of and reasons for the modem cIty. 134 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

6. Ethnology Mr. JENKS Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course l. The different races of men natural to America, Europe, ASIa. Africa, and Oceania; the various historical cJ.....ification. of men into races; the causes of the ori¢n and distribu tion of several races and 'subraces; the future developm ent of races; ethno]oRtc,,1 problems. Text-book".. lectures, assigned readings, and thesis.

7. The Study of Instit~tions Mr. SMITH Three credits (three hours per week): first semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course 1 or 2. The genesis of custom and the begtnnings of law with the geographical and race influence in the growth of states will 'be st\!died as well as the vanou. forms of the family and their relation to forms of civtlization.

8. Social Psychology Mr. REEP Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students who have completed Course 2 or General Psychology. The SOCIal mind, public opinion, impulsive and rational SOCIal actIon, fashion. con· \'ention and custom, the mob and the crowd; an examination of the theories of Giddings. Tarde, Baldwin. Ross and McDougall.

ADVANCED COURSES

9. Social Theory Mr. REEP Three credits (three hours per week): second semester. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students who have completed Course 2 or 8, and one other course. A study of the foundations of sociology. A study of the leading American, English, Frcnch, and German writers to discover their methods of approach to the scIence and the leading results they have secured.

10. Biblical Sociology Mr. SMITH Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students who have completed Course 1 or 2, and 4. The development of Hebrew instItutIOns. especially the church. the {!DUly, anl the state; a comparison of similar institutions among people of like condition of culture; the effect upon Israel of the geography of Palestine; an account of its contact with other peoples; and the development of its religious ideas.

11. The Philippine People Mr. JENKS Three credits. (three hours per week): second semester. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students who have completed Course 1 or 2, and one other course. The geography, .natural resources, and ethnology of the Philippine Islands; compar ative study of the four large ethmc and culture groups of people; tropical influences; the present policy of the Insular Civil Government so far as it tends to moJify the natural charactertstics and modem culture of the Inhabitants. and to effect American hom~ interests to the Orient. Lectures. illustrated lectures. assigned readmgB, and thesis. SOCIOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY 135

12. Physical Anthropology Mr. JENKS Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students who have completed Course 7 or Course 1 in Animal Biology, and one other course in the department. The physical variations In the human body, with special attention to those variations which distinguish one race or group of men from another; the cause and llignificance of such variations; the physical evolution of the human body and forecast of Its future. Six lectures on the development and anatomy of the human brain are given by Dr. Charles A. Erdmann. of the Medical Faculty. This course's of prime importance to advanced students prepar ing for the medical course. Text-book, lectures, laboratory work, a&signed readings, and thesis.

13. The American Negro Mr. JENKS Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open tJ juniors, seniors, and graduate students who have completed Course 1 or 2, and one other course. The negro's Afncan tnbal kinsmen, and the rise and development of the American negro race from the birth of Amencan slavery; the present characteristics, traits, and con ditions of the negro; the developing tendenCies and the probable future of the American negro race. Text-book, lectures, assigned readmgs, and thesis.

14. The American People Mr. JENKS Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students who have completed Course 1 or 2, and one other course. The distributiOn in the United States of the different peoples of the world found here; the natural genius of the peculiar home development of these peoples, and the modifications of this development in America; the dominant physICal. mental, moral, and cultural charac teristics of each people, and their relative importance to the nation. Text-book, lectures, assigned readings, and thCSls.

15. The American People (Continued) Mr. JENKS Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students who have credit for Course 14. A continuatlOn of Course 14. The facts and forces of amalgamation and ·assimila tion in America; essential and unique historical Americanisms and their value and •virihty for the future; America's ethnic oroblems. Lectures, assigned ~ad1Dgs, and thesis.

16. Modern Social Institutions Mr. REEP Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students who have completed Course 1 or 2, and one other course. The f,.-damentaJ social institution, the famdy, aod the development of modern indus trial, politic, educational, and ecclesiastical institutlOns 10 their relation to human progress.

17. Social Evolution Mr. REEP Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students who have completed Course 1 or 2, and one other course. Evolution in Its relation to SOCial progress; the factors which compose a standard of social progress; the direction of social progress. The comparative study of the different standards and rational sanctions by which social progress may be determined. 136 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

18. Seminar in Sociology and Anthropology Messrs. SMITH, JENKS, and REEP Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to seniors, having twelve hours of correlated work, and to graduate students. An advanced course of method and independent research. STUDENTS

GRADUATE STUDENTS

The names of graduate students taking courses listed in this Bulletin will be found in the Bulletin of the Graduate School.

SENIORS-260

Aldrich, Irma, Fairmont Conley, Alva A., Cannon Falls Aldworth, Harold R., Rochester Connelly, John R., Savage Allen, Nellie, Red Wing Crary, Josephine S., Minneapolis Ames, Georgiana, Minneapolis Current, Edith, New Ulm Amundson, Mark H., Alexandria Dahl, Borghild M., Minneapolis Anderson, Alice E., Minneapolis Davis, Grace 0., Minneapolis Anderson, Carolyn M., Smith Mill De La BarthI', Suzanne, St. Paul AndersOn, N. Philip, St. Paul DenneeD, Marie B., New Richmond, Wis. Appleby, Curtis W., Minneapolis Doherty, Fayette C., Tracy Babcock, Marjorie R., Winnipeg, Man. Door, Blanche E., Mankato Bailie, Earle C., Minneapolis Door, Lester A., Mankato Baird, Edna E., Graceville Dorn, Helena, Minneapolis Barber, Marty B., Minneapolis Dowdall, Augustus, S.. Jr., Mir,neapolis Beehler, Irma A., Minneapolis Downing, Harold L.• Minneapolis Berg, David E., Minneapolis Drechsler, Alice F., St. Paul Bibb, Frank L., Minneapolis Dunlap, Alpha J., Mandan, N. D. Bingenheimer, Margaret, Mandan, N, D. Dwyer, Mary A., Minneapolis Bjeldanes, M. Augusta, Madison Ebel, Gertrude, Minneapolis Blegen, Theodore C., Minneapolis Edgerly, Hattie, Minneapolis Bonniwell, Donna, Minneapolis Egan. John K., St. Paul Borst, Homer W., Minneapolis Emerson, Hazel, Minneapolis Bowman, Clementine, Minneapolis Engle, Eloise C., Minneapolis Branham, Alice, Minneapolis Erickson, Victor L., Cloquet Brechet, Bertha M., Minneapolis Everts, Carolyn L., Minneapolis Breen, Genevieve R., Minneapolis Fabian, John H .. Campbell Broderick, Thomas M., Minneapolis Faegre, A. Leonard, Minneapolis Brossard, Frances M., Farmington Fl1k, Anna M., Biscay Brown, Caroline 0., Minneapolis Fitzsimmons, Helena, Minneapolis Brown, Vesta R., Minneapolis Fleming, Geraldine F., Brainerd Buckley, Catherine F., Farmington Flinn, Irma L., Minneapolis Burns, Mary L., St. Paul Forrer, Minnie, Minneapolis Bush, Leila M., Dover Francis, Llewllyn H., Creswell, Ore. Cammack, Gertrude E., St. Paul Franklin, Nathaniel, Minneapolis Campbell, Lowell M., Minneapolis Frazer, W. Marc, Lyle Carr, Edna M., St. Paul Freeman, Neda B., Minneapolis Casey, Nellie, St. Paul Freeman, Theodore W., Minneapolis Cater, E. Grace, St. Cloud Frisch, Leonard H., Minneapolis Chalfant, Hallie, Minneapolis Gamble, George H., Rochester Chapin, George G., St. Paul Ganssle, Grace TN., Minneapolis Chilton, Alice N., Howard Lake Ghostley, George F.. Rogers Chrischilles, Theodore H., Algona, Iowa Gillam, Stanley S., Windom Christ, Lydia B., Minneapolis Gould, Della F., Glencoe Cirkel, Florence A., Minneapolis Griffin, Elsie H., Brooklyn, N. Y. Clifford, C. May, West Concord Gude, Therese M.. Duluth Clifford, Ralph E.• Mmneapolis Guthrie, Geraldine, Blooming Prairie Colgrove, Laura M., Minneapolis Guy, Ann E., Minneapolis ' Collins, Elsie M., Crookston Hadler, J. Jacob, Ada Collins, H. Harrison, Minneapolis Halgren, John' A" Waseca ------~ ------

138 SC'JENCE, LIrERATURE. AND THE ARTS

Harroun. Mary G.• Minneapolis Matteson. Pearl, Summit. S. D. Hartig, Hugo J. A. J .. Minneapolis Mattson. Gustav J .• Renville Hartman. Laura J., Minneapolis Meili. Irma, St. Paul Harwood, Laura B., Minneapolis Menefee, Guy C.• Albert Lea Hastings. Ellen M., Elk River Miller. Eva S.• Long Prairie Haugen, Nina S.• Pelican Rapids Miller. Lucille C., Minneapolis Heilig. Charles A.• Milaca Morell. Clifford F .• Verndale Hendrickson. Gilbert. Christine. N. D. Morris. Mary. Minneapolis Hermansen, Hermina, Wahpeton. N. D. Morse, Willard A.• Minneapolis Hilyer, Gale P., Minneapolis Myers. Thomas. St. Paul Hixon. Charles S.• Minneapolis Neely. Ora A:. Bemidji Hobe. Ragnhild. Bald Eagle Lake Nehls. Marie Christ. Minneapolis Hodge. Edwin T .• Minneapolis Nelson. Eleanor V.• Mora Hoff. Borghild A., Duluth Ney, B. Irene. Minneapolis Holden. Cora B.• Minneapolis Nichols. Flora A., Minneapolis Holzschuh. Alma. Minneapolis Nicholsop, Kathleen. Minneapolis Hotchkiss, Robert W.. Minneapolis Northey. Beatrice. Minneapolis Hugunin. Hester B.• St. Paul Nye. Katherine A.• Minneapolis Humphrey. Kittie, Minneapolis Oberg. Laura A.• Minneapolis Hutchinson. Emmajean. Faribault O'Brien. Julia 1.. Brainerd Jesness. Ingwold G., Fosston Odell. Corinne V.• Minneapolis Jewett, Helen E., Minneapolis Odland. Henry. Hurley. S. D. Johnson, Anne M.• Minneapolis Olson. Florence G.• St. Paul J ones. Gladys. Cedar Falls, Iowa Ostergren, Ralph C.• Gladstone King. William, Chippewa Falls. Wis, Paine. Ruth M., Glencoe King. Zerah P.• Minneapolis Parsons. Nina L.• St. Paul Kiplinger. Carl T., Freeport. Ill. Paulsen, Walter H .• Pipestone Kjerland. Gratia R., Minneapolis Payne, Catharine B.. Minneapolis Kneebone. Rubina. Chisholm Pellatt. Amy R. A.• Minneapolis Kvitrud. Gilbert. Minneapolis Pendergast, Bernice B.. Bemidji Lamb. Frances, Moorhead Petersen. Laura M.• Minneapolis Lane. Eva E., Minneapolis Peterson. Harry T.• Mora Larson. Hattie L.• Minneapolis Phillips, Charles. Minneapolis Larson. Nettie, Ivanhoe Phillips. Mellie R .• Minneapolis Leavenworth, Richard 0 .• Minneapolis Piemeisel. Robert L.• Jordan Leonard. Alice. Minneapolis Pierson. Teckla. Minneapolis Leonard. F. Perry, Minneapolis Plummer. Winnie A., Mmneapolis Leonard, Faith. Minneapolis Powers. Harry W.. St. Paul Leonard, Gladys, Minneapolis Prisk, Ethel. Ely Lillehei. T. August. Minneapolis Ramstad. Otto. Thief River FaUs Lindem. Zelma M.• Herman Ray, Philip L.• Minneapolis Linton. Hildur T .• Minneapolis Reely, M. Katharine. Hopkins Littel, Josephine T .• Minneapolis Rogers, Helen L., Faribault Loberg. Nellie M.• Minneapolis Rude, Emil, Tarsus, N. D. Loyhed, Lois D .• Faribault Russell, Jean. Minneapolis Lyon, Marion E .• Minneapolis Ryan. Clara M.• Freeport. III. McBean, Alan J., Minneapolis Rypins, Stanley I .• St. Paul MacCallum, Marion S., Minneapolis Sawanobori, George T .• Minneapolis McCawley. Anna K .• Stillwater Sawyer. Eldreth L., Minneapolis McCulloch. Hazel. Minneapolis Saxton, Florence. Minneapolis MacEwen, Nora H .• St. Paul Schons, Wilhelmina. St. Paul McHale, William J., Preston Schroeder, John H., Minneapolis McHugh. M. Helen. Goodhue Schroeder, Mayme F., Perham McKeon. Joseph 0 .• Montgomery Scully, Helen L., Stillwater McMahon, Lynnferd L.• Fergus Falls Sears. Lester M., Minneapolis MacMu11an, Rita D.• Minneapolis Sefton, Beatrice, St. Paul Magelssen. Solveig M., Minneapolis Simpson, Charles D.. West Concord Major, Laura L.• Minneapolis Sinclair, Gregg M., Minneapolis Marks. Edna A., Minneapolts Slade. Verna M., Minneapolis Mason, Adelaide E .• Minneapolis Sohlberg, Olaf I. A., St. Paul I STUDENTS 139 i Soloway, Saul S., Minneapolis Turnquist, Myrtle, Minneapolis Sommermeyer, Louise W., Minneapolis Utne, Theodore 0., Dalton Spaulding, Marjorie, Minneapolis Vaaler, Christopher L., Spring Grove Stafford, Russell H., Minneapolis Vander Hiden, Alice, St. Paul Staples, Alice M., St. Paul Vaughan, Catherine, Minneapolis Starr, Elizabeth, Excelsior Viesselman, Percival W., Minneapolis Stellwagen, Grace, 'Minneapolis Walker, James C., Jr., Minneapolis Stemm, Martha 0 .. Robbinsdale Warmington, Leone, Dubuque, Iowa Stokes, Ralph S., St. Paul Welch, 'Nellie L., St. Paul Stone, Harold W., Caldwell, Idaho Wellman, Leslie H., Monona, Iowa Stratte, Joseph J., Dawson West, Elizabeth C., Minneapolis Sumner, Louise M., St. Paul West, Walter M., Minneapolis Sutton, George E., Prior Lake Wheeler, Henrietta M., St. Paul Sutton, Harris R., Prior Lake Wilk, Harry, Eveleth Swanman, Ira C., Minneapolis Will, Tillie, Minneapolis Swanson, Stedy R., Minneapolis Williams, Elizabeth, Minneapolis Terry, Florence M., Minneapolis Willius, Frederick A., St. Paul Thompson, Edith B., Houston Wold, Karl C., St. Paul Thomson, Margaret M., Minneapolis Woodward, Floyd 0., Minneapolis Tollefson, Dagna J., Rochester Wright, Florence M., St. Cloud Trezona, Edith M., Ely Wyckoff, George S., Worthington Tschida, Katherine A., St. Paul Zellar, Enza A., St. Paul

JUNIORS-318

Ahern, Hazel I., Minneapolis Bussey, Luella, Minneapolis Allen, Olive, Minneapolis Byrnes, Martica, Minneapolis Ames, Bertha J., St. Paul Park Camp, Evalyn A., Minneapolis Anderson, Edward D., Minneapolis Carlson, Lilly E., Stillwater Anderson, Margaret, Minneapolis Caster, Ehsabeth J., Minneapolis Anderson, William, Minneapolis Cates, Helen M., Minneapolis Andrews, Rose M., St. Paul Chamberlain, Ralph, Minneapolis Armstrong, Anna E., Smith Lake Chapman, V. Dorothy, Minneapoli. Armstrong, E. Leslie, Minneapolis Chase, Virginia M., Minneapolis Armstrong, Joseph J., St. Paul Cheney, Marie, Minneapolis Armstrong, Mabel A., Minneapolis Christensen, Dagmar. Foreston Bakalyar, Stephen A., Lakefield Christenson, Mabel C., Minneapolis Baker, James H., Jr., Mankato Clarke, Gladys R., Stillwater Baker, Virginia L., Brownton Coffin, Lela, St. Paul Bank, Harry E., Minneapolis Cole, Mary A., Faribault Baumgartner, Elsie A., Dubuque, Iowa Condit, Ralph G., Rock Elm, Wis. Bell, Dorothy I., Minneapolis Cook, Robert C., Langford, S. D. Berge, Mabel H., Minneapolis Cowin, Carl C., Adrian Bishop, Elda B., Minneapolis Crolius, Hazel M., Minneapolis Bliss, Corinne, Minneapolis Curry, Vernie I., Minneapolis Bolstad, Sigvard, Dawson Curtis, Doris C., St. Paul Borgman, Melville B., Minneapolis Danek, Otto L., Glencoe Borreson, Baldwin, Davenport, N. D. Davis, Constance E., St. Paul Boss, Leigh C.. Minneapolis Davis, Esther, Minneapolis Bowing, Stacy A., St. Cloud Davis, Marjorie, Duluth Brandt, Hazel M., Minneapolis Davis, Lloyd T., Akeley Brecke, Oscar A., Minneapolis Dawson, Bertha L., Minneapolis Brekke, John A., Wallace, S. D. Doermann, Henry J., St. Paul Brown, Doris, Minneapolis Donaldson, Jessie L., Minneapolis Brown, Dorothy W., Minneapolis Dunn, James N., Mmneapolis Brown, Marion H., St. Paul Dwan, John C., Two Harbors Brown, Ray A., Minneapolis Dyer. Lilian A., Two Harbors Bryant, Mary L., St. Paul Edgar, Mary W., Minneapolis Burgstahler, Herbert J., Minneapolis Egan, Florence A., Minneapolis Burtness, Ruby, Enderhn N. D. Eilertsen, Marion K., Minneapolis 140 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

Elliott, Edwin E., Minneapolis Holm, George A., Minneapolis Emery, Frances J., Fargo, N. D. Hovda, Henry 0., Mt. Vernon, S. D. Enches, Eugenia W., Minneapolis Hughes, Elizabeth, New Richmond, Wis. Enches, Helen G., Minneapolis Humpfner, Hilda P., Minneapolis Erdall, Arthur C., Minneapolis Hutchinson, Charles J., Minneapolis Erie, Angela H., Kinbrae Jackson, Edith R., Alden Fagerstrom, Lawrence F., Minneapolis Jaques, Lawrence, Duluth' Farnam, Laura M., Minneapolis Jenswold, John D., Duluth Fee, Marion P., Duluth Johnson, Ada F., Benson Ferguson, Anne, Minneapolis Johnson, Agnes F., Albert Lea Finney, Bertha A., Minneapolis Johnson, Chester W., Lyle Fletcher, Margaret N., Minneapolis Johnson, Florence A., Renville Forbes, Erma A., Minneapolis Johnson, Florence I., Minneapolis Ford, Florence E., Minneapolis Johnson, Irene B.. Minneapolis Franzen, Lillie J., St. Paul Johnson, Nelle F., Oskaloosa, Iowa Fuglesteen, Dora. Jackson Johnson, Reuben A., Minneapolis Fuller, Harrison. St. Paul Jones, Carl F., Minneapolis Gardner, Frances E., Minneapolis Jones, Cecil M., Frazee Gibson, Dorothy G., Great Falls, Mont. Jones, Louise I., Minneapolis Gilbert, Donald D., Monona, Iowa Jules, Carla H., Minneapolis Gilman, Louise, Minneapolis . Karpen, John P., Hastings Ginsberg, William, St. Paul Keller, Grover J .. St. Paul Glaessner, Fredericke, Minneapolis Kernan, James W., Two Harbors Grant, Vera E., Cloquet King, Mary E.. Ellendale, N. D. Graupman, Lillian E., St. Paul Koehler, Earl S., Winona Greaves, Miriam C., Glencoe Kolars, Mary B., Le Sueur Center Greeley, Nellie, Stillwater Kreis, Foster H., Minneapohs Greer, Margaret R., Minneapolis Lajord, Carrie, Minneapolis Green, Everett E., Le Sueur Lambert, Howard T., Minneapohs Griep, John B., Glencoe Lansing, Alice, Iowa Falls, Iowa Griswold, Frances E., Minneapolis Larsen, Roy W., Crookston Guinn, Rose S.. Duluth Larson, Carl A., Echo Gulstine, Edna M., Madison, S. D. Laurell, Jonas J., Minneapolis Gunderson, Walter B., Minneapolis Lauritzen, Lucia M., Fergus li'alls Gustafson, Carl W., Chisago City Lee, Colice M., Rush City Habberstad, May, Hutchinson Lee, Henry 0., Manksto Hamill, Ruth E., Minneapolis Lemstrom, Ammy B., Minneapolis Hannaway, Dorothy M., Brainerd Linnell, Ethel C., Minneapolis Hansen, Harold M., Minneapolis Linstrom, Hjalmar A., Castlewood, S. D. Hansen, Erling W., Minneapolis Loken, Carrie 0., Minneapolis Hansen, Theodore L., Albert Lea Loken, Lawrence J. G., Minneapolis Hanson, Ruth, Minneapolis Lovdahl, Mabel V., Crosby Harp, Stella K., St. Paul Lynch, Bessie, Staples Harrison, Helen, Minneapolis McAdams, Georgia J .. Minneapolis Harrington, Zeta R., Stillwater McCanna, Mable, Minneapolis Harsha, Muriel K., Minneapolis McElroy, Mary K., Minneapolis Harvey, Sydne E., Rochester McFarland, Arthur H., St. Paul Haskell, Abe, Minneapolis McGee, Katharine F., St. Paul Haugen, Albert I .. Elbow Lake McGilvra, Eunice, Milaca Hedding, Lucinda A., Minneapolis McGowan, Louise H., Janesville, Wis. Helmey, Marcia, Sioux Falls, S. D. McKelvey, Estelle, Rock Rapids, Iowa Herber, Jessie A., Minneapolis McNally, Miles H., New Richmond, Wis. Hewitt, Marjorie, Minneapolis McPherson, Sadie J., Aberdeen, S. D. Hill, Dianah M., Minneapolis Mach, Frank B., New Prague Hillesheim, Gertrude, Sleepy Eye Mahoney, Dan L., Virginia Hirsch, Stella M., St. Paul Maney, Charles A., Minneapolis Hockenberger, Franc C., Kenosha, Wis. Marcus, Mae, Minneapolis Hodson, Wl1Iiam W., Minneapolis Marshall, Ruth E., Minneapolis Holbrook, Franklin F., Minneapolis Martin, Kate K., Minneapolis Holtan, Marie A., Kenyon Martin, Ruth, Minneapolis STUDENTS 14

Martinson, Carl J., Stillwater Rehnke, Clinton A., Kenyon Mears, Henrietta, Minneapolis Rhodes, Mary E., Minneapolis Medberry, M. Mildred, Dexter Rice, Freda M., Park Rapids Mellem, Lulu E., St. Paul Rice, Jerome J., Minneapolis Miller, Ray H., Big Stone City, S. D. Rickard, Marion, Minneapolis Moe, Nellie A., Strandburg, S. D. Roberts, Earle, Oskaloosa, Iowa Mohl, Ruth, St. Paul Roberts, Edward B., Minneapolis Molumby, Loy J., Elkader, Iowa Roberts, Lyle J., Omaha, Neb. Morgan, Cornelia E., Minneapolis Robinson, Charles A., Missouri Valley, Ia. Mortland, Marjorie A., Minneapolis Robinson, Charles J., Minneapolis Moss, Gladys, Minneapolis Robinson, G. Virginia, Montevideo Muckley, Augustina, Minneapolis Roskilly, Gerald C., Virginia Murphy, Frank G., Mapleton, N. D. Rowe, Marjorie, St. James Mylenbusch, Elva E., Minneapolis Rutledge, Jeannette W., Minneapolis Nachtrieb, Margaret, Minneapolis Sands, Grayce E., Minneapolis Nass, Thomas, Kyoto, Japan Schaller, Josephine M., Hastings Nelson, Carmen R., Maple Plain Schaller, Marion E., Hastings Nelson, Carroll F. E., Granite Falls Schow, Jennie E., Minneapolis Nelson, John H., Minneapolis Schroeder, Herman W., Minneapolis Nichols, H. Adelaide, Estherville, Iowa Selleseth, Ivoi' F., Glenwood Nissen, Dagny E., Minneapolis Shaughnessey, Clark D., St. Paul Nissen, Sophus B., Winona Shiely, Albert R., St. Paul Noice, Russell R., Minneapolis Sinclair, Mary B., Fairmont Nordbergh, Ruth, Minneapolis Smaltz, Alfred G., Minneapolis Norelius, Edna M., Luverne Smith, Carl W., St. Paul Nutter, Bernice K., St. Peter Smith, Lee W., Wabasha O'Connell, Aurelia M., St. Paul Stadig, Erick, Minneapolis O'Dea, Aurelia, St. Paul Staska, Joe, Angus Odegard, Nettie E., Mmneapolis Steinke, William M., Sleepy Eye Olson, Oscar B., Litchfield Stockwell, Charlotte, Minneapolis Orbeck, Anders J .. Eau Claire, Wis. Strong, Hazel M., St. Paul Oswald, Helen, Perham Strehlow, Lillian S., Casselton, N. D. Owen, D. Spencer, Minneapolis Swanson, Gertrude T., Minneapolis Parker, Erwin C., Browns Valley Swearingen, Nina M., Fairmont Parker, Florence E., Minneapolis Sweatt, Harold W., Minneapolis Partridge, Jessie R., Owatonna Swedberg, Hulda C., Luverne Peavey, Roger, Faribault Swenson, Alma M., Minneapolis Peterson, Alvin A., Mora Swift, Vivian J., St. Paul Peterson, Evelyn M., Minneapolis Swift, Winifred C.. Minneapolis Peterson, Harold R., Minneapolis Swinburne, Adelaide, Minneapolis Phipps, Dencie E., Minneapolis Tennant, Gertrude E., Fergus Falls Piatt, Elizabeth A., Minneapolis Thielman, Adelaide, St. Cloud Plant, Dorothy B., St. Paul Thompson, Lydia D., St. Peter Poole, Bertha D., St. Paul Trautman, Lucille 1., Winthrop Pratt, Maud M., Pipestone Trieloff, Harriet L., Carver Pressnell, Myrna C., Duluth Tunell, Winifred A., Minneapolis Prest, Marion, St. Paul Vaughan, M. Bernard, St. Paul Preston, Gertrude, Minneapolis Veblen, Rolf, Minneapolis Preston, Paul J., Luverne Villars, Horace S., Minneapolis Pyke, Emily L., Minneapolis Wagner, Archibald F., Minneapolis Quayle, Mellie D., Minneapolis Walker, Arthur W., St. Croix Falls, Wis. Quinn, Thomas F., St. Paul Walker, Keith M.. Moorhead Raine, Nellie I., Minneapolis Wanless, Luceille I., Minneapolis Ramsey, Florence, Minneapolis Ward, Percy A., Zumbrota Rand, Florence, Minneapolis Warner, Harry A., Minneapolis Randall, Arthur, Robbinsdale Watts, Anna M., Crookston Rasmussen, Peter L., St. Paul Webster, Arlene, Waucoma, Iowa Reed, Leslie E., St. Paul Weida, Lucille E., Caledonia Reed, Wilma L., Minneapolis West, David R., Minneapolis Rehfeld, Herbert G., Browns Valley Williamson, Ralph, Minneapolis 142 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

Willson. Marguerite Po, Minneapolis Woolsey. Edith. Minneapolis Wind. Anna C.• Lake Benton Wright, Barbara H., Minneapolis Winterer. Franceska. Valley City, N. D. Zanger, Julia. Minneapolis Wood. Pearl E .• Minneapolis Zelle. Edgar F .• New Ulm

SOPHOMORES-487

Ackerman. Joseph W.• Minneapolis Boyle. C. Lawrence. Duluth Acomb. Helen L., Minneapolis Boyson. Sadie B.• Minneapolis Ahlers, Harriet H .• St. Cloud Brawthen, Florence M.• Minneapolis ....Ainsworth, George R., Moline. Ill. ~riggs. Douglas E .• Minneapolis Aitoq. Elizabeth. Minneapolis Broberg. Agnes A., Blue Earth " Aker. Emil. Minneapolis -1'Jfoberg, Gail R., Blue Earth Allen, Hazel. Duluth Brockway. Clara E., Royalton Allison. Marguerite H., Minneapolis Brodeen. Elfie. Stillwater Aim. Oscar E .• Winthrop Brosius, Rudolph F.• Minneapolis ,/Altman, Harry L.• Duluth --Buckbee, Margaret M.• Minneapolis . Anderholm. Fritz J., Hibbing. ~!lueh1er. J. Edwin, Minneapolis' ·Anderson. Edna 0 .• Alexandria Bulen, Ruth. Minneapolis _Anderson. Ruth M., Litchfield Bullis, Elmer R .• Sandstone Armstrong, Agnes M., Minneapolis Burg. E. Lloyd. Duluth ·1\.sh. Ruth. Des Moines. Iowa Bush. Ada. Duluth Aune. Charlotte. M.• Dawson Ayers. Ruth. M., Minneapolis ./Babcock, Lucile, Minneapolis ""tlyrnes, William A., Minneapolis Babcock, Willoughby M., Jr.• Minneapolis Cadwell. Nellie M.• Minneapolis Baker. Morris T.• Minneapolis Cady. Laurence H .• Minneapolis Bancroft. George V.• Stillwater Cammack. Edward A.• St. Paul ;Barke. Ralph J .• Fergus Falls Camp. L. Hester. Minneapolis ;Barker, Helen Coo Minneapolis Campbell, D. Ross. Cloquet Barnes. Beulah. Minneapolis Capps. Leah M.• Minneapolis ,,' Barnard, Charles D.• Spencer. Iowa Carlson. Lawrence M.• Renville /Barnhart. Eleanor J., Minneapolis Cartwright. William H .• Minneapolis Barrett. Claire M.• Minneapolis Castner. Minnie E .• Minneapolis ,/ Barrett. E. Blois. Browns Valley Catherine (Jennings). Sister, St. Paul Beck, Martha F., Hutchinson Cayott, Franklyn Eoo Stewart Beckman. Ruth V., Minneapolis Chaffee. Harry P.• Carrington. N. D. Beebe. Viola Poo New Richmond, Wis. Chaplin, Edith L.• St. Paul Belknap, Lawrence, Minneapolis /Chapman, Royal N.• Minneapolis , Bell. John W.• Minneapolis ..chesnut. Mae P .• Minneapolis ....·Bell. Leslie J .• Minneapolis /Childs. George H., Minneapolis Bennett, Helen L., Minneapolis Clark. Carolyn M.• Minneapolis r Bennett, Le Moyne B., Aberdeen, S. D. .,clemens. Louise M.• Minneapolis Bensen, J. Arthur. St. Cloud Colter, Alice M.• St. Paul Benson, Eva, Appleton Conner, Marian Roo Minneapolis Bergan, Laura, Sacred Heart Conners. Grace E .• Chippewa Falls. W" Berkey, Martha S., Valley City, N. D. Connolly, Carl T .• Devils Lake, N. D Berry. Alice L.• Minneapolis Cooper. Walter W., Minneapolis ;13inet. Henry E .• Bovey Cords. Elmer H .• Elkader. Iowa Birkeland. Martha B.• Houston Corkrey. Margaret 0., Minneapolis .... Bisbee. Ardelia R., Madelia Cox. Lydia G.• Cloquet Blanchette. George E., Anoka ~raig. Florence M.• Minneapolis Blase, Susan A.• St. Paul /Cramer, Isabel M. J .• Minneapolis Blodgett. Geneva. Minneapolis Crawford, Matthew D .• Minneapolis "Blumenfeld, Albert. South St. Paul Crilly. Hale L.• Minneapolis Bohen, Florence M., Minneapolis Crounse. Robert M.• Minneapolis ,.Borom. Mildred L.• Minneapolis ...Culligan, Anna. St. Paul .Boutell. Francis L., Sauk Centre Currie. Paul M., Minneapolis Boyce. Ruth L.• Hopkins --'Curry. Ethel A., Minneapolis Boyle. Bess M.• Rush City Curtis, Vera A.. Valley, Neb. STUDENTS 143

Cuzner, Hazel, Minneapolis Hall, Sophia, Minneapolis Dahlberg, Edwin T., Minneapolis Halvorson, Walter, Mora , Dampier, Edith Co, St. Paul Hamblin, Ethel. Minneapolis Daniels, j. Horton, Minneapolis ...Hamblin, Gladys M., Minneapolis Davis, Dorothy, Duluth Handy, Edna L., Minneapolis Davis, Eleanor, Winona Hankey, Elsie, Minneapolis ,Day, Pearl M., Farmington Hansen. Ivan 0., Churchs Ferry, N. D. Dollenmayer, Dorothy E., Minneapolis Harbo, Harold E., Minneapolis Domeier, Albert L., Sleepy Eye -HaITis, Abraham I., Minneapolis Donohue, Florence M., St. Paul Harri~on, Gladys A., Minneapolis .,A)onohue, Grace M., St. Paul Hauenstein, Harold A., St. Paul Drew, Helen L.. St. Paul Haugen, Lauritz G., Northwood. Iowa -r"unn, Harold F., Weeping Water, Neb. Haugen, Wilbur C.. Pelican Rapids Dunn, Marshall L., Minneapolis --Hawkins, Vincent j .• Jr., St. Paul Duxbury, Alta, St. Paul Heighstedt, Effie D., Minneapolis Eastman, Elma L., Minneapolis Heinemann, Margaret E.. St. Paul Eggar, Kathleen E., St. Paul -Hendrickson, Clara, Willmar ".Bggen, Ethel, Fargo, N. D. Hickman, John H .. Jr., St. Paul ~Eichhorn, Myrtle H., Minneapolis Hicks, Celia V.. Grand Marais Elwell, Elizabeth, Minneapolis Hicks, George M., Thief River Falls Elwell, Ruth, Minneapolis ..Higbie, Everett C., Minneapolis Erickson, Alice F., Minneapolis _Hilger, Robert, St. Paul Erickson, Florence A. M., St. Paul Hodapp, Henry G.. Minneapolis Erixon, Agnes 0., Anoka Hodgins, Earl, Chippewa Falls, Wis. Evans, Charles G.. Duluth Hoovel, Velma C., jackson Evans, Grace, Minneapolis l"''Hopperstad, Edith L., Minneapolis Evans, Mary, Minneapolis Hosken, Mary E., Minneapolis Fillebrown, Arthur K.. St. Paul Howard, Ethel T., Wells Fitzpatrick. Julia A.• Rochester Hubbell, Nellie M., St. Paul Park Flinders, Arthur C., Sutherland, Iowa -1'l:ubman, Sophia A., Stillwater Ford, Nina M., Hutchinson .-Huff, Susie, Minneapolis Franzen, Signe M., St. Paul Hughes, Walter J., Minneapolis -Frenzel, Frank M., St. Paul Hultkrans, Hilding E., Minneapolis Frisch, Jeanette F., Minneapolis - Hunter, Vivian S., St. Paul Gallagher, Bernard J., Waseca Hurley, Harriet G., Bovey Gamble, J. William, Rochester . Hutchinson, Margaret, Minneapolis Gates, Leo V., Elgin Hyland, Julia G., Minneapolis Gilbert, Alcetta, Minneapolis Ives, Clifford A., Minneapolis , Gilbert, Dorothy A., Minneapolis .' Iverson, Louis. Badger -'Gilroy, Earl W., Minneapolis Jacobs, Agnes, Forest City, Iowa Gilroy, Francis R. o Minneapolis James, Linda, St. Paul Gipson, Corwin E., Minneapolis jerdee, Theodore R.. Minneapolis Glessner, Lillian H., Minneapolis John, Meta A., Minneapolis Glynn, James R., Maple Lake Johnson, C. Marie, St. Paul Goggin, John G., Rochester Johnson, Carolyn A., St. Faul Goldberg, Florence R.. Minneapolis Johnson, Herman F .• Minneapolis Gonska, Clara, Duluth Johnson, Josephine, Sioux City, Iowa Goode, Delmer M., South Haven Johnson. Ralph E., Duluth -Goodwyn, Gwendoline, Minneapolis Johnson, Ruth A., Minneapolis .....coss, H. Leroy, Minneapolis Johnson, Ruth F.. Casselton, N. D. Gray, Edna R., Minneapolis ~ohnston, Marie, Minneapolis ..Griffin, Angela, St. Paul ,- Johnstone, Esther V., Minneapolis Griffith, Genevieve, Minneapolis Juel, Cora A., Canton, S. D. Griggs, Stella M., Minneapolis ,Keeler, Florence A., Minneapolis Grimm, Bessie A., Ashland, Wis. Kelehan, Charles M., Granite Falls --Grinager, Ada J., Minneapolis Kelly, Margaret H., St. Paul Groth, H. Genevieve, Minneapolis JKelly, Maud, Minneapolis -....Gunderson, H. Spurgeon, Kenyon Kelly, Winifred I., Minneapolis Hagen, Cora, Minneapolis Kennedy, Dorothy L., St. Paul ~Hall. Levi M., Minneapolis ,)'ennedy, Walter J., St. ,Paul 144 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

,r Kennicott, Kenneth B.• Luverne McQuaid. Edward 5.• Minneapolis Kesson. Bessie E., Byron --UcQuilkin. Margaret, Minneapolis Kimball. Eva R., Minneapolis ~adsen. Edwin C., Minneapolis King, Stafford. Deer River ...... Martin, Louis W., Hector King, Owen, Minneapolis ,Maxwell. Georgia, Faribault Kirlin, Leota, Watertown, S. D. Mayer, Roland G. L.• New Ulm Klein, George F .• Minneapolis ~Meland. Marie. Red Wing ,Klima, William W.• Silver Lake ~Me1in. E. Eleanor. Minneapolis .;..Klingen. Oscar M.. Minneapolis Mellem, Ethel M., St. Paul Knowlton. Helen, Minneapolis Melody. Margaret A.• Minneapolis Knowlton. Ruth, Minneapolis Mendowitz. Hymen Z.• Minneapolis Kopplin. Celia J .. Litchfield ...--- Methven, Theron G.• Minneapolis ,~Kranz, Irene 0 .• Holstein. Iowa r Meyer, Helen B•• Minneapolis Krauch. Elsa P., St. Paul Miller, Arthur B.• Heron Lake Kulberg, Gertrude, Minneapolis Miller. Isalinda H., Minneapllis Kunzi'l, Hazel E., Minneapolis Miner. Viola F.• Minneapolis Kurvinen. Florence H.. Ely Mitchell, Norman 5.• St. Paul Ladd, Valeria G., Minneapolis Mis., Marjorie, Minneapolis Lampert. Leonard. Minneapolis Monroe, Nettie D., Minneapolis Lang. Walter B.• St. Paul ,/Moore. Allen L.• Minneapolis ,,- Langtry. Mildred M., Minneapolis Moore, Gertrude, St. Paul La Plant. Ruth E., Anoka Morrill, Lowell L.• Minneapolis Larson, Clara A., Minneapolis Morrison, Harold E., Minneapolis Lawrence. Alice. Winthrop Moyer, Glenn D •• Minneapolis Leahy, Alice, Minneapolis ...... Moynihan. Estelle M.• Minneapolis r Le Borious. Mabel, St. Paul Park Munson. Arthur E., Minneapolis /' Leck. Grace M., Minneapolis Nash. Caryl D., Tracy Lein. Charles R .. Duluth Nelson, Arthur P .• Minneapolis Leland. Catherine, Minneapolis ~elson. Imogene C., Minneapolis Lembke, Carl, Neche, N. D. "Nesbitt, Hazel, Alexandria Levin. Oscar 5., Hoffman Neustadt, Jean R .• La Salle, Ill. /Lewis, Addison, Minneapolis Nippert. Lilian E .• Minneapolis /Lewis. Florence H" Minneapolis r'Noll. Alfred J .• Big Stone City, S. D. Lindeman. Prances, Minneapolis Nootnagel. Edith, Minneapolis Little, Mary L.• Appleton "Noreen. Harold A•• Minneapolis /Lloyd. Margaret. Mankato Oberg. Orrelle B., St. Cloud /Loomis. Mildred. Owatonna O'Brien, Gerald R .• St. Paul Lord, Eleanor. St. Paul O'Connor, Myrtle. Granite Palls ~ Lovgren, Nat, Red Wing p'Gordon, Clarence. Minneapolis Lous., Mats C., Taconite Olsen, Edwin R .• Stillwater ., ,/ Lowell, Prances E., Minneapolis ~redalen. Julia. Kenyon Ludwig. Edith M., Minneapolis ;Osbeck. Charles, Lake Benton .../Luehrs, Leslie, Pipestone Owen. F. Mae, Minneapolis Lund, Boleta M.• Vining Owens, Laura ~.• North St. Paul . Lydon, May H .• Minneapolis Pagenhart, Elsie N., Rochester t-yman. Blanche E., Minneapolis Pardee, Esther M., Minneapolis Lynch. Margaret C•• St. Paul Partington. Florence. Minneapolis Lyon. Dwight E .• Verdigre. Neb. Partington, A. Lorraine. Minneapolis McAimon. George. Minneapolis ~atchin. Sydney A.• Rochester McCabe, Jessie, Duluth Pattee. Gladys, Minneapolis McCarthy. Genevieve M.• Coleraine Patten, Harold W., Minneapolis McCord. Russell D., Minneapolis Paulson. Clotilde E .• Minneapolis McDonald. Ruth A.• Annandale Paulson, Emma. Two Harbors MacDonald. Veronica, Stillwater Paulson, Henry T.. Minneapolis McEwan, John J •• Alexandria _,)'aulson, Myrtle N.. Minneapolis McGee. John P., St. Paul ",Peachey. Arline M.• Minneapolis McGee, Marguerite E., Minneapolis Pearson. Albert E., St. Paul ....McGuire. Herman. Minneapolis Pecor, Barbara, Duluth McLane. Genevieve M.• Minneapolis Pender, Nellie M.• St. Paul McLeod. Howard L.• White Bear Perry. Hazel F.. Minneapolis STUDENTS 145

Peterson. Edna F .• Red Wing Siems. Will P .• Swanville Peterson. Effie E .. Minneapolis .Simmons, Emily R .• Minneapolis Pfiffner. Myrtle. Inver Grove ~ Sinclair. Lucien D .• Minneapolis Phillips. Jessie g .• Minneapolis ,smedberg. Katherine F., Minneapolis Phipps. Marion M.• St. Paul Smith. Harlan M., Minneapolis Plummer. Maude. Eau Claire. Wis. Smith. Lucile. Minneapolis Pomeroy. Donald L .• Minneapolis Smitb. Mildred M .• Carrington. N. D. Porter. Robert E .• Fairmont .Snodgrass. Thomas J., Minneapolis Potts. Alta M.. St. Paul Solem. Oscar M.• Minneapolis Pratt. C. Harlow, Minneapolis Sommers. Ned F .• Annandale Prindle. Gertrude, Minneapolis ...speier. Vera, Minneapolis Pritchard. Elizabeth. Minneapolis "spencer. Cassie R.• Park Rapids ..../·Oualee. Jeanette G., Adams Stadsvold, Francis H .• Fosston Quigley, Jo Evelyn, Bird Island Starrett. Mark L., Minneapolis Raadquist, C. Simon, Warren Steadman. Marja B.. Livingston, Mont. "'1ladabaugh, Rudolph C., Zumbro Falls Stein, Emma B.• Minneapolis -1l:alke. Carl H .• Excelsior Stellwagen, Seiforde M.• Minneapolis fRaymond. Elizabeth, Minneapolis .)Stevens. Willimina C.. Minneapolis Reeck, Edwin B., Waseca /Stevens. Marion R.• Minneapolis Reid, Roberta. Minneapolis ) Stone. Mary S., Minneapolis Richardson. Edward W., Hawkins. Wis. Stoner, Harry L., Lake Park _Richardson, Mildred M., Fairmont Stoner. Matie E .. Lake Park _ Ricker, Donald H .• Minneapolis ~torlie. Carl J .• Lanesboro Ringstrom. Hugo. Sunrise Strand, Alma, Minneapolis .... Ritter, Herbert L.• Little Falls Sturtevant, R. Ardelle. Minneapolis Rivet. Sarah T.,Jdinneapolis Sullivan. Joseph D., Madison Lake Robertson, Carl J.. Litchfield ;Sullivan. Katherine E .• Stillwater Robertson. Jean. Minneapolis Summerfield. Arthur W.• St. Paul Robinson. Florence J., Minneapolis "';Sund. Adolph G.• Minneapolis Robinson. Zora I., Minneapolis JSunwall, James 0 .• Minneapolis Rosenthal. Boleslaus A., St. Paul Swanson, Florence H., Stillwater ,..Rowe. Paul H .• Casselton, N. D. Swift. F. Clare. Cresbard. S. D. Rud. George M •• Kenyon ftanner. Elsie K., St. Paul Rundquist. Ella A.• Minneapolis Taylor. Gladys C.• Minneapolis Russell. Reuben C., Minneapolis !Tenold. Adeline. Northwood. Iowa Rypins. Harold L.. St. Paul Thoen. Hazel V.• Taylors Falls Salisbury, Kenneth B., Minneapolis Thompson. Aaron W .• Eau Claire, Wis. Sarazin. Katherine B.. Minneapolis /Thompson. Minnie A.. Appleton Sauby, Orvin, Elbow Lake /rhomson. Metellus. Jr.• Minneapolis Savidge. Myrtle E •• StewartV1lle Thorp. Bertha H.• Willmar Sawatzky, William A. C.• Shakopee /Thorp, Ella. A. M .• Minneapolis Sawyer. Emmons W.• Minneapolis ,.Travis. Bernice M., Minneapolis .-saxe, W. Earle. Minneapolis /Travis. G1a.dys L .• Minneapolis ,;8chaetzel. Marie, Minneapolis ITreibel. Emma A.• St. Paul Schmidt. Irvin A.• Chaska Trieloff. Anna M., Ca.rver Schmitz. Frances M., Thief River Falls Trumble. Mildred B.• Minnea.polis Schoonmaker. Guy D •• Riceville, Iowa Tryon. Fred G., Minnea.polis Schulze, Marjorie F., Decorah, Iowa Tupper. Ruth F., Minnea.polis Scott. Jeannette R., Minneapolis Turner. Ma.rguerite, Fariba.ult Seham, Ruby G.• Minneapolis .vIIlesh, Frank. Graceville Sevatson. Lillian. Minneapolis Vandyke. Ruth, Coleraine Shannessy. Earl V.• Minneapolis ;'\ran Tuyl, Ruth. Minneapolis Shannon. Clarence A.• Bemidji 'yiets. J. Jay, Minneapolis Shannon. W. Raymond. Minneapolis ....Vogtel. Melvin A., New Ulm Shapere, Abe, St. Paul Vondrak. Emma. Minneapolis

Shenehon, Eleanor N.• Minneapolis o' Walters. Bessie. Minneapolis Shol. Esther N.• Minneapolis ,...walters. Ethel L.• Minneapolis Siedenberg, Alfred H .• Elk Mound. Wis. Wanous. Hylda E .• Hutchinson ,.Siedenberg. Arthur G.• Elk Mound. Wis. Ware. Josephine. St. Paul /Sieberg• Edward M., Oakes. N. D. ;Warner. Ellsworth B•• Minneapolis 146 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

Warren, Vera M., St. Paul ,Wilson, Byron R., Royalton Webster, Bennett A., Waucoma, Iowa Winter, A. Prescott, Granite Falls Webster, Kathryn, Minneapolis -Wipperman, Mrs. P. W., Minneapolis ,.Werring, Mildred, Sleepy Eye Wisner, Gilman H., J::ldora, Iowa Westman, Agnes, Alexandria Wolff, Martha F., St. Paul White, Ida C., Minneapolis -Worlitsek, Stephanie M., St. Paul ~White, Margaret }., Minneapolis Wright, Vera L., Minneapolis Wienir. Eimon, Superior. Wis. Yena, Stella G., Minneapolis Wije, Reuel, Moorhead Yoerg, Luise M., St. Paul Wilcox, Blanche A., Virginia Young, Temple F. M., Minneapolis Wilcox, Grace E., Virginia Yukel, Frank, Silver Lake Ziegler, Mildred R., Minneapolis

FRESHMEN-613

Abbett, Gladys, Anoka Bengston, Ruth C., Minneapolis Abeles, Emmons L., Minneapolis Bennett, Muriel, Minneapolis Abrahamson, Helen, Houston Berg, Emelia, Minneapolis Abrahamson, Louise, Houston Berg, Lillie M. E., Rush City Abramson, Earl L., Minneapolis Bertrand, Marie, Minneapolis Abramson, Ethel V., Minneapolis Bessler, Philip, Minneapolis Acton, Harry }., Madison Billman, Joseph E.. Minneapolis Agnew, Allen T., Vincennes, Ind. Birkland, Olav N., Red Wing Akenson, Grace, Minneapolis Bishop, Morlan H., Thief River Falls Albrecht, lone A., Minneapolis Blanchett, Leo M., Minne,.olis Alexander, Marion C., St. Paul Blank, Etta, Minneapolis Allison, Sadie E., Milaca Blase, Esther, St. Paul Ames, Alice H., St. Paul Park Boobar, Ethel F., Anoka Andersen, Helen S., Minneapolis Borry, AU. }., Thief River Falls Anderson, Freda, Mankato Bowe, Regina M., Waseca Anderson, Mamie E., Grantsburg, Wis. Boyer, Joseph A., Minneapolis Anderson, Raymond W., St. Paul Braithwaite, Gale B., nneapolis Anderson, Frank }., Ellsworth, Wis. Brandmier, John F., S erior, Wis. Andrews, Raymond C., Lindstrom Bregel, Fred L., Fairfa Annon, Walter T., Anoka Brennan, Lester L., Minneapolis Archambo, Maybell A., Minneapolis Briggs, Claude E., Princeton Armstrong, Victor S., Minneapolis Briggs, Mildred F., Blue Earth Arnson, }ohan M., Eau Claire, Wis. Bright, Katharine C., Minneapolis Atwood, Ethel E., Graceville Brodrick M. Helen, Minneapolis Augustin, C. Howard, Glenwood City, Wis. Broker, Walter S., Minneapolis Back, William F., Red Wing Brown, Edwin S., Minneapolis Baer, Fernand B., St. Paul Brown, Lucile, International Falls Baer, Jerome B., St. Paul Brown, R. J. Carroll, Minneapolis Baker, Fannie E.. Granite Falls Brown, Lyle L., Crookston Balch, Earle, St. Paul Bnichholz, Frederick A., Minneapolis Ballard, Grace M., St. Paul Buell, Clyde W., Minneapolis Barker, Georgia M., Minneapolis Bullis, Daisy E. N., Sandstone Barnard, Margaret H., Minneapolis Burgstahler, Alice, Minneapolis Barnes, George A., Wells Burns, Robert W., Minneapolis Barron, Lazarus, Minneapolis Burr, Raymond A., St. Paul Bartholet, Frank T., Bird Island Buscher, Herbert, Lester Prairie Bartholet, Julia C., Bird Island Byrnes, Lillian, Barry Bartlett, Mary E.. Minneapolis Callaway, William L., Minneapolis Batchelder, Kathryne, Faribault Campbell, H. Dean, Minneapolis Bates" Sybil P., Minneapolis Carleton, Frank H., Jr., Minneapolis Beckett, Leighton D., Nortliwood, Iowa Carlson, Olga J., Deephaven Belyea, Aileen, Little Falls Carlson, Thorgny C., Minneapolis Benedix, Cedric H., Mantorville Carpenter, Helen J., Minneapolis Benepe Helen A., St. Paul Carufel, Mary, Faribault STUDENTS 147

Casey, Bessie M., New Richmond, Wis. Eckhoff, Alma M., Twin Lakes Casey, Gertrude V., Minneapolis Edelstein, David E., North Branch Cates, Catherine B., Minneapolis Edwards, Edna H., New Ulm Caughren, Pearle, Sauk Centre Eisenberg, David, Minneapolis Cauley, Elizabeth C., Graceville Erdmann, Clara A., Minneapolis Chamberlain, Ruth, Minneapolis Erickson, Laurence, Litchfield Cha:mplin, Bessie E.. Minneapolis Erstad, A. Hildegarde, Princeton Chapin, Le Roy D., Sloan, Iowa Eustis, Ralph W., Owatonna Chapman, Gladys M., Minneapolis Evans, Winifred, Tracy Chase, Florence, Minneapolis Falk, Herbert A., Norwood Chatman, Gladys D.. Osage, Iowa Fellows, David M., Riceville, Iowa Chisholm, Reginald, Chippewa Falls, Wis. Fiewles, Louis. Minneapolis Christensen, Eleanor, Minneapolis Fink, Regina, St. Paul Christensen, Iolean, Minneapolis Fischer, Albert L., Bird Island Churchill, Josie, Great Falls, Mont. Fjellman, Philip C., Minneapolis Churchill, Nellie, Minneapolis Flaskerud, Agnes, Calmar, Iowa Clark, Helen A.. Minneapolis Fleischer, Clarence A., West Duluth Cliff, Earl V., Ortonville Fleming, Sybil 1., Lakeville Clyborne, H. Virginia, Minneapolis Fletcher, Olive C., Minneapolis Colahan, Irene E., Minneapolis Flinn, Helen M., Minneapohs Colahan, Wayne J., Minneapolis Ford, Burton C., Brainerd Cole, Cash, Juneau, Alaska Ford, Madge C., Minneapolis Collins, Helen L., Minneapolis Ford, Paul G., Owatonna Cosler, Mildred H., Minneapolis Frank, Wilfred R., Minneapolis Courtenay, Helen C., Minneapolis Fredell, Lydia M, W., Minneapolis Cowan, Kathleen M., Devils Lake, N. D. Freed, Oscar J. R., Watertown Cowdin, Thomas H., Jr., Harvey, N. D. Frey, Henry J., Hinckley Cowin, Edith B., Minneapolis Frost, Celia F., Willmar Craig, George 0., Chippewa Falls, Wis. Frost, Harlan M., Minneapolis Crane, Helen D., Minneapolis . Gale, Mary R., Minneapolis Crosbie, James E., St. Paul Garlough, Leslie, St. Paul Crosby, John U., Minneapolis Gates, Frederick H., Spring Park Cupp, Wanda H., Mora Gausemel, Selmer D., Kenyon Cuskelly, Joseph R., Dickinson, N. D. Gausewitz, Alfred L.. Minneapolis Cuvellier, J. Holden, Minneapolis Gaver, Carl L., St. Paul Dahl, Dagmar, Virginia Gavin, Ethel, Minneapolis Dahl, Dagny 1., Minneapolis Gaylord, Russell, Minneapolis Dahl, Esther D., Minneapolis Geer, Everett K., St. Paul Dahlberg, Andrew H., Hopkins Geib, Arthur J., St. Paul Dahlberg, Arthur, Kennedy Geldman, Charles, Minneapolis Dahlberg, Oke, Kennedy Gellerman, Louise, St. Paul Dale, Charles M., Minot, S. D. George, Harry E., Lyle Danz, Beatrice, Minneapolis Getchell, Hazel, Minneapolis Davis, Harry W., Duluth Gibson, Beatrice M., Minneapolis Dawson, Hazel 1., Appleton Gill, John J., Minneapolis Deane, Hazel M., Minneapolis Gille, Madell, St. Paul DeMoully, Oliver, Lake Crystal Gillespie, Clyde M., Minneapolis Desky, Clarence H., Blue Earth Glaeser, Ida E.. New Ulm Dix, Margaret E.. Minneapolis Gloege, Arthur J., Bellingham Dockstader, Harold J .. Hastings Goldsworthy, Edith, Red Oak, Iowa Donnelly, Katherine, St. Paul Gongle, Harriet M.. Minneapolis Donovan, Dayne, Minneapolis Gordon, George M., Clear Lake Douglass, Ray 0., St. Paul Gordon, Helen C., St. Paul Dowling, Effie E., Minneapolis Gordon, Roy T.. Browns Valley Doyle, John B., St. Paul Gow, Arthur S., Minneapolis Drew, Albert S.. St. Paul Graber, Evelyn K., Minneapolis Drum, William F., Owatonna Graber, Ralph B., Minneapolis Dunn, Helen, Minneapolis Grant, Donald, Jr., Faribault Dunnigan, Myrtle C., Minneapolis Grant, Lyle G., Minneapolis Dunphy, George B., St. Paul Green, Barbara, Minneapolis 148 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

Greenwald, Merry G., Minneapolis Ingram, Roswell P., Ortonville Grimm, Marguerite A., Minneapolis Jalma, Michael M.. Minneapolis Griswold, Ruth H., Minneapolis James, Eloise V., Tracy Groebner, Otto A., New Ulm Jenkins, Philip J., Minneapolis Hagy, Gertrude H., Minneapolis Jesmore, Ruth, Eveleth Hain, Eleanor, Minneapolis Jewell, Emma, Decorah, Iowa Hale, Ouincy H., Spring Valley John, Alfred C., St. Paul Hall, Carl I., Winnipeg, Man. Johnson, Arthur 0., Minneapolis Hall, Catherine A., St. Paul Johnson, Buford P., Minneapolis Hall, Howard L., Minneapolis Johnson, Carl, Tyler Hamill, Dorothy, Minneapolis Johnson, Cora H., Fargo, N. D. Hamilton, Rebecca, Coleraine Johnson, Ella L., New Rockford, N. D. Hamm, William, St. Paul Johnson, Ida, Excelsior Hammond, Ethel, Osage, Iowa Johnson, Lyle K., Minneapolis Hardick, Edith, St. Paul Johnson, Mabel Eo, Lime Springs, Iowa Hardy, Ethel W.. St. Paul Johnson, Ruth V., Minneapolis Hardy, Helen W., St. Louis Park Johnson, William A., Cloquet Hario, Esther I., Minneapolis Johnston, Elizabeth, Minneapolis Harper, Stanley J., Excelsior Johnston, Harold, Glenwood City, Wis. Harris, Carleton, Minneapolis Jones, Ethel S., Minneapolis Harris, J. Morrison, Minneapolis Joseph, Roland H., Owatonna Hart, Maud Po, Minneapolis Joyce, Alfred M., South Park Harwood, Ethel Mo, Minneapolis Jude, David Eo, Maple Lake Hassett, William L., St, Panl Judge, Owen ]., Hastings Hatch, Susie L., Battle Lake Juel, Martin 0., Canton, S. D. Hauer, Walter C.. Minneapolis Kauffman, Cyrus S.. St. Paul Hauge, Norman J., Minneapolis Keating, Maurice, St. Paul Haupt, Alma C., Minneapolis Keenan, AddJe, Austin Hauser, Ethel A., Minneapolis Keller, Car~ H., Slayton Haverstock, Henry W., Minneapolis Kennedy, William H., St. Paul Healey, Barbara, MinneapolJ. Kennicott, Robert H., Luverne Healey, Evelyn M., Minneapolis Keogan, Irvin J., Minneapolis Heimbach, Edwin R., Anaconda, Mont. Kirk, Bessie L., Minneapolis Heintz, Howard W., Rochester Kirkpatrick, Frederick K., Parkers Prairie Heitsmith, Althea C., Minneapolis Klippstein, Elsa 0., New Ulm Henton, Gladys M., Minneapohs Kohler, Karl R., Hutchinson Herrick, Hazel R., Minneapolis Kook, Viola Co, Minneapolis Herrick, Julia F., North St. Paul Kraft, Dorothy E., Minneapolis Herring, Dan W., Central Point, Ore. Kreitlow, Emil C., Howard Lake Herrmann, Edgar To, Sto Paul Kremer, Henrietta V., Grand Rapids Herwig, Aletha, Canby Kristensen, Herbert G., Duluth Higgins, Virginia, Minneapolis Kuppinger, Marjorie, Mason City, Iowa H.ll, Harry H., Caledonia Kurz, Edward L., Annandale Hixon, Catherine L., Minneapolis Lagro, Greta C., Minneapolis Hobbs, Ruth, Minneapolis Lalin, Helen M., Floodwood Hochmuth, Geo~ge Co, Gladstone Lane, Bessie B., Minneapolis Hoffert, Clara E., Mora Larson, G. Arthur, Taunton Holen, Lawrence I., Minneapolis Lasley, Mildred, Minneapolis Holt, May F., Minneapolis Leavitt, John A., St. Paul Hovde, Rolf, Duluth Lee, Lillian B., Minneapolis Hooker, Mary, St. Paul Lehmann, Grace E., St. Paul Horn, Mildred E., Minneapolis Leslie, Frank P., Minneapolis Hoss, John A., Minneapolis Levin, Sadie Z., Minneapolis Hougen, Helmer J., Nerstrand Lewis, Alice G., Minneapolis Hubachek, Frank B., Minneapolis Lewis, Olive B., St. Paul Hulett, Florence G., Minneapolis Lindsay, Dalie, Virginia Hurlburt, Alice D., Minneapolis Lindstrom, Emil, Anoka Hyde, Ora A., St. Paul Locke, Eva, St. Paul lise, Richard J., Brainerd Lowe, Thomas A., Hadley Ingham, Margaret, Minneapolis Lowell, Clarence T., St. Paul r I ~ STUDENTS 149

Lucas, Harriet M., Minneapolis Murphey, Clair H., Minneapolis Lund, Lawrence L., Minneapolis Murphy, Daniel J., Minneapolis Lundsten, Donald B., Hutchinson Murray, Leonard, Minneapolis Lussier, Earl F., Minneapolis Murray, Lillian, Minneapolis Lynch, Jeannette C., St. Paul Nelson, Georgia, Moberly, Mo. Lyness, Ida, Fessenden, N. D. Nelson, Irving A., Lake Mills, Iowa McArdle, Helene, Minneapolis Nelson, Lester E., Litchfield McCabe, Raphaella, Minneapolis Nelstead. Rudolph, Brainerd McCall, Helen, St. Paul Ness, Selma, Minneapolis McCanna, David T., Minneapolis Newcomb, Lucile E., Minneapolis McCann;', Reuben W., Minneapolis Nickels, Martha G., Minneapolis McCoy, Carrie F., Minneapolis Nichols, Alma P., Pipestone McCullough, J. Renwick, Minneapolis Nichols, Jean H., Frazee McCune, Mary M., Minneapolis Nides, H. Louis, Hibbing McElroy, Margaret, Minneapolis Nordby, Walter A., Minneapolis McEnary, Mildred, Minneapolis Noreen. Nana B., Brainerd McFadden, Frank, St. Paul Nordin, Gustaf T., Minneapolis McGarvey, Florence 1., Minneapolis Novotny, George A., Maple Lake McGee, Helen E., Lake Preston, S. D. Ober, Marguerite F., Minneapolis McGihtTa, Louise E., Milaca O'Brien, Rupert D., Duluth McGrath, Ralph W., Stillwater O'Brien, Thomas J., Hudson, Wis. McGraw, James C., St. Paul O'Connell, Agnes, Minneapolis McGTegoT, Catherine, Minneapolis Odell, Bert, Watertown McIlvaine, Ruth M., Omaha, Neb. O'Hearn, Thomas L., Two HaTbor s McKee, John C., St. Paul Okuda, George H., Kobe, Japan McKeon, George J., Montgomery Olsen, Almyra C., Minneapohs McKinley, J. Charnley, Minneapolis Olsen, Mae G., Minneapolis McKinney, Richard E., Minneapolis Olson, Oscar E., Minneapolis McLaughlin, Lillian S., Minneapolis Orton, Wanda N., Minneapolis McNeely, Alice M., St. Paul Ostby, Aslack J., Minneapolis Mack, Rellie G., Loyal, Wis. Ostby, Carl M., Mclntosh Madigan, T. Irving, Maple Lake Ostergren, James B., Gladstone Mallon, Alfred E., Minneapolis Ott, Alfred C., Duluth Manderfeld, Laura H., St. Paul Otterness, Marie, Spring Grove Manley, Laura L., Minneapolis OUTen, Selma, Hanska Mann, Grace V., Worthington Ovem, Alfred V., Albert Lea Marlow, Nellie E., Watertown, S. D. Packer, Bert 1., Delano Mason, Bonnie, Minneapolis Painter, Carl W., Minneapolis Matheny, Carlos W., Redfield, S. D. Papas, George, Minneapolis Mathews, Elizabeth M., Eyota Parent, John E., Parent Mayer, Olga A., New Ulm Pattridge, Vivian, Tracy Mealey, Clara A., Minneapolis Payne, Archer E., Red Oak, Iowa Mealey, Howard G., Monticello Pearce, Esther E., Minneapolis Medley, Faye, Little Falls Pearson, Fritz R., Hudson, Wis. Merritt, Callie, Duluth Pearson, Lulu A., Roseau Michel, Teresa, St. Paul Peavey, Louis L., Faribault Michelson, Arnold, Bismarck, N. D. Peck, Anna E., Minneapolis Millar, George D., Minneapolis Pederson, Nellie C. E., Minneapolis Miller, Frank L., Buffalo, N. D. Peitzke, Robert H., Riceville, Iowa Miller, Janet, Minneapolis Peteler, Roland 0., Minneapolis MilleT, Stella F., Buffalo, N. D. Peterson, Agnes S., Crookston Mitchell, William R., Amiret Peterson, Carl J., Red Wing MolandeT, Herbert A., St. Paul Peterson, Jay B., Minneapolis Morgan, George T., Stillwater Peterson, Marie C., St. Paul Moriarty, Cecelia, St. Paul Peterson, Reno 1., Litchfield Morse, Ella T., Minneapolis Petri, Ruth J., Minneapolis Morse, Minerva, Minneapolis Pierce, Galen H., Mondovi, Wis. Morton, PeTcy W., Minneapolis Pierce, Helen K., Harlan, Iowa Mulrean, Theresa, Minneapolis Plankers, Arthur G., St. Paul Munson, Anna, Minneapolis Plant, Jean S., St. Paul 150 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

Plant. Julie, St. Paul Senti,John, Br~nerd Polak, Richard R .• Minneapolis Seyfried, Lillian M., St. Paul Power, John E., Duluth Shadbolt, John S., Caledonia Prescott, Gertrude, Minneapolis Shapiro, Morse J .• Minneapolis Proshek, Charles E., New Prague Sharbach, Ward J .• Minneapolis Purple, Gertrude, Minneapolis Shaw, Mabel, Minneapolis Rader, William M., Canby Shearer, Dorothy G.• Minneapolis Ralston, Frank L., La Grande, Ore. Shelp, Charline L., St. Paul Rank, Theron L., Dover Shepard, David J., St. Paul Ravicz, Minnie, Minneapolis Shepard, Floyd W., Kenyon Rayley, John G., Sioux City, Iowa Sheridan, Helen, Minneapolis Regan. Jean. Minneapolis Sherman, Ralph H., Minneapolis Rehfeld, Selma A.• Minneapolis Sherwin, Ruth M., Monticello Reid, Elizabeth, Minneapolis Shields, Florence. St. Paul Rice, Carl J., Adrian Shoemaker, Ralph H.• North Redwood Rich, Helen, Minneapolis Shook, Margaret E., Aitkin Riley, Gladys M., St. Cloud Shorba, Marie, Minneapolis Roach. Mrs. Hannah. Minneapolis Shoresman, Rose, Coleraine Robb, Maugridge S., Detroit Shultz. Gwendolen, St. Paul Robbins, Helen E., Minneapolis Shumaker, Ferdinand H., Minneapolis Robertson, Albert J., Minneapolis Sibley, Josephine, Minneapolis Robertson, Helen L., Minneapolis Sibley, L. Beth, Minneapolis Robertson. Henry W.• Minneapolis Sibley, Theresa, Minneapolis Robinson, Ethel M., Montevideo Silliman, Vincent B., Husdon, Wis. Rochford. Ruth, Minneapolis Simerman, George A.• St. Paul Rogers, Leila E., Delhi Smersh, Jerome F.• Owatonna Root, Harrison. Minneapolis Smith, James T., Minneapolis Ross, Helen, Minneapolis Smith, Selden S., Minneapolis Ross, Herrmann, Minneapolis Smith, Verna M.• Austin Roth, Walter C.• Lewiston Soloway, Herman M .• Minneapolis Rouholf, Earl Moo Mantorville Spaeth. G. Howard, St. Paul Rucker, William H., Wibaux, Mont. Spehr, Luman, Minneapolis Ryan. Edward B., St. Paul Spies. Anna E., St. Paul Salford, Robert R., Aitkin Spiller. Guy L.• Pembina, N. D. Salzer. Florence, Minneapolis Squier, Laurence R.• Minneapolis Sanders, Hazel A., Elbow Lake Stamm. Gustave W., St. Paul Sapero, Esther, Chisholm Standenmaier, W. Walter. Trosky Sardeson, Daphne D.• Minneapolis Steele. Harold, St. Paul Sather, Einer, Litchfield Steiner, Allen N., Independence, Wis. Sauer, Eleanor E., Balfour, N. D. Steinman, Bernhard, Minneapolis Saxerud, Alvin N., Lake Mills, Iowa Sterns, Frank C., St. Paul Schaap, Arie, Sheldon, Iowa Stevens, Charlotte E .• Minneapolis Schaefer, Freda M., Minneapolis Stiles. Hazel L., Minneapolis Scheldrup, Elsa J., Minneapolis Stone, Archie A., Morris Schibsby, Fanny, Minneapolis Stout. Helen K .• Minneapolis Schmidt, Elizabeth, New Ulm Stowe, Walter H .• Waterville Schmidt, George J., Lake City Stowell, Donald D., St. Paul Scholtes. Harry J .• Wabasha Swanson, Edwin 0., Brainerd Schriber, Ruth, St. Paul Swartze11, Clifford E., St. Paul Schutt, Ray, Bremerton, Wash. Swenson, Adolph G.• Enfield Schwartz, David P., St. Paul Swenson, Rinehart J., Ellsworth, Iowa Schwartz, David, Minneapolis Sweetser, Theodore H., Minneapolis Schwerin. Mabel E., Minneapolis Tanner, Chester 0., Fairmont Schwoebel, Florence, New Rockford. N. D. Taylor. Paul S., Minneapolis Scofield. Robert J., Zumbrota Templeton, James B., Br~nerd Scott, Alvin E., Minneapolis Thayer, Muriel K .• Minneapolis Scott, Margaret E., Sandstone Thiele. Ruth M.• St. Paul Scott. Sibyl, Minneapolis Thomas, Ethel C.• Minneapolis Scrugham, Elizabeth, Minneapolis Thomas, Paul C., Bald Eagle Lake Segog. Gladys, Duluth Thompson, Robert R., Minneapolis STUDENTS 151

Timm. John A.• Utica Wells; Florence E .• Oakland. Neb. Toomhs. Frank, Minneapolis White, Lila I., Minneapolis Towle, Ida M.• Minneapolis Wheelock. William C., Minneapolis Traub, Paul. Minneapolis Whitlock. Mary S.• Belle Plaine Turner, Alice A., Minneapolis Wilcox, Blanche. Minneapolis Vance. Ethel G., Crookston Wilcox. Enid I.. Virginia Vander Horck. Viola. Minneapolis Wilk, Erma Z.• Minneapolis Van Doren, Linton, Minneapolis Wilkes. Roswell S., Minneapolis Van Duzee, Harold 0 .. Minneapolis Williams, Edson A., Minneapolis Van Norman, Louena M., Minneapolis Williams. Marjorie, Minneapolis Vuohtoniemi, Clemens. Minneapolis Williams. Trevor G., St. Paul Warner. H. Allyn. White Bear Lake Wilson. Irene. Minneapolis Warner, Lawrence, Minneapolis Wippermann. Ella, Hankinson, N. D. Warner. Olive W.• Minneapolis Witherstine, Glenn S.• Rochester Waterous, M. Irene. St, Paul Wold. Kathryne 0 .• Princeton Watson. Florence, Sauk Rapids Wolfson. Burnett. Minneapolis Weber. Rosetta C.• Minneapolis Wood. Margaret, Minneapolis Weersing, Frederic J .• St. Paul Woodis. Margaret I.. Amboy Weidt. Anna C.• Merriam Park Wright, Mildred M.• Minneapolis Weisman, Sam A., Minneapolis Young. Henry G.• Benson Welch. Elizabeth J., Minneapolis Young. Ruth E .• Minneapolis Wells, Ellen, Minneapolis Zeien. Maurice B., North Branch Zetterstrom. Henrik. Princeton

UNCLASSED-80

Alberta (Lee). Sister. St. Paul ~l. Margaret. Minneapolis Avin. Elijah, Minneapolis rftoppock, Eleanor R., Minneapolis Azaria. Sister. St. Paul Howard. Margaret L.• Minneapolis Berg. Hilda 0., Minneapolis Hyde, Sophie. Minneapolis Busian. Zella, Minneapolis Johnson, Dora U .• Minneapolis ~utter. Archibald B., Minneapolis Kelly. Katherine. Minneapolis Butts, Lilian H., Minneapolis '"-Kilgore, Alice. Minneapolis Channon, Julia H .• Minneapolis Kohler. Katherine. Minneapolis Chapman, Madge. Minneapolis Kraemer. Elizabeth. Minneapolis Conley. Mrs. J. T.• Minneapolis Leavenworth. Jennie C., Minneapolis -.cooperman, Oscar. Minneapolis y.rman. Baruch. Minneapolis Cullen. Elizabeth. Minneapolis '(Mary Eugene. Sister. St. Paul Decker. Genet, Minneapolis ....-Maves. Herman A., Minneapolis Dominica (Schmitz). Sister. St. Paul ~elom. Carl M.• Minneapolis J>owney. Mrs. John F .• Minneapolis Merrill, Laura A.• Minneapolis ~unn. Ella M., Minneapolis Michaelson. L. Mathilde. Minneapolis Ebba. Sister. St. Paul Moorhead. Donaldson S.• Minneapolis Eleanor. Sister. Minneapolis Morris. Walter. Minneapolis .-illagstad, CarlO., Minneapolis -Murray, Albert S.• South Stillwater .....-Foster. William K .• Minneapolis Niedner. Frederic, St. Paul ~ary, Mrs. Francis. Minneapolis Nilsen. Nora A.• Minneapolis Freeman. Lily J.• St. Louis Park Nutter. Mrs. Carrie A., Minneapolis Goude. Edna M.• Minneapolis Orton. Mrs. Adah H .• Minneapolis Grant. Dick. Minneapolis Orton. Forrest H .• Minneapolis ~riffith, Charles A.• Minneapolis Ostergren, Mabel C.• Gladstone Guden. Theodore G., Champlin Oswald, Mae B.. Minneapolis Harrison, Kenneth S.• Minneapolis Paulson, Edna A.• Minneapolis _:!;Iartzell. Thomas B.• Minneapolis Pike. Mrs. J. B.• Minneapolis ~etT, Louis A., Minneapolis • Reppy, Mrs. E. Netta, Flandreau, S. D. Hewitt. Helen. Minneapolis Reynolds, George W., Minneapolis Hilary, Sister. St. Paul Rodenbaeck, Alwina K .• Minneapolis Hildrup, Helen L.• Minneapolis --Roll, William A.. Minneapolis 152 SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

~ooney, Isabel, Minneapolis 'Van Cleve, Williams, Minneapolis Rowley, Frank B., Minneapolis Walton, Matilda K., Minneapolis --Rudolph, Charles E., Minneapolis West, C. Rowland, Minneapolis Sanderson, Mrs. James C., Minneapolis Weswig, Carl M., St. Paul Sevatson, Carrie, Minneapolis ~ilson, Justina L., Minneapolis Shenehon, Mrs. Kate C., Minneapolis Young, John 1., Minneapolis Silloway, Alice, Minneapolis Yvonne, Sister. Minneapolis -flmith, Alice M., Minneapolis ·--r;ierold, Arthur A., Minneapolis 3

THE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND THE MECHANIC ARTS

FACULTY

CYRUS NORTHROP, LL.D., President, Emeritus GEORGE EDGAR VINCENT, Ph.D., LL.D., President FRANCIS C. SHENEHON, C.E., Dean

CEPHAS DANIEL ALLIN, M.A., LL.B., Assistant Professor of Political Science 113 Church St. S. E. CHARLES M. ANDRIST, M.L., Professor of French 706 Delaware St. S. E. FREDERICK H. BASS, B.S., Professor of Municipal and Sanitary Engineer ing 429 Union St. S. E. CHARLES W. BENTON, M.A., Litt.D., Professor of French 516 9th Ave. S. E. WILLIAM E. BROOKE, B.C.E., M.A., Professor of Mathematics and Me- chanics 416 Walnut St. S. E. OSCAR C. BURKHARD, M.A., Assistant Professor of German 610 13th Ave. S. E. FRANK H. CONSTANT, C.E., Professor of Structural Engineering 615 6th St. S. E. ALVIN S. CUTLER, C.E., Assistant Professor of Railway Engineering 717 E. River Road HANS H. DALAKER, B.A., Assistant Professor of Mathematics 523 Walnut St. S. E. HENRY T. EDDY, C.E., Ph.D., LL.D., D.Sc., Professor of Mathematics and Mechanics, Emeritus 916 6th St. S. E. HENRY A. ERIKSON, B.E.E., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Physics 424 Harvard St. S. E. JOHN J. FLATHER, Ph.B., M.M.E., Professor of Mechanical Engineering .- 315 11th Ave. S. E. HENRY J. FLETCHER, LL.M., Professor of Law 317 17th Ave. S. E. GEORGE B. FRANKFORTER, M.A., Ph.D., Professor of Chemistry 525 E. River Road JULES T. FRELIN, B.A., Assistant Professor of French 113 Church St. S. E. EVERHART P. HARDING, M.S., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Chemistry 1316 7th St. S. E. ARTHUR EDWIN HAYNES, M.S., M.Ph., Sc.D., Professor, Retired 703 E. River Road

9 10 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

HANS JUERGENSEN, M.A., Assistant Professor of German 1612 11th Ave. S. WILLIAM H. KAVANAUGH, M.E., Professor of Experimental Engineering 118 State St. S. E. WILLIAM H. KIRCHNER, B.S., Professor of Drawing and Descriptive Geometry 217 Beacon St. S. E. ALOIS F. KOVARIK, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Physics 1105 6th St. S. E. FRANCIS P. LEAVENWORTH, M.A., Professor of Astronomy 317 17th Ave. S. E. JOHN V. MARTENIS, M.E., Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering 217 Harvard St. S. E. JOHN G. MOORE, B.A., Professor of German 2810 University Ave. S. E. BURT L. NEWKIRK, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Mathematics and Mec::hanics 215 Harvard St. S. E. CHARLES W. NICHOLS, M.A., Assistant Professor of Rhetoric 220 Harvard St. S. E. EDWARD E. NICHOLSON, M.A., Assistant Professor of Chemistry 914 7th St. S. E. EDWARD VAN DYKE ROBINSON, Ph.D., Professor of Economics 827 7th St. S. E. WILLIAM T. RYAN, E.E., Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering 3228 4th St. S. E. FREDERICK W. SARDESON, Ph.D., 'Assistant Professor of Geology 414 Harvard St. S. E. WILLIAM A. SCHAPER, M.A., Ph.D., Professor of Political Science 625 Fulton St. S. E. FRANCIS C. SHENEHON, C.E., Professor of Civil Engineering Minneapolis GEORGE D. SHEPARDSON, M.A., M.E, D.Sc., Professor of Electrical Engineering 717 E. River Road S. CARL SHIPLEY, B.S., M.E., Assistant Professor of Machine Construc- tion 1517 E. River Road CHARLES F. SHOOP, B.S., Assistant Professor of Experimental Engineer- ing 108 Beacon St. S. E. CHARLES F. SIDENER, B.S., Professor of Chemistry 1320 5th St. S. E. FRANK W. SPRINGER, E.E., Professor of Electrical Engineering 316 12th Ave. S. E. JOSEPH M. THOMAS, Ph.D., Professor of Rhetoric 623 14th Ave. S. E. JAMES B. WOOLNOUGH, U.S.A., Professor of Military Science Minneapolis ANTHONY ZELENY, M.S., Ph.D.,. Professor of Physics 613 Fulton St. S. E. JOHN ZELENY, B.A., Ph.D., Professor of Physics 712 10th Ave. S. E. OTTO S. ZELNEB.. B.S., Assistant Professor of Surveying 729 Fulton St. S. E. r I FACULTY 11 I INSTRUCTORS EDWARD P. BURCH, E.E., Lecturer in Electric Railway Engineering f 1729 James Ave. S. ROBERT W. FRENCH, B.S., Instructor in Drawing 1035 13th Ave. S. E. EDWIN H. HEWITT, Lecturer in Architecture 126 Franklin Ave. E. WILLIAM F. HOLMAN, Ph.D., Instructor in Mathematics 722 E. 24th St. FRANKLIN R. McMILLAN, C.E., Instructor in Experimental Engineering 321 Oak St. S. E. WALLACE H. MARTIN. M.E., Instructor in Mechanical Engineering 1030 14th Ave. S. E. CARL M. MELOM, M.A., Instructor in French and Spanish 112 Arthur Ave. S. E. JOHN I. PARCEL, B.S., Instructor in Structural Engineering 1316 7th St. S. E. PETER PETERSON, Instructor in Foundry Practice 3709 Clinton Ave. GEORGE C. PRIESTER, B.E., Instructor in Mathematics 1024 15th Ave. S. E. LOUIS W. McKEEHAN, Ph.D., Instructor in Physics Minneapolis WARREN T. POWELL, M.A., Instructor in Rhetoric 517 Essex St. S. E. EDWARD QUIGLEY, Instructor in Forge Work 2442 15th Ave. S. WILLIAM H. RICHARDS, Instructor in Carpentry and Pattern Work 1423 W. 27th St. BERT A. ROSE. Instructor of Cadet Band 710 7th St. S. E. FRANK B. ROWLEY, B.S., M.E., Instructor in Drawing and Descriptive Geometry 414 Oak St. S. E. H. M. TURNER, Instructor in Electrical Engineering Minneapolis HENRY J. UBRICH, Instructor in Carpentry 602 Buchanan St. N. E. RICHARD WISCHKAEMPER, M.A., Instructor in German 504 Beacon St. S. E.

ASSISTANTS

HARRY W. DIXON, Engineer, Assistant in Power Plant Operation 1800 4th St. S. E. PAUL E. KLOPSTEG, B.S., Assistant in Physics 410 17th Ave. S. E. THE PURPOSES OF THE COLLEGE

The College of Engineering and the Mechanic Arts was founded in accordance with the laws of the State of Minnesota and of the Federal Government, its object being" to promote the liberal and practical edu cation of the industrial classes in the several pursuits and professions in life." It offers courses of study, of five years each, in Civil, Mechan ical, Electrical, and Architectural Engineering: and Architecture, leading to the degrees of Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, and Architectural En gineert and Architect.' The degrees of Bachelor of Science ill Engineering, and Bachelor of Science in Architecture are conferred at the end of the fourth year. This College also offers work in the Graduate School leading to the degree of Master of Science. The four-year course leading to the Bachelor's Degree of Engineer ing is an excellent preparation for a business career. The course deals with Mathematics, Mechanics, Physics, and includes work in Rhetoric, modern language, and Economics, and contains those elements which will serve well the purpose of young men who are to engage in manu~ facturing or mercantile pursuits. The training leads to close, hard, accurate thinking. It is well known that many engineers work into high administrative positions in manufacture and commerce.

12 r I I ADMISSION I Admission to the College of Engineering for the year 1912-13 may be in accordance with the requirements as announced in the Bulletin of 1911-12, referred to as the old plan, or may be in accordance with the new entrance requirements shown on pages 16 to 20 inclusive.

OLD PLAN OF ADMISSION

Fifteen year-credits of high school work, chosen from the following lists, are required for admission to this College. The first six subjects, amounting to eight year-credits, are required of all studel;lts except as noted below. Of the remaining seven year-credits at least two year credits must be chosen from one of the langua~e groups. . A year-credit is granted on the basis of a recitation period of" at least forty minutes, five times per week, for not less than thirty-six ~.eeks. In the case of drawing, shop work, and laboratory practice fiv~rebii~tion periods of at least eighty minutes must be devoted to the workorOitly a half-credit will be granted. . Two half year-credits are equivalent to one year-credit.

GROUP I Eight Year-Credits Required: Elementary Algebra, one credit Higher Algebra, one-half credit Plane Geometry, one credit Solid Geometry, one-half credit *English, four credits Chemistry, one credit

GROUP II Seven Year-Credits Required from This Group, of Which at Least Two. Year-Credits Shall be Chosen from One of the Language Groups Latin- Grammar, one credit Caesar, four books, one credit Cicero, six orations, one credit Virgil, six books, one credit Greek- Grammar, one credit Anabasis, four books, one credit

*Three credits will satisfy the English requirement when the applicant presents four credits in language. In this case eight credits shall be chosen from Group II.

13 ------~____c_--~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ _

14 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

German- Grammar, one credit Literature, one to three credits French':'- Grammar, one credit Literature, one to three credits Spanish- Grammar, one credit Literature, one credit Scandinavian Languages Grammar, one credit Literature, one credit History- Ancient, to Charlemagne, one credit Modem, from Charlemagne, one credit English, one-half credit Senior Americaxt, one-half credit American Government, one-half credit Elementary Economics, one-half credit History of Commerce, one-half credit Commercial Geography, one-half or one credit Physics, one credit Botany, one-half or one credit Zoology, one-half or one credit Astronomy, one-half credit Geology, one-half credit Physiography, one-half credit Drawing, one-half or one credit Shop Work, one-half or one credit

Admission is by certificate or by examination, excep.t for the mathe matical requirement as stated on page 15. Whenever admission is by examination, the candidate must pass examinations for the credits from Group I, required for entrance to this College, and in addition enough credits from the list of electives in Group II, to make a total of fifteen year-credits; provided that if the total of entrance conditions does not exceed one year-credit, the applicant shall be admitted conditionally, and be given one year in which to make up the entrance conditions. Graduates of Minnesota State High Schools; of Advanced Courses of Minnesota Normal Schools; of Minnesota High Schools or Academies not under the supervision of the State High School Board, but which are accredited by the Faculty of the University, will be admitted without ex amination in the remaining subjects for entrance, provided, (a) That the school maintain a full four-year course. (b) That the applicant present to the Registra.r the principal's certificate on the blank form provided by the University (see following page), shoWing that at least fourteen of the required fifteen year subjects ADMISSION 15 have been passed with credit·. Such deficiency, when not a mathe matical subject, is charged against the student as an entrance condition which must be removed before he enters the sophomore class. Graduates of such schools, whose principal's certificate shows them to be deficient in not more than one and one-half year-credits and who have made such additional preparation in one or more of these subjects as they deem necessary, may take the regular entrance examinations in such subjects to reduce their deficiency to one year-credit or less. But graduates whose principal's certificate shows them to be deficient in more than one and one-half year credits, even though they have made such additional preparation as they deem necessary, must take the regular entrance examinations in all subjects. Graduates from schools in any other state, accredited to the state university of that state, will be admitted on the same terms as graduates of Minnesota State High Schools. Applicants from schools not coming within any of the above classes must take the regular entrance examinations or present State High School Board certificates, which will be accepted in lieu of an examination in the subjects which they represent. Students bringing records from accredited schools are required to present them on the blank form provided for the purpose by the Uni versity. Blank forms may be obtained from the Registrar. No other form of certificate will be accepted. Students who do not bring their certificates on the proper form of blank will not be allowed to register until they have secured the certificate on the required form. Any Minnesota High School or Academy, not under supervision of the State High School Board, but requiring for graduation a four-year course, exclusive of the common school branches, conforming essentially in distribution of time to the entrance requirements of at least one of the University courses, will, upon application, be inspected by a committee, and after favorable recommendation, may be accredited by the Faculty in all respects as are the State High Schools, provided, (1) That the school be open to inspection at any time by the Uni versity. (2) That it take such supplementary examinations as may be pre scribed from time to time.

ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS

Every applicant for admission to the freshman class must either (a) Present State High School Board certificates for each of the mathematical subjects, or (b) Take the entrance examinations in said subjects at the Univer sity, provided, however, that students who shall have completed all the required Mathematics during the three years immediately preceding ma triculation in this College, shall be admitted without examination in such

.A mark of "passed" is accepted for work done prior to September, 1912. 16 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING mathematical subjects as show a standing of at least good (or 80%). This shall apply also to students who shall have completed a full four years' course in Mathematics during the four years immediately preceding their matriculation. Beginning with September, 1913, the certificate for either Higher Algebra or Solid Geometry must be dated within one year of the timeof presentation at the University, and the other must be dated within two years of such time. Applicants failing to obtain credit in all of the mathematical sub jects required will not be accepted. Students proposing to enter this college should be thoroughly pre pared in Mathematics, because the successful prosecution of the work depends largely upon preliminary training in this subject.

TIME AND PLACE OF EXAMINATION

Entrance examinations are held only at the beginning of the college year, Tuesday, September 10th. Applicants should present themselves to the Registrar who will furnish them with application blanks and direct them how to proceed with these examinations and registration. Stu dents prevented from entering at the beginning of the year may be admit ted at a subsequent date when circumstances are such as to justify this action. Such students are at a great disadvantage, and all students expecting to enter the University are urged to be present at the begin ning of the year. See page 6 for program of examinations.

ENTRANCE CONDITIONS

No applicant who is deficient in more than one year-credit is eligible for admi!!sion. Any deficiency becomes an entrance condition and must be made up before the student passes into the sophomore class.. But no applicant having an entrance condition in Mathematics will be accepted. Students are strongly advised to be thoroughly prepared so as to avoid entrance conditions. The work of the freshman year is arduous, requiring the full time and energy of the students to get the greatest benefit from it.

NEW PLAN OF ADMISSION

Admission is either by certificate or by examination. In either case candidates must present: (l) Three years of English. (2) Three years of Mathematics. (3) One year of Chemistry. ADMISSION 17

4. A minor series chosen from one of the groups B, C, and E. (The required Chemistry may be included in a science series.) To form a lan guage series at least two units of the same language must be offered. 5. Enough additional work to make in all fifteen units of which not more than three may be in Group F, with the provision that not more than one unit will be accepted in each of the subjects, Freehand Drawing, Mechanical Drawing, and Shop Work; not more than two units in Agriculture, and not less than two units in Stenography and Type- writing if that subject be offered. . Students who have not either completed the required Mathematics with a grade of Pass with Credit during the three years immediately pre ceding matriculation, or completed a four years' course in Mathematics with like standing immediately preceding matriculation, and those who do not hold High School Board or College Entrance Examination Board certificates of proper date in' the mathematical subjects required, must take entrance examinations in those subjects at the University. The certificate for either Higher Algebra or Solid Geometry must be dated within one year prior to admission to the UniversitY,and the other must be dated within two years of such time. No candidate will be admitted with less than fifteen units of the required grade. The Enrollment Committee may, however, authorize substitutions in the list of required subjects to the extent of one unit, in case the candidate did not have an opportunity to take all the required subjects. Certificates from the College Entrance Examination Board and from the State High School Board are accepted under either plan of admission as satisfying the scholarship requirement. . No new student will be admitted to the work of the second semeSter unless he brings from another college a certificate of advanced standing; showing his qualifications to continue the second semester's work. ;

1. ADMISSION TO THE FRESHMAN CLASS BY EXAMINATION

Entrance examinations are offered at the University during the opening week of the University year. Candidates must pass examina tions in all subjects specified above, except such as may be covered by College Entrance Examination Board or State High School Board certifi cates.

2. ADMISSION TO THE FRESHMAN CLASS BY CERTIFICATE

The following are admitted to the freshman class by certificate: (a) Graduates of a four-year course of a Minnesota State .High School or other accredited school in Minnesota, provideci they meet the general requirements stated above, and the following special requirementll as to grades. 18 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(1) The applicant for admission must present to the Registrar the principal's certificate containing his record on all the studies which were counted toward graduation. All records shall be entered on this cer tificate as passed, passed with credit, or passed with honor.* To facilitate the operation of this rule, each accredited school is expected to keep its record of standings in these three grades or else show by a printed statement in the record book and in the catalogue of the school, how the marks in use are to be translated into these grades. (2) Candidates for admission on certificate" must have an average record in the subjt;cts counted for admission of pass with credit. For the purpose of this average a pass is offset by a pass with honor. Can didates are therefore admitted provided they have at least as many semester marks of Pass with honor as they have semester marks of pass. Candidates entering on certificate shall.not be examined for admission on subjects which are lacking or below the required grade, except on presentation to the Enrollment Committee of satisfactory evidence that they have done adequate special work in preparation for the examination. A certificate from the principal of the last school attended, or other person approved by the Enrollment Committee, shall constitute satisfactory evidence; and adequate special preparation shall consist of not less than thirty 60-minute hours under competent instruction on each semester subject presented for examination. (See (c), last paragraph.) (b) Graduates of the Advanced Latin and Advanced English courses of the Minnesota State Normal Schools. (c) Graduates of a four-year course of a school in any other state which is accredited to the state university of that state, provided such candidates satisfy all the requirements as to major and minor series, subjects, and grades demanded of the graduates of Minnesota High Schools. (See 2 (a) above.) In case the records of any candidate from another state cannot be translated into the grades used in this state, the Enrollment Committee shall order examinations in English and also in three other subjects chosen from three different admission groups. The results of such exam inations shall be final. The examinations authorized under 2 (a) and 2 (c) shall be held at the same time and according to the same schedule as the regular en trance examinations mentioned under 1.

Admission Groups The term unit means not less than five recitations of forty minutes each per week for a period of thirty-six weeks. In manual subjects and kindred courses, it means the equivalent of ten recitation periods per week for thirty-six weeks.

*In per Cll1lt, theM three sradOl are to be Interpreted approsimately as follows: (1) In schoola haviq 65 as a pualna mark. p&sstd-65-75, puaed with credit-7S-90, passed with honDr"'9()..I00. (2) In school. havinll 75 as a pualna mark, P&SI~-75-80,passed with eredit-80-90. passed with h01lOl'-9()..I00. Af)},{/ssi6N

Group A: English English, three units (a) Principles of rhetoric (b) Practice in written expression in each of the years of the course. on an average of not less than one hour a week (c) Classics Group B: Foreign Languages Latin- French- Grammar. one unit Grammar, one unit . Caesar, four books, one unit Literature, one, two, or three Cicero, six orations, one unit units Virgil, six books, one unit Greek- Spanish- Grammar, one unit Grammar, one unit Anabasis, four books, one unit Literature, one, two, or three units German- Scandinavian Languages Grammar, one unit Grammar, one unit Literature, one, two, or three Literature, one, two, or three units units Group C: History and Social Sciences History- Ancient, to Charlemagne, one Commercial Geography, one-half unit or one unit Modern, from Charlemagne, History of Commerce, one-half one unit or one unit English, one-half unit Economic History of England. Senior American, one-half unit one-half unit American Government, one-half Economic History of the United or one unit States, one-half unit Elementary Economics, one-half unit Group D: Mathematics Elementary Algebra, one unit Solid Geometry, one-half unit Plane Geometry, one unit Trigonometry, one-half unit Higher Algebra, one-half unit Group E: Natural Sciences Physics, one unit Physiology, one-half unit Chemistry, one unit Astronomy, one-half unit Botany, one-half or one unit Geology, one-half unit Zoology, one-half or one unit Physiography, one-half unit Group F: Vocational Subjects Not to exceed three units may be offered from the following list of vocational subjects. Business Subjects- Business Law, one-half unit Advanced Bookkeeping, one unit- 20 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Business Arithmetic, one-half Stenography and Typewriting, unit two units Elementary Bookkeeping, one unit Manual Subjects- Freehand Drawing, one unit Shop Work, one unit Mechanical Drawing, one unit Modeling and Wood Carving, one unit Agriculture-- __ One to two units from schools receiving special state aid for Agri culture and also from other schools in which such course in Agriculture is approved by the State High School Board, as fast as the said schools are prepared to offer work in Agriculture.

MANUAL TRAINING

Credit in Shop Work and Drawing will be given for work in manual Jr!l~ning courses, or for practical experience; provided the applicant can give evidence of proficiency, and ability to pursue advanced work. The student must register for the regular work and at the same time make application to the department concerned for advanced credit.

DESCRIPTION OF SUBJECTS ACCEPTED FOR ADMISSION

A description of subjects accepted for admission to the University will be found in the Bulletin of General Information which will be sent to any address upon application to the Registrar, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

ADVANCED STANDING

The University may accept records from other colleges for credit to advanced standing. Such records are acceptable as far as they are equiv alent to the work done in this University and satisfactory to the depart ment concerned, but are subject to subsequent maintenance of standing. Certificates from other institutions must be on the official blanks of such institution and should show: 1. The subject studied and the ground covered. 2. The time spent upon each subject. 3. In case of laboratory subjects a concise statement of work done. 4. The result. Itis sufficient to state that the subject was creditably completed. - Students desiring advanced standing must present their applications and certificates to the Enrollment Committee for the approval of the departments conce~ed in the credit to be given. ADMISSION 21

UNCLASSED STUDENTS , . Unclassed students are permitted to pursue, under the direction of the Faculty, one or two lines of study, selected from some regular course. Such students must be of mature years, and present preparation sufficient to admit them to the freshman class. Persons of mature years who shall give satisfactory evidence of ability to do with credit the work applied for, may be admitted by vote of the Faculty.

REGISTRATION

Students having matriculated in previous years are required to indicate registration on proper blank not later than September 3d. Fees must be paid in full on or before September 10th. For the second semester, registration must be indicated on or before January 21st and fees must be paid on or before January 28th. A penalty fee of one dollar must be paid by all students who register or pay fees after the prescribed time. After the day previous to that on which classes begin the penalty for delay increases at the rate of twenty five cents per day. The Registrar will send proper blanks to all students who were in college the previous year, on or before August 20th. Stu dents who fail to receive blanks at that date should call for them. The registration of new students consists of three parts and should be carried out in the following order. 1st. Present credentials on proper blank to the Registrar. This should be done prior to August 1st. 2d. Pass such entrance examinations as may be required. 3d. Present registration blank, matriculation and address cards at the Registrar's office at the appointed time, and secure statement of fees. 4th. Pay the Cashier the amount indicated within the time set in the calendar. No one is recognized as a student of the College or admitted to classes, until his class cards, countersigned by the Registrar, have been received by the instructors; this applies to both semesters.

DEGREES

Students completing a course of study to the satisfaction of the Fac ulty of the College are entitled to receive a degree. Five-year courses of study leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Engineering and Architecture and to the degrees of Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, and Architectural Engineer and Architect are offered. The degree of Bachelor of Science in Engineering, or Architecture is conferred at the end of the fourth year. This college also offers work in the Graduate School leading to the Degree of Master of Science. Any person may undergo, at suitable times, examination in any subject, and if such person pass in all the studies and exercises of the ~~~ .. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~---

22 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING course, he is entitled to the appropriate degree; provided, however, that at least one full year must be spent at the University before such degree shall be granted; and provided the examination in every case be held before a committee of the Faculty appointed for that purpose.

THESES Every candidate for the degree of Engineer or Architect is re quired to prepare a thesis on some subject particularly relating to his course. The thesis must embody the result of original research made by the student himself and be creditable from a literary as well as from a technical point of view. Theses are to be written in a clear hand, or typewritten. The subject of the thesis is required to be reported to the head of the department in which the student is a candidate for a degree, and the work of prepara tion must be formally begun early in the year. During the second semester the student is expected to devote at least ten hours a week to the preparation of his thesis. The subject of the thesis and character of the work to be done will be suggested in a large measure by the course of study pursued by the student. Great emphasis is laid upon the careful and accurate prepara tion of the thesis, because, more than any other work the undergraduate does, this certifies to his ability to undertake the difficult and responsible duties .involved in the direction of engineering and industrial interests. The thesis must be completed and put into the hands of the Faculty not later than the Friday before Commencement week. The original drawings, tracings, negatives, etc., are to be placed in the college files. Clear prints therefrom are to accompany the manu script. The thesis shall be upon a good quality of paper, 8 ~ by 11 inches, with a margin 1~ inches at the left for binding and a margin of about 1y,; inches on the other sides; it shall be bound in black cloth and leather and deposited in the college library.

FACULTY REGULATIONS

Registration for Work.~Students will not receive credit for work done in classes for which they have not been registered. Examination for Credit.~Students who make up work out of class and wish to take examinations to gain credit in their University course, shall apply to the Faculty for permission to take the examinations. Reports.-At the end of each semester each student shall receive a mark in each subject for which he is registered. The several marks shall be as follows: A, pass with honor; B, pass with credit; P, pass; C, con ditioned; F, failed. Subjects to be Repeated.-Any student in the College of Engineering whose average for the year is below passing grade may be required on re-entering the University to pursue again all the subjects of the year in which he has not passed with credit. FA CULTY REGULATIONS 23

Conditions and Failures.-Students who receive a condition or failure in the work of either semester so as to make it impossible for them to continue the same line of work in the following semester, will not be allowed to elect an advanced subject in place of the one omitted, but may be required to devote their full time to the remaining subjects of the course. However, those students who attain an average grade of B in the remain ing subjects pursued may elect an advanced subject in the place of the .one omitted. No student will be allowed to omit any freshman work in order to make up entrance conditions. No student with an entrance condition will be allowed to register for any sophomore subject, nor will any student with a freshman con dition or failure be allowed to register for a junior subject, nor will any student with a sophomore condition or failure be allowed to register for any senior subject. A condition not made up before the subject is offered again becomes a failure subject to rules governing failures. Students conditioned in the work of the first semester are given an opportunity to remove their conditions after the Easter recess and at the beginning of the first semester of the following year. Students condi tioned in the work of the second semester are given an opportunity to remove their conditions at the beginning or end of the first semester of the following year a.t the date regularly set in the program for such examinations. No such subject which requires as a prerequisite work in which a student is conditioned, may be taken until the condition is re moved. If a student fails to remove a condition at the first examination, he will not be allowed to try the following examination, but shall be re quired to take the work over in class. Failures must be taken over again in class. Dropped from Rolls.-Any student receiving conditions or failures in more than fifty per cent of his work in the first semester shall be dropped from the rolls, and will not be allowed to re-enter the University until the opening of the following year. GENERAL INFORMATION

The annual incidental fee for students in this College, resident or non-resident, is fifty dollars ($50.00). It"includes all charges for matricu lation and laboratory or shop work courses. One-half the incidental fee is payable at the opening of each semester. In addition to the first semester incidental fee, a deposit fee of five dollars ($5.00) is required to cover the following items: Change of registration $2.50 Examination for removal of condition, at set time 1.00 per subject Rental of post-office box, University post-office .50 per year Locker rental .50 to 1.00 .. Penalties for late registration or late payment of fees. A penalty fee of one dollar must be paid by all students who register or pay fees after the prescribed time. (See calendar page 5.) After the day previous to that on which classes begin, the penalty for delay increases at the rate of twenty-five cents a day. The unused balance of the deposit fee will be returned at the end of the year. This fee is to be deposited with the University cashier at the beginning of each year when the student registers. If, at any time during the college year, the amount 'of charges against a student exceed the amount of the deposit, a second fee of five dollars ($5.00) will be required. The following special items may be included in the expenses of a student: Special examination for removal of condition, at other than the set time $5.00 Examination on subject taken out of class 5.00 No fee for such examinations on first entering the University, if taken within the first six weeks Military uniform, men, about 15.00

LIVING EXPENSES

Several years ago a number of young men kept careful account of their expenses for the University year. The result was that the expenses of the young men ranged from $217.00 to $397.00. The same students earned sums varying from $237.00 to $272.00. These figures do not in clude fees, and as the cost of living has increased decidedly, probably 25 per cent should be added to make them safe. Board ranges from $3.00 per week to as high as the student can afford to pay. In private families board ranges from $4.00 to $5.00. Furnished rooms vary in price from $8.00 to $20 per month.

I GENERAL INFORMATION 25 STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS

The Engineers' Society meets once in two weeks to listen to addresses by prominent engineers and to discuss various engineering topics. The Minnesota Engineer is published quarterly by this society. It is devoted to the publication of articles upon engineering subjects by students, professors, and others.

SCHOLARSHIPS

It is the policy of the University to establish scholarships in the different departments, where extra help is needed, under regulations some what as follows: 1. The appointments are made by the Executive Committee of the Board of Regents, upon the recom!Dendation of the department in which the appointment is desired after approval by the Faculty. 2. Recipients of scholarships may be either graduates or under graduate students. 3. The scholarships are not intended as gifts or benefactions from the State to the recipients, but as provisions under which services may be rendered the University. 4. It is understood that these services are of a nature which shall assist the holder of a scholarship to attain the mastery of some line of work in the department to which he is appointed.

THE MINNEAPOLIS STEEL AND MACHINERY COMPANY SCHOLARSHIP

Beginning with the College year 1912-13, the Minneapolis Steel and Machinery Company has created a scholarship of $500 to be expended upon work in the laboratories of the College by a graduate student. The subject upon which work will be carried on is to be determined by agree ment between the Company and the College of Engineering.

THE BRIGGS PRIZE IN FOUNDRY PRACTICE

For the encouragement of students in foundry practice, Mr. O. P. Briggs, Commissioner of the National Foundrymen's Association, Detroit, Mich., offers $75 annually, in two prizes, which are to be accom panied by gold medals. The competition is open to sophomores in the College of Engineering, and the prize will be awarded for the best essays relative to the above subject. No prize will be awarded if less than five essays are submitted in competition. Essays should contain about 3,000 words, and must be submitted to the Professor of Rhetoric on or before May 1st. 26 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

THE GEORGE C. ANDREWS PRIZE

Mr. George C. Andrews, M.E. '87, has offered an annual prize to the senior mechanical engineers for the best essay on any subject con nected with heating and ventilation. The first prize in this contest will consist of $50.00 in cash accompanied by a suitable medal; a second prize will also be given which will consist of $25.00 in cash accompanied by a medal. The winner of the first prize will be offered a position with the George C. Andrews Heating Company. BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT

The College of Engineering and the Mechanic Arts has full advantage of the resources of the University as a whole. In addition to the Uni versity library, laboratories, lecture rooms, and gymnasium, in which the students of this College have full privilege, four buildings are devoted to the work of the College. The Departments of Civil Engineering, ArcH tecture, Mathematics, and Drawing occupy the beautiful new Main Engineering Building completed in September, 1912. The Mechanical Engineering Department has an entire building devoted to its special work, and the Electrical Department, together with the University Light and Power Plant, occupies a third building. The new Experimental Building was completed and first occupied in September, 1911. This beautiful and useful building was erected at a cost approximating $125,000, and ranks as one of the most adequate buildings of its kind in the country. It will be devoted to the work of the Department of Experimental En gineering, which forms a part of all courses in this College. The main Engineering Building supersedes the old Mechanic Arts Building, so far as the Departments of Civil Engineering, Architecture, Mathematics, and Drawing are concerned. Architecturally it is a fine specimen of the Italian Renaissance, and forms one of the group of new buildings of the Cass Gilbert plans of the Greater Campus. In addition to many spacious, light, and well-ventilated recitation, lecture, and drafting rooms, it contains an auditorium with a seating capacity of four hundred persons, a central engineering library, special welfare rooms for the comfort and convenience of students and for the Engineering Society A shower bath room is provided for students who exert themselves in work or athletics. The administration offices will be in this building. For .information concerning the method of work and equipment of the College, the following condensed statements are offered.

LIBRARIES AND READING ROOMS

The new central engineering library will in J1 measure supersede the older scheme of departmental libraries. The new central library will be open from eight o'clock in the morning until ten o'clock at night, and will be under the care of a competent librarian. The library occupies a whole wing, 40x70 feet in ground plan, of the new Main Engineering Building. A basement will eventually be given over to book stacks with a capacity of 40,000 volumes. The main floor of the library is planned in accordance with the alcove system with a capacity of 10,000 books. It is lighted from side windows and from overhead as well. On the level of the second floor a balcony extends on all four sides of the room. Book space on the balcony is provided against the four outer walls. A reading ledge circles the balcony, and overlooks the main reading room.

The library will be supplied with technical books relating to all branches of engineering and to architecture. The reading room will be well supplied with the technical periodical literature of interest to students and. engineers. All graduates in engineering of the University, and all engineers of the State of Minnesota or elsewhere are invited to make free use of the library facilities. It is intended as an asset of the profession of engineering and architecture, as well as an instrument of the students and Faculty. Departmental libraries will be continued on a small scale, contain ing only such volumes as are urgently needed close at hand as reference books. In addition to the above are the libraries of the University, the city of Minneapolis, the city of St. Paul, and others, containing many works of value to the engineering profession. Standard works bearing on special subjects are purchased as they appear and the more important scientific and technical periodicals are secured and placed in the reading rooms maintained in connection with the several departments of the college. J6urnal clubs are organized, in most of the departments, for the discussion of current technical literature, relating to the best modern practice. The students are kept in touch with the developments along engineering lines and are taught how to use the technical press. In addition to the foregoing, the College has many periodicals donated by the societies publishing them, and others loaned by members of the Faculty, who place their periodicals and professional libraries at the dis position of the students.

THE UNIVERSITY LIGHT AND POWER PLANT

The light and power plant was designed for the purpose of instruction and also for furnishing electric light and power to the various buildings, shops, and laboratories of the University. The plant is characterized by the variety of its equipment, as well as by its value in developing power economically. The boiler plant contains a 130-h.p. Cahall (B. & W. type) water tube boiler designed to carry a working pressure of 250 pounds; a 60x16 foot multitubular boiler· which carries 175 pounds pressure; a Sorge Cochrane purifier of 3OO-h.p. capacity; and a large Sturtevant fan and direct-connected engine, to be used for overloads and for experiments with mechanical drafts. In addition to this apparatus a three-stage Foster super-heater has recently been installed. This is arranged to superheat simultaneously 3,500 pounds of steam at 175 pounds pressure to 80 degrees of superheat, an equal quantity of high pressure cylinder exhaust at 20 pounds pressure to 60 degrees, and 4,500 pounds turbine steam at 175 pounds pressure to 250 degrees of superheat. The piping from super-heater to the various engines has been designed to permit of great flexibility which affords a BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT 29

wide scope for experimental work, as well as allowing different methods in their operation best suited to the conditions. In the engine room there is an Allfree automatic expansion 7S-h.p. engine, connected by belting to a jack shaft equipped with roller bear ings. There is also a lSO-h.p. cross-compound Corliss engine especially designed for the Mechanical Engineering Department. This engine is provided with a Wheeler surface-condenser, and is arranged so that it may be run simple or compound, condensing or non-condensing, as desired. It thus constitutes a valuable part of the equipment for experimental work. The engine room also contains a lSO-h.p. DeLaval steam turbine direct connected to 100 kw. electric generator. This steam turbine is equipped with a double. set of nozzles and is connected with a jet con denser, so that it may be run condensing or non-condensing as desired. A 100-h.p. gas producer located in an annex to the boiler room has recently been installed and furnishes gas for the operation of a 6S-h.p. Munzell two-cylinder gas engine direct connected to a 3S-kw. generator. The University electric light and power circuits are maintained at 114 and 228 volts, the principal supply being direct current from the University plant, supplemented by alternating current from transformers connected with the circuits of the Minneapolis General Electric Company. Equality of pressure on the two sides of the system is maintained inde pendently or jointly by the various supply units, including: a twin Sprague l2S-l2S.volt 100-kilowatt turbo-generator, a Westinghouse 2S0-volt 40-kilowatt belt-driven generator with auxiliary slip rings and balancing coils, a pair of Electric Machinery 12S-volt 40-kilowatt belt-driven gener ators, a 2S0-volt 30-kilowatt Electric Machinery generator directly con nected to a gas engine and having a motor-generator balancing set, a double 320-ampere hour chloride storage battery with end cells and motor-driven double booster set, and two 30-kilowatt 2300 230-llS-volt transformers. Two switchboards of six and seven panels respectively provide for convenient control of the various supply and distributing circuits.

CIVIL ENGINEERING

Municipal and Sanitary Engineering For this work is provided the usual equipment for giving instruction in classroom, laboratory, and field, including a collection of drawings, photographs, and models. The Engineering Department of the State Board of Health furnishes records of existing practice in Minnesota, thus providing a means of comparing progress in Minnesota and elsewhere; facilities are also offered for the prosecution of experimental work in san itary lines under the direction of this board. Arrangements have been ·tnadewith the Engineering Department of the State Highway Commission fOr cocoperative work. -"The special·course in 'Municipal Engineering now offered has been :ieplil::ed'Byra sequence in optional subjects in the new five-year course. c------.~--..-----

30 COLLEGE OF ENGINEER.ING

Railway Engineering The aim of this work is to give the student a thorough working knowledge of railroad practice, especial emphasis being laid upon the execution of practical problems, both in the field and drafting room. The department is fully equipped with the instruments necessary for carrying on an extended railroad survey.

Structural Engineering This is assisted by a collection of drawings of representative struc tures; photographs of prominent bridges, buildings, and roofs, in this coun try and abroad; a well-selected library of the best books and specifica tions upon structural engineering; slide rules and calculating instruments for rapid and accurate computations; and such other instruments as will facilitate the work of design. Laboratories.-Students in Civil Engineering have access to the lab oratories and shops of the several departments in which their work lies. The new Experimental Engineering Building offers excellent facilities for experimental work with cement and its products. In this connection there is a large Olsen testing machine of two hundred thousand pounds capacity, with automatic and autographic attachments, extension head for columns ten feet long, and transverse arms for twenty-foot beams. Additional space and equipment are provided for experimental and re search work. Library.-The Civil Engineering library has been merged in the general library of the College and does not exist as a separate depart mental library. Inspection Tours.-The professional work in Civil Engineering is illustrated in a practical manner by frequent class visits to the many. engineering works and plants in the vicinity of Minneapolis and St. Paul.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

The plan of instruction in this course is intended to give the student a thorough training in mathematics and the physical sciences, and in the fundamental principles of engineering. The work is planned to make bim familiar with the various applica tions of these principles, and with the practical details of machine con struction and design. In the machine shops a three-ton crane, with a clear span of twelve feet, runs the entire length of the shop, thus giving amplespace for erect ing. This crane also serves some of the larger machine tools. The foundry has been the subject of especial study and possesses many features of interest and value. In accordance with the best mod ern practice for light work the floor is of concrete, and the gangways, leading from the cupola and extending lengthwise of the room, are of heavy iron plates set in cement. BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT 31

A light traveling crane is also provided for the foundry. This has a span of eighteen feet, and runs the entire length of the room. The lighting, heating, and ventilation of the building have received careful consideration. In the machine and pattern shops sixty per cent of the wall space above the benches is glass. In the foundry and forge shop less light is allowed, since an abundant supply of overhead light is obtained from windows placed in the lantern ventilator which ex tends over the roof. Pipe coils are employed in heating the building and these are placed partly on the side walls under the windows and partly overhead. Electric power is used for driving the machinery. The group system has been selected as the best adapted to the conditions, and a number of small motors are placed in the several departments; 220 volt continuous current motors are employed in connection with a three wire system of distribution, which is also used in the lighting circuit. The machine shop contains representatives of the ordinary machine tools, gauges, andsmall tools usuallyfoundina well-equipped modern plant. The shop for pattern making and general wood work contains benches with vises and tools, lathes and lathe tools, an improved universal sawing machine, band saws, planer, jointer and other power tools, and all hand tools used in carpentry and pattern making. The forge shop is equipped with stationary and portable forges, a blower and exhaust fan arranged on the down-draft system, a one-hundred pound drop hammer, and the necessary small tools used in blacksmithing. The foundry contains a thirty-inch Whiting cupola, and two brass furnaces, which embody some novel features. There are two core ovens; one for ordinary work 3 ~x3 ~xS feet, and one 3%x7x6 feet for special cores which may be required. The feature of these core ovens is that the gases and products of combustion are caused to traverse suitable conduits under a plate floor and do not come into direct contact with the cores. The usual moulding tools, ladles, crucibles, and all of the tools and materials needed in moulding and casting iron, brass, or white metal are provided. The shop work is intended, not so much to give the student skill in the manual operations of the respective crafts, as a knowledge of the methods and processes of practical construction. The new engineering power plant is admirably equipped with appa ratus which constitutes a valuable part of the equipment. The departmental library contains such books as are needed close at hand. The general library of the College contains a collection of his toric and recent works, the best &tandard books being purchased as soon as issued. There are a number of complete files of the transactions of engineering societies and of the leading technical publications. The library is amply supplied with both general mechanical and railway press. Railway Mechanual Engineering.-Courses have been arranged for students wishing to specialize in this subject. The various courses may be elected separately, subject to the requirements for previous prepara tion, to fill out the electives or options in the post senior year of any department. 32 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Students planning to elect these courses are encouraged to work, under special arrangements, in railway shops during the summer vacations. This has proved its value as preparatory to the special work of the senior year. In every possible way the methods of the department are intended to place the students in touch with the best railway work, keeping always in sight the limitations which railway experience has found financially and practically to exist. The location of the University is particularly favorable, being between the cities of St. Paul and Minneapolis in proximity to the shops, yards. and headquarters of the extensive railway systems of the Northwest, which offer exceptional facilities for the prosecution of this work. Visits of Inspection.-During the year numerous visits are made to the manufacturing plants of St. Paul and Minneapolis, which have proved to be of great value in supplementing the classroom work.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

The Electrical Engineering Department and the University Electric Light and Power Plant are housed in a brick building of slow-burning mill construction. The part of the building devoted exclusively to the work of electrical instruction is 80 feet long by 60 feet wide with two stories and basement. In the basement are electro-chemical laboratory, research rooms, shop, battery room, toilet and stock rooms. On the first floor are the dynamo laboratory, instrument rooms, and offices. On the second floor are laboratories for photometry, photography, meter and lamp testing; and rooms for recitations, drafting, library. and office. The laboratory equipment includes about forty' dynamo electric machines ofvarioustypes and sizes for direct and alternating currents, such as constant potential and constant purrent, direct current generators and motors, single phase and polyphase alternators, commutating, induc tion, and synchronous motors and rotary converters, each furnished with suitable regulating devices. A number of these machines have been equipped with special devices for experimental purposes. Lamps, rheo stats, batteries, and brakes afford convenient and ample means for taking up the energy of dynamos and motors. To facilitate testing, .there are a number of pairs of similar machines. A three-ton traveling crane facili tates handling the machines. Power is obtainable from a main shaft driven by the engines of the lighting plant, or by motors connected with the University power circuits, with a s~orage battery or .with the circuits of the Minneapolis General Electric Company, which supplies direct cur rent at 500 volts and alternating current at 115-230 volts. An excellent assortment of instruments of well-known Atilerlcan and" foreign makers is available for laboratory use. A well-equipped standardizing laboratory furnished with certified standards for current, electr()motive force and resistance, allows the frequent checking of instruments, so that students may work to any desired degree of refinement. The meter and lamp testing laboratories are furnished with a variety of arc and incandescent BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT 33 lamps and meters with necessary standards and other accessories. The electro-chemical laboratory provides facilities for the construction and testing of various cells, for electro-plating and other electrolytic processes. Alternators, rotary converters, transformers, lamps, condensers, oscil lographs, special apparatus and suitable instruments afford facilities for the experimental study of alternating currents. Telephone transmitters, receivers, and accessories provide for practice in assembling and testing the ordinary telephonic apparatus and circuits and for investigation. There is a variety of apparatus for special investigations. An electric car contributed by the Minneapolis Street Railway Company will be installed o'ver a suitable testing pit and will provide facilities for in vestigating and demonstrating certain traction problems. This car is the beginning of an electric railway museum. The departmental library consists of such reference books as are needed close at hand. The engineering library of the College contains a large collection of books pertaining to all branches of engineering, includ ing an excellent collection of electrical and allied works, a full set of United States Patent Office Gazettes and a partial set of the Specifications. New books and trade publications are being added continually. Files of twenty-two journals are nearly completed and others are being col lected and bound. These, with the files in the general library of the Uni versity, offer excellent facilities for research work. Free access is given to the,private libraries and collections of the professors. The reading room of the General Engineering Library receives regularly the leading American and foreign periodicals devoted to electrical engineering and allied interests. A journal club meets for the discussion of current literature in mechanical and electrical engineering, keeping the students in touch with current progress and best modern practice, and teaching them the value of the technical press. The department museum contains a valuable and growing collection of historical electrical machines, instruments, lamps, wiring, and other devices showing important steps in the development of modern practice. The collection of samples furnished by various manufacturers and dealers is a great help in exhibiting best modern practice and in teaching young engineers to appreciate the merits of different products. Samples from repair shops and elsewhere are of special value in illustrating the trea~ ment received by apparatus in commercial use and the necessity of careful design and construction. The course of instruction aims to give the students a knowledge of phenomena and principles and the various applications of electricity, the methods and instruments used in measuring and transforming it, and practice in the design and operation of electrical apparatus. Practice and theory are taken together as far as possible. During the senior and post senior years, students have daily work with electrical instruments and apparatus, and with commercial problems. Occasional inspection tours among the extensive and varied electrical interests in Minneapolis and St. Paul furnish excellent illustration. The plants of the Minneapolis General Electric Company, the St. 34 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Paul Gas Light Company, and the Twin City Rapid Transit Company, with transmission lines at 13,200, 25,000, and 50,000 volts, offer instructive illustrations of early and recent prac.tice in transmission and distribution, while the plants of the Northwestern Telephone Exchange Company and of the Tri-State Telephone Company are available for observationoftele phonic practice. The University Electric Light and Power Plant, which isin the same building, affords opportunity to observe commercial conditions at close range. All students in Electrical Engineering are strongly advised to spend their vacations in factories, repair shops, electric light and railway sta tions, etc., in order to obtain commercial experience, and to appreciate better the relation existing between technical training and practical work. It is the aim to train the students to be independent and efficient workers, and to adopt the methods of professional engineers. Students are required to verify the formulas used in various calculations, and are encouraged to derive their own formulas for simplifying work in special cases. At the same time they are expected to use logarithms, slide rules, tables, curves, charts, and all legitimate means for obtaining accurate results with the least amount of drudgery. The regular instructing force is supplemented by competent non resident lecturers. In the more advanced laboratory work students are encouraged to determine for themselves as independent workers the best methods and conditions for accurate results. While the laboratory work is classified, the students are treated individually and are advanced as rapidly as their attainments warrant. • In fitting up the laboratory, care is taken to secure representative types of apparatus of commercial style, in order to acquaint the students with actual practice. In putting up new lines and in setting up apparatus, the students are required to work in accordance with standard practice. Each student is given a certain amount of practice in the construction of electrical apparatus. The electrical engineers have drawing and machine design in com mon with the mechanical engineers for the first four years. During the post-senior year direct and alternating current generators and motors, transformers, switch-boards, transmission lines, and electric light plants are designed. Complete working drawings and specifications must ac company some of the special problems elaborated. A large number of blue-prints, drawings, and specifications in the department library in addition to those in other departments are available.

EXPERIMENTAL ENGINEERING

The new Experimental Building w.as completed in September, 1911 It is of reinforced concrete, brick, stone,and steel construction,and has over 32,000 square feet of floor space. It is among the most modern and up to-date engineering laboratories in the United States. BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT 35

The main laboratory room is approximately 57 feet wide and 227 feet long, well-lighted both from the sides and overhead, and traversed for its full length by a traveling crane of ten tons capacity. Along the west side of the room a balcony extends the full length of the building with drafting and computing rooms and a museum opening from it. Located on the main floor, in addition to the large laboratory room, is a lecture room, an instrument room, a mechanician's shop, and the departmental offices. In the well-lighted basement are rooms for cement and concrete testing, for experiments on road materials, and for special tests. The equipment in part is as follows: three Universal testing machines of 50,000, 100,000 and 200,000 pounds capacity; several trans verse and torsion testing machines for determining the strength, elasticity, ductility, and other characteristics of the various materials used in engi neering work; apparatus for tests of concrete, cement, and road mate rials; several forms of absorption and transmission dynamometers for determining the power generated by engines or other motors, or absorbed by shafting or machinery; coal and gas calorimeters for determining the heat values of fuels; apparatus for the analysis of flue gases; ma chines for determining the lubricating qualities of oils, and the relative values of metals used for journals and bearings. A 150 horse power Stirling boiler, designed for a maximum pressure of 250 pounds, and operated by induced draft furnished by a No.6 Sirocco fan, is equipped with a Cochrane feed-water heater and purifier, Blake Pot Valve feed pump and the necessary gauges, calorimeters, tanks, scales, and pyrometers. It forms a thoroughly up-to-date experimental plant. Special attention has been given to the design of the steam and hydraulic piping, the high pressure steam piping being extra heavy with Van Stone joints used throughout. The laboratory also contains various types of steam engines equipped with condensers, indicators, brakes, scales, and thermometers to determine the efficiency in the use of steam under various conditions, and for valve setting and indicator work; several gas and gasoline engines; pulsometers, injectors, steam and power pumps; several types of impulse wheels, hydraulic rams; hy draulic tank, weirs, nozzles, meters; steam driven air compressor, air tools, drills and apparatus; refrigerating machinery, with arctic room. Some commercial testing is done in connection with the regular work of instruction. This brings the student into actual contact with the en gineering world and affords him valuable experience and data for his future work. r------~------~-

COURSES OF STUDY

CIVIL, MECHANICAL, AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE*

FRESHMAN YEAR Fi,st Semester Mathematics 1. Algebra and Trigonometry. five credits. Messrs. Holman and Priester Rhetoric 15. Rhetoric and Composition, four credits. Messrs. Nichols and Powell Drawing 1. Freehand, two credits. Mr. Kirchner and Assistants Drawing 3, Descriptive Geometry. two credits. Mr. Kirchner Mechanical Engineering 1. Carpentry and Pattern Making, three credits. Messrs. Shipley, Richards. and Ubrich French 1 or 3, three credits, Mr. Benton and Assistants or German 1 or 4, three credits. Mr. Moore and Assistants or Spanish 11. three credits, Mr. Melom Military Drill 1. three credits. Mr. Woolnough Seco..d Semester Mathematics 2, Trigonometry and Analytical Geometry. five credits. Messrs. Holman and Priester Rhetoric 15. Rhetoric and Composition. four credits, Messrs. Nichols and Powell Drawing 2. Mechanical, two credits. Mr. French ' Drawing 4. Descriptive Geometry, two credits. Mr. Kirchner Mechanical Engineering I, 2, Pattern Making and Blacksmithing. three credits, Messrs. Shipley. Richards. and Quigley French 1 or 3, three credits. Mr. Benton and Assistants or German lor 4, three credits. Mr. Moore and Assistants or Spanish 11, three credits, Mr. Melom Military Drill I, three credits. Mr, Woolnough

CIVIL ENGINEERING

SOPHOMORE YEAR Fi,st Semester Mathematics 3. Analytical Geometry. four credits, Messrs. D"laker. Holman. and Priester Physics 5, Mechanics of Solids and Fluids, four credits. Mr. Zeleny and Assistants Chemistry 3. Qualitative Analysis. three credits. Messrs. Nicholson and Bliss Drawing 5. Drafting. three credits. Messrs. Kirchner and French Geology I, three credits. Mr. Sardeson . French 2 or S. three credits. Mr. Benton and Assistants or German 3 or 7, three credits. Mr. Moore and Assistants or Spanish 12, three credits. Mr. Melom Military Drill 1. three credits, Mr. Woolnough *The work in Architecture in the freshman year is the same as the work for fresh men of the Engineering courses, except that Shop Work, Mechanical Engineering 1, is replaced by Architecture 1. which is rendering in pencil. ink. ana color. This subject gives three credits. th~ same as the Shop Work.

36 COURSES OF STUDY 37

Second Semester Mathematics 4, Calculus, four credits, Messrs. Dalaker, Holman, and Priester Physics 6, Heat, Magnetism, and Electrostatics. four credits, Mr. Zeleny and Assistants Chemistry 3. QualitatIve Analysis, three credits, Messrs. Nicholson and Bliss Drawing 6, Drafting, three credits. Messrs. KIrchner and French Civil Engineering I, Surveying, three credits, Mr. Cutler and Assistants French 2 or 5, three credits, Mr. Benton and Assistants or German 3 or 7, three credits, Mr. Moore and Assistants or Spanish 12. three credits, Mr. Melom Military Drill I, three credits, Mr. Woolnough

JUNIOR YEAR F;rst Semester Mathematics and Mechanics 5, Calculus and Mechanics, three credits, Messrs. Newkirk and Dalaker Physics 7, Electrokinetics, four credits, Mr. Zeleny and Assistants Chemistry 4. Quantitative Analysis, three cred;ts, Mr. Sidener Civil Engineenng 2, Surveying, three credits, Mr. Cutler Economics I, Elements of Economics, three credits, Messrs. Robinson, Mitchell, and Ebersole Drawing 7, Elements of Architecture, three credits, Mr. Kirchner

Second Semester Mathematics and Mechanics 6, Analytical Mechanics, three credits, Messrs. Newkirk . and Dalaker Physics 8, Sound and Light, four credits, Mr. Zeleny and Assistants Civil Engineering 3, Surveying, three credits, Mr. Cutler Astronomy I, Elements of Astronomy, three credits, Mr.. Leavenworth Economics 7a, Economics of Transportation, three credits, Mr. Weld Civil Engineering 14, Highways and Pavements, three credits, Mr. Bass Civil Engineering 4, Summer Camp. Four to six weeks, at close of junior year. Re quired. Messrs. Cutler and Zeiner.

SENIOR YEAR

F;rs' Semes'er Mathematics and Mechanics 7, Strength and Resistance of Materials, four credIts, Messrs. Brooke and Newkirk Civil Engineering 20, Stresses, three credits, Messrs. Constant and Parcel Civii Engineering 6, Railway Engineering, two credits, Mr. Cutler Civil Engineering 21, Elementary Structural Design, three credits, Mr. Constant Political Science 16, American Government, two credits, Messrs. Schaper and Young Experimental Engineering I, Materials Testing, two credits, Messrs. Kavanaugh, Shoop, and McMillan Elective, as approved, three credits Second Semes'er Mathematics and Mechanics 8, Hydraulics, four credits, Messrs. Brooke and Newkirk Civil Engineering 22, Stresses, three credits, Mr. Parcel Civil Engineering 7. Railway Engineering, three credits, Mr. Cutler Political Science 6, Engineering Law, two credits, Mr. Young Experimental Engineering 3, Hydraulic Laboratory, three credits, Messrs. Kavanaugh, Shoop, and McMillan Civil Engineering 10, Hydraulic Engineering, three credits, Mr. Bass 38 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

POST SENIOR

Firsl Semesler

Civil Engineering 23, Structural Design, five credits, Messrs. Constant and Parcel Civil Engineering 26, Masonry, five credits, Mr. Parcel Electrical Engineering 4, Electric Power, three credits, Mr. Ryan Experimental Engineering 8, Laboratory, three credits, Messrs. Kavanaugh, Shoop, and McMillan or Civil Engineering 8, Railway Engineering, three cred;ts, Mr. Cutler or Civil Engineering 11, Hydraulic Engineering, four credits, Mr. Bass Thesis, three credits

Second Semesler Civil Engineering 12, Sanitary Engineering, two credits, Mr. Bass Civil Engineering, Thesis, five credits Electives, to be approved . Civil Engineering 24, Structural Design, five credits, Messrs. Constant and parcel Civil Engineering 25, Swing Bridges, four credits, Mr. Constant Civil Engineering 27, Reinforced Concrete, three credIts, Mr. Constant Civil Engineering 9, Railway Engineering, three credIts, Mr. Cutler Economics 7b, Railway Administration, three credits, Mr. Weld Civil Engineering 13, Municipal Engineering, five credIts, Mr. Bass Chemistry 14, Water Analysis, three credits, Mr. Frankforter Pathology and Bacteriology I, Bacteriology. five credits, Mr. Wesbrook and Assistants Civil Engineering IS, Rivers, Harbors, and Canals, two credits. Mr. Shenehon Civil Engineering 5, Goedesy, three credits, Mr. Zeiner Required: Nineteen or twenty credits to consist of the prescribed courses, a selected group and approved electives.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING For freshman year, see page 36.

SOPHOMORE YEAR

Firsl Semester Mathematics and Mechanics 3, Analytical Geometry, four credits, Messrs. Dalaker. Hol- man, and Priester Physics 5, Mechanics of Solids and Fluids, four credits, Mr. J. Zeleny and Assistants Chemistry 3, Qualitative Analysis, three credits, Messrs. Nicholson and Bliss Drawing 5, Drafting, three credits, Messrs. Kirchner and Rowley French 2 or 5. three credits, Mr. Benton and Assistants or German 3 or 7, three credits, Mr. Moore and Assistants or Spanish 12, three credits. Mr. Melom Mechanical Engineering 3. 4, Foundry Practice; or Machine and Bench Work, "'ree credits, Messrs. Shipley, Martin, and Peterson Military Drill I, three credits, Mr.' Woolnough

SIC01Id Semesler Mathematics and Mechanics 4, Calculus, four credits, Messrs. Dalaker. Holman. and Priester Physics 6, Heat, Magnetism. and Electrostatics, four credits. Mr. J. Zeleny and Assistants COURSES OF STUDY 39

Chemistry 3, Qualitative Analysis, three credits, Messrs. Nicholson and Bliss Drawing 6, Drafting, three credits, Messrs. Kirchner and Rowley Prench 2 or 5, three credits, Mr. Benton and Assistants or German 3 or 7, three credits, Mr. Moore and Assistants or Spanish 12, three credits, Mr. Melom Mechanical Engineering 3, 4, Poundry Practice; or Machine and Bench Work, three credits Messrs. Shipley, Martin, and Peterson Military Drill I, three credits, Mr. Woolnough

JUNIOR Y1j:AR

Firsl S.m.sler Mathematics and Mechanics 5, Calculus and Mechanics, three credits, Messrs. Newkirk and Dalaker Physics 7, Electrokinetics, four credits, Mr. J. Zeleny and Assistants Chemistry 4, Quantitative Analysis, three credits, Mr. Sidener Economics I, Elements, three credits, Messrs. Robinson, Mitchell, and Ebersole Mechanical Engineering 11, Mechanism, three credits, Mr. Martenis Mechanical Engineering 5, Tool Construction, four credits, Mr. Shipley

Seco"d S.mesler Mathematics and Mechanics 6, Analytical Mechanics, three credits, Messrs. Newkirk and Dalaker Physics 8, Sound and Light, four credits, Mr. J. Zeleny and Assistants Chemistry 19, Gas and Coal, three credits, Mr. Harding Economics 7a, Economics of Transportation, three credits, Mr. Weld Mechanical Engineering 12, Kinematics, three credits, Mr. Martenis Mechanical Engineering 6, Machine CWlstruction, four credits, Mr. Shipley

SENIOR YEAR

Firsl S.mesler Mathematics and Mechanics 7, Strength and Resistance of Materials, four credits, Messrs. Brooke and Newkirk Experimental Engineering I, Materials Testing, two cred.ts, Messrs. Kavanaugh, Shoop, ap.dMcMiIlan Political Science 16, American Government, two credits, Messrs. Schaper and Young Civil Engineering 20, Stresses, three credits, Messrs. Constant and Parcel Mechanical Engineering 13, Machine Design, five credits, Messrs. Plather and MartenlS Mechanical Engineermg 19, Steam Boilers, one credit, Mr. Martin Electrical Engineering 5, Electric Power, three credits, Mr. Ryan

Second S.mesler Mathematics and Mechanics 8, Hydraulics and Pumping Machinery, four credits, Messrs. Brooke and Newkirk Experimental Engineering 4, Laboratory, three credits, Messrs. Kavanaugh, Shoop, and McMillan Political Science 6, Engineering Law, two credits, Mr. Young Mechanical Engineering 20, Steam Engine, three credits, Mr. Plather Mechanical Engineering 14, Machine Des.gn, three credits, Messrs. Flather and Martenis Mechanical Engineering 21, Gas Engines, two credits, Mr. Martin Electrical Engineering 5, Electric Power, three credits, Mr. Ryan

POST SENIOR YEAR

Firsl S.mesler Mathematics and Mechanics 9, Thermodynamics, three credits. Mr. Brooke Experimental Engineering 6, Laboratory, three credits, Mr. Kavanaugh 40 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Mechanical Engineering 22a, Measurement of Power, two credits, Mr. Flather Mechanical Engineering 15, Machine Design, four credits, Messrs. Flather and Martin or Mechanical Engineering 25, Railway Design, four credits, Messrs. Flather and Martenis Mechanical Engineering 23, Heating and Ventilation, three credits, Mr. Martenis or Mechanical Engineering 24, Railway Technology, two credits, Messrs. Martenis and Martin Mechanical Engineering, Elective, two credits or Electrical Engineering, Practice, two credits Elective, three credits

Second Semester

Mathematics and Mechanics 10, II, Turbines, four credits, Mr. Brooke { Mechanical Engineenng 28, Specifications, one credit, Mr. Flather or Economics 7b, Railway Administration, three credits, Mr. Weld { Mechani~al Engineering 26, Locomotive Construction, two credits, Mr. Flather MechanIcal Engineering 16, Machine Design, four credits, Messrs. Flather and Martin or Mechanical Engineering 25, Railway Design, four credits, Messrs. Flather and Martenis Mechanical Engineering 22b, Measurement of Power, two credits, Mr. Flather or Mechanical Engineering 27, Locomotive Testing, two credits, Mr. Flather Experimental Engineering 9, Gas Engine, three credits, Mr. Kavanaugh Mechanical Engineering, thesis, three credits Elective, two or three credits

COURSE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

For freshman year, see page 36.

SOPHOMORE YEAR

First Semester

Mathematics and Mechanics 3, Analytical Geometry, four cred.ts, Messrs. Dalaker, Hol- man, and Priester Physics 5, Mechanics of Solids and Fluids, four creaits, Mr. J. Zeleny and Assistants Chemistry 3, Qualitative Analysis, three credits, Messrs. Nicholson and Bliss Drawing 5, Drafting, three credits, Messrs. Kirchner and Rowley French 2 or 5, three credits, Mr. Benton and Assistants or German 3 or. 7, three credits, Mr. Moore and Assistants or Spanish 12. three credits, Mr. Melom Mechanical Engineering 3,4, Foundry Practice; or Machine and Bench Work, three credits, Messrs. Shipley, Martin, and Peterson Military Dri11 I, three credits, Mr. Woolnough

Second Semester

Mathematics and Mechanica 4, Calculus, four credits, Messrs. Dalaker, Holman, and Priester Physics 6, Heat, Magnetism, and Electrostatics, four credits, Mr. J. Zeleny and Assistants Chemistry 3, Qualitative Analysis, three credits, MessrS. Nicholson and Bliss Drawing 6, Drafting, three credits, Messrs. Kirchner and Rowley COURSES OF STUDY 41 II French 2 or 5, three credits, Mr. Benton and Assistants or German 3 or 7, three credits, Mr. Moore and AssIstants or Spanish 12, three credits, Mr. Melom Mechanical Engineering 3. 4, Foundry Practice; or Machine and Bench Work, three credits. Mr. ShipleY Military Drill I, three credits, Mr. Woolnough

JUNIOR YEAR

First Semester Mathematics and Mechamcs 5, Calculus and Mechanics, three credits, Messrs. Newkirk and Dalaker Physics 7, Electrokinetics, four credits. Mr. J. Zeleny and Assistants Mechanical Engineering 11, Mechanism, three credits, Mr. Martenis Economics I, Elements, three credits, Messrs. Robinson, Mitchell, and Ebersole Chemistry 4, Ouantitative Analysis, three credits, Mr. Sidener Mechanical Engineering 5, Tool Construction, four credits, Mr. Shipley

Second Semester Mathematics and Mechanics 6, Analytical Mechanics, three credits, Messrs. Newkirk and Dalaker Physics 8, Sound and Light, four credits, Mr. J. Zeleny and Assistants Physics 9, Advanced Electrical Measurements, one credit, Mr. A. Zeleny Mechanical Engineering 12, Kinematics, three credits, Mr. Martenis Economics 7a, Economics of Transportation, three credits, Mr. Weld Electrical Engineering I, Applied Electricity, three credits, Mr. Shepardson Mechanical Engineering 6, Machine ConstructIOn, four credits, Mr. Shipley

SENIOR YEAR

First Semester Mathematics and Mechanics 7, Strength and Resistance of Materials, four credits, Messrs. Brooke and Newkirk Political Science 16, American Government, two credits, Messrs. Schaper and Young Electrical Engineering 2, Electrical Machinery, three credits, Mr. Springer Electrical Engineering 17, Laboratory, three credits, Mr. Springer Experimental Engineering I, Materials Testing, two credits, Messrs. Kavanaugh, Shoop. and McMillan Mechanical Engineering 13, Machine Design. five credits, Me~srs. Flather and Martenis Mechanical Engineering 19, Steam Boilers, one credit, Mr. Martenis

Second Semester Mathematics and Mechanics 8, Hydraulics and Pumping Machinery, four credits, Messrs. Brooke and Newkirk Political Science 6, Engineering Law, two credits, Mr. Young Civil Engineering 20, Stresses, three cred;ts, Messrs. Constant and Parcel Mechanical Engineering 20, Steam Engine, three credits, Mr. Flather Electrical Engineering 2, Electrical Machinery, three credits, Mr. Springer Electrical Engineering 17, Laboratory, three credits, Mr. Springer Experimental Engineering 2, Steam Laboratory, two credits, Messrs. Kavanaugh, Shoop, and McMillan

POST SENIOR YEAR

First Semester 1i:lectrical Engineering 6, Alternating Currents, two credits, Mr. Shepardson Mathematics and Mechanics 9, Thermodynamics, three credits, Mr. Brooke 42 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Electrical Engineering 7, 8 or 9, Practice, two credits, Messrs. Shepardson and Ryan Electrical Engineering 18, Laboratory, three credits, Mr. Springer Electrical Engineering 14, Design, three credits, Mr. Ryan Experimental Engineering 7, Laboratory, two credits, Mr. Kavanaugh Electrical Engineering, thesis, two credits, Mr. Shepardson Elective. three credits Second Semesler Electrical Engineering 6, Alternating Currents, three credits, Mr. Shepardson Electrical Engineering 8, 10.11 or 12, Practice. three credits, Messrs. Shepardson, Springer, and Ryan Electrical Engineering 18, Laboratory, three credits, Mr. Springer Electrical Engineering 15, Design, three credits, Mr. Ryan Electrical Engineering 12, Telephony. two credits, Mr. Shepardson or Mathematics and Mechanics 10, Water Turbines, two credits, Mr. Brooke Electrical Engineer'nt!, Thesis, three credits, Mr. Shepardson Elective, three credits Students desiring to specialize in Electro-Chemistry will be allowed to make certam substitutions in the senior and post senior years by approval of the Faculty. DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENTS

ARCHITECTURE

WILLIAM H. KIRCHNER, B.S., Professor, Head of Department of Drawing and Descriptive Geometry 209 Main Engineering Building EDWIN H. HEWITT, Lecturer in Architecture

1. Drawing and Rendering Mr. KIRCHNER and ASSISTANTS Six credits (six hours per week); first and second semesters. Re quired of all freshmen. Drawing in outline; drawing from small casts; tracing and sketching; water colors.

2. Architectural Drawing Mr. KIRCHNER and ASSISTANTS Two credits (four hours per week); second semester. Required of all freshmen. Drawing and rendering of plans. elevations, sections, and details; measured drawings.

ASTRONOMY

FRANCIS P. LEAVENWORTH, M.A., Professor, Head of the Department of Astronomy Observatory or 123 Folwell Hall

1. General Astronomy Mr. LEAVENWORTH Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Required of juniors, C. E. Course. Preparation: Course Mathematics 4. A study of the general principles of Astronomy, illustrated by lantern slides and telescopic observations. Lectures, recitations, problems in practical astronomy.

CHEMISTRY

GEORGE B. FRANKFORTER, M.A., Ph.D., Professor, Head of Department of Chemistry 114 Chemistry Building CHARLES F. SIDENER, B.S., Professor of Chemistry 203 Chemistry Building EVERHART P. HARDING, M.S., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Chemistry 209 Chemistry Building EDWARD E. NICHOLSON, M.A., Assistant Professor of Chemistry 104 Chemistry Building FRANK W. BLISS, M.S., Instructor in Chemistry 205 Chemistry Building. EARL PETTIJOHN, B.S. in Chemistry, Instructor in Chemistry 216 Chemistry Building WOLDEMAR M. STERNBERG, B.S. in Chemistry, Instructor in Chemistry 205 Chemistry Building

3. Qualitative Analysis Messrs. NICHOLSON and BLISS Six credits (six hours per week); first and second semesters. Re- quired of all sophomores. The course includes general reactions of the metals and their qualitative separation; reaction and identification of acids, followed by practical problems in qualitative analysis. Lectures and laboratory work.

4. Quantitative Analysis Messrs. SIDENER, PETTIJOHN, and STERNBERG Three credits (one lecture or recitation and four hours laboratory per week); first semester. Required of all juniors. Preparation: Course 3. Includes a general discussion of quantitative methods with laboratory work in gravi metric and volumetric analysis.

14. Water Analysis Mr. FRANKFORTER Three credits; second semester. Optional, post senior year C. E. Course. Sanitary chemical analysis of water. Samples collected by the students tested for nitrogen in its several conditions, chlorine, color, turbidity, hardness.

19. Gas and Fuel Analysis Mr. HARDING Three credits; second semester. Junior M. E. Course. Lectures and laboratory work. This course comprises methods of sampling and analyzing the most important commercial gases, liquid fuels, and coals; and methods for determining their calorific value for purposes of control work and for learning their heat efficiencies.

CIVIL ENGINEERING

FRANCIS C. SHENEHON, C.E., Professor, Head of Department of Civil Engineering 133 Main Engineering Building FRANK H. CONSTANT, C.E., Professor of Structural Engineering 228 Main Engineering Building FREDERICK H. BASS, B.S., Professor of Municipal and Sanitary Engineer- ing 123 Main Engineering Building ALVIN S. CUTLER, C.E., Assistant Professor of Railway Engineering 202 Main Engineering Building OTTO S. ZELNER, B.S., Assistant Professor of Surveying 216 Main Engineering Building JOHN 1. PARCEL, B.S., Instructor in Structural Engineering 223 Main Engineering Building

1. Surveying Messrs. CUTLER and ZELNER . Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Required of sophomores, C. E. Course. Recitations, lectures, and illustrative problems relating to chaining, field problems employing chain: methods of keeping field notes: determination of area-D. M. D. and rectangular co-ordinate method. Methods of laying out and dividing land, including the public land surveys of the United States. The care, proper use, and adjustment of all in struments used are treated in field exercises. Chain, compass, and transit surveys are made and circuits of level-lines run by each party. All surveys made in the field are platted and areas computed. Solution of problems and usual office reduction of all field notes. DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENTS 45

la. Surveying Mr. ZELNER One credit (one to two hours per week). Elective. Open to students in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Courses. A short course in the use, care, and adjustment of surveying instruments.

2. Surveying Mr. CUTLER Three credits (six hours); first semester. Junior C. E. Course. Preparation: Course 1. A complete topographical survey is made and' platted. The survey consists of a triangulation, followed by stadia and sketching.

3. Surveying Messrs. CUTLER and ZELNER Three credits (six hours); second semester. Required of juniors. C. E. Course. Elements of hydrographic. mining, municipal, and railroad surveying. Use of cur rent meters; barometers, plane table. Determination of meridian by solar observation. Methods of computing and staking railroad curves. This course is preparatory to the more advanced work carried on in the summer camp.

4'. Summer Camp Messrs. CUTLER and ZELNER Four to six weeks. Required of Juniors, C. E. Course. Continuation of Course 3, including extended railroad surveys, topographic, triangu lation, and hydrographic.

5. Geodesy Mr. ZELNER Three credits (three to six hours per week); second semester. Post senior C. E. Course. Elective. Methods of conducting a geodetic survey, lectures and assigned readings.

6. Railway Engineering Mr. CUTLER Two credits (four hours per week); first semester. Senior C. E. Course. A further study of the mathematics of curves and earthwork, including the spiral and vertical curves. and methods of computing earthwork and haul. Completion of maps and profiles of summer camp work.

7. Railway Engineering Mr. CUTLER Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Senior C. E. Course. Optional. Recitations and drawing room work relating to the design and construction of rail road buildings and structures. such as wooden trestles, coaling stations, water stations. engine .houses. etc. The object is to make the student familiar with all the principal structures wHch come under the supervision of the maintenance-of-way department of a modern railroad.

8. Railway Engineering Mr. CUTLER Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. PO'3t senior C. E. Course. Optional. Recitations and, lectures covering the following subjects: Economics of railroad location with a critical study of train resistance. influence of grade. curvature. distance, rise and fall, signaling, yard and stations, valuation of railroad property. 46 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

9. Railway Engineering Mr. CUTLER Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Post senior C. E. Course. Elective.

HYDRAULIC AND MUNICIPAL ENGINEERING

10. Hydraulic Engineering Mr. BASS Three credits; second semester. Senior C. E. Course. A study of rainfall, evaporation, percolation, and run-off. A review of the application of hydraulics to municipal water supply, water power, drainage, and irrigation. Struc tures common to all of the above, including reservoirs, dams, and controlling works. Lec tures, recitations, and problems.

11. Hydraulic Engineering Mr. BASS Four credits; first semester. Post senior C. E. Course. Optional. A continuation of Course 10. Municipal water supply; sources of water supply; purification and distribution. Water power: economics, principles governing design of plant.

12. Sanitary Engineering Mr. BASS Two credits; second semester. Post senior C. E. Course. Principles of public health. The function of the en!!ineer in the prevention of disease.

13. Municipal Engine':lring Mr. BASS Five credits; second semester. Post senior C. E. Course. A continuation of Courses 11 and 12 in municipal water supply and sewerage. Adap tation of various structures to the solution of problems of hydraulics and public hygiene. Maintenance and operation by municipal governments. House drainage, refuse disposal, heating and ventilating of public buildings.

14. Highways and Pavements Mr. BASS Three credits (four to five hours per week); second semester. Re- quired of juniors, C. E. Course. Lectures, recitations, and field work relating to the economics, location. construc tion, and maintenance of public highways and pavements.

15. Rivers, Harbors, and Canals Mr. SHENEHON Two credits; second semester. Post senior C. E. Course. A series of lectures dealing with the principal engineering phases of water transpor tation.

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

20. Stresses in Framed Structures Mr. PARCEL Three credits (five hours per week); first or second semester. Open to senior students pursuing the course in Mechanics of Materials. Stresses in simple structures by graphic and algebraic methods. Mill buildingspeci fications and proportioning of parts. Design of roof trusses, simple beams, girders and roof truss bents. Recitations. problems, and plates. Ketchum's Sleet Mill Buildi"gs. Hand· books of Steel Manufacturers. DE"PARTMENTAL STA T'EMENTS 41

21. Elementary Structural Design Mr. CONSTANT Three credits (six hours per week); first semester. Senior. Prepara- tion: Course Mathematics 6. Lectures upon the elements of design. Design of simple'trusses.

22. Stresses in Framed Structures Mr. PARCEL Three credits (five hours per week); second semester. Continuation of Course 20, with special reference to stresses in bridge trusses under moving loads. Recitations, problems, and plates. Johnson, Bryan, and Turneaure'. Modern Framed Str.." ..res, Part II.

23. Structural Design Messrs. CONSTANT and PARCEL Five credits (ten hours per week); first semester. Post senior. Open to students who have completed Courses 20 and 22. Theory and design of steel structures, including mill buildings, railway and highway bridges, standpipes and towers, and other problems of structural interest. Lectures, problems, and design.

24. Structural Design Messrs. CONSTANT and PARCEL Five credits (ten hours per week); second semester. Post senior. Continuation of Course 23. With special reference to the design of steel railway bridges and the theory and design of steel arch bridges. Lectures, problems, and design.

25. Swing Bridges Mr. CONSTANT Four credits (eight hours per week); second semester. Post senior C. E. Course. Optional. Theory and design of swing and bascule bridges, with special attention to the design of the operating machinery. Moving structures. Lectures, problems, and design.

26. Masonry Construction Mr. CONSTANT Five credits (eight hours per week); first semester. Post senior. Preparation: Course 20. Foundations, design, and use of cribs, cofferdams, and pneumatic caissons, pressure of earth, design of retaining walls, piers, abutments, dams, and chimneys. .Properties of stones. brick, cement, and concrete. Recitations and lectures, two hours per week; drawing room work, six hOUTS per week.

27. Reinforced Concrete Mr. CONSTANT Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Post senior. Preparation: Course 26. Theory and design of reinforced concrete beams, slabs, and columns; application of reinforced concrete to buildings, dams, retaining walls, and arches. Lectures, problems. and design. Turneaure and Maurer's Principles of Reinforced Concrete.

DRAWING AND DESCRIPTIVE GEOMETRY

WILLIAM H. KIRCHNER, B.S., Professor, Head of Department of Drawing and Descriptive Geometry 209 Main Engineering Building FRANK B. ROWLEY, B.S., M.E., Instructor 209 Main Engineering Building ROBERT W. FRENCH, B.S., Instructor 209 Main Engineering Building 48 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

1. Freehand Mr. FRENCH Two credits (four hours per week); first semester. Required of all freshmen. in conjunction with Course 3. Sketching and lettering. Exercises in reading and making drawings. From objects, drawings, dictation, and memory.

2. Mechanical Mr. FRENCH Two credits (four hours per week); second semester. Required of all fre!lhmen. Preparation: Courses 1, 3. Continuation of Course 1. 'the elements of general drafting. Mechanical drawing as a language. Lines, views. dimensions, standards, SIgnS, abbreviations, and explanatory notes. Sketching, lettering. tracing, and blue printing. Representation of details of machines and structures, and the interpretation of working drawings.

3. Descriptive Geometry Mr. KIRCHNER Two credits (three hours per week); first semester. Required of all freshmen. Open to students pursuing Course 1. Introductory course in Descriptive Geometry. Systems of representation, methods, loci, and constructive geometry. Recitations and drawing room exercises.

4, Descriptive Geometry Mr. KIRCHNER Two credits (two hours per week); second semester. Required of all freshmen. Preparation: Courses 1, 3. Continuation of Course 3. Central projection and special cases; principles and applications, Representation of lines. planes and solids. and of their relations; tangencies, intersections and developments. Recitations, lectures. and the solution of problems.

5, 6. Drafting Messrs. KIRCHNER. ROWLEY. and FRENCH Six credits (six hours per week); first and second semesters. Re quired of all sophomores. Preparation: Courses 2, 4, Graphics. machine drafting, structural drafting, and topography. Instruction in drafting room methods. (a) Civil engineering course (b) Mechanical and eiectrical engineering courses.

7. Elements of Architecture Mr. KIRCHNER Three credits; first semester. Required of juniors, C. E. Course. Preparation: Course 5. , . The orders and other fundamental forms; principles of design, the analysis of'the rharacteristics of style, application of the elements in design.

H. Technical Drawing Messrs. KIRCHNER and FRENCH Six credits (six hours per week); first and second semesters. Re quired of freshmen. Analytical Chemistry Course. Theoretical and practical graphics, the reading and making of working plans. Pro jection, sketching, lettering, conventions. renderings and translations.

FOR GRADUATES

30. Descriptive Geometry and Applications 31. Projective Geometry 32: Perspective DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENTS 49

ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE

*JOHN H. GRAY, Ph.D., Professor, Head of Department of Economics and Political Science Mechanic Arts Building EDWARD V. ROBINSON, Ph.D., Professor, Acting Head of Department, February 1, 1912 to February I, 1913 Mechanic Arts Building WILLIAM A. SCHAPER, M.A., Ph.D., Professor Mechanic Arts Building THOMAS WARNER MITCHELL, Ph.D., Assistant Professor Mechanic Arts Building JEREMIAH S. YOUNG, Ph.D., Assistant Professor Mechanic Arts Building ]. FRANKLIN EBERSOLE, M.A., Assistant Professor Mechanic Arts Building LOUIS D. H. WELD, Ph.D., Assistant Professor Mechanic Arts Building

ECONOMICS

1. Elements of Economics Messrs. ROBINSON, MITCHELL, and EBERSOLE Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. A thorough course in the elements of economic theory, with special reference to present-day economic and social problems. Marshall, Wright, and Field's OutUn. and a text-book, supplemented by lectures and problems, with a weekly quiz.

7a. Economics of Transportation Mr. WELD Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Required of juniors. Preparation: Course 1. A general course on the history and theory of transportation and communication, with special reference to the United States. Early routes and methods of migration and commerce. Causes determining the location of railways. Effect of steam and eleCtricity in the consolidation of industries and of nations. Signal systems, the post, telegraph, and telephone. Parcels post and express service. Economic functions and relations of highways. int8l"urban electric lines, steam railways. inland waterways, and ocean trans portation. The organization of the ocean commerce. Lectures, assigned reading3, and discussions.

7b. Railway Administration Mr. WELD Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Required, post senior year, Railway M. E. Course. Preparation: Course 7a. The organization of a railway corporation, duties of officers, functions of depart ments, railroad finances, accounting and statistics, problems connected with different classes of service, terminals, betterments, physical valuation, etc. Lectures, assigned readings and special topics.

POLITICAL SCIENCE

16. American Government Mr. YOUNG Two credits (two hours per week); first semester. Required of aU seniors.

*AblleDt OD leave from February 1, 1912 to February I, 1913, 50 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

An introductory course in Political Science. It includes a study of the organiza tion and present workings of our national, state, and local governments, and serves as an introduction to Course 6.

6. Engineering Law Mr. YOUNG Two credits (two hours per week); second semester. Required of all seniors. Preparation: Course 16. A course in the elements of law especially designed for engineering students. It includes a study of the system of federal and state courts, the jury system, the law of con tracts, corporations, partnerships and limited partnerships, administrative law, the rights and duties of citizenship, and some leading features of the law of real and personal prop erty and the law of riparian rights.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

GEORGE D. SHEPARDSON, M.A., M.E., Professor, Head of Department of Electrical Engineering . 30 Electrical Engineering Building FRANK W. SPRINGER, E.E., Professor 15 Electrical Engineering Building WILLIAM T. RYAN, E.E., Assistant Professor 14 Electrical Engineering Building H. M. TURNER, Instructor Electrical Engineering Building EDWARD P. BURCH, E.E., Lecturer

1. Applied Electricity Mr. SHEPARDSON Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Required of juniors, E, E. Course. Preparation: Course Physics 7. Outline of Industrial uses of electricity; applications of Ohm's law; methods and cal· culation of wiring.

2. Electrical Machinery Mr. SPRINGER Six credits (six hours per week); first and second semesters. Prep aration: Courses Physics 1, 5, 6, and Mathematics 6, 5. Electrlcalengineenng meaauring instruments and their use; unital theory of dynamo 'Iectrlc maahineryi methods of reiulation; construction and operation of ienerators and motorsj methoda of teating.

4. Electric Power Mr. RYAN Three credits (four hours per week) i first or second semester. Re quired of post seniors, C. E. Course, and of seniors, School of Mines, Preparation: Courses Physics 5, 6. Elemants of theory· and practice of. electrical me.aurements, wiring, dynamos, motors, and electric lighting. Thirty-ala leCl'tures and recitations and thirty-silt hours laboratory. 'rut-book: Norris, r""'od"";OIlIo "" SI..tly Q/ EI,,,,;,," EII';"''''II" 5. Electric Power Mr, RYAN Six credits (four hours per week); first and second semesters. Re quired of seniors, M. E. and Chemical Courses. Preparation: Courses Physics 5, 6. J An elementary Rudy of the electrical problems involved in the generation, distri· bution, meaaurement, and utilization of power. Lectures, recitations, .nd laboratory work. aupplemented ~y numKcua praotical pro~lema. Test-book: Thcmaelen, EI"Ir',ol EIIII,.,,,;.... -

I DEPA~tMENTAL StAtEMENtS 51

6. Alternating Currents Mr. SHEPARDSON Four to six credits (two or three hours per week); first and second semesters. Post senior year. Preparation: Courses 1, 2. Phenomena, measurement and use of alternating currents; theory of line, transformer generator, and motor; types of apparatus. Text-book: Steinmetz. Alternat;ltg Current Phenomena.

7. Electrical Engineering Practice: Batteries Mr. RYAN One credit (one hour per week); first semester. Post senior year. Preparation: Course 2. General theory of primary and secondary cells; types and methods of construction; commercial applications; operation of battery plants; construction and test of cells by students; test of a commercial plant. Text-book: Lynde", Storage Battery Eng;neer;ng.

8. Electrical Engineering Practice: Lighting Mr. SHEPARDSON One credit (one hour per week); first or second semester. Post senior year. Preparation: Course 2. Comparison of different sources of light; photometry; physics of the arc; history, design, and regulation of arc lamps; adaptation to constant current. constant potential and A. C. circuits; carbons; history, manufacture, and economy of incandescent lamps; dis... tribution of light.

9. Electrical Engineering Practice: Central Stations Mr. RYAN One or two credits (one or two hours per week); second semester. Post senior year. Preparation: Courses 2, 6. Preliminary surveys; choice of electrical systems; load diagrams; best units of power; comparison of steam. gas, and water poweri location, design, and erection of station build ings; boilers. engines. dynamos, storage batteries, switchboard and lines; operation and regulation; maintenance of plant; emergencies; examination of stations in Minneapolis and St. Paul.

10. Electrical Engineering Practice: Railways Mr. BURCH One credit (one hour per week); first or second semester. Post senior year. Prepara ion: Course 2 or 4. History and development; different systems of distribution; location and calculation of feeders; line and track constructionj choice of motors. trucks, generators, and engines; operation and repairs.

11. Electrical Engineering Practice: Transmission Mr. RYAN One credit (one hour per week); second semester. Post senior year. Preparation: Courses 1, 2, 5. Considerations involved in the selection of conductors in actual practice. Kelvin's law and its limItations. The transmission line as a mechanical structure. Llghtnin., arresters; study of particular high tension lines.

12. Electrical Engineering Practice: Telegraph and Telephone Mr. SHEPARDSON One or two credits (one or two hours per week); second semester. Post senior year. Preparation: Courses 1, 5. Various systems and instruments used in local and long distance telegraphy and telephony; design and construction of switchboards and lines; protection from inductive and other disturbances; po.ice, fire alarm, and district messenger systems. r------~------

13. Electrochemistry Mr. SHEPARDSON One or two credits (one or two hours per week); first or second semes ter. Post senior year. Theoretical and experimental study of electrolytic and electrothermal processes.

14. Electrical Design Mr. RYAN Three credits (six hours per week); first semester. Post senior year. Preparation: Courses Physics 1, 2, Elect. Eng. 1, 2, and Mech. Eng. 13. The design of direct current generators and motors, and alternating current trans formers: complete working drawings and specifications to accompany each design. Text. book: Ryan, Design of Electrical Machinery.

15. Electrical Design Mr. RYAN Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Post senior year. Preparation: Courses 6, 14. The design of alternating current generators and motors, and switchboards.

16. Electrical Design Mr. RYAN Two credits (four hours per week); second semester. Post senior year. Preparation: Courses 8, 14. Designs, specifications, and estimates for an electric light or power plant.

17. Electrical Laboratory Mr. SPRINGER Six credits (six hours per week); first and second semesters. Senior year. Preparation: Courses 1, 2, and Physics 5, 6. Tracing circuits and locating faults; electrical engineering measurements; calibration of instruments; operation and characteristic curves of generators and motors. Lectures and practice.

18. Electrical Laboratory Mr. SPRINGER Six credits (six hours per week); first and second semesters. Post senior year. Experimental study of alternating currents; regulation and efficiency tests of alter nators, transformers, motors, and rotaries; photometric tests of incandescent and arc lamps. Lectures and practice.

19. Electrical Laboratory Messrs. SHEPARDSON and SPRINGER One or two credits (two or four hours per week); first or second semester. Post senior year. Efficiency tests and special problems.

20. Electrical Engineering Measurements Mr. SPRINGER Application of measurements to electncal engineering practice. Lectures and laboratory.

21. Power Plant Operation Messrs. RYAN, MARTENIS, and DIXON One or two credits (equivalent to two or four hours per week); first or second semester. Post senior year, elective. Practice in operation and care of gas producer, gas engine, boilers, engines, turbine, dynamos, battery, switchboards, and auxi1iary apparatus of the University lig~ting plant. DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENTS 53

22. Journal Reading Mr. SHEPARDSON Two credits; first and second semesters. Post senior year. Weekly discussion of current electrical periodicals. The class meets monthly with the Minnesota Section of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers.

23. Precise Electrical Engineering Measurements Mr. SPRINGER Preparation: Course 19. Lectures and laboratory work. Precise measurements of resistance. voltage, current, self-induction, and capacity; standardization of measuring instrument~. Open to limited number subject to approval.

24. Illuminating Engineering Mr. SHEPARDSON Lectures and laboratory work. Investigation of performance of electric and gas lamps. reflectors, and diffusers; luminous efficiency, distribution, color characteristics. physiological phenomena. methods of determining location. kind. and quality of lights for obtaining desired illumination.

25. Telephone Engineering Mr. SHEPARDSON Lectures and laboratory work. Theoretical and experimental study of telephonic apparatus; lines and line phenomena. including induction, transposition, loading coils. etc.

26. Alternating Current Phenomena Mr. SHEPARDSON Lectures and laboratory work. Study of wave forms. transient phenomena; oscil- lographic investigations; tests of apparatus. Candidates for the degree of Electrical Engineer are required to take Courses 1, 2, 6,14,15,17,18; also 68 hours classroom work selected from Courses 7 to 13.

Note.-Elective$ may be chosen from any courses given in the Academic or Engineer ing Colleges for which the student has sufficient preparation. Attention is called to the following as desirable for electrical engineers. Botany.-Timber and timber diseases. Chemistry.-Quantitative analysis. gas and coal analysis, electro-chemical analysis. Civil Engineering.-Short course in surveying for seniors; masonry and construction, structural details; hydraulic engineering; sanitary engineering; railway economics. Drawing.-Advanced work in theoretical and practical graphics. Electrical Engineering.-Any courses not taken as required work (except 3.4, and 5). Experimental Laboratory. Geology.-Mineralogy. Language.-English. French. German. Spanish. Mathematics.-Theory of turbines, hydraulic motors and wind engines; circular hyperbolic and elliptic functions; wave theories of light. heat. and electricity; directional calculus, vector analysis, differential equations, least squares. Mechanical Engineering.-Measurement of power, air compressors and motors, shop work, heating and ventilation, machine design, railway technology, gas engines and producers. Military Science. Physics.-Advanced work on special problems. Political Science and Economics.-Money and banking, corporation finance, public finance, accounting, industrial problems.

EXPERIMENTAL ENGINEERING

WILLIAM H. KAVANAUGH, M.E., Professor, Head of Department of Experimental Engineering 103 Experimental Engineering Building --~----~------~------

CHARLES F. SHOOP, B.S., Assistant Professor of Experimental Engineering 110 Experimental Engineering Building FRANKLIN R. McMILLAN, C.E., Instructor 110 Experimental Engineering Building

1. Materials Testing Laboratory Messrs. KAVANAUGH, SHOOP, and McMILLAN Two credits (lecture and laboratory); ·first semester. Required of seniors. Open to those pursuing Course Mathematics 7. Investigation of the strength and physical qualities of iron, steel, brass, copper, wood, belting, ropes, chains, and cement. Supplemented by lectures on the various materials of construction and standard methods of testing.

2. Steam Laboratory Messrs. KAVANAUGH and SHOOP Two credits (lecture and laboratory); second semester. Required of seniors, E. E. Course. Open to those pursuing Course Mechanical Engineering 20. Valve setting indicator practice, calibration of gauges, calorimetry, efficiency of screws, hoists and other machines.

3. Hydraulic Laboratory Messrs. KAVANAUGH and McMILLAN Three credits (lecture and laboratory); second semester. Required of seniors, C. E. Course. Open to those pursuing Course Mathematics 8. Hydraulic measurements, calibration of weirs, nozzles, orifices. and meters. Tests of water motors, rams, pulsometers, steam and power pumps, and other hydraulic apparatus.

4. Experimental Laboratory Messrs. KAVANAUGH and SHOOP Three credits; second semester. Required of seniors, M. E. Course. Open to those pursuing Courses Mathematics 8 and Mechanical Engineer ing 20. Special modification of Courses 2 and 3.

5. Experimental Laboratory Mr. KAVANAUGH Two credits; second semester. Required of seniors, in School of Mines. Special modification of courses covering work in hydraulic measurements, gas and steam engine and boiler testing.

6. Experimental Laboratory Mr. KAVANAUGH Three credits; first semester. Required of post seniors, M. E. Course, Preparation: Course 4. Calibration of dynam..meters and measurement of power. Testing lubricating value of oils. Tests of injectors and ejectors. Tests of steam-turbines, steam-engines. and boilers, and complet~ power and lighting plants.

7. Experimental Laboratory Mr. KAVANAUGH Two credits; first semester. Required of post seniors, E. E. Course. Preparation: Courses, Mathematics 8 and Mechanical Engineering 21. Hydraulic measurements. Tests of water motors, rams, steam and power pumps. Measurement of power. Tests of gas and steam engines, boilers and complete power and lighting plants. DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENTS 55

8. Experimental Laboratory Messrs. KAVANAUGH and McMILLAN Three credits; first semester. Elective for post seniors. Prepara- tion: Course l. Tests of the properties of cement. concrete. and reinforced concrete. Strength of beams, columns, joints. and framed structures.

9. Gas Engine Laboratory Mr. KAVANAUGH Three credits; second semester. Required of post seniors, M. E. Course. Preparation: Courses, 6 and Mechanical Engineering 2l. A continuation of Course 6: also tests of gas. gasoline. and hot-air engines: gas pro ducers. air compressors. automobile and locomotive testing and special work.

10. Experimental Laboratory Messrs. KAVANAUGH and McMILLAN Two or four credits; second semester. Elective for post seniors. Special research work and commercial tests.

FRENCH AND SPANISH

CHARLES W. BENTON, M.A., Litt.D., Professor, Head of Department of Romance Languages 200 Folwell Hall CHARLES M. ANDRIST, M.L., Professor 228 Folwell Hall JULES T. FRELIN, B.A., Assistant Professor 228 Folwell Hall CARL M. MELOM, M.A., Instructor 225 Folwell Hall

FRENCH 1. Beginning Messrs. BENTON and FRELIN Six credits (three hours per week); first and second semesters. Open to freshmen. Thieme and Effinger. French GTammar and Reader; modern texts.

2. Intermediate Mr. BENTON Six credits (three hours per week); first and second semesters. Prep aration: Course l. Francois. Advanced French Prose Composition: First Scientific French Reader; Bowen; Scientific Journals. etc.

3. Advanced Grammar and Composition Mr. FRELIN Six credits (three hours per week); first and second semesters. Open to all who enter the University with two years of French. Francois. Introduction to French Composition; readings from modern authors. in : cluding selections from Coppee. Feuillet. and Sandeau.

5. The Classical Period of French Literature Messrs. BENTON and ANDRIST Six credits (three hours per week); first and second semesters. Open , to those who have completed Courses 2 or 3. The reading of works and selections produced during the classical period of French literature. and conversations in French.concernine the same. The works of Corneille. Racine. Moliere. La Fontaine, etc. Compositions. 56 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

SPANISH 11. Beginning Messrs. FRELIN and MELOM Six credits (three hours per week); first and second semesters. 12. Intermediate Mr. MELOM Six credits (three hours per week); first and second semesters. Open to those who have completed Course 11.

GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY

WILLIAM H. EMMONS, M.A., Professor, Head of Department of Geology and Mineralogy . 108 Pillsbury Hall FREDERIC W. SARDESON, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Paleontology 103 Pillsbury Hall

1. Geology Mr. SARDESON Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Required of sophomores, C. E. Course A condensed course in physical and historical geology for Civil Engineers. Geo dynamics, structural geology, physiography, stratigraphic and historical geology are treated successively. Excursions to typical localities will supplement work done in the classroom. Lectures and reference reading.

GERMAN

JOHN G. MOORE, B.A., Professor, Head of Department of German 210 Folwell Hall HANS JUERGENSEN, M.A., Assistant Professor 215 Folwell Hall OSCAR BURKHARD, M.A., Assistant Professor 214 Folwell Hall RICHARD WISCHKAEMPER, M.A., Instructor 216 Folwell Hall

1. Beginning Messrs. JUERGENSEN, BURKHARD, and WISCHKAEIIPER Six credits (three hours per week); first and second semesters. Open to all. Pronounciation, grammar. conversation, and composition; selected reading in easy prose and verse.

3b. Scientific Intermediate Messrs. JUERGENSEN, BURKHARD, and WISCHKAEIIPER Six credits (threehours per week); first and secondsemesters. Prepara tion: Course 1. This course is arranged to meet the peculiar needs of engineering students. Text I Dippold's Sci...c. R.ad.,.

4. Prose and Poetry Messrs. MOORE, JUERGENSEN, BURKHARD, and WISCHKAEMPER Six credits (three hours per week); first and second semesters. Open to all who enter the University with two years of German. Selections of prose and poetry, geography, history, and legend. Review of German grammar throughout the year. r------,---

r DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENTS 57

7. Advanced Scientific Reading Messrs. ]UERGENSEN and BURKHARD Six credits (three hours per week); first and second semesters. Open to all who have taken Course 3 or 4. Reading of scientific monographs and periodicals.

8. Seminar in Scientific Reading Mr. ]UERGENSEN Two credits (two hours per week). Open to graduate students, and by permission of the department, to undergraduates who have completed Course 7. 1912-13. The literature of evolution (Haeckel. Reinke. etc.),

MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS

WILLIAM E. BROOKE, B.O.E., M.A., Profesor, Head of Department of Mathematics and Mechanics 114 Main Engineering Building BURT L. NEWKIRK, Ph.D., Assistant Professor 108 Main Engineering Building HANS H. DALAKER, M.A., Assistant Professor 105 Main Engineering Building WILLIAM F. HOLMAN, Ph.D., Instructor 108 Main Engineering Building GEORGE C. PRIESTER, B.S., Instructor 105 Main Engineering Building

The ability to understand and apply mathematical processes readily is regarded as essential to the engineer. The aim of these courses is to cultivate this ability so far as possible. To this end special emphasis is laid upon two things: elucidation of principles and drill upon their applications, as furnishing the only sure basis for a thorough technical and professional training. Courses 1 to 8 inclusive must be taken in the orderindicated, and inorder to enter upon the work of any year the student must have attained a passing mark on all the required courses in preceding years.

1. Higher Algebra and Analytical Trigonometry Messrs. HOLMAN and PRIESTER Five credits (five hours per week); first semester. Required of all freshmen. Theory of exponents. series, undet~rmined coefficients, determinants, theory of equations. graphs, logarithms, trigonometric transformations.

2. Plane and Spherical Trigonometry and Analytical Geometry to Conic Sections Messrs. HOLMAN and PRIESTER Five credits (five hours per week); second semester. Required of all freshmen. Properties of plane triangles and their solution by logarithmic tables and the slide rule; general properties and solution of spherical triangles; introduction to analytical geometry, tranaformation of co-ordinates. the right line and circle. ~~~~~~~~~------~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~---~-

3. Analytical Geometry of Two and Three Dimensions Messrs. DALAKER, HOLMAN, and PRIESTER Four credits (four hours per week); first semester. ,Required of all sophomores. Conic sections and other loci; the point, line. plane. and quadric.

4. Differential and Integral Calculus Messrs. DALAKER, HOLMAN, and PRIESTER Four credits (four hours per week); second semester. Required of all sophomores. Differentiation and integration, expansion in series. maxima and minima, differential properties of curves and surfaces, indeterminate forms, evolutes and envelopes, curve tracing.

5. Calculus and Mechanics Messrs. NEWKIRK and DALAKER Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Required of all juniors. Integration; rectification, quadrature. curbature, mean value, center of pressure, center of gravity, moments of inertia. 'differential equations of motion. linear differential equations.

6. Analytical Mechanics Messrs. NEWKIRK and DALAKER Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Required of all juniors. Before registration for this course the student must pass the required Physics of sophomore year in addition to the required Mathematics, Courses 1 to 5 inclusive. Statics and dynamics. rectilinear, circular and harmonic motion, and curvilinear motion in general, dynamics of rigid bodies, impact. work and energy,

7. Strength and Resistance of Materials Messrs. BROOKE and NEWKIRK Four credits (four times per week); first semester. Preparation: Course 6. Required of all 'seniors. Mechanical and elastic properties of materials of construction; beams, shalts, columns. reinforced concrete, hollow cylinders and spheres. rollers. plates; theory of internal stress.

8. Hydraulics and Pumping Machinery Messrs. BROOKE and NEWKIRK Four credits (four times per week); second semester. Preparation: Course 6. Required of all seniors. Laws of equilibrium. pressure and flow of liquids; theory of the action of pumps.

9. Thermodynamics of Steam and Gas Engines Mr. BROOKE Three credits (three times per week); first semester. Preparation: Course 8. Required of all candidates for degrees in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering. The mechanical theory of heat as applied to steam. oU. gas and hot air engines and to compressors, including use of steam tables. entropy diagrams. etc.

10. Water Turbines Mr. BROOKE Two credits (two times per week); second semester. Required of all candidates for degrees in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering ex cept those who elect either Railway Engineering or Telephony. Theory of the operation. construction. &J1d rellU1ation of turbine wheeIa. DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENTS 59

11. Steam Turbines Mr. BROOKE Two credits (two times per week); second semester. Open to all who have had Course 9 and are pursuing Course 10. Various types of turbines, velocity, impulse. and reaction; nozzles, vanes, discs, bear ings, governors, thermodynamic analysis and efficiency.

FOR GRADUATES

Courses in the following related subjects in Mathematics, Mathe matical Physics, and Theoretical Mechanics are open to those who have had sufficient preparation, but they are primarily intended for graduates. 13. Vector Analysis 14. Advanced Calculus 15. Differential Equations 16. Partial Differential Equations of Mathematical Physics 17. Theory of Functions 18. Application of Elliptic Functions

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

JOHN J. FLATHER, Ph.B., M.M.E., Professor, Head of D(~partment of Mechanical Engineering 12 Mechanical Engineering Building JOHN V. MARTENIS, M.E., Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering 21 Mechanical Engineering Building S. CARL SHIPLEY, B.S., M.E., Assistant Professor of Machine Construc tion, and Superintendent of Shops 18 Mechanical Engineering Building WILLIAM H. RICHARDS, Instructor in Carpentry and Pattern Making 28 Mechanical Engineering Building WALLACE A. MARTIN, M.E., Instructor in Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Building PETER PETERSON, Instructor in Foundry Practice Mechanical Engineering Building EDWARD QUIGLEY, Instructor in Forge Work Mechanical Engineering Building HENRY UBRICH, Instructor in Carpentry Mechanical Engineering Building

SHOP WORK

la. Carpentry Messrs. RICHARDS and UBRICH Two credits (six hours per 'week, twelve weeks); first and second semesters. Required of all freshmen in Engineering Courses. Wood working, use of tools; lathe and bench work. Lectures and practice.

lb. Pattern Making Mr. RICHARDS Two credits (six hours per week, twelve weeks); first and second semesters. Required of all freshmen in Engineering Courses. Patterns for molding, core boxes, flasks. Lectures and practice. ,------

2. Blacksmithing Messrs. SHIPLEY and QUIGLEY Two credits (six hours per week, twelve weeks); first and second semesters. Required of all freshmen in Engineering Courses. Use of tools, forging, welding, tool dressing, tempering. Lectures and practice. 3. Foundry Practice Mr. PETERSON Three credits (six hours per week); first and second semesters. Re quired of all M. E. and E. E. sophomores. Molding. casting, mixing metals, brass work, and core making. Shop practice, recitations, and lectures. 4. Machine and Bench Work Mr. SHIPLEY Three credits (six hours per week); first and second semesters. Re quired of all M. E. and E. E. sophomores. Chipping, filing, machine work. Lectures and practice. 5. Tool Construction Mr. SHIPLEY Four credits (eight hours per week); first semester. Required of juniors, M. E. Course. Preparation: Course 4. Tools, taps, reamers, cutters, and other special work. Lectures and practice.

6. Machine Construction Mr. SHIPLEY Four credits (eight hours per week); second semester. Required of juniors, M. E. Course. Preparation: Course 5. Gear cutting, finishing, machine construction. Lectures and practice. 7. Carpentry, Joinery, and Wood Carving Mr. RICHARDS Four credits (eight hours per week); first or second semester. Open to all students. A course in wood working designed with special reference to the needs of teachers of manual training. 8. Machine Construction Mr. SHIPLEY Four credits (eight hours per week); first or second semester. Elec tive. Open to seniors. Construction of patterns and machine work for special apparatus or machinery designed by the students. 9. Shop Economics Mr. FLATHER Two credits (two hours per week); second semester. Senior elective. Shop and factory organization and management: cost systems. 10. Power Plant Operation Messrs. MARTENIS, RYAN, and DIXON One credit (equivalent to two hours per week); first or second semester. Elective, post senior year. Operation and maintenance of boilers. engines, gas producers, gas engines, steam turbines, and accessory apparatus. Smoke prevention.

MACHINE DESIGN 11. Elements of Mechanism Mr. MARTENIS Three credits (three hours per week, lectures and recitations); first semester. Required of juniors, M. E. and E. E. Coursea. Preparation: Course Mathematics 4. DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENTS 61

The transmission of motion without consideration of the strength of parts. Levers, gearing, linkwork, belts, screws, epicyclic trains, parallel motions, quick-return move ments.

12. Kinematics and Elementary Machine Design Mr. MARTENIS Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Required of juniors, M. E. and E. E. Courses. Preparation: Course Mathematics 4. Graphical diagrams of the paths, speeds, and accelerations of important mechanisms; centroids, analysis of mechanisms; construction of cams; roulettes, tooth profilesj kinematic pairs j machine parts.

13. Machine Design Messrs. FLATHER and MARTENIS Five credits (ten hours per week); first semester. Required of seniors, M. E. and E. E. Courses. Open only to students pursuing Course Mathe matics 7. Calculation and design of such machine parts as fastenings, bearings, rotating pieces, pulleys, spur gearing, bevel gears, spiral gears and rope driving. Recitations, lectures, and drawing-room practice.

14. Machine Design Messrs. FLATHER and MARTENIS Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Required of seniors, M. E. Course. Open only to those pursuing Course 20. Application of graphical methods to the design of valve-gears and link motions. Zeuner diagrams, indicator cards. Lectures and drawing-room practice.

15. Machine Design Messrs. FLATHER and MARTIN Four credits (eight hours per week); first semester. Required, post senior year, M. E. Course. Preparation: Courses 14, 19. Steam engines. Calculations and working drawings for a high speed automatic steam engine. Theoretical diagrams and determinations of details. Gas engine. An alternative course in gas engine design is offered those who have completed Course 21.

16. Machine Design Messrs. FLATHER and MARTIN Four credits (eight hours per week); second semester. Required post senior year, M. E. Course. Preparation; Course 13. Original designing, including machinery for changing size and form. Boiler design, cranes, pumping. and transmission machinery, and engineering appliances. Lectures, problems, and drawing-room practice.

17. Tool Design Mr. FLATHER Two to four credits (four or eight hours per week); first or second semester. Post senior year, elective. Preparation: Courses 6, 13. Design of tool for manufacturing interchangeable parts; jigs and milling fixtures.

18. Power Plant Design Mr. FLATHER Two or four credits (four or eight hours per week); first or second semester. Elective. Preparation: Courses 19, 20. Problems, designs and estimates for power plants. central stations and factory equip mente Selection of motive powers, relative advantages of steam and producer gas plants choice of engines and boilers; water powers and power distribution, dynamos and motors pumps,. shafting, piping and accessory plant. 62 COLLEGE OF ENG1NEEkJNG

STEAM ENGINEERING AND PRIME MOVERS 19. Steam Boilers Mr. MAR'fENIS One credit (one hour per week); first semester. Senior year. Open only to students pursuing Course Mathematics 7. Application of theory and practice in the design and construction of steam boilers, settings, and accessories, chimneys, smoke prevention, mechanical stokers; methods of operating boilers with safety and economy.

20. Steam Engine Mr. FLATHER Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Senior year. Preparation: Course Mathematics 7. Mechanics of the steam engine. Work in the cylinder; effect of reciprocating parts; steam distribution. Mechanism of the steam engine. A study of the details of modern steam engines. Valves and valve gears. A study of the slide valve, link motions, and other reversing gear automatic cut-off gears and the Zeuner diagram. The steam engine tndi cator. Principles and operation of the instrument, indicator rigging; indicator cards; compounding.

21. Gas Engines and Producers Mr. MARTIN Two credits (two hours per week); second semester. Senior year. Principles of operation of two cycle and four cycle engines; cylinder construction and arrangement; valve gears and starting mechanisms; system of speed control, ignition and cooling. Application of the indicator and consideration of indicator diagrams. A study of the power-gas producer, including suction and pressure types for various fuels; construction and operation of the generator and accessory apparatus. Application to various industrial purposes. Recitations and lectures.

22. Measurement of Power Mr. FLATHER (li) Two credits (two hours per week); first semester. Post senior. Preparation: Course Mathematics 8. A study of the methods employed in measuring power. Dynamometers. Prony brakes; measurement of water power; water meters; weir measurement, flow of water in pipes; measurement of electric power, efficiency of motors; power required to drive machine tools and shafting. Recitations and lectures. (b) Two credits (two hours per week); second semester. Elective, post-senior year. Preparation: Course Mathematics 8. Air compressors and motors, and the transmission of power by compressed air. Reci tations and lectures.

23. Heating and Ventilation Mr. MARTENIS Three credits (six hours per week); first semester. Elective. Post senior year. Principles of heating and ventilation. Construction and operation of heating appara tus. Steam, hot water, exhaust, vacuum, and fan systems. Lectures, recitations, and design.

SemiJ;lar Open to seniors and post seniors once a week.

RAILWAY MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

The following courses are available to students desiring to prepare themselves for special work in railway engineering. DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENTS 63

24. Railway Technology Mr. MARTENIS Two credits (four hours per week); first semester. Post senior year, Railway M. E. Course. The object of this course is to familiarize the student with the practical details of construction of locomotives, and consists in part of a systematic course of visits to the various railroad shops in the vicinity; lectures and recitations.

25. Railway Design Messrs. FLATHER and MARTENIS Eight credits (eight hours per week); first and second semester. Post senior year. Preparation: Course 24. (a) Of link and valve motions. Continuation of Course 14, with special applications of the Stephenson and Walschaert gears. (b) Of locomotives and car details. (c) Of the locomotive boiler. (d) Of assembled parts.

26. Locomotive Construction Mr. FLATHER Two credits (two hours per week); second semester. Post senior year. Preparation: Course 24. Lectures, reading, and recitations on design and construction of locomotives. sup plementing Course 25. This treats, (a) Of parts not involving the boiler and the use of steam; but including the carriage as frames, springs, and equalizing arrangements, running gear, brakes, trucks, lubrication. (b) Of locomotive boilers and connected parts. Types, proportions, grates, flues, smoke-box arrangements and stacks, riveted joints, bracing and staying. Lagging, smoke prevention. (c) Of the locomtive engine. Details, heat insulation, cylinder proportion for vari ous types, weight on drivers, special service; crank effort diagrams with inertia of recip rocating parts, cylinder and receiver ratios for compound engines, starting valves for com pounds.

27. Locomotive Road Testing Mr. FLATHER Two credits; second semester. Post senior year.

28. Specifications Mr. FLATHER One credit (one hour per week); second semester. Post senior year, M. E. Course. A study of engineering specifications. Classes of specifications; essential features; • clauses; details. Examples. Lectures, recitations, and practice in writing opecifications, FOR GRADUATES Advanced courses offered in: Engineering Design. Experimental Investigation. Railway Engineering,

MILITARY SCIENCE AND TACTICS

JAKES B. WOOLNOUGH. U,S,A., Head of Department of Military Science and Tactics Armory W. F. RHINOW. Assistant Commandant Armory BERT A. ROSE, Instructor of Cadet Band Armory 64 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

1. Military Drill Mr. WOOLNOUGH Three hours per week; first and second semesters. A minimum of 84 hours drill per year is required by the War Depart ment of all men in the freshman and sophomore classes. Regulations of the War Department also require theoretical and practical instruction in Drill Regulations, Manual of Guard Duty, Firing Regulations, and Field Service Regulations. An encampment of cadets (except incoming freshmen) is held at the beginning of each year. Cadets attending encampment are excused from two-thirds of the drill during the first semester. During the encampment instruction is given in Field Service Regulations and Range Shooting. The University, including the College of Agriculture, forrr.s a regiment of twelve companies with a band. A platoon of artillery exists on the Main University Campus. Atthe School of Agriculture (from October to April) six companies, with a band, have been formed. Military Drill may betaken by others than freshmen and sophomores. To encourage this, as it is considered beneficial, not only to the indi vidual but to the State, a year's drill is allowed to count as a two-hour credit for one semester, but no credit will be allowed for such drill for less than one year. Bandsmen who register for Drill beyond the re quired amount must register for the entire year and be subject to the same regulations as the other cadets. No student in the College of Engineering who has completed two years' Drill is permitted to register for additional Drill without the written authority of the Students' Work Committee. No student in the College of Engineering who has completed two years' Drill is. permitted to register for Military Science without the written authority of the Students' Work Committee.

2. Military Science Mr. WOOLNOUGH Two hours per week; second semester. Optional. Open to stu dents who have completed the two years' Drill. Theoretical instruction in the four subjects mentioned above which are required by the War Department. This work taken in connection with a year's Drill, will give four credits for the semester. The uniform worn at Drill consists of trousers, blouse and cap, modeled after the West Point cadet uniform and costs in Minneapolis $15 and $16. As a rule officers are selected from those who have completed two years' Drill, lieutenants from the junior class and captains and field officers from the senior and post senior classes. Officers and non-commis sioned officers are selected after practical and theoretical examinations, due consideration being given to recommendations of superior officers, and to faithful attendance at Drill. On the graduation of each class the Commandant reports to the Adjutant General of the Army the names of graduates who have shown special aptitude for the military service, and furnishes a copy thereof to the Adjutant General of the State of Minnesota. DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENTS 65

Usually a field manoeuvre is held each year with the St. Thomas cadets, and, during the encampment, one with the Minnesota National Guard. Military instruction is intended to be so conducted as to develop a soldierly bearing, and to foster a spirit of fine courtesy, high honor, and easy obedience to rightful authority. The endeavor is made to impress upon the student that the instruction not only benefits the nation but is of value to him individually, in building up his physique, in teaching him self-reliance and developing manly qualities.

PATHOLOGY AND BACTERIOLOGY

ROBERT H. MULLIN, B.A., M.B., Associate Professor of Pathology and Bacteriology Institute of Public Health WINFORD P. LARSON, M.D., Demonstrator in Pathology and Bacteriology Institute of Public Health GUSTAV A. MAGNUSSON, M.D., Demonstrator in Pathology and Bacteri- ology Institute of Public Health

General Bacteriology Messrs. MULLIN, LARSON, and MAGNUSSON Five credits; second semester. Post senior C. E. Course. Optional. Lectures and demonstrations. The general scope of Bacteriology. the history of its development, and the biological and chemical problems ;nvolved in the life history of bacteria are dealt with. Tbe classification of the various bacterial forms. the methods of isolation and culture and the composition and manufacture of culture media are studied until a thorough knowl edge of technique is acquired. General and special study of the various antiseptics, dis infectants, and bactericidal substances and conditions will be undertaken. Laboratory work, involving the making of their own culture media by the students, the study of bacteria in cultures and under the microscope. technique of staining and other methods, including observations of chemical and biological peculiarities, is thoroughly carried out. Testing of various germicides. chemical and physical, and the use of bacterio logical methods in the examination of drinking water form an important part of the work. Bacteria activities concerned in sewage purification. etc., receive attention.

PHYSICS

JOHN ZELENY, B.S., B.A., Ph.D., Professor, Head of Department of Physics 15 Physics Building ANTHONY ZELENY, M.S., Ph.D., Professor 20 Physics Building HENRY S. ERIKSON, E.E., Ph.D., Assistant Professor 18 Physics Building ALOIS F. KOVARIK, Ph.D., Assistant Professor 18 Physics Building LOUIS W. McKEEHAN, Ph.D., Instructor 19 Physics Building RUFUS C. SHELLENBARGER, M.A., Instructor 19 Physics Building JAMES C. SANDERSON, Ph.D.. Instructor 32 Physics Building PAUL E. KLOPSTEG, B.S., Assistant 66 COLL:ECE OF :ENCINE:ERINC

5. Mechanics of Solids and Fluids Messrs. KOVARIK and SHELLENBARGER Four credits (four hours per week); first semester. Open to those who have completed Courses Mathematics 1, 2. Required of all sopho mores. A thorough drill in the elementary principles of mechanics. numerous simple problems to illustrate the principles. laboratory work in the last half of the semester only. The first part of a general course. continued in Courses 6. 7. and 8.

6. Heat, Magnetism, and Electrostatics Messrs. KOVARIK and SHELLENBARGER Four credits (one lecture, two recitations and two hours laboratory); second semester. Open to those who have completed Course 5. Re quired of all sophomores. The fundamental principles. mainly from the experimental side; the measurement of the most important quantities involved; lectures to illustrate the various phenomena studied.

7. Electrokinetics Messrs. J. ZELENY, ERIKSON, SHELLENBARGER, and McKEEHAN Four credits (one lecture, two recitations and two hours laboratory); first semester. Open to those who have completed Course 6. Required of all juniors. Phenomena accompanying the passage of electricity through solids. liquids. and gases; the various laws which govern such discharges; the basic principles of electrical engineering; a brief study is made of ionization. the X rays. radioactivity. electric waves and wireless telegraphy; measurements of the various electrical quantities.

8. Sound and Light Messrs. J. ZELENY, ERIKSON, SHELLENBARGER, and McKEEHAK Four credits (one lecture, two recitations and two hours laboratory); second semester. Open to those who have completed Course 5. Re quired of all juniors. Wave motion and the various phenomena of sound and light; lectures illustrated with experiments showing the various effects studied; laboratory work to aid the student to a better insight into some of the relations.

9. Advanced Electrical Measurements Messrs. A. ZELENY and KLOPSTEG One credit (two hours laboratory work); second semester. Open to those who have completed Course 7. Required of juniors, E. E. Course. Devoted mainly to the study and measurements of capacity. inductance. and magnetic induction.

RHETORIC AND PUBLIC SPEAKING

JOSEPH M. THOMAS, Ph.D., Professor, Head of Department of Rhetoric and Public Speaking 310 Folwell Hall CHARLES W. NICHOLS, M.A., Assistant Professor 410 Folwell Hall WARREN T. POWELL, M.A., Instructor 410 Folwell Hall DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENTS 67

15. Rhetoric and Composition Messrs. NICHOLS and POWELL Eight credits (four hours per week); first and second semesters. Required of all freshmen. This course is planned with special reference to the needs of engineering students. Practical training in writing will be given. and in connection with the written work the student will be required to study the work of those writers who have handled scientific subjects with clearness and power. To broaden the scope of the student's knowledge and interests a course of outside reading will also be required.

16. Technical Writing Mr. NICHOLS Two credits; first and second semesters. Elective. A course in technical writing, planned to meet the professional needs of engineering students. STUDENTS

FOUR·YEAR COURSE SENIOR CLASS-18

Cillil E"gi"eers-5 Adams, John W., St. Paul Flygare, August L., Winthrop Curtis, Thomas H., Fairmont Hosfield, Raleigh W., Faribault West, Robert W., Minneapolis

Electrical E"gi"eers-7 Anderson, Arthur R., Willmar Meyer, Carl F., Minneapolis Bill, Earl M., Minneapolis Purves, Leland E., Eyota Dorrance, Albert P., St. Paul Streich, Harry C., Winona Young, Charles N., St. Paul

Mecha"ical E"gi"eers-5 Boyce, Leonard F., Minneapolis Johnson, Frank, Minneapolis Brown, William P., Minneapolis Markoe, James C., St. Paul Thompson, Herbert L., Hokah

Johnson, Paul A., Minneapolis

FIVE-YEAR COURSE SENIOR CLASS-55

Civil E"gi"eers-Z5 Anderson, Harvey B., Hopkins Kriz, Joseph J., Hopkins Bailey, William H., Minneapolis Pagenhart, Clarence C., Rochester Bingen, William J., Minneapolis Pease, Raymond A., Kelso, N. Dak. Bradley, Byron H., Minneapolis Peterson, Barney J., Alvarado Buhl, Thomas J., Graceville Rolfe, West A., Ada Cummings, Elmer F., Beaver Creek Ryan, Loiel J., Little Falls Dimon~, Grover W., Minneapolis South, Willard A., Blue Earth Giertsen, Marcus 0., Minneapolis Souther, M. Edwin, Minneapolis Haberle, Edward L.. Minneapolis Swenson, Hjalmer S., Willmar Jorgens, Robert D., Minneapolis Torgerson, Irving E., Lanesboro Kapphahn, Raymond J., Brandon Wangaard, Oscar H., Minneapolis King, Forest V., Redwood Falls Welin, Arthur, Argyle Wolff, Henry E., St. Paul

Electrical E"gi"eers-19 Avis, Samuel L., Ely Hovden, Conrad D., Perley Benham, Claude F., St. Paul Knapp, Lester H., Big Lake Bisek, Peter P., New Prague Mathes, Robert C., Minneapolis Brewster, Willaim E., Minneapolis Merriell, Elmer W., Minneapolis Daum, H. Amo, Albert Lea Nelson, George A., Anoka Hedenstrom, Ernest A., St. Paul Pardee, Charles A., Minneapolis Herrmann, Raymond, Henderson Ringstrom, Ivan G., Minneapolis Hillman, C. Kirk, St. Paul Swenson, Theodore M., St. Paul Hoorn, Fred W., Red Wing Thuras, Albert, Minneapolis Towle, Neal C., Minneapolis

68 STUDENTS 69

Mechanical Engineers-ll

Chapin, Harold S., St. Paul Donaldson, Frank A., St. Paul Clark, William G.. Stillwater Hirleman, Clark W., Minneapolis Crane, Eugene C., Minneapolis Mikesh, Martin A., Minneapolis Crawford, Allen S., Rochester Morton, Harold S., Minneapolis Dinsmoor, Arthur T.,Minneapolis Rand, Lars, Minneapolis Ruemmele, A. Emil, Hudson, Wis.

JUNIOR CLAS&-66

Civil Engineers-22

Bergquist, John E., Winthrop Montgomery, Abertis, Osakis Burnett, Harold, Duluth Morse. George A., Minneapolis Chilton, Edward G., Frazee Nelson, Mauritz 0., Minneapolis Curtis, Benjamin J., Fairmont Nordstrom, Carl T., Minneapolis Hewett, Maurice W., Minneapolis Peterson, Ralph W., Olivia Koepke, Walter E., Minneapolis Quiggle. Arthur W., Pelican Rapids Kruse, Helmer, Nymore Ringsred, Gerhard, Duluth Larson, Albin F., Fairmont Siverts, John S., Morris Lovering, Harry D.. St. Paul Thurston, Harold H., Anoka Matchett, Henry J., St. Paul Webster, Donald W., Rushford Milne, Rufus H., Crookston Wilk, Benjamin, Eveleth

Electrical Engineers-31

Baird, Lyman S., Austin Layden, Arthur, Delta, Col. Bennett, Eugene F .. Preston McCartney, Floyd A., Long Prairie 'Chapman, Wendell P., Garden City Mahoney, William L., Minneapolis Dewars, Allen, Minneapolis Malgren, Carl A., Minneapolis Dow, Clarence A., Minneapolis Miller, Hollis D., Minneapolis Downs, Charles E., Hastings Okada, Shigetomo, Kobe, Japan Eastman, Alden C., Minneapolis Peterson, Andrew M., St. Paul Edelstein, Jacob E .. North Branch Ramm, Theodore, Winona Everett, William R .. Waseca Rickel, Cyrus K., Minneapolis Goetzenberger, Ralph L., Minneapolis Schroeder, Carl W., Minneapolis Haines, Allen K., St. Louis, Mo. Stinchfield, Fred, Minneapolis Hayden, Junior, Glenco Thayer, Paul W., Minneapolis Irwin, Vincent H., Heron Lake Wadsworth, Winthrop M., Minneapolis Johnson, George 0., Lyle Wentz, Walter W., Elmore Lagaard, Alex., Minneapolis Wilcox, Hugh B., Bricelyn Wilcox, Leslie W., Hancock

Mechanical Engineers-I3

Buenger, Albert, St. Paul Hubbell, Arthur C., St. Paul Critchett, Edward F., Minneapolis Kopper, Edward, Jr., St. Paul Durham, Donald B.. Minneapolis Orr, George M., Hastings Edgerton, George W., Minneapolis Ovestrud, Melvin, Spring Grove Goebel, Rudolph C., Minneapolis Robertson, Soren M., Minneapolis Hartman, Leon R., Minneapolis Sansen, Bert R., St. Paul Wines, Fred, Minneapolis

SOPHOMORE CLAS&-96

Civil Engineers-38

Anderson, George T., Chisholm Cleveland, Bliss S., Glenwood, Wis. Brenchley, Walter C., Minneapolis Croswell, Thomas L., Spokane, Wis. Butler, George E., St. Paul Dimond, Harvey G., Minneapolis 70 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Doolittle, William K., Minneapolis Mitchell, Lester M., Minneapolis Ekberg, Carl E., Minneapolis Ott, Leonard E., Preston Geib, George A., St. Paul Ott, Willis H., Albert Lea Granfield, Thomas H., Pittsfield, Mass. Peterson, Arthur C., Windom Handschu, Charles K., Mora Pratt, Benjamin A., Minneapolis Howell, Clarence E., St. Paul Price, John R., Jr., Fulda Hustad, John C., Minneapolis Ouarve, Lloyd, Britton, S. Dak. Johnson, Alexander B., Maynard Rankin, Renville S., Minneapolis Johnson, Edgar W., Minneapolis Schouler, Weston S., Pittsfield, Mass. Jones, Idris V., Minneapolis Sears, Dow I., St. Paul Jones, Ivor V., Minneapolis Smith, Cedric B., Minneapolis Jorgensen, Peter H., Hopkins Snyder, Robert G., Fulda Knight, Ralph J., Minneapolis Van Praag, Sol, Minneapolis Lagaard, Maurice B., Minneapolis Weatherill, Cedric S., Preston Larson, Louis J., Windom Weigel, Howard N., Minneapolis Mariette, Percy A., Minneapolis West, Jbhn C., St. James Williams, Charles A., Minneapolis

Adler, Eugene H., Minneapolis Jones, Robert ap, Wabasha Anderson, Arthur H., Alexandria Kerns, Clinton B., Montrose Anderson, Joseph W., Hallock Loeffler, Stanley, Luverne Burt, Fr~d R., Chokio Mayer, Harris, Minneapolis Daum, Leo A., Albert Lea Meyer, Herbert, Minneapolis DeBooy, Justus C., Elk River Mitchell, Harry J., Graceville Dunham, Roy 0., Lakeville Oakes, Harold, Worthington Elliott, Douglass, Minneapolis OIaison, Clifford E., Minneapolis Fallon, Eugene L., Hutchinson Peterson, Albert L., Erskine Fastenau, Karl, Minneapolis Plank, Howard G., Minneapolis , Garvey, Walter S., Excelsior Pomeroy, Emery F., Minneapolis Gunnarson, Carl A., Minneapolis Preston, Earl R., Minneapolis Hartney, James L., Maynard Puts, John H., St. Paul Heys, George A., Barnesville Ouigley, Thomas 0., Bird Island Houghtaling, Elting, Fairmont Reinhardt, Earl L., St. Paul Jackson, Otto E., Stockholm, Wis. Robertson, Burton J., Lyle *Janda, Louis E., Mankato Russell, Carl A., Minneapolis Johnson, Carl J., Hoffman Sipes, Charles H., Luverne Johnson, Elmer W., Staples Tallmadge, Everett S., St. Paul Jones, George R., Blue Earth Wuest, Karl F., Anoka

Mechanical Engineers-18 Campbell, Lorn, St. Paul Hammond, Laurence D., Minneapolis Churchill, Warren R., Hammond, Wis. Harris, Harold R., St. Paul Colvin, James A., Sandstone Heilig, Merlin F., Milaca Dorr, William R., St. Paul Kaercher, C. Basil. Ortonville Engberg, Adar W., Cambndge Miller, George A., Minneapolis Fullerton, Kenneth M., St. Paul Rockwell, Harvard S., Duluth Gammell, J. Henry, Madison Rockwood, Fletcher, Minneapolis Giltinan, David M., Minneapolis Snow, Clarence J., Le Sueur Haines, Albert C., Minneapolis Vetleson, Ingval B., Dalton

FRESHMAN CLAS&-121 Civil Engi,..ers-48 Aasland, Christopher, Minneapolis Banister, Percival R., St. Paul Aichele, Frederick, St. Paul Bear, Glenn, Minneapolis Armstrong, George, Minneapolis Blomquist, Mauritz, Winthrop

*Deceased. r---~------~------~._----

STUDENTS 71

Bradt, Fred H., Minneapolis McKay, Earl D., Delhi Christianson, Hilmar B., Minneapolis Moore, Jerome T., St. Paul Cuddy, William A., Minneapolis Neumann, S. G., Minneapolis Doherty, Robert S.. St. Paul Olbrich, Fred G., Minneapolis Dorsey, John G., Minneapolis Olson, Gardner M., Cokato Fanner, Earl H., Minneapolis O'Neill, William C., St. Paul Fillmore, Harold A., Minneapolis Patten, Norman, Minneapolis Fitzgerald, J. Edward, St. Paul Perry, Hugh C., Minneapolis Hammond, Arthur G., St. Paul Peterson, William W., Mora Haynes, Stanley H., Minneapolis Rhodes, Calhoun T., Minneapolis Head, Neil C., St. Paul Rounds, Fred G., St. Paul Helmick, Dan S., Minneapolis Rufsvold, Olav M., St. Paul Hodnett, Oscar M., St. Paul Scott, Elmer C., Minneapolis Holtze, Harry S., Sioux City, Ia. Skurdalsvold, Peter, Minneapolis . Hulett, Glen C., Luverne Swenson, Oscar E., Minneapolis Johnson, John A., Mankato Taft, Charles E., Minneapolis Johnson, Phil L., Minneapolis Webber, Wayne H., Austin Lambert, Leslie, Minneapolis Weinke, Ernest H., St. Paul Larson, C. Adolph, Lanesboro Wild: Carl D .. Cedar Falls, Ia. Leonard, Thomas K., Mellette, S. D. Withee, Warren, St. Paul Lokensgard. Melvin 0., Sawyer, N. D. Woehler, Cbarles G., Minneapolis

Aaby, Alvin G., Hayfield Knutson, George, Minneapolis Abbott, Amos H., St. Paul Lawrence, Scott, Montevideo Anderson, George N., Monticello Lilly. Clarence, Onida, S. D. Atkins, Charles P., St. Paul Lutz, Richard E., Mantorville Bredeson, Collen, Minneapolis McKey, Forest P .• Albert Lea Carlson, Richard P., Minneapolis Martin, Wayne P., St. Louis Park Clarke, Samuel E. B., Minneapolis Nortner, Sylvester E., Minneapohs Eggers, Henry C. T., Minneapolis Peterson, Carl M., Minneapolis Ellefson, Selmer, Canby Picha, Benjamin, New Prague Ellsworth, Luther, Cannon Falls Skagerberg, Rutcher, Cloquet Erickson, Edwin L., Aitkin Swanson, Earl R., Hager City, Wis. Freeman, Edward W., Minneapolis Tallmadge, Hiram, Minneapolis Gilbert, Charles S., White Bear Thompson, Harry T., Blair, Wis. Hammarsten, Conrad, Cokato Turner, Roy H., Minneapolis Hanna, Cardwell M., Duluth Wandel, George H., Pine City Hillgren, Harvey A., Minneapolis Ware, Tom T., Ft. Scott, Kansas Hjermstad, Harry M., Red Wing Welch, William H., St. Paul Holmberg, John, Minneapolis Wells, Zelora B., Mankato Hult, George A., Minneapolis Wilcox, Halsey H., Montevideo Jessup, W. R., Minneapolis Winkes, Frank, Wheaton

Muhani,al Engineers-33

Baker, Clarence, Morton Larson, Alvin H., Henderson Boyles, Ralph R., St. Paul Lindgren, Leonard W., St. Paul Brown, Homer L., Minneapolis Lofstrom. Martin E .• Cambridge Caesar, John, Jr., Stillwater Mason, Arthur P., Minneapolis Crosly, Milton E., Minneapolis Miller, William C.. St. Paul Dresser, Harry S., Minneapolis Mixer, Walter R., St. Paul Eldredge, Asa A., St. Paul Moody, Chester, Minneapolis Eldredge, Eugene, St. Paul Nelson, Rockwood, Minneapolis Foque, Edwin N., Medford, Mass. Passer, Clarence W., Waseca Gerlach, Arthur C., West Bend, Wis. Pearson, Albin S., Hudson, Wis. Gerten, Frank L., Gladstone Roberts, Earl H., Minneapolis Hagen, Ralph, Minneapolis Rollmann, Edwin, Minneapolis Jaqua, John R., Minneapolis Rush, James H., Minneapolis 72 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Serum, Mark M.. Jackson Stone, Charles W., Minneapolis Skon, Herman W., St. Paul Thayer, Raymond C., Minneapolis Smart, George A., St. Cloud Waldron, Ralph E., Minneapolis Wolff, William S., St. Paul

IRREGULAR-21

Arch. Allbee, S. Pierce, New Richmond, Arch. Haalund, Roy H., Minneapolis Wis. Cil1i1 Knox, Cbarles R., Fairmont Civil Bolmgren, Ernest W., Minneapo- Cil1i1 Kratka, Frank H., Jr., Thief River lis Falls CilJil Brinsmaid, Charles C., Minne- Arch. Lamoreaux, Leigh C., Minneapo- apolis lis Eleel. Brooks, Robert L., Minneapolis Eled. Lanzen, William J., Minneapolis CilJil Clark, Percy M., 'Minneapolis Elect. Mertz, Karl J., Hastings Arch. Cobb, DeWitt I., Minneapolis Cillil Miller, Wilbur A., Long Prairie Ci.il Estabrook, Joseph B., Minneapo- Meeh. Moore Clinton K.. Minneapolis lis Cillil Onstad, Olaf., Minneapolis Civil Foster, Leslie W., Minneapolis Elect. Strong, George E .. St. Paul Civil Godette, William M., St. Paul Arch. Turner, Howard A., Minneapolis EItel. White, Charles W., Minneapolis THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE FACULTY

GEORGE EDGAR VINCENT, Ph.D., LL.D., President 1005 5th St. S. E., Minneapolis CYRUS NORTHROP, LL.D., President, Emeritus 519 10th Ave. S. E., Minneapolis ALBERT F. WOODS, M.A., Dean 1199 Raymond Ave., St. Paul EDWARD M. FREEMAN, Ph.D., Professor of Vegetable Pathology and Botany, Assistant to Dean 2196 Carter Ave., St. Paul THEOPHILUS L. HAECKER, Professor of Dairy and Animal Husbandry 1205 Raymond Ave., St. Paul MYRON H. REYNOLDS, B.S., D.V.M., M.D., Ph.G., Professor of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery 2145 Knapp St., St. Paul ANDREW Boss, Professor of Agriculture 1443 Raymond Ave., St. Paul FREDERICK L. WASHBURN, M.A., Professor of Entomology 1112 6th St. S. E., Minneapolis JOHN T. STEWART, C.E., Professor of Agricultural Engineering 2223 Knapp St., St. Paul DEXTER D. MAYNE, Professor of Agricultural Pedagogics University Farm, St. Paul EDMUND L. BUTTS, Major U. S. Army, Professor of Military Science and Tactics Plaza Hotel, Minneapolis ARCHIE D. WILSON, B.S. in Agr., Chief of Extension Division 1466 Raymond Ave., St. Paul RALPH HOAGLAND, B.Agr., Professor of Agricultural Chemistry and Soils 2080 Commonwealth Ave., St. Paul HOWARD R. SMITH, B.S., Professor of Animal Husbandry University Farm, St. Paul FREDERICK H. STONEBURN, Professor of Poultry Husbandry ASSOCIATE PROFESSORS COATES P. BULL, B.Agr., Associate Professor of Agronomy 2137 Commonwealth Ave., St. Paul LE Roy CADY, B.S. in Agr., Associate Professor of Horticulture 2081 Buford St., St. Paul ROBERT M. WASHBURN, M.S.A., Associate Professor of Dairy Husbandry 2122 Knapp St., St. Paul ASSISTANT PROFESSORS LOUIS B. BASSETT, Farm Management 2095 Dudley Ave., St. Paul ROBERT C. LANSING, M.A., English 2237 Knapp St., St. Paul

9 10 THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE

CHARLES C. LIPP, D.V.M., Veterinary Medicine and Surgery 1460 Raymond Ave., St. Paul JOSEPH S. MONTGOMERY, B.S. in Agr., Animal Husbandry 1391 Raymond Ave., St. Paul ARTHUR G. RUGGLES, M.A., Entomology 1465 Raymond Ave., St. Paul WILLIAM H. TOMHAVE, B.S. in Agr., Animal Husbandry 2121 Langford Ave., St. Paul RICHARD H. WILLIAMS, M.S., Animal Husbandry 1391 Raymond Ave., St. Paul

INSTRUCTORS AND ASSISTANTS

WALTER C. ANDERSON, E.M., Drawing 2366 Ellis St., St. Paul ALBERT C. ARNY, B.S. in Agr., Agriculture 2115 Dudley St., St. Paul CLARA AUST, B.S., Domestic Science 320 17th Ave. S. E., Minneapolis CLYDE H. BAILEY, Chemistry 251 15th Ave. N., Minneapolis BESSIE BEMIS, B.S., Domestic Science 2130 Carter Ave., St. Paul MARGARET J. BLAIR, Domestic Art 1403 Cleveland Ave., St. Paul FANNIE C. BOUTELLE, Domestic Economics University Farm, St. Paul WILLARD L. BOYD, D.V.S., Veterinary Medicine and Surgery 2221 Langford Ave.; St. Paul ELIZABETH BROOKS, Domestic Art 1212 Raymond Ave., St. Paul ALVAH M. BULL, Farm Structures 2240 Langford Ave., St. Paul ESTELLE COOK, English University Farm, St. Paul GRACE DENNY, Physical Training 1836 Dayton Ave., St. Paul GEORGIA BELLE ELWELL, B.S., Domestic Art 907 7th St. S. E., Minneapolis WILLIAM H. FRAZIER, B.S., Soils 937 17th Ave. S. E., Minneapolis JENNESS B. FREAR, M.E., Mechanics 1319 7th St. S. E., Minneapolis HARRIET GOLDSTEIN, Free Hand Drawing 800 4th St. S. E., Minneapolis EDWIN O. HANSON, Dairy Husbandry 1475 Hythe St., St. Paul DE FOREST HUNGERFORD, B.S., Soils University Farm, St. Paul ALBERT L. HUTCHINGS, Animal Husbandry University Farm, St. Paul ALLEN D. JOHNSTON, Blacksmithing 2111 Knapp St., St. Paul CORNELIA KENNEDY, B.A., Agricultural Chemistry 2504 4th Ave. S., Minneapolis ALFRED R. KOHLER, B.S.A., Horticulture 2130 Carter Ave., St. Paul DWIGHT ]. LANE, Poultry, 1485 Cleveland Ave., St. Paul LOLA MCCLURE, Domestic Science 2116 Carter Ave., St. Paul MAY McDONALD, B.S. in H.E., Domestic Science 5049 N. Lyndale Ave., Minneapolis CHARLES H. MATTHEWS, Poultry Husbandry 1485 Cleveland Ave., St. Paul MARTHA B. MOORHEAD, M.D., Lecturer in Domestic Hygiene 914 2nd Ave. S., Minneapolis JASON L. MOWRY, Mechanics 1057 13th Ave. S. E., Minneapolis WIELAND L. OSWALD, Agricultural Botany 1268 County Road, St. Paul FACULTY 11

MAUDE B. RICE, B.S. in H.E., Domestic Art 2095 Commonwealth Ave., St. Paul HARRY B. ROE, B.S., Mathematics 2105 Scudder Ave., St. Paul JUNIATA L. SHEPPERD, M.A., Domestic Science 1385 Raymond Ave., St. Paul ANNA M. SMITH, Librarian, Library Methods 1485 Cleveland Ave., St. Paul GRETA E. SMITH, Domestic Art 1070 14th Ave. S. E., Minneapolis E. C. STAKMAN, M.A., Plant Pathology 1485 Cleveland Ave., St. Paul RODNEY M. WEST, B.A., Agricultural Chemistry 2128 Knapp St" St. Paul FRANK W. WHITE, B.S. in Agr., Animal Husbandry 2082 Carter Ave., St. Paul HALL B. WHITE, B.S. in Agr., Carpentry University Farm, St. Paul LLOYD R. WHITSON, E.M., Drawing 1125 8th St. S. E., Minneapolis LOUIS E. WILLEY, D.V.M., Veterinary Science 2089 Carter Ave., St. Paul

THE COLLEGE OF FORESTRY

EDWARD G. CHEYNEY, B.A., Professor of Forestry 2116 Knapp St., St. Paul AUSTIN CARY, M.A., Professor of Forestry 2219 Knapp St., St. Paul JOHN P. WENTLING, M.A., Assistant Professor of Forestry 2160 Carter Ave., St. Paul

FACULTY COMMITTEES 1912-1913

Executive Committee.-DEAN WOODS, Boss, MAYNE, HAECKER, STEWART, F. L. WASHBURN, REYNOLDS, HOAGLAND, FREEMAN, CHEYNEY, CADY, WILSON College Council.-Chiefs of Divisions and Sections Enrollment and Program.-STEwART, C. P. BULL, MOWRY, LANSING, CADY Curriculum and Catalogue.-The Executive Committee Students' Work.-FREEMAN, WEST, ROE, BEMIS, RUGGLES Military.-BuTTS, WENTLING, HOAGLAND Library.-MAYNE, REYNOLDS, ANNA SMITH, LANSING, WALKER, DORSEY Student Organizations.-F. L. WASHBURN, BOUTELLE, DREW, WEST, MAYNE, BLAIR Graduate.-HAECKER, STEWART, RUGGLES, H. R. SMITH, F. L. WASH BURN Athletics.-CHEYNEY, MOWRY, WILLIAMS, OSWALD Demonstration and Exhibit.-C. P. BULL, FRAZIER, SHEPPERD, WILSON, R. M. WASHBURN 12 THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE

Sanitation.-REYNOLDS, MAYNE, BOUTELLE, F. L. WASHBURN, A. M. BULL, PEARCE Grounds.-Boss, CADY, STEWART Rules and Records.-WEST, MOWRY, DREW Publications.-WILSON, HAECKER, Boss, DORSEY Auditing Committee.-RoE, ARNY, LANSING

Registrar.-JAMES M. DREW Secretary of Faculty.-EDWARD M. FREEMAN ENROLLMENT

INSTRUCTIONS TO PROSPECTIVE STUDENTS

Read this bulletin carefully, giving particular attention to Rules and Regulations. Students who are not graduates of accredited schools, and those graduates who have conditions as specified in the paragraphs under Admission to Freshmen Class-By Certificate, should report in time to take the entrance examinations in such subjects as may be required. The dates for entrance examinations are given on the sixth page of this Bulle tin and examinations are given only on the dates scheduled. New students should report in time to have their registration com pleted, and to enter classes on the date scheduled for the beginning of the semester, as new students cannot enter classes after they are once started. Graduates of accredited schools should read carefully the conditions under which high school work can be accepted for entrance without examination. Credentials.-All students upon entering this College for the first time shall submit their credentials to the Enrollment Committee.

ADMISSION TO FRESHMAN CLASS-ALL APPLICANTS

Admission is either by certificate (p. 15) or by examination (p. 17). The term unit means not less than five recitations of forty minutes each per week for a period of thirty-six weeks. In manual subjects and kindred courses it means the equivalent of ten recitation periods per week for thirty-six weeks. (a) Number of credits required. - No candidate will be admitted with less than fifteen units of the required grade. The Enrollment Com mittee may, however, authorize substitutions in the list of required subjects to the extent of one unit, in case the candidate did not have an opportunity to take all the required subjects. (b) Character of credits required. - Candidates must present: (1) Four'years of English, or three years of English accompanied by four years of one foreign lan&.uage.

AGRICur.TURE HOME ECONOMICS

(2) Mathematics, three units, Elementary Algebra, one unit; including Elementary Algebra, Plane Geometry, one unit. one unit; Plane Geometry, one unit; Higher Algebra, one-half unit; Solid Geometry, one-half unit.

13 .--_---~~-- ._- --

14 THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE

(3) A minor series of two A major series of three or more units each, chosen from one of the units each, chosen from one of the admission groups, B, C, D, E. admission groups, B, C, D, E. To form a language series at least two units of the same language must be offered. (4) In both Agriculture and Home Economics, Physics, one unit, must be presented if it is not included in the group selected. (5) Enough additional work to make in all fifteen units, of which not more than four may be in Group F. (c) Admission Groups- Group A: English English, four or three units (a) Principles of rhetoric (b) Practice in written expression in each of the years of the course on an average of not less than one hour a week (c) Classics Group B: Foreign Languages Latin- French--,. Grammar, one unit Grammar, one unit Caesar, feur books, one unit Literature, one, two, or three units Cicero, six orations, one unit Virgil, six books, one unit Greek- Spanish- Grammar, one unit Grammar, one unit Anabasis, four books, one unit Literature, one, two, or three units German- Scandinavian Languages Grammar, one unit Grammar, one unit Literature, one, two, or three Literature, one, two, or three units units Group C: History and Social Sciences History Ancient, to Charlemagne, one Elementary Economics, one-half unit unit Modern, from Charlemagne, one Commercial Geography, one-half unit or one unit English, one-half unit History of Commerce, one-half or one unit Senior American, one-half unit Economic History of England, one-half unit American Government, one-half Economic History of the United or one unit States, one-half unit Group D: Mathematics Elementary Algebra, one unit Solid Geometry, one-half unit Plane Geometry, one unit Trigonometry, one-half unit Higher Algebra, one-half unit ENROLLMENT 15

Group E: Natural Sciences Physics, one unit Physiology, one-half unit Chemistry, one unit Astronomy, one-half unit Botany, one-half or one unit Geology, one-half unit Zoology, one-half or one unit Physiography, one-half unit Group F: Vocational Subjects Not to exceed four units may be offered from the following list of vocational subjects. Business Subjects- Business Law, one-half unit Advanced Bookkeeping, one unit Business Arithmetic, one-half Stenography and Typewriting, unit two units Elementary Bookkeeping, one unit Manual Subjects- Freehand Drawing, two units Shop Work, two units Mechanical Drawing, two units Modeling and Wood Carving, one Domestic Art and Science, four unit units Agriculture- One to four units from schools receiving special state aid for Agri culture and also from other schools in which such course in Agriculture is approved by the State High School Board, as fast as the said schools are prepared to offer work in Agriculture.

Description of Subjects Accepted !or Admission

A description of subjects accepted for admission to the University may be found in the Bulletin of General Information, a copy of which will be sent to any address upon application to the Registrar, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

ADMISSION TO FRESHMAN CLASS-BY CERTIFICATE

(a) General.-Certificates from the College Entrance Examination Board and from the State High School Board are accepted as satisfying the scholarship requirement. (b) From Minnesota State High Schools or other accredited schools. Graduates of a four-year course of a Minnesota State High School or other accredited school in Minnesota, provided they meet the general require ments stated above, and the following special requirements as to grades. (1) The applicant for admission must present to the Registrar the principal's certificate containing his record on all the studies which were 16 THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE counted toward graduation. All records shall be entered on this certifi cate as passed, passed with credit, or passed with honor.· To facilitate the operation of this rute, each accredited school is expected to keep its record of standings in these three grades or else show by a printed statement in the record book and in the catalogue of the school, how the marks in use are to be translated into these grades. (2) Candidates for admission on certificate must have an average record in the subjects counted for admission of pass with credit. For the purpose of this average a pass is offset by a pass with honor. Candidates are therefore admitted provided they have at least as many semester marks of pass with honor as they have semester marks of pass. Candidates entering on certificate shall not be examined for admis sion on subjects which are lacking or below the required grade, except on presentation to the Enrollment Committee of satisfactory evidence that they have done adequate special work in preparation for the examination. A certificate from the principal of the last school attended, or other person approved by the Enrollment Committee, shall constitute satisfactory evidence; and adequate special preparation shall consist of not less than thirty 60-minute hours under competent instruction on each semester subject presented for examination. (See (d) below.) (3) List of Accredited Schools.-A list of accredited schools, including state high schools and private schools, may be found in the Bulletin of General Information, a copy of which will be sent to any address upon application to the Registrar, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. (c) Graduates of the Advanced Latin and Advanced English courses of the Minnesota State Normal Schools. (d) Graduates of a four-year course of a school in any other state which' is accredited to the state university of that state, provided such candidates satisfy all the re,uirements as to major and minor series, sub jects, and grades demanded of the graduates of Minnesota high schools. (See (b) (2) above.) (e) Graduates of the Schools of Agriculturet who have a grade of 75 per cent in all subjects and can present additional credits as follows: (1) Before September, 1913: The subjects prescribed in the Intermediate Course or fourth· year provided no subject has a grade lower than 75 per cent. (2) After and including September, 1913: English, two years, in advance of that taken in the three-year course of the School of Agriculture. Mathematics, three years, selected from Group D.

*In per cent, these three grades are to be interpreted approximately as follows: (1) In schools having 65 as a passing mark, passed equals 65-75, passed with credit equals 75-90, passed with honor equals 90-100. (2) In schools having 70 as a passing mark, passed equals 70-7S, passed with credit equals 78-90, passed with honor equals 90-100. (3) In schools having 75 as a passing mark, passed equals 75-S0, passed with credit equals S0-90, passed with honor equals 90-100. tInc1udes West Central School at Morris, Northwestern School at Crookston, and Central School at University Farm. St. Paul. ~------~~--- ~--- ._---_.~-

ENROLLMENT 17

History, one or two years, selected from Group C. One or two years each chosen from Groups B, C, D, or E. No credit will be given for any subject in Group F outside of the work done in the School of Agriculture. Completion of the above work must be certified by an accredited high school or covered by examination as specified in Entrance by Exami nation.

ADMISSION TO FRESHMAN CLASS-BY EXAMINATION

(a) General.-Entrance examinations are offered at the University during the opening week of the University year. Candidates must pass examinations in all subjects specified above, except such as may be covered by College Entrance Examination Board or State High School Board .<:ertificates. ~."I(b) C~ndidates from Other States.-In case the records of any candi date from another state cannot be translated into the grades used in this state, the Enrollment Committee shall order examinations in English and also in three other subjects chosen from three different admission groups. The results of such examinations shall be final. (c) The examinations authorized under Admission to Freshman Class by Certificate (b) (2) and (d) shall be held at the same time and accord ing to the same schedule as the regular entrance examinations mentioned under 1.

ADMISSION TO ADVANCED STANDING

1. All Applicants.-(a) No new student will be admitted to the work of the second semester unless he brings from another college a certificate of advanced standing, showing the qualifications to continue the second semester's work. (b) Students who desire to obtain advanced standing must, within six weeks after the beginning of the semester, present their applications and certificates to the Enrollment Committee, who will consult depart ments concerned in determining the credit to be given. Applications pre sented after the six weeks have expired will be rejected or $5.00 charged for the transfer made. 2. By Transfer from Other Universities or Colleges.-(a) Applicants transferring from other universities or colleges must furnish a certificate showing that they have no entrance conditions and are honorably dismissed. (b) The College accepts records from other colleges for credit to advanced standing. Such records are accepted so far as they are equiva lent to the work done in this college, subject to the approval of the div isions concerned. In bringing certificates from other institutions, the records must be on the official blank of the institution granting the cer tificates, and should show: (1) The subject studied and ground covered. (2) The time spent upon each subject. 18 THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE

(3) In the case of laboratory subjects a concise statement of the work done. (4) The result. It is sufficient to state that the subject was credit ably completed. (c) Graduates of the Advanced Graduate Course of a Minnesota State Normal School are admitted, and may substitute for college work such normal work as will be approved by the Enrollment Committee after consulting with the divisions concerned. (d) Individual graduates of the Advanced Latin Course (five years) or of the Advanced English Course (five years) of a Minnesota State Nor mal School, who, on the basis of maturity and ability, present certificates of special fitness from the President of the normal school, will be admitted with advanced standing under the same regulations and proviso. 3. By Examination.-(a) Any student upon first registration at the University, may, with the approval of the Enrollment Committee, be allowed without charge to take examinations toward advanced standing for which the student declares himself ready, such examinations to be taken within the first six weeks of the college year. (Cf. Administration B 3.) (b) Students who desire advanced standing on subjects taken in accredited schools, and not used for entrance credits, will be required to take an examination. (c) Students desiring credit for practical work must present a detailed statement showing the nature of the work done, and should give reference letters and recommendations, and take an examination. (d) Applicants who have taken a college subject in their preparatory work may petition the Enrollment Committee to elect another subject in lieu of the one they have had. Before granting this petition the Com mittee may, if they desire, require the applicant to take an eiamination. ADMINISTRATION

A. REGISTRATION

1. Defined.-Registration shall consist of a written application to the Registrar of the College of Agriculture for enrollment in some one course of study in that College and of payment of the required fees. ~. Time for.-(a) Registration must be indicated two weeks before the day set for classes to begin. The fees for any semester must be paid before the day set for classes to begin, and the Cashier's receipt mllst be returned to the Registrar as evidence of such payment before the regis tration is complete. Penalty for delay in either indicating registration or in payment of fees, $1.00, and after the day set for classes to begin, 25 cents per day in addition for each day's delay. Fines for delayed regis tration will be considered a part of the regular fees for the semester. (b) No student will be allowed to register after the semester opens except by permission of the Faculty. (c) Cf. 13 below. 3. Quantity of Work.-(a) No student shall be permitted to register in any course for more than the regular schedule, nor for less than fifteen credit hours in anyone semester, without permission of the Students' Work Committee. (b) Students desiring to carry extra work shall notify the Committee onStudents' Work at least one week before the beginning of the semester. (c) Application for work in excess of the prescribed course shall be granted by the Committee only when the applicant has a record for good scholarship in all lines of his work for the previous year. (d) No student who has been unable to carry successfully the regular work of any year shall be allowed to carry extra work in the succeeding year. (e) Cf. 13 below and C 7. 4. Preferred Classes-When the same course is offered both at the University Farm and in the Departments located on the Minneapolis Campus, students must register for the classes at the University Farm unless they have permission from the Students' Work Committee. 5.. Electives.-(a) All students in the College of Agriculture must advise with the Chief of the Division concerning all electives. (b). Not later than May 1st, each sophomore in the General Agricul tural Course shall indicate to the Registrar the division in which he expects to specialize. This selection must be approved by the Chief of the Divi sion concerned. The student will then be registered only for such elec tives as are approved by this division. After selecting a division in which to specialize, no change shall be made except by permission of the Stu dents' Work Committee. (c) The elective studies designated as Academic are to be chosen from the work offered in the College of Science, Literature, and the Arts,

19 ,...------,------_._----

the College of Law, the College of Medicine, and the College of Engineer ing; no student to take more than two semesters in either of the three last named colleges. The elective studies designated as Agricultural are to be chosen from the work offered at this College. 6. Evidence of.-The class card is the only evidence of registration to be accepted by any instructor. No student shall be admitted to class after the first week unless his card is in the possession of the instructor. 7. Credit according to.-(a) Students shall not receive credit for work for which they have not been registered, except as otherwise provided in these regulations. (b) Cf. Admission with Advanced Standing and B 3 (b). 8, Change of.-(a) The Registrar has authority to grant change of registration from one subject to another any time during the first week of the semester without charge. (b) Cf. 14 below. 9. Suspension of. Cf. B 2. 10. CanceUation of.-(a) When students leave the college and request the cancelling of their registration, the instructor shall send to the Regis trar a report of such student's work up to the date of leaving. (b) Cf. C 1, 2, and 4. 11. Refusal of. Cf. C 3 and 5. 12. Re-registration. Cf. C 6 and 10. 13. Classification of Students.-(a) In order to rank with a class, a student must have not more than three credits short of the number required in the outline of the course. (b) Any student having not more than three credits short, but who has not completed the full work of the class with which he ranks, will be listed in the catalogue with a foot note reference preceding his name. (c) Unclassed students must take the same number of hours as regu lar students, and, unless advanced standing is obtained through credits from other institutions, four-fifths of the work during the first year must be taken from the subjects offered to freshmen. The Committee on Enrollment may allow exceptions in cases of perso~s of mature age, upon recommendation of the division concerned. A new application must be made each semester to the Enrollment Committee. (d) Unclassed students shall not be admitted to the work of either semester after the fourth week. 14. Fees.-(a) Incidental: All students who are residents of the State of Minnesota are charged an incidental fee of fifteen dollars a semes ter. Non-residents are charged double the fee required of residents of the State, or thirty dollars a semester. No reduction is made for late entrance or for leaving before the end of the semester. (b) Deposit.-Students are required to deposit five dollars which will be credited to them in settlement of their accounts. (c) Nurse.-Students rooming off the campus have the privilege of taking nurse cards at $1.00 each semester. These cards entitle the holder to office consultation and office treatment by regular nurses. ADMINISTRATION 21

(d) Post-Office. - Fifty cents will be deducted from the five-dollar deposit as rental for a post-office box. (e) Condition Examination. Cf. C 9. (f) Special Examination. Cf. B 3. (g) Fines. Cf. 2 above. (h) Change of Registration.-After the first week of any semester no change of registration shall be made except by permission of the Students' Work Committee and on payment of two dollars and fifty cents change of registration fee. This fee will not be charged when the change is ordered by the Students' Work Committee.

B. CONTROL OF CLASSES

1. Daily Routine.-The daily session is divided into recitation periods of forty-five minutes each. The morning session begins at 8:00 and closes at 12:25. From 11:40 to 12:25 o'clock on Wednesday is reserved for a general assembly of the Faculty and students of the College of Agriculture, and, once each month, for an all-University Convocation meeting. The afternoon session begins at 2:00 and continues until 5:25 o'clock. Work extends through six days of the week. 2. Absences.-(a) Tardiness and absences shall be controlled by the divisions on the general principle that each student must do the full work of the class. (b) Students shall be required to make up work lost through delay in registration just as in the case of any other absence. (c) No student whose absences in any semester exceed four weeks in the aggregate shall be admitted to examination without special permission of the Faculty. (d) When a student has been absent six times consecutively, the instructor shall notify the Registrar that the student has ceased to attend class. The Registrar shall then notify the Chairman of the Students' Work Committee and all instructors concerned that the student's regis tration has been suspended. Such student will be reinstated only on an order of the Students' Work Committee. (e) Leave of Absence.-Any student intending to absent himself from college during any part of the college year must obtain a leave of absence from the Committee on Students' Work. 3. Examinations and Reports.-(a) Regular written examinations shall be held at the close of each semester in all classes in the freshman and sophomore years. (b) All classes in the senior and junior years shall be examined at the close of each semester, either orany or in writing as the professor may direct; provided that in the special subjects requiring course examinations the regular semester examinations may be omitted with the approval of the Dean, in which case the time assigned for examinations shall be given to some form of recitation or instruction. (c) The presentation of note-book or theme shall not be accepted in lieu of examinations. ------

(d) Cf. 2 (c) above. (e) No examination shall be given by any instructor except for the work of the current semester, unless the student surrenders a permit for such examination signed by the Registrar. This permit must be returned to the Registrar with the record of the examination. (f) Examination for Credit.-Students who have made up work by themselves may, by permission of the Committee on Students' Work, obtain credit for the same through examinations, on payment of five dollars, special examination fee. Cf. also Admission with Advanced Standing-By Examination. (g) Condition Examinations. Cf. C 9. (h) Special Examinations.-The Registrar will issue permits for special examinations on orders from the Students' Work Committee and the Cashier's receipt for payment of five d~llars. (i) Cheating.-In all cases of cheating in examination or written exercises, the offender may be reported to the Students' Work Committee for such action as the case may require.

C. DELINQUENTS

1. Warned of Delinquency.-Any student of the freshman class who has been warned that he is deficient in sixty percent of his work at the end of the first eight weeks of either semester and whose work is similarly deficient at the end of the first twelve weeks, shall be immediately dropped from the rolls. He may be reinstated on probation by the Students' Work Committee subject to further action by the Faculty. 2. Probation.-Any student who has been placed on probation by the Students' Work or Enrollment Committees may be dropped from the rolls by the Students' Work Committee at any time when one-half of his work is reported below grade. 3. Registration Refused.-Each division shall report to the Registrar two weeks before the end of the semester the names of any students pursuing any continuous course of study who have been doing such poor work as to make it impracticable for them to do the work of the following semester and such students shall be refused registration for said course. . 4. Registration CanceUed.-It is provided, also, that in caSe the final examination shows any student, who has not been previously reported, to be incapable of further pursuing the subject in a satisfactory manner, at the written request of the head of the division concerned, the Registrar shall cancel the student's registration for that subject. 5. Dropped from the RoUs.-Any student receiving conditions or failures in sixty per cent of his work in any semester,shall be dropped from the rolls and shall not be allowed to re-enter the University until the open ing of the corresponding semester of the following year, and may be required to pursue again all the subjects of the semester unless excused by the Committee on Students' Work. ' 6. Pursue Work Again.-(a) Any student of the freshman class who fails to pass in one-half the prescribed work of the year shall be required Ii ADMINISTRATION 23 on re-entering the University to pursue again all the subjects of the year, unless excused by the Committee on Students' Work. (b) Any student receiving a failure in any subject shall be required to re-register for this subject the following corresponding semester in pref erence to any advanced work, unless excused by the Committee on Stu dents' Work. 7. Work Limited.-Stude~ts who receive a condition or failure in the work of the first semester shall not be allowed to elect another subject in the place of the subject in which the condition or failure was received, but shall be required to devote their full time to the remaining subjects of the course. Exceptions to the rule shall be made only by the Committee on Students' Work after a full investigation. 8. Incompletes.-(a) When a student's work in a subject is, in the main, satisfactory, but incomplete, owing to absence from class, or failure to do on time a certain definite portion of the work which is only a small part of the entire work, and the reason for such absence or failure is satis factory to the instructor, the work shall be reported as incomplete. (b) An incomplete not removed before the end of the first month of the following semester becomes a condition. The Committee on Stu dents' Work may, in special cases, extend this time limit. (c) Cf. 12 below. 9. Conditions.-(a) A condition not made up before the subject is offered again becomes a failure, subject to the rules governing failures. (b) Students conditioned in the work of the first semester are given an opportunity to remove their condition in April. Students conditioned in the work of the second semester are given an opportunity to remove their condition in October. All condition examinations must be taken at the dates regularly set by the program for such examinations and at no other time. (c) The Registrar will issue permits for condition examinations on receipt of the Cashier's receipt for the payment of one dollar, examination fee, provided that the student has taken no previous examination for the removal of this condition, and provided the condition is of not more than one semester's standing. 10. Failures.-(a) Failures must be taken over in class. (b) Cf. 6 above. 11. Eligibility Regulation.-No student in this college with any condition or failure standing against him shall be eligible: (a) As a competitor in intercollegiate debate, oratory, athletic or judging contests. (b) For membership on the editorial board of any student publi cation. (c) For membership in the Dramatic Club or in any student dramatic or musical organization which gives entertainments outside the Univer sity. 12. Special Rules Governing Seniors.-(a) Excused from Examina tions: All seniors who have received no conditions or failures since the close of the freshman year shall be excused from their last semester final 24 THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE examinations in all subjects in which their work and attendance have been satisfactory to the instructor concerned. (b) Second Semester Registration: No senior shall be allowed to register for the second semester who has a condition back of the senior year. No student shall be considered eligible for graduation whose con ditions and other deficiencies are not completely removed by May first.

D. REQUIREMENTS FOR GRADUATION AND DEGREES

1. Number of Credits.-After the completion of the prescribed course of study, including all of the required work and the requisite amount of elective work equivalent to a total of 144 credit hours for the Agricultural and Home Economics courses, candidates will be recommended for gradua tion with the degree of Bachelor of Science. Six months' practical farm experience is required of each candidate for graduation from the Course in Agriculture. See statement under Divisions and Equipment. 2. Exempted from.-Every student shall do the work of the class with which he graduates, except that the student shall be free from any addi tional requirements for any year of which he has already completed the full work without condition. 3. Delinquencies.-No person shall be permitted to graduate who has an incomplete, condition, or failure standing upon the books of the Registrar. 4. Professional Certificates.-Diplomas of graduates of the college who have taken specified educational courses are valid as first-grade pro fessional certificates for two years, and at the expiration of two years of successful teaching, such diplomas, properly endorsed, have the force of first-grade professional certificates for life. For specified courses, see page 37 and page 38.

E. MISCELLANEOUS

1. Faculty Meetings.-The Faculty meets regularly at 9 a. m. on the second Monday of each month of the college year. 2. Petitions.-(a) Every petition to be acted upon at any particular meeting of the Faculty must be presented to the Dean and Secretary of the Faculty not later than forty-eight hours previous to the time set for such meeting. (b) Every student who desires to be heard in regard to his petition shall be given such an opportunity by the Committee or Faculty. 3. Excused from Drill.-In military matters where persons ask to be excused from Military Drill, the matter shall go first to the Commandant. If he approves, the Committee on Students' Work may take such action as they please. If he does not approve, and the Committee does approve, the matter shall go to the President of the University for final decision. 4. Disturbances.-Class meetings are held to be solely for the class calling the said meeting, and in case of disturbance and damage to prop- GENERAL INFORMATION

GRADUATE WORK AND DEGREES

Special facilities are offered to graduate students from this and other colleges who wish to become familiar with methods employed in experi ment station work, and to pursue further their collegiate studies. Courses for major and minor subjects may be arranged by consulting the profes sors in the different divisions. Students who enter for advanced degrees, register with the Graduate Committee of the College of Agriculture, and also in the Graduate School. They must take their major subjects in the College of Agriculture, but they may take one or both of their two minor subjects in the College of Science, Literature, and the Arts or in the College of Engineering and Mechanic Arts. Graduate students registered in the Graduate School may take one or both of their minor subjects in the College of Agriculture. 1. The degree of Master of Science will be conferred on a bachelor of this or any other college of equal grade who, not sooner than one year after graduation, if a resident graduate student at this agricultural college, shall pass an examination in certain prescribed lines of study and present a satisfactory thesis in accordance with the requirements of the Graduate School• . 2. All general regulations of the Graduate School governing candi dates for the master's degree, method of selecting work, amount of work required, degree of proficiency expected, and the time and manner of con ducting the examinations, apply to candidates for master's degrees in the College of Agriculture. 3. The degree o~ Doctor of Philosophy will be conferred by the Graduate School for study in the College of Agriculture on bachelors of this or any other college of equal grade within not less than three years after graduation therefrom under conditions prescribed by the Faculty of the Graduate School.

SCHOLARSHIPS AND PRIZES

It is the policy of the University to establish scholarships in the different departments where extra help is needed for instruction under regulations somewhat as follows: (1) The appointments are made by the Executive Cvmmittee of the Board of Regents upon the recommendation of the department in which the appointment is desired, after approval by the Faculty. (2) Recipients of scholarships may be either graduate or under graduate students. (3) The scholarships are not intended as gifts or as benefactions from the State to the recipients, but as provisions under which services may be rendered the University.

26 ADMINISTRATION 2S erty those who are known to be present and not members of the class, shall be held responsible for the damage done even though it may be shown that they did not do the actual damage. S. Class Parties.-No class party or public entertainment held on the campus or for which members of the class shall be held bound in honor to contribute shall be given without previous permission of the Committee on Student Organizations. 6. Student Organisations.-All student organizations making use of any of the college buildings must file a statement with the Registrar, giv ing names of president, secretary, and treasurer; and all organizations collecting fees must deposit the fees with the department cashier and turn in their books at least once a semester to be audited by the audit ing committee. Any group of students intending to form a new organi zation should first consult with the chairman of the Committee on Stu dent Organizations. GENERAL INFORMATION 27

(4) It is understood that these services are of a nature which shall assist the holder of a scholarship to attain the mastery of some line of work in the department in which he is appointed. Armour Scholarship Through the exhibits of live stock at the International Exhibition in 1908, the College of Agriculture has been awarded one of the J. Ogden Armour Scholarships, amounting to $250.00, which is to be awarded to some worthy student in the Agricultural College. This scholarship will be available during the next college year. Gideon Memorial Fund In honor of Peter M. Gideon, the pioneer in developing new fruit and the originator of the Wealthy apple, the Minnesota State Horticul tural Society has raised a fund of five hundred dollars, which has been placed with the Board of Regents for investment. The income from this fund is to be expended by the Professor of Horticulture of the University of Minnesota for prize essays on some suitable horticultural subject. This prize money will be awarded at the close of each year. The Shevlin Fellowships • The late Thomas H. Shevlin, of Minneapolis, conveyed to the Regents of the University on May 17, 1910, $40,000 of five per cent bonds for fellowships. The Regents have in accordance with the wishes of the donor established four graduate fellowships under the jurisdiction of the Graduate School to be awarded as follows: One in Medicine, one in Chemistry, one in Agriculture, and one in Liberal Arts, each being the income of $10,000, and yielding $500 each per annum. They are awarded annually. Before,appointment as fellow can take effect the applicant must have completed the course for the bachelor's degree. Candidates for these fellowships will file their applications before May 1st with,.the Dean of the Graduate School, stating their previous education and attainments and the graduate work they desire to enter upon, and give suitable references.

ORGANIZATIONS

Philomathian Literary Society is an organization of the students of the College of Agriculture, its object being to train its members in the art of public speaking, debating, and parliamentary practice. The society is co-educatiolfal and its membership is limited to forty. Meetings occur weekly, and programs, including readings, recitations, debates, and speeches, are presented. Visitors are welcome. Athenian Literary Society is an organization of the College of Agri culture having for its object the training of its members along the lines of public speaking and debate. The society is co-educational. Its mem bership is limited to fifty. A program is presented each Tuesday evening, and visitors are welcome. 28 THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE

The Agricultural Club is an organization of the men of the College of Agriculture. The membership is unlimited. Regular meetings are held bi-monthly. The object of the club is to keep its members up-to date along the lines of general interest; first, by providing speakers of recognized ability, second, by provoking timely discussion. Especially are those subjects discussed upon which very little literature is available. The social side is not overlooked. The Dairy Club is an organization of students especially interested in the subjects of dairying. Already a large and enthusiastic membership has been drawn from College and School. Meetings occur fortnightly and give the students a much needed opportunity to thresh out for them selves the theories of the classroom. The evenings are occupied by talks and debates. Enthusiasm is the only requirement for admission. The Home Economics League is an organization of the women of the College of Agriculture. Membership is unlimited. The object of the association is to keep its members up-to-date on home economic move ments throughout the country, as well as to give organized backing to any movement for the betterment of the College. It is the ambition of the association to have a building of its own in the very near future.

LIBRARY

The Agricultural library is well equipped for supplying the needs of both undergraduate and graduate students. It contains more than 19,000 volumes of general and technical literature, government reports, etc., besides 50,000 unbound pamphlets, bulletins, and reports. The general subject and author card index and the index of publications of the State Experiment Stations are always at the disposal of students to aid them in locating the various sources of information which the library affords. There are complete sets of all standard encyclopaedias and diction aries and files of over 300 popular and technical magazines and periodicals. The librarian and her assistants are always ready and glad to give whatever assistance they can, both to those interested in special research work and to those doing regular reference work in connection with their classes. All those wishing to read or study are made welcome and given whatever privileges the library can provide. r

DIVISIONS AND EQUIPMENT

The courses in Agriculture are designed to give the student a broad education in the sciences and arts relating to agriculture and to fit him for the work of an agricultural specialist. The physical and biological sciences are made prominent. The work in these subjects is begun in the first or second year and may be continued throughout the course. For the first two years, the lines of study are prescribed, the subjects being chosen with a view of giving a good foundation for the work which follows. For the last two years, some elective work is offered, giving the student an opportunity to take work along certain lines for which he has a special aptitude and liking. Six months' practical farm experience is required of each candidate for graduation. It is expected that the work be done on some accredited farm on which improved methods and appliances are in use. This work can be performed during the summer vacations under.the guidance of the head of the division in which the student is specializing. In the College of Agriculture a portion of the work is taken in the College of Science, Literature, and the Arts.

AGRICULTURE

Equipment.-The equipment for instruction in Agriculture consists of the following: Laboratories and classrooms with apparatus for all courses, collections of classes and varieties of all field and weed seeds j herbariums of weeds and grasses indigenous to the State; a germinating room which affords opportunity for a study of the vitality and strength of seeds; charts and models of various experimental data of crops together. with bulletins on farm management, the cost of production, and other pertinent topics that supplement the daily lectures. Machinery used on University Farm and that generously loaned by the firms of the Twin Cities afford valuable opportunities for instruction work. The fields and plots of the Experiment grounds offer additional facilities and sub jects for use in class work. The student's home and farm is at all times made the basis of his particular study. The State Grain Inspection Department, elevators, mills, and farms adjoining the Twin Cities and vicinity furnish a study for the merchandis ing of grains and the planriing of farms. An agricultural museum, now being equipped, will contain much material that will be instructive and historic, and serve to show the close relations of Agriculture and the mod ern industries. Standard references upon Agriculture are provided for an exhaustive study of any branch of this subject and original research is a prominent factor of the agricultural course.

29 ------_..

AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY AND SOILS

Equipment.-A special laboratory with modem apparatus for the analysis of foods and agricultural products is provided. The equipment contains a Berthelot-Atwater calorimeter for the determination of the caloric value of foods, vacuum ovens, apparatus for the chemical and microscopical analysis of foods, and the necessary facilities for human and animal food investigations. Special facilities are offered in testing wheat, flour, and cereal products for commercial purposes. Nutrition investigations, including the digestibility of foods, the chemical changes which take place in cooking, and the losses in the preparation of foods, form a part of the Experiment Station work. This offers an opportunity for students to study methods of investigation relating to human food problems. Laboratory practice is also offered to advanced students in the study of household problems in which chemistry is involved and investigation of special problems in Agricultural Chemistry. Special facilities are offered for the study of the organic matter of the soil and its influence upon the chemical and physical properties of soils. The labor atory is provided with apparatus for the physical and chemical analysis of soils and for the study of special problems in relation to soil fertility. The library contains many of the standard periodicals and reference books upon soils and fertilizers. As soil investigations and a study of the soil areas of the State form a feature of the Experiment Station work, oppor tunity is offered for practical experience in the study of soil problems in relation to crop production.

AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

This Division includes the work in Mathematics, Physics, Drawing, Shop Practice, and the general principles of engineering mechanics and frame construction as they apply to Agriculture, the object being to com~ bine in each course such engineering features as will enable the student to perform the more simple engineerfug operations which will occur in the work of his chosen course, and will further prepare him to understand the principles underlying the more complicated problems of engineering and thus enable him properly to interpret plans and specifications and to carry on investigations in connection with engineers. The division is fairly well supplied with apparatus, instruments, charts, and photographs for properly demonstrating the work.

DAIRY AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

A. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY Equipment.-Representatives of some of the leading breeds of cattle, sheep, and swine are kept at University Farm and herds of blooded stock near the institution, and the annual show of live stock at the State Fair serve for extended observation of breeds and methods of management. DIVISIONS AND EQUIPMENT 31

Each year a number of experiments are under way in the feeding of these classes of animals. Breeding experiments are also undertaken with sheep and swine, and theoretical experiments with the smaller animals. Experi ments in summer feeding cattle, sheep, and swine wholly or in part on pasture are carried on each year. The live stock building affords excellent accommodations for class work in stock judging. •

B. ANIMAL NUTRITION The economic relation of foods to the kinds and character of energy expended by the animal body is a subject of vital importance to live stock owners. It is a subject which has received no small amount of time in experiment work from the Dairy Division of this institution. The facili ties in the way of laboratory equipment, as well as numerous animals for experiment purposes, are adequate for giving students a thorough scien tific training in this subject. The dairy herd and some sixty head of nutri tion steers are constantly kept for investigation work. Great stress is laid on chemical, biological, and physical phenomena affecting these problems, and to this end a thorough training in this science is given.

C. DAIRY HUSBANDRY Equipment.-Students in the college course have the advantages of the equipment of the Dairy School. The feeding and breeding experi ment in the Dairy Division of the Experiment Station serves a most useful purpose in the collegiate instruction. The cordial relations existing between the Department of Agriculture and other statl! institutions are often advantageous to college students well advanced in dairy work. Specimens of several breeds of cattle are kept for class use. Herds in the vicinity and those shown at the State Fair are useful to students in this course. This course is designed to meet the needs of those desiring a thorough knowledge of dairying. It will equip graduates for responsible positions as managers of large butter and cheese factories, stock farms, or for posi tions as instructors in dairy schools. Applicants must have had at least three months' experience in a creamery or cheese factory, for which three credit hours are allowed.

D. POULTRY HUSBANDRY The equipment consists of three laying houses with a capacity of 400 mature fowls, an incubator and brooder with a capacity of 1200 to 1400 chicks. New and enlarged equipment is soon to be added. Repre sentatives of the various utility breeds are kept. The equipment affords students a fair amount of practice aside from the work given in class.

ENTOMOLOGY Equipment.-Well-lighted laboratories with modern equipment are at the disposal of college students for both undergraduate and graduate work. Instruction is further aided by an excellent series of charts and 32 THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE lantern slides. The department is well equipped with museum specimens convenient to the lecture room, showing not only a large series of insects, injurious and otherwise, over 10,000 specimens, but also birds and other animals which have a direct bearing upon agriculture. A good museum is also a valuable auxiliary in instruction, and friends of the institution are urged to contribute specimens which illustrate the animal resources of the State. Excellent facilities for installing and caring for speci mens are offered. In economic work the student is brought into direct contact with spraying apparatus and insecticides. Practical work in bee keeping is offered in our apiary, and experiments in insect life can be carried on by advanced students in the insectary at nearly all seasons of the year. A course in Insects and Diseases is offered in view of the fact that of late years various insects or insect-like animals have been found to playa very important and hitherto unrealized part as earriers and transmitters of disease, and thus have a very important bearing upon the health of man. HORTICULTURE

Equipmenl.-The work in the Division of Horticulture is mainly carried on at University Farm. About twenty acres is here used for the field work in this line. The horticulture building furnishes excellent facilities for classroom and laboratory exercises. The special work in breeding and te.sting fruits is carried on at Zumbra Heights, CarverCounty, where eighty acres of land are devoted to this purpose and equipped with suitable greenhouse, storage cellar, barns, etc., affording excellent facil ities for this line of investigation. The campus of the Department of Agriculture is planted out with a collection of trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants suitable for this section, the specimens of which are labeled with their common and botanical names. The parks, greenhouses, orchards, and nurseries of the near vicinity afford convenient and satisfactory illustrations of the best commercial methods and ornamental planting. Our facilities in this line are unexcelled, per- haps, by any other college in the country. . The greenhouses, laboratories, and classrooms of the Division of Horticulture are well equipped with modern apparatus. The division library contains a large number of horticultural works and is further supplemented by a card index to all its literature.

HOME ECONOMICS

The work in Home Economics offered in the College of Agriculture is a four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science. It is intended to bring to the vocation of home making the same kind of help which the course in Agriculture brings to the business of farming. Aside from the universal need of education of this character, there is a marked and increasing demand for trained women to fill institutional and adminis- DIVISION AND EQUIPMENT 33 trative positions as competent supervisors of supplies and of hygiene where large numbers are cared for in collective housekeeping, as well as for special teachers in the several divisions of home economics.

MILITARY SCIENCE All male students are required to take three hours' drill per week for two years. An encampment is held each fall and those attending are excused from two-thirds of the work of the first semester which follows. Officers are selected from those who have completed the two years required drill, the lieutenants from the junior, and the captains from the senior, class. A cadet grey uniform is worn which costs from $15 to $16. Instruction is given in Drill Regulations, Manual of Guard Duty, Firing Regulations, and Field Service Regulations. A course in Mili tary Science is held for two hours per week during the second semester. There is a gallery range for indoor shooting, and range practice is held at Fort Snelling during the encampment. Manoeuvres are held each year with the St. Thomas cadets during the visit of the War Department Inspector. Another manoeuvre is held with a regiment of the Minnesota National Guard. Besides the benefit to the student from learning the rudiments of Military Drill he receives the benefits of the physical, mental, and moral training such as are bound to result from proper military training.' It is impressed upon the student that he as an individual is benefitted by this work. Confidence in self and manliness are two traits which a knowledg e of military life is bound to develop.

VEGETABLE PATHOLOGY AND BOTANY

Equipment.-The work of this Division is designed to assist the stu dent in correlating the fundamental facts and theories of Botany and the practical problems of agricultural and horticultural work. The labora tories, library, and demonstration material are arranged and equipped to enable the student to accomplish this correlation. The greenhouse and the abundant opportunities for observing plant life on the grounds and station farm furnish further excellent facilities. The plant and seed collections, including especially the plant diseases, are made useful to the student. A special field for diseases and weed investigation is maintained on the Station farm. Problems of agricultural botany and plant disease work and examination of seeds and seed mixtures are features of the divi sion. Special courses in applied botany are provided to prepare graduates for special work along the following lines: Diseases of plants on the farm and in the forest, the botanical study of farm plants, and the examination of seeds and seed mixtures. Graduates will be prepared for investigational work in Experiment Stations, Federal Departments of Agriculture, com mercial seed testing laboratories, and as instructors along applied botani cal lines. 34 THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE

VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SURGERY

Equipme"t.-The veterinary building gives ample facilities for good work. The hospital furnishes cases for study and demonstration and the dissecting room affords material and opportunity for studying the digestive organs, anatomy of conformation and type, and locomotor apparatus. A large and well-stocked museum contains ample material for illustration. Instruction is given by text-books, lectures, collateral reading, and by practice work. The lectures are illustrated by means of stereopticon, skeletons, manikins, charts, and by the living animal. Anatomy of loco motion, conformation, the digestive organs, and the higher physiology of digestion are given prominence. Infectious diseases of domestic animals are studied with reference to causes, recognition, prevention, and methods of control. Certain medi cines which the intelligent stockman should understand are studied with reference to uses and methods of administration. COURSES OF STUDY COURSE IN GENERAL AGRICULTURE Substitutions and elections, other than those specified, can only be made after the student has consulted with the Chief of Division in the course in which he intends to specialize and has received his approval. Six months' practical farm experience is required of each candidate for graduation in the Course in Agriculture. Students should consult at some time during the freshman year the Chiefs of Division in which they intend to specialize in regard to this requirement. FRESHMAN YEAR First S....est... SetoRd S."",.t... .German 1 or French 1 (3) "German 1 or French 1 (3) or or Econ. 3a, Indust. Hist. of Europe (3) Econ. 3b, Indust. Hist. of U. S. (3) Botany I, General (3) Botany I, General (3) Rhetoric I, General (3) Rhet. I, General (3) Agr. Eng. I, Math. 1 (3) Dy. and An. Husb. 26, Farm Dairying (3) Agr. I, Agronomy (3) Agr. Eng. 2, Math. 2 (3) Chem. 2, General (3) Chem. 3, Qualitative (3) Military Drill Military Drill SOPHOMORE YEAR First S.....st... Setoftd S.....ster tBotany 2, Advanced (3) tBotany 2, Advanced (3) "German 2 or French 2 (3) "German 2 or French 2 (3) or or 'IIPed. I, Principles of Teaching (3) 'IIPed. 2, Industrial'Education (3) Rhet. 2, Argumentation (3) Hort. 10, General (3) Dy. and An. Husb. I, Live Stock (3) Rhet. 2, Argumentation (3) Zoology I, General (3) Agr. Chem. I, Plant and Animal Life (3) Agr. Eng. 4, Mechanical Drawing (3) Zoology I, General (3) Military Drill Military Drill JUNIOR YEAR Firs' S....es'", SecoRd S.....st...... Agricultural Electives (3) Econ. 22, Rural Economics (3) Jkon. I, Elements (3) Agr. Eng, 11, Agr. Physics (3) tEnt. 2, Economic Entomology (3) Vet. I, Veterinary Work (3) tDy. and An. Husb. 14, Animal Nutri- tion (3) General Elective (3) tVeg. Path. I, Plant Pathology (3) Agr. Chem. IS, Soil Fertility (3) Agr. Chem. 14, Soils (3) "Spanish or any other modem language may be substituted for German, provided a program can be arranged. A student electing a language must complete the second year's work in the language elected. tStudents intending to specialize in any section of Dairy and Animal Husbandry may substitute for Botany 2 and for either Entomology 2 or Vegetable Pathology 1 any course in Dairy and Animal Husbandry. tStudents intending to take senior year special sciences should substitute Quantitative Chemistry for Animal Nutrition. Students intending to specialize in Horticulture may substitute Farm Forestry and Nursery for Animal Nutrition. "'Students intending to take senior year in Agronomy or Farm Management should elect Agriculture 3, Field Crops and Seeds. "Students intending to teach or supervise courses in Agriculture should elect Peda gogics 1 and 2 (6) in the sophomore year and take Education 1 (3) and Psychology Ib (3) in the junior year and Pedagogics 4 (6) in the senior year. (See page 37.)

SENIOR YEAR IN AGRONOMY OR FARM MANAGEMENT First S.....ster S.eofUl S.m.st... Agr. 11, Farm Management (3) Agr. 7, Farm Management (3) Agr. 4, Thremmatology (3) Agr. 12, Grain and Com Judging (3) Agr. Eng. 9, Farm Structures (3) Agr. 5, Plant Breeding (3) Agricultural Elective (3) Agronomy or Farm Management, Elect Agronomy Technology (3) ive (3) Elective (3) Veg. Path. 3, Agricultural Botany (3) Dy. and An. Husb. 7, Live Stock Feeding and Management (3) Electives to be selected on approval of Chief of Division. SENIOR YEAR IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY First S.m.ster S.eofUl S.m.st... Zoo!' 4, General Physiology (3) Zoo!. 4, General Physiology (3) Dy. and An. Husb. 17, Dy. Stock Feed- Dy. and An. Husb. 7, Live Stock Feeding ing (3) and Management (3) General Elective (3) Agr. 7, Farm Management (3) Dy. and An. Husb. 2, Poultry (3) Dy. and An. Husb. 6, Animal Breed ing (3) Dy. and An. Husb. 5, Stock Judging (3) Animal Husbandry Elective (3) General Elective (3) General Elective (3) Electives to be selected on approval of Chief of Division. SENIOR YEAR IN 'DAIRY HUSBANDRY First S.mest... S.eofUl S.m.st... Dy. and An. Husb. 18, Dairy Stock Dy. and An. Husb. 20, Factory Butter~ Judging (3) making (3) Agr. Eng. 9, Farm Structures (3) Dy. and An. Husb. 22, Dairy Bacteriology Zoo!. 4, General Physiology (3) (3) Dy. and An. Husb. 21, Cheesemaking (3) Vet. 2, Anatomy of Digestion (2) Dy. and An. Husb. 17, Dairy Stock Vet. 3, Physiology of Nutrition (1~) Feeding (3) Veterinary Elective (3) Creamery Practice (3) Dy. and An. Husb. 24, Dy. Bacteriology (1~) Dy. and An. Husb. 23, Dairy Farm Man agement (1~) Dy. and An. Husb. 7, Live Stock Feeding and Management (3) Electives to be selected on approval of Chief of Division. SENIOR YEAR IN HORTICULTURE First S.....ster S.eofUl S.m.ster General Elective Hort. 7, Plant Breeding (3) Agr. 4, Thremmatology (3) Hort. 5, Floriculture (3) Hort. 6, Landscape Gardening (3) Academic Elective (3) Hort. 8, Systematic Pomology (3) Hort. 2, Market Gardening (3) General Elective (3) Hort. 9, Spraying Materials and Comps. Hort. I, Commercial Fruit Growing (3) (1~) Hort. 11, Greenhouse Construction (1~) General Elective (3) Electives to be selected on approval of Chief of Division. SENIOR YEAR IN SPECIAL SCIENCES As a basis for graduate work in one of the following: Entomology, Agricultural Chem istry and Soils, Plant Pathology. and Agticultural Botany. First S._ S.eofUl S.mester Chem. 9, Organic: Chemistry (3) Chem. 9, Organic: ChemiStry (3) Ent. 2, Economic: Entomology (3) Ent. 2a, Economic Entomology (3) COURSES OF STUD Y 37

Veg. Path. 4, Advanced Pathology (3) Veg. Path. 6, Adv. Agricultural Bot. (3) Agr. 11, Farm Management (3) Hort. I, Commercial Fruit Growing (3) Electives (6) Electives (6) Electives to be selected on approval of Chief of Division.

Courses for Teachers and Supervisors of Agriculture

Students may, in addition to specializing in one of the senior years given above, prepare especially for supervising and teaching of Agricul ture in secondary schools. This is done by electing educational subjects as indicated on page 35. A first grade professional teacher's cer tificate can be obtained by completing the following courses: Ped. I, Principles of Teaching (3) Ped. 2, Industrial Education (3) Educ. I, History of Education (3) Psychology lb, Elements of Psychology (3) Ped. 4, Orgamzation of Agricultural and Industrial Courses (6)

COURSE IN HOME ECONOMICS

Students intending to teach or supervise courses in Home Economics may obtain a teacher's certificate in accordance with announcement in Courses for Teacher's Certificates given on page 38.

FRESHMAN YEAR

F i,s' Semesler Second Semesler *German 1 or French 1 (3) *German 1 or French 1 (3) or or Econ. 3a, Ind, Hist. of Europe (3) Econ. 3b, Ind. Hist. 01 the U. S. (3) Botany I, General (3) Botany I, General (3) Rhet. I, General (3) Rhet. I, General (3) Dom. Sci. I, Elementary (3) Dom, Sci. 2, Dom. Sci. (3) Dom. Art. I, Elementary Sewing (3) Dom. Art 2, Designing and Drafting (3) Chern. 2, General (3) Chern. 3, Qualitative (3) tHygiene

SOPHOMORE YEAR

Fi,s' Semesler Second Semesler Dom. Sci. 3, Domestic Science (3) Dom. Art. 3, History of Costume (3) Ped. I, Principles of Teaching (3) *German 2 or French 2 (3) *German 2 or French 2 (3) or or Rhet. 5, English (3) Rhet. 5, English (3) Library Methods 1 (3) Dom. Econ. I, The Family (3) Ped. 2, Industrial Education (3) Zool 4, General (3) Zoo!. I, General (3) • Agr. Chern. 2, Domestic Chemistry (3) Veg. Path. 8, General Bacteriology (3) *Spanish or any other modern language may be substituted for German, provided a program can be arranged. A student electing a language must complete the second year's work in the language elected. tAil freshmen in the Home Economics Course will be required to attend a course of lectures on Hygiene. ------_._------

JUNIOR YEAR Firsl Semester SteaM Semester Econ. I, Elements (3) Agr. Eng. 4, Mechanical Drawing (3) Zoo\. 4, General Physiology (3) Agr. Chern. 6, Chemistry of Foods (3) or Dam. Econ. 3, Domestic Service (3) Educ. I, History of Education (3) Zoo\. 4, General Physiology (3) Dam. Econ. 2, The Home (3) or Dam. Econ. 5, Hygiene (1) Psychology Ib, Elements (3) Dy. and An. Husb. 3, Meats (1) Dy. & An. Husb. 26, Dairy Husbandry (3) Dam. Art 4, Textiles (3) Dam. Sci. 4, Methods in Domestic Science Ent. I, General (1) (2) Draw. I, Freehand (3) Dy. and An. Husb. 2, Poultry (1)

SENIOR YEAR First Semester SeeaM Semesler Dam. Sci. 6, Domestic Science (3) Dam. Econ. 4, Position of Women (3) Dam. Art 6, Household Art (3) Agr. 9. Agronomy (3) Agr. Eng. 10, Household Mechanics (2) or and Hart. 10. General (3) Dam. Sci. 5, Household Sanitation (1) Dam. Art 7, Handicraft (3) Dam. Art 5, Practice Teaching (1) Electives (9) Electives (8) Courses for Teacher's Certificates The teacher's first grade professional certificate may be obtained upon graduation from the Home Economics Course upon completion of the following courses: Ped. I, Principles of Teaching (3) Ped. 2, Industrial Education (3) Educ. I, History of Education (3) Psychology lb. Elements of Psychology (3) Dam. Sci. 4, Methods of Domestic Science (2) Dam. Art 5, Practice Teaching (1)

• DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENTS

AGRICULTURE

ANDREW Boss, Professor of Agriculture and Chief of Division 21 1st fl.. Main Bldg. COATES P. BULL, B.Agr., Associate Professor of Agriculture 23 1st fl.. Main Bldg. LOUIS B. BASSETT, Assistant Professor of Farm Management 18 1st ft. Main Bldg. ALBERT C. ARNY, B.S. in Agr., Instructor in Agriculture 21 1st fl. Main Bldg.

1. Agronomy Mr. ARNY Three credits (six hours per week); first semester. Required of freshmen in Agricultural Course. A study of the principles and effects of crop rotation, supplemented by the working out of rotations suited to dilIerent farms and types of fanning; the value. care, and use of barnyard manures; bacteria as related to soil fertility; weeds in relation to crop production and farm profits; plant selection and breeding methods; seed selection; the use and care of meadows and pastures; the planting. cultivating. harvesting. storing. and marketing of field crops. A thesis on some suitable agronomic subject will be required.

2. Farm Machinery Mr. BASSETT Three credits (six hours per week); first semester. Elective. Open to juniors and seniors. Practical suggestions and practice work are given in connection WIth the best methods of adjustment. handling, and adaptation of the various kinds of machinery to the soils, weeds. and seasons. Durability and convenience in manipulation are chief among the points con sidered.

3. Field Crops and Seeds Mr. ARNY Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Required of seniors in Agricultural Course. Prerequisites, Botany 1, Agr. 1. (a) Seeds: Their Identity and Value In this course the students are made acquainted with the physical botany. the uses, identification. vitality. testing. grading. and judging of all classes of field seeds. Special attention is given to the reproducing value of seeds of various grades of grains and to the importance of testing. A thesis upon some phase of the subject of seeds is required for full credit. (b) Field Crops: Their Structure and Use In this course are considered the botany. cultivation. and economic value of the various cereal, forage. root, fiber, sugar. and miscellaneous crops. Special attention is given to the subjects of meadows. pastures, soiling crops. and to the production and preservation of all kinds of dry cured forage and ensilaged crops.

4. Thremmatology Mr. BULL Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Required of seniors in Agricultural Course. Prerequisites, Bot. 1. Zool, 1. Given in alternate years. 1912-13. ------

Heredity, variation, laws of breeding, the art of breeding, improvement by nature and under scientific experimentation, securing foundation stocks, value of using very large numbers, immense value of the occasional individual which can transmit qualities of peculiar value. use of an ideal, use and misuse of the score card, both numerical and graphic, intrinsic qualities, fancy points and distinguishing marks, statistical methods in breeding pedigree records of efficiency, fundamental principles underlying the arrangement of the record books, bibliography and terminology. study of literature of breeding.

5. Plant Breeding Mr. BULL Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Required of seniors in Agricultural Course. Prerequisite!!. Bot. 1, Agr.4. Given in alternate years. 1911-12. Botany of the reproductive organs of field crops, field crop nursery management, pro ducing new qualities by hybridizing and by change of environment, hybridizing versus cross breeding, in-breeding and self-fertilization, originating varieties and improving standard varieties by selection and by hybridizing, followed by selection, methods of disseminating new varieties. seed and plant introduction, experimentation in the theories relating to hered i ty. variation, and practical breeding, and the breeding of each of the various field crops grown in Minnesota.

7. Farm Management Mr. Boss Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Required of seniors in Agricultural Course. Prerequisite, Agr. 11. This course is offered with a view to emphasizing the business side of farming. It includes the choice of farmsj the comparison of types of farmingj the adjustment of crops to location, markets, and live stock; the systematic arrangement of crops in rotation; the effect of cropping systems on soil productivity and crop yields; the regular employment of capital, and the employment and distribution of labor. Special attention is given to the reorganiza tion of farm plans. Each student is required to draft a plan of a farm in which he js interested where some specialized type of farming is followed; to submit a business statement of the fixed and operating capital employed, together with the coat of operation. the revenue. and the net profit.

9. Agronomy Mr. AIlNY Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Elective in Home Economics Course. Open to seniors. A study of the principles governing the science of agriculture and their relation to farm life; a brief study of the origin, formation. and cultivation of soils; the movement and con trol of soU moisture; the conservation of soil fertility by systematic rotation and the use of fertilizers; bacteria in their relation to soil fertility; methods in plant improvement. The larger part of the time given to this subject will be devoted to a study of the cereal. sugar, and fiber crops from the standpoint of producer and consumer. Special consideration will be given to the crops and their by-products that are largely used for human food. The COurse is intended to give such an insight into farming as a business and into farm life that those taking it may be better able to lend their influence toward bringing about healthful ideas and surroundings for life in the country.

11. Farm Management Mr. RECK Three credits (six hours per week); first semester. Required of seniors in Agricultural Course. A course of lectures combined with text-book and practical work in the science of accounting and in kindred subjects. designed especially for students expecting to become farm managers, farm superintendents, or farm management field men. Consideration is given to the various forms of commercial paper, the relation of credit institutiolls to the farm and to business methods in common practice. Emphasis laid upon methods of cost keep ing and the drawing up of yearly statements which show the condition of the farm business. DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENTS 41

12. Grain and Corn Judging Mr. ARNY Three credits (four hours per week); second semester. Required of seniors in Agricultural Course. Prerequisites, Bot. 1 and 2, and Agr. 1. A history and study in detail of representative samples of the leading varieties of grain. corn, and grass seeds, together with the adaptation of each to different localities; the condi tions affecting the yield and market value; the uses to which grains and corn are put. Score card practice and comparative judging of grain, com, and grass seed is a prominent feature of this work. 13. Plant Breeding Mr. BULL Six credits (minimum). Open to graduate students who have had two years in Botany, Agr. 1, or equivalents. Thremmatology and Cytol ogy are required, but may be taken as extra work during -the course.

14. Special Agronomic Problems . Mr. BULL Six credits (minimum). Open to graduate students who have had two years in Botany, Agr. 1 and 2, or equivalents. The choice of subjects will be left primarily with the candidate; but it must be approved by the Chief of the Division and by the Committee in charge of graduate work. 15. Advanced Farm Management Mr. Boss Six credits (minimum). Open to graduate students who have had Agriculture 1, Elementary Economics, Agriculture 6, or equivalent, Farm Management 7.

16. Farm Management Surveys Mr. Boss Credit, six hours (minimum). Prerequisites, Elementary Economics, Agricultural Economics, Courses 11 and 7 (Agron. and Farm Management) or equivalents. May be chosen as a major or minor subject. (For grad uate students.) Special work in making farm management surveys of the farms of a certain territory or of special types of farming. Studies of the cost of producing certain farm products may also be undertaken in connection with the statistical route work of the Division. 17. Agronomy Technology Three credits (six hours per week). Prerequisites, Agronomy, and one year each General Botany and Chemistry. A study of field crops and their use in manufacturing commercial products.

RALPH HOAGLAND, B.Agr., Professor of Agricultural Chemistry and Soils and Chief of Division 15 2d fl. Chemistry Bldg. RODNEY M. WEST, B.A., Instructor in Agricultural Chemistry 16 2nd fl. Chemistry Bldg. WILLIAM H. FRAZIER, B.S., Instructor in Soils 12 2d fl. Chemistry Bldg. CORNELIA KENNEDY, B.A., Instructor in Agricultural Chemistry 15 2d B. Chemistry Bldg. C. H. BAILEY, Instructor in Chemistry 51st fl. Chemistry Bldg. DE FOREST HUNGERFORD, B.S., Assistant in Soils 42 THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE t. Chemistry of Plant and Animal Life Mr. WEST Three credits (six'hours per week); second semester. Required of sophomores in Agricultural Course. Prerequisite, Chem. 3. Some of the topics studied are: The ash elements of plants and their function in plant nutrition. the nitrogenous and non-nitrogenous compounds of plants and animals, the chem istry of seeds and plant growth, the factors influencing the composition and value of crops. and the composition and digestibility of foods. The chemical and allied changes which take place in the handling of milk and its manufacture into butter and cheese are also studied. Laboratory practice forms a prominent feature of the work.

2. Domestic Chemistry Miss KENNEDY Three credits (six hours per week); first semester. Required of sophomores in Home Economics Course. Prerequisite, Chem. 3, Qual. Chem. This course is devoted to a study of the chemistry of air, water. and food as related to human welfare. The following general topics are consid~d: Composition of air and causes affecting same, with special reference to air in dwellings; water: composition, safe water sllpplies, sources of contamination. and methods of detection and purification; fuels: composition and relative heating value; household chemistry; textiles; human foods: com position. changes taking place in preparation and preservation. Lahoratory practice sup plements the various topics taken up in class.

5. Quantitative Analysis Mr. WEST Four credits (eight hours per week); first semester. Elective. Open to juniors. Prerequisite, Chem. 3. An elementary course in quantitative analyais. The principles involved in gravi metric and volumetric analysis are studied. The work includes the gravimetric determi nation of iron, sulphur. phosphorus, magnesium. chlorine, acidimetry and alkalimetry, the volumetric determination of iron. calcium, and the principles of iodimetry. The purpose of this course is to prepare the student for advanced agricultural and soil analysis. Students intending to pursue advanced work in Agricultural Chemistry or Soils should elect quantitative analysis in the junior year.

6. The Chemistry of Foods Mr. HOAGLAND Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Required of juniors in Home Economics Course. Prerequisite, Chem. 3. Lectures. An advanced course treating of the composition, digestibility. and nutri tive value of human foods. The processes employed in the preparation of foods, as the mill ing of wheat and other cereals, the economic uses of human and animal foods, the compara tive value of foods, and the chemical methods employed in human nutrition investi gations, particularly in proteid and carbohydrate metabolism, and the losses of energy from the hody are studied. Dietary studies, including the cost of nutrients, and influence of different methods of preparation upon their nutritive value, are also included in the work. It 'Is the object of this coone to familiarize the stlldeat with the fundamental principles of nutrition and the use of literature llpon the subject.

7. Analysis of Foods Miss KENNEDY Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Elective. Open to juniors. Prerequisite, Agr. Chem. 5. This work includes the determinations of water. ash. starch, IIl1ll&r, cellttlose. fats, proteids and different forms of nitrogen in foodstuffs, the use of the calorimeter and polaris scope in food analysis. lIefore completing the course each student makes a complete proxi mate analysis of some foodstuff. This course is planned to meet the wants of those who wish to become familiar with methods used in food analysis and nutrition investigation. DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENTS 43

8. Human Nutrition and Dietetics Miss KENNEDY Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Elective. Open to seniors. Prerequisites, Agr. Chem. 6 and 7. An advanced course arranged to give the student a practical understanding of the problems of nutrition and laboratory methods employed in such work. The results of the more important human nutrition investigations will be studied and in addition each student will be required to carry on an original investigation with some problem of nutrition and to report the results in a thesis.

10. Chemistry of Wheat and Its Milled Products Mr. BAILEY Three credits (six hours per week); first semester. Elective. Open to seniors. Prerequisite, Agr. Chem. 7. This course is designed to meet the needs of those who wish to become familiar with the chemistry of the milling industry. It includes the determination of water, protein, ash, starch, sugar, gliadin and glutenin, fiber in wheat flour and mill feeds. Special attention is paid to the composition of wheat as affecting the quality of flour for bread making. Pro vision has been made for conducting milling tests with wheat, and baking and other physical tests with flour.

11. Advanced Agricultural Analysis Mr. HOAGLAND Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Elective. Open to seniors. Prerequisite, Agr. Chem. 7. This course offers an opportunity for those who wish to pursue work along some special line in agricultural or food chemistry. Work such as digestion experiments, analysis of dairy products, composition of crops at different stages of growth, etc., may be taken if desired. Students desiring to take this course should arrange for it befo

12. Dairy Chemistry Mr. HOAGLAND Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Elective. Open to seniors. Prerequisite, Agr. Chem. 7. An advanced course dealing with the chemistry of milk and its products. Laboratory practice includes the quantitative analysis of milk, butter, and cheese, and the detection of adulterants in those products.

13. Chemistry of Agricultural Products and By-Products Mr. WEST Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Elective. Open to seniors. Prerequisites, Agr. Chem. 5 and 7. Lectures will cover the composition of the principal products and by-products of agri. culture and their utilization as raw material in the various industries.

14. Soils Mr. HOAGLAND Three credits (six hours per week); first semester. Required of juniors in Agricultural Course. Prerequisite, Chem. 3. This course comprises a study of the soil from the geological, t>hysical, and bacteriolog ical standpoints, including such topics as soil formation, physical composition, and soil types, and the relation of soil to water, air, heat, soil organic matter and its transformation into plant food. The various factors in the control of physical condition of the soil are con sidered. Laboratory practice: This work will consist mainly of a physical atudy of the soil. Some of the experiments are: Determination of hydroscopic moisture; effect of drainage upon temperature of soil; flocculating action of lime; reaction of soils; apparent and real. specific gravity; porosity; conductivity; rate of percolation of air through soils; effects of soil mulches; influence of continuous cultivation and crop rotation upon the properties of soils; extraction of'humus, and determination of soil type. ---- -~.------~------

15. Soil Fertility Mr. FRAZIER Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Required of juniors in Agricultural Course. Prerequisite, Agr. Chem. 14. This course comprises a study of the inherent and cumulative fertility of soils. A further study of the interpretation of chemical analyses and compoaition of soils. the essential elements of plant food, their occurrence in the soil and availability, maintenance of fertility. green manuring, influence of soil bacteria. barnyard manures, commercia1 fertilizers, their manufacture and composition, draft offarm crops upon the soil, balanced soil conditions. Laboratory practice: This consists of a short course in the principles of quantitative analysis followed by the analysis of soils, crops, and fertilizers for the essential plant food elements, and a study of the chemical changes taking place in the soil, especially as influenced by different methods of cropping. Pot culture work is used to illustrate the importance of the various plant food elements. and commercial fertilizers in plant growth.

16. Physical Analysis of Soils Mr. FRAZIER Three credits (six hours per week); first semester. Elective. Open to juniors. Prerequisites, Agr. Chem. 15 and 5. Laboratory practice in the mechanical analysis of soils by the most important of the eleutriation and sedimentation methods as modified by the centrifuge. The student will be required to review and report other methods not used in the laboratory. and a study will be made of data available on physical composition of soils. Students intending to take this or other advanced laboratory courses in Soils should elect quantitative analysis in the junior year.

17. Chemical Analysis of Soils Mr. FRAZIER Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Elective. Open to juniors. Prerequisites, Agr. Chem. 15 and 5. Laboratory practice in the chemical analysis of soils and a study of the chemical methods employed in soil investigation. The student will be required to analyze soil from his home farm before completion of the course.

18. Analysis of Fertilizers Mr. FRAZIER Three credits (six hours per week); first semester. Elective. Open to seniors. Prerequisites, Agr. Chem. 15 and 5. Laboratory practice in the analysis of fertilizers according to methods outlined by the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. The object of this course is to prepare stu dents as analysts for fertilizer control work.

19. Research Work in Soils Mr. HOAGLAND Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Graduate course. Open to seniors. Prerequisite, Agr. Chem. 17. Special opportunity will be siven students in this course to choose some line of investi gation. and do original work. A thesis will be required covering all previous data together with result. of original work. .

JOHN T. STEWART, C.E., Professor of Agricultural Engineering and Chief of Division 7 Main Bldg. ALVAH M. BULL, Instructor in Farm Structures 4 Drill Hall HALL B. WHITE, B.S. in Agr., Instructor in Carpentry 6 Drill Hall HARRY B. ROE, B.S., Instructor in Ma~hematics_ 6 Drill Hall DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENTS 45

JASON L. MOWRY, Instructor in Mechanics 6 Drill Hall ALLEN D. JOHNSTON, Instructor in Blacksmithing Blacksmith Shop JENNESS B. FREAR, M.E., Assistant in Mechanics 6 Drill Hall LLOYD R. WHITSON, E.M., Instructor in Drawing 8 Drill Hall HARRIET GOLDSTEIN, Instructor in Freehand Drawing WALI:ER C. ANDERSON, E.M., Assistant in Drawing

1. Mathematics 1 Mr. ROE Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to and required of all freshmen in the Agricultural Course who have completed all entrance Mathematics. Prerequisites, all entrance Mathematics. This course is mainly demonstration and development of certain fundamental principles of higher mathematics with continuous application to the solution of a great variety of geo metrical, physical. and other practical problems. The subjects covered are: Variation and quadratic equations reviewed; special forms of higher equations; simultsneous quadratics; graphics; theory and development of functions. including maxima and minima, indeterminate forms, differentiation, Taylor's formula and the binomial formula; theory and practice of logarithms; indeterminate equations; and the general solution of cubics and biquadratics.

2. Mathematics 2 Mr. ROE Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to and required of all freshmen in the Agricultural Course. Prerequisite, Agr; Eng.!. This course covers the entire theory of plane trigonometry with numerous practical applications in problems solved with and without the use of logarithms and also the funda mental formulas of spherical trigonometry with such practical application as time permits.

4. Mechanical Drawing Mr. WHITSON Three credits (six hours per week); either semester. Required in Home Economics and Agricultural Courses. This course includes lectures on drawing; preliminary exercise's in the use of drawing instruments; lettering; water coloring; the making of working drawing\ from models; and the practical value of drawing in arranging buildings, machinery, household equipment, etc.

5. Carpentry Mr. WHITE Three credits (six hours per week); first semester. Elective. Instruction is given by means of lectures on the care and use of the common carpenter tools, such as should be found on every farm; also on methods of farm building construction, framing, laying out rafters. stairways. estimating building materials, painting, etc. In the caq>ente.r shop students are required to make mortise joints, splices. drawing boards. hammer handles. eveners, cupboards, etc. Each student is required to file his own saws. sharpen his planes, chisels, etc.• and to layout rafters for buildings.

6. Blacksmithing Mr. JOHNSTON Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Elective. The students are instructed in the management of the forge and fire, and in bending. shaping, and welding iron and steel. Particular attention is given to rapid and accurate welding and to the sharpening and tempering of steel tools.

9. Farm Structures Mr. BULL Three credits (six hours per week); first semester. Required of seniors in Agricultural Courses. Prerequisites, Agr. Eng. 4 and 11. ------

Each student selects an imaginary or real farm and makes drawings showing location of buildings. drives, yards, fences. etc.• paying particular attention to locating each building and properly planning them so as best to meet the requirements of each individual farm and the means at hand for erecting them. Specifications and estimates of cost of buildings are also made, 10. Household Mechanics Mr. MOWRY Two credits (four hours per week); first semester. Required of seniors in Home Economics Course. Prerequisite, Agr. Eng. 4. This course is given in connection with Household Sanitation. The two subjects are taken together and constitute three credits. The Household Mechanics includes lectures and practice work in drawing: location of farm buildings, drives. yards. etc.; architectural designing. the study of plans. fittings. and equipment; heating systems, ventilation. floors, and woodwork, painting, and decoration. Each student is required to layout plans for an imaginary or real house, paying particular attention to location. 11. Agricultural Physics Mr. MOWRY Three credits (six hours per week and laboratory period); second semester. Required of juniors in Agricultural Course. Prerequisites, Agr. Eng. 2 and 4. This work includes lectures, reference reading, and laboratory periods on both the theory and practical application of the subjects ordinarily treated in Physics. The various subjects considered are: Ventilation as applied to dwellings and barns; the pressll1'e and flow of water, including wells, pumps, water supply. and drainage systems for the individual house; light. its theory and methods of lighting buildings; heat, in the heating of buildings and the operation of steam and gasoline engines; electricity and its application to the farm; sound and rural telephone construction: the preservation of timber. manufacture of cement: laboratory work in pipe fitting, soldering. belt lacing, rope splicing; properties and strength of wood. steel, and cement. 12. Farm Engineering Mr. STEWART Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Required in Agricultural Course. Open to juniors and seniors only who have com pleted Agr. Eng. 2 and 4. Methods of keeling original records; e"plosives and their use on the farm: the manu facture of drain tile and sewer pipe; temperature. rainfall. runoff. Methods of making U. S. land surveys, and the principles of resurveying, the improvement of farm lands by open ditches. under drainage. levees. outflow culverts. and pumps. A brief summary of irrigation methods in the arid. semi-arid. and humid regions; roads and road construction in agricul tural districts. Methods and cost of farm fencing. practical work in mensuration. and elementary surveying. 15. Special Problems Mr. STEWART Three credits, minimum; nine credits, maximum. Open to graduates of Engineering and Agricultural Colleges. Investigation, collection of data, and compilation of facts relating to the various prob· lems of Engineering as applied to Agriculture. Offered as special problema to individual students who have the necessary preparation for pursuing the line of work desired. 16. Freehand Drawing Miss GOLDSTEIN Three credits (six hours per week); first semester. R~quired of juniors in Home Economics Course. Study. of proportion and form, including drawing from plants and other objects. A study of prospective in rectangular and cylindrieal objects. Interior drawings. Adap tation of designs of articles of household use, etc. Note: Students taking any of the above courses must provide themselves with the necessary drafting instruments, regulation note books. drawing paper, etc. DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENTS 47

THEOPHILUS L. HAECKER, Professor of Dairy and Animal Husbandry and Chief of Division 30 2d fl. Dairy Hall A nimal Husbandry Section HOWARD R. SMITH, B.S., Professor in Charge 2 2d fl. Live Stock Pavilion WILLIAM H. T<»lHAVE, B.S. in Agr., Assistant Professor of Animal Husbandry 15 1st fl. Main Bldg. JOSEPH S. MONTGOMERY, B.S. in Agr., Assistant Professor of Animal Husbandry 5 2d fl. Live Stock Pavilion RICHARD H. WILLIAMS, M.S., Assistant Professor of Animal Husbandry 3 2d fl. Live Stock Pavilion FRANK W. WHITE, B.S. in Agr., Instructor in Animal Husbandry 3 2d fl. Live Stock Pavilion ALBERT L. HUTCHINGS, Instructor in Animal Husbandry 6 2d fl. Live Stock Pavilion Dairy Section ROBERT M. WASHBURN, M.S.A., Associate Professor in Dairy Husbandry 38 2d fl. Dairy Hall EDWIN O. HANSON, Instructor in Dairy Husbandry 1st fl. Dairy Hall Poultry Section FREDERICK H. STONEBURN, Professor in Charge DWIGHT J. LANE, Instructor in Poultry 32 2d fl. Dairy Hall C. H. MATTHEWS, Assistant in Poultry 32 2d fl. Dairy Hall

1. Breeds and Types of Live Stock Mr. SMITH Three credits (six hours per week); first se mester. Required of sophomores in Agricultural Course. The breeds of horses, cattle, sheep, and swine are taken up briefly to bring out the form, quality, and condition desirable and common to the different classes. This is followed in each class of stock with the most common and valuable breeds for the State. These are studied carefully as regards their origin and characteristics, and as to their adaptability to the different Minnesota conditions. This work isillustrated wi th stock from herds and flocks maintained at the University Farm for this purpose. Work in stock judging is combined with studies of the breeds and types. A short period of time is given to the consideration of live stock management, including instruction in the best practices in breeding.

2. Poultry Mr. STDNEBURN (a) Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Required of seniors in Animal Husbandry Course. (b) One credit (one hour per week); second semester. Required of juniors in Home Economics Course. The instruction in this subject will include the foUowing topics: History and char· acteristics of the :eading breeds of poultry; breeding, rearing, and management of fowls for eggs and for the market; planning, building, and arrangement of poultry houses; managing incubators and hrooders. A model poultry house, containing pens of the most improved breeds, incubator cellar, work·room, etc., has been provided where experimental work and practical instruction are carried on. 48 THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE

3. Meats Mr. TOMHAVE One credit (two hours per week); first semester. Required of juniors in Home Economics Course. The instruction given to the students in Home Economics in the subject of meats as it pertains to the selection and value of different classes of meats and to the best methods of curing and preserving.

4. Stock Judging Mr. WILLIAMS Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Required of sophomores in Animal Husbandry Course. This course is calculated to meet the needs of students desiring to become expert stock judges and of those who wish to study animal form with a view ~f becoming breeders of superior animals. Score card work in combination with the presence of living .specimens is a feature of this course. Students are drill ed in judging from the standpoint of breed. type, form, stamina, quality. breeding capacity, suitability for feeding, and for general and specific production.

5. Stock Judging Mr. SKITH Three credits (six hours per week); first semester. Required of seniors in Animal Husbandry Course. Prerequisite, Dy. and An. Husb. 4.

6. Animal Br~eding Messrs. WILLIAMS and LIPP Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Required of juniors in Animal Husbandry Course. Prerequisite, Zool. 1. A study of the physioloJ}' of the reproductive organ. of anim"l. and of the processes of production; the causes and forms of variation; and laws of transmission and heredity; the application of these principles to the practical methods of breeding; a review of the practices of breeders famous for the improvement of live stock; outlines of methods for individual breeding operations, and for co-operative operations, including plans for a community co operative breeding project.

7. Feeding and Management of Market Stock Mr. SMITH Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Required of juniors in Animal Husbandry Course. Prerequisite, Dy. and An. Husb. 1. The principles of feeding as applied to economical production; feeding rations, feed stuffs, methods of feeding, care and management of breeding and fattening stock, manage ment of animals during pasture, yard and stall feeding for the block, and stable management suitable for the various classes of live stock. The work is based on the investigations of the experiment stations, and a careful review of Station bulletins and publications will be made.

8. Market Classes of Live Stock Mr. SMITH Three credits (six hours per week); first semester. Required of juniors in Animal Husbandry Course. Prerequisites, Dy. and An. Husb. 1 and 4. This will include a discWlllion of the various market classes of cattle, sheep, and hogs. Specimens for this work will largely be secured by going to South St. Paul and from the Station herds and flocks.

9. Meats Mr. TOMHAVE Three credits (six hours per week); first semester. Required in Animal Husbandry Course. Open to sophomores. DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENTS 49

A continuation of studies in meats as outlined in the School course, supplemented by dissection and studies of muscular structure of various kinds of meat. This course is designed especially for studying meat-making anim"l. and their products. Under general guidance each student makes up rings of animals which he studies in detail, at every step from the live state until the different parts are cooked and tested at the table. Full records and conclusions, as well as illustrations, are required in thesis form.

10. Live Stock Records and Research Mr. WILLIAMS Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Elective for seniors in Animal Husbandry Course. This course will consist of reviewing literature upon different phases of stock production. The Experiment Station records and other sources of information will be used largely. This together with original work will form the basis of extended compilatIOn of material on live stock husbandry, and a thorough study of systems of keeptng and compiling stock records upon stock {arms, and at experiment stations. Sufficient actual practice w.ll be required to become famihar with live stock records and herd books.

11. Animal By-Products Mr. TOMHAVE Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Required in Animal Husbandry Course. Open to seniors only. IndIvidual study of the hy-products manufactured at the large packtng houses will be required "f each student. The value and place that each has in economic use is considered.

12. Advanced Meats and ]udgins;: Mr. TOMHAVE Three credits (six hours per week); second !!emester. Elective for juniors and seniors only. Work along this Itne is a continuation of that begun in Course 9. More attention i. given the more important details roncerning meat, and a minute study of Its phYSIcal and chemical composItion IS reqwred.

13, Live Stock Practicums Mr. HUTCHINGS Two credits (four hours per week); second semester. Elective for freshmen. Feeding and stable management of cattle, horses, sheep, and swine; recording and cal culating amounts of pasturage obtained from different forage crops, keeping herd records, writing pedigrees, and recording animals, calculating feeding records and cost of production. 14. Animal Nutrition Mr. HAECKER Three credits; first semester. Required of juniors in Agricultural Course. Lectures and classroom work. The principles of animal nutrition, their relation to the economic production of animal and animal products, and the relation of the constituents in feed consumed to amount and character of products produced, form the basis of this course. Accompanying this course there will be assignments carrying out some phase of animal pro duction or the production of some animal product tracing the disposition made of the nutri ents in the feed. 15. Statistics of Nutrition Mr. WILLIAMS First semester. Elective. Prerequisite, Dy. and An. Husb. 14. This includes a thorough study of experiments made on ingo and expenditure of matter, and the income and expenditure of energy, the relation of food consumed to kinds and char acter of energy expended. 16. Nutrition Research Mr. HAECKER Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Required of seniors in Animal Nutrition Course. Prerequisite, Dy, and An. Husb. 14. 50 THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE

This course is open to advanced students and is offered during the second semester. The student is required to become familiar with the literature of 80Dle phase of animal pro duction, outline and conduct an investigation under the supervision of the instructors of the department. and prepare a suitable report of the investigation. For carrying out this work animals will be provided for slaughter tests. The object of this course is to familiarize the student with the methods employed in the study of problema relating to animal production.

17. Dairy Stock Feeding Mr. WASHBURN Three credits; first semester. Required of seniors in Animal Nutri tion and Dairy Husbandry Courses. Lectures on the characteristics. composition. and nutrition value of feed stuffs; the economical production of dairy stock and dairy products. A study of the production value of feeds or the relation of feeds to products. Practice work in formulating rations.

18. Dairy Stock Judging Mr. WASHBURN Three credits (six hours per week); first semester. Required of seniors in Dairy Husbandry Course. The gross anatomy of the dairy cow is studied, showing the relation of form to func tion. Complete life record of many cows is at the student's disposal. giving not only the total yield of each cow. but their economic productIon as well, placing the work on a scientific basis. A brief history of the dairy breeds is given and practical dril1 in breed characteristics. Many pure-bred herds in the vicinity of the Twin Cities are visited after laying a foundation by working on cows whose economic habits are known. The last six weeks of the semester are devoted to a systematic study of pedigrees.

19. Factory Management Mr. WASHBURN Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Elective in Dairy Husbandry Course. Open to seniors. Includes a study of the organization of creamery associations essential for success in operating creameries, the construction and equipment of whole milk and hand separator factories. and lectures On calculating dtvidends. sinking funds. percentage of yield. over run, etc.

20. Factory Buttermaking Mr. WASHBURN Three credits (sir: hours per week); second semester. Required of seniors in Dairy Husbandry Course. Includes lectures On the composition of dairy products, separation of mUk. cream ripen ing, preparation of pure culture starter, pasteurization, churning and working. controlling moisture content of butter. prepanng the butter for market, a study of market requirements. the examination and scoring of butter and cheese and practical demonstrations In the college creamery. or four weeks in State Creamery. 21. Cheesemaking Three credits; first semester. Required in Dairy Husbandry Course. Open to seniors only. November 11th to December 7th. Includes lectures and practical work in making common and fancy_ cheese as brick. and Gouda; also advanced work in the study of the importance of the quality and composi tion of the milk in manufacturing Cheddar cheese; the principles involved in cutting. heat ing. milling. salting. and pressing the curd. curing and marketing cheese, and the construc tion and ventilation of factories and curing rooms. Factory practicuma during vacation or lour weeks training in accredited cheese factory.

22. Dairy Bacteriology Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Required in Dairy Husbandry Course. Open to juniors and seniors only. DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENTS 51

Instruction is given in the preparation of culture media and the cultivation of bacteria. Durinlr the semester a general study is made of bacteria. their function a'nel actIvitIes together with a study of the milk flora and of commercial cultures.

23. Dairy Farm Management Mr. WASHBURN One and one-half credits (three hours per week); last half, second semester. Required in Dairy Husbandry Course. Open to juniors and seniors only. Lectures covering the fundamental principles of breeding for developing the hIghest efficiency in the mature animal. Forage crops will be considered and the arrangements of pasture and field for the most economical feeding of stock. One dairy barn plan will be required.

24. Dairy Bacteriology One and one-half credits (three hours per week); first half, second semester. Required in Dairy Husbandry Course. Prerequisite, Dy. and An. Husb. 22. Lectures on the morphology. classification. physiology. and cultivation of bacteria; their relation to sanitary milk production and to scientific dairying.

25. General Bacteriology Mr. WASHBURN See Vegetable Pathology, Course 8.

26. Farm Dairying Mr. HAECKER Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Required in ,Agricultural and Home Economics Courses. Lectures giving instmction in the care of milk. the mnning of farm separators. and the manufacture of butter. Lectures on the characteristics of the different dairy breeds and pomts deSIrable in animals intended for the daIry. the relation of form to production bemg the basis of instmction in dairy stock selection. Lectures are also given covering the practical phases of feeding. Along with these lectures. practice work is given in cream ripening. churning. working and packmg butter. in the use of cream separators. and in milk testmg.

DOMESTIC ART

MARGARET J. BLAIR, In Charge of Section 323 3d fl. Main Building GRETA E. SMITH, Assistant ELIZABETH BROOKS, Assistant MAUDE B. RICE, B.S. in H.E., Assistant GEORGIA BELLE ELWELL, B.S., Assistant

1. Elementary Sewing Mrs. BLAIR Three credits (six hours per week); first semester. Required of freshmen in Home Economics Course. Inatmction is given in hand sewing. including the different stitches. hems. seams. gussets. plackets. fastenings. and the various kinds of darning and patching. taking up the practical application of each in designing. drafting. cutting. and making underwear. The drafting is taught by a simple method in which only a tape line and square are used. Talks are given on the use and care of the work basket. touching upon the history of its implements. and upon the textiles cotton. wool. silk. and linen. also the selection of suitable materials and the care of underwear. 52 THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE

2. Designing and Drafting Mrs. BLAIR Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Required of freshmen in Home Economics Course. Prerequisite, Dom. Art. 1. Each student is given instruction in designing, drafting, fitting, and finishing a shirt waIst suit. Lectures are given upon proper dress, its style, neatness, and suitability to the wearer; also a color study from nature in reference to harmony of color in dress.

3. History of Costume Mrs. BLAIR Three credits (six hours per week) i second semester. Required of sophomores in Home Economics Course. Prerequisites, Dom. Art. 1 and 2. A course designed to teach the drafting of skirt patterns and the fitting and making of a thin dress. Lectures are given and research work required along the history of dress. Instruction is given in millinery suitable for home use.

4. Textiles Mrs. BLAIR Three credits (six hours per week); first semester. Required of juniors in Home Economics Course. This course includes the study of cotton, linen, flax, and wool and the manufacture of different materials. The student is required to make a note book containing samples of each material as it is studied.

5. Practice Teaching Mrs. BLAIR One credit. Required of seniors in Home Economics Course. Pre requisite, Dom. Art 3. Those eligible should consult the instructor as it is necessary to arrange the time for the individual students. Each student is required to do a given amount of work in teaching under the super vision of the teachers in the School of Agriculture or in one of the Mission Schools or private schools of the two cities. Lecture work in Theory and Methocb of Teaching Domestic Art as well as laboratory work is required. Preparation of materials for classes is part of the course.

6. Household Art Mrs. BLAIR Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Required of seniors in Home 'Economics Course. Prerequisite, Agr. Eng. 4. This course is taken along with or after the student has completed Household Mechanics, Agr. Eng. 10. Lectures upon house and grounds, notingthe distinctive character of the country home; the sanitary conditions involved.in the selection of the site of the house; the influence of the outlook; an elementary study of architecture in connection with planning a house; instruc tion in the fundamental value of color, form, and design; training the taste and emphasizing the laws of hygiene that should influence the selection of materials and styles in the finish ing and furnishing of the house. At the end of the term a book containing an original house plan with furnishing schemes and color selections is prepared by each student.

7. Handicraft Mrs. BLAIR Three credits (six hours per week) i second semester. Required of seniors in Home Economics Course. Pottery, basketry, leather work, weaving, crocheting, and knitting are taken up in this course and studied in their simpler forms.

8. Advanced Designing and Drafting Mrs. BLAIR Three credits. Elective. Prerequisites, Dom. Art.. 1, 2, and 3, ,------

. DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENTS 53

This course is designed especially to make the student more efficient in designing, • drafting, and cutting of patterns and making and fitting of garments. The course also includes the cutting, fitting, and making of drop skirt and tailored dress skirt. Lectures deal with the presentation of work, the appropriate dress for different figures, beauty and individuality in dress. 9. Advanced Textiles Mrs. BLAIR Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to seniors in Home Economics Course. Prerequisite, Dom. Art. 4. The study of textile fibers will be taken up. Their history, physical and chemical properties, cultivation, and manufacture will be considered. This course will include the chemical testing of fibers and fabrics as well as the microscopic examination of the same. Some attention will be given to the study of fur and leather and their proper care and stor age. The selection of materials in regard to their best wearing qualities will be studied. Research work to determine the wearing qualities of mixed and dyed fabrics will be pursued. The various weaves and methods of dyeing and the means of promoting pure fiber clothing industries will also be studied.

DOMESTIC ECONOMICS

F AN-NIE C. BOUTELLE, In Charge of Section 33 Main fl.. Girls' Old Dormitory MARTHA B. MOORHEAD, M.D., Lecturer in Domestic Hygiene 1. The Family Mrs. BOUTELLE Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Required of sophomores in Home Economics Course. History of the family as an institution. The economic functions of the family with regard to industry, prosperity, education, and population. The psychology offamily life. Lectures, problems, and recitations. 2. The Home Mrs. BOUTELLE Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Required of juniors in Home Economics Course. Prerequisite, Dom. Econ. 1. The evolution of the modem home from primitive conditions. Evolutions of the social, industrial, religious, and economic conditions in the home, and their relation to civic life. Influence of the standard of living. Administration, organization, and maintenance of the home. Lectures, problems, and recitations. 3. Domestic Service Mrs. BOUTELLE Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Required of juniors in Home Economics Course. Prerequisite, Dom. Econ. 2. History of domestic serVice in Europe in so far as it has affected domestic service in America. History of domestic service in America. Economic phases of domestic service. General principles upon which remedies for existing evils should depend. Lectures, problems and recitations. 4. Legal and Economic Position of Women Mrs. BOUTELLE Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Required of seniors in Home Economics Course. Prerequisite, Dom. Econ. 2. C.onservatism of women and the difficulty of dealing with women as an economic fac tor. Effect of social and industrial changes and of economic independence on women. Co-operation with special reference to women's work. Child labor from an economic stand point. Women's clubs, their history, use. and abuse, and relation to civic life. Invest mentswith special reference to the principles which should govern the investments of women. Lectures. problems. and recitations. 54 THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE

5. Domestic Hygiene Dr. MOORHEAD One credit (two hours per week); both semesters. Required o( juniors in Home Economics Course. The care of the sick, accidents and emergencies, infectious diseases, especiaUy the con tagious diseases of childhood, typhoid fever, and tuberculosis; causes, means of transmission, methods of prevention. Personal hygiene, hygiene of infancy, maidenhood, and maternity.

6. Euthenics Mrs. BOUTELLE Three credits (three hours per week) i first semester. Elective. Open to seniors only. A study of controllable environment and those social agencies which may impair or improve the characteristics of the human race. A brief consideration of the conservation of human powers both by the individual and by the state.

DOMESTIC SCIENCE

JUNIATA L. SHEPPERD, M.A., In Charge of Section 1st fl. Domestic Science Bldg. BESSIE BEMIS, B.S., Assistant (In Charge, 1912·1913) LOLA MCCLURE, Assistant CLARA AUST, B.S., Assistant

1. Elementary Domestic Science Miss SHEPPERD Three credits (six hours per week); first semester. Required of freshmen in Home Economics Course. Fuels: Composition, source, and available power for household use are considered, together with various appliances used in the culinary art. Cooking: The composition. digestibility. food and money value of vegetables, cereals, breads, etc., are carefully studied, and possible loues in preparing and cooking are elaborated by the use of suitable laboratory exercises. Research work is directed largely toward acquir ing reliable data regarding the composition. digestibility. comparative food and money values of such materials as are used in the laboratory practice. Laundering: During the semester the principles of laundering are elaborated; remov ing stains, dyeing. bleaching. etc., as weU as the right use of chemicals and machinery in the laundry receive due attention. The comparative value of starches and blueings is studied. The use of hand and commercial laundry machinery is tanght by means of demonstration. observation, and reading. Text-books, lectures, assigned readings, and recitations.

2. Domestic Science Miss SHEPPERD Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Required of freshmen in Home Economics Course. Prerequisite, Dom. Sci. 1. This course is a continuation of the food studies of Course 1. After April 1st an after noon session is substituted for one morning session. This afternoon _ion is devoted to the study of yeasts and fermented breads with laboratory work in breadmaking. Lectures, library research, laboratory practice. and classroom discussions.

3. Domestic Science Miss SHEPPERD Three credits (six hours per week); first semester. Required of sophomores in Home Economics Course. Prerequisite, Dom. Sci. 2. special attention is given to fruit dishes, the preservation of fruit and other food materials by means of canning, preserving, pickling, etc.• foUowed by the preparation and serving of some of the food material. commonly used in a strictly vegetarian diet. Labora tory canning, preserving, jeUy making, salad., etc. Lectures, library reSearch, classroom discussions. DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENTS 55

4. Methods in Domestic S~ience Miss SHEPPERD Two credits; second semester. Required of juniors in Home Eco nomics Course. Prerequisite, Dom. Sci. 3. The general subjects here treated are dietaries, table service, and methods of teaching. Special attention is given to dishes for invalids and children; school lunches, simple table service, glossary of special terms used, etc. receive attention. An attempt is made to insure studentsobtaining a comprehensive knowledge of methods of teaching. To this end practice teaching is required in addition to the regular class work during as many sessions as is practicable.

5. Household Sanitation Miss SHEPPERD One credit (two hours per week); first semester. Required of seniors in Home Economics Course. Prerequisite, Agr. Eng. 4. Given in con nection with Household Mechanics, the two subjects constituting three credits. Instruction consists of discussions in regardto the conditions necessary to healthfulness; the general application of sanitary principles in regard to food, air, and water; care of plumb ing, heating, lighting, and ventilating apparatus; dispoaal of kitchen waste, cremation, earth burial; etc. This follo"s Household Mechanics in order that the students may be able to gain a more comprehensive view of the subject of ventilation, heating, etc., because of know ing something of materials of construction from the architect's standpoint•

. 6. Domestic Science Miss SHEPPERD Three credits (six hours per week); first semester. Required of seniors in Home Economics Course. Prerequisite, Dom. Sci. 3. Students desiring to take an elective course in Domestic Science should elect this course in the first semester of the senior year. Those who do not take an elective course in Domestic Science are required to take this course in the second semester, senior year. The dining room in its different phases of equipment, care, etc., lahar saving devices and the possible application of business methods in housekeeping receive due consideration. Preparing and serving with limited means is required. Independent teaching with as much practice as possible in selecting food materials at the market. An itemized account of kind and amount of material used, number of students present, cost of lessons, etc. Adjacent public schools give opportunity for such work. Classroom discussions, laboratory practice, fancy cookery, ""rving, etc. This is the culmination of the student's school work, and each is expected to show her ability to use knowledge by preparing floor plans showing equip ment, with details of construction and tentative cost of a laboratory kitchen, as well as to make lesson outlines, practice their use, and revise and perfect them as far as possible.

7. Domestic Science Miss SHEPPERD Two credits (four hours per week); second semester. Elective in Home Economics Course. Open to seniors. Prerequisite, Dom. Sci. 6. In this course the students endeavor to solve by personal experiments some of the housekeeper's problems.

ENTOMOLOGY

FREDERICK L. WASHBURN, M.A., Professor of Entomology and Chief of Division 302 3d fl. Main Bldg. ARTHUR G. RUGGLES, M.A., Assistant Professor of Entomology . 301 3d fl. Main Bldg. C. W. HOWARD, B.A., Instructor in Entomology 303 3d fl. Main Bldg. 56 THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE

1. General Entomology Mr.WASHBURN One credit (two hours per week); first semester. Required of juniors in Home .Economics Course. The structure and classification of insects. Study of injurious insects in different orders affecting the household and garden.

2. Economic Entomology Mr. WASHBURN Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Required of juniors in Agricultural Course. Elective in Animal Nutrition Course. Prerequisite, Zool. 1 or its equivalent. Lectures upon injurious insects of Minnesota and best methods of combating the same. The use of insecticides and spraying machinery. Beneficial insects.

2a. Economic Entomology Mr. WASHBURN Three credits (three hours per week) i second semester. Elective. Open to juniors or seniors. Prerequisite, Ent. 2 or its equivalent. This course is a continuation of Course 2, and is advised for students specializing in Agriculture and Horticulture. or planning advanced work in the sciences. Before electing students must confer with Chief of Division.

4. Comparative Anatomy and Histology of Insects Mr. RUGGLES Three credits (six hours per week) i first and second semesters. Elec tive. Open to juniors and seniors. Prerequisites, Zool. 1 and Ent. 2 or equivalents. A detailed study of structure of representatives of different orders of insects.

5. Elements of Bee Keeping Mr. WASHBURN One credit (two hours per week); second half, second semester. Elective. Open to juniors and seniors. Prerequisites, Ent. 1 or Ent. 2 or equivalent. One lecture a week and work in apiary.

6. Special Problems Mr. WASHBURN Three credits (three hours per week); first and second semesters. Elective. Graduate course. Prerequisites, Zool. 1, Ent. 2, and 2a, or equivalents. Before electing students must confer with Chief of Division.

7. Insects and Diseases Mr. HOWARD One credit; second half, second semester. Elective. Open to juniors or seniors. Prerequisites, Zool. 1 and Ent. 2. Lectures upon insects and insect-like animals which are in any way carriers of disease. or which affect the general health of man or other animals. Such pests as the common housefly (and its relation to typhoid or other diseases). the malarial and yellow fever mos quitoes. fever bearing ticks. bot flies. fleas. lice. poultry pests, mange and scab producing animals will be discussed and studied. Before electing students must confer with the Chief of Division.

9. Advanced Histology and Morphology of Insects Mr. RUGGLES Four credits (minimum). Open to graduate students who have had Course 4 or its equivalent. Lectureo and laboratory· work. DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENTS 57

HORTICULTURE

LE Roy CADY, B.S. in Agr., Associate Professor of Horticulture, Acting Chief of Division . 22 2d fl.. Horticulture Bldg. ALFRED R. KOHLER, B.S.A., Instructor in Horticulture 22 2d fl.. Horticulture Bldg.

1. Commercial Fruit Growing Mr. KOHLER Three credits (three hours per week); second semester, Required in Horticulture Course. Open to juniors and seniors. Prerequisite, Hort.10. Geography of fruit growing, soils, tillage, soil fertilization, pollination, orchard pro tection, harvesting, storing, and marketing of fruits, yields, cost of production, profits, etc., and a brief study of the growing of tropical and subtropical fruits. Lectures and references.

2. Market Gardening Mr. KOHLER Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Required in Horticulture Course. Open to juniors and seniors. Prerequisite, Hort. 10. Geography of vegetable growing, soils, tillage, soil fertilization, seed sowing, vegetables under glass, pollination, crop protection, storage, harvesting, and marketing of vegetables, commercial methods in the production of the various vegetable crops, yields, cost of pro duction, profits, etc. Lectures, references, and a study of commercial practice in the vicin ity of the Twin Cities.

4. Nursery Practice Mr. CADY One and one-half credits (six hours per week); first half, first semester. Required of juniors in Horticulture Course. Prerequisite, Hort. 10. Seedage, layerage, cuttings, graftage, planting, pruning, thinning, storage of nursery stock; tillage of nursery lands; relation of insect and fungus diseases to nursery stock. Lec tures and practice work.

5. Floriculture Mr. CADY Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Required in Horticulture Course. Open to juniors and seniors. Prerequisite, Hort. 10. Lectures and laboratory work. Greenhouse management; temperature; soil; water ing; benches; propagation; prevention of diseases and extermination of insects; rest and growth periods of plants; plants for greenhouse cultivation.

6. Landscape Gardening Mr. CADY Three credits (three hours per week) i first semester. Required of seniors in Horticulture. A general course in the practice and principles of landscape gardeni~g, special atten tion being given to the planting of small grounds.

,7. Plant Breeding Three credits (six hours per week) j second semester. Required in Horticulture Course. Open to juniors and seniors. Prerequisites, Hort. 10, Agr. 4. , Lectures and laboratory work. The fact and philosophy of variation; crossing of plants; origin of horticultural varieties of plants. 58 THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE

8. Systematic Pomology Mr. KOHLER Three credits (six hours per week); first semester. Required in Horticulture Course. Open to juniorsandseniors. Prerequisite, Hort. 10. The classification and distribution of temperate, sub-tropical and tropical fruits; technical description and general study of tbe more important varieties; identification of varieties; judging of fruits; fruit literature. Lectures, laboratory work, and references.

9. Orchard Spraying Mr. KOHLER One and one-half credits (six hours per week); last half, second semes ter. Required of seniors in Horticulture Course. Prerequisite, Hort. 10, Plant Path. 1, and Ent. 2. A study of spraying II1aterials and compounds, their preparation and application. A large number of spraying mixtures will be prepared in the laboratory, types of II1aChinery and apparatus for their application will be studied, and practice ¢ven in the application of the more important applications.

10. General Horticulture Mr. CADY Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Required of sophomores in Agricultural and Home Economics Courses. The course will cover in an elementary way the principles of fruit growing, vegetable gardening, and plant propagation. Two classroom periods and one afternoon for laboratory work.

11. Greenhouse Construction Mr. CADY One and one-half credits 'six hours per week); first half, second semester. Required of seniors in Horticulture Course. Evolution of the greenhouse; types of hOllSell; II1aterla1s and methods of construction. Laboratory work in planning and estill1ating cost 01 glass houses. lh;cursions.

12. Advanced Horticulture Mr. CADY Six credits (minimum), Open to graduates who have completed undergraduate work preparatory to advanced special work in Horticulture, along one of the following lines: Plant breeding, vegetable gardening, pomology, or floriculture. The course will consist of lectures, research, field and laboratory work along the line selected. One season's work at University Farm. Fruit Farm, or other approved horticul tural establishment will be required.

LIBRARY METHODS

ANNA M. SMITH, Instructor, 212 2d fl. Main Bldg.

1. Library Methods Miss SMITH Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Required of sophomores in Home·Economics Course. Lectures and practice work given in the use of libraries and in the II1anagement of school libraries, including selection and purchasing of books, indexing, cataloguing, and general library administration for such institutions. DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENTS 59

PEDAGOGICS

DEXTER D. MAYNE, Professor of Agricultural Pedagogics 207 2d fl. Main Bldg.

1. Principles of Teaching Mr. MAYNE Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Required of sophomores in' Home Economics Course. This course includes a consideration of the elementary principles of teaching. a study of general methods, and a special study of methods of teaching industrial subjects. Lec tures, assigned readings, discussions, and reports.

2. Industrial Education Mr. MAYNE Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Required of sophomores in Home Economics Course. This course includes a short history of industrial education; the present status of indus trial education in Europe and in the United States; the place of manual training and home arts in an educational system; the place of agricultural teaching in the public schools; trade and vocational schools.

4. Organization and Administration of Agricultural and other Industrial Courses Mr. MAYNE Six credits (three hours per week). This course is given to acquaint students with the organization of courses in industrial subjects and their administration. It involves a study of the system of industrial education provided for Minnesota, and a comparison with systems in other states, Students will observe work in the School of Agriculture and in the Twin Cities and will prepare courses of study and syllabi on assigned industrial subjects. The administration of courses in the HighSchools of Minnesota under the Putnam and the Lee Benson Acts will receive special consideration. Instruction in industrial work for Consolidated Rural Schools and methods of handling school gardens in the cities and in the country. and practice teaching in the Agricultural High Schools of the State.

PHYSICAL TRAINING

GRACE DENNY, Instructor

1. PhysIcal Training Miss DENNY Two credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Elective in Home Economics Course. This course includes careful analysis of standing position and walking, aiming to cor rect faulty posture and to produce grace and strength; exercises of hygienic value relieving abnormal conditions and strengthening the heart, lungs, and digestive organs; aesthetic and folk dancing; also exercises with special attention to deep breathing; cross country tramps, skating, tennis, and games.

2. Advanced Physical Training Miss DENNY Two credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Elective in Home Economics Course. Open to those who have completed Course 1. Advanced work in continuation of Course 1. ~--~~------

RHETORIC I ROBERT C. LANSING, M.A., Assistant Professor of English 36 2d fl. Dairy Hall ESTELLE COOK, Instructor in English Home Building

1. General Rhetoric Mr. LANSING Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. .Required .of freshmen in Agricultural and Ho'me Economics Courses. Theme course: Lectures and recitations on the principles of themes. the construction of sentences, and the use of words. The papers written in the classes and examinations of the various departments of the College will be turned over to the English Department for correction of the English. These will be the subject of personal interviews with the student, and will partly determine his final grade in English.

2. Argumentation Mr. LANSING Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Required of sophomores in the Agricultural Course. Prerequisite, Rhetoric 1. The course consists of a. study of the rules of reasoning, the tests of evidence. and effective presentation. There is frequent practice in writing, briefing,' and speaking both from the floor and formal debate. Students who are careless and incorrect in their use of language in papers written in any course will be required to rewrite them under the su~ervisionof the English Department.

4. Public Speaking Miss COOK Three credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Prerequisite, Rhetoric 1. This course consists of the study and practice of the fundamental principles of voice production, articulation, gesture, platform deportment, and e"pression.

5. English Mr. LANSING Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Prerequisite, Rhetoric 1. Outline of course to be given in next catalogue.

EDWARD M. FREEMAN, Ph.D., Professor of Vegetable Pathology and Botany and Chief of Division 30 3d fl. Horticulture Bldg. WIELAND L. OSWALD, Instructor in Agricultural Botany 31 3d fl. Horticulture Bldg. E. C. STAKMAN, M.A., Instructor in Vegetable Pathology 35 3d fl. Horticulture Bldg.

1. Plant Pathology Mr. FREEMAN Three credits (six hours per week); first s~mester. Required of juniors in the Agricultural Course. Prerequisite, Botany 1. General outline of the diseases of plants due to fungus organisms; a special study of the life histories and classification of the most important plant diseases, particularly those affect ing economic plants of Minnesota. Thesis work and specialization according to the interests of the students; for instance, for forestry students, diseases of forest trees; for agronomy students. diseases of cereal crops, etc. Special attention is paid to methods of prevention and cure. Lectures. reference reading, laboratory, and thesis work. ,----

DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENTS 61

3. Agricultural Botany Mr. FREEMAN Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Required in the Agricultural Course. Open to juniors and seniors. Prerequisite, Botany 1. This course includes a study of weeds and weed seeds and methods of -detection and eradication. Special study of impurities of Minnesota seeds is made. Methods of seed testing both for purity and germination are given. The study of weeds includes the com mon weeds and other plants of agricultural importance, their distribution, history of intro duction, and botanical features.

4. Advanced Pathology Mr. STAKMAN Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Elective. Open to seniors. Prerequisite, Veg. Path. 1, Mycology. Special cultural and laboratory methods in Plant Pathology. Special practical problems in plant diseases. Laboratory, reference, and lecture work.

5. Advanced Pathology Mr, FREEMAN . Graduate course. Prerequisites, Botany 3, Veg. Path. 1, Mycology. Special problems in the investigation and prevention of plant diseases. This course is designed for minor or major subjects for candidates for advanced degrees.

6. Advanced Agricultural Botany Mr. OSWALD Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Elective. Open to seniors. Prerequisite, Veg. Path. 3. Special work along agricultural botanical lines. Special problems in seed testing and weed work.

7. Advanced Agricultural Botany Mr. FREEMAN Graduate course. Prerequisites, Botany 3, Veg. Path. 1, 3, 4, and 6. Special problems in agricultural botany. Designed for minor or major subject for candidates for advanced degrees.

8. General Bacteriology (Plant Pathology Division) Mr. STAKMAN (Dairy Division) Mr. R. M. WASHBURN (Veterinary Division) Mr. WILLEY. Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Required of sophomores in House Economics Course. Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors in Agricultural Course. Prerequisites, Bot. 1 and Chem. 3. General introductory outlines of Bacteriology including classification, culture methods, and biology of bacteria with special reference to agricultural importance (Division of Vege table Pathology), followed by special work in dairy bacteriology (Dairy and Animal Hus bandry Division), and in human and animal pathology (Veterinary Division). (See Dairy and Animal Husbandry 25 and Veterinary Science 6.)

VETERINARY SCIENCE

MYRON H. REYNOLDS, B.S., D.V.M., M.D., Professor of Veterinary Medi cine and Surgery and Chief of Division 16 2d B. Veterinary Bldg. CHARLES C. LIPP, D.V.M., Assistant Professor of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery 15 2d B. Veterinary Bldg. 62 THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE

WILLARD L. BOYD, Instructor in Veterinary Medicine and Surgery 15 2d fl. Veterinary Bldg. LouIs E. WILLEY, D.V.M., Instructor in Veterinary Science

1. Veterinary Work Mr. REYNOLDS Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Required of juniors in Agricultural Course. This course is given by lecture, by practicum, and by text. Its purpose is to fit students for intelligent care of farm stock. The work will cover animal physiology. anat omy, elementary pathology. causes and prevention of disease, lameness, unsoundness, and common medicines; and will be illustrated by stereopticon, charts, skeletons, and manikins.

2. Anatomy of Digestion Mr. SPENCER Two credits (four hours per week); first half, second semester. Re quired. Open to juniors and seniors. Prerequisite, Vet. 1. Comparative anatomy of the digestive organs. dissection, collateral reading, and reci tations. Chauveau's Comparative Anatomy is used for reference and comparison.

3. Physiology of Nutrition Mr. LIPp One and one-half credits (three hours per week); last half, second semester. Required. Open to juniors and seniors. Prerequisite, Vet. 2. This is an advanced study of the veterinary physiology of digestion. taking up the digestive fluids, nervous mechanism of digestion, absorption and digestion of grains and fodders. It also includes a study of body nutrition. body income and expenditures, source of heat supply and heat loss, and metabolism. Veterinary Physiology. by F. Smith, is used as a text and guide for this work, but students are required to do collateral reading.

4. Anatomy of Locomotion and Conformation Mr. WILLEY Two credits (four hours per week); first half, second semester. Elec tive. Prerequisite, Vet. 1. This course deals with the anatomy of locomotion. Tbe bones. articulations and muscles involved in locomotion and conformation are studied by text-book, dissection and collateral reading. Strangeway's Veterinary Anatomy is used as a text-book and Chau veau for reference.

5. Common Diseases Mr. REYNOLDS One and one-half credits (three hours per week); last half, second semester. Elective. Open to sophomores and juniors. This course deals with·common and serious diseases of domestic animals, their causes and prevention and in some cases. treatment.

6. General Bacteriology See Vegetable Pathology, Course 8. COURSES OF STUDY IN OTHER COLLEGES

BOTANY

COLLEGE OF SCIENCE. LITERATURE. AND THE ARTS

FREDERIC E. CLEMENTS, Ph.D., Professor, Head of Department of Botany . 207 Pillsbury Hall JOSEPHINE E. TILDEN, M.S., Professor 214 Pillsbury Hall CARL O. ROSENDAHL, Ph.D., Professor 18 Pillsbury Hall NED L. HUFF, M.A., Assistant Professor 214 Pillsbury Hall FREDERIC K. BUTTERS, B.S., B.A., Assistant Professor 206 Pillsbury Hall EDITH CLEMENTS, Ph.D., Instructor 207 Pillsbury Hall ALICE M. MISZ, M.A., Instructor, 16 Pillsbury Hall

1. General Botany "Messrs. CLEMENTS, HUFF, and BUTTERS, and Miss MISZ Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to freshmen. Laboratory study of the structure of flowering plants, from organs through parts and tissues to cells, followed by a brief study of common types of flowerless plants, leading to the origin of the flower and seed habit, and the classification of flowering plants; greenhouse study of the behavior of plants, correlated with the study of organs and tissues, and field work and classification of trees and shrubs, fruits and seeds, buds and shoots, and spring flowers.

2. Advanced Botany Messrs. CLEMENTS and ROSENDAHL, Mrs. CLEMENTS, and Miss MISZ Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to sopho mores. Prerequisite, Bot. 1. Greenhouse and field study of the important flower families from the standpoint of evolution, classification and identification, with especial reference to woody plants, com posites, weeds, and grasses; in the second semester the emphasis is upon pollination and seed production, following the life history from the origin of pollen grains and ovules through fertilization, development of the embryo, germination and growth; during the spring partic ular attention is given to the correlation of the year's results by means of the chart method of identification and classification.

3. Physiology and Ecology Mr. CLEMENTS Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to juniors. Prerequisites, Bot. 1 and 2. Study of the factors which make the plant's home, viz., water, light, heat, soil, etc.; response of the plant to its home, absorption, transport, water-loss, food-making, storage, growth, fertilization, and reproduction; adaptation of plants to their various homes, and the origin of new forms by selection, adaptation, mutation, and hybridization; structure and development of vegetation, i. e., grouping, migration, competition, acclimatization, invasion, succession, zonation, etc., of plants.

5. Fungi Mr. CLEMENTS Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to juniors and seniors. Prerequisites, Bot. 1 and 2.

The c~fication and life-history of the various groups of fungi, based on identifica tion, cultures and field work, with particular reference to forms which cause plant and animal diseases. Discussions and quizzes, laboratory, greenhouse and field work.

7. Flowering Plants Mr. ROSENDAHL Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to juniors and seniors. Prerequisites, Bot. 1 and 2. The course is designed to afford the student'an opportunity to become proficient in the determination of plant species and plant types, as well as to show the genetic develop ment and relationships of the flowering .plants. Lectures, reference reading, laboratory, greenhouse, and herbarium work, together with field work in the fall and spnng.

8. Ecology Mr. CLEMENTS Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to juniors and seniors. Prerequisites, Bot. 1, 2, and 3. A critical study of plant habitats by means of instruments, and the adaptations pro duced by water and by light, together with a careful examination of the causes and reactions of plant formations. Class discussions and quizzes, field and greeDhouse work.

9. Plant Physiology Mr. CLEMENTS Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to juniors and seniors. Prerequisites, Bot. 1, 2, and 3. A study of the relations of factor, function, and structure in the various organs of the plant, with special reference to absorption, transpiratlon, photosynthesis, respiration, irrita bility, and reproduction. Class d,iscussions and quizzes, greenhouse and field work.

11. Industrial Botany Miss TILDEN Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to juniors and seniors. Prerequisites, Bot. 1 and 2. A study of the origin, distribution, and cultivation of plants Ylelding products of economic value, the nature and use of these products, and the processes by which they are obtained from the plants. Lectures, demonstrations, topics, and laboratory work.

CHEMISTRY

SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY

GEORGE B. FRANKFORTER, M.A., Ph.D., Professor, Head of Department of Chemistry 114 Chemistry Bldg. IRA H. DERBY, Ph.D., Assistant Professor 220 Chemistry Bldg. EDWARD E. NICHOLSON, M.A., Assistant Professor f04 Chemistry Bldg. FRANK W. BLISS, M.S., Instructor 205 Chemistry Bldg. LILLIAN COHEN, M.S., Instructor, 106 Chemistry Bldg. LILLIAN L. NYE, M.A., Instructor, 106 Chemistry Bdg

2. General Chemistry (Given at University) Mr. FRANKFORTER and INSTRUCTORS Three credits (two lectures, four laboratory hours per week); first semester. Open to freshmen. This course includes a study of the chemical properties of the metallic and non-metal lic elements, with a brief introduction to organic chemistry. COURSES OF STUDY IN OTHER COLLEGES 65

3. Qualitative Analysis (Given at University) Messrs. NICHOLSON and BLISS Three credits (one lecture, four hours laboratory per week); second semester. Open to freshmen. This course includes the general reactions of the metals and acids with their qualita tive separation. Besides this mechanical work, the ionic theory and the law of mass action are discussed with special reference to common qualitative reactions.

9. Organic Chemistry (Given at University) Mr. FRANKFORTER and INSTRUCTORS Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to juniors. Prerequisite, Chern. 3. Elective. Lectures and laboratory work. The course includes the aliphatic and aromatic series with the preparation of the more important compounds.

14. Physical Chemistry (Given at University) Mr. DERBY Four credits (one lecture, six hours laboratory per week); first semes ter. Open to seniors. Prerequisite, Chern. 5. Elective. This course enables the student to gain a wide and varied knowledl'(e of physi~o-chemi cal principles and methods, both from the theoretical and practical standpoint.

ECONOMICS

COLLEGE OF SCIENCE. LITERATURE. AND THE ARTS ·JOHN H. GRAY, Professor, Head of Department of Economics and Politi- cal Science Mechanic Arts Bldg. EDWARD VAN DYKE ROBINSON, Ph.D., Professor, Acting Head of Depart. ment of Economics and Political Science, Feb. 1912-Feb. 1913. Mechanic Arts Bldg. CARL W. THOMPSON, M.A., Associate Professor and Director of Bureau of Research in Agricultural Economics in the Department of Agriculture Mechanic Arts Bldg. THOMAS WARNER MITCHELL, Ph.D., Assistant Professor Mechanic Arts Bldg. JEREMIAH S. YOUNG, Ph.D., Assistant Professor Mechanic Arts Bldg.

1. Element of Economics Mr. THOMPSON Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Required of juniors in Agricultural, Forestry, and Home Economics Courses; designed for those who desire a general knowledge of Economics and as an intro duction to more advanced courses offered in the Department. 2a. Physical and Human Geography Messrs. LEHNERTS and ROBINSON Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to sopho mores, juniors, and seniors who have not taken Geology 29. Consti tutes a unit course for which no credit is allowed until both semesters are completed. May be counted toward a major or minor in either the De partment of Geology and Mineralogy or the Department of Economics and Political Science.

• On leave of absence Feb. 1912-Feb. 1913. 66 THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE

First semester, given by Mr. Lehnerts: Fundamental physiographic facts, processes, and relations, with special reference to their effect on the activities of mankind; planetary relations, climate, land forms, and oceans; rivers, lakes, and waterpowers; ground water, and soils; mountains, plateaus, and plains; deserts, steppes, and prairies. Lectures, labora tory, and field work. Second semester, given by Mr. Robinson: A study of economic and political develop ment in relation to nature, exclusive of ethnography; meaning of the geographic and the economic interpretations of history; economic progress as a phase of adaption to environ ment, illustrated by reference to the industrial conditions of the leading countries. Text book, supplemented by lectures and reports on special topics.

2b. Economic Geography Mr. ROBINSON Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors except those who have admission credit. in Commercial Geography. Course 2a may profitably precede or accom pany Course 2b. The economic basis of modem civilization: the causes, both in nature and man, which control the localization of industries, the geographic factor in American history and economic development: natural resources and the economic problem of their use and conservation; the principal extractive, manufacturing, and distributive industries of the United States, its outlYIng possessions, and the leading foreign countries, especially those which have a large prospective value as markets for American manufactures and as fields for the invest ment of American capital. Text-book with lectures and special reports. 3a. Modern Industrial and Commercial History of Europe Mr. GRAY Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Optional with modern languages in Agricultural and Home Economic Courses in fresh man year. The industrial and commercial development of the chief European countries since the middle of the 18th century, with special attention to Great Britain; the effects of me chanical invention and political change on industry and trade. • Course 3a requires no preliminary course and may be taken advantageously with Course 1 or Course 26. (See Course 3b.) Given in 1912-13. 3b. Industrial and Commerical History of the United States Mr. GRAY Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Optional with modern languages in Agricultural and Home Economics courses in freshman year. Courses 3a and 3b are conducted each with a text-book, supplemented by lectures and prescribed topical readings. In each of these courses. One written report of considerable length will be required each semester. Given in 1912-13.

4. Advanced Economics Mr. ROBINSON Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to those who have completed Course 1; required for a major in Economics and should be taken as soon as possible after Course 1. An advanced course in economic theory. devoted chiefly to a study of recent theories of distribution. Assigned readings, reports, and discussions.

15. Business Organization Mr. MITCHELL Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to those who have completed Course 1. . Forms of organization to effect business control: executive committees: the main departments of a business and the principles governing sub-departmentization and office organization of each. Based on Parson's Busi"ess Admi"isl,alio", with lectures, theses, and class discussions. COURSES OF STUDY IN OTHER COLLEGES 67

16. Principles of Accounting Mr. MITCHELL Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to those who have completed Course 1. Aims and essentials of a desirable system of accounts; tabular books and ledger systems; proper treatment of discounts, contingent liabilities and anticipated losses; depreciation; expense classification; preparation and interpretation of revenue accounts, balance sheets, and other business statements. A laboratory course, supplemented by lectures.

22. Principles of Rural Economics Mr. THOMPSON Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Required of juniors in the Agricultural Course. Prerequisite, Economics 1. Introductory survey of agricultural systems; comparison of rural and urban economy; a study of internal and external economies of agricultural industries, giving special attention to loca1ization, marketing. land tenure and credit; the social and political aspects of rural economy. Lectures, assigned readings and written reports.

29. Seminar in the Economic Development of the Middle West Mr. ROBINSON Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to graduates, and to seniors who have credit in Economics 1 and 4. Courses 2b and 28 should also precede Course 29. In 1912.13. members of the seminar will undertake original investigations relating to the development of various industries in the Middle West. In alternate years, attention will be given to the development of tax systems and present problems in taxation, viewed as functions of economic development. Reference reading. discussions. and thesis work.

33. Seminar in Agricultural Economics Mr. THOMPSON Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to grad uate students and to seniors who have completed Courses 1 and 22. Research problems in the marketing and distribution of farm products. agricultural credit, farm ownership and tenacy, and agricultural organizations.

EDUCATION

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

GEORGE F. JAMES, Ph.D., Professor, Head of Department of Education 125 Folwell Hall FLETCHER H. SWIFT, Ph.D., Professor 300 Folwell Hall Course 1b in Psychology and twelve additional credits in Education are required for the University teacher's certificate. Additional work in Education may be elected from other courses announced by that College.

1. History of Education Mr. SWIFT Three credits (three hours per week) i first semester. Open to juniors and seniors. An introductory study in the history of education conducted by means of lectures assigned readings, discussions, and reports. The purpose of the course is to arouse an interest in educational problems, to secure some perspective for use in current investigations, with some command of the facts of educational history, and some ease in the methods of historical study. An attempt is made to bring out education as one phase of civilization and to show the connection of schools with other social institutions. Attention will be given 68 THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE

especially to an examination of the schoo1a of Greece and of Rome, the education of the early Christian centuries, the development of di1ferent types of schools in Medieval times, the rise of the university and of the humanistic Schools of the Renaiasance. A somewhat intemive study of the periods in the history of modem education. with special reference to the development of the various national syatems of public instruction. Di1ferent types of educational theory &re considered in connection with a study of the men who first advanced them, and of the schools in which they were first put into effect. This coune is a direct preparation for an understanding of the educational systems, theories. and practices of the present.

FORESTRY

COLLEGE OF FORESTRY

EDWARD G. CHEYNEY, B.A., Professor of Forestry, Chief of Division 31st fl. Horticulture Bldg.

10. Farm Forestry Mr. CHEYNEY Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Required of juniors for those specializing in Horticulture. This course is designed to give a general definition of Forestry in its different branches, and in its relation to Agriculture. It takes up in detail the formation. care, and uti1ization of the woodlot. the planting and in1luence of windbreaks, the preservation 01 timber, and the principles which should underlie the selection of species and arrangement in ornamental planting around tbe homestead. Lectures, recitations, and reference reading.

FRENCH

COLLEGE OF SCIENCE, LITERATURE. AND THE ARTS

CHARLES W. BENTON, Litt.D.• Professor, Head of Department of Romance Languages 200 Folwell HaIl RENE M. DRLAMARE, B.L., Instructor

1. Beginning French . Mr. DELAMARR Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to all. but juniors and seniors receive only half credit; both semesters must be com pleted before credit is given for the first semester; not credited toward a minor in French. Thieme and Effinger, French Grammar and Reader; modem texts.

2. Intermediate French Mr. DRLAMARR Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to sopho mores, juniors, and seniors who have completed Course 1. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. Francois. Advanced French Prose Composition; modem texts will be read. including some of the works of Coppee. Merimee. Daudet, Scribe, etc.

3. Scientific French Mr. DRLAMARR Six credits (three hours per week); Doth semesters. Open to those who have completed Courses 1 and 2. This course is designed to acquaint students with French scientific journals. COURSES OF STUDY IN OTHER COLLEGES 69

GEOLOGY COLl.EGE OF SCIENCE. LITERATURE. AND THE ARTS WILLIAM H. EMMONS, Ph.D., Professor, Head of Department of Geology and Mineralogy 108 Pillsbury Hall EDWARD M. LEHNERTS, M.A., Assistant Professor 107 Pillsbury Hall FRANK F. GROUT, M.S., Assistant Professor 102 Pillsbury Hal A. WALFRED JOHNSTON, M.A., Instructor 112 Pillsbury Hall la. General Geology Messrs. EMMONS and JOHNSTON Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to sopho mores, juniors, and seniors. The class is divided in four sections. High school or college Chemistry is a desirable antecedent, but is a prerequisite for one section only. A synoptical treatment of the materials of the earth and of geologic processes; physio graphic. structural. and dynamic geology. with a brief introduction to historical geology. Lectures, laboratory, field excursions, map study, and conferences. 2. Physiography Mr. LEHNERTS Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to freshmen. This course is designed for the students in Agricultural and Forestry Courses; and the work includes: (1) The fundamental facts and principles of mathematical and physical geography and their relation to human industries; (2) minerals, rocks, and building stones; (3) ground and surface waters; (4) physiographic regions of the United States; (5) natural resources, their utilization and conservation; (6) map studies; (7) local field work; and (8) practical problems. Text-books, lectures, and reference reading. 3. Industrial Geography Mr. LEHNERTS Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to students who have completed Course la. The structural features of the North American continent outlined as an introduction. Pollowing this is a. study of the types of soil a.nd domina.nt clima.tic cha.racters of the severa.l agricultural regions of the continent; a. discussion of the geogra.phy of industries as they ha.ve grown up within the pa.st 100 years a.nd their dependence upon physiographic conditions; a. study of loca.l industries effected through excursions a.nd reports. A brief survey of indus· tries in other pa.rts of the world pa.rallels the more deta.i1ed study of North America.. Throughout the course ca.use a.nd effect are kept in view. 4. Elements of Meteorology Mr. LEHNERTS Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Courses la or 2. The general principles of meteorology are treated, embracing properties and phenomena. of the a.tmosphere, inc!uding a.n expla.nation of the ordina.ry observations of pressure and tempera.ture, together with a. more el(tended study of the apparatus a.nd pra.ctice of a weather burea.u office. This is followed by a. study of storms a.nd climatic elements genera11y. The conditions of climatic cha.nges a.re studied and the influence of physiographic conditions a.re discussed. Text-bookS, lectures. a.nd reference rea.ding. 5. Geography and Geology of Minnesota Mr. JOHNSTON Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to students who have completed Course la. The physical geography of the Sta.te in its rela.tions to geologica.l history and industria.l development; the principles a.nd facts of pre-Ca.mbrian geology a.s exemplified in the Sta.te a.nd the extension of these into genera.l a.pplica.tion; the present problems of the Sta.te in a.griculture. dra.ina.ge, wa.ter power. mining. qua.rrying, etc. 70 THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE

6. Elements of Mineralogy Messrs. BOWLES and GROUT Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Open to fresh men, sophomores, juniors, and seniors who have taken high school Chem istry or are taking college Chemistry. The systems of crystallization; the morphological. physical. and chemical characters of minerals; c1assification and description of common minerals; the occurrence. genesis. and use of minerals. Laboratory work. involving the application of chemical and blowpipe tests to the identification of species; determination of minerals by physical properties and sight identifications.

GERMAN

JOHN G. MOORE, B.A., Professor, Head of Department of German 210 Folwell Hall HANS ]UERGENSEN, M.A., Assistant Professor 215 Folwell Hall OSCAR C. BURKHARD, M.A. Assistant Professor 214 Folwell Hall RICHARD WISCHKAEMPER, M.A., Instructor 216 Folwell Hall LEON METZINGER, Ph.B., Instructor

1. Beginning Mr. METZINGER Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to all who do not present German for entrance. Pronunciation. granunar. conversation. and composition; selected reading in easy prose and verse.

3b. Scienti1ic Intermediate Mr. METZINGER Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Prerequisite, Course 1. This course is arranged to meet the peculiar needs of students of this College. Text; Hodges. Scientific German.

4. Prose and Poetry Messrs. MOORE, JUERGENSEN, BURKHARD, and WISCHKAEMPER Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to all who enter the University with two years of German. Selections of prose and poetry. geography. history. and legend; review of German grammar throughout the year.

7. Advanced Scienti1ic Reading Messrs. JUERGENSEN and BURKHARD Six credits (three hours per week); Qoth semesters. Open to all who have taken Course 3 or 4. . Reading of scientific monographs and periodicals.

8. Seminar in Scientific Reading Mr. JUERGENSEN Two credits (two hours per week); open to graduate students and, by permission of the Department, to undergraduates who have completed Course 7.. . . ,.',' 1912-13. The literature of evolution (Hae~kel.Rein~etc,)' COURSES OF STUDY IN OTHER COLLEGES 71

PHILOSOPHY AND PSYCHOLOGY

NORMAN WILDE, Ph.D., Professor, Head of Department of Philosophy and Psychology 323 Folwell Hall JAMES BURT MINER, Ph.D., Assistant Professor 317 Folwell Hall DAVID F. SWENSON, B.S., Assistant Professor 320 Folwell Hall

la. General Psychology Messrs. MINER, SWENSON, and WOODROW Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to sopho mores, juniors, and seniors. This course is strongly advised as an intro duction for all who can give a year to the subject. Either la or Ib is required for the teach~r's certificate. Both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. The aims and methods of psychology, the facts and laws of mental life and the functions of the various mental processes in the adjustment of man and his environment; the study of mental development and the learning process in relation to training and instinct. lb. Elements of Psychology Mr. SWENSON Tkree credits (three hours per week); each semester. Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. For those who do not expect to take further work in psychology, but wish a brief out line of the subject, either as preparatory for work in philosophy or as part of their general education. The significance of mental facts for the problems of philosophy will be noted.

2. Logic Messrs. WILDE and SWENSON Three credits (three hours per week); each semester. Open to sopho mores, juniors, and seniors. The nature of knowledge, the laws of reasoning, and the principles and methods of scientific proof. The aim of the course is to produce accuracy of thought as well as to familiarize the student with the logical grounds of modem science. Text-book, lectures, all.d reports.

11. Ethics Mr. WILDE Three credits (three hours per week); each semester. Open to sopho mores, juniors, and seniors who havecompleted Course la or 1b or Course 2. An introductory study of the principles of morals.. Sketch of the historical develop ment of morality followed by an analysis of its meaning, showing the elements in human nature upon which it is based and the ground of its authority; the nature of goodness, the authority of conscience, moral knowledge, duty and responsibility; the application of moral principles to certain unsettled problems of moral life.

ZOOLOGY

COLLEGE OF SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS HENRY F. NACHTRIEB, B.S., Professor, Head of Department of Animal Biology 205 Pillsbury Hall CHARLES P. SIGERFOOS, Ph.D., Professor 201 Pillsbury Hall OSCAR W. OESTLUND, Ph.D., Assistant Professor 220 Pillsbury Hall HAL DOWNEY, Ph.D., Assistant Professor 203 Pillsbury Hall CHARLES E. JOHNSON, M.A., Instructor 2 Pillsbury Hall ------

1. General Zoology Messrs. NACHTRIEB and SIGERFOOS Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Required of sopho mores in Agricultural, Forestry, and Home Economics courses. A general survey of the animal kingdom aiming at an appreciation of the principles of organization, physiology, and development of animals. In the laboratory representatives of the chief branches of the animal kingdom are studied in detail and three or four weeks are devoted to a study of the development of the chick and some invertebrates. Lectures. quizzes, and laboratory work.

2. Essentials of Histology and Embryology Mr. DOWNEY Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Required of seniors in Animal Nutrition. Prerequisite, Zoo!' 1. In this course are taken up the development and minute structure of the animal as an organism built up of tissue combined into organs, and the student is given practice in general methods, technique, and the use of apparatus. The c.ourse prepares directly for most of the advanced courses. Lectures, quizzes, and laboratory work.

4. General Physiology Mr. NACHTRIEB Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Required of seniors in Animal Nutrition and Dairy Husbandry C.ourses. Elective for juniors in Home Economics Course. Prerequisite, Zoo!. 1. • In the first semester are considered the physical, structural. and functional features of living substance; the cell, present conditions, and expressions of life; and the theories of the origin of life and death. Demonstrations and simple experiments constitute an essential part of the course in both semesters. In the second semester the life of the cell is considered in its relation to that of other cells and the course is concluded with special reference to the teaching of physiology in high schools.

5. Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates Mr. JOHNSON Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Elective. Open to juniors and seniors. Prerequisite, Zoo!. 1 or its equivalent. The first semester's work is based upon a study of chordates, cartilaginous and bony fishes and all classes up to mammalia; the second semester to a detailed study of the cat alid comparative studies of the rabbit, sheep, and man. Lectures, quizzes, and laboratory work. Required text-books: Davidson's Mammalian Anatomy and Burkholder's Anatomy of the Brain.

12. Parasitology Mr. NACHTRIEB Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Open to those who have completed Course 1. Can be combined with Course 10 for a year coune. Reference and laboratory work on animal parasites, their structure, habits, life histories and economic importance.

14. Ornithology Mr. JOHNSON Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Open to those who have QOmpleted Course 1. Lectures. quizzes. laboratory and field work on the structure. classification, nest building. food. habits, and distinction of birds; migration, coloration, flight, etc.; practical demonstrations of the preparation of birds and eggs for &cientific purPDSes. Required: Chapman's Handbook of Bird~ of Eastern North' America. STUDENTS

POSTGRADUATE8-16

Evans, Nevada S., 3637 10th Ave. S., Min- Roe, Ellen F., 2105 Scudder, Ave., St. Paul neapolis Salt, Clifford G., Columhus, Ohio Frear, Dana W., Fort Collins, Colo. Stakman, Elvin C., 1485 Cleveland Ave., Harlan, Harvey V., Washington, D. C. St. Paul Hofmann, Julius V., Janesville Thompson, Mark J., Winsted Hungerford De Forest, Manhattan, Kans. Tolaas, Arne G., 844 Jessamine St.. St. Paul Kenety. William H., Fulda Walker, George W., 907 20th Ave. N. E., Mayland, Edwin, Cokato Minneapolis Kugimoto. Masaji. Tokyo, Japan Westover. Edgar L.. Brownell, Kans. White, Frank, Excelsior

AGRICULTURE

SENIOR8-8

Hagerman, William F.• Morris Olson. Andrew J., Renville Husby. John, McIntosh Peck:F'rank W.• University Farm, St. Paul Jesness, OsCar B.• Fosston Sturges, Paul E .• Buffalo Johnson. F. Roy, Casselton, N. D. Wern"r. Henry. Fulda f ...

JUNIOR8-21

v~ndenon, Arthur K.• Montevideo ';Nordberg, John Jr.• 2628 E. 22nd St., Min- "Bryan, William J .• Red Wing, R. 2 neapolis ,(Bullock. Benjamin F.. Breck School, Enfield, parker. John H .• 1272 County Road, St. V N. C. Paul ...... Carpenter. Fred B.. Sleepy Eye, R. 5 ,"",Peterson. Clarence C.• 2708 E. 22nd St., ahIberg, Robert C.• Fergus Falls Mmneapohs voracek, Daniel C., Glencoe vPlaisance, Gerald P., Stewart ~itzpatrick. Guy. 1455 Cleveland Ave., St. .IRicks, Nelson D.• University Farm, St. Paul Paul ""Rose, Raymond C., Duluth 'VlJagen. Percy E., Janesville yI*Rustad, Emil 0 .. Black River Falls, Wis. vRooper, Lynn Goodrich. 3830 N. Lyndale vValJeau, Willtam Dorney, 2231 Scudder Ave., Ave" Mmneapo!is St. Paul Kelley, F. John. Belle Plame ¥'\ron Berg, Leonard E.. Albert Lea Morek, Hans M.• Storden Wdcox, Roy H .. 5408 Nicollet Ave., Minne- 'apolis

SOPHOMORE8-41

..r*Anderson. Philip A. W•• Forest Lake, Box Clapp, Franklin C., Mankato, R. 4. 53 "~leland. Spencer B., Waseca -(Beach, Walter S., Hutchinson "Cole. Benjamin, Canby \/'Borst, Harold L.. 1419 5th St. S. E .• Minne-"'Curran. James M., Thief River Falls / apolis Vnaniels, Franc P.• 2112 Kenwood Parkway, V *Borst. Milton, H.• Windom Minneapolis VBrown, Leslie R., 1018 4th St. S. E .• Minne- Enerson, Arthur E., Glencoe . apolis

I *Famquist. William C.• 2215 22nd Ave. 5., -6-eterson. A1gert L., Buftalo. R. 2 Minneapolis IfPiemeisel. Frank J .• Jordan ./. *Hanson. Harlow J •• Hutchinson ' Pinaka, F. Harold. 1217 Dayton Ave., St. ;Harrison. Harold F.• Hallock Paul ,/Jhle. John, N~olden Robbins. Leon H.• Clearwater "Lashbrook. Alfred J .• Northfield ~o~n, Lynn 5.,1139 Raymond Ave., Leaman, John W.• 325 6th Ave., S. E., St. PlOul Minneapolis ~hneiderhan. Felix D., Jordan . ;"'ovgren, Bernard N•• Red Wing ~isler"RaymondL., Grand Rapids .lMcDonald, Arthur B., 866 Main St., Osh· ~peb'. Ray P., 1476 Chelmsford Ave., St. / kosll., Wis. Paul ")door.e, Fred F., Stewart ,('~~nek, Joseph A., Montgomery ./Norc.ross, Everett W., 3122 Clinton Ave., "'Swedberg, Jasper I., White Bear Minneapolis ""'V~ak. Jay P., Worthington "ppp~l, Carl A.• Fulda ~YYrber. Gustav P.. St. Charles JOrsinger, Ward 5.• White Bear .AVtIcox. William W., White Bear .{j'arJl.er. Frederick L., 579 Rondo St.• St. PauWtv,illlOn, Donald, Stillwater "Peake, George W., Eagle Bend Wirth, Clarence A., 1700 3rd St. N., Minne- VPerkins, Alfred G., 1780 Wakefield Ave., St. apolis Palll

FRESHMEN-51

Anderson, Sophus H.• 1485 Cleveland Ave.• LarIlOn, Homer A., Fosston St. Paul Ludlow. H. Dwight, Worthington o.If3auman, Edwin E., Prior Lake Lundholm, Arthur, 677 University Av.... viirandt, George C•• 680 Osceola Ave.. St. ~t, Paul P&.ul VMcLean, Robert, 2217 Colfax Ave. 5., Min- vilumgardner, Hugh K.• 379 Lookout Placp, neal>Olis 8'1:. Paul MacGilvra, Everett E.• 1208 Raymond Ave., Burns. James F., 2320 Fremont Ave.• 5.. ~t; Paul Minneapolis ~eck. Calton. L. B., 913 Sims St., St. Paul Campb~ll, Louis A.• «hippewa Falls. WIS, VM:or!an, Ogden C.. 1921 Irving Ave. 5., /Clague', Eliot. 1502 Ra~d Ave., St. Paul Minneapolis ~larke, Harry E.• 913 EustiaSt.• St. Paul:¥urphy, Eugene E.• Lakefield 'wie, G. Grey, 2057 Grand Ave., St. Paul ~e1son, Arthur E.. Hallock h, Victor A., S'IlithVllle . • ~elsOn. Nelof, Dawson ~erby, Paul E., 820 9th Ave. S. E .• Minne-~Jutson, Earl J .• 3037 Fremont Ave. 5 .• "';'polis Minneapolis V'Duxbury, Pierre S., 524 Ashland Ave., St. ~'Brien, Harold T.• 2325 Buford Ave., St. 'P~ hul errell, T. Howard, Owatonna, R. 8 ~er. Remington. White Bear . ~lygare, J. Benjamin, Winthrop ~~n, R. Maynard, University Farm, St. ,,;'Hacking, Robert W.. 516 3rd Ave. S. E.. 'Paul Minneapolis . Schryver, Lloyd L., 900 30th Ave. N., Min- Hajicek. Mat P., Hutchinson 'neapolis lAIadsen, George N., Bird Island ~r1es, Harold Ro, Rochester Holman. Peter A., 626 E.18th St. Minnea~tePhI.Otto E.• 1107 S. 11th St., La Crosse. olis W ... ~owell, Thomas R., 2628 Garfield Ave. S.. Stryker, Perin. 1280 River Blvd.• St. Paul / Minneapolis ~OlllPllOD, Samuel H.• Hutchinson . oIHusby, Ingvar, McIntosh VDnand. Selmar A., Blooming Prairie 0ah~ke, Emil, Pepin. Wis. ..(W;.ur.er, Roy C., 2000 Hennepin Ave., Min. lesrless, Martin, Fosston -"'neapolis hDsrud' Peder L., Spring Grove, R. 3 ,",Weiss. Freeman, 1602 N. Fremont Ave., alllSh. William C., Lakefield Minneapolis ~e.:ne, Purley L., Mankato, R. 6 ie1!s, F. Grant, 2248 Carter Ave., St. Paul -JIGpgsley. Daniel P .• 2322 Bryant Ave. 5.. ~son, Thomas, Dover Minneapolis .Za~oral, Henry G., Hutchinson STUDENTS 75

HOME ECONOMICS COURSE

SENIORs-a

Adams, Emma T., Owatonna McIntosh, Marguerite F., 201 Cleveland Best. Emir. 1111 3rd Ave. S.• Fargo, N. D. Ave. N., St. Paul Brooks, Elizabeth F., Grand Rapids Morton, Agnes, Elmwood, III. Collier, "va 1.,806 4th St. S. E.,. Minne. Mueller, Martha J., 979 Hudson Ave., St. apolis Paul . Cornish, Ruth, Vernon Center Ober. Catherine, 643 Washington St. N. E., Drew, Cosette, 5224 41st Ave. S., Minne Minneapolia apol'l&.. Thompson, Katherine G.. 1015 13th Ave. Hopkil1tl, Rachel, R. I, Sta. F., Minneapolis S. E., Minneapolis Larson, Elvtra C., 301 6th St. S., Minneapo- Williams, Ruth J., St. Louis Park, R. 1 lis •

JUNIORS-I0

oICampbell, Ruth E., 220 Nelson Ave., St. V Hawkinson, Julia D., St. James Paul ~g'ers, Ethel, Windom Carlson, Gudrun I., 413 Delaware St. S. E.,/Smith, Et,hel A., 1401 W. 36th St., Minne- Minneapolis ,altolis .!Duncan, Janet K., 806 4th St. S. E., Minne'.\lfne~ Ella May, 403 Dewey Ave., St. Paul apolis ~orben, Ella H., 524 13th Ave. S. E., Minne· Gray, Gface A.. River Falls, Wis. ailolis Hall, Ruth M., 981 Bayless Ave., St. Paul

SOPHOMORE8-32 / Allison, Minnie S., Milaca v:.Knopp, Marguerite F .. 2i5 E. Robie St., ~aird, Edna P., Stanford. Ill. ~St. Paul '/Be~n, Agnes L., 1815 Como Ave. S. E., ache, Genevieve E., Pine Island /Minneapolis Lewis, Rhoda, 698 Ashland Ave.. St. Patti I('Bede, Retta, Pine City Lovett, Ruth E., 3236 Lyndale Ave., Minne. -fBrown, Beryl B., 1531 7th St. S. E., Minne.~apolis apolis axwell, Mtrdyaleen, Fulda lI'Burgan, Genevieve L., 2315 Sheridan Ave. ui~, Jean I., 1811 Como Ave. S. E., N., Minneapolis Minneapolis ""'Cunningham, Leola, Buffalo Nelson, Julia A., Evansville lII""Fraiken, Imadee M.. 2745 17th Ave. S., OlsOn, J. Adelia, Triumph . Minneapolis ,jgotte" Olive M., Springfield ~raser, Mary J., 17 E. 27th St., Minneapo- .Jiheire, Caroline M., 1167 Chatsworth St., lis / St: Paul .rGreen, Mrs. Etta, Mallory ,/Sherwin, Rena M•• Monticello jIali, Saidee L., Cambridge, Wis. Simmons, Marjorie M., 3000 S. Knox Ave., "'Hillman, Alice M., 396 Dewey Ave., St. Mimieapolis . /' PaUl 'Sly, Florence A., 2933 3rd Ave. S., Minne- y *Hubbard, Elizabeth D.. Excelsior apolis *Johnson, Elizabeth W.. 59 Seymour Ave. Streed, Anna M., Little Falls S: E. Minneapolis VOlland, Amelia 0., Blooming Prairie ~Keller, Martha K., Dundas, R. 1. ~psod" Ada L., Lake Crystal Wilson, Leila E.: Gridley, 111.

FRESHMEN-83

Ackley, Louise C., 925 17th Ave. S. E., ~abcock, Doris A., 95 Langside, Winnipeg, Minneapolis Man., Canada ."/Amidon, Muriel M., Houston 'IAlarton, Elizabeth C., 141 E. 25th St., Min• Anlierson, May S., Milaca * neapolis - ~~~- -~ ~---

./Birmingham, Myra F., 1567 W. 7th St., St•.fKilgore, Rachel E., 710 7th St. S. E., Min- ./, Paul neapolis .. Boeckh, Bernice C., Lansing, Iowa ~ngsbury, Hazel A., Monticello .l'Uoeckh, Martha L., Lansing, Iowa arIlon, Carrie P., Atwater :l:umgardner, Helen E., 379 Lookout Place, e,'Marjorie W., Stillwater / St:Paul nning, Gladys C., 1604 E. Superior St., "Burnham, Alice 14., Detroit Duluth j;arte~, M. Luella, Deer River . Lokke, Josie 14., Grand Meadow oIChladek, Elizabeth A., Tyndall, S. D. ""i~mis, Florence 14., Wells ..collopy, Rose L.. Hazel Park, St. Paul LUbiens, Irma V., St. Ansgare, Iowa .l'Conley, Ora K., Cannon Falls v.Lynner, Inglne, Clarkfield ~Co"\eltusen, Clara, Benson Maclean, Marjorie, 2641 Fremont Ave. N., ~ Crosman, Flossie 14., 3628 4th Ave S.,. ../ Minneapolis Minneapolis "'Morgan, Georgetta, Zumbrota Cutllmings, Marguerite 14., 11 Summit ){org/an, S. Edith. Zumbrota Court. St. Paul \{Nel'son, Hannah C., 504 Union Ave. N., ./Day, Ruetta T., St. James Fergus Valls Dosta1, Vera G., 1026 24th Ave. N. E.. Neudeck, Mabel C., 1900 Rondo St., Merri- Minneapolis lm Park 'Dunphy, Mary, 832 Holly Ave., St. Paul '-/Nobles, Carrie V., Sumter ..Eddy; Josephine L., Morris Noggle. Beth 14., S'OUI Falls, S. D. ./' ElliSon, Viola 14., Monticello Olsen, O. Antoinette, 822 7th St. S. E., )1:ng8trom, Mildred L.• Cannon Falls • Minneapolis "'Forester, Helen, 3656 Portland Av~., Min- vtSlson, Florence E., 1287 De Soto St., St. neapolis / Pa'ul v'Fortier, Ruth A.• 2819 Pleasant Ave. S., If:Papez. Mary A., Hector ../ Minneapolis PetJrs, Claribel C., 94 W. George St.; St. Foster. Inez 14., Big Lake /Paul Fulford, Ida F., Sioux Flllls, S. D. ~elps, Ethelwynn, 1306 57th Ave. W., .;. Gillard. Marion S., 1671 Marshall Ave., St. Duluth Paul £.·ps. Birdine 14., Lansing v"Glotfelter, He:en. Waterville d. Jessie F., 4218 London Road, Duluth Golf, Mary E., Mapleton usa, Ethel 0 .. Robbinsdale Grannis, Margaret V., 4729 McCullough St. Rutherford, Margaret E., 3309 1st Ave. S., • / E., Duluth Minneapolis "Hale, Helen F., 1723 Dayton Ave.. St. Paul~mpson, Myrtle L.. 91117th St., Minne- ~elping. Cleora C., Glenwood apolis "..Holiday, Lora C., Carrington, N. D. ~ger, Marion, Cannon Falls "')lough. Susan A., 1854 Rondo St.. St. Paul ~~erson, Cora H., 2074 Marshall Ave., St. "'Howard, June E .• 1281 Raymond Ave.., St.. I Paul Paul VSimet'l}lAn. M. Ruth, 1823 St. Anthony Ave., I" )loward, Nina, 1281 Raymond Ave.. St. Paul / St. !>aul II'Hunter, Bessie B., Red Wing v'Smollett, H. Vera, 3115 Harriet Ave.. Min- Jdtse, Anna S.. Ada beapolis "'Jacobson, Gladys G., 1057 18th Ave. S. E., ~th, Margaret A., 316 17th Ave. S. E., Minneapolis • Minneapolts .lJoyce. Margaret A.. 77 Summit Ave., St. Spencer, Ruth A., 408 18th Ave. S. E., Min- v', P'aul neapolis V..Kadlec, Ethel 5., Glencoe Ihtrong. Gertrude, 2 E. George St., St. Paul -"Kane. Grace F., 1637 Penn Ave. N., Min- /S';'endaen, Helga 14., 311 Walnut St. S. E., neapolis Minneapolis >/ ~nan, Angeline V., 2627 W. 44th St.. Symona, Stella, 2195 Carter Ave., St. Paul Minneapolis Ta.dal. Hannah L.. Northwood, Iowa Keogan. Eva E .. 615 9th Ave. S. E., Min- Wallace, Luella, 228 5th Ave. 5., Faribault nea'polis Roo4, Viola, 636 Harvard St.. St. Paul \ TEACHERS' NORMAL COURSE-64 Anderson, Mabel, 2906 2nd Ave. S., Minne- ]Jam., Ruth, Vernon Center apolis "Bradeen, Vivian, Stillwater Atkinson. Beatrice, 311 Lincoln St., Hibbing Btf..... Sadie Belle, Helena, Mont. STUDENTS 77

Carlson, Gudrun, 413 Delaware St. S. E., LundquIst. Edith A., St. James Minneapolis McFadden. Nellie M.. 109 54th Ave. E., Coffin, Mildred L., 3212 Clinton Ave., Min. Duluth neapolis McKinstry, Donn.., 618 15th St. E., Minne- • Dahleen, ~sther V., Maynard apolis . Dahlen, Anne C., Detroit Maricle,.Ethel, W..lls .J)alton, Elsie; Waseca Marks, .Eva E.• Moorhead q(Dorsey. Lucy G., 808 4th St. S. E., Minne- Marsden, Alice L., Fairmont apolis Mattso~ Edith A., Warren puncanson, Geneva, Stewartville Murphy, Frances, Faribault VErickson. Ellen J .• Al....andria Nelson, Dora N.. Cloquet Erickson, Helen I.• Canby Newhall, Margery A.• Clinton Falls ..IFord, Frapces A.• 245 Irving Ave. N., Min· Nordberg, Mabel, 2628 E. 22nd St.• Minne· neapolis apolis . Ford. Olive M., 245 Irving Ave. N., Min- .".(>ickett, M. Elizabeth, 1611 West 32nd St., neapolis Minneapolis Gaus, ,Glendora A.• 1906 E. 31st St., Min. Root. Mary C., Omro, WIS. neapolis Rosche•. Frances A., 315 N. Owens St., Still· Gibbons, Hazel M., 1308 7th St. S. E .. Min· water neapolis Scott, M. Alice, 3032 Dupont Ave. S.• Min· Green. Clair E., 1417 E. 3rd St., Duluth neap~is Griswold, Florence I.. Dodge Center . Shephard. Lucile C.• 2531 Grand Ave., Griswold. Mary E.• 107 West Island Ave.. Minneapolis Minneapolis Stake. Edna M., Anoka Hagerman. Charlotte W., Morris Sw'4nson, Millie H.. Warren Hartney. Agnes J .• Maynard Swen~n. Emma M.• Willmar Hasselberg. Edna P., 2101 27th Ave. S.. Timberlake, Lucile, 101$ 8th St. S. E., Min- MinneaPolis tl.eapohs Hensel. Elsie V.. Farmington Tonkin, Bessie G., Ely J'Hillman. Alice M., 396 Dewey Ave., St. Thin, Lilah M., Browns Valley Paul Tdmer. Amelia H., St. Peter Houghtaling, Frances .1 •• Fairmont ....tw'alters. Marion L.• 3005 Emerson Ave. S.• JohnsOn. ~sther A.• Red Wing ~inneapolis Johnson. Gertrude V.• 1005 Lincoln Ave., "'Webster. Agnes I., 515 5th Ave. S. E.• Min. St. Paul • neapolis Johnson. SadiF. Redwood Falls ../West, Elizabeth A.• 1898 Selby Ave., St. John.ton. Marie T., Mitchell, S. D. Paul Kenety. Ella C., Fulda Wheeler, Harriet F., Sauk Center King, G!hevieve R., 2138 Knapp St.. St. 'J\villis. Ethel J., 467 Brown Ave.• St. Paul Paul· Wright. Gladys B., 2616 5th Ave. S.• Min· Lillesve, Louise, McIntosh ';eapolis Loyhecf, Kathryn. Faribault Wyre. Nina A., St. James

SPECIAL&-12 Bailey. Clyde H., 251 15th Ave. N., Minne- McClure. Lola, University Farm, St. Paul apolis MacComber. Mrs. Olive B.. 1393 Cleveland Case. Florence D.• West Allis, Wis. Ave.: St. Paul Erstad, Andrew. Zumbrota Polk, Grace E., 2435 Harnet Ave.• Minne· Freloch, Mrs. R. W.• 1035 13th Ave. S. E.. apolis Jdinneapolis Roy, Biioy K., Calcutta, India v1ohnson. Fred 0., 1459 Gibbs Ave., St. Paul Smith. Greta E., 2620 5th Ave. S.• Minne· I,ax{e. Dwight J .• Minnetonka, R. 2 'apolis M'cBroom, John K., Excelsior ~ . COLLEGE SUMMER SCHOOL-70 Alexander, William A., Grand Meadow Bailey, S. P., 365 W. 5th St., Winona Anderson, Joseph E., Amboy Bergh. Maybelle. Spring Grove Ash, Adair, Wendell Best, Emir, Fargo, N. D. 78 THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE

Bowman. Edith. Dodd Road. St. Paul Moore, Hans G., Elmore Brown. Leslie R., 1018 4th St. S. E., Min- Nelson, Gunella, Hanska, R. 2. Box 35 neapolis Nelson, Nelof, Dawson Christianson, Mary, Langby Parent, Gust Jr., Parent Church. Clara G., Madeha Parker, Mandana, Granada Cooper, Mrs. Edith, Dodge Center Pease, Elva, LampsOn, Wis. Corneliusen. Clara, Benson Petterson, Huldah 0., Cottonwood Critchett, Francis E., 611 13th Ave. S. E., Rea, Garnet, 24 S. St. Albans St., St. Paul Minneapolis Robison, Grace E., Windom Denissoll, Mrs. Mary, 1480 Raymond A../e., Roe, Ellen F., 2105 Scudder Ave., St. Paul St. Paul Rogers, Caroline. 1429 6th St. S. E., Minne- Doyle, Sister Madeline, Graceville apolis Engson, Edward, Clarkfield Rovang, Ida, Erskine Espeseth, Anna. Erskine Salt, Clifford G.• 1915 Hennepin Ave., Min Farrell, Margaret A., Frankhn neapolis Fletcher, Margaret, Sta. F .. R. 2, Minne- Scheer, Lydia, Howard Lake apolis 'Schlutz, Dorothy, New Richland Halverson, C. Alfred. Revere Scott, Robert E., Byron Hanson, Amanda J .• Anolra Sly, Florence A., 2933 3rd Ave S., Minne- Harty, Margaret A., New Richland apolis Hill, Robert A.• Ortonville Snortum, K. 0., Canby Hull, Susie, 3905 6th St. N.. MUlneapoi~ Snortutll, S. 1., Canby Hummel, Mollie H., Dundas Stallard, Harvey, 2357 Carter Ave.. St. Paul Ible, John, NewfOlden Sweet, Earl, Blue Earth Jacobson. Albert S., 15111 7th St S. E., Min- Tang, Severt 0., Hawley neapolis Thompson, Alice E., 1015 13th Ave. S. E., Johnson, Mathilde M., New Ulm Minneapolis Johnson, Nina F., Fairmont Thra1I. Addie F., Curtis Court, Minneapolis Johnston, Isabel, Chatfield Tisdale, Julia, 1540 Raymond Ave., St. Paul Kakuscbke, Emma, Waseca Todd, F1orence, 225 Langford Ave., St. Paul Kelley, John F., Belle Plaine Trautman, Olivia, 323 6th Ave. S., E. Min- XJngs~y,Aura,Bricelyn neapolis Knowles, Leigh, Mantorville Warber, G. P., St. Charles Koessler. Rudolph F., Le Sueur Wier, Amelia, 624 15th Ave. S., E. Minne Kusske, Bertha, Gaylord apolis Loomis, Veda H., 1063 13th Ave. S. E., Williams, Mary L., 317 Hennepin Ave., Minneapolis Minneapolis MacComber, Mrs. Olive, 1393 Cleveland Wilson, John A., 410 17th Ave. S. E., M,n Ave., St. Paul neapolis Zengerle, Teresa E., Stillwater THE COLLEGE OF FORESTRY

FACULTY OF INSTRUCTION

GEORGE EDGAR VINCENT, Ph.D., LL.D., President 1005 5th St. S. E., Minneapolis CYRUS NORTHROP, LL.D., President, Emeritus 519 10th Ave. S. E., Minneapolis ALBERT F. WOODS, M.A., Dean and Director Agricultural Depart- ment 1199 Raymond Ave., St. Paul EDWARD G. CHEYNEY, B.A., Professor of Forestry, Director College of Forestry 2116 Knapp St., St. Paul JOHN P. WENTLING, M.A., Associate Professor of Forestry 2160 Carter Ave., St. Paul AUSTIN CARY, M.A., Professor of Forestry in charge of Lumbering 2219 Knapp St., St. Paul WILLIAM T. Cox, B.S.F., State Forester, Special Lecturer 1540 Lincoln Ave., St. Paul DILLON P. TIERNEY, M.F., Assistant State Forester, Special Lecturer State Capitol, St. Paul JOHN E. RHODES, Special Lecturer, Lumbering 808 Fairmont Ave., St. Paul DANIEL E. WILLARD, M.A., Special Lecturer, Forest Soils 1128 Hague Ave., St. Paul

IN OTHER COLLEGES EDMUND L. BUTTS, Major U. S. Army, Professor of Military Science Hotel Plaza, Minneapolis LE Roy CADY, B.S.Agr., Associate Professor of Horticulture 2081 Buford St., St. Paul FREDERIC E. CLEMENTS, Ph.D., Professor of Botany 800 4th St. S. E., Minneapolis J. FRANKLIN EBERSOLE, M.A., Assistant Professor of Economics 312 State St. S. E., Minneapolis GEORGE B. FRANKFORTER, Ph.D., Professor of Chemistry 525 E. River Road, Minneapolis EDWARD M. FREEMAN, Ph.D., Professor of Plant Pathology 2196 Carter Ave., St. Paul JOHN H. GRAY, Ph.D., Professor of Economics 412 Walnut St. S. E., Minneapolis ROBERT C. LANSING, M.A., Assistant Professor of English 2237 Knapp St., St. Paul

7 8 THE COLLEGE OF FORESTR Y

EDWARD M. LEHNERTS, M.A., Assistant Professor of Geography 800 4th St. S. E., Minneapolis THOMAS W. MITCHELL, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Economics 1092 15th Ave. S. E., Minneapolis HENRY F. NACHTRIEB, B.S., Professor of Animal Biology 905 6th St. S. E., Minneapolis EDWARD E. NICHOLSON, M.A., Assistant Professor of Chemistry 914 7th St. S. E., Minneapolis MYRON H. REYNOLDS, B.S., D.V.M., M.D., Professor of Veterinary Sci~nce 2145 Knapp St., St. Paul CARL O. ROSENDAHL, Ph.D., Professor of Botany 2191 Commonwealth Ave., St. Paul ARTHUR G. RUGGLES, M.A., Assistant Professor of Entomology 1465 Raymond Ave., St. Paul CHARLES P. SIGERFOOS, Ph.D., Professor of Zoology 1023 University Ave. S. E., Minneapolis JOHN T. STEWART, C.E., Professor of Agricultural Engineering 2223 Knapp St., St. Paul CARL W. THOMPSON, M.A., Associate Professor of Economics 1322 6th St. S. E., Minneapolis FREDERIC L. WASHBURN, M.A., Professor of Entomology 1112 6th St. S. E.,...Minneapolis JEREMIAH S. YOUNG, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Political Science 1120 6th St. S. E., Minneapolis

INSTRUCTORS RENE M. DELAMARE, B.L., Instructor in French 501 8th Ave. S. E., Minneapolis ALLEN D. JOHNSTON, Instructor in Blacksmithing 2111 Knapp St., St. Paul LEON METZINGER, Ph.B., Instructor in German 319 Oak St. S. E., Minneapolis HARRY B. ROE, B.S., Instructor in Mathematics 2105 Scudder Ave., St. Paul E. C. STAKMAN, M.A., Instructor in Plant Pathology 1485 Cleveland Ave., St. Paul HALL B. WHITE, B.S. in Agr., Instructor in Carpentry University Farm, St. Paul LLOYD R. WHITSON, E.M., Instructor in Mechanical Drawing 1125 8th St. S. E., Minneapolis ANNA M. SMITH, Librarian 1485 Cleveland Ave., St. Paul

FACULTY COMMITTEES 1912-1913 Executive Committee.-Dean WOODS, Boss, MAYNE, HAECKER, STEWART, F. L. WASHBURN, REYNOLDS, HOAGLAND, FREEMAN, CHEYNEY, CADY, WILSON FACULTY 9

College Council.-Chiefs of Division and Sections Enrollment and Program.-STEwART, C. P. BULL, MOWRY, LANSING, CADY Curriculum and Catalogue.-The Executive Committee Students' Work.-FREEMAN, WEST, ROE, BEMIS, RUGGLES Military.-BuTTS, WENTLING, HOAGLAND Library.-MAYNE, REYNOLDS, ANNA SMITH, LANSING, WALKER, DORSEY Stude," Organisati9ns.-F. L. WASHBURN, BOUTELLE, DREW, WEST, MAYNE, BLAIR Graduate.-:-HAECKER, STEWART, RUGGLES, H. R. SMITH, F. L. WASHBURN Athletics.-CHEYNEY, MOWRY, WILLIAMS, OSWALD Demonstration and Exhibit.-C. P. BULL, FRAZIER, SHEPPERD, WILliON, R. M. WASHBURN Sanitation.-REYNOLDS, MAYNE, BOUTELLE, F. L. WASHBURN, A. M. BULL, PEARCE Gr.utuls.-Boss, CADY, STEWART Rtlks and Record-s.-WEST, MOWRY, DREW PublictJtions.-WILSON, HAECKER, Boss, DORSEY Auditing.-RoE, ARNY, LANSING

Registrar.-JAMES M. DREW Secretary of Faculty.-EDWARD M. FREEM.\N ------~---

ENROLLMENT

INSTRUCTIONS TO PROSPECTIVE STUDENTS

Read this bulletin carefully, giving particular attention to Rules and Regulations. Students who are not graduates of accredited schools and those graduates who have conditions as specified in paragraphs under Admission to Freshman Class-By Certificate, should report in time to take the entrance examinations in such subjects as may be required. The dates for entrance examinations are given on the sixth page of this Bulletin, and examinations are given only on the dates scheduled. New students should report in time to have their registration com pleted, and to enter classes on the date scheduled for the beginning of the semester, as new students cannot enter classes after they are once started. Graduates of the accredited schools should read carefully the con ditions under which high school work can be accepted for entrance without examination. Credentials.-All students upon entering this College for the first time, shall submit their credentials to the Enrollment Committee.

ADMISSION TO FRESHMAN CLASS-ALL APPLICANTS

Admission is either by certificate or by examination. (a) Number of Credits Required.-No candidate will be admitted with less than fifteen units of the required grade. The Enrollment Committee may, however, authorize substitutions in the list of required subjects to the extent of one unit, in case the candidate did not have an opportunity to take all the required subjects. (b) Character of Credits Required.-Candidates must present: (1) Four years of English or three years of English accompanied by four years of one foreign language. (2) Mathematics, three units, including Elementary Algebra, one unit; Plane Geometry, one unit; Higher Algebra, one-half unit; Solid Geometry, one-half unit. (3) A minor series of two units each, chosen from one of the admis sion groups, B, C, E. To form a language series at least two units of the same language must be offered. (4) Physics, one unit, must be presented if it is not included in the group selected. (5) Enough additional work to make in all fifteen units, of which not more than four may be in Group F.

10 ENROLLMENT 11

Admission Groups

The term unit means not less than five recitations of forty minutes each per week for a period of thirty-six weeks. In manual subjects and kindred courses it means the equivalent of ten recitation periods per week for thirty-six weeks. Group A: English English, four or three units (a) Principles of rhetoric (b) Practice in written expression in each of the years of the course on an average of not less than one hour a week (c) Classics Group B: Foreign Languages Latin- French- Grammar, one unit Grammar, one unit Caesar, four books, one unit Literature, one, two, or three Cicero, six orations, one unit units Virgil, six books, one unit Spanish- Greek- Grammar, one unit Grammar, one unit Literature, one, two, or three Anabasis, four books, one unit units German- Scandinavian Languages Grammar, one unit Grammar, one unit Literature, one, two, or three Literature, one, two, or three umts units Group C: History and Social Sciences History- Ancient, to Charlemagne, one Elementary Economics, one-half unit unit Modern, from Charlemagne, Commercial Geography, one-half one unit or one unit English, one-half unit History of Commerce, one-half or one unit Senior American, one-half unit Economic History of England, one-half unit American Government, one-half Economic Hitory of the United or one unit States, one-half unit Group D: Mathematics Elementary Algebra, one unit Solid Geometry, one-half unit Plane Geometry, one unit Trigonometry, one-half unit Higher Algebra, one-half unit Group E: Natural Sciences Physics, one unit Physiology, one-half unit Chemistry, one unit Astronomy, one-half unit Botany, one-half or one unit Geology, one-half unit Zoology, one-half or one unit Physiography, one-half unit 12 THE COLLEGE OF FORESTRY

Group F: Vocational Subjects Not to exceed four units may be offered from the following list of vocational subjects. . Business Subjects- Business Law, one-half unit Advanced Bookkeeping, one unit Business Arithmetic, one-half Stenography and Typewriting, unit two units Elementary Bookkeeping, one unit Manual Subjects- Freehand Drawing, two units Shop Work, two units Mechanical Drawing, two units Modeling and Wood Carving, one unit Agriculture- One to four units from schools receiving special state aid for Agri culture and also from other schools in which such course in Agriculture is approved by the State High School Board, as fast as the said schools are prepared to offer work in Agriculture.

Description of Subjects Accepted for Admission A description of subjects accepted for admission to the University may be found in the Bulletin of General Information, a copy of which will be sent to any address upon application to the Registrar, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

ADMISSION TO FRESHMAN CLASS-BY CERTIFICATE

(a) General.-Certificates from the College Entrance Examination Board, and from State High School Board are accepted as satisfying the scholarship requirement. (b) From Minnesota State High Schools or other accredited schools. -Graduates of a four-year course of a Minnesota State High School or other accredited school in Minnesota, provided they meet the general requirements stated above, and the following special requirements as to grades. (1) The applicant for admission must present to the Registrar the principal's certificate containing his record on all the studies which were counted toward graduation. All records shall be entered on this cer tificate as passed, passed with credit, or passed with honor. * To facilitate the operation of this rule, each accredited school is expected to keep its record of standings in these three grades or else show

*In per cent. three grades are to be interpreted approximately as follows: (1) In schools having 65 as a passing mark; passed-65-75; passed with credit-75. 90; passed with honor-9O-100. (2) In schools having 70 as a passing mark; passed-7~78; passed with credit-78· 90; passed with honor-90-100. (3) In schools having 75 as a passing mark; passed-75-80; passed with credit-8~ 90; passed with honor-9O-100. ENROLLMENT 13

by a printed statement in the record book and in the catalogue of the school, how the marks in use are to be translated into these grades. (2) Candidates for admission on certificates must have an average record in the subjects counted for admission of pass with credit. For the purpose of this average a pass is offset by a pass with honor. Candi dates are therefore admitted provided they have at least as many semester marks of pass with honor as they have semester marks of pass. Candidates entering on certificate shall not be examined for admission on subjects which are lacking or below the required grade, except on pre sentation to the Enrollment Committee of satisfactory evidence that they have done adequate special work in preparation for the examination. A certificate from the principal of the last school attended, or other per son approved by the Enrollment Committee, shall constitute satisfactory evidence; and adequate special preparation shall consist of not less than thirty 60-minute hours under competent instruction on each semester subject presented for examination. (See (d), last paragraph.) (3) List of Accredited Schools.- A list of accredited schools, includ ing state high schools and private schools, may be found in the Bulletin of General Information, a copy of which will be sent to any address upon application to the Registrar, University of Minnesota, Minneapo lis. (c) Graduates of the Advanced Latin and Advanced English courses of the Minnesota State Normal Schools. (d) Graduates of a four-year course of a school in any other state which is accredited to the state university of that state, provided such candidates satisfy all the requirements as to major and minor series, subjects, and grades demanded of the graduates of Minnesota High Schools. (See (b) (2) above.) , (e) Graduates of the Schools of Agriculture,* who have a grade of 75 per cent in all subjects and can present additional credits as follows: (1) Before September, 1913: The subjects prescribed in the Intermediate Course or fourth year provided no subject has a grade lower than 75 per cent. (2) After and including September, 1913: English, two years, in advance of that taken in the three-year course of the School of Agriculture; Mathematics, three years, selected from Group D; History, one or two years, selected from Group C; 'One or two years, each chosen from Groups B, C, D, or E; No credit will be given for any subject in Group F outside of the work done in the School of Agriculture. Completion of the above work must be certified by an accredited high school or covered by examination as specified in Entrance by Exami nation.

*Inc1udes West Central School. at Morris; Northwestern School. at Crookston, and Central School. at University Farm. St. Paul. 14 THE COLLEGE OF FORESTR Y

ADMISSION TO FRESHMAN CLASS-BY EXAMINATION

(a) General.-Entrance examinations are offered at the University during the opening week of the University year. Candidates must pass examinations in all subjects specified above, except such as may be covered by College Entrance Examination Board or State 'High School Board certificates. (b) Candidates from other States.-In case the records of any candi date from another state cannot be translated into the grades used in this state, the Enrollment Committee shall order examinations in English and· also in three other subjects chosen from three different admission groups. The results of such examinations shall be final. (c) The examinations authorized under 2 (b) (2) and 2 (d) shall be held at the same time and according to the same schedule as the regular entrance examinations mentioned under 1.

ADMISSION TO ADVANCED STANDING· 1. All Applicants.-(a) No new student will be admitted to the work of the second semester unless he brings from another college a certificate of advanced standing, showing the qualifications to continue the second semester's work. (b) Students who desire to obtain advanced standing must, within six weeks after the beginning of the semester, present their applications and certificates to the Enrollment Committee, who will consult depart ments concerned in determining the credit to be given. Applications presented after the six weeks have expired will be rejected or $5.00 charged for the transfer made. 2. By Transfer from other Univernties or CoUeges.-(a) Applicants transferring from other universities or colleges must furnish a certificate showing that they have no entrance conditions and are honorably dis missed. (b) The College accepts records from other colleges for credit to advanced standing. Such records are accepted so far as they are equiva lent to the work done in this College, subject to the approval of the divis ions concerned. In bringing certificates from other institutions, the records must be on the official blank of the institution granting the cer tificates, and should show: (1) The subject studied and ground covered. (2) The time spent upon each subject. (3) In the case of laboratory subjects a concise statement of the work done. (4) The Result.-It is sufficient to state that the subject was creditably completed. . (c) Graduates of the Advanced Graduate Course of a Minnesota State Normal School are admitted, and may substitute for college ·work such normal work as will be approved by the Enrollment Committee after consulting with the divisions concerned. ,-----_~_---

ENROLLMENT is. (d) Individual graduates of the Advanced Latin Course (five years) or of the Advanced English Course (five years) of a Minnesota State Normal School, who, on the basis of maturity and ability, present certifi cates of special fitness from the President of the normal school, will be admitted with advanced standing under the same regulations and proviso. 3. By Examination.-(a) Any student upon first registration at the University, may, with the approval of the Enrollment Committee, be allowed without charge to take examinations toward advanced standing for which the student declares himself ready, such examinations to be taken within the first six weeks of the college year. (Cf. Administra tion B. 3.) (b) Students who desire advanced standing on subjects taken in accredited schools, and not used for entrance credits, will be required to take an examination. (c) Students desiring credit for practical work must present a detailed statement showing the nature of the work done, and should have reference letters and recommendations, and take an examination. (d) Applicants who have taken a college subject in their preparatory work may petition the Enrollment Committee to elect another subject in lieu of the one they have had. Before granting this petition the Com mittee may, if they desire, require the applicant to take an examination. ADMINISTRATION

A. REGISTRATION

1. Defined.-Registration shall consist of a written application to the Registrar of the College for enrollment in some one course of study in that College and of payment of the required fees. 2. Time for.-(a) Registration must be indicated two weeks before the day set for classes to begin. Penalty for delay, in either indicating registration or in payment of fees, $1.00, and after the day set for classes to begin, 25 cents per day in addition for each day's delay. The fees for any semester must be paid before the day set for classes to begin, and the Cashier's receipt must be returned to the Registrar as evidence of such payment before the registration is complete. Fines for delayed regis tration will be considered a part of the regular fees for the semester. (b) No student will be allowed to register after the semester opens except by permission of the Faculty. (c) Cf. 13 below. 3. Quantity of Work.-(a) No student shall be permitted to register in any course for more than the regular schedule, nor for less than fifteen credit hours in anyone semester, without permission of the Students' Work Committee. (b) Students desiring to carry extra work shall notify the Committee on Students' Work at least one week before the beginning of the semester. (c) Application for work in excess of the prescribed course shall be granted by the Committee only when the applicant has a record for good scholarship in all lines of his work for the previous year. (d) No student who has been unable to carry successfully the regular work of any year shall be allowed to carry extra work in the succeeding years. (e) Cf. 13 below and C 7. 4. Preferred Classes.-When the same course is offered both at University Farm and in the Departments located on the Minneapolis campus, students must register for the classes at University Farm, unless , they have permission from the Students' Work Committee. 5. ElectifJes.-(a) All students in the College of Forestry must advise with the Director concerning all electives. (b) Not later than May 1st, each sophomore shall indicate to the Registrar the Division in which he expects to specialize. This selection must be approved by the Director. The student will then be registered only for such electives as are approved for that Division. After selecting a division in which to specialize, no change shall be made except by per mission of the Students' Work Committee. 6. EfJidence of.-The class card is the only evidence of registration to be accepted by any instructor. No student shall be admitted to class after the first week unless his card is in the possession of the instructor.

16 ADMINISTRATION 17

7. Credit according to.-(a) Students shall not receive credit for work for which they have not been registered, except as otherwise pro vided in these regulations. (b) Cf. Admission with Advanced Standing and B 3 (b). 8. Change of.-(a) The Registrar has authority to grant change of registration from one subject to another any time during the first week of the semester without charge. 9. Cf. 14 below. 10. Cancellation of.-(a) When students leave the College and request the cancelling of their registration, the instructor shall send to the Regis trar a report of such students' work up to the date of leaving. (b) Cf. C 1, 2, and 4. 11. Refusal of. Cf. C 3 and S. 12. Re-registration. Cf. C 6 and 10. 13. Classification of Students.-(a) In order to rank with a class a student must have not more than three credits short of the number required in the outline of the course. (b) Any student having not more than three credits short, but who has not completed the full work of the class with which he ranks, will be listed in the catalogue with a footnote reference preceding his name. (c) Unclassed students must take the same number of hours as regular students, and, unless advanced standing is obtained through credits from other institutions, four-fifths of the work during the first year must be taken from the subjects offered to freshmen. The Com mittee on Enrollment may allow exceptions in cases of persons of mature age, upon recommendation of the division concerned. A new application must be made each semester to the Enrollment Committee. (d) Unclassed students shall not be admitted to the work of either semester after the fourth week. 14. Fees.-(a) Incidental: All students who are residents of the State of Minnesota are charged an incidental fee of fifteen dollars a semes ter. Non-residents are charged double the fee required of residents of the State, or thirty dollars a semester. This fee covers all laboratory expen ses. No reduction is made for late entrance or for leaving before the end of the semester. Students going to Itasca Park for the summer are charged an additional fee of five dollars. (b) Deposit.-Students are required to deposit five dollars which will be credited to them in settlement of their accounts. (c) Nurse.-Students rooming off the campus have the privilege of taking nurse cards at $1.00 each semester. These cards entitle the holder to office consultation and office treatment by regular nurses. (d) Post-Ojfice.-Fifty cents will be deducted from the five-dollar deposit as rental for a post-office box. (e) Condition Examination. Cf. C 9. (f) Special Examination. Cf. B 3. (g) Fines. Cf. 2 above. (h) Change of Registration.-After the first week of any semester no change of registration shall be made except by permission of the Students' ------~~~-~~~------~~-~~--~~--~------

18 THE COLLEGE OF FORESTR Y

Work Committee and on payment of two dollars and fifty cents change of registration fee. This fee will not be charged when the change is ordered by the Students' Work Committee.

B. CONTROL OF CLASSES

1. Daily Routine.-The daily session is divided into recitation periods of forty-five minutes each. The morning session begins at 8:00 and closes at 12:25. From 11:40 to 12:25 o'clock on Wednesday is reserved for a general assembly of the Faculty and students of the College, and, once each month, for an all-University Convocation meeting. The afternoon session begins at 2:00 and continues until 5:25 o'clock. Work extends through six days of the week. 2. Absences.-(a) Tardiness and absences shall be controlled by the division on the general principle that each student must do the full work of the class. (b) Students shall be required to make up work lost through delay in registration just as in the case of any other absence. (c) No student whose absences in any semester exceed four weeks in the aggregate shall be admitted to examination without special permis sion of the Faculty. (d) When a student has been absent six times consecutively, the instructor shall notify the Registrar that the student has ceased to attend class. The Registrar shall then notify the Chairman of the Students' Work Committee and aU instructors concerned that the student's regis tration has been suspended. Such student will be re-instated only on an order of the Students' Work Committee. (e) Leave of Absence.-Any student intending to absent himself from college during any part of the college year must obtain a leave of absence from the Students' Work Committee. 3. Examinations and Reports.-(a) Regular written examinations shall be held at the close of each semester in all classes in the freshman and sophomore years. (b) All classes in the senior and junior years shall be examined, at the close of each semester, either orally or in writing as the professor may direct; provided that in the special subjects requiring course examinations the regular semester examinations may be omitted with the approval of the Dean, in which case the time assigned for examinations shall be given to some form of recitation or instruction. (c) The presentation of note book or theme shall not be accepted in lieu of examination. (d) Cf. 2 (c) above. (e) No examination shall be given by any instructor except for the work of the current semester, unless the student surrenders a permit for such examination signed by the Registrar. This permit must be returned to the Registrar with the record of the examination. (f) Examination for Credit.-Students who have made up work by themselves 'may, by permission of the Committee on Students' Work, ------~--_._-~ ----_... _-- ---~-----~-_._._--~

ADMINISTRATION 19

obtain credit for the same through examinations, on payment of five dollars, special examination fee. Cf. Admission with Advanced Standing By Examination. (g) Condition Examinations. Cf. C 9. (h) Special Examinations.-The Registrar will issue permits for special examinations on orders from the Students' Work Committee and the Cashier's receipt for payment of five dollars. (i) Cheating.-In all cases of cheating in examinations or written exercises, the offender may be reported to the Students' Work Committee for such action as the case may require.

C. DELINQUENTS

1. Warned of Delinquency.-Any student of the freshman class who has been warned that he is deficient in sixty per cent of his work at the end of the first eight weeks of either semester and whose work is similarly deficient at the end of the first twelve weeks, shall be immediately dropped from the rolls. He may be reinstated on probation by the Students' Work Committee subject to further action by the Faculty. 2. Probation.-Any student who has been placed on probation by the Students' Work or Enrollment Committees may be dropped from the rolls by the Students' Work Committee at any time when one-half of his work is reported below grade. 3. Registration Refused.-Each division shall report to the Registrar two weeks before the end of the semester the names of any students pur suing any continuous course of study who have been doing such poor work as to make it impractical for them to do the work of the following semester and such students shall be refused registration for said course. 4. Registrati01l Cancelled.-It is provided, also, that in case the final examination shows any student, who has not been previously reported to be incapable of further pursuing the subject in a satisfactory manner, at the written request of the head of the division concerned, the Registrar shall cancel the student's registration for that subject. 5. Dropped from the Rolls.-Any student receiving conditions or failures in sixty per cent of his work in any semester shall be dropped from the rolls and shall not be allowed to re-enter the University until the open ing of the corresponding semester of the following year, and may be required to pursue again all the subjects of the semester unless excused by the Committee on Students' Work. 6. Pursue Work Again.-(a) Any student of the freshman class who fails to pass in one-half the prescribed work of the year shall be required on re-entering the University to pursue again all the subjects of the year, unless excused by the Students' Work Committee. (b) Any student receiving a failure in any subject shall be required to re-register for this subject the following corresponding semester in preference to any advanced work, unless excused by the Students' Work Committee. -_._--_.._------._------~._------

7. Work Limited.-Students who receive a condition or failure in the work of the first semester shall not be allowed to elect another subject in the place of the subject in which the condition or failure was received, but shall be required to devote their full time to the remaining subjects of the course. Exceptions to the rule shall be made only by the Students' Work Committee after a full investigation. 8. Incompletes.-(a) When a student's work in a subject is in the main satisfactory, but incomplete, owing to absence from class, or failure to do on time a certain definite portion of the work which is only a small part of the entire work, and the reason for such absence or failure is satis factory to the instructor the work may be reported as incomplete. (b) An incomplete not removed before the end of the first month of the following semester becomes a condition. The Students' Work Com mittee may, in special cases, extend this time limit. (c) Cf. 12 below. 9. Conditions.-(a) A condition not made up before the subject is offered again becomes a failure, subject to the rules governing failures. (b) Students conditioned in the work of the first semester are given an opportunity to remove their conditions in April. Students conditioned in the work of the second semester are given an opportunity to remove their conditions in October. All condition examinations must be taken at the dates regularly set by the program for such examinations and at no other time. (c) The Registrar will issue permits for condition examinations on receipt of the Cashier's receipt for the payment of one dollar examination fee, provided that the student has taken no previous examination for the removal of this condition, and provided that the condition is of not more than one semester's standing. 10. Failures.-(a) Failures must be taken over in class. (b) Cf. 6 above. 11. Eligibility Regulation.-No student in this College with any conditions or failure standing against him shall be eligible (a) as a com petitor in inter-collegiate debate, oratory, or athletic contests. (b) For membership on the editorial board of any student publication. (c) For membership in the Dramatic Club or in any student dra matic or musical organization which gives entertainments outside the University. 12. Special Rules GOfJerning Seniors.-(a) Excused from Examina tions: All seniors who have received no conditions or failures since the close of the freshman year shall be excused from their last semester final examinations in all subjects in which their work and attendance have been satisfactory to the instructor concerned. (b) Second Semester Registration: No senior shall be allowed to register for the second semester who has a condition back of the senior year. No student shall be considered eligible for graduation whose con ditions and other deficiencies are not completely removed by May 1st. .,...---,------~

ADMINISTRATION 21

D. REQUIREMENTS FOR GRADUATION AND DEGREES

1. Number of Credits.-After the completion of the prescribed course of study, including all the required work and the requisite amount of elective work equivalent to a total of 148 credits hours, candidates will be recommended for graduation with the degree of Bachelor of Science. 2. Exempted from.-Every student shall do the work of the class with which he graduates, except that the student shall be free from any additional requirements for any year of which he has already completed the full work without condition. 3. Delinquencies.-No person shall be permitted to graduate who has an incomplete, condition, or failure standing upon the books of the Registrar. 4. Professional Certificates.-Diplomas of graduates of the College who have taken specified courses in the College of Education are valid as first-grade professional certificates for two years, and at the expiration of two years of successful teaching, such diplomas, properly endorsed, have the force of first-grade professional certificates for life.

E. MISCELLANEOUS

1. Faculty Meetings.-The Faculty meets regularly at 9 a. m. on the second Monday of each month of the college year. 2. Petitions.-(a) Every petition to be acted upon at any particular meeting of the Faculty must be presented to the Dean and Secretary of the Faculty not later than forty-eight hours previous to the time set for such meeting. (b) Every student who desires to be heard in regard to his petition shall be given such an opportunity by the Committee or Faculty. 3. Excused from Drill.-In military matters where students ask to be excused from Military Drill, the matter shall go first to the Command ant. If he approves, the Students' Work Committee may take such action as they please. If he does not approve, and the Committee does approve, the matter shall go to the President of the University for final decision. 4. Disturbances.-Class meetings are held to be solely for the class calling the said meeting, and in case of disturbance and damage to prop erty those who are known to be present and not members of the class, shall be held responsible for the damage done even though it may be shown that they did not do the actual damage. 5. Class Parties.-No class party or public entertainment for which members of the class shall be held bound in honor to contribute shall be given without previous permission of the Committee on Student Or ganizations. 6. Student Organizations.-All student organizations making use of any of the college buildings must file a statement with the Registrar, giving names of president, secretary, and treasurer; and all organizations 22 THE COLLEGE OF FORESTRY collecting fees must deposit the fees with the department cashier and turn in their books at least once a term to be audited by the department audit ing committee. Before any new student organization is formed per mission must be obtained from the chairman of the Committee on Stu dent Organizations. The Forestry Club is an organization of students in the Minnesota College of Forestry. Enthusiasm and good fellowship are the sole require ments for admission. The club runs a house for the benefit of its mem bers. Meetings are held fortnightly and speakers of prominence are pre sented. The object of the club is threefold: to keep its members up to-date on forestry matters, to promote goodfeUowship, and to create and cherish true college spirit. EQUIPMENT

The College of Forestry is now located in the Horticultural Building at University Farm, St. Paul, about two and one-half miles from the University in Minneapolis. This location has the double advantage of the greater freedom of the Agricultural Campus and at the same time ample opportunity to mingle with the Academic students, giving increased breadth to the view. The College is equipped with a small, but good technical library, an herbarium, and a comprehensive collection of woods. Its close con nection with the Agricultural College gives access to those practical courses which could not be obtained in any other way. The shops of the mechanical division are open to the foresters. The College is operating at University Farm a small plant for experi mental work in the preservative treatment of fence posts. This plant is used as a laboratory and gives the students a touch of real practice and some idea of experimental work.

SUB STATIONS.

Itasca Park.-The law passed by the Legislature of 1907, putting Itasca State Park under the State Forestry Board, gave the University the privilege of using with the consent of the Forestry Board a portion of it for a demonstration ground and experimental station. In pursuance of this the summer headquarters of the College have been established there. Seven log buildings have been erected, including a library and school house, a dining hall, a large bunk house, four cottages for the instructors, a barn, a boathouse; also frame icehouse, shop, and seed house. These buildings are equipped with the necessary furniture. In the summer the instruments and books needed in the class work are shipped up from University Farm. The Park itself is a tract of 22,000 acres including about every type of forest found in the Lake states. This makes an ideal place for practice work in mensuration, forest description, management, and surveying. It furnishes virgin forest conditions, yet is connected with the outside world by daily mails. It is a great asset in the efficiency of the school, an ideal laboratory for the demonstration of class room theory. Cloquet Forest Experiment Station.-This tract of 2,500 acres located three miles from the city of Cloquet is conducted by the College of For estry as a forest experiment station for the study of the fundamental principles of forest growth and management, the study of climatological conditions and sylvicultural methods. There is a commodious log cabin for use as headquarters. The tract has been surrounded by a firebreak and a system of roads and trails is under construction.

The stlltion will be equipped with all the necessary instruments for the measuring of temperature above and below the the surface of the ground, both in the forest and in the open, the measurement of precipi tation, soil moisture, and humidity, measurements of plant growth, and light intensity. Studies will be made of all the different methods of repro duction, thinnings, and ecological formations. This makes a splendid place for the students to become familiar with the fundamentals of sylvicultural experimental work. ~~~~~~------

COURSES OF STUDY

The field of forestry at present is so large that it is no longer possible to train a man, in a four-year course, to handle all the branches of the work. A few years ago this was not only possible but was expected of every school. Now it is necessary to specialize and to specialize early in the course. Therefore a student should consider well before he starts in what line of work offers the greatest attractions for him. He must choose between the following groups: 1. Technical Forestry.-This group corresponds most closely to the old all-inclusive course and is best suited to the needs of the man who intends to enter the U. S. Forest Service as a Forest Assistant or to go into private work where he must handle all phases of the technical work and such other executive and administrative problems as may present themselves in connection with it. It is a well-rounded course which will not only prepare a man for the work of a forester, but is a splendid prep aration for graduate work along any scientific line. It is this course that the man who likes science, without being absorbed in any particular line, and the free life of the open, should choose. It is a branch where there is always room for good men. This course is outlined on page 26. 2. Besides these two large branches there is another very important one which will probably appeal to a smaller number of men, but will afford good openings to men of a scientific turn of mind. This is the work of the experimental sylviculturist. Men are needed to take charge of the forest experiment work in the country, the exact scientific work necessary to determine the factors controlling tree growth and the under lying principles of sylviculture. The work is very largely pure science and not likely to involve much executive or administrative work. The student who wishes to follow this branch should specialize in botany and sylviculture. In order to do this he must consult with the Director of the College before registering, or take a year of graduate work. In addition to these two larger branches there are other special lines which may be elected. There are places for a limited number of men in grazing studies, tree diseases, wood utilization, and forest ent01110logy. Most of these lines must be taken up in the graduate school to obtain satisfactory results, but the student who has a leaning toward any of these specialties should consult with the director before registration that he may have the advantage of the proper preparation in his under graduate work. There is a splendid field for lumbermen and every effort is made to prepare the student for that line of work, but a special course of study leading to that end has not yet been organized.

2S 26 THE COLLEGE OF FORESTR Y

TECHNICAL FORESTRY COURSE

Leading to Degree of Bachelor of Science

FRESHMAN YEAR

First Semester Second Semester Agr. Eng. I, Math. 1 (3) Agr. Eng. 2. Math. 2 (3) Botany I, General (3) Botany 1. General (3) German or French 1 (3) German or French 1(3) Rhetoric 1. General (3) Rhetoric I, General (3) Forestry I, General (3) Geology 4, Meteorology (3) Chemistry 3, General (3) Chemistry 4. Qualitative (3) Military Drill Military Drill At Itasca Park, June 1 to August 1 Elementary Sylviculture (3) Elementary Mensuration (3) Botany (2)

SOPHOMORE YEAR

First Semester Second Semesler Agr. Eng. 4, Mechanical Drawing (3) Agr. Eng. 13. Forest Engineering (3) Rhetoric 2, Argumentation (3) Rhetoric 2. Argumentation (3) German or French 2 (3) German or French 2 (3) Zoology I, General (3) Zoology 1. General (3) Forestry 2, Dendrology (3) Forestry 2, Dendrology (1 %) Veg. Path. 2. Wood Technology (3) Hort. 3. Plant Propagation (1%) Military Drill Botany 2, Taxonomy (3) Military Drill

JUNIOR YEAR

First Semester Second Semester Firsl Half Hort. 6. Landscape Gardening (3) Agr. Eng. 7, Forest Mechanics (2) For. 3. Sylviculture (3) For. 3, Sylviculture (2) Geol. 2, Physiography (3) Ent. 3, Forest Entomology (1) Ent. 3, Forest Entomology (3) Ent. 8. Game and Fish (I) Veg. Path. I, Plant Pathology (3) Vet. Sci. I, General (2) Botany 3, Ecology (3) Botany 3. Ecology (2) Ilasca Park (April to September I) For. 3. Sylviculture (4) For. 5, Mensuration (4) Agr. Eng. 14, Surveying (4) Veg. Pa.th. Tree Diseases (I)

SENIOR YEAR

Firsl Semesler Second Semesler For. 8. Forest Management (3) For. 15. Seminar (6) For. 7. Lumbering (6) For. 12, Lumber Manufacturing (2) For. 9, Forest By-Products (3) For. 4, Forest Protection (2) Econ. I, Elements (3) (April 15 to June -1) . For. 19, Wood Preservation (I) For. 14, Working Plans (6) Econ. 21, Business Law (2) r------

DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENTS

EDWARD G. CHEYNEY, B.A., Professor of Forestry, Director of College 31st fl. Horticultural Building JOHN P. WENTLING, M.A., Associate Professor of Forestry 31st fl. Horticultural Building" AUSTIN CARY, M.A., Professor of Forestry in Charge of Lumbering 31st fl. Horticultural Building

FORESTRY

1. General Forestry Mr. CHEYNEY Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Required of freshmen in Forestry Course. A brief history of the development of forestry in Europe and America, with the idea of explaining the possibilities of forestry work and the problems which must be solved in this country. The location and brief description of the forests of the world. and more detailed sectional descriptions of the forests of the United States. Lectures and collateral reading

2. Dendrology Mr. WENTLING Six credits (three hours per week); first semester and first half second semester. Required of sophomores in Forestry Course. Prerequisite, Bot.!. A general and comprehensive study of the forest trees of the United States. Their classification. characteristics, range. etc., with special attention to prominent and constant characters as a means of ready identification. Special attention to the important timber trees of the United States. Lectures, assigned reading, special papers. field work.

3. Sylviculture Seven and one-half credits. Required of juniol Prerequisites, Bot. 1, .For. 1 and 2. a. Sylvics Mr. WENTLING Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Study of the fundamental principles forming the basis of sylviculture, the life history of trees. the influence of environment on tree hfe in the forest. The origin and determina. tion of foiest types, their modification, and treatment. Methods of sylvical research. Special attention to the sylvicai characteristics of the important commercial species in the United States. Lectures and assigned work.

b. Sylviculture Mr. WENTLING One and one-half credits (three hours per week) i first half second semester. Theoretical discussion of the different sylvicultural systems of crop production and reproduction. The practice of sylviculture in the United States and abroad. CODlJidera. tion of the methods of treatment of woodlands preliminary to the actual field practice of these methods in the forest. Lectures and reference work.

c. Seeding and Planting Mr. WENTLING Three credits. In Itasca Park.

Production, collecting, testing, vitality, storage, and sowing of tree seeds. Location and preparation of nurseries and seed beds. Various methods of nursery practice and seeding. Planting. Examinations, reports, and planting plan. Each student must make a complete report and plan for a specified area. The course aims to give the student suffi cient practice to enable him to carryon any work in forest planting. Field work with lectures.

d. Forest Soils Mr. WILL.lItD In Itasca Park. This course is given in connection with seeding and planting and is required 01. each student. It consists chietly of field studies in forest soils, as to origin, formation, and physi cal characteristics, with special emphasis on physical analysis. Soil surveys and the making of soil maps. Each student is required to make a complete soil survey of a portion of forest area and to complete a map of same.

4. Forest Protection Mr. CARY Two credits (three hours per week); first half of second semester. Required of juniors in Forestry Course. Prerequisites, For. 2 and 3, and For. Eng. 13. Consideration of practical measures for the protection 9f forests from fires, trelpass, grazing, etc. State and Federal forest fire and trespass laws. Protection from foreat insects and forest tree diseases will be considered in the particular courses for those subjects. Lectures, assigned reading, and original papers.

5. Forest Mensuration Mr. CHEYNEY Four credits. Two months in summer. Required of sophomores in Forestry Course. The measurement of lumber and of logs by different units; the contents ofindividl1&1 felled trees. The height of a standing tree; the volume of individual standing trees and of whole forests. The rate of growth of individual trees and of whole stands. The formation of log rules, stand tables, volume tables, height tables, and yield tables. A study of cruis ing methods. Text-book, lectures, and field work at Itasca Park.

7. Lumbering Mr. CARY Six credits (six hours per week); first semester. Required of seniors. Prerequisites, For. 1, 2, 3, 5. This course is designed to give the student a clear and balanced view of the lumber industry in its different branches and relations and an understanding of operating methods, particularly of logging. By reading, lectures, and watching lumber journals, a student's information will be built up on the lumbering regions of the United States, their timber supplies, manufacturing points, markets, and lines of distribution. Systematic lectures will cover the logging methods of the country comparatively, the cost, operation, and efficiency of different classes of sawmills, and treat briefly of grading, marketing, etc. Visits will be made to mills, woodworking plants, and factories making mill machinery in the vicinity and in January the students will go on a trip of two or three weeks to lOme lumber. ing region at a distance, making a careful study and report.

8. Forest Management Mr. CHEYNEY Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Required of seniors in Forestry Course. Prerequisites, For. 1,2,3,4, and 5. Policy of forest owners; principles governing all forest management; forest valuation; the calculation of soil rent, forest rent, and the value of growini stock; the valuea of even and uneven-aged stands. The different methods of management and the principles under lying them. The outlinea of a working plan, Lectures and collateral reading, DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENTS 29

9. Forest By-Products Mr. WENTLING Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Required of seniors in Forestry Course. Prerequisite, Veg. Path. 2. In this course a special study is made of the products of the forest other than for tim ber and fuel. The products studied include cellulose for the manufacture of paper. sugar, tanning materials, turpentine. tar, oils, resin, waxes. gum. creosote. wood alcohol, acetic acid, acetone, essential oils, charcoal, camphor, and medicinal products.

10. Farm Forestry Mr. CHEYNEY Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. This course is designed to give a general definition of forestry in its different branches, ...-l in its relation to Acricuiture. It takes up in detail the formation, care, and utilisation of the woodlot, the planting and influence of windbreaks. the preservation of timber and the principles which should underlie the selection of species and arrangement in ornamental planting around the homestead. Lectures, recitations, and reference reading.

GRADUATE COURSES

16. Special Sylvicultural Problems Mr. WENTLING Six credits (minimum). Open to those who have had Bot. 1 and 3, and For. 2 and 3, or their equivalent. The choice of subject must be made by the candidate and approved by the director and instructor. The laboratories of the Botany Department and the facilities of the Forest Experiment Station at Cloquet are available to students taking this work. May be elected as a major or a minor.

13. Forest Policy and Administration Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. A study of the economic conditions in regard to the forests of the United States. The consequent policy developed for the management of those forests, public and private. The administration of the Federal and State Forests.

14. Forest Working Plans Mr. CARY Three credits; second half second semester. Required of seniors in Forestry Course. Prerequisite, For. 8. This subject will be given in the woods. A course of lectures paralleling the field work will deal with the principles and methods involved. Each class will be obliged to work out a complete plan including surveys, sylvicultural plans, estimates. field tables, maps, and systems of management. Lectures and field work.

15. Forest Seminar Six credits (twelve hours per week); first half second semester. Required of seniors in Forestry Course. Prerequisites, For. 1 and 14. This is not. as the term generally implies. a class for the prosecution of original research. but for the purpose of systematically reviewing the whole field of forestry and studying the concrete application of the different branches. Assigned questions and problems; discus MOftS.

19. Wood Preservation Mr. CHEYNEY One and one-half credits (three hours per week); first semester. Required of seniors in Forestry Course. Prerequisites, Veg. Path. 1 and 2. 30 THE COLLEGE OF FORESTR Y

The course will consist largely of demonstration work at the plant at University Farm. Experiments will be conducted to test the value of different methods of treating, special attention being given to post and pole treatment. The practical work will be supplemented by lectures and collateral reading upon the history of wood preservation,the development of the various methods, and a study of the antiseptics used.

JOHN T. STEWART, C.E., Professor of Agricultural Engineering and Chief of Division 7 Main Building ALVAH M. BULL, Instructor in Farm Structures 4 Drill Hall HALL B. WHITE, B.S. in Agr., Instructor in Carpentry 6 Drill Hall HARRY B. ROE, B.S., Instructor in Mathematics 6 Drill Hall ALLEN D. JOHNSTON, Instructor in Blacksmithing Blacksmith Shop ------, Assistant in Drawing

1. Mathematics 1 Mr. ROE Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to and required of all freshmen in Forestry and Agricultural Courses who have completed all entrance mathematics. Prerequisites, all entrance mathe matics. This course is mainly demonstration and development of certain fundamental prin ciples of higher mathematics with continuous application to the solution of a great variety of geometrical, physical, and other practical problems. The subjects covered are: variation and quadratic equations reviewed; special forms of higher equations; simultaneous quadra tics; graphics; theory and development of functions, including maxima and minima, inde terminate forms, differentiation, Taylor's formula, and the binomial formula, theory and practice of logarithms; indeterminate equations; and the general solution of cubics and biquadratics.

2. Mathematics 2 Mr. ROE Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to and required of all freshmen in Forestry and Agricultural Courses. Pre requisites, Mathematics 1. This course covers the entire theory of plane trigonometry and numerous practical applications in problems solved with and without the use of logarithms and also the funda mental formulas of spherical trigonometry with such practical application as time per mits.

4. Mechanical Drawing Mr. BULL Three credits (six hours per week) i either semester. Required. This course includes lectures on drawing; preliminary exercises in the use of drawing instruments; lettering; water coloring; the making of working drawings from models; and the practical value of drawing in arranging buildings, machinery, household equipment, etc.

7. Forest Mechanics Mr. JOHNSTON and Mi'. WHITE Two credits (six hours per week); second semester. Required of juniors in Forestry Course. Given only between February 1 and April 15. (a) Blacksmithing; instruction and practice work in the handling of forge and anvil, the bending, shaping, and welding of iron and steel, the tempering of steel tools, the grinding and care of the axe and similar work. (b) Carpentry; practice work in the use and care of tools used in lumbering, saw filing, etc. DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENTS 31

13. Forest Engineering Mr. STEWART Three credits (six hours per week); second semester. Required in Forestry Course. Prerequisites, Agr. Eng. 2 and 4. Metbod of makmg the original land surveys, and the principles of retracing lines and relocating corners, method of representing and arranging field data on plats, a study of topo graphic symbols and the elements of topographic drawing, including tracing and blue printing; lectures and demonstration on man and horse packing, camp equipment. and camp discipline.

14. Forest Engineering Mr. STEWART Three credits (120 hours); at Itasca Park, Required in Forestry Course. Prerequisite, Agr. Eng. 13. Field practice in mensuration, surveying, pacing, and rapid methods of field topog raphy. use of transit, level, and plane table, preparing report of field work which will include finished plats, and maps of survey notes. Nol.: Students taking any of the above courses must provide themselves with the necessary drafting instruments, regulation note books, drawing paper, etc. At the beginning of the courses in Agricultural and Forest Engineering there will be some duplication of lecture work. A student taking both courses will be given extra work in lieu of that which is duplicated in the other course.

BOTANY

COLLEGE OF SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS FREDERIC E. CLEMENTS, Ph.D., Professor, Head of Department of Botany 207 Pillsbury Hall JOSEPHINE E. TILDEN, M.S., Professor 214 Pillsbury Hall CARL O. ROSENDAHL, Ph.D., Professor 18 Pillsbury Hall NED L. HUFF, M.A., Assistant Professor 214 Pillsbury Hall FREDERIC K. BUTTERS, B.S., B.A., Assistant Professor 206 Pillsbury Hall EDITH CLEMENTS, Ph.D., Instructor 207 Pillsbury Hall ALICE M. MISZ, M.A., Instructor 16 Pillsbury Hall

L General Botany Messrs. CLEMENTS, HUFF, and BUTTERS, and Miss MISZ Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to freshmen. Greenhouse study of the behavior and structure of flowering plants, following the life cycle from germination to seed production; laboratory study of the evolution of the plant kingdom and the underlying principles of plant life; laboratory and greenhouse work in the indentification and relationship of flowering plants, togetber with field work on the plants of forest and grassland; practical papers on selected topics. viz.• bacteria, plant growth. evolution, etc.

2. Advanced Botany Messrs. CLEMENTS and ROSENDAHL, Mrs. CLEM- ENTS and Miss MISZ Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Open to sopho mores. Prerequisite,. Botany 1. Systematic work in the naming and classification of plants, chiefly of the groups of economic importance. i. e., flowering plants, fungi, and algae, with emphasis on the common plants of Minnesota; ecological study in the greenhouse of the structure and meaning of the 32 THE COLLEGE OF FORESTR Y adaptations of root, stem, and leaf, and in the field of the principles of plant distribution. migration. and grouping; cytological study of growth. production of pollen and eg-eells. fertilization, hybridization, and seed formation; one practical paper each semester, cytology of plant breeding and the botany of a group of economic plants for horticultural students; plant adaptations and the life history of a forest for forestry students.

3. Physiology and Ecology Mr. CLEMENTS Six credits (six hour per week) j both semesters. Open to juniQrs. Prerequisites, Botany 1 and 2. Study of the factors which make tbe plant's bome, viz.• water. Ii«ht, !teat. 1IOiI. etc.; response of the plant to its home, absorption, transport. water-1osa, fooc1-makillC. Garage. growth. fertilization, and reproduction; adaptation of plants to their various hOtlles, and the origin of new forms by selection, adaptation, mutation, and hybridizatioa; structure and development of vegetation. i. e., grouping, migration, competition. aoclimatization. inva sion, succession, zonation, etc., of plants; one practical paper each semester on selected topics, e. g.. acclimatization, adaptation, origin of new fonns, vegetation of Minnesota. of North America, etc.

CHEMISTRY

SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY

GEORGE B. FRANKFORTER, M.A., Ph.D., Professor, Head of Department of Chemistry 114 Chemistry Building EDWARD E. NICHOLSON, M.A., Assistant Professor 104 Chemistry Building

3. General Chemistry (Given at University) Mr. FRANKFORTER, and INSTRUCTORS Three credits (two lectures, four laboratory hours per week); first semester. Open to freshmen. This course includes a study of the chemical properties of the metallic and non-metal lic elements, with a brief introduction to organic chemistry.

4. Qualitative Analysis (Given at University) Mr. NICHOLSON Three credits (one lecture, four hours laboratory per week); second semester. Open to freshmen. Tbis course includes the general reactions of the metals and &cida with their qualitative separation. Besides this mechanical work. the ionic theory and the law of m_ actioo are discussed with special reference to common qualitative reactions.

ECONOMICS

JOHN HENRY GRAY, Ph.D., Professor, Head of Department of Economics and Political Science Mechanics Art Building CARL W. THOMPSON, M.A., Associate Professor and Director of Bureau of Research in Agricultural Economics Mechanic Arts Building DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENTS 33

THOMAS W. MITCHELL, Ph.D., Assistant Professor Mechanic Arts Building JEREMI"'H S. YOUNG, Ph.D., Assistant Professor Mechanic Arts Building J. FRANKLIN EBERSOLE, M.A., Assistant Professor Mechanic Arts Building

1. Elements of Economics Mr. THOMPSON Three credits (three hours per week); repeated each semester. Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. ' Designed for those who desire a general knowledge of economics and as an introduc. tion to the more advanced courses offered in the department.

3a. Modern Industrial and Commercial History of Europe Mr. GRAY Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to sopho. mores, juniors, and seniors. The industrial and commercial development of the chief European countries since the middle of the 18th century, with special attention to Great Britain. The effects of mech anical invention and political change on industry and trade. Course 3a requires no prehminary course and may be taken advantageously with Course 1 or Course 2a. (See Course 3b,) Not given in 1912-13.

3b. Industrial and Commercial History of the United States Mr. GRAY Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. Courses 3a and 3b are conducted each with a text-book. supplemented by lectures and prescribed topical readings. In each of these courses. one written report of considerable length'will be required each semester. Not given in 1912-13.

5. Money and Banking Mr. EBERSOLE Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to those who have completed Course 1. The nature, functions. and thenrles of money, with special reference to the monetary history of the United States, tbe nature and uses of credit. including foreign exchange; the functions of banks and trust companies; types of banking systems in this and other countries. Lectures. text-book. assigned readings. and discussions.

15. Business Organization Mr. MITCHELL Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to those who have completed Course 1. Forms of organization to effect business control; executive committees; the main departments of a business and the principles governing sub-departmentization and office organization of each. Based on Parson's B"sillus Ad"'illislrlJ#oll. with lectures. theses and class discussions.

21a. *Business Law Mr. YOUNG Two credits; first semester. Open to seniors. The fundamental feature underlying contracts; laws governing negotiable papers and their uses; courts and their jurisdiction. The course will deal especially with the application of the subjects to forest conditions.

*Forestry seniors will carry this course till the Christmas recess and receive two credita- 34 THE COLLEGE OF FORESTRY

ENTOMOLOGY

FREDERIC L. WASHBURN, M.A., Professor of Entomology and Chief of Division 302 3d fl. Main Building ARTHUR G. RUGGLES, M.A., Assistant Professor of Entomology 301 3d fl. Main Building ------, Assistant in Entomology

3. Forest Entomology Mr. RUGGLES Four credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Required of juniors in Forestry Course. Prerequisite, Zoot. 1 or equivalent. The student is given a thorough practical training in elementary entomology. He is directed in a special study of insects affecting forest and shade trees, and will be encouraged in doing field work, collecting, identifying, and becoming familiar with the life history of forest insects. Each student will be assigned a forest insect to investigate in the forest during his summer work in the woods. A detailed report, together with specimens of the insect and its work, must be turned in to complete the course.

8. Game Protection and Fish Culture Mr. WASHBURN One credit (three hours per week); first half second semester. Required of juniors in Forestry Course. Relation of game and other birds, and of various four-footed animals, to forest pro tection. Habits, range, usefulness, or the contrary; the manner of protecting the important large and small game, fish and birds. .

FRENCH

COLLEGE OF SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS CHARLES W. BENTON, Litt.D., Professor, Head of Department of Romance Languages 200 Folwell Hall RENE M. DELAMARE, B.L., Instructor

1. Beginning French Mr. DEL AM ARE Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to all, but juniors and seniors receive only half credit; both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester; not credited toward a minor in French. Thieme and Effinger's French Grammar and Reader; modern texts.

2. Intermediate French Mr. DELAMARE Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to sopho mores, juniors, and seniors who have completed Course 1; both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. Francois' Advanced French Prose Composition; modern texts will be read, including some of the works of Coppee, Merimee, Daudet, Scribe, etc.

GEOLOGY

COLLEGE OF SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS WILLIAM H. EMMONS, Ph.D., Professor, Head of Department of Geology and Mineralogy 108 Pillsbury Hall EDWARD M. LEHNERTS, M.A., Assistant Professor 107 Pillsbury Hall DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENTS 35

2. Physiography Mr. LEHNERTS Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open to freshmen. This course is designed for the students in Agriculture and Forestry; and the work includes: (1) the fundamental facts and principles of mathematical and physical geography and their relation to human industries; (2) mineral. rocks. and building stones; (3) ground and surface waters; (4) physiographic regions of the United States; (5) natural resources. their utilization and con_vation; (6) map studies; (7) local field work; and (8) practical problems. Text-books. lectures. and reference reading.

4. Elements of Meteorology Mr. LEHNERTS Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Courses la or 2. The general principles of meteorology are treated. embracing properties and phenom ena of the atmosphere. including an explanation of the ordinary observations of pressure and temperature. together with a more extended study of the apparatus and practice of a weather bureau office. This is followed by a study of storms and climatic elements gener ally. The conditions of climatic changes are studied and the influence of physiographic conditions are discussed. Text-books. lecture. and reference reading.

S. Geography and Geology of Minnesota Mr. JOHNSTON Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Course la. (a) The physical geography of the State in its relation to geological history and indus trial development. (b) A study of the principles and facts of pre-Cambrian geology as exemplified within the State and the extension of these into general appllcation. (c) The present problems of the State in agriculture. drainage. water power. mining. quarrying. etc.. are considered in some detail.

6. Elements of Mineralogy Messrs. BOWLES and GROUT Three credits (six hours per week); secondsemester. Open to sopho mores, juniors, and seniors. (a) The morphology of minerals; the physical and chemical characters of minerals. with demonstrations. a study of the native elements and of economic minerals; the basis of classification. (b) Laboratory work; this consists of practice in the recognition of crystal forms. tests illustrating the range of minerals. and the application of chemical and blowpipe analysis to the identification of species.

GERMAN

JOHN G. MOORE, B.A., Professor, Head of Department of German 210 Folwell Hall LEON METZINGER, Ph.B., Instructor

1. Beginning Mr. METZINGER Six credits (five hours per week); both semesters. Open to all, but juniors and seniors receive only half credit; both semesters must be com pleted before credit is given for the first semester. Pronunciation. grammar, conversation, and composition. selected reading in easy prose and verse. 36 THE COLLEGE OF PORESTk. Y

2. Intermediate Mr. METZINGER Six credits (three hours per week); first semester. Open tothose who have completed Course 1 or its equivalent; both semesters must be com pleted before credit is given for the first semester. This course may be supplemented by Course 5. It should befollowed by Course 6 or Course 7. Students who obtain credit for this course cannot receive credit also for either Course 3 or Course 4. First semester, selections from modem narrative and descriptive prose; selected lyrics and ballads. Second semester, a drama of Lessing, Goethe, or Sch,ller.

3. Scientific Intermediate Mr. JUERGENSEN Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Open to all who have completed Course 1; both semesters must be completed before credit is given for the first semester. First semester: Hodge's German Science Reader (or equivalent). Second semester; Brandt and Day's German Scientific Read,ng. This course aims to give the students a reading knowledge of German for use in scientific studies.

HORTICULTURE

LE Roy CADY, B.S. in Agr., Associate Professor of Horticulture, Acting Chief of Division 22 2d fl. Horticulture Building

3. Plant Propagation Mr. CADY One and one-half credits (six hours per week); last half second semes ter. Required of sophomores in Forestry Course. Study of seeds; vttality and germination tests; propagation of plants by seeds, cuttings, grafting, and budding; nursery and forest plantation work. Laboratory work and practi cums.

6. Landscape Gardening Mr. CADY Three credits (three hours per week); first semester. Required of seniors in Forestry Course. A general course in the practice and principles of landscape gardening, special attention being given to the planting of small grounds.

RHETORIC

ROBERT C. LANSING, M.A., Assistant Professor of English 36 2d fl. Dairy Hall

1. General Rhetoric Mr. LANSING Six credits (three hours 'Per week); both semesters. Required of freshmen. . Theme course: Lectures and recitations 01> the principles of themes, the construction of sentences. and the use of words. The papers written in the classes and examinations of the variQus departments of the colleae ";11 be turned over to the English Department for correction of the Engliah. These will be the subject of personal interviews with the student, and will partly determine his final grade in English. ------~-----

DEP.tfRTMENTAL STATEMENTS 37

2. Argumentation Mr. LANSING Six credits (three hours per week); both semesters. Required of sophomores. Prerequisite, Rhetoric 1. . The course consists of a study of the rules of reasoning, the tests of evidence, and effective presentation. There is frequent practice in writing, briefing, and speaking both from the floor and formal debate.

EDWARD M. FREEMAN, Ph.D., Professor of Vegetable Pathology and Botany and Chief of Division 30 3d fl. Horticulture Building E. C. STAKMAN, M.A., Instructor in Vegetable Pathology 35 3d fl. Horticulture Building

1. Plant Pathology Mr. FREEMAN Three credits (six hours per week); first s~mester. Required of juniors. Prerequisite, Botany 1. General outline of the diseases of plants due to fungus organisms; a special study of the life histories and classification of the most important plant diseases, particularly those affecting economic plants of Minnesota. Thesis work and specialization according to the interests of the students; for instance, for forestry students, diseases of forest trees; for agronomy students, diseases of cereal crops, etc. Special attention is paid to methods of prevention and cure. Lectures, reference reading, laboratory, and thesis work.

2. Wood Technology Mr. FREEMAN Three credits (six hours per week); first semester. Required of juniors. Prerequisite, Bot. 1. A comprehensive study of the structural features of types of the most important woods of commerce; special reference to the woods of the United States and particularly to those of thisState. Structural development in the life of the tree. Physical and mechanical char acters as related to the structural features. A comparative study of a large number of woods with a view to identification and classification. Thesis work on the detailed studies in the histology of the woods.

VETERINARY SCIENCE

MYRON H. REYNOLDS, B.S., D.V.M., M.D., Professor of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery and Chief of Division 16 2d. fl. Veterinary Building ------, Assistant Professor of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery

1. Veterinary Work Mr. REYNOLDS Three credits (three hours per week); second semester. Required of juniors. This course is given by lecture, by practicum, and by library work. fts purpose is to fit students for intelligent care of farm stock. The work will cover animal physiology, anatomy, elementary pathology. causes and prevention of disease. lameness. unsoundness, diseases, and common medicines; and will be illustrated by stereopticon, charts, skeletons, and manikins. Students in forestry complete the work April fifteenth and receive two credits. ------

ZOOLOGY

COLLEGE OF SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

HENRY F. NACHTRIEB, B.S., Professor, Head of Department of Animal Biology 205 Pillsbury Hall CHARLES P. SIGERFOOS, Ph.D., Professor 201 Pillsbury Hall

1. General Zoology Messrs. NACHTRIEB and SIGERFOOS Six credits (six hours per week); both semesters. Required of sophomores. This course is a comparative study of the principles of structure, physiology, and development in animals. In the laboratory a brief study of insects and the dissection of the frog are used as a practical introduction to the course. Then follow a study of cell structure and cell division, a systematic study of representatives of the chief phyla of branches of the animal kingdom, and a study of the elements of embryology as illustrated by the develop ment of the star-fish and chick. Lectures, quizzes, and laboratory work. Text-book required: Hertwig's Man,,!,l of Zoology. STUDENTS

SEN.IORS-a

Allen, Philip T., 2095 Commonwealth Norman, Sigvald, Ortonville Ave., St. Paul Orr, J. Elliott, Michigan City. Ind. Beyer, Walter F., 632 Dayton Ave., Pearce, William R., 1609 University Ave. St. Paul S. E., Minneapolis Blodgett, Harvey P., 330 W. 3rd St., Pettibone, Heman N., 2127 Common. St. Paul wealth Ave., ·St. Paul Clymer, William R., 718 St. Anthony Ave., Spellerberg, Frederick E., 383 W. 11th St. Paul St., Dubuque, Iowa Conzet, Grover M., Nevis Stevenson, John A., 2706 BlaisdelI Ave.. Harris, S. Grant, 1383 Langford Ave.. Minneapolis St. Paul Wilson, Robert, Stillwater Hodgman, Arthur W., 470 Dayton Ave., St. Paul

JUNIORS-8

Griffin, Thomas A., 1510 Lyndale Ave. N.. Nuffer, Harry D., Rochester N. Y. Minneapolis Simpson, Charles D., Northfield Hall, E. Howard, 981 Bayless Ave., St. *Tobin, Paul H., 3028 Hennepin Ave., Paul Minneapolis *Henchel, Norman 0., Rochester Wiggin, Gilbert H., 523 Ontario St. S. E., Moir, John, 1819 Emerson Ave. S., Min Minneapolis neapolis

SOPHOMORES-23

Aldworth, Donald R., Rochester KelIogg, Joseph M.. 770 Ashland Ave., Braden, Kenneth J., 1814 E. 1st St., St. Paul Duluth Lindeberg, George C., 478 St. Anthony Brodrick. Martin J., 603 Delaware St. Ave.• St. Paul S. E., Minneapolis Renshaw, David L., Monona. Iowa Brunelle, Henry D., Cloquet Ringold, Stanley L., 1004 Hague Ave., Clymer, Arthur E., 718 St. Anthony Ave., St. Paul St. Paul Rogers. Ernest C., Hammond *Cummings, Thomas S. C., 11 Summit *Rose, Logan, 810 S. Broad St.. Mankato Court, St. Paul St. Marie, Adrian A., Crookston Dunn, Frank D., 902 Lake Ave., Waseca SaYre, Oliver M., Northwood, Iowa Freeman, George F., 1991 St. Anthony Shanahan, Thomas J., 503 15th St. S. E., Ave.. St. Paul Flat 6, Minneapolis Graham, Samuel A., Winona Spink, Harold W., Havana, III. Haworth, Robert B., 932 Forest Ave.. Waterman, John F.. 1316 7th St. S. E., Des Moines, Iowa Minneapolis Hayward, Herman E., 615 5th Ave. S. E., Wyman, Hiram E., Dundas Minneapolis

FRESHMEN-19

Armstrong, Carroll W., 3709 BarIng St., Chance, Jenner D., Little Falls Philadelphia, Pa. Collar, James W., 654 Selby Ave., St. Barker, Howard F., 1804 University Ave., Paul Minneapolis

*Students whose names are marked with an asterisk have not carried the fulI work of the class.

Dennis, Henry M., 809 6th St. W., Johnson, George K., Marshall Ashland, Wis. Keltner, Ralph J., South Bend, Ind. Dillman, Edwin K., 508 12th Ave. S.E., Lamp.man, Leo 0., Southerland. Iowa, Minneapolis Lundmark, Charles W., 609 Hemlock St. Pay. Clifford, 2118 Marshall Ave.• St Virginia Paul Moe, Norman, Lake Crystal Pry, Gilbert, Cedar Rapids. Iowa Mueller, Alfred T., Markesan, Wis. Hansen. Thorwald S., Cedar Pans, Iowa Sischo, 'Paul C., 1024 Ashland Ave., St. Hawkinson, Carl M., Virginia Paul Hilts, Harry N., Augusta, Wis. Wilder, Myron E., Canandaigua. N. Y. SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE

FACULTY

GEORGE EDGAR VINCENT, Ph.D., LL.D., President 1005 5th St. S. E., Minneapolis CYRUS NORTHROP, LL.D., President Emeritus 519 10th Ave. S. E., Minneapolis ALBERT F. WOODS, M.A., Dean 1199 Raymond Ave., St. Paul DEXTER D. MAYNE, Principal University Farm, St. Paul JAMES M. DREW, Registrar 1307 Chelmsford St., St. Paul FANNIE C. BOUTELLE, Preceptress University Farm, St. Paul ANNA M. SMITH, Librarian 1485 Cleveland Ave., St. Paul

AGRONOMY AND FARM MANAGEMENT

ANDREW Boss, Agronomy and Farm Management 1443 Raymond Ave., S·t. Paul COATES P. BULL, B.Agr., Associate in Agronomy 2137 Commonwealth Ave., St. Paul LOUIS B. BASSETT, Assistant in Farm Management ' 2095 Dudley Ave., St. Paul ALBERT C. ARNY, B.S. in Agr., Assistant in Farm Management 2115 Dudley Ave., St. Paul MARK J. THOMPSON, B.S. in Agr., Assistant in Agronomy University Farm, St. Paul LILLIAN HOLLINSHEAD, Assistant in Farm Accounts , 2219 Doswell Ave., St. Paul

RALPH HOAGLAND, B.Agr., Agricultural Chemistry and Soils 2080 Commonwealth Ave., St. Paul WILLIAM H. FRAZIER, B.S., Assistant in Soils 937 17th Ave. S. E., Minneapolis RODNEY M. WEST, B.A., Assistant in Agricultural Chemistry 2128 Knapp St., St. Paul ALICE MERSEN, B.A., Assistant in Agricultural Chemistry 2111 Commonwealth Ave., St. Paul DE FOREST HUNGERFORD, B.S., Assistant in Chemistry and Soils Universit'y Farm, St. Paul .~------~----~~-~-~~--~---_.__ .-

8 SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE

JOHN T. STEWART, C.E., Agricultura(Engineering 2223 Knapp St., St. Paul ALVAH M. BULL, Drawing 2240 Langford Ave., St. Paul ADDISON L. EWING, M.S., School Physics 2342 Langford Ave., St. Paul ALLEN D. JOHNSTON, Blacksmithing 2111 Knapp St., St. Paul JASON L. MOWRY, Mechanics 1057 13th Ave. S. E., Minneapolis HARty B. ROE, B.S. in Eng., Mathematics 2105 Scudder Ave., St. Paul HALL B. WHITE, B.S. in Agr., Carpentry University Farm, St. Paul JENNESS B. FREAR, M.E., Assistant in Mechanics and Mathematics 1319 7th St. S. E., Minneapolis LLOYD R. WHITSON, E.M., Drawing 1125 8th St. S. E., Minneapolis WALTER C. ANDERSON, E.M., Assistant in Drawing 2366 Ellis St., St. Paul GEORGE F. KROGH, Assistant in Mechanics 1502 Hythe St., St. Paul

THEOPHILUS L. HAECKER, Dairy and Animal Husbandry 1205 Raymond Ave., St. Paul HOWARD R. SMITH, B.S., In Charge of Animal Husbandry University Farm, St. Paul FREDERICK H. STONEBURN, B.S., In Charge of Poultry Husbandry ROBERT M. WASHBURN, B.S. in Agr., M.S.A., Associate in Dairy Hus- bandry 2122 Knapp St., St. Paul JOSEPH S. MONTGOMERY, B.S. in Agr., Lecturer in Animal Husbandry . 1391 Raymond Ave., St. Paul WILLIAM H. TOMHAVE, B.S. in Agr., Lecturer in Animal Husbandry 2121 Langford Ave., St. Paul FRANK W. WHITE, B.S. in Agr., Assistant in Animal Husbandry 2089 Carter Ave., St. Paul ALBERT L. HUTCHINGS, Assistant in Animal Husbandry University Farm, St. Paul WILLIAM F. HAGERMAN, Assistant in Animal Husbandry . 2089 Carter Ave., St. Paul DWIGHT J. LANE, Poultryman 1485 Cleveland Ave., St. Paul CHARLES H. MATTHEWS, Assistant in Poultry 1485 Cleveland Ave., St. Paul EDWIN O. HANSON, Assistant in Dairy Husbandry 1475 Hythe St., St. Paul

DOMESTIC ART

MARGARET J. BLAIR, Sewing, Household Art 1403 Cleveland Ave., St. Paul GRETA E. SMITH, Assistant in Sewing 1070 14th Ave. S. E., Minneapolis ELIZABETH F. BROOKS, B.S. in H.E., Assistant in Sewing 1212 Raymond Ave., St. Paul I r I FACULTY 9

MAUDE B. RICE, B.S. in H.E., Assistant in Sewing 2095 Commonwealth Ave., St. Paul GEORGIA BELLE ELWELL, B.S., Assistant in Sewing 907 7th St. S. E., Minneapolis PHYLLIS FRYE, Assistant in Sewing 1617 4th St. S. E., Minneapolis OLIVE MAC COMBER, Assistant in Sewing 1393 Cleveland Ave., St. Paul

DOMESTIC SCIENCE JUNIATA L. SHEPPERD, M.A., Cooking, Laundering, Home Economics 1385 Raymond Ave., St. Paul LOLA MCCLURE, Assistant 2116 Carter Ave., St. Paul GURID LAATE, B.S. in H.E., Assistant 1472 Raymond Ave., St. Paul CLARA L. AUST, B.S. in H.E., Assistant 320 17th Ave. S. E., Minneapolis IDA SLETTA, Assistant University Farm, St. Paul

ENGLISH ROBERT C. LANSING, M.A., English 2237 Knapp St., St. Paul ESTELLE COOK, Assistant in English, Supervisor of Literary Societies University Farm, St. Paul ELIZABETH B. HAUSE, B.A., Assistant in English 2174 Commonwealth Ave., St. Paul ELEANOR EATON, B.A., Assistant in English 1891 Dayton Ave., St. Paul

ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY FREDERIC L. WASHBURN, M.A., Zoology, Entomology 1112.6th St. S. E., Minneapolis ARTHUR G. RUGGLES, M.A., Assistant in Entomology' 1465 Raymond Ave., St. Paul CHARLES S. SPOONER, B.A., Assistant in Entomology 1465 Raymond Ave., St. Paul

HORTICULTURB LE Roy CADY, B.S. in Agr., Horticulture 2081 Buford Ave., St. Paul ALFRED R. KOHLER, B.S.A., Assistant in Horticulture 2130 Carter Ave., ~t. Paul

AGRICULTURAL BOTANY EDWARD M. FREEMAN, Ph.D., Vegetable Pathology, Botany 2196 Carter Ave., St. Paul WIELAND L. OSWALD, Assistant in Agricultural Botany 1268 County Road, St. Paul

FORESTRY EDWARD G. CHEYNEY, B.A., Forestry 2116 Knapp St., St. Paul JOHN P. WENTLING, M.A., Assistant in Forestry 2160 Carter Ave., St. Paul 10 SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE

VETERINARY SCIENCE MYRON H. REYNOLDS, M.D., D.V.M., Veterinary Science 2145 Knapp St., St. Paul CHARLES C. LIPP, D.V.M., Comparative Physiology 1460 Raymond Ave., St. Paul WILLARD L. BOYD, D.V.S., Veterinary Science 2221 Langford Ave., St. Paul LOUIS E. WILLEY, D.V.M., Comparative Physiology 2089 Carter Ave., St. Paul

SCHOOL (MISCELLANEOUS) DEXTER D. MAYNE, B.S., Practicums, Civics University Farm, St. Paul GRACE DENNY, B.S., Physical Training, Social Culture 1836 Dayton Ave., St. Paul D. C. MITCHELL, B.Sc. in C.E., History, Director of Gymnasium . 2132 Carter Ave., St. Paul EARL L. FINNEY, Mathematics University Farm, St. Paul EDMUND L. BUTTS, Major 25th U. S. Infantry, Military Science and Tactics Plaza Hotel, Minneapolis MARTHA B. MOORHEAD, M.D., Lecturer in Domestic Hygiene 914 2nd Ave. S., Minneapolis MARY L. COFFIN, Music 2914 Portland Ave., Minneapolis DELILAH L. PEARCE, Home Nursing University Farm, St. Paul INGA PEDERSON, Assistant in Library 2120 Carter Ave., St. Paul RUTH TAYLOR, Assistant in Library 1325 5th St. S. E., Minneapolis

COMMITTEES, SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE

Executil1e.-Dean WOODS, Boss, MAYNE, HAECKER, STEWART, F. L. WASHBURN, REYNOLDS, HOAGLAND, FREEMAN, CHEYNEY, CADY, WILSON Library.-MAYNE, REYNOLDS, WALKER, Miss SMITH, LANSING, DORSEY Catalogue.-The Registrar and Heads of Divisions Military.-BuTTS, WENTLING, HOAGLAND Entertainment.-MAYNE, BOUTELLE, Boss Health.~REYNOLDS,MAYNE, BOUTELLE, F. L. WASHBURN, A. M. BULL, PEARCE Dairy School.-HAECKER, HOAGLAND, MOWRY Short Course for Farmers.-MAYNE, Boss, DREW Auditing.-RoE, ARNY, LANSING Athletics.-OSWALD, HAECKER, MAYNE, MITCHELL Students' Work.-MAYNE, BOUTELLE, DREW, MITCHELL Demonstration and Exhibit.-C. P. BULL, WILSON, FRAZIER, BLAIR, SHEP PERD, R. M. WASHBURN GENERAL INFORMATION

LOCATION

The School of Agriculture is located on University Farm, St. Paul, Minnesota, about midway between the business portions of the cities of St. Paul and Minneapolis. The School of Agriculture is a part of the University of Minnesota, and is governed by the University Board of Regents. How to Get to the School

Check all baggage to Minneapolis or St. Paul, and bring checks to the School. A charge of 25 cents is made by the school teams for transporting trunks at the opening of the School. No charge is made for the return of the baggage at the close of school, provided it is ready to go on the days assigned. Monday and Tuesday, October 7th and 8th, members of the Y. M. C. A., wearing lettered badges will be at the Union Station in St. Paul, and at the Union, Milwaukee, Soo, and St. Louis Stations in Minneapolis to meet and direct new students. Take the Como-Harriet or Como Hopkins car from either St. Paul or Minneapolis, and get off at Common wealth Avenue. TIME OF OPENING

The School of Agriculture will open Monday, October 7, 1912, and close March 26, 1913. The fall term will close at 4:30 p. m., Friday, December 20th, and the winter term will begin Tuesday, January 7, 1913. All cadets of the B class and all of the A class who elect drill for next year will report to the Commandant of cadets at Fort Snelling on Thurs day, October 3rd, at 10 o'clock a. m., and remain there until Tuesday morning, October 8th, when they will return to the School to take up the regular school work. Instruction begins promptly at the opening of each term, and stu dents should be present the first day and remain until the close of the term.

PURPOSE

The School of Agriculture was organized in 1888, with the object of giving a practical education to young men and women. I t offers a practical course of study designed to fit young men and young women -~------~- ----~~~~~~~~~~-

for successful farm life, and aims to give to its students the necessary preparation for useful citizenship; but does not aim to prepare students for college.

ADMISSION

Students should correspond with the Registrar of the School, J. M. Drew, University Farm, St. Paul, Minnesota, prior to coming to the institution, to make the necessary preliminary arrangements for registra tion. All male students are required to have had six months' farm practice before entrance. No student under seventeen years of age will be ad mitted. Students who have completed eighth grade work or its equivalent in the common schools, and who are seventeen years of age or older, are admitted without examination. All applicants for admission should send to the Registrar for certificates of admission which, when properly filled out by former teachers or superintendents, will be accepted in place of entrance examinations. Diplomas should not be sent. Applicants whose home schools do not afford complete instruction in the common branches may be admitted with not more than two condi tions which must be removed according to instructions given the student upon admission. Students from city or grade schools will not be admitted before finishing eighth grade work, nor until their former school records have been passed upon by the Registrar. These records must be presented at least three weeks prior to the opening of the school. State High School Board certificates are accepted for work in Eng lish, Physiology, Algebra, Geometry, and Civics, or credits of 75 per cent. or more received on State teacher's examinations. Students who have finished agricultural subjects in the high schools of the State, or other schools under the Putnam or Benson-Lee acts may receive full credit for such subjects as are pursued an equivalent length of time, with proper facilities for instruction. Students are advised to review, while here, such subjects as the enlarged facilities of this School render advantageous.

COURSE OF STUDY

The course of study offered covers a wide range of subjects, and is largely technical in character; but provision is made for some instruction in English and Mathematics. The course is briefly outlined on pages 21 and 22. Instruction is given in the work shop, laboratories, barns, and fields, as well as in the classroom. The course requires three winters of six months each for completion, and is co-educational. Much of the work is taken in common by the young men and the young women. Some of the subjects, such as blacksmithing, carpentry, field work, handling grain and machinery, are taken by the young men, while the young women pursue cooking, sewing, laundering, and household art. The methods of GENERAL INFORMATION 13 instruction tend to educate students toward the farm instead of away from it and to develop in them a love for farm life by showing them its possibilities. In this respect the school has been very successful, as over 80 per cent. of its graduates continue agricultural pursuits.

CLASSIFICATION OF STUDENTS

The Students' Work Committee shall report to the Faculty at the end of the first term, the names of all candidates for graduation, and no student shall be considered a senior whose name does not appear on the list furnished by the Students' Work Committee. No student with incomplete preparatory work, or more than one in complete C subject, excepting high school graduates, will be classified as a B. No student with incomplete C or preparatory work will be made a commissioned military officer.

REQUIREMENTS FOR GRADUATION

First.-The completion of the prescribed course of study, with an honorable standing in deportment. Second.-An essay of not less than one thousand words, upon a topic connected with Agriculture or Home Economics, typewritten on paper of approved size for binding and filing in the library. Third.-For young men, a practical experience in field work at the University Farm or elsewhere, as shall appear in reports received from responsible sources. Young women will be required to spend their vacations in practical work in the home under the supervision of the Sections of Domestic Science and Domestic Art. It is essential that the student should do some work of a practical nature during the vacations following the first and second school years respectively. Students will be given a credit for this work just the same as for other school work. Blanks giving an outline of the work in detail, and blanks for certification are furnished to all stu·dents. It is expected that all the boys in the School will devote their vaca tions to actual farm work, or to some form of agricultural work, and the girls to some line or lines of work, such as making bread for the family, canning fruits, vegetables, etc.

EXPENSES

The necessary expenses for the year do not exceed $100. This amount does not include the cost of the required military suit for the young men, traveling and personal expense. Residents of Minnesota are charged an entrance fee of $5 per school year; non-residents of the state, $10. 14 SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE

The cost to the student for board, heat, light, and laundry is the ac tual cost of maintaining the table (including management), and caring for the buildings. This has not exceeded $3 per week. Each term's board is paid in advance. The buildings are all lighted by electric lights and warmed by steam. The sleeping rooms are each furnished with a bed stead, mattress, dressing bureau, chairs and table. No deduction in charge is made for any absence of less than five days. If students are compelled to be absent for that length of time, they are allowed half rates, if they make arrangements before leaving. Text-books are furnished at a rental of $2.50 per year through the Students' Co-operative Store to students who do not desire to purchase. A gymnasium fee of 25 cents is charged each student. The average cost to students of the first year for drawing instruments and material, note books, and all necessary stationery and supplies is between $12 and $15. For students in the second and third years the cost is slightly less. Each student is required to pay for breakage of apparatus used in practical work. A competent nurse is kept on the ground to care for the sick. To meet this expense each student pays $1 per term. For the purpose of supplying, calcimining, and painting the sleeping rooms, a reserve fund is created by assessing each one occupying them $2.00 for the school year. A deposit of $5 is required of each student as a guaranty for the return of all books and other articles borrowed. This deposit is not returned until the student severs his connection with the school. On entering the school the student, if he is a resident of Minnesota and is to room and board at the institution, makes a payment of $5 entrance fee; $30 board; $1.25 book rent; 25 cents gymnasium fee; $1 maintaining nurse; $2 reserve fund; $5 deposit; total $44.50. All male students are required to provide themselves with the pre scribed uniform, which consists of cadet gray blouse, trousers, and cap, and is as neat and economical a dress as the student can obtain. The suit complete, to measure, is furnished under special contract for $15.50. Each girl is required to provide herself with at least two large white aprons with bibs and two pairs of half over-sleeves to wear while at work in the Domestic Science laboratory. Each student provides four sheets, one pair of blankets, one quilt, one bed spread, one pillow, three pillow cases, towels, napkins, comb and brushes, one glass tumbler, and one teaspoon. Students who do not room in the dormitories will be required to rent a post-office box in the Main Building in order that notices, etc., may reach them promptly. Each student in attendance at the School who expects to return the following year and who desires to room in the dormitory will, before going home, make a deposit of $2 with the Cashier as evidence of good faith that he expects to return on the opening day'of the following school year. Dormitory rooms will be assigned to new students in the order in which GENERAL INFORMATION 15 their applications are received. Each prospective student who desires to room in the dormitory will be required to send a deposit of $2, which will be returned in case the application is received after all dormitory rooms are spoken for. In the case of either a former student or a prospective student, this two dollar deposit will be forfeited if the student does not appear for registration on the opening day of the school year, unless he has signified in writing to the Registrar at least ten days before the opening that he does not intend to return. All money orders or checks should be made payable to Harriet Matthews, Cashier.

HOSPITAL FUND

The Hospital Fund will be expended under the general direction of the Health Committee. This fund insures, for those contributing to it, the care of regular nurses and such medicines and materials as the regular nurses may use. It does not provide medical treatment by physician. It does not provide hospital expenses of students rooming off the campus or away from the institution. Students rooming off the campus are not expected to contribute to this fund. They may, if they so desire, purchase hospital service cards for one dollar per term which will entitle them to office consultation and treatment by the nurse and, if they live within reasonable distance from the grounds, may have the privilege of nurse calls at fifty cents per call, when nurses can be spared from regular duties on the grounds. It does not provide for special nurses, if such be required by reason of serious or long continued illness, except as provided for in the following nile: Rule Adopted by the Health Committee, March 9, 1909. "After usual and necessary running expenses connected with the Hospital Fund have been taken care of, any available balance may be used for paying special nurses or other extraordinary expenses. Any balance still due such special nurses shall be paid by students requiring such extra help and pro-rated according to the number of days attend ance for each. "A dispensary fee of $.25 for each office service by nurses will be collected from those who have not contr-ibuted to the hospital fund. "The regular hospital fee is collected from dining-.room help the same as from students, and this help is then entitled to nurse-care on the same basis as students."

STUDENTS' TRUST FUND

The class of 1902 left with the School a fund of $100 "to assist by temporary loans, at a reasonable rate of interest, deserving students needing such help, who are not below the B class in the School of Agri- 16 SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE culture. " This fund is in charge of a committee consisting of the Dean, the Principal, the Preceptress, and the President of the A class.

THE LUDDEN TRUST

The late Honorable John D. Ludden, of St. Paul, gave the University of Minnesota $5,000, to be held, invested and re-invested by the University through its Board of Regents, and the income thereof to be collected, received, and applied by said Board of Regents to the financial assistance of students of either sex in the School of Agriculture. Mr. Ludden deliv ered into the hands of the Regents, for the principal sum, one Northern Pacific registered prior lien railway land-grant gold bond of the denomina tion of $5,000, payable to the University of Minnesota and its assigns in gold coin, on the first day of January, 1997, with interest at 4 per cent per annum, payable quarter-yearly in like gold coin, the fund to remain so invested until the bond matures, unless by reason of changed conditions a reinvestment shall be sooner deemed judicious by the Board of Regents for the safety, conservation, or continued productiveness of the fund. The premium on the purchase of this first grade security was $212.50, and was paid by Mr. Ludden, thus enlarging his donation by that amount. Mr. Ludden afterward donated an additional sum of $5,000 for a like purpose, so that the yearly income is now $400. Mr. Ludden imposed the following conditions: "The beneficiaries must be youths who are residents of the state of Minnesota; they must be and continue of unblemished moral character, and of temperate and industrious habits; and they must be such as by examination and trial shall evince and maintain a taste, habit, and aptitude for study and improvement; and any student who shall fail to come, or shall cease to be, within the above conditions shall forfeit all claims to the benefit of such fund. Subject to these conditions the administration of such income is entrusted to the said board of regents, which may make such rules there for as they may deem judicious. " This fund produces $400 a year. Those wishing to avail themselves of its benefits should apply to the Executive Committee of the Board of Regents of the University of Minnesota.

ASSEMBLY

On each school day, at 11 :40 a. m., excepting Monday and Wednes day, the students assemble in the chapel. After the opening exercises, brief talks are given by the Principal, members of the Faculty, or invited guests. During the year the list of speakers will include prominent state and national officials, business men, particularly those connected with the agricultural industries, professional men, prominent clergymen of all denominations, educators from other institutions, and successful farmers. GENERAL INFORMATION 17

It has been found that this plan gives to the students an opportunity to hear men of prominence discuss a wide range of topics, many of which relate to rural and agricultural problems.

HOLIDAYS

On Thanksgiving Day no classes will be held, but school will continue as usual on the Friday and Saturday following. Lincoln's birthday, February 12th, and Washington's birthday, February 22d, will be observed by appropriate exercises.

HOME LIFE ON THE CAMPUS

The life of the students while attending the School of Agriculture is subject to supervision. The home life of each student is carefully guarded, and everything done to promote a healthful and moral atmosphere. The use of tobacco and spirituous liquors of all kinds is strictly forbidden. No person will be admitted as a student who is known to have the cigarette habit. Anyone not in accord with these restrictions and not willing to lend a hand toward a strong moral growth, should not come to the School of Agriculture.

STUDENTS IN DORMITORIES

The Principal of the School of Agriculture has charge of the boys in in their dormitory and social life, and the Preceptress has charge of the girls in their dormitories and social life, under such regulations as may be approved by the Dean. From 8:00 a. m. to 4:30 p. m. and also after 7 p. m., students not at recitation or chapel are expected to be in their rooms or in the library studying or reading. The rooms shall at all times be quiet, especially in the evening, 50 no student may be disturbed. The cadet officers shall make daily inspection of the boys' dormi tories, under proper supervision of the instructors.

LECTURE COURSE

During the school year, a lecture and entertainment course, usually consisting of six lectures and concerts, is given in the chapel. These entertainments are strictly high grade, and furnish a pleasant relaxation from school work, as well as mental stimulus. The following program, which was provided during the past year, shows the general character of the entertainments. October 25th Music The Tyroleans November 15th Lecture Caleb Powers November 28th Magician Edwin Brush 18 SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE

December 16th Entertainer Emerson Winters January 29th Music John Eberly Concert Company March 2nd Lecture Sylvester A. Long

ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS Students' Debating Societies Students are urged to unite with one of the ten literary societies of the School for both pleasure and profit. The work is under the supervision of one of the instructors in the English Department. I t affords training in parliamentary practice, public speaking, debating, and dramatic work. All student organizations making use of any of the college buildings must tile a statement with the Registrar, giving names of president, secretary, and treasurer, and all organizations collecting fees must deposit the fees with the department Cashier and turn in their books at least once a term to be audited by the department auditing committee to whose rules all such organizations must .conform. Before any new student organization is formed, permission must be obtained from the chairman of the Entertainment Committee. Students' Christian Associations The Young Men's and the Young Women's Christian Associations have for their objects social fellowship and moral and spiritual develop ment. To this end, two receptions are held each year, and Bible classes are held Sunday mornings at 8:30. A general religious service is held each Sunday at 5:30 p. m., and a mid-week prayer-meeting each Thursday at 6:30 p. m. The associations are non-sectarian, so that all students may find in them an opportunity for Christian activity and mutual helpfulness. Farmers' Clubs Farmers' Clubs, as now organized in Minnesota, are local organiza tions of farmers. Each club usually represents a small territory, as a rural school district or township. The Agricultural Extension Division aids in organizing these clubs, and in helping them to continue effectively. Extension Bulletin No.1 describes the work of these clubs and the methods of organization. Speakers are sent from the Extension Division and Institute force as often as practicable to help with the local program. A list of timely topics is sen~ by the Division to each club each month, and also blanks on which the clubs may report. At least 150 such clubs are organized in the State, and many more are needed. Students of the School of Agriculture can be very helpful in this work,. by acting as leaders in their local communities. The Minnesota Farm Review The Minnesota Farm Review is a monthly agricultural paper owned and published by the Alumni Association of the School of Agriculture. The paper is intended to be a medium by which the former students of GENERAL INFORMATION 19

this institution shall be kept in touch with each other, and also with the School and Experiment Station. It also endeavors to bring the farmers of the State into closer connection with the institution, and to this end it strives to present the latest progress in experimental work at the various stations. It is the official organ of the Alumni Association and of the Farmers' Club.

The University Farm Pr~ss News

One of the instruments used by the Extension Division for the pur pose of keeping the public informed of the work done at the Department of Agriculture of the University of Minnesota, as well as of keeping the public posted on new developments in agriculture, is a small sheet of information published semi-monthly, known as the University Farm Press News. This sheet is mailed to all of the papers in the State.

The Minnesota Farm Library

The Extension Division of the Department of Agriculture will pub lish monthly a small popular bulletin, under the caption, Minnesota Farm Library. Each one of these bulletins will deal, in a popular and interesting way, with some phase of farm life. Most of them will be extracts from technical bulletins published by the Minnesota Exper ment Station or other agricultural institutions. The attempt will b to present the technical matter from these publications in a more simple and interesting manner than is done in the ordinary station bulletin. The Minnesota Farm Library will be mailed free, monthly, to any citizen in Minnesota so desiring.

LIBRARY

The Agricultural Library is well equipped for supplying the needs of both undergraduate and graduate students. It contains nearly 19,000 volumes of general and technical literature, government reports, etc., besides 50,000 unbound pamphlets, bulletins, and reports. The general subject and author card index, and the index of publications of the state experiment stations are always at the disposal of all students, to aid them in locating the various sources of information which the library affords. There are complete sets of all the standard encyclopedias and dic tionaries, and files of over 225 popular and technical magazines and peri odicals. The librarian and her assistants are always ready and glad to give whatever assistance they can, both to those interested in special research work and to those doing regular reference work in connection with their classes. All those wishing to read or study are made welcome, and are given whatever privileges the library can provide. 20 SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE

ZOOLOGICAL MUSEUM This is in the third story of the Main Building and connecting with the entomology lecture room. It contains one of the finest collections of birds in the Northwest, a large series of mammals, shells, anatomical models, etc., all used in class instruction. One case is given up to models of injurious insects and a collection of spray pumps, nozzles, etc., showing the various makes on the market. Another case is devoted to a beautiful series of Minnesota fishes, reptiles, and amphibians, and on two sides of the large room devoted to museum purposes are cases containing thousands of pinned insects. Friends of the institution who are inclined to donate zoological specimens may rest assured that they will be properly installed' and given the best of care.

MINNESOTA FARMERS' INSTITUTES

Farmers' Institutes in Minnesota are under the direction of a Board, composed of three members of the Board of Regents, and the Presidents of the State Dairymen's Association, Minnesota Horticultural Society, and Minnesota Agricultural Society. The direct supervision of Institute work is given to a Superintendent, chosen by this Board, who has his offices at the School of Agriculture. Institutes are held in rural schools, town halls, and in cities and vil lages wherever sufficient interest is shown to warrant. For information regarding Institutes, and to secure dates, address the Secretary of the Farmers' Institutes, University Farm, St. Paul.

OTHER SCHOOLS OF AGRICULTURE IN THE STATE School of Agriculture at Crookston The School of Agriculture at Crookston, Minnesota, established by the LegiSlature of 1905, is in active operation and offers to the young men and young women of the Red River Valley a three years' course in practical farming and home-making. The school year for 1912-13 will open October 1, 1912 and close March 28, 1913. For further informa tion address School of Agriculture, Crookston, Minnesota. School of Agriculture at Morris The 1909 session of the Minnesota Legislature accepted from the National Government the gift of the Morris Indian School and appro priated funds for its maintenance as an agricultural school. The con trol of the institution was placed in the hands of the Board of Regents of the University of Minnesota. The school opened October 3, 1910, with a large enrollment totalling 104 for the year. The courses of in struction are made to conform as closely as possible with those of the school at St. Anthony Park. During the summer arrangements will be completed for considerable enlargement of facilities, making it possible to accommodate more students and offer better instruction. The 1912 13 term will open September 30, 1912 and close March 19, 1913. COURSE OF STUDY Figures in brackets indicate the number of periods per week in which the subject pursued. FIRST (C) YEAR Firsl Term Agricultural Botany [4] Music [2) Farm Mathematics [51 English [5) or Physiology [5 ·Cooking [2) ·Drawing [2) .Blacksmithing [2) 1 Physical Training [21 .Carpentry [2) .Sewing [2) Military Drill [3) or Social Training [1) Agronomy [5) Field Agriculture [31 Gymnasium [2) 1.Home Nursing [2) t.Practicums [2) Second Term Agricultural Botany [4) English [5) or Comparative Physiology [5) Study of Breeds [5) Music [2) ·Carpentry [2) .Drawing (farm buildings) [2) I ·Laundering [2) .Blacksmithing [2) or .Sewing [2) Military Drill [3) Physical Training [2) Gymnasium [2) 1.Parm Accounts [2) .Practicums [2) SECOND (B) YEAR First Term English [2) Agricultural Physics [5) Elementary Chemistry (7) Dairy Lectures .Dairy Husbandry [2)1) Dairy Practice f Dairy Breeds Fruit Growing [31 Music [2] (optional) ·Farm Accounts [4) 1 ·Farm Accounts [2) .Stock Judging [2) ·Cooking [21 Household Art [I) Breeding [2) J or f Military Drill [3) Physical Training [2) Gymnasium [I) l.Sewing [2) Second Term English [2) Agricultural Chemistry [5) .{ Dairy Stock Lectures .Dairy Husbandry [2)11 Dairy Practice Dairy Feeding tSee page 26 .Subject extends through double time in the daily program. ...------~-~_.

22 COURSES OF INSTRUCTION

Music [2] optional Agricultural Physics [5] Vegetable Gardening [3] Farm Management (5] ) *Meats [I] *Dressing and Curing Meats [I] *Cooking [2] Military Drill [2] or Home Management (II Gymnasium [I] Physical Training [2] 1*Sewing [2] THIRD (A) YEAR First Term Forestry [3] Zoology [3] Poultry [3] :A1gebra [5] Chorus [I] optional Soils and Fertilizers [5] } *Farm Implements [I] *Cooking [3] *Veterinary Science [2~] or *Sewing [2] { Gymnasium {I] Music [2] Music or Military Drill [2] Second Term Civics [4] English [4] Plant Propagation [3] Entomology and Insect Collection [3] :Algebra [5] Chorus [I] optional Dairy Chemistry [2] *Farm Implements [I] ) *Grain Judging [I] Home Economy [I] *Stock Judging [I] *Cooking [3] Feeding [3] or Domestic Chemistry [31 *Veterinary Science [2~] *Sewing {3] *Dairy Stock Judging [I] 1Domestic Hygiene [11 *Subject extends through double time in the daily program. :Required of those expecting to enter the College of Agriculture. DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENTS

AGRICULTURAL BOTANY

This course consists principally of a study of the flowering plants. The practical side of the subject is emphasized by the study of the plants usually found on the farm. Some work is done in the greenhouse, which enables the students to see more clearly the functions and different parts of the plant. This course includes a botanical study of weeds found on the farm, and the botanical features concerned in methods of eradica tion. Determination of weed seeds found in grain and grass mixtures is also a part of this course. Plant diseases, such as rusts, smuts, potato diseases, etc., are studied and the best preventive methods are discussed. Some instruction is given in the use of the compound microscope.

AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY

. In Agricultural Chemistry, one term is given to a study of the ele ments and compounds which are of the most importance in agriculture. This work is planned to prepare the student for intelligent study of the chemistry of foods, soils, and fertilizers, and at the same time to familiarize him with the more important chemical changes which take place in every day life. Laboratory practice forms a prominent feature of the work. In the chemistry of foods, the composition of plant and animal bodies, the chemistry of plant growth, the chemistry of animal nutrition, the digesti bility and value of foods, and the laws governing the economic uses of foods, are some of the subjects considered. The composition and the utilization of farm crops for food purposes and the application of the principles of chemistry to plant and animal life form the basis of this work.

AGRICULTURAL PHYSICS

In this department it is the aim to enlist the student's interest in a more keen appreciation of the principles that underlie the practices of his vocation. To this end, the facts with which he is already somewhat familiar are used to reach the fundamental law. For example, from his knowledge of the relation of weight to bulk in grains, soils, and water, he is led to a knowledge of volume, mass, density, weight, force, draft, specific gravity, and fluid pressure. So far as possible the work is carried on by experimental demonstrations before the class. Likewise, the some what vague and indefinite notions the young people have from their use of pulleys, eveners, and other farm machinery form fitting stepping stones to definite mathematical results, readily reached by them under proper guidance. 24 SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE

The varied questions of soil physics, soil formation, the movements of water and air through soil, soil temperatures, soil grains and granules, and pore space are matters studied from the practical side and used as avenues to far-reaching laws.

AGRONOMY

A general consideration is given of soil formation; soil moisture and its control; the principles and effects of tillage and rotation of crops; farm crops, including history; uses, selection, storing, and testing of seeds; preparation of seed-bed and planting; cultivation; harvesting; meadows and pastures; methods in plant improvement; practice in judging grains and com.

ELEMENTARY ALGEBRA

Beginning Algebra is offered throughout the senior year, required of all students intending to enter college, and optional for others. This work covers Wells' New Higher Algebra, or equivalent texts, through simple equations of one unknown quantity. Special attention is given to literal notation, negative numbers, factoring, fractions, and the simple equation.

BLACKSMITHING

The students are instructed in the management of the forge and fire, and in bending, shaping, and welding iron and steel. They are required to make links, rings, hooks, bolts, clevises, tongs, cold-chisels, punches; in short, become familiar with all the operations necessary to enable them to do their own repair work when they return to the farm. Particular attention is given to rapid and accurate welding and to the shaping and tempering of steel tools. The forges used are such as any farmer can make for himself, and each student is taught to make his own tools, so that he will be able to furnish his shop with very little outlay.

BREEDING

Students receive instruction in the principles that govern breeding, on the influences that affect heredity, and in the care and management of breeding stock. Pedigree receives careful consideration, and each stu dent is required to make out pedigrees of two or more pure-bred animals. They are also required to become familiar with methods of keeping live stock records of all kinds.

CARPENTRY

Instruction is given by means of lectures on the care and use of the common carpenter tools, such as should be found on every farm; also in methods of farm building construction,-framing, laying out rafters, DEPARTMENTAL· STATEMENTS 25 stairways, estimating building material, painting, etc. In the carpenter shop, students are required to make such exercises as will give them some practice in using carpenter tools. They are required to make mortise joints, splices, drawing-boards, hammer-handles, eveners, cup-boards, etc. Each student is required to file his own saws, sharpen his planes, chisels, etc.

CIVICS

During the last term of the course, students receive instruction in this science and graduate with a good understanding of the origin, neces sity, nature, and various forms of government, and of the machinery employed to carryon public works, establish justice, and provide for the common defense; of the organization and management of local institu tions, the town, the village, the city, and the county; the manner in which states are created and affairs administered; the three departments, legislative, judicial, and executive, and the functions of each; the inter dependence of the state and its citizens, as well as the powers and obliga tions of each, by due attention to which the state may be strengthened and the condition of its citizens ameliorated. The relations of the state to the general government, the constitution and the power it confers, and the provisions for amendments are taught. The more important principles of commercial law, including contracts, agency, partnership, corporations, and commercial paper, receive atten tion. Instruction is also given in the United States method of surveying public lands.

COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY

During the first year, students take one term of applied physiology. This is an ~ffort to connect technical physiology with the necessities of every-day life. The work includes a study of the general plan andstruc ture of the body and the various individual tissues of which it is composed; also of the sources of heat and energy, digestion, and the relation of food materials to the various tissues of the body. Considerable attention is given to diseased and innutritious foods, food adulteration, and nar cotics. The circulation is studied with special reference to the relation of the blood and lymph to tissue nutrition and tissue waste. Accidents, including poisoning, are studied for the purpose of giving a practical knowledge of what to do in emergencies. Considerable attention is given to the subject of clothing, the various materials in use being considered with reference to fitness for special purposes. Some time is also given to the study of common physiology, of the organs of circulation, digestion, respiration, the nervous system, and the relations of bacteria to the common diseases, especially such diseases as consump tion, typhoid fever, etc. A brief study is also given to the subject of digestion in the lower animals. 26 SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE

The class-work is illustrated by means of large charts, skeletons, manikins, and dissection. Important points of difference between human and animal physiology are pointed out, in preparation for the third year's work in the veterinary class. Matters of home and personal hygiene are interwoven with the physiology work.

COOKING

Cooking extends through five terms of the curriculum. The subjects covered in each term are as stated below: First term, C year: Furniture and equipment needed in a home kitchen; best methods of managing kitchen work, caring for kitchen and dining room utensils, furniture, etc.; the place of measuring and weighing in cookery; the preparation and serving of vegetables, cereals, and bread. First term, B year: Cooking is again taken up; the special topics being the preservation of fruits and vegetables by canning, preserving, pickling, and jelly-making. The selection, preparation, and serving of meats of all kinds is also considered. A sufficient amount of practical work is given in each case to illustrate the principles brought out. A special study of table service is begun during this term and extends through the year, a practice dinner being given by a portion of the class in the class dining room each month. Second term, B year: Eggs are considered as to selection, preserva tion, food value, different ways of cooking and serving. The preparation and serving of soups and beverages is considered, together with their food value. The subject of salads is considered in a similar way. First term, A year: This is devoted to the marketing and care of food. The preparation and serving of dairy foods, and made-over dishes and dishes for invalids receive special attention. Second term, A year: This is devoted to the preparation and serving of desserts, and to the study of food rations, dietaries, bills of fare, con fections, etc. A free use is made of the U. S. Bulletins during the year, in the hope of arousing a greater interest in the food question and en couraging home reading along this line:

DAIRY CHEMISTRY

The chemical and allied changes which take place in the handling of milk and its manufacture into butter and cheese and the application of these principles to the production of milk and its products form the basis of this work.

DAIRY HUSBANDRY

Farm Dairy Lectures.-A course of lectures is given in farm dairying, giving instruction in the care of milk and utensils, explaining the principles involved in creaming milk by the gravity and centrifugal processes, and lJF'" .. _._-~~--..,.,.,.,..------~---

g1vmg full instruction in regard to running farm 'separators and the manufacture of butter and cheese in the farm dairy. During the last half of the first term, students receive instruction in regard to the characteristics of the various breeds of dairy cattle, their origin and comparative adaptability for the dairy. Lectures are given upon the points desirable in animals intended for the dairy. The students have practice work in judging dairy stock. During the second term lectures are given covering both the scien tific and practical phases underlying the principles of feeding. Practice work is given in compounding rations and estimating the comparative \"alue of food stuffs. Commencing the first Tuesday in February, lectures in bacteriology are given the girls in place of dairy feeding. This work treats in an ele mentary way the subjects of bacteria, yeasts, and moulds in the home. It is the purpose of this course to familiarize the young women with the growth and character of fungi commonly met in household and dairy management. A microscopic examination and study of the more common forms of fungi is made and special stress is laid on the practical applica tion of the subject to the home. Dairy Practice.-Students receive instruction in the most advanced methods of creaming milk, ripening cream, churning, working and packing butter, the manufacture of sweet curd cheese, and measuring the value of milk by the Babcock test and lactometer. This practice-work begins the second week of the first term and continues throughout the school year.

DOMESTIC CHEMISTRY

The composition of human foods and their combination to form balanced rations; dietary studies of families; cost and value of foods; chemical changes and losses in the cooking and preparation of foods; cereal food products; animal food products; fruits; adulterations of foods and their detection; fuels, soaps, disinfectants, dye stuffs and colors; the composi tion of common household utensils; the household water supply; prepara tion of home-made baking powders; bakers' chemicals; the composition, food value, and characteristics of tea, coffee, chocolate, cocoa, molasses, honey, Yinegar, spices, flavors, extracts, etc.; the grading and testing of wheat flour; the chemistry of bread making, mtd household sanitation form the essential parts of this work. Laboratory practice is given in the study of the composition of foods and in detecting adulterations of different foods, such as milk, cream, butter, oleomargarine, lard, cheese, coffee, tea, vinegar, catsups, jellies, flavors and extracts, baking powders, cereal breakfast foods, and flour. The aim of this work is to give students an idea of the composition, uses, and value of food materials, and the part chemistry takes in sanitation and household affairs. 28 SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE

DOMESTIC HYGIENE

InstrJction is given concerning the causes and nature of infectious diseases, their modes of spreading and means to be taken to limit their spread. The common preventable diseases, typhoid fever and tubercu losis, are discussed and special stress is laid upon the importance of per sonal hygiene in limiting the transmission of these diseases. Hygienic requirements as to food, clothing, rest, and exercise are considered, and suggestions are given in regard to personal hygiene during the periods of childhood, girlhood, and motherhood.

DRAWING

The drawing course is so arranged as to prepare the student to make working drawings of broken parts of machinery, to design out-buildings, and to read and interpret intelligently plans and specifications made by contractors. In view of this the first term is devoted to working drawings of castings; the second term, to simple architectural design.

DRESSING AND CURING MEATS

The instruction given the boys consists of demonstration lectures on the preparation of meat for farm use. They are required, in addition, to take two weeks' practice in dressing, cutting, and curing such meat as is likely to be used on the farm. Work is also given them in selecting and judging fat stock, and in judging dressed meats.

ENGLISH

Applicants for admission to the School, who are deficient in the knowl edge of the inflections of the parts of speech, the classification of phrases and clauses and case constructions are required to make up the deficiency by a course in grammar, for which no school credit will be given. C Class. In the first year, English is studied five hours a week for one term. Three hours are given to constructive work with almost daily practice in writing short exercises based on Mayne's Modern Business English. Two hoars are given to the interpretation and analysis of literature. B Class. In the second year. English is studied two hours a week for two terms. The writing of weekly themes and the study of the forms of discourse constitute the work. A Class. In the second term of the third year a course in Rhetoric is given covering four hours a week. The object of the training is fluency and correctness in written andoral English. The writing of the grad uating thesis is a part of the course. ------

ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY

The class receives instruction of apractical nature. The course is . divided as follows: Classification of insects; habits and life histories of injurious forms, with special attention to insect pests found in Minnesota. The nature of the different insecticides and methods of application are discussed. The student spends some time in becoming acquainted with the appear ance and habits of beneficial insects. About four lectures on bee keep ing are also given. Each student must collect fifty insects, represent ing at least twenty-five different kinds. The four-footed pests of the farm, rabbits, gophers, squirrels, etc., as well as injurious and beneficial birds, are also studied.

FARM ACCOUNTS

The work in Accounts is applied to the transactions which the student meets in the various duties of the farm and household. He is taught to keep his accounts, that he may know at any time the profit or loss in any department of his business, and is thus enabled to plan intelligently.

FARM IMPLEMENTS

In the study of Farm Implements different types and makes of the various classes of farm machines are brought together in the classroom. Here ample opportunity is given for a comparative study, including adaptability and efficiency of each type, the aim being to make students familiar with construction and working parts of all the classes. Special attention is given to convenience, durability, and adaptability, cost of machinery equipment for different types of farms, life, depreeiation, and care of same.

FARM MANAGEMENT

Systems of farming; selection of farms; rotation of crops and the planning of rotations suitable to the students' home farms and to farms operated under different systems; the cost of producing farm crops; marketing farm products; business methods applied to the farm, and a statement of the farm business are given. . An accurate plan of the home farm, showing fields with crops raised on each and yields, and the location of farmstead and buildings, is required upon entering this course. Before leaving for home at the close of the first year, students should consult with the instructor on this subject and obtain from him directions and blanks, so that the work required upon entering may be performed at home during the summer, where it may be easily and accurately completed. 30 SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE

FARM MATHEMATICS

Instruction in this subject consists of drill for accuracy and speed in the simple processes of mathematics and the application of principles to problems where measurements of material, extension, capacity, etc., are required. Students are prepared also to handle with ease the mathe matics of the technical courses in the School. Students deficient in Arithmetic will be given special work to prepare them for Farm Mathematics.

FEEDING

The principles of feeding as applied to the growing of horses, beef cattle, sheep, and swine are taught. Special attention is given to the choice and preparation of food for animals during different periods of growth, and during the time they are used for 'breeding purposes, and to summer feeding and pasturage. Practice is given in compounding rations that will include in the best manner the food-stuffs commonly produced on the farm. Practical lessons in feeding are given at the barns under the supervision of an experienced feeder. Each student thus learns the requirements of each class of stock.

FIELD AGRICULTURE

This work consists of a study of those portions of geology relating to soil formation; effect of the glaciers on the soils of Minnesota: origin of soils in the various agricultural regions of Minnesota; classification of soils; soil moisture and soil tillage: land areas and the planning of fields and farms; the classes of field crops, as grains, grass, and cultivated crops; the relation of these crops to each other in a systematic rotation and in their relation to soil fertility; the origin, distribution, and uses of cereal crops and other field crops.

FORESTRY

Forestry includes the consideration of the formation and care of windbreaks and shelter-belts; the'laying out and planting of home grounds; discussion of the hardiness, habits, and value of our native and introduced trees, and the methods of propagating them.

FRUIT GROWING

Fruit-growing is taught with reference to raising fruit for market and in the home garden. DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENTS 31

GRAIN AND CORN JUDGING

This course consists of a discussion of the use and value of the score cardi a study of the structure of each of the classes of seeds; a brief history and study of the characteristics in detail of each of the varieties considered; the adaptability of varieties to different localities; the conditions affecting yield; score-card practice and comparative judging, to impress upon the mind of each student the details to hold in mind in the selection of good seed grain.

GYMNASIUM WORK

The gymnasium is a large, well-lighted, two-story brick building. It is well supplied with heavy apparatus for general gymnastic and athletic exercises, together with such appliances as are necessary for the develop ment of a symmetrical body. Besides being fitted up with the finest apparatus, it possesses space and equipment for sprinting, pole vaulting, hurdling, high and broad jumping, shot-putting, etc. . Class work in physical training is required of all undergraduate young men not excused on account of physical disability. Courses are offered on the heavy apparatus, in corrective work, class drills, and athletic training. In addition to the regular class drill, ~ certain part of which consists of training in athletic sports, the School is represented by a strong basket-ball team, a track athletic team, and hand-ball team.

HOME ECONOMY

The lectures in Home Economy are a study, not only of the just proportion between expenditure and income, but of definite proportion in the expenditures made for existence, comfort, culture, and philanthropy. A study is made of the sources of income; especially of the income from the farm in the form of house, food, and luxuries; the purchase of neces sities, such as household stores and furnishings, is considered from the standpoint of the suitable; and desirability shown of saving something to be used in securing things which promote culture and comfort. The relation of cash and credit to cost is also considered. Attention is given to saving and forms of investment, a bank account, and the use of a check book. Students are required to submit an account setting forth in detail the use of a certain named income expended in the suppor~ of a family for one year, embracing not only every item of necessary home expense, but also an outlay made for travel, luxuries, accident, sickness, or oth emergencies. The habit of keeping a household account is calculated to strengthen the judgment in the wise use of money.

HOME MANAGEMENT

This subject includes both housekeeping and home-making; and the instruction is based on the belief that housekeeping is a business as impor------_... ---

tant as it is difficult, and that home-making is the noblest form of human endeavor. The care of the house and household belongings,of the food, utensils, plumbing, etc., as well as the general ordering of family life, are considered in their relation to an adequate plan for home management. The end sought is to start the student in the right way of becoming mistress of the business of housekeeping and home-making. The practical benefit to be derived from the knowledge students gain in the cookery, sewing, dairy, laundry, and other classes is emphasized and shown in its relation to an adequate plan for the daily program for the home.

HOME NURSING

A course of lectures will be given on the subjects of contagion and the care of contagious diseases; how to treat snake bites and other poisonous wounds; how to apply splints to all kinds of fractures, and how to stop the flow of blood in case of hemorrhage. Practical demonstrations will be given in the making of bandages and applying the tourniquet. A bed will be placed before the class and the students taught to make it up with the patient in it. Stretcher drill will be given. The common poisons and their antidotes will be taught, and what to do while awaiting the arrival ef the doctor.

HOUSEHOLD ART

Lectures are given upon house and grounds, noting the distinctive character of the country home; the sanitary conditions involved in the selection of the site of the house, also the influence of the outlook; an elementary study of architecture in connection with planning a house which will provide a "place for everything" required in housekeeping operations and family life; instruction in the fundamental value of color, form, and design; training the taste and emphasizing the laws of hygiene that should influence the selection of materials and styles in the finishings and furnishings of the house.

LAUNDERING

Second term, C year: The aim is to give the students a knowledge of the best means of cleansing all fabrics, with little injury to the cloth or color. Approved methods of cleansing by the use of chemicals, as in re moving grease spots, stains, etc., are given.

LITERARY SOCIETY WORK

Any student belonging to a recognized literary society of the School may receive credit in the course of study for the work done therein, by registering at the beginning of the term, and submitting to the teacher DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENTS 33

in English all essays to be read by such student before the literary society, / and rehearsing to said instructor all essays, readings, or recitations, with a view to correct pronunciation, expression, etc.

The instruction given to the girls in the subject of meats pertains to the selection and value of different classes of meat, and to the best methods of curing and preserving.

MILITARY DRILL

Under the provisions of the Act of Congress of 1862, establishing the .. Land Grant Colleges" of the United States, instruction in Military Science and Tactics is required to be given at all colleges which are its beneficiaries. For this purpose the United States Government furnishes the Department of Agriculture with the necessary arms and equipment, and details an officer of the regular army to take charge of military science and tactics. All male students of classes Band C, not physically unfit, are required to attend military cirill. For the A class, drill is an elective. Military instruction is intended to be so conducted as to develop a soldier-like bearing and foster a spirit of gentlemanly courtesy, soldierly honor, and obedience to lawful authority, as well as to familiarize students with battalion manoeuvres, guards, and the theoretical and practical use of firearms. The officers and non-commissioned officers are required to be good students in the other departments, soldier-like in the performance of their duties, exemplary in their general deportment, and able to pass a credit able examination in drill regulations. In general, the officers are selected from the A class; sergeants and corporals from the B class.

Instruction in this department takes in elementary theory, sight singing, and music history. The course is planned to give the students a basis for musical appreciation and culture, as well as a practical knowl edge of musical forms and terms. Special attention is given to habits of breath control and the enunciation of w~rds, and a thorough system of solfeggio is employed. . For students whose voices and training will admit them, there is offered a chorus class, consisting of a mixed chorus, a women's chorus, and a male chorus. This offers special advantages for musical develop ment and experience. A student orchestra is maintained which assists in' public exercises given by the School. 34 SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE

A band is organized with, military regulations, under the direction of the instructor in music. Boys owning instruments and having band experience are urged to make application for this work.

PHYSICAL TRAINING

The work done in this department aims at symmetry, co-ordination, and control, rather than mere physical strength. It is planned to improve the functional activity of the body and to counteract and correct tend encies toward incorrect development, especially those resulting from the artificial life of civilization. The work of the beginning class is free-hand, based upon Swedish principles, and directed especially to deep breathing, correct carriage and posture. The work of the advanced class includes the use of light apparatus and aesthetic movements looking to grace and suppleness in action. Games and folk dances are part of the work of both classes.

PLANT PROPAGATION

In this subject the principles underlying the development of cultivated varieties of plants are taught; also the propagation of plants by seed, cuttings, grafting, and budding. The work of the classroom is illustrated by the orchards, nurseries, forest plantations, gardens, and greenhouses on the grounds of the Experiment Station, and by visits to commercial nurseries and greenhouses near by.

POULTRY

The instruction in this subject will include the following topics: History and characteristics of the leading breeds of poultry; breeding, rearing, and manhgement of fowls for eggs and for the market; planning, building, and arrangement of poultry-houses; managing incubators and brooders. A model poultry-house, containing pens of the most improved breeds, incubator-cellar, work-room, etc., has been provided, where experimental work and practical instruction are carried on.

PRACTICUMS

Instruction and practice are given in doing practical things about the fields and barns; fence-building; road~making; water supply; planning daily program on farm; land descriptions and measurements; soldering; pipe-fitting; rope-splicing; making rope halters; cement work; gasoline engines, etc.

SEWING

Instruction is given in the principles and use of healthful and appro priate clothing, and in the needlework of the home. The course provides DEPARTMENTAL STATEMENTS 35

for six terms' work. During the first term, instruction is given in the elements of sewing, including different stitches, seams, hems, and the vari ous kinds of mending, and the cutting and making of a cooking outfit; also practical talks on the use and care of the sewing-basket, touching the history of the various implements, and upon the textiles used-cotton, wool, linen, and silk. In the second year, instruction is given in cutting and making plain garments, drafting underwear, shirt waists, and cotton dresses-taught by a simple method in which only a tape line and square are used. In the third year the more difficult work of dressmaking is taken up, including pattern-drafting, designing, cutting and fitting dresses. A practical aid to the work in this subject is offered by a museum of exhibits. These exhibits are kept in classrooms, and include primitive and modern sewing implements, weaving processes, and the various cloth fibres. Lectures are given on the utilitarian and art values of various textiles, and attention is paid to harmony in color.

SOCIAL TRAINING

A course of lectures is given on the usages of society, including manners, behavior, the voice, conversation, forms of address, invitations, etc. Suggestions are made in reference to reading, literary taste, and the choice of books. Special stress is given to the thought that the family life ought to be the highest expression of good society, and that next to the power of thinking correctly is the power of approaching others with ease, and of speaking with tactful directness.

SOILS AND FERTILIZERS

Some of the topics studied are: The formation of soils; adaptability of crops to different kinds of soil; chemical composition of soil; physical analysis of soils; interpretation of soil analyses, the judging, rating, and scaling of soils, alkali soils, acid soils; humus and its relations to soil fer tility; the factors governing the increase and decrease of the nitrogen of the soil; farm manures: their composition and uses, and their action upon soils; green manures, commercial fertilizers, special-purpose fertilizers and their use; the influence of different methods of cultivation upon the fertility of the soil; the food requirements of farm crops, the rotation of crops as affecting the fertility of the soil; the income and outgo of fertility from farms where different systems of farming are followed; the general principles of soil exhaustion and soil improvement, and the various factors which affect the fertility of soils. The classroom work is supple mented by laboratory practice.

STOCK JUDGING

Score-cards are used to an extent sufficient to familiarize students with that method of judging, and special efforts are made to do systematic 36 SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE and closely critical work in the selection of animals representative of the breeds and for breeding purposes. Living specimens are used, and rings made up for the student contests in stock judging. In connection with the work in dressing and curing meats, the judgment passed on live animals for the block is verified by score-cards, judgment' of the dressed carcasses, and by actual block tests. These tests are made by the students, and bring out the percentage of meat in each commercial cut of the carcass.' The quality of meat is passed upon in this connection by experts, and a careful report made to ascertain the type of animals best calculated for the production of the most meat of the best quality.

STUDY OF BREEDS

The market classes of horses, cattle, sheep, and swine are taken up briefly to bring out the form, quality, and condition desirable and common to the different classes. This is followed in each class of stock, with the most common and valuable breeds for the State. These are studied carefully as regards their characteristics and origination, and as to their adaptability to the different Minnesota conditions. This work is illus trated with stock from herds and flocks maintained at University Farm for this purpose.

VEGETABLE GARDENING

Vegetable gardening embraces the study of garden tillage irrigation and rotation of crops; transplanting; formation and care of hotbeds; study of garden insects; and the growth of various vegetable crops.

VETERINARY SCIENCE

During the A year the student takes up a course of study in Veterinary Medicine, the purpose of which is to fit him for intelligent care of his farm stock. In this course the teaching is done by means of lectures and reviews and clinical work at the hospital maintained for this purpose. Lectures are illustrated by means of stereopticon charts, manikin of horse, skeleton of horse, and various other appliances. The work covers the following subjects: Elementary anatomy; ele mentary pathology; cause and prevention of diseases; diagnosis and treatment of common diseases; examination for soundness; and a final short course on common medicines, studying their effect, uses, and doses. At the hospital clinics, students are enabled to examine and care for a variety of cases and to learn the elements of diagnosis for the more common diseases and forms of lameness. INTERMEDIATE YEAR

For Graduates of the School of Agriculture Who Wish to Enter the College of Agriculture

This course will not be offered after the school year 1912-13, but it is proposed to offer two years of advanced work along agricultural' lines, to graduates of the school course only, who desire to spend further time in study. Those who complete this course with proper grades may, if they so desire, enter the College of Agriculture on equal footing with graduates from accredited high schools. The course of study in the School of Agriculture extends over three years, and the school year is six months long. This is not designed to prepare for college work. For those who wish to enter the College it is necessary to supplement the course offered in the School of Agriculture by an additional year's work of nine months in general academic branches. The subjects offered in the intermediate year can be taken elsewhere, in any accredited high school, before entering the College of Agriculture. This intermediate year enables graduates of the School of Agriculture to enter the College of Agriculture on the same basis of preparation as that of students entering other departments of the University. English and' Mathematics are given prominence in the intermediate year. The following prescribed course, or its equivalent taken in some other school, is required of graduates of the School of Agriculture who desire to gain admission to the College of Agriculture: First Semester Second Semester Elementary Algebra [5] Higher Algebra [5] Plane Geometry [5J Plane and Solid Geometry [5] English [5J English [5] General History [4J General History [4] The course in Algebra for the intermediate year covers Downey's Complete Higher Algebra, through logarithms, except chapter 14, Part I, andchapter 18 and parts of 19 and 20, Part II,coveringsubjects not specially pertinent to the work of this College. The course in Geometry covers Gore's Geometry, from Book I to VIII, or equivalent texts except the work in symmetry, maxima and minima. Special attention is given in both above courses to practical problems, short methods of computation, and a good foundation for Plane Trigo nometry. These courses are open to all who have completed the work in Algebra in the third year of the School of Agriculture, and are required of all students entering college courses, except that the second term Algebra is not required for the course in Home Economics. Regular high school graduates will be required to take the work of the second semester in' Higher Algebra unless they can furnish regular high school record in same. 38 SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE

The work preliminary to these courses is done by the student in the A y~ar in the School of Agriculture. Intermediate English is required of those who intend to enter any of the colleges. It consists of a study of masterpieces necessary for college entrance, the history of English literature, and considerable writing on subjects in connection. It is given five hours a week for two terms. SHORT COURSES

THE SHORT COURSE IN TRACTION ENGINEERING

The growing use of traction engines in general farm work has made it advisable to offer a special course in the use of power machinery as one of the Short Courses in the Department of Agriculture of the University of Minnesota. The course is complete in itself, covering four weeks of study and practice. The mornings are devoted to lectures and classroom work, and the afternoons to actual practice in the various departments, under the supervision of the instructors of the School. Such a course opens a great opportunity to the young man interested in mechanics, who has had some practical experience in the handling of engines, enabling him to acquire in a short time valuable training in the theory and practice of engineering. The entire equipment and the staff of the Division of Agricultural Engineering are at the disposal of this course, and provide a splendid opportunity for pursuing the work. A special circular giving full particulars regarding this course will be sent upon application to the Registrar, University Farm, St. Paul.

STATE TEACHERS' TRAINING SCHOOL

A State Teachers' Training School will be held at University Farm, beginning June 17th, and closing July 27th. This school has been organized by authority of the Department of Public Instruction, and will be conducted under its supervision. Through the special courses offered, it is expected to serve the teachers of the entire state, and at the same time to afford speCial advantages to teachers of near-by counties, in which training schools are not held. The general aim of this school is to offer suggestive and practical methods and aids to teachers of rural schools. It has a two-fold purpose. One is to offer a review of the elementary studies, together with training in methods, and a consideration of the questions relating to organization and conduct of rural schools. The second is to meet the present general demand for industrial training. Courses will be offered in Elementary Agriculture, Home Economics, and some simple Manual Training work. Work will be taken up in all the academic subjects that are required for the first and second grade state teachers' certificates. A circular describing this course may be obtained by addressing the Registrar, University Farm, St. Paul.

DAIRY SCHOOL This course is designed to furnish persons who are actually engaged in the manufacture of butter and cheese, in creameries and cheese factories, ~~- ~~~~------~~_ ..-

40 SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE an opportunity to become more skilled in their work, and also to study the many problems which have a direct bearing upon the dairy industry. Recognizing the fact that such persons cannot be away from business for a long period, the term has been so arranged that the time of each student is fully occupied by lectures and actual work in the creamery training room every hour of every working day of the term. The next session of the Dairy School will open Monday, November 11, 1912, and continue four weeks. A special circular giving full information concerning this course will be mailed to prospective students who request it. Requirements for Admission.-Experience has shown that students who have had some practical training in the creamery or cheese factory before coming to the Dairy School are, as a rule, the ones who are able to make the most of the course; it is therefore required that persons who intend to take this course shall have had at least one season's experience before coming to the school. No entrance examination is required.

SHORT COURSE FOR FARMERS

The Short Course for Farmers was established by the University of Minnesota to meet the needs of the large class of enterprising farmers who are unable to avail themselves of the regular courses in Agriculture. It has been offered for eleven years, and, as it now stands, is the result of meeting the problems of the practical, progressive farmer. The time devoted to this course is so limited that the selection of topics has been made with great care, in order to give the largest amount of information and training possible. The daily work will be given in lecture form and by demonstrations, covering the important branches of Agriculture, Horticulture, and Live Stock Growing. Special attention will be given to the judging of grains, soils, and animals. This course offers exceptional opportunities for the study of the latest investigations in Agriculture and their application to work on the farm. It should appeal to the man of mature years, who is ambitious to become familiar with the best agricultural thought and practice. A special circular describing this course will be ready for distribution early in the Autumn of 1912. Requirements for Admission.-There is no entrance examination, and no age limit is prescribed. Any man or woman interested in farming and the betterment of farm life is eligible. Time of Session.-The Short Course for Farmers opens the third week in January, and continues for four weeks. Expense of Course.-There will be a registration fee of $5 for the entire course or any part of it. This charge covers the whole course, and no deduction is made for those who desire to take but a special part of the work, or who for any reason are absent from regular lectures. THE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

The Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Mimie sota was established by National and State Legislation in 1887. The function of the Experiment Station as set forth in the Hatch Act is "to aid in acquiring and diffusing among the people the useful and practical r information on the subjects connected with agriculture, and to promote scientific investigation and experiment respecting the principles and applications of agricultural science." The funds provided by the National Government have been supplemented recently by the Adams Act which will ultimately provide $15,000 annually, and appropriations for special lines of experimental work have also been made by the State Legislature. The Experiment Station is located at University Farm, St. Paul, and is one of the Divisions of the Department of Agriculture of the Univer sity of Minnesota, and the officers of the Station are also professors and instructors in the School and College of Agriculture. The chief executive officer of the Station is the Director, who is also Dean of the College of Agriculture. Affiliated with the main station are a score or more of trial stations maintained by the State Horticultural Society. The Experi ment Station also carries on co-operative tests and investigations with the U. S. Department of Agriculture and with farmers in various parts of the State. Experiments are conducted in the following lines of work: Agronomy, Farm Management, Agricultural Chemistry, Entomology, Horticulture, Veterinary Science, Dairying, Plant Pathology, and Agricultural Engi neering.

NORTHWEST EXPERIMENT FARM

To give special consideration to local conditions in the northwestern part of the State an experiment farm was established at Crookston in 1895. The farm contains 450 acres and is one mile north of the city. It has a well-equipped poultry plant from which much good breeding stock is being distributed among the farmers. With aid from the U. S. Office of Experiment Stations the farm is taking an active part in testing surface and tile drainage for the Red River Valley region. It is also encouraging a more extensive growing of clover. The School of Agriculture at Crookston is operated in connection with the farm.

EXPERIMENT FARM AT GRAND RAPIDS

The Legislature of 1895 also provided for a second experiment farm to make possible a more thorough study of the agricultural conditions of the northeastern portions of the State. This farm was located at Grand . Rapids, April 6, 1896, and lies two miles east of the village. It contains approximately 375 acres of land, with the nesessary farm equipment consisting of dwelling house, barns, machinery, live stock, etc. 42 SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE

LIST OF BULLETINS PUBLISHED DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1911

Bulletin No. 121. Orchard and Garden Spraying. Bulletin No. 122. The Smuts of Grain Crops. Bulletin No. 123. Cut Worms, Army Worms, and Grasshoppers. Bulletin No. 124. The Cost of Minnesota Dairy Products. The bulletins of this Station are mailed free to all residents of this State who make application for them. SUMMARY OF ATTENDANCE

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1911-12

College of Agriculture- Men Women Tota Graduate Students . 14 2 16 Special Students . 6 6 12 Normal Students . 65 65 Agricultural Course: Senior Class . 8 8 Junior Class . 21 21 Sophomore Class . 41 41 Freshman Class . 51 51 Forestry Course: Senior Class " 14 14 Junior Class . 8 8 Sophomore Class . 23 23 Freshman Class . 19 19 Home Economics Course: Senior Class . 14 14 Junior Class . 10 10 Sophomore Class . 32 32 Freshman Class. . . 83 83

205 212 411 411 The School of Agriculture- Intermediat'; Year . 18 1 25 A Class . 106 42 148 B Class . 221 98 325 C Class . 241 135 382

598 282 880 880 Dairy School. . 96 96 Farmers' Short Course . 122 5 121 Junior Short Course . 203 101 310 Traction Engineering Course . 38 38 Teachers' Training'School. . 51 838 889 College Summer School. . 25 45 10

535 995 1530 1530

School of Agriculture at Crookston . 122 31 159 School of Agriculture at Morris . 61 24 91

189 61 250 250

Total in Department of Agriculture...... •...... 3017 Less Duplicates " ,.0'.. 21 Total...... •.....•• 3056 STUDENTS

INTERMEDIATE YEAR-25

Aamodt, Arne W., 857 Albemarle St., St. Paul Lathrop, Leslie To, Hugo Anderson, Arthur L., 1485 Cleveland Ave., Mattice, Norman L.. 1365 Waverly Place, St. Paul Minneapolis Bahls, Ernest J., 1946 Iglehart St., St. Paul Melin, Robert, Monticello Baker, Ernest C.. Monticello Nelson, Dan M., 2800 Plymouth Ave. N., Barsness, Tilda B.. Glenwood Minneapolis Berg, Alma, 3610 Vincent Ave.. Minneapolis Peterson, Fred 0., Olivia Brann, Alonza S., 1015 Mary Place,:Minne- Samuelson, Ruth V., LaIayette apolis Snell, Ruth E., 403 Dewey Ave., St. Paul Edwards, Irene, 806 4th St. S.E., Minneapolis Sorensen, John A., Clinton Elsberg, Ellen, 1617 9th Ave. S., Minneapolis Steffens, Bonnie R., Racine Friedman, David T .. St. Charles, III. Villars, Wendell D., 18 Barton Ave. S. E. Gill, James No, Northfield Minneapolis Hamilton, Vida L., Osseo, R. 1 *Weium, Olaf M., Mabel Jones, Laurence G., 2315 Polk St. N. E., Winters, Lawrence M .. Ma7.eppa Minneapolis A CLASS-148

Aamodt, CarlGraschus, 857 Albemarle St., Day, William E., Granite Falls St. Paul • De~erell, George Stephen, White Bear Aamodt, Olaf Sever, 857 Albemarle St., St. Devine, Florence Avellia, New Brighton Paul Enright, Agnes B., Rose Creek Anderson, Clara Alida, 2701 University Ave. Flaten, Alice Leone, Granite Falls S. E., Minneapolis Fletcher, Ralph Olmstead, St. Louis Park Anderson, George Harold, Ortonville Frost, Ruth Miriam, 420 Dewey Ave., St. Anderson, Minnie, Hopkins Paul Arneson, Clarence, Shelly Gehl, Anna Henrietta, Kinbrae Arnold, Christian Lucius, Watkins Gillett, Newton M., Blue Earth Avery, Wilbur Lee, Austin Gilman, Percy Clay, Medford Bede, Russell, Pine City Gold, Glenn W., Redwood Falls Benrud, Ole C., Goodhue, R. 3 Gould, Orrin Everett, Fairmont Berg, Jesse Fred, Dundas Griffith, Beniamin, Ottawa Berge, Elizabeth, 2117 Langford Ave., St. Halverson, Emil W., New U1m, R. 3 Paul Hansen, Harry J .. Rockville Berge, Inga Marie, 2117 Langford Ave., St. Haverstock, J. Louise, 3424 5th Ave. S., Paul Minneapolis Bergland, Clifford T., Clearbrook Hecht, Erwin B., Waseca Borgeson, Carl Stevens, LeSueur Hibbard, John Culver, Northfield, R. 8 Bostad, Lawrence S., Fosston Hilden, Ellen A., Watson Bremer, Henry Carl, Lake City, R. 1 Hilgers, Frank H., Barnesville Bruesehoff, Rose Dorothy, Norwood Hoel, Ruth A., 713 Chamber of Commerce, Bryan, Harold Edwin, Red Wing, R. 2 Minneapolis Burau, Edna Ruth, Breckenridge Holen, Thomas, Lowry Burquest, Arden Enoch, Robbinsdale Holzgraf, Wesley Albright, Blue Earth Carlson, Carl Joseph, Brookfield Hopkins, William Lloyd, Sta. F., R. I, Minne- Carr, Eugene Dickenson, Excelsior, R. 3 apOlis Carson. Foster, Pipestone Howe, Charlotte B.. Robbinsdale, R. 3 Cass, Lueilla, Brainerd Howie, Fred Robert, Dennison Comaford, Harold Coupland, Monticello Hulbert, Howard Horace, Excelsior, R. 3 Crowther, Earl Lindon, Fairmont Hulbert, Karl E., Excelsior, R. 3 Darling, Lela, 327 19th Ave. S. Eo, Minne Jacobson, Cecile Louise, Madison apolis Jarahaw, Olga A., Madison

*Died November 6, 1911. STUDENTS 45

Jenkins, Hugh L., Amboy Ouren. John B.• Hanska Johansen. Mads Erik. Tyler. R.I. Box 55 Pauley, George Charles. St. Bonifacius Johnson. Arthur Wilbur. 4405 Pleasant Ave.• Peters, William Harrison, Litchfield. R. 3 Minneapolis Peterson. Edward W., Ruthton Johnson, Joseph T .• Kasota Peterson, Elmer Le~s. Sleepy Eye Johnson. Oscar Rutbford, Center City Peterson. James M.• 3754 Portland Ave.• Kelley, Marie Pauline, 836 E. 4th St.• St. Minneapolis Paul Ouanrud. Li11ie. Spring Grove Keogh, Paul Lucus. Deer Creek Raudenbush, Inez. 2382 Doswell Ave.• St. Kinsey, Grace Marian. Ottawa Paul Knutson, Albert A., Adams Runck. Frederick William, Springfield Knutson, Albert Rudolph. Pelican Rapids. St. Martin. Carrie R .• Sta. F .• R. I, Minne- R.3 apolis Kobler. Fred L•• Deer Creek SandVIg. Edwin 0 .• Kerkhoven, R. 2 Kottke. Lillian. Hutchinson Sandvig, Julius N.• Kerkhoven. R. 2 Krebs, Thomas G.• 1217 4th St. S. E., Minne- Sargent. Lee W.• Red Wing. R. 3. Box 3 apolis Schattenberg. Adolph Gustave. Boerne. Kyle, Cecil F.• 2647 TaylorSt. N. E., Minne- Texas apolis Schroeder. Wi11iam H.• White Bear Labbitt. Raymond Walter, 1488 Capitol Ave., Selthun, Enms AlVIna. Rolette, N. D. St. Paul Seward. Arthur Hillis. Farmington LaPlant. Dorothy Ellen. Elk River. R. 3 Sheets. Russell S.• Gary LaPlant, Guy Alfred. Elk River, R. 3 Skrivseth. Clarence J., Turtle River Larson. Minnie. Pipestone Stay, Henrietta. Glenderado Lee, Severine Anette, Kenyon Stensrud, Martin L., Watson Lewis, Percy Eugene, Lewisville Stoddard. Mildred, 1247· Laurel Ave.. St. Lillejord. Hans Claus, Bellingham Paul Lincoln, Guy E., Pipestone Swanson. Carl Victor. Red Wing Long. Walter C., White Bear Swanson. Elmer Gideon. 813 25th Ave. Lord. Clarence Bertrand, Hugo N. E .• Minneapolis Lundell. Leon N.• 707 Penn Ave..Minneapolis Teigen. Rudolph C.• Watson McKenney, Robert Lynn, 1403 21st Ave. Thomas, William Arthur, Spartanburg, S. C. N., Minneapolis Thompson, Cleve Charles. Badger Mahlum. Howard Jerome. 722 S. 6th St.. Thotland, Jessie May, Robbinsdale. R. 2 Bra,inerd Tongen, Ole 0 .• Hazel Run Martenson, Alfred C.. Granite Falls Torgerson, Ingvald C.. Wbalan MeHan. Tessie F.• 14 Atty St., St. Paul Tosterud. Martin, Caledonia Mernll. William Charles, Jr.• 2107 Com- Turner, Herman Maynard. St. Peter monwea1th Ave., St. Paul Tvedt.Palmer 0 .• Ada Montgomery. Lynn Vernom, Weaver Utley. Florence. 818 Edmond St., St Paul Mosman. Sidney A.. Monticello Utter, B. Adolph. Ceylon Nelson, Albert Marinus, Grove City. R. 3, Voxland, Lena Josepbme, Kenyon Box 43 Warde, George A.• Robbinsdale Nelson. Harold Bernard. Mton Weeber, Philip H .• New Brighton Nelson, Jennie. Delano Wells. Hugh Harold, Rush City Nelson. Lillian Mane. Cor. Langford and Willey. Grace Darling. Holmen, Wis. Snelling Ave.• St. Paul Willey. Stephen L.• Holmen. Wis. Nelson, Walter Otto, Wahpeton. N. D. Wilson. Bessie Mathilda. Ihlen Ness, Lumen E., Lanesboro Wilson, Hugh Robert. Pipestone Nettleton, Gertrude Eunice. Stockton Youngberg, Alfred Grover. Howard Lake Olson, Alice Emelia, Copas Youngberg. Gustavus Benson. Howard Lake Olson. Eva Ehzabeth. 3128 Park Ave., Minne. Ziebarth. Arthur W•• Osseo apolis Ziebarth, Fritz W•• Herman Olson, Oscar Albert, Truman Zignego. John Francis, 2304 14th Ave. S.• Minneapolis

B CLAS&-325

Albrant, William M., Rushford Anderson, Elmer H., Braham Anderson. A. Ferdinand. Neving Anderson. Elvin W., Hills 46 SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE

Anderson, Engdena B.. Mton Combs. Clara'F., 954 St. Anthony Ave., St. Anderson, Mae F., 2408 Elliott Ave., Min- Paul neapolis Covart. Florence B., 1394 Grand Ave., St. Anderson. Marvin A., Hopkins Paul Anderson, Robert J .• Cologne Crane, Lucas M., Garden City Archibald, Leemon A.. Long Lake Currie, Lester T., Seaforth Atkinson, Lawrence H .• 1916 60th Ave. E., Danielson, Edna L., Hendricks Duluth Danielson, Roy I.• Hendricks Austin, Fannie 1.. New York Mills Danielson, Ruth C., 416 West Laurel St., Ayers. Harold Y.• 1120 Palace St., St. Paul Stillwater Bahls, Benjamin J .. St. Paul Park Dean, James T., Jr., 61 S. Victoria St., St. Bahls, John C.• St. Paul Park Paul Baillif. Allen E., Sta. F., R. 4, Box 47, Min- Denissoff, Basil, 1480 Raymond Ave., St. neapolis Paul Baldwin. John M.. Frazee Denissoff, Mrs. Mary, 1480 Raymond Ave., Barton. Emily, Silver Lake St. Paul Benrud, Kenneth G., Goodhue, R. 3 Doran, Lester S., 234 Prescott St., St. Paul Benson, Benora S.• Jackson. R. 4 Draheim, Edward R., Hammond Berge, Thelma 'J.• 2117 Langford Ave., Dresser, Eugene L., New Auburn St. Paul . Dubbels, Elsie M., Viola Blexrud, Millie, Caledonia Dudley, Paul R., 3017 Stevens Ave., Minne Blexrud. Nora J., Spring Grove apolis Bloom. Anna C., Center City Dunn. David S., Lakeville Bloom, Arlene L.• Chisago City Eastman, Marion 0., 822 6th St. S. E., Min Boehme, Sidonie, G., 2215 Lyndale Ave. neapolis N•• Minneapolis Edman, Robert, Alvarado Boerner. Pearl A. M .• Bu1falo Edman, Victor M.• Alvarado Bollman, Edward W., Wilson Eisert, Emery R., Morristown Bollum, Bendick C.. Goodhue Eisert, Jesse J., Morristown Boom, Charles L.• Wheaton Erickson, Christine. Minneapolis, R. 3, Sta. F Boyer, Harry L.• Rochester Erickson, Edwin H., Olivia Boyle. Edward F., Adrian Erickson, Elmer J., Battle Lake, R. 3 Boyum. Benjamin, Rushford Ericson, Laura M.. Hector Brietenbauch. Lawrence L.. Battle Lake Ericson, Palmer E. N., Goodhue, R. 6 Brothers. Harold G., 3408 Columbus Ave., Failing, George S., Lake City Minneapolis Farmer, William P., Airlie Brown, John C., 3027 Pleasant Ave., Min. Farnham, Ethel I., Brickton neapolis Fitzgerald, Francis C., 923 Summit Ave., St. Brown, Joseph E .• 122 Arthur Ave. S. E •• Paul Minneapolis Foltz, Charles M.• Princeton Brownell, Tracy G.. Grand Meadow Fossum, Cornell, Moose Lake Brusse, William, Baldwin, Wis. Freberg, Oscar F., Hector Buckbee, Catherine, 965 14th Ave. S. E., Freeman, Edith G., 302 S. 11th St. Flat 8, Minneapolis Minneapolis Buggy. Berna;'d E., Blue Earth Friedl, Florence, 1163 Laurel Ave., St. Paul Burner, Ruth D., 3446 Pleasant Ave. S., Frizzell, John W., Odessa Minneapolis Froberg, Helen. 1907 Lincoln Ave., St. Busse, Helen M.. Merriam Park, R. 3 Paul Bye, Lewis, Emmons Gaarder, Christian A., Morris Calvert, Luella A., Eyota, Box 78 Gamble, Elsie E .• Eden Prairie Canton, Inga M., Watson Geh1; Martha L., Kinbrae Carlson. Alma C., Monticello Geiken, John J .• Mankato Casweil. Mildred A., Anoka George, Grover C.• Goodhue, R. 3 Chappell, Herbert H .. Hugo, R. 29, Box 53 Gibbs, Alice C., Merriam Park, R. 3 Chatwood, Frederick G.• Campbell Gilliland, Millard S.• Pipestone Chidester, Marion L.• 436 Dewey Ave., Gilman. Florence. Rosemount St. Paul Girrbach. George. Jr., 2311 Dupont Ave. N., Cleland. Elliot H., Northfield Minneapolis Collin, Charles, Swea City, Iowa Graves, David W.. Excelsior Collin, Henry T., Sacred Heart Gregoire, Arthur C., Goodhue, R. 1 STUDENTS 47

Griswold, Clinton E .• 3021Knox Ave. Soo Krantz, Fred A., Iona Lake Minneapolis Krefting, Alfred F.. 4851 Lyndale Ave. N.. Hall, Lynn B., Fairmont Minneapolis Hammargren. Florence A., Harris Kreiser, Harry D., Corcoran Hancock, William R., 2720 Garfield Ave. S, Kyllo, Gunhild A., Kenyon Minneapolis Lange, Arthur F., Lake City, R. I Hansen, Leona L., 563 Carroll St., St. Paul Larson, C. Edwin, Taunton Hanson, Hazel G. M., Windom Larson, Louise S., Pipestone Hanson, Herman C., Ortonville Larson, William S., Center, N. D. Hanson, Roy, Clarkfield Lees, Florence E., 629 5th St. S. E., Minne- Harrison, William T., Sta. F.• R. I, Minne- apolis apolis Leighton, Ramer D., Stockton Haug, Odean E., Sacred Heart Leonard, John H., Kenyon Haugland, Arthur, Watson Linn, Anna C., Chisago City Hegerle, Joseph L., St. Bonifacius Linton, William E., 1045 Everett Court, St. Hegnes. Arthur J., Medford Paul Helgeson, Griffith H., Hills Loftus, Harry G., New Brighton Hengeveld, Celia M., 719 Sherburne Ave., St. Lokensgard, Elvin, LeSueur Paul Loveland, Edwin C.. Richville Henry, Bertha M., 3137 Oakland Ave., Min- Lovell, James A., Vernon Center neapolis Lydiard, Stanley J., Medford, Oregon Herrick, Clinton W., Hendricks McAlmon, Elizabeth I., 514 6th Ave. S. E., Hilgren, Rudolph J., Parkers Prairie Minneapolis Hoffman, George E., Long Lake McCallum. Charles E., New Brighton Hokans, Aina, 1726 3rd St. N., Minneapolis McCallum, Laura G., New Brighton Holbrook, Adeline 0., Brownsdale McDougall, Blaine, Royalton Holmes, Mabel F., Morristown McNeil, Oliver W., Maynard Holtan, Martin I., Dawson McNelly, Frank, Caledonia Huntsinger, Lillian H., Oronoco McVeety, Thomas L., Jr., Mallory Hurdelbrink, George E., Brownsville MacKenzie, Islay, 1458 W. Minnehaha Ave., I1Iescas, Octavio F., Callao, Peru St. Paul Ingberg, Benhard, Hendrum Mackey, Philip C., 825 Fairmont Ave., St. Jensen, Margrethe, Milaca Paul Jensen, Mary, Milaca Mackie, Frank H., New York Mills Johnson, Hamlet E., Robbinsdale Madsen, Christian J., Fawndale Johnson, Christine E., Milltown, Wis. Marshall, C. Ray. Windom, R. 2 Johnson, Elvin J., Litchfield Martin, May A., Watson Johnson, Grace H., 793 Magnolia St., St. Mathisen, Lester, Alborn Paul Matthews, George F:, Mount Vernon, N. Y. Johnson, Harriet C., 3709 Pleasant Ave., Melbraaten, Ernest H .. Spring Grove Minneapolis Miller, Lucile, 2104 James Ave. S., Minne- Johnson, Hjalmer E., Hopkins apolis Johnson, Ida C., Lafayette Milliren, Cecil M., Pipestone Johnson. Emily,1459 Gibbs Ave. N., St. Paul Molenaar. Nellie, Raymond Johnson, Raymond C., New Ulm Montgomery, John F., Red Wing Johnston, Frederick G., Long Lake Moore, Robin A., 905 E. 4th St., Duluth Johnston, Isabelle, Sta. F., Minneapolis Morek, Carl J., Storden Jones, Hugh J., Ottawa Mork, Edwin C., GeorgevilIe Jones, William N., Russell Moses, Francis W." Tracy Kalmoe, Ludwig, Montevideo Munck, Arthur E., Bixby Keene, LeRoy H., Mankato, R. 6 Mundwiler, Ralph E., Ortonville Keller, Jacob, Jr., Slayton Munro, Margaret E., 1943 Dayton Ave., St. Kildall, J. Harold, Pier 4, Arlington Dock, Paul Seattle, Wash. Murk, Gilbert G., Richville Kirkwood, Roderick, 2267 Carter Ave., St. Murray, Margaret S., 459 Selby Ave., St. Paul Paul Myrah, Harry, Spring Grove Kjeseth, Arthur C., Deronda, Wis. Nelson, Alice G., Afton Kjos, T. Edwin, Rushford Nelson, George H., 3410 2nd St. N., Minne Korista, Albena, Silver Lake apolis Korista, Chesty J., Silver Lake Nelson, Nels T.•Litchfield .R.6 .. 48 SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE

Nettleton, Earl H., Stockton Russell, Mary C., Madelia, R. 5 Newstrom, Marjorie, 934 14th Ave. S., Min- Rye, Esten, Minneota neapolis Samson, Arthur F., Motley Nicholson, Roy, Lynd Samuelson, Paul A., Lafayette Nickerson, Francis, Elk River Sandager, Karen, Tyler Norris, Bernard, Alfred, St. Francis Sandager, Katherine E., Belview Noyes, Benjamin L., 1912 Hillside Ave. N., Sargent, Cecil C., Red Wing, R. 3, Bolt 4 Minneapolis Sauck, Alfred F., Fairmont Nyqw",Oscar, Danube Schak, Ethel V., Hugo Oakley, Florence M., 1860 Carroll Ave., St. Schak, George B., Hugo Paul Schillinger, Emma M., Minneapolis, Sta. F., Oberson, Selmer, Wmby, Wis. R.2 O'Day, Richard S., Adrian Schrader, Edna C., Dundas Olson, Albert G., Elk River Schrepel, Oliver H., Le Sueur Olson. Albert J .• 1287 De Soto St., St. Paul Schroeder, John W.,Grand Meadow Olson, Albin J., Triumph Schwend, Leslie A., 1815 10th Ave. S., Minne- Olso';, Andrew, Brainerd apolis Olson, Eustis B., Ivanhoe Seath, Sidney B., Freeborn Olson, H. Robert, Hankinson, N. D. Sheldon, Lynn, Spring Valley Olson. Mary S., Sturgeon Lake Shelgren, Herbert, Murdock Ostrem, Oscar U.• Lanesboro Shol, Margaret D., 3531 10th Ave. S., Minne- Overholt, Lloyd F., 4318 Pillsbury Ave., apolis Minneapolis Shol, Vida D., 353110th Ave. S., Minneapolis Parsons, Ray D., Sanborn Sifford, Blake, La Salle Parten, Herbert, 2527 27th Ave. S., Min- Silverberg, Ralph G., 4759 Winthrop Ave., neapolis Chicago, Ill. Paulson, Alvin M., Sacred Heart Simonson, Anna E., Winthrop Peasley. Perl C., Mueppa, R. 3 Simpson, Grace E., 714 Monroe St. N. E., Pearson, Arthur. Madison Minneapolis Pederson, Agnes 0 .• 2425 18th Ave. S., Min Sjoholm, Lows N., Kennedy neapolis Skalbeck, Alma 0., Sacred Heart Peterreins, George E., Echo Sletta, Oscar, Madelia, R. 3 Petersen, Helen C.• 2724 Oakland Ave., Smith, Eldora L., 3329 Columbus Ave., Minne- Minneapolis apolis Peterson, Minnie M., R. 3., Sta. F., Min- Smith, Frank,St. Cloud neapolis Smith, Rowland W., Stillwater Platou, Carl. Y. M. C. A., St. Paul Smith, Roy A., Parkers Prairie Plowman, John W., Frazee Smoke, Guy E., Stockton Potter. Fern, Springfield Soderholm, Axel 0., Red Wing, R. 6 Quam, Albert S., Evansville Sorenson, Maren, Madison OW". Walter P .• Sta. F. R. 3, Minneapolis Southwick, Guy N., 4624 Cook St., Duluth Rankin, James W., Badger Spencer, May L., 2206 Dudley Ave., St. Paul Rathke, Herman F., Preston Stansfield, Ella M., Osseo Remold, Palma, Kenyon Starch, Edward J., Wm Concord Richardson, Margnerite H., 519 9th Ave. S. Stebbing, Mabel, Como & Cottage Sts., St. E., Minneapolis Paul Robb, Stuart W., 641 De Soto St., St. Paul Stebbing, Sherwood, Como & Cottage Sts., St. Robbins, Arlin M., Buchanan, N. D. Paul Robinson, Gregory G., 16u Capitol Ave., Storvick, Alert C., Albert Lea St. Paul Strand, Harold J., Lakeville Roeder, Arthur F., Stewartville Swanson, George, Deronda, Wis. Rohlik, Anthony, Seaforth Swanson, Paul, Pennock Romrand, Eline M., Granite Falls Swenson, Einer J., St. Peter Rose, Amanda, Kensington Synsteby, James R., Hanska Rose, Sophis B., Kensington Tande, Mathilda, St. James Ross, J. King, 432 W. 34th St., New York, Taylor, Bernice A., Cleveland & Otto Sts., N.Y. St. Paul Rosvold, Alfred L., Fergns Falls Temple, Lyle E.• Morristown Roth, Rona, Brownsville Teutz, Olga, Princeton Rowberg, Edwin S., Hanley Falls Tomhave, George A., Fergus Falls 1

I STUDENTS 49

Tovar, Augustine, Jr., Lima, Peru Venzke, Paul C., 1033 Churchill Ave., St. Paul Tromanhauser, Eleanor E.,2406 James Ave. Viker, Sevren P., Halstad N. Minneapolis VonLehe, Arthur R., Le Sueur Trump, Ellie A., Robbinsdale Voxland, Laura C., Kenyon Turner, Carl W., Bingham Lake Walsh, Thomas J., Murdock Turner, Ellen I., Bingham Lake Webb, Bernice M., Medford Tvedt, Chester G., Ada West, Jane, Turner, 1898 Selby Ave., St. Paul Utne, John A., Dalton Wickland, Agnes M., Cambridge Vail, Stanley L., Stewartville Wilcox, Florence T., 2122 Knapp St., St. Paul Vancura, Thomas, Lakefield Willis, Clara E., 2415 Gerard Ave. S., Min- Veitch, Vira V., 2101 Dudley Ave., St. Paul neapolis Veldy, Ella A., Hanley Falls Yampolsky, Abraham, 237 E. 68th St., New York, N. Y.

C CLASS-382

Aarness, Adolph M., Dalton Baumann, Robert F., Jasper Abrahamson, Anfred, Sunrise Beck, Bertha, Fessenden, N. D. Abrahamron, Regina, Hanley Falls Bell, Floyd A., Walnut Grove Achatz, Ruth I., Doon, Iowa Bell, Merle J., Walnut Grove Addison, Harry N., Lewiston Benson, Mertie L., Gibbon Akin, Jerome E., Farmington Berling, Gustaf A.. 521 Olive St., St. Paul Akin, Jesse D., Farmington Beyer, Mabel B., 1915 Selby Ave., St. Paul Almquist, Bertha C., Red Wing, R. 2 Blair, Millard F., Stockton Amley, Martin 0., Ellendale Blexrud, Gotthard, Spring Grove Amundgaard, Ivar, Argyle Bloom, Mabel E., Chisago City Amundsen, Tayah E., Strum, Wis., R. 2 Bolstad, Conrad, Dawson Anderson, Albert H., Maple Plain Bookless, Clarence E., St. Charles Anderson, Alfred, Dassel, R. 2 Boraas, Alvin M., Appleton Anderson, Arthur C., 2323 27th Ave. S., Borene, Vera, Afton Minneapolis Boyce, Martha, 923 Fairmont Ave., St. Paul Anderson, Arthur H., Montevideo Bratt, Amy M., 3447 Elliot Ave. S., Minne- Anderson, David F., Red Wing apolis Anderson, Edward 0., Freer Bray, Charles C., Hoveland Anderson, Elmer H., Braham Brill, Nettie, 823 16th Ave. S., Minneapolis Anderson, Elvin W., Hills Broin, George 0., Nerstrand Anderson,HanY,~neCuy Broin, Reuben A., Nerstrand Anderson, Henry 0., Benson Brown, Willey H., Stewartville Anderson, Huldah H., Forest Lake Brunschmid, William A., 4649 2nd Ave. S., Anderson, Karl W., 1306 9th St. S., Min- Minneapolis neapolis Brush, Annie B. R., Owatonna Andrews, Cecile M., White Bear Lake, R. 2, Brush, Leila B. R .. Owatonna Box 71 Brusse, Lucy, Baldwin, Wis. Archibald, Edgar 0., Deerwood Budd, Clinton C., 615 Elwood Ave., Minne- Arine, Clayton W., Carver apolis Armstrong, Helen K., Duluth Burg, Hiram A., Jasper Austin, Birdie A., 3653 5th Ave. S., Min Buster, Spencer R., Bard, Cal. neapolis Bye, Conrad C., Hastings Ayers, Edith M., Merriam Park, R. 3 Calkin, Ruth M., 1520 Como Ave. S. E., Bachmann, Frederick H., Lyndale &: 50th St. Minneapolis S., Minneapolis Campbell, Clinton E., Osseo Backus, Lucy L., 2556 Lyndale Ave. S., Min- Carleton, Edwin J., 1826 Portalnd Ave., neapolis Minneapolis Bahls, Benjamin J., St. Paul Park Carlson, Carl T., Dorris Bahls, George H., St. Paul Park Carlson, Signe J., Brookfield Bahls, Herbert H., St. Paul Park Carlson. William L., Grove City Baitinger, Edna M., Hutchinson Carter, Olive E., St. Louis Park Bates, Beatrice S., 3240 19th Ave. S., Min Carter, Ward P., 2243 Langford Ave., St. neapolis Paul 50 SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE

Chalfant, Lewis 0., Waltham Gannon, Anna P., 100 Malcom Ave., Minne- Chamberlain, Clarence, Hastings apolis Chapman, Carl S., Westbrook Gannon, Frank E., 100 Malcom Ave., Minne- Chapman, Ida M., Echo, R. 1 aplois Christenson, Henry N., Elbow Lake Gardner, Glenna G., 1900 Dupont Ave. S., Clark, Edward G., St. Paul Park Minneapolis Clark, Roy E., Eden Prairie Gibson, John W., Beaver Creek Comlossy, George L., Toledo, Ohio Gilbertson, Bernard r., Utica Conley, Alonzo D., Cannon Fans Glotfelter, George R., Waterville Cooke, Earl L., 3222 9th Ave. S., Minneapolis Goebel, Esther H., St. Paul Park Cooley, John E., Alexandria Goodspeed, Margaret, Waseca Coulter, Clarence J., Manory Goppelt, Clarence, R. I, Box 129, South St. Coulter, Francis V., Manory Paul Current, Panl R, R. 2, Sleepy Eye Gordon, Ethel C., 764 Como Blvd., St. Paul Dahlman, Henry A., Rochester Grove, Minnie, Zumbrota Dalager, Cora, Glenwood Grove, Myrtle H., 1398 Breda St., St. Paul Daly, John P., Rochester Gumbel, Karl S., 627 Grand Ave., St. Paul Davenport, Helen, Honoway Haaland, Norman, Hanley Fans Davidsen, Myrtle C., Bradley St. Sta., St. Hadler, Albert Eoo Ada Paul Hagseth, Palmer, Skyberg Dibble, Winard A., Cannon Falls Hahn, Henry F., Dwight, Ill. Dibble, Willis E., Cannon Fans Hain, Agnes, 920 14th Ave. S., Minneapolis Dittbenner, Charles J., Hugo, R. 1. Box 83 Hammargren, Waldo F., North Branch Drake, William I., Blue Earth Hansen, Anna B., Sauk Center Dunn, Alex R., Lakevi1le Hansen, Bertha M., Forest Lake Dunn, Ralph F., Elk River Hanson, Elvin L., Atwater, R 6 Eastby, Paul S., 2527 2nd Ave. S., Min- Hanson, Evangeline, Big Lake neapolis Hanson, Herman M., Murdock, R. 3 Easton, Edwin C., Blooming Prairie Hanson, Lilly C., 1804 Crystal Lake Ave. N., Ecklund, Lillian A., R. 2, Atwater Minneapolis Egan, Helen, 710 Lincoln Ave., St. Paul Hanson, Minnie J., Murdock, R. 3 Eidahl, Anton G., Fergus Fans, R. 7 Harrison, Charles J., Sta. F., R. 1, Minneapolis Ekelund, Carl F., Hopkins Harrison, Harold, LeRoy Ekelund, Ethel F., R. 2, Hopkins Hatfield, Wilbert M., Dundas Ellis" Ina, 426 Wheeler Ave., Sr. Paul Haugen, Arthur H., Murdock Elwell, Laurence R., 945 14th Ave. S. E., HaUgen, John G., Dennison Minneapolis Hawkins, Wayne, 1887 Carroll St., St. Paul Emerson, Hannah A., West Concord Hays, Myron E., Drummond, Md. Erickson, Esther 0., Litchfield, R. 4 Heckler, Alfred H., Woodstock, Ill. Erickson, Walter A., Belle Plaine He1lie, Clifford Goo Hills Erlandson, Ruth A., Maynard Hendrickson, Anton E., Lamberton Falk, Arthur A., Backus Hennum, Arthur, Wanamingo Falkenhagen, Walter Moo Montevideo Hesse, Otto H., R. 5, Le Sueur Farnham, Marion L., Brickton Hilden, Alfred A., Watson Farnsworth, Frank N., Watervi1le, Ohio Hill, Jay C., Granada Ferodowi1l, Beatrice L., Wayzata Hilts, Percy A., Hector Fink, Paul J. D., Waconia Hoi, Clinton A., Tenney Fischer, Arthur P., 1033 Sims St., St. Paul Holm, Mabel C., 2719 16th Ave. S., Minne- Flaten Severina, Cyrus apolis Fleming, Jesse L., Garden City Holmes, Arnold I., 468 Lynhurst Ave., St. Fossom, Dora A., 510 James Ave. N., Min- Paul neapolis Holzheid, William, White Bear Fox, Wallace R., 2411 E. 42nd St., Minne- Hortvet, Esther S., 45 Barton Ave. S. E., apolis Minneapolis Franz, Jacob M., Mountain Lake Houck, Laurence D., Corona Frederiksen, Christen, Windom Houle, Harry J., Forest Lake Purnell, Louis D., 800 Raymond Ave., St. Hoverstein, Albert, Jewell, Iowa Paul Howe, Mattie K., Robbinsdale Gable, Frances S., 15 Seymour Ave., S. E., Huntsinger, Fred R, R. 2, Eau Claire, Wis. Minneapolis Huseby, Louis A., Adams STUDENTS 51

Ingberg, William, Hendrum Lundeen, Esther, 3301 29th Ave., S., Minne- Jacobson, Wilhelmina, R. 2, Isanti apolis Jaeche, Alfred F., 2958 Queen Ave. N., Min- McClintock, Elmer A., Morton neapolis McCurdy, James J., Madelia Jameson, Sarah M., 1812 Selby Ave., St. Paul McKeen, Frederick G., 2712 Elliott Ave. Janzen, Abram, Mountain Lake Minneapolis Jensen, Carl C., Rochester McNary, Charles E., Kellogg Johnson, Albert S., Hector McNelly, Irving, B., Caledonia, R. Johnson, Anna M., Hawley Madsen, Alma, Hutchinson Johnson, Bertie, Afton Mariska, Cyril, Morristown Johnson, C. Elmer, Center City, R. 1 Marshall, Ray A., 1024 16th Ave. S. E., Min- Johnson, Earl M., Gibbon neapolis Johnson, Edmund E., 1093 E. Minnehahl\St., Marshall, Robert L., Sebeka. R. I, Box 114 St. Paul Marzolf, Marie Moo 24 W. 10th St., St. Paul Johnson, Elmo R., Luverne, R. I, Box 5 Mather, Milton G., Faribault, R. 3 Johnson, Florence S., 1075 Front St., St. Paul Mattice, Wallace M., Bloomington Johnson, L. Burdick, Willmar Melin, John, Harris Johnson, Mabel L., 591 Olive St., St. Paul Meyer, Paul, Caledonia Johnson, Peter a., Bird Island Meyers, Mabel D., 648 Grand Ave., St. Paul Johnson, Roy F., Afton Miller, Helen Loo 670 E. 5th St., St. Paul Johnson, Walfred C., Benson Mingaye, Robert H., 761 Osceola Ave., St. Jones, Mildred P.,4350 Eaton Place, Edina Paul Mills Mitchell, George A., Brooten, R. 4 Jorstad, Oscar E., Kenyon Monroe, Ray C., Sauk Center Josewitch, Florence, 2505 Chicago Ave., Montgomery, John, Austin, R. 4 Minneapolis Montgomery, Lyell R., Weaver Jumer, Albert, Pine City More, Floyd E., Blue Earth Kehr, Lena L., 2601 Garfield Ave. S., Min- Morseth, Oscar Eoo Appleton neapolis Mortenson, Ellen H., Correll Kenly, Marion G., 3418 Park Ave., Min- Moulton, Freda, 3136 Fremont Ave. S., Min- neapolis neapolis Kiichli, EarlJ.,91615thAve. N., Minneapolis Mumm, Carrie, H., Herman Kinneberg, Otto, Gladiola Munro, Kathryn C., 91 Kent St., St. Paul Kjolstad, Christopher C., Hanska Murphy, Blanche, Grand Marais Kltnkenberg, Eugene W., 54th St. & 2nd Ave. Murphy, Clarence R., Lakefield S., Minneapohs Murphy, Laura G., Edina Mills, Sta. F., R. 2 Kloster, Ella, 3018 Findley Place, Minneapolis Nelson, Hilda, Winthrop, Box 217 KraIt, Clarence B., Farmington Nelson, Hulda Beata, Evansville Kreiser, Ruth M., Hamel Nelson, Johanna C.. Wood Lake Kvittem, Anna R., Kenyon Nelson, John P., Springfield Larson, Anna T. S., Willmar, R. Nelson, Selma L., Brookfield, R. 2 Larson, C. August, Amboy Ness, Edwin, Lanesboro Larson, J. Alvin, Amboy Ness, Olga, 2329 9th St. S., Minneapolis Laughlin, Rector G., Fridley Nonweiler, Helen D., 4116 Queen Ave., S., Lauve, Helen M., Hazel Run Minneapolis LeCount, Ray H., Villard, R. I 'Norling, Frederick W., Svea Lehmann, Ernestine W., Doyle Norris, LeRoy P., Anoka, R. I Leitze, Herman, Stillwater, R. 4 O'Connell, Hubert, Goodhue Lenander, Norme R., Buffalo Lake Oftedahl, John, Hanley Falls Lende, Corellan, H., Cottonwood Ogren, Oliva H., 903 N. 4th St., Stillwater Leyh, John H.,. Bertha Ohland, Edward J., Gibbon Lien, Clarence T., Battle Lake, R.' 3 Oliver, Earl D., Amboy Lien, Paul B., Madelia Olson, Clarence G., Westby, Wis., R. 2, Box 74 Lind, Alfred J., Winthrop Olson, Hannah C., Sturgeon Lake Lindberg, Henry G., Kennedy Olson, Moritz, 735 Geranium St., St. Paul Lindstrom, Walter B., Russell Olson, Olive H., Gibbon Linton, Edward M., 1045 Everett Court, St. O'Neill, Ernest B., Thiel River Falls Paul Onkka, William E., Cokato Long, Lloyd L., Hugo Opdahl, David, Alden Lovene, Hazel M., 984 Bayless Ave., St. Paul Oppegard, Theolyn, Sacred Heart 52 SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE

Osborne, Walter F., 2927 Newton Ave. N •• Simpson, Charles W., 714 Monroe St. N. E., Minneapolis Minneapolis Owen, Glenn P., 2702 Aldrich Ave. S., Min- Sletta, Anna M., Madelia neapolis Smith, Alice M., Robbinsdale Parker, C. Fenton, Sauk Center Smith, Eugene M., 619 13th Ave. S. E., Minne- Pauley, Hubert, St. Bonifacius apolis Pearson, Agnes A. C., 1382 Langford Ave., Sogge, Tilda, Jackson St. Paul Somerville, Noel F., Rochester, R. 5 Peters, William R., Janesville Sommers, Herbert C., Northfield Peterson, Charles P.,Blooming Prairie Stauffer, Martha C., 2614 Lincoln St. N. E., Peterson, Nellie C., Blooming Prairie Minneapolis Peterson, Palmer G., Ashby Steen, Jennie W., Walnut Grove Peterson, Selma S., White Bear Stevenson, Sarah, Wasioja Peterson, Walter N., Shafer, R. 1 Strand, Francis A., Benson, R. 4 Pettit. Everett E., 18 S. 11th St., Minne- Swanson, CarlO., Red Lake Falls apolis Swennes, Olaf 0., Minneota Peyton, Reynolds C., Grand Meadow Swenson, Florence A., Kenyon Polivka, Frederick J., Willow River Swenson, Frank E., Copas Pond, George A.. Shakopee Synsteby, Alma E., Hanska Potter Julia V., Triumph Tande, Emil J., St. James Purmort, Louise, Cedar, R. 2 Teisberg, Morten H., Ashby Purmort, Reith, Cedar, R. 2 Thompson, Alice F., Badger Quinnell, Arnold L., Caledonia Thor, Axel, L., Eagle Bend Rankin, Edwin S., Middle River Thormodson, Clyda H., Hanska Rankin, Robert, Badger Thorpe, Evelyn B., 1015 McLean Ave., St. Rice, Harry J., Afton Paul Rickenbrode, Mary A., 997 Lincoln Ave., St. Throndrud ,Ida G., Dawson Paul Townsend, Sylvia A., 2409 Taylor St. N. E., Robinson, Berton B., 1644 Capitol Ave., St. Minneapolis Paul Trovatten, Otto 0., Hanley Falls Robinson, Madge, L.• Preston, Mont. Tumacliffe, Beulah V., Waseca, R. 1 Roble, Alma C., Caledonia Vanstrum, Hazel V., 325 8th St. S. E., Minne- Rood, Mabel, 1820 15th Ave. S., Minneapolis apolis Rose, Edward A., Kensington Varnum, Harry J., South St. Paul Rotto, Joseph C., Farewell Vassar, Mary G., 334 Rondo St., St. Paul Rowe, Burton, Sauk Center Vessey, John W., Sta. F., R. 4, Minneapolis Rude, Iver, Perley Vickers, Henry C., Detroit Rugg, Herbert A., Backus Viger, Ned, Dalton Russell, George B., Atwater, Box 163 Viker, Cora, Halstad St. Martin, Charles E., Sta. F., R. 4, Min Vinicky, Frank P., Revere neapolis Viste, Louis B.. Hills Sahlstrom, Janet E., ,3125 Oakland Ave., Wanquist, Walter W., Cologne Minneapolis Weidemann. Auroral Belview Schacht, Ruby E., Merriam Park, R. 3 Wells, Hazel M., Rush City Schaetzel, Odessa, 56 Orlin Ave. S. E., Min- Whitten, Priscilla N., Hayward, Wis. neapolis , Wieland, Wesley H., Bertha Schmidt, Alois H., Hugo Wieneke, Emma W., Amiret Schroeder, Armin E., Grand Meadow Willoughby, Ida Mae, 1429 6th St. S. E., Schryver, Erma M., 900 30th Ave. N., Min- Minneapolis neapolis Wilsie, Ethel H., Grand Meadow Searing, Genevieve F., 675 Portland Ave., St. W'1IlI1, Helen M., Redwood Falls Paul Winn, Herbert A., Redwood Falls Sedlund, Ludwig E., Sunrise, Box 35 Wunderlich, Harold A., 781 Portland Ave., Sefcik, Frank. Lonsdale, R. 1 St. Paul Shellum. Agnes E., Hanska. R. 3 Zechlin, Leonard, 2829 Washington Ave. N., Short, Walter A., Granada Minneapolis Siemer, Anna D., Moose Lake Zimmerman, Albert A., Le Sueur Center Simms, Leigh A., 1085 14th Ave. S. E., Min Zinschlag, Edward F., Lake Elmo neapolis Zuercher, Albert J .• Excelsior STUDENTS 53

DAIRY SCHOOL-96

Aalid, Thomas A., Emmons Lundgren, Harry, Gibbon Akerson, Martin, Akerson Leiter, John, Holdingford Anderson, Henry, Milaca, R. I, Box 80 Laudon, Albert G., Dover Anderson, Selmar, New Richland Luebke, John C., Waconia Anderson, Joseph F., Garfield Lehmberg, Fred, J., Hutchinson Anderson, Peter L., Holt Linander, Harry, Richardson, Wis. Anderson, Andrew J., Otisco Leyfold, Ole M., Clarissa Anderson, Sever, Fore$t City, Iowa Lundberg, John, Brooks Arlt, William, Glencoe Molmen, Ole, Wadena Bohks, Henry J., St. Charles Meyers, Mike, Owatonna Barhaug, Otto G., Milaca, Box 432 Martinson, Oscar, Burtrum Blake, Peter F., Pierz, R. t Mieseler, George, Cologne Bulkeley, F. L., Greene, Iowa Moe, Edward, Barrett Bjorge, Alvin 0., Beldenville, Wis. Markus, Frank, Wahpeton, N. D. Bartness, Arthur C., Hartland, R. 2 Mischke, August, Thielman Berg, Harvey G., Minneapolis Nogel, William P., New Olm Crum, Howard T., McKenzie, N. D. Nelson, John G., Olivia Clilfgard, Arnie, Sisseton, S. D. Nelson, Carl A., Wood Lake Carlson, Carl W., Rock Creek Norberg, Andrew, Cokato Christenson, AHred, Albert Lea Olson, Arthur R .. Cokato Clark, Benhard, Clear Lake Olson, Julius E., Rice Lake, Wis. Carlson, Jens P., Ellendale Olson, Charles R.. Ellendale Erickson, Roy H., St. Peter Oman, Emil G., Little Falls Evans, Thomas, New London, R. 1 Oman, Castrus, Atwater Forsberg, Delphin A., Farewell Peterson, Oscar C., St. Hilaire Giles, C. J., Holland Peterson, Edwin, Hallock. Goellong, L. J., Erhard Peterson, George W., Chisago City, Box 86 Gross, Stephen J., Pierz Peterson, Otto H., Chisago City Goltz, Adam, Gilman Prange, Herman, Wells Hansen, Helmer P., Hartland Reinke, Frank, New Salem, N. D. Herrell, Dudley, Augusta, Wis. Rose, Oliver, Princeton Hair, Leon B., Byron Roberts, Jesse T .• Annandale Hullstrand. Oscar B., Parkers Prairie Rusley, Sever, Lake Mills. Iowa Hanson. Clarence. Berner Stamnes, Oscar, Newfolden Hansen, John, Albert Lea, R. 2., Box 84 Skoglund, Gust, Eagle Bend Imsdahl. Harold. Brooten, R. 3 Shaw, Samuel S.. Princeton Irey, George F .• Erhard Schultz, Fred, Bertha Johnson, Clarence L., Clayton, Wis., R. 2. Swanberg, Andrew J., Grantsburg, Wis. Box 122 Stratton, George, Good Thunder Jones, William L., 203 W.5th St.. St. Paul Schlosser, Frank C., Carlos, Box 73 R. 2 Jensen, Hans J., Nelson Stenberg, Hilmer L., Minneapolis, 2717 Penn. Johnson, Clarence C., New Richland Ave. N. Johnsen, John, Evan Vigen. John, Marietta Janning, Herman, Pierz Wass, Gunnar. Lancaster Knutson, Abraham, Santiago Willie, Frank, Battle Lake Kristolferson, Hans, Brandan Wennberg, O. A.• Clearbrook Kuhnley, Charley H., 322 Central Ave.• Wenzel, William C., Eitzen Minneapolis Wittnebel, Richard, Garfield Livingston, Russell A., St. Peter Weis, Donald C.. Pine Island Zierke, Charles 0., Glencoe

FARMERS' SHORT COURSE-127

Ahlman, Gustave, Morristown Anderson, William 1., Belgrade Allickson, Allick, Montivedo Barnard, Charles D., 2532 Chicago Ave., Alsaker, Clarence, Benson Minneapolis Anderson, James A.• 1221 W. 33rd St. Min Beaven, Arthur H., 2435 Harriet Ave., Minne neapolis apolis 54 SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE

Boese, Arthur, Atwater Lockerby, Mrs. W. E., 510 12th Ave. S. E., Boland, Andrew, Elk Mound, Wis. Minneapolis Brown, John J., Madison Lake Loftness, Gregor, Hector Burtman, Edward A., Lester Prairie Long, Charles, L. 1929 Kenwood Parkway, Campbell, Dennis E., Winsted Minneapolis Cochrane, R. L., Little Falls Longfellow, Albert R., Little Falls Cochrane, Mrs. R. L., Little Falls Loutmen, Lothard, Maddock, N. D. Colbjorson, Henry, Rushford, R. 3 Low, Charles, Crookston Cole, Mrs. Janet M., Fort Pierre, S. D. McConnell, Mrs. Cora, Griswold, Iowa Crawford, Charles A., 2409 5th Ave. 5., Min- McDuffee, Herbert, 2540 3rd Ave. 5., Minne- neapolis . apolis Dahlman, Eben D., Grandy McNeill, WaIter D., Delavan Davis, Isaac, Amiret Maher, William, South St. Paul DeLong, Scott H., 1139 Johnson St. N. E., Melligan, Edwin, Walnut Grove Minneapolis Melligan, John, Walnut Grove Derby, George E., 820 9th Ave. S. E., Min- Miller, Joseph, Center City neapolis Mitchell, Moses, Ruthton Duncanson, Charles L., Stewartville Molkenbur, Arthur, Inver Grove Enander, Paul, Pennock Nelson, Robert, Tracy Engelman, Herman, Correll Nelson, Victor C., Grove City, R. 3 Erickson, Erick, B., Pelican Rapids Neutson, Earl, 3037 S. Fremont Ave., Minne- Fabian, Arthur E., Campbell apolis Filskov, Peter N., Roseau Olsen, Hulbert, 551 Westminster St., St. Paul Fois, Robert 5., St. Bonifacius Olson, John N., Walnut Grove Gallagher, George, Waseca Olson, Oscar, Tracy Gammalson, Matthew, Battle Lake Olson, Simon, Waterville Gerhardt, Harvey N., Odessa Pagenkopf, Anton, Mapleton Gongoll, Clarence .A., Mayer Peterson, Alfred, Erhards Gruenhagen, Henry Jr., Glencoe Peterson, Henry, Ruthton Gudmundson, Julius, Ivanhoe Peterson, Knute, Osseo, R. 6 Haag, Charles Jr., Eden Valley Randall, John R., 116 Oak Grove St., Minne- Hanson, Chester, Dalton apolis Hatledal, Richard, Benson Ranney, Harold F., Benson Hecht, Charles, Alpha Rasmussen, Christian, Garland Hicks, Tracy M., Tracy Reese, John, Clarkfield Highmark, Joseph, Proctor, Box 66 Reimhardt, Arthur, Waseca Hoefer, Alfred, Gibbon Reimhardt, Elmer, Waseca Hoehm, Fred, Princeton Reins, Walter, Ruthton IJstrup, Leif T., Wright Roberts, James R., 3309 Harriet Ave., Minne Ingalls, Boyd, Newport apolis Jansen, John Jr., Milbank, S. D. Robinson, C. W., 1644 Capitol Ave., St. Paul Johnson, Alvin, New York Mills Rollins, J. F., 1002 Como Ave. S. E., Minne- Johnson, Arthur A., Carver apolis Johnson, David E., Madison Lake Rossa, Frank, Roberts, Wis. Johnson, Francis, Carver Ruble, Albert, Albert Lea Johnson, Harry L. L., 2715 Lyndale Ave. N. Ruebke, Benjamin A., Ada Minneapolis Schoeppler, Harvey F., New Germany Johnson, Joseph, Fridley Schreiber, Bert, 1429 Marshall St. N. E., Jurisch, Reynolds G., Hastings Minneapolis Smith, Peter, Jr., Ferris Kaemmer, Bert, Albert Lea Smith, Randall W., 2447 Colfax Ave. S., Kajer, Stanley, New Prague Minneapolis Kohls, Charles, Rosemount Smith,' Mrs. R. W., 2447 Colfax Ave. S., Kramer, Edward, Gibbon Minneapolis Krampe, Elmer, Clinton Stake, David M., Grandy Kranz, Henry C., Nicollet Stake, Philip, Grandy Langan, Matthew, Danvers Stendal, Astor M., Brainerd Larson, Simon, Pipestone Stendal, Rudolph A., Brainerd Leedstrom, Edward A., Hastings Sterritt, Mrs. J. F., 1514 Freemont Ave. N. Lilienthal, Ferdinand, Glencoe Minneapolis STUDENTS S5

Stockman, Edward, Plato Tomhave, John C., Fergus Falls Stolpestad, Oscar, Fosston Trafton, Gilbert H., Mankato Strandness, George, Glenwood Truedson, Albert, Walnut Grove Streich, Robert E. C., Howard Lake Waller, Francis, Stacy Tanton, Alfred R., Champlin Weigelt, Paul, Mapleton Thelen, Harry A., Cold Springs West, Hal. R., Blakeley Thompson, Edwin H., Wayzata Westberg, Leonard, Warren Tighe, Laurence G., 314 Dayton Ave., St. Wenz, Frank, Osseo Paul JUNIOR SHORT COURSE-310 Abrahamson, Olaf C., Princeton Dahners, Mary, Merriam Park, R. 3 Alland, Emma, Waseca Davis, Laurel, Elk River Alland, Esther, Waseca Day, John M. V., Jr., Lake Elmo Almquist, Aurora E., Chisago City Derby, Walter C., Mantorville Altenweg, Clement, Anoka Des Lauriers, Earl, Merriam Park Altnow, Gustaf W. H., Arlington Dobberstein, Henry F., Buffalo Lake Anderson, Carl A., Hutchinson Donlin, Marcella, Excelsior Anderson, Floyd V., Hutchinson Dorsey, Edward, Pillager Anderson, Harold F., Hutcbinson Doyle, Joseph, Rosemount Anderson, Wilhelm, Red Wing, R. 6 Doyle, Rose L., Goodhue Angstman, Forrest, Zimmerman Dunn, Hollis, Long Lake Ayers, Charles, Merriam Park, R. 3, Box 88 Dunn, Morey, Long Lake Ayers, Frank. Merriam Park, R. 3, Box 88 Eastman, Ambrose A. C., Merriam Park Ayers, Myrtle, Merriam Park, R. 3, Box 88 Eastman, Josephine A., Merriam Park Bagley, Blanche, Blooming Prairie Eastman, May B., Merriam Park Bagley, Maude, Blooming Prairie Effertz, Fred, Norwood Bailey, A. C., Elk River Einum, Clara, White Bear Bartling, Emma, Brainerd Ekman, Gertrude, New Brighton, R. 2 Baker, Fay, Excelsior Elsner, Erich, Princeton Berglund, Adele, Maple Plain, R. 2 Emery, Emmett, Champlin Berglund, Astrid, Belle Plaine Engbretson, Anna, Waseca Beck, William E., Brownsdale Engelen, Jerry R., Cologne Biersdorf, Oscar, St. Bonifacius Engstrom, Edward, Elk River Biery, Lonnie, Mantorville Enright, Winnifred, Rose Creek Blair, John E., Princeton Erickson, Myrtle D., Goodhue Blair, Vernon L., Princeton Erickson, Viola J., Excelsior Block, Myrtle, Mayer Evans, Willis, Osseo Bohlman, John, Hamberg Fabel, Margaret, Norwood Bowman, Claude, Merriam Park Fanslow, Elmer, Red Wing 'Boyle, James, Gaylord Farnham, Harold L., Brickton Briggs, Maude J" 1502 Summit Ave., Min- Felker, Marguerite J., Excelsior neapolis Fiegel, Elmer F., Kasson Brooks, Kendrick, Eureka Field, Danforth, 1532 Spruce Place, Brown, Chester, Osseo Minneapolis Brown, Helen, Osseo Fischer, Charles, Gladstone Buchanan, Rollin E., Excelsior Flom, Alfred P" Dennison Butterfield, Gertrude, Long Lake .Flom, Clarence, Dennison Carlin, Ella, St. Cloud Fowler, Clara V., Osseo Carlson, Carl, Taylors Falls Froemming, Alfred, Hutchinson Carlson, Elvira, Mille Lacs Gantzer, Wilfred, Merriam Park, R. 3, Box 811 Carlson, Emil T., Mille Lacs Geppert, Elmer C, Millville Carlson, M. Frances, Chisago City Gilbert, Clara, Lake City Carroll, Harold J., Brownsdale Gilbert, Silas C., Lake City Chalfant, Shirley, Waltham Grams, Alice R., Hutchinson Chambers, Ernest, Big Lake, R. Greenberg, Earl N., Hutchinson Christensen, Victor, St. Francis Grems, Vicella, Dodge Center Christgan, Anetta M., Dexter Grimm, John 0" Waconia Conroy, Helen, Anoka Grow, Lawrence H., Princeton Co:<, Michael C., Kellogg, R. 2 Grow, Neil P., Princeton 56 SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE

Gulby, Ernest A., Zimmerman Lilleskov, Oscar, Stanton Hall, Ethel, Hutchinson Lindert, Herbert, Norwood' Halvorson, Oscar, Georgeville Lindstrom, John, Lindstrom Hamilton, Laura M., Lake Elmo Linehan, Tressa, Waseca Hansen, Henius R.. Hutchinson Livingston, George A., Excelsior Hanson, Harry, Santiago Loudon, William, Excelsior Hanson, Nettie C., Dennison Loven, Elizabeth, Cannon Falls Harrison, James L., Excelsior Loven, Minnie S., Cannon Falls Hartlieb, Edward, Merriam Park, Box 61, R. 3 Ludvigson, Theodore, Truman Hasselquist, Harry, Sunrise Lundberg, Floyd R., Maple Plain Hauck, Ernest, Lake Elmo Lynch, Leander, Alma City Haugen, Irwin B., Goodhue McClymont, Ruth, Excelsior Hawlik, Henry I. W., Silver Lake McFarlane, Gordon, Alma City Heath, Harold E., Janesville McPadden, William M., Waconia Heinbocker, Charles C., Norwood Madden, Genevieve, Waseca Hinrichs, Arnold F. J., Red Wing Madden, Sylvester, Waseca Hill, Harland, Elk River Maughan, Harriet F., Excelsior Hoeffken, Fred, Waconia Manuel, Hale, 1731 Marshall Ave., St. Paul Hoese, Arthur, Mayer Mau, George, Truman Homander, Gunnar, Princeton Mayer, Katherine I., Merriam Park Hoffman, Henry, White Bear Mayer, Thomas E., Merriam Park Hogan, Elizabeth, Merriam Park, R. 3 Metelak, Katherine E., Brownton Hogan, Thomas J., Jr., Merriam Park, R. 3 Metelak, Martha J., Stewart Holbrook, Howard A., Brownsdale Meyer, Clarence, Goodhue Holm, Edwin, Sunrise Meyer, Hazel C., Lake Elmo Hurtt, Louise, Zimmerman Meyer, Lorena, Goodhue Ickier, Elva, North St. Paul Meyer, Serena, Lake City Iliff, Lyle, Zimmerman Meyer, Serenus, Lake City Iliff, Myrtle, Zimmerman Mielke, Robert, Young America Jacobson, Andrew, Lyle Miller, Harry, Osseo Jackson, Alma G., Waseca Miller, Selma, Osseo Jaenicke, Herbert Ed., Princeton Moline, Ruth, Excelsior Johnson, Alfred J., Hutchinson, Box 176 Murray, Russell, Brainerd Johnson, Ole, Princeton Nellermoe, Platt M., Buffalo Lake Jones, Murray, Mazeppa Nelson, Earl E., Hayfield Jangquist Marie, Maple Plain, R. 3 Nelson, Louis, Brainerd Jorgensen, Sophia, Ormsby Nielsen, Lenora, Merriam Park Kennedy, Charles D., Zumbro Falls Nielsen, Leonard, Merriam Park. R. 3, Box Kenyon, Marion G., Osseo 116 Kern, Elizabeth, Brainerd Nystrom, Elvira, Big Lake Klein, Ernest, Kellogg Nystrom, Harry W., Big Lake Klein, Ralph M., KellOgg Odegard, Own, Santiago Kloth, Adelaide, Norwood Odland, Paul, Lake Elmo Knutson, Martha, Hutchinson Oestreich, Christ, Hutchinson Kohler, Clement, Norwood Olmstead, Eugene, Excelsior Kunde, Edward, Goodhue Olson, Edward A., Maple Plain Kusske, Clara, Mayer Olson, Sidney M., Hutchinson Laurence, A. F., Norwood O'Reilly, Agnes, Goodhue Lamb, Chester, Mazeppa O'Reilly, Eleanor, Goodhue Lamb, Gertrude, Mazeppa Oswald, Theodore J •• Osseo, R. 4 Lamport. Leonard, Brownsdale Otterness, Arthur H., Denmson Lally, Marie, Cannon Palls Pagel, Fred, Buffalo Lake Lapham, Grant, Caledonia Palmer, James, Excelsior Larson, Annie, Brainerd, R. 2 Patten, Edith, Long Lake Larson, Emily, 3121 17th Ave. S., Minne- Peterson, August, Chiaago City apolis Peterson, Bertha, Hutchinson Larson, Frederick, Brainerd, R. 2 Peterson, Carl A., Anoka Leng, Leo, Truman Peterson, Eli, Truman Leng, Selma, Truman Peterson, Harry, Clear Lake Lavik, Ella. Truman Petrick, Henry, Appleton STUDENTS 57

Phillips, William, Lake City, R. 3 Smith, Robert, Norwood Plein, Elvin P., Smithfield Smith, Ruth, Excelsior Plein, Ralph J., Plainview Sobeslavsky, Mary, Hutchinson Podlasek, Mary, New Brighton Spilker, Fred, Anoka Poole, Gladys, Truman Steele, Myrtle A. L., Merriam Park Poole, Lois, Truman Stoddart, Harold, North St. Paul, R. 1 Poole, William, Truman Stoddart, Hugh. North St. Paul, R. 1 Powers, Ethel, Excelsior Steller, Carl, Excelsior Raether, Frank, St. Bonifacius Steller, Roy, Excelsior Rank, Olive M., Lansing Sund. Archie, Elk River Rasmussen, Esther M., Merriam Park Sundeen, Joseph, St. Francis Reilly, William, Goodhue Sundeen, Paul E., St. Francis Reimringer, Joseph, Merriam Park, R. 3, Swan, Florence, Stewart Box 87 Swanson, Edwin, Anoka Reinking, Louis W., Osseo, R. 4 Swanson, Ray L., Becker Rietman, Benjamin, Red Wing Teig, JulIa. Truman Riley. Edward J., Goodhue Thede, Hattie, Claremont Roberts, Amy R., Osseo Thomas, Martha E .. 943 Forest St.. St. Paul Roberts, Leon, Osseo Thompson, Selmer E., Lansing Robideau, Ralph F., Princeton Torkelson, Inger 0., Excelsior RObideau, Real, Princeton Trumble, Julius G•• Excellior Rocheford, Albert L" Princeton Trunk, WUliam A•• Princeton Roninngen, Mabel G., Wanamingo Truwe, Clarence W., Waconia Rose, Delbert, New Brighton Truwe, George, Young America Rose, Nettie, Excellior Truwe, Laura, Hamberg Rosenwald, Oswald, Norwood Tryon, Elizabeth, G., 2115 Gerard Ave. Soo Ross, Helen, Maple Plain, R, 3 Minneapolis Sauasele, Leslie R., Osseo Uglem, Oscar. Princeton Schacht. Mabel O. G., Merriam Park Urhack. Kate. Excelsior Schacht, Raymond, Merriam Park, R. 3, Valker, Raymond, Hutchinson, R. 3 Box 91 Vangen, Iver, Cannon Falls Schafer, Elmer L., Lake City Vogler, Fred, Young America Scharber, Otto ]., Rogers Wanous, Reuben, Silver Lake Scheel, Edward A. H., Stillwater Warnberg, Selma D., Rush City Schennemann, Minnie, WhIte Bear Warrington, Ralph A., Austin Schiltgen, Clara, North St. Paul Wehking, George, Buffalo Lake Schimmelpfenmg, Bruno, Norwood Weise, Ezra, Matawan Schlasner, Clarence C., Mazeppa Weise, Wesley, Matawan Schlegel, Gustav C., Osseo Welch, Blanche, Hutchinson Schmidt, Edwin V., Buffalo Lake Welch, Tressa, Hutchinson Scholer, Robert A., Zumbro Falls White, Emery M., Maple Plain Sellman, Hjalmer, Sunrise Wienholz, Alfreda M., Excelstor Sidnam, Vernon F., Long Lake Wilson, Murray M., Excelsior SIefert, Edward, Mazeppa Wituski, Frank, Stlver Lake Sjostedt, Meldon, 715 2nd Ave. S. E., Minne-Wold, Alma S., Blooming Prairie apolis Wnght, George. Mazeppa Sjostedt, Ruiz, 715 2nd Ave. S. E., Minne-Zipf, Frederick G., Hutchinson apolia Zuercher, Ruth, Excelsior Slawson, Raymond A., Kellogg Zumach, Earl, Hutchinson Smart, Lillie, Zimmerman Zumherge, Edwin F., Norwood Zumberge, Herbert, Norwood

TRACTION ENGINEER&-38

Ahlberg, John fl., Sebeka Buhler, Ernest 0., St. Anthony Park Anderson, Arthur W., Dassel Coughlan, Richard J., Austin Anderson, Vernon, Vesta Decker, Leonard R., 305 Water St.. Austin Benson, Arthur G., 1054 W. Central, St. Paul Falconer, George B., 813 Oak St., Brainerd 58 SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE

Pelling, Alfred A., Browns Valley Olesen, Nels S., Luck, Wis. Polsom, Edgar P., 401 7th St. S. E., Minne- Olson, Ole K.. Benson apolis Patterson, Clarence D., Cloquet Gaumnitz, Pred, 103116th Ave. S. E., Mm- Paulson, Paul A.. 3409 Pillsbury Ave., Minne- neapolis apolis Halverson, Alfred M., Marengo, Iowa Pearson, Perry, Monterey Hample, Paul G., Oakes, N. D. Russell, James H., Waterville, Iowa HardIe, Robert A., Vesta Stephenson, John E., 2724 Oakland Ave., Kjeldergaard, Erick 0., Pairfax Minneapolis Krause, William C., Summit, S. D. Strand, Oscar W., Benson Kunze, George, Sleepy Eye Sutter, Charles J., Wadena Lafky, Walter H., Wilson Tomandel. James J., Stangelville, Wis. Lang, Harvey A., Lake City Trano, George H., Zumbrota, R. 5 Leversee, John U., 1057 13th Ave. S. E., Min- Tuttle, Robert H., 4650 Premont Ave. S., neapolis Minneapolis Mahlum, Bert A., Brainerd Werner, John, Long Prairie Matson, Emil, Willmar Westbloom, Andrew Jr., Olivia Nelson, Harry W., Hector Wold, Ole P., Pessenden, N. D. 7

THE WEST CENTRAL SCHOOL AND STATION

GEORGE EDGAR VINCENT, Ph.D., LL.D., President, University of Minne sota ALBERT F. WOODS, M.A., Dean and Director, Department of Agriculture EDGAR C. HIGBIE, M.A., Superintendent, West Central School and Station

FACULTY DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH English: IRMA HATHORN, B.A. Literature: DOROTHY R. HUDSON, B.A. Librarian: ELIZABETH MOTT

DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY BeefHusbandry: Dairy Husbandry: R. H. GIBBERSON, B.Agr. Poultry: S. IRWIN SNORTUM Swine: E. A. MOLDENHAUER

DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY Farm. Grains and Farm Management: PAUL E. MILLER, B.S. Agricultural Botany: Soils: Farm Accounts: S. IRWIN SNORTUM

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Farm Mechanics: Arthur WOODMAN, B.S. Carpentry: O. O. BYE

DEPARTMENT OF HOME ECONOMICS Household Art: IRMA HATHORN, B.A. Domestic Art: SUSAN WILDER, B.S. Domestic Science: MARGARET JONES, B.S.

DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC Piano: INA BRYNILDSEN Chorus: ELIZABETH MOTT

OFFICERS OF ADMINISTRATION S. IRWIN SNORTUM, Accountant ERNEST MOLDENHAUER, Farm Foreman O. O. BYE, Superintendent of Buildings GEORGIANA L. SHARROTT, Matron MARTHA M. BEECHER, Office qerk

5 SCHOOL CALENDAR

1912-13

October 1 . Tuesday First term opens; Registration October 2 Wednesday Organization of Classes October 28 Monday Field Day November 28 Thursday Thanksgiving Day December 21 Saturday First term closes January 2 Thursday Second term opens; Registration January 3 Friday Organization of Classes February 22 Saturday Washington's Birthday March 18 Tuesday Inter-Society Debate March 19 Wednesday Class Play March 21 Friday Commencement Day March 24 Monday Opening of Junior Short Course March 29 Saturday Closing of Junior Short Course r l •

GENERAL INFORMATION

PURPOSE

The West Central School of Agriculture is an institution established primarily for the training of young men and women for the profession of farming. The courses are planned and the subjects are taught with the purpose of making the students masters of this work. The courses are sufficiently extended to give, not only a fairly complete technical equip ment in the business of production, but a working basis in the economic and sociologic aspects of farm life,. It is felt that the farmer of the future must have a broad grasp of his profession in its relationships with other callings, as well as a realization of the possibilities of its social develop ment.

LOCATION

The School is admirably situated to serve about seventeen counties of the west central part of the State. The Great Northern Railway through connections with the Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul Rail road gives good service to the southeast, south, southwest, west, and northwest. The Northern Pacific Railway through connections with the Soo Line and other roads gives very satisfactory service to the portion of the State lying north and northeast of Morris. The School itself adjoins the city of Morris and is situated upon a natural rise of ground overlooking the Pomme de Terre Valley. When the present plans are carried into effect, the campus will be a very beauti ful place indeed with its fifteen or twenty buildings and pleasant drives.

TIME OF OPENING

The School of Agriculture will open Tuesday, October 1st, and close for the fall term Saturday, December 21st. The winter term will open Thursday, January 2d, and close Saturday, March 21st. This gives six months of school work at a time when the students can best be spared from home.

Special Information

Old or new students planning to attend the School of Agriculture should write at once to the Registrar asking him to reserve a room. The first term will open Tuesday, October 1st, and classes will be organ ized the following day. It is hoped to have everything in readiness this year so there will be no delay in getting the work started. Each dormitory room is furnished with two single beds, dresser, table, chairs, curtains, sheets, bed spreads, pillows and pillow cases.

7 8 WEST CENTRAL SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE

Each student should bring with him quilts or blankets for one single bed, napkins and napkin rings, towels, comb, brush, and other toilet articles. Preference as to room-mates should be stated early and will be con sidered so far as possible. All trains will be met by special committees and conveyances Tues day, October 1st. If possible, be on hand the first day.

HOLIDAYS

Lincoln's and Washington's birthdays are legal holidays and will be appropriately observed. On Thanksgiving Day no classes will be held, but school will continue as usual on Friday and Saturday following.

DORMITORIES

Two new dormitories, one for young men and one for young women, will be ready for occupancy in October. Each will be in charge of one of the members of the Faculty. These buildings are modem, three-story structures, splendidly equipped and heated by the Central Heating Plant. They will accommodate about one hundred and fifty students.

HOME LIFE ON THE CAMPUS

The life of the students while attending the School of Agriculture is subject to supervision. Everything is done to promote a healthful, moral atmosphere. The use of tobacco and spirituous liquors of all kinds is strictly forbidden. Anyone not in accord with these restrictions and not willing to lend a hand toward strong, moral growth should not come to the School of Agriculture.

EXPENSES

The expenses at the institution are made as moderate as feasible. They include the following items: Incidental fee (yearly)...... $5.00 Board, light, heat, and fiat laundry (weekly)...... 3.50 Laboratory fees for woodwork, blacksmithing, sewing, cooking, chemistry, corn studies, or dairying per term ...... $1.00 to 3.00 Text-book rental per term '.. 1.00 Deposit (yearly)...... 5.00 Hospital fee , . . . 1.00 Piano lessons per term 10.00 Piano rental per term...... 2. 00 Text-books may be purchased or rented as the student desires. The $5.00 deposit is required as a protection against breakages, book , I • GENERAL INFORMATION 9 losses, etc. Unless deductions are made, it will be returned in full at the end of the year. Each month's board is paid in advance. The buildings are lighted by electric lights and warmed by steam. No deduction in charges is made for any absence of less than five days. A fee of $1.00 per term is collected from each resident student and is used as a hospital fund. This fund will be administered under direc tion of the hospital committee which shall consist of the matron, the preceptress, and four others elected from the student body. A general statement of regulations so far as such regulations can be determined will be posted at the beginning of the year. Students will buy their own stationery, drawing material, etc.

STUDENTS' DEBATING SOCIETIES

Students are urged to unite with one of the literary societies of the school for both pleasure and profit. They afford a training in conduct ing meetings, parliamentary law, and public speaking, obtainable in no other way. An Inter-Society Debate cup for the promotion of interest in civic and political questions has been offered by the Superintendent. This will become the property of the society winning it three successive times. The Vincent Literary Society now holds the cup, having won it the first time the spring of 1912.

LIBRARY

The library is well equipped to supply the needs of the students. A large number of books have been selected to meet the requirements of the various departments. These, with the government and station re ports, are all classified and available for use by instructors and students. The librarian is always ready to give whatever assistance she can in directing students in the selection of the books they may need in the pursuit of their work.

LECTURE COURSE

During the school year a lecture and entertainment course, con sisting of four or five numbers, is given at a cost of one dollar for the series. These entertainments are strictly high grade and furnish a pleasant relaxation from regular school work.

DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC

The organization of the Department of Music will be completed this year and the work put upon a definite credit basis. Instruction will be given in both singing and instrumental lines. The chorus work will 10 WEST CENTRAL SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE

be in charge of Miss Mott. She will conduct glee clubs and chapel music and direct the various other singing activities. Piano instruction will be given by Miss Brynildsen. Two half hours per week will be re quired for credit, and a fee of $10.00 per term for the lessons and $2.00 per term for piano rental will be charged. Special rooms will be set aside for the piano instruction and practice, making it possible to do good, thorough work. Miss Brynildsen has had extended preparation for her work and teaching experience, completing the Teachers' Normal Piano Course at the Minneapolis School of Music, Oratory, and Dramatic Art in 1910.

SUMMER SESSION FOR TEACHERS

The first annual summer session for rural school teachers was held at the West Central School for six weeks, beginning June 17th. Credit courses were offered in a number of the subjects and Teachers' Courses in Agriculture, Manual Training, and Home Economics were a part of the work. This work will be continued from year to year and ulti mately expanded to give a very complete training for rural and consoli dated school teachers.

SUMMER DRESSMAKING COURSE

During the 1912 Summer Session a Dressmaking Course was con ducted. About twenty young ladies were enrolled. It is planned to make this a permanent feature in future years, giving students complete courses in commercial dressmaking.

ADMISSION

The West Central Minnesota School of Agriculture is an institution established for the training of farmers and farmers' wives. At present the rural schools are unable to do much advanced work. Itis hoped that they will improve their courses through consolidation and association and ultimately make it possible for the School of Agriculture to set higher standards of admission, but, until such is the case, the School must accept any mature young man or woman even though he or she might find it hard to pass entrance tests. Students above sixteen years of age will be welcomed even though they may not be able to show graduation from the usual eighth grade work. Whenever possible, prospective students should present county or high school certificates in the common branches. These will admit to the regular work without conditions.

REQUIREMENTS FOR GRADUATION

First-The completion of the prescribed course of study, with an honorable standing in deportment. GENERAL INFORMATION 11

Second-An essay of not less than one thousand words, upon a topic connected with Agriculture or Home Economics, typewritten on paper of approved size for binding and filing in the library. Third-For young men, a practical experience in field work at the Station Farm or elsewhere, as shall appear in reports received from re sponsible sources. It is essential that the student should do some work of a practical nature during the vacations following the first and second school years respectively. Students will be given credit for this work just the same as for other school work. Blanks giving an outline of the work in detail and blanks for certification are furnished to all students. It is expected that all the boys in the School will devote their vaca tions to actual farm work, or to some form of agricultural work, and the girls to some line or lines of work such as making bread for the family, canning fruits or vegetables, and other home-making pursuits.

EXPERIMENT STATION

Three hundred acres of land are laid out for experimental and demon stration purposes. At present three main lines are followed: 1. Crop Rotation and Farm Management.-One hundred acres are divided into five-year rotation with a dairy herd in connection. This is to demonstrate what seems to be the ideal for the newer agriculture, namely, smaller farms intensively handled with live stock to help main tain soil fertility. 2. Better Seed Selection.-Pure seeds are being grown with a hope that the Station may lead in an effort toward the general improvement of the quality of farm seeds. 3. Nitrogen Gathering Crops.-Clovers, alfalfas, and other legu minous crops are receiving attention in order to restore the nitrogen 'con tent of the soil, to improve the physical texture of the land, and to give a source of excellent stock food. COURSES OF STUDY

FOR YOUNG MEN

First Year

1 English 2 Industrial Geography 3 Accounts; Physiology 4 Botany and Com Studies 5 Farm Crops 6 Carpentry and Blacksmithing

Second Yea' 1 English 2 Industrial History 3 Vegetable Gardemn~ and Frui+ 4 Animal Husbandry 5 Dairying and Farm Structures 6 Physics

Third Ye",' 1 English 2 Chemistry 3 Government and Legal Forms 4 Accounts and Farm Management 5 .Poultry and Horse Husbandry 6 Soils Advanced Years Fourth Year 1 English Literature 2 Algebra 3 Chemistry and Physics 4 Landscape Gardening and Forestry 5 Economics Fifth Year 1 English Literature 2 Rural Sociology 3 Geometry 4 Farm Management 5 Elective

12 COURSES OF STUDY 13

FOR YOUNG WOMEN

First Year 1 English 2 Industrial Geography 3 Home Accounts and Physiology 4 Agricultural Botany or Music 5 . Laundering and Sanitation 6 Sewing and Cooking Second Year 1 English 2 Industrial History 3 Vegetable and Fruit Gardening or Music 4 Dairying and Bacteriology 5 House Planning and Decoration and Home Nursing 6 Sewing and Cooking Third Year 1 English 2 Food Chemistry 3 Government and Legal Forms 4 Household Physics or Music 5 Poultry and Home Management 6 Sewing and Cooking Advanced Course Fourth Year 1 English Literature 2 Algebra 3 Economics 4 Textiles and Millinery 5 Landscape Gardening and Forestry or Music

Fifth Year 1 English Literature 2 Geometry 3 Rural Sociology 4 Dressmaking 5 Elective STUDENTS

Students in attendance at the West Central School of Agriculture. Morris. Minnesota. 1911-1912-91

Aanerud, Agnes, Donnelly Judd, Earl, Morris Anderson, Harry, Donnelly Kleven. Bertha. Starbuck Anderson, Walter, Murdock Kleven, Gilbert S.• Starbuck Andert. Lena. Morris Kleven, William 0 .• Starbuck Andert. Paul. Morris Knight, Frank, Morris Bennett. Chester H .• Lowry Koll. Victor. Morris Boo, Oscar J., Alberta Larson, Einar. Starbuck Bolstad. Selfred H., Dawson Larson, Elmer. Murdock Brandt. Alice. Morris Larson, Reuben, Murdock Brandt. Elmer F .• Morris Leuty, George W., Morris Brandt, Lawrence, Donnelly Lewis. Ida G., Morris Brevig. Joseph, Starbuck Lien. Alma, Starbuck BreVIg. Ole, Starbuck Mal1ery. Stanley. Albert Lea Carlson. Hilda. Morris McIver. George. Lowry Crosette. William E .• Chokio Mecklinburg. Emil, Hancock Dunken, Otto, Chokio Nordeen, Ernest. Spicer Durkee, Albert B.• Hancock Nygard, Petra M., Starbuck Eck, Emelia A.• Morris Nysteum. Joyce. Moms Engebretson, Christian M., Starbuck O'Brien. John T., Morris Estenson, Alice, Hancock OWon. Ida, )lorris Everett. Ervin. Donnelly Opheim. Clitford. Cyrus Eystad, Charles, Alberta Otteson. Elmer. Starbuck Farwell, Olive, Aiberta Page. Howard. Hancock Farwell, Wslter, Alberta Page. Mayme. Hancock Field. Frank, New London Peterson. Bueford, Murdock Forney, Paul. Hornick. Iowa Ouitney, Gerhart. Lowry Gausman. Amy, Morris Ranum. Arthur. Starbuck Gausman, Edward A.• Morris Reisrud, Agnes Mo. Starbuck Gausman, Emil, Morris Schliep, Peter. Holloway Gillette. John D.• Beardsley Scott. Eugene Wo,Hancock Gordon. Mrs. Olga. Lisbon, N. D. Sharrot. Herald Eo, Morris Grandjean, Charles H., Hancock Sherman. Lewia. Beardsley Halloway. Fred B.• Holloway Simonson, Judnh. Starbuck Hanse. Melvin L.• Morris Sovey. Joseph. Artichoke Lake Hauck. Reuben, Madison Steen. Anna. Clinton Haug. Clemens, Duluth Strand. Francia A.• Benson Hogan. John E.• Morris Subak. Herman. Chokio Hoxtell. Gordon B.• Clinton Svenning. Olga. Glenwood Hubbard. Mildred L., Hancock Tessem, Cora. Starbuck Isherwood. Earl, Morris Thompson. Albert, Starbuck Jallo. Ole. Alberta Thompson. Selma. Starbuck Jenk. Dedrick P •• Beardsley Vinji, Pearl. Morris Johnson. Harry A•• Hancock Wendt, William. Donnelly Jongeward. William. Morris Wetmore. Henry. Morris Jongeward, Hubert F .• Morris Will. Martha. Morris Zahl, Henry Fo. )lorris

JUNIOR SHORT COURSE. 1912-32 Anderson. Carl. Hanocck Asmus. Olga. Chokio Anderson. Clara, Alberta Benpton. Beds. Benson Anderson. Oliver. Benson Brandt. Edith. Morris STUDENTS 15

Cornell, Fred, Benson Loehr. William, Cho~o DeCamp,CliffMd,Cho~o Metzger. Margaret, Cho~o Erdahl, Albert, Chokio Mickelson, Alfred, Benson Eystad, Cora, Alberta Oldhaver, Esther, Cho~o Eystad, George, Alberta Peterson, Evylen, Wolverton Eystad, John, Alberta Rolen, Carl, Clinton Eystad, Joseph, Alberta Rolen, Elmer, Clinton Eystad, William, Alberta Staples, Marie, Wolverton Hom, Irma, Cho~o Strand, Oscar, Benson Hom, LMetta, Cho~o Throndson, Howard, Morris Hubbard, Albert, Hancock Throndson, Lawrence, Morris Hubbard, Grace, Hancock Tucker, Lucy, Tintah Kaweng, John, Tintah Tucker, Mary, Tintah

SUMMER SCHOOL STUDENTS, 1912-105

Anderson, Emma, Donnelly Heuer. Clara, Cho~o Anderson, Mabel Ho, Farwell Hilleren, Susan. Benson Bengtson, Huldah 00' Barrett Isherwood. Adeline. Morris Berg. Hannah, Morris Isherwood, Earl, Morris Berg, Sena, Morris Johnson, Annie E., Donnelly Brennan, Margaret, Graceville Johnson, Clara, Appleton Britt, Ethel Eo. Cho~o Johnson, Ella A., Hancock Brom. Olga. Morris Johnson, Mabel Co. Milan Bruns, Marie Fo, Morris Johnson, Signe, White Rock, S. Do Buckley. Alice, Alberta J udish, Adeline, Danvers Buckley, Mae. Alberta Just, Elizabeth. Morris Buroker, Edith. Benson Keefe, Alice R., Graceville Cairney. Julia, Morris Kiernan. Thomas Fo, Wat~ns Casey, Susan. Morris Klein, Julia Robert, Hancock Clemans, Glada Boo Hancock Klein. Rose Topsy. Hancock Clemans, Vanissa Bo, Hancock K1evan, Gena, Starbuck Connole, Helen, Conrad. Montana Lerass, Mollie, Herman Cook, Evelyn Mo. NMcross Lindquist, Phyllis. Diamond, So Do Coyne, Hilda, Barry Lynch. Margaret, DeGraff Danzeisen. Jessie. Herman McAloon, Nellie, Barry Deely. Cathenne, Morris McNally. Alice. Chokio Dewane, Mary, Morris Maloney. Grace, Morris Erickson, Effie. Hancock Maughan. Louise, Morris Erickson, Ethel Mo, Hancock Mich, Clara, Donnelly Erickson, Selma Go, Milan Modahl, Alice, Alexandria Estep. Mabel, Hernu>D Moran, Gertrude, Graceville Farley. Margaret, Cho~o Moran, Mary Ro, Graceville Fehling, Mabel. Louisberg Moran, Rose, Graceville Fenton. Minnie. Hancock Nelson, Esther, Hancock F'lynn, Rebecca M., Morris Nelson, Mabel, Clontarf Gagen. Evangeline. Morris Nelson. Nina. Morris Gagen. Jannette, Morris Norton. Marie Co, Hancock Gallagher, Lauretta, Danvers Nygard, Constance. Starbuck Galvin. Stella. Morris Olen, Marie Jo, Benson Gaughan, Anna. Morris Olen, Othelia. Benson Geenty. Anna, Graceville Olson, Ida, Cho~o Giddings.lnes, Graceville Onnond, Edna Mo. Artichoke Lake Giddings, Silence, Graceville Ostgulen, Oscar B., Glenwood Haack. Bertha M., Morris Page. Mayme, Hancock Haack, Rosa, Morris Palmer, Ruth Do. La Crosse Hagen, Marie. Morris Peterson, Albert Lo, Artichoke Lake Haldorson. Alma, Hancock Peterson, Gena, Appleton Heuer, Addie, Cho~o Peterson, Laura, Collis 16 WEST CENTRAL SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE

Peterson, Mary T., Litchfield Stenger, Margaret M., Morris Peterson, Olga M. V., Murdock Stoneberg, La'jVl'ence, Chokio Rumu~n,Re~na,Kensington Strandberg, Edith E., Morris Rotramel, Mae. Morris Sullivan, Ella, Barry Sauter, Barbara, Morris Sutherland, Margaret, Hancock Sauter. Bathilda, Morris Taffe, Mary R., Barry Slawson, Inez, Morris Trainor. Teresa, Graceville Sommerfeld, Lena, Sleepy Eye Varnum, Melissa Cap, Hancock Stende, Anton, Maynard Westberg, Florence A., Norcross Woods, Laura, Morris

SPECIAL DRESSMAKING STUDENTS AT SUMMER SCHOOL, 1912-19

Berg, Ella, Morris Lee, Selma. Morris Blackwelder, Cleda, Johnson Lyon, Mayme. Morris Buckley, Alice, Alberta McCarthy, Mayme, Morris Erickson, Ethel, Hancock McNally, Alice. Chokio Gagen. Jannette, Morris Mahoney, Margaret, Morris Galvin, Stella, Morris Nelson, Esther P •• Morris Hagen. Marie, Morris Nygard. Constance, Starbuck Jongeward, Jannette, Morris Olson, Mary. Chokio Landis, Stella, Morris Ortman, Florence. Morris Trainor, Teresa. Graceville NORTHWEST SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE CROOKSTON, MINN.

FACULTY C. G. SELVIG, M. A. Superintendent O. L. BUHR, Secretary and Registrar AGRICULTURE ]. D. BiLSBORROW, B. S. A. Agriculture AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE C. L. VAALER. B. A., Agricultural Chemistry and Physics, Public Speaking AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING H. R. DANIELSON, Agricultural Engineering and Blacksmithin~ T. R. SEWALL, Drawing and Carpentry ANIMAL HUSBANDRY R. B. BAXTER, B. S. A., Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science DAIRY HUSBANDRY F. H. SARGENT, B. S. A., Dairy Husbandry and Military Drill POULTRY HUSBANDRY C. E. BROWN, Poultry Husbandry DOMESTIC SCIENCE AND ART BESS M. ROWE, B. A., Cooking, Sewing, Domestic Art RITA McLAREN, Assistant in Domestic Science, School Nurse ENGLISH LAURA G. FRANKLIN, B. A., English, Social Culture FRANCES HOVEY, Assistant in English, Music HORTICULTURE, BOTANY, AND ZOOLOGY T. M, McCALL, B. S. A., Horticulture, Botany, and Zoology SCHOOL C. G. SELVIG, M. A., Practi~ums, Agricultural Economics N. E. SCHWARTZ, Civics, Mathematics, Gymnasium FAITH S. BROWN, B. A., Advanced Courses, Fourth Year COMMITTEES ENTERTAINMENT: Franklin, Schwartz, McCall, Rowe, Selvig SHORT COURSE FOR FARMERS: Selvig, Bilsborrow, Brown, Baxter STUDENTS' WORK: Selvig, Schwartz, Franklin, Sargent, Buhr. 3 SCHOOL CALENDAR 1912-13

October 2 Tuesday First term opens, Organization of classes November 28 Thursday Thanksgiving Day December 20 Friday Christmas recess begins January 7 Tuesday Second term opens. Organization of classes January 8 Wednesday Beginning of Sbort Course for Farmers January 18 Saturday Closing of Short Course for Farmers February 12 Wednesday Lincoln's Birthday February 22 Saturday Washington's Birthday March 28 Friday Second term closes March 31 Monday Junior Short Course begins April 5 Saturday Junior Short Course closes

4 GENERAL INFORMATION

TIME OF OPENING The Northwest School of Agriculture opens October 1, 1912, anc.l closes March 28, 1913. The fall term closes Friday, December 20, 1912, and the winter terms begins Tuesday, January 7, 1913. Registration at the beginning of the second term will begin Mon day, January 6, 1913, and should be completed by Tuesday, January 7, 1913. All former students entering later than January 7, will be charged a special fee of 25c a day for each day's delay in registering, unless prevented by illness from entering on time. Instruction begins promptly at the -opening of each term, and students should be present from the first day of the term until the close of the term.

INFORMATION Students are advised to correspond with the superintendent of the school, C. G. Selvig, Experiment Farm, Crookston, Minn., an:! make the necessary arrangements for registration. The earlier the student comes to the school the better the chance of getting a room at the institution. No student will be admitted late except upon presenta tion of a reasonable excuse. LOCATION The Northwest School of Agriculture is located at the Experiment Farm, one and one-half miles north of Crookston, Minn. Directions for reaching the school are given on page seven. The Northwest School of Agriculture is a part of the University of Minnesota, and is governed by the University Board of Regents. PURPOSE The Northwest School of Agriculture was organized in 1906. It offers a practical course of study designed to fit young men and young women for successful farm life, and aims to give its students the necessary preparation for useful citizenship. The work of the school aims to interpret for the young men and the young women from the farms, the life with which they are familiar. It gives reasons for the various farm oper~t.ions, and makes a scientific basis for the proper management of the -farm and the home. COURSE OF STUDY The course of study offered covers a wide range of subjects and is largely technical in character, but provision is made for some in struction in English and mathematics. The course is briefly outlined on pages 12 to 24. Instruction is given in the work shop, laboratories, barns and fields, as well as in the class room. The course requires three winters of six months each for completion, and is co-educa tional. Much of the work is taken in common by the young men and the young women. Some of the subjects, such as blacksmithing, car pentry, field work, handling grain and machinery, are taken by the young men, while the young women pursue cooking, sewing, launder ing and household art. The methods of instruction tend to educate students toward the farm instead of away from it, to develop in them 5 NORTHWEST EXPERIMEN.T FARM SCENES 4 1. Poultry Colony House. Z. Seeding E",perimentaJ Plots. 3. Farm Gaso- line Tractor. 4. E",perimental Plot. a love for farm life by showing them its possibilities. In this respect the school has been very successful, as nearly all of its graduates con tinue agricultural pursuits. HOW TO GET TO THE SCHOOL Check all baggage to Crookston and bring checks to the school. A charge of ten cents is made by the school teams for transport ing trunks at the opening of school. The same charge is made for the return of the baggage, at the close of school, provided it is ready to go on the days assigned. A charge of 25 cents is made for transport ing trunks at any other time. Monday and Tuesday, September 30th and October 1st, members of the school wearing lettered badges, will be at the G. N. and N. P. Stations at Crookston, to meet and direct new students. HOME LIFE ON THE CAMPUS

The life of the student while attending the School IS subject to supervision. Students residing in the school dormitories are not allowed to leave the grounds without permission. The home life of each student is carefully guarded and everything done to promote a healthful and moral atmosphere. The use of tobacco or spirituous liquors of all kinds is strictly forbidden. No person will be admitted as a student who is known to have the cigarette habit. Anyone not in accord with these restrictions and not willing to lend a hand toward a strong moral growth should not come to the School of Agriculture. ADMISSION Applicants who have completed a common school course in English Grammar, Arithmetic, History of the United States, and Geog raphy will be admitted without examination, provided they can fur nish the certificates of high schools or of county superintendents, and boys must have had six months' practical experience on a farm. Applicants for admission who do not have state certificates or county diplomas showing completion of eighth grade work should send to the Superintendent for certificate's of admission which, when properly filled out by former teachers or superintendents, will be ac cepted in place of entrance examinations. Students who are deficient in English Grammar and Arithmetic will be required to take special work in those subjects at the school before completing the course. Instructions regarding this special work will be given upon admission. All are urged to prepare in all common branches before applying for entrance. Students over twenty-one years of ag~ who cannot pursue the full course, either from lack of time or proper preparation, may make special arrangements for taking such subjects as may be most helpful to them. Students taking special work are required to take enough work to occupy their time while in school. Parents are advised not to send pupils under sixteen years of age. Students from city or grade schools will not be admitted before finishing eighth grade work nor until their former school records have been passed upon by the superintendent. These records must be pre sented at least three weeks prior to the opening of school. 7 State High School Board certificates are accepted for work in English, Physiology, Algebra, Geometry and Civics, or credits of 75 per cent or more received on State Teachers' examinations. REQUIREMENTS FOR GRADUATWN First-The completion of the prescribed course of study with an honorable standing in deportment. Second.,-An essay of not less than one thousand words upon a topic connected with agriculture or home economics. Third-For young men practical experience in farm work during each of the two summers that come between the C and A years. Students will register for the study of some definite farm problem to be studied each summer and report at stated intervals during the sum mer the progress made. A satisfactory standing in this summer work is required for graduation. EXPENSES '.L'he school expenses for the year need not exceed $100. This amount does not include traveling and personal expenses, nor the cost of the required military suit for the young men. . The school charges an entrance fee of $5.00. The cost of the student for board, heat, light and laundry is the actual cost of maintaining the table and caring for the buildings. This will not exceed $15 per month. Each month's board is paid in ad vance. The sleeping rooms are each furnished with a bedstead, mat tress, dressing bureau, chairs and table. They are all lighted by elec tric light and warmed by steam. Each student comes provided with four sheets, one pair of blankets, one quilt, one bed spread, one pillow, three pillow cases, towels, napkins, comb and brushes. Choice of rooms will be given in the order of application up to the opening of school. After that no rooms will be held. Rooms will then be assigned to the students as they come to the school. There will be no deviation from this rule. An assignment of rooms will be made on March 18th which will hold good until 8 p. m., October 15th. Students wishing to retain their rooms after vacation must be present when the second term opens or pay one-half the price of boanf and room for the time they are late. No deduction in charge for board is made for absence of less than three days. If students are compelled to be absent for that length of time, they are allowed half rates if they make arrangements before leaving. Text books are furnished at a rental of $2 per year to students who do not desire to purchase. A gymnasium fee of 25 cents per term is charged all students. Each student is required to pay for losses or damage of apparatus used in practical work. • For the purpose of keeping the sleeping rooms in good repair a reserve fund is created by assessing each one occupying them $1.00 per term. A deposit of $5 is required of each student, as a guarantee for the return of all books and other articles borrowed. On entering the school, each student makes a payment of $15 board; $5 deposit; $1 book rent; and reading room; $5 entrance fee; $1 reserve fund; $.25 gymnasium fee; total, $27.25. The boys entering for the first time must provide themselves with military suits, costing $16.50. 8 ,.------

All young men are required to provide themselves with the pre scribed uniform, which consists of cadet gray blouse, trousers and cap, and is as neat and economical a dress as the student can obtain. The suit complete, to measure, is furnished under special contract for $16.50. No B or C student will be enrolled who has not provided himself with a uniform. FEES With an exception of an entrance fee of $5 to residents of Minne sota and $10 to non-residents, the school makes no charges. STUDENTS IN DORMITORIES The Preceptor of the School of Agriculture has charge of the boys in their dormitory and social life, and the Preceptress has charge of the girls in their dormitory and social life, under such regulations as may be approved by the superintendent. Students are required to be correct in their habits, and to observe pleasantly all directions for their -government. From 8:15 a. m. to 4:30 p. m. students not at recitation or chapel are expected to be in their rooms or in the library studying or read ing, also after 7 in the evening. The rooms shall at all times be quiet, especially in the evening, so that no student may be disturbed. CLASSIFICATION OF STUDENTS No student shall be considered a senior whose name does not ap pear on the list prepared at the close of the first term of senior year, giving the names of candidates for graduation. No student with incomplete preparatory work, or more than one incomplete C subject, excepting high school graduates, will be classi fied as a B. No student with incomplete C or preparatory work will be made a commissioned military officer. Reports showing nature of the student's work will be mailed to parents at the close of every six weeks' period. HOLIDAYS Washington's Birthday, February 22nd, will be observed by ap propriate exercises. On Thanksgiving Day no classes will be held, but school will con tinue as usual on Friday and Saturday following. It is expected that students will remain at the school on Thanksgiving Day and partici· pate in the accustomed activities provided for that day. ASSEMBLY . In each school day at 11 :40 a. m., the students assemble in the chapel, a commodious room seating five hundred people. After the opening exercises brief talks are given by the superintendent, mem bers of the faculty, or invited guests. During the year the list of speakers includes prominent men, state and national officials, business men, particularly those con nected with the agricultural industries, professional men, prominent clergymen of all denominations, educators from other institutions, and successful farmers. The addresses are of great interest and value tn the students. LECTURE COURSE During the school year, a lecture and entertainment course con sisting of lectures and musical programs, will be given at a lo~ cost. 9 It is hoped to provide high grade lectures and programs which will furnish a pleasant relaxation from school work, and be instructive as well. STUDENTS' LITERARY SOCIETIES Societies for the purpose of improvement in elocution and debate, and for obtaining instruction in the form of lectures, give excellent opportunities for entertainment and culture. Practice in parliamen tary procedure is given which will greatly benefit the students. Each student is expected to associate himself with one of these societes as early in his course as possible. The following literary societies are active and doing good work: Agricultural, Adelphic, Debating Club. STUDENTS' CHRISTIAN SOCIETIES A Young Men's and Young Women's Christian Association has been formed, having for its objects social fellowship and moral and spiritual development. Bible classes will be held Sunday morning at 8:30. The association is non-sectarian. Religious exercises are held at the school each Sunday afternoon at 3 o'clock. Various pastors and business men address the students at these meetings. The Christian Association conducts the exercises, and secures the speakers. BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT The school has six brick buildings. They are ADMINISTRA TION building, containing the offic~s, library, one class room, gym nasium and assembly room; STEPHENS HALL, containing fifty bed rooms, dining room and kitchen; GIRLS' DORMITORY with thirty-eight rooms; HOME ECONOMICS building containing the kitchen and sewing rooms for Domestic Science and Art, and class rooms; INDUSTRIAL building, containing the dairy room, carpentry shop, farm machinery and cement work shop, blacksmith shop, stock judging room and drawing class rooms; and a SCIENCE HALL, constructed in 1912. This building gives adequate quarters to the work in Agronomy, Horticulture, Botany, and Agricultural Science De partments. The farm buildings, herds and machinery are used to give the students the best current ideas regarding methods of farming. LIBRARY AND READING ROOM The School of Agriculture Library is being equipped to supply the needs of students. It contains books of general and technical litera ture, government reports, pamphlets, and bulletins. The general sub ject and author card index and the index of publications of the state experiment stations are always at the disposal of all students to aid them in locating the various sources of information which the library affords. There are complete sets of encyclopedias and dictionaries and files of 50 popular and technical magazines and periodicals. The librarian is always ready and glad to give whatever assist ance she can to those doing reference work in connection with their classes. All those wishing to read or study are made welcome and given whatever privileges the library can provide. SCHOOL MUSEUM With the completion of the new Science Hall in 1912, a room will be fitted as a zoological museum, with the view of exhibiting mam mals, insects, birds, fishes, etc., that are found in Northwestern Min nesota. The school desires donations to the museums from friends of the institution. 10 CL'ASS EXERCISES 4 1. Carpentry. 2. Corn Judging. 3. Cooking. 4. Stock Judging. COURSES OF STUDY

First (C) Year Youung Men Young Women First Term First Tenn Agricultural Botany (5) Agricultural Botany (5) 'Drawing (2) Drawing (2) Music (2) Music (2) Comparative Physiology (5) Comparative Physiology (5) 'Blacksmithing (2) 'Cooking (2) 'Carpentry (2) Sewing (2) Military Drill (2) Physical Training (2) Agronomy (5) Social Culture (1) Social Culture (1) Field Agriculture (3) Gymnasium (2) Poultry (1) Poultry (2) English (5) English (5) Second Term Second Term Agricultural Botany (5) Agricultural Botany (5) English (5) English (5) Music (2) Music (2) Literary Society (1) Literary Society (1) Farm Mathematics (5) Farm Mathematics (5) Study of Breeds (5) Study of Breeds (5) *Carpentry (2) *Cooking (2) *B1acksmithing {2) *Sewing (2) *Drawing (2) *Laundering (2) Military Drill (2) *Drawing (1) . Gymnasium (2) Physical Training (2) Poultry (2) Poultry (1) Summer Practicums Second (B) Year First Tenn First Term English (5) English (5) Agricultural Physics (5) Agricultural Physics (5) Dairy Chemistry (2) Dairy Chemistry (2) Dairy Lectures { Dairy Lectures *Dairy Husbandry (2)1,) { Dairy Practice *Dairy Husbandry (2)1,) Dairy Practice Dairy Breeds Dairy Breeds Fruit Growing (3) Fruit Growing (3) Music (2) Music (2) 'Farm Accounts (4) *Farm Accounts (4) 'Stock Judging (1) *Cooking (2) Breeding (2) 'Household Art (1) Military Drill (2) *Sewing (2) Gymnasium (1) Physical Training (2) Second Term Second Term English (5) English (5) Agricultural ChemistrY (5) Agricultural Chemistry (5) Dairy Lectures • Dairy Lectures . Dairy Practice . Dairy Practice *DalrY Husbandry (2)1,) { Dairy Breeds 'Datry Husbandry (2)1,) Dairy Breeds Music (2) {Music (2) Agricultural Physics (5) Agricultural Physics (5) Vegetable Gardening (3) Vegetable Gardening (3) Field Crops (5) *Cooking (2) Military Drill (2) *Sewing (2) Gymnasium (1) *Home Management (1) Summer Practicums Physical Training (2) Third (A) Year Young Men Young Women First Term First Term Agricultural Chemistry (5) Agricultural Chemistry (5) Forestry (3) Forestry (3) Zoology (3) Zoology (3) Poultry (2) Poultry (2) Corn and Grain Judging (3) *Cooking (2) 12 *Veterinary Science (2~) *Sewing (2) Music (2) *Home Nursing (1) Public Speaking (2) Public Speaking (2) Music (2) Second Term Second Term Civics (5) Civics (5) English (5) English (5) Plant Propagation (3) Plant Propagation (3)" **Algebra (5) **Algebra (5) Dressing and Curing Meats (1) Meats (1) *Stock Judging (1) *Home Economy (1) Feeding (3) *Cooking (2) Soils and Fertilizers (5) *Sewing (2) Veterinary Science (5) Domestic Chemistry (4) Domestic Hygiene (l) *Figures in brackets indicate the number of periods per week in which the sub· ject is pursued. AJI work in subjects marked * extends through double time in the daily program. **Required of those expecting to enter the CoJlege of Agriculture.

COURSES OF INSTRUCTION AGRICULTURAL BOTANY This subject is taught with special reference to plants that are of interest to the Minnesota farmer and gardener. Illustrations are used whenever they can be secured from greenhouse and field. Weeds are examined and classified, seeds are tested, and the students are given as broad and practical a knowledge of plant life and growth as pos sible. Plant life diseases such as rusts, smuts, potato diseases, etc., are studied, and the best preventive methods are discussed. AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY The first term's work in this subject covers the principles of ele mentary chemistry. The second term is devoted especially to the chemistry of cultivated plants and foods. The composition and the use of farm crops for food purposes and the application of the princi ples of chemistry to plant and animal life, form the basis of the work. AGRICULTURAL PHYSICS This subject is taught more with a view to its application in every day life than as a re-demonstration of old laws, as has been the cus tom in many schools. The elementary principles of the science are brought to the students largely by demonstrations from the events of the farm and home. For example, from their knowledge of the relation of weight to bulk in grain, soils and water, they are led to a knowledge of volume, mass, density, weight, force, draft, specific gravity, and fluid pressure. In the laboratory they make definite determinations along these lines. Likewise the somewhat vague and indefinite notions the young people have from their use of pulleys, eveners and other farm machinery, form fitting stepping stones to definite mathematical results readily reached by them under proper guidance. The varied questions of soil physics, soil formation, the move ments of water and air through soil, soil temperature, soil grains and granules, and pore space, are matters studied from the practical side and used as avenues to far-reaching laws. 13 AGRONOMY A general consideration is given of soil formation; soil moisture and its control; the principles and effects of tillage and rotation of crops; farm crops, including history; uses, selection, storing and test ing of seeds; preparations of seed bed and planting; cultivation; har vesting; meadows and pastures; methods in plant improvement; practice in judging grains and corn. ALGEBRA Optional for those intending to enter the College of Agriculture. BLACKSMITHING In the blacksmith shop, lectures are given on the care and man agement of the forge and fire, on the different methods of bending, shaping and welding iron and steel, and shaping and tempering steel tools. The students are required to make chains, hooks, rings, bolts, clevises, tongs, cold chisels, drills, and hammers; thereby getting prac tice in shaping and welding iron and steel and in tempering steel tools. After returning home they should be able to make most of the tools required in the shop and do the light repair work on the farm.

BREEDING In this class the boys learn the laws that govern breeding and the principles to be considered in the breeding of horses, cattle, sheep and swine. The importance of the male in the herd and the-value of good blood are emphasized. They are taught what a good pedigree means, as well as how to build up a herd from grade stock. They are re quired to become familiar with methods of keeping live stock records of all kinds. CARPENTRY - Lectures are given on the care and use of the common carpenter tools, construction of farm buildings, framing, laying out rafters, braces, etc., estimating building material, such as stone, brick, con crete, lumber, paint and hardware. In the shop the student makes such models as will give him prac tice in the use of tools. Mortise joints, splices, drawing boards, ham mer handles, cupboards, book racks and laying out rafters are among the exercises. Each student files his own saws and sharpens his planes, chisels and any other tools he may use. CIVICS The school district, the township, the county and the state gov ernment are given special attention, for here is where the many par ticipate. The national government is also considered, but not so extensively. COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY During the first year the students take one term of applied physiology and hygiene. An effort is made to show the student the 14 importance of a proper care of the human body. Special attention is given to nutritious and unnutritious foods, effects of narcotics and the relation of bacteria to the common diseases. Special attention is given to the organs' of circulation, digestion, respiration and the nervous system. Matters of home and personal hygiene are also given careful attention. . Th~ class work is illustrated by means of large charts, skeletons, manikins and dissection. Important points of difference between human and animal physiology are pointed out in preparation for the third year's work in veterinary science.

COOKING Cooking extends through five terms of the curriculum. Each girl should come provided with two white aprons to use in class. These aprons should be made with bibs and in such a manner that the dress skirt is well protected. Bleached muslin costing about twelve cents a yard is recommended as a good material for them. Each apron should have two pockets. The subjects covered in each term are as stated below: First term, C year: Furniture and equipment needed in a home kitchen; best methods of managing kitchen work, caring for kitchen and dining room utensils, furniture, etc.; the place of measuring and weighing in cookery; the preparation and serving of vegetables, cereals and bread. First term, B year: Cooking is again taken up, ~ special topics being preservation of fruits and vegetables by canni g, preserving, pickling and jelly making. The selection, preparatio and serving of

From the Station Herd. , 15 l meats of alI kinds is also considered. A sufficient amount of prActical work is given in each case to illustrate the principles brought out. A special study of table service is begun during this term and extends through the year, a practice dinner being given by a portion of the class in the class dining room each month. Second term, B year: Eggs are considered as to selection, pres ervation, food value, different ways of cooking and serving. The preparation and serving of soups and beverages is considered to gether with their food. value. The subject of salads is considered in a similar way. First term, A year: This is devoted to the marketing and care of food. The preparation and serving of dairy foods, and made over dishes and dishes for invalids receive special attention. Second term, A year: This is devoted to the preparation and serving of desserts and to the study of food rations, dietaries, bills of fare, confections, etc. A free use is made of the U. S. BulIetins dur ing the year in the hope of arousing a greater interest in the food question. DAIRY CHEMISTRY The chemical and allied changes which take place in the handling of milk and its manufacture into butter and cheese, and the applica tion of these principles to the production of milk and its products form the basis of this work. DAIRY HUSBANDRY Farm Dairy Lectures.-A course of lectures is given in farm dairy ing, giving instruction in the care of milk and utensils, explaining the principles involved in creaming milk by the gravity and centrifugal processes and giving full instruction in regard to running farm sep

VIEW OF BUILDINGS AND CAMPUS I'i Girls' Dormitory AdlDmi$trltion Building Superintendent's Residence HOlDe Econom Commencing the first Tuesday in February, lectures in bac teriology are given the girls in place of dairy feeding. This work treats in an elementary way the subjects of bacteria, yeast, and molds in the home. It is the purpose of this course to familiarize the young women with the growth and character of fungi commonly met in household and dairy management. A microscopic examination and study of the more common forms of fungi is made and special stress is laid on the practical application of the subject to the home. Dairy Practice.-Students receive instruction in the most advanced methods of creaming milk, ripening cream, churning, working and packing butter, the manufacture of sweet curd cheese, and measuring ~- the value of milk by the Babcock test and lactometer. This practice work begins the third week of the first term and continues through the school year. DOMESTIC CHEMISTRY The composition of human foods and their combinations to form balanced rations, dietary studies of families, cost and value of foods, chemical changes and losses in the cooking and preparation of foods, cereal food products, animal food products, fruits, adulterations of foods and their detection, fuels, soaps, disinfectants, dye stuffs and colors, composition of common household utensils, the household water supply, preparation of home-made baking powders, bakers' chemicals, the composition, 'food value and characteristics of tea, cof fee, chocolate, cocoa, molasses, honey, vinegar, spices, flavors, extracts, etc., the grading and testing of wheat flour, the chemistry of bread mak ing, and household sanitation, form the essential parts of this work. Laboratory practice is given in the study of the composition of foods and the detecting adulteration of different foods, such as milk, cream, butter, oleomargarine, lard, cheese, coffee, tea, vinegar, catsups, jelIies, flavors and extracts, baking powders, cereal breakfast foods and flour. The aim of this work is to give students an idea of composition, uses and value of food materials, and the part chemistry takes in sani tation and household affairs. DOMESTIC HYGIENE This will include lectures on preventing disease by using pure water and proper food, by proper habits and personal cleanliness. Home nursing is taught. There will also be lectures by prominent physicians. . DRAWING Students are given instruction in drawing for the purpose of

Mechanical BuildinS Science Hall, Farm Buildings to Ril teaching them the use of the tools and the practical value of drawings in designing buildings and machinery. They make drawings of the carpentry exericises and afterwards work from the drawings in the shop, thereby getting direct application. They design dwellings, barns, sheds, and other farm buildings, estimating the quantity of material needed and the cost of the building completed. DRESSING AND CURING MEATS. Practice in slaughtering is given to the young men, while both young men and women learn the name and value of the different cuts. Both get lessons in simple methods of preserving meats for future use. ENGLISH Applicants for admission to the school who are deficient in the knowledge of the- inflection of the parts of speech, the classification of phrases and clauses, and case constructions, are required to make up the deficiency by a course in grammar for which no school credit 'will be given. C Class. In the first year, English is studied five hours a week for one term. Three hours are given to constructive work with al most daily practice in writing short exercises based on Mayne's "Mod ern Business English." Two hours are given to the interpretation and analysis of literature. B Class. In the second year, English is studied two hours a week for two terms. The writing of weekly themes and the study of the forms of discourse constitute the work. A Class. In the second term of the tihrd year a course in rhet oric is given covering four hours a week. The object of the training is fluency and correctness in written and oral English. ENTOMOLOGY A'ND ZOOLOGY The work in this subject, as in all others, is primarily to aid the student in his work on the farm. It includes classification of insects, habits and life histories of both beneficial and injurious forms, es pecially those in Minnesota; rabbits, gophers, birds; also insecticides and their application. FARM ACCOUNTS This is bookkeeping, but for the farm rather than for the mer chant. The principle of debits and credits is the same. It is to help the farmer in keeping his records that he may know where his profits and losses come from. . FARM MANAGEMENT Systems of farming; selection of farms; rotation of crops and the planning of rotation suitable to the students' home farms and to farms operated under different systems; the cost of producing farm crops; marketing farm products; business methods applied to the farm and a statement of the farm business are given. An accurate plan of the home ,farm showing fields with crops raised on each and yields, farmstead and buildings is required' upon entering this course. Before leaving for home at the close of the first year, students should consult with the instructor on this subject and obtain from him directions and blanks so that the work required upon 18 r I l entering may be performed at home during the summer, where it may f be easily and accurately completed. ~ ~ FARM MATHEMATICS. This work is made especially practical by the application of its principles to the common every-day problems which come up on the farm, such as measurements of material, extension, capacity, etc.; the marketing of grain, stock and other farm products; and the purchase l of machinery and other supplies. FEEDING The principles of feeding as applied to the production of horses, beef cattle, hogs and sheep, are taught. .Instruction is given in the compounding of rations for the different classes of stock, special at tention being given to the use of home grown feeds. Practical lessons in feeding are given at the barns under the direction of an experienced feeder. FIELD AGRICULTURE This work consists of a study of geology related to soil forma tion; effect of the glaciers on the soils of Minnesota; origin of soils in the various agricultural regions of Minnesota; classification of soils; soil moisture and soil tillage; land areas and the planning of fields and farms; the classes of field cropS as grain, grass, and cultivated crops; the relation of these crops to each other in a systematic rotation and -in their relation to soil fertility; the origin, distribution, and uses of cereal crops and other field crops.

FORESTRY Why, how, when and where to plant wind breaks and wood lots are taught; also characteristics and adaptability of the more common trees; methods of propagation, and the conservation of planted and natural forests. FRUIT GROWING Fruit growing is taught with special reference to the raising of such fruits as may be successfully grown in the northwest section of the state, for the home or the market. GRAIN AND CORN JUDGING This course consists of a discussion of the use and value of the score card; a study of the structures of each of the classes of seeds; a brief history and the characteristics in detail of each of the varieties studied; the adaptability of varieties to different localities; the condi tions affecting yield; score card practice and comparative judging to impress upon the mind of each student the details to hold in mind in the selection of good seed grain. GYMNASIUM WORK The gymnasium is a large, well-lighted, two-story brick building. It is well supplied with apparatus for general gymnasium and athletic exercises, together with such appliances as are necessary for the de velopment of a symmetrical body. Besides being fitted up with the 19 finest apparatus, it possesses space and equipment for sprinting, pole vaulting, hurdling, high and broad jumping, shot putting, etc. Class work in physical training is required of all undergraduate young men not excused on account of physical disability. Courses are offered on the heavy apparatus, in corrective work, class drills, and ath letic training. In addition to the regular class drill, a certain part of which consists of training in athletic sports, the school is represented by a strong basket ball team, a track athletic team and a hand ball team. PLANE GEOMETRY Elective for those wishing to take the college course in Agricul ture. The ordinary text. . HANDLING GRAINS AND MACHINERY. Practical suggestions for the best methods of harvesting, shock ing, stacking and storing cereal grains; adaptation of the various kinds of machinery with reference to the soil, weeds and seasons; adjust ment with special reference to durability, convenience in manipulation, etc., are given. HOME ECONOMY Under this head comes the keeping of household accounts, the wise expenditure of a given income, the difference between cash and credit, and the use of a check-book. Special attention is given to the comparative values of different fabrics and furnishings and classes are taken to leading stores for lectures in this line. HOME MANAGEMENT This is a gathering together and systematizing of the various subjects in order to plan wisely the household work and to form a well-ordered daily program for the home life. HOUSEHOLD ART Lectures are given upon the house and grounds, sanitary condi tion, orderly arrangement, beauty and suitability of furnishings. LAUNDERING Second term, C year: The student has actual practice in the best methods of washing white and colored fabrics, in plain and fancy iron ing, and in removing all. common stains. There are also lectures on different soaps, washing compounds and utensils. LITERARY SOCIETY WORK Any student belonging to a recognized literary society of the school may receive credit in the course of study for the work done therein by registering at the beginning of the term, and submitting to the teacher in English all essays to be read by such student before the literary society and rehearsing to said instructor all essays, readings or recitations with a view to correct pronunciation, expression, etc. Each student is required to take Literary Society Work during the first two years of the school course. Credits in this work are re- 20 r

quired for promotion and graduation and failure to attend the regular meetings and to do the work assigned, will constitute a condition in Literary Society Work. MEATS The instruction given to girls in the subject of meats pertains to the selection and value of different classes of meat, and to the best methods of curing and preserving. MILITARY DRILL During the first two years of the cou'rse, drill is given twice a week to the young men. Th United States Government furnishes this School with the necessary arms and equipment for military drill. MUSIC Instruction in this department takes in elementary theory, sight singing, and music history. The course is planned to give the stu dents a basis for musical appreciation and culture, as well as a practical .knowledge of musical forms and terms. Special attention is given to habits of breath control and the enunciation of words, and a thorough system of solfeggio is employed. For students whose voices and training will admit them, there is offered a chorus class, consisting of mixed chorus, a women's chorus, and a male chorus. This offers special advantages for musical de velopment and experience. Students with eighth grade school credits in music are excused from the first term "C" work. A student orchestra is maintained which assists in public exer-

Class in Sewing. 21 cises given by the school. A student band has been organ:3ed and meets regularly during the year. Special lessons in vocal and instrumental music will be given. Write for full particulars. POULTRY The following are some of the subjects taken up: The study of breeds, the care and management of fowls upon the farm, planning and construction of poultry houses, management of incubators and brooders, feeds and feeding. Practical work is given in killing, dress ing and packing fowls for market. The large poultry plant, with a capacity of 500 laying hens,

the management of the one he may have. It treats of kinds of soils, formation of soils, and effects of fertilizers, especially barn-yard and green manures.

STOCK JUDGING Instruction is given on types and breeds of live stock, attention is called to desirable and undesirable qualities in each. Practice is given in judging animals, the standard score card being used as a guide.

SUMMER PRACTICUMS Summer Practicum work is a part of the regular school course and must be taken by all C and B boys during the two summers' in tervening between the freshman and senior years. The work con· sists of practical work on their home farm in following up studies taken at the school during the winter. The projects selected must be submitted to the superintendent for approval before February first. Regular reports of the progress of the summer work are required each month. Each student will be visited at least once during the summer by some one connected with the school who will give sug gestions, note progress, and report on the success being attained. I Credits in this work are required for graduation from the school. I- STUDY OF BREEDS The different breeds of cattle, horses, sheep and swine are studied as to origin, quality and general adaptation to conditions in th'e State. The work is made practical by frequent i1iustrations with stock kept I at the Experiment Farm for that purpose. I ~ VEGETABLE GARDENING In this subject the value of the home vegetable garden is em l,hasized; the preparation of the ground and the selection of plants and seeds are given attention. Tillage, rotation, transplanting, preparation and care of hotbeds, and insects dangerous to the garden are also giv en due consideration.

VETERINARY SCIENCE This course is designed to enable the student to diagnose a dis ease from the outward symptoms, and to fit him for the intelligent care of his live stock. The anatomies of the different classes of do mestic animals are carefully studied and practice is given in filing the teeth and trimming the hoofs of horses and in treating the common diseases f::und among the farm stock.

OTHER COURSES SHORT COURSE IN AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY FOR HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES This course is open to high school graduates who desire a year's work in practical agricultural technology. Farm experience is re quired. The following subjects will be included: First Term Agronomy; Animal Husbandry, including Breeds, Breeding and Stock Judging; Fruit and Vegetable.Growing; Forestry and Horti culture; and Entomology. Second Term Dairy Husbandry, including Breeds, Dairy Practice and Dairy Stock Judging; Farm Accounts; Vegetable Gardening and Plant Propagation; Soils and Fertilizers; and Farm Management. Students who enter the School of Agriculture to pursue this special course must observe all the rules governing the students, and in every way conform to the regulations of the school. They must show proficiency in the mathematical and scientific work under lying their special subjects and must be fully equipped to do good work in English. Applications from persons desiring to enter this course must be sent in two weeks before the fall term opens. If a sufficient number do not enroll to form a fair sized class, the work will not be at tempted this year. ADVANCED COURSE An advanced course will be ·offered at the Agricultural School during the winter of 1912-1913. A bulletin giving details of the work will be published very soon and sent out upon request. JUNIOR SHORT COURSE The week following the close of the regular school year will be Junior Short Course week. Boys and girls up to the age of 18 will be admitted. Special work in grain and stock judging, cooking and sew ing will be given. Send for special circular ready in February. THE FARMERS' SHORT COURSE This course of instruction is provided by the Faculty of the School of Agriculture to meet the needs of men and wvmen of mature years who are actively interested in the work of the farm. Specialists from the College of Agriculture and the Extension Division will also be present, making the Third Annual Short Course an attractive one in every respect. This is a lecture and demonstration course, covering the more important branches of agriculture, horticulture, live stock, farm botany, farm machinery, entomology, poultry, dairying, etc. Special instruc tion will be given in the judging of grains, soils, and animals. The daily program will be so arranged as to allow the ladies to take the lectures in entomology, botany, horticulture, poultry, and other subjects of the short course in which they would be interested in common with the men. 25 I Work will begin at 8:15 o'clock a. m. and close at 4:30 p. m. Dur ing the course there will be no work on Monday, but this day will be spent in visiting places of interest such as the stock yards, stock farms, flour mills, implement houses, etc. For full. details regarding the Third Annual Farmers' Short Course, write to the Superintendent, C. G: Selvig, State Experiment Farm, Crookston, Minnesota, about August first, when the Short Course catalogue will be ready for distribution. SUMMER TRAINING SCHOOL FOR TEACHERS The Board of Regents granted permission to use the grounds, buildings, apparatus, and library of the School of Agriculture for a summer training school for teachers of northwestern Minnesota. It is organized by authority of the Superintendent of Public Instruc tion. Besides the corps of te"achers provided by the state department, members of the School of Agriculture faculty conduct some of the work, making available to the teachers the equipment of this school. THE NORTHWESTERN FARMER The Northwestern Farmer is a proposed agricultural paper to be owned and published by the alumni and students of the Crookston School of Agriculture. It will seek to strengthen the alumni and students in their endeavors to improve their opportunities and serve as a medium of exchange of id.~as. The organization of county and local Farmers' Club will be encouraged, co-operating in every way with the Farmers' Club of Minnesota. THE UNIVERSITY FARM PRESS NEWS One of the instruments used by the Extension Division for the purpose of keeping the public informed of the work done at the De partment of Agriculture of the University of Minnesota, as well as in keeping the public posted on new·developments in agriculture, is a small sheet of information published weekly known as the "University Farm Press News." This sheet is mailed to all the papers in the state. THE MINNESOTA FARM LIBRARY The Extension Division of the Department of Agriculture pub lishes monthly a small popular bulletin under the caption, "Minnesota Farm Library." It has published bulletins which deal in a popular and interesting way with various phases of farm life. Most of them are extracts from technical bulletins published by the Minnesota Ex periment Station or other agricultural institutions. The technical matter from these publications is presented in a more simple and in tereesting manner than is done in the ordinary station bulletin. The Minnesota Farm Library will be mailed free monthly to any citizen in Minnesota so desiring. Address Extension Division, University Farm, St. P-aul, Minnesota. The following numbers have already been published: Bulletin No. I-Farmers' Clubs in Minnesota. Bulletin No.2-Lists of Agricultural Books and Available Bulletins. Bulletin No.3-Industrial Contest for Minnesota Boys and Girls. Bulletin No. 4--Potato Growing in Minnesota. Bulletin No.5-Woman in the Life on the Farm. Bulletin No.6-Clover. 26 Bulletin No.7-Pork Production. Bulletin No. S-Poultry Houses. Bulletin No.9-Selecting and Storing Seed Corn. Bulletin No. I~Care and Management of the Dairy Herd. Bulletin No. ll-Dressing and Curing of Meat for Farm Use. Bulletin No. 12-Feeding Dairy Cows. Bulletin No. 13-Farm Drainage. Bulletin No. 14-The Smuts of Grain Crops. Bulletin No. IS-Cost of Horse Labor. Bulletin No. 16-Small Fruits on the Farm. Bulletin No. 17-The Farm Vegetable Garden. Bulletin No. IS-Alfalfa Growing in Minnesota. Bulletin No. 19-Domestic Science in Rural Schools. Bulletin No. 2~Soil Tillage. Bulletin No. 21-The Care and Management of Poultry. Bulletin No. 22-Establishing the Orchard. Bulletin No. 23-Some Common Insects and Their Control. Bulletin No. 24-Seed Testing.

NORTHWEST EXPERIMENT FARM

SUB-5TATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA

STATION CORPS CONRAD G. SELVIG, M. A, Superintendent OSCAR L. BUHR, Secretary . HOWARD R. DANIELSON, Farm Mechanics CHARLES E. BROWN, Poultry Husbandry JAMES D. BILSBORROW, B. S. A., Agronomy FOREST H. SARGENT, B. S. A, Dair"y Husbandry THOMAS M. McCALL, B. S. A., Horticulture, Gardening ROBERT B. BAXTER, B. S. A., Animal Husbandry THOMAS R. SEWALL, Assistant in Farm Mechanics CHARLES GRAVES, Assistant in Horticulture CARL G. EKLUND, Assistant in Dairy Husbandry CHRISTOPHER L. VAALER, B. A, Assistant in Agronomy CORA PAULSBERG, Bookkeeper' . The Northwest Experiment Station was established in 189S to give special consideration 'to local conditions in the northwestern part of the state. It keeps in close touch with the main Agricultural Experiment Station, at University Farm, St. Paul, working with the Central station in investigating agricultural conditions particularly in this section of the state. 27 po, ".o IQ

5 (3 1 ".jj o The farm contains 450 acres and is one mile north of the city. It has well-equipped horse, dairy, poultry, sheep and hog barns. Good breeding stock is being distributed among the farmers from the poul try, cattle, sheep and hogs raised here. With aid from the U. S. of fice of Experiment Stations the farm is taking an active part in test ing surface and tile drainage for the Red River Valley region. It has also encouraged a more extensive growing of clover and corn, scien tific rotations and diversified farming, the keeping of stock and mod ern farm management. The Northwest School of Agriculture is operated in connection with the farm, and the men employed at the station are also in structors in the School of Agriculture. The principal lines of work conducted at the station, at the pres ent time, are as follows: field experiments-rotations, tests of varieties of cereals and forage crops, time and depth of seeding grains and amount of seed, methods of seeding grasses; horticultural-tests of varieties of fruits and vegetables, use of wind-breaks; forestry; corn and animal breeding; feeding demonstrations; dairying; drainage ex periments; poultry experiments; farm management. OTHER EXPERIMENT FARMS The state established the Northeast Station at Grand Rapids in 1895; the West Central Station at Morris, including a School of Agri culture, there, in 1910; and, in 1912, new stations at Waseca and Duluth. BULLETINS OF THE NORTHWEST EXPERIMENT FARM Bulletin No. 110---Installation of an Experimental Drainage Sys tem at Crookston. Bulletin No. 119-Poultry.

STUDENTS 1911-1912

NORTHWEST SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE CROOKSTON,MINNESOTA

Senior (A) Class 23 Junior (B) Class 41 Freshman (C) Class 96 Total in School Courses . 160 Summer School, 1911 :. 148 Farmers' Short Course . 98 Junior Short Course . 21 Total enrollment , . 427

29 NORTHWEST SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE FRESHMAN CLASS Pederson, Mary, Fertile. Minn. 1911-12 Pellerson, Melvin, Crookston, Minn. Anderson, Leonard, Crookston, Minn. Rexroat. Frank. Crookston. Minn. Atwood. Crandall. St. Cloud. Minn. Rossber~. Einer. Crookston. Minn. Bang. Martin, Pilot, N. D. Rud. William, Radium. Minn. Beiswenger, Henry, Crookston, Minn. Rutherford, Robert. Euclid. Minn. Berglund, Elmer, Grand Rapids, Minn. Samstad, Melvin, Haug. Minn. Bergerson, Nels, Crookson, Minn. Sande, !ver, Noble, Minn. Bergerson, Richard. Crookston, Minn. Sandem, Thorina. Crookston, Minn. Boen, Andrew, Strandquist, Minn. Saterstrom, Pearl, Lengby, Minn. Boraas. Martin, Hallock. Minn. Schey, Jennie, Argyle, Minn. Buckler, Jack, Crookston. Minn. Scholin, Victor, Wylie. Minn. Christianson, Edwin. Mentor. Minn. Sisler, May, Crookston.· Minn. Christiansen, Ida, Lengby, Minn. Smith, ElJen, Lake Park, Minn. Cook, Leonard, Argyle, Minn. Story, Leonard, E. Grand Forks, Minn. Cook, Mamie, Argyle, Minn. S}'nstad, Ole, Oslo, Minn. Cornelius, Clarence. Crookston, Minn. Thorkelson, Carl, Strandquist, Minn. Dahl, Albert, Fertile. Minn. Underdahl, Eddie, Fertile, Minn. Erickson, Koute, Fisher, Minn. Vig, John, Fosston, Minn. Erickson, Lulu, Fisher. Minn. Vigstol, Andrew. Stephen, Minn. Evenson, Anna, Climax, Minn. Vag, John, Warroad. Minn. Ferguson, Royal, Mallory, Minn. Walland, Harold, McCanna, N. D. Flaat, Hilda, Fisher. Minn. Walland, Nels, McCanna. N. D. Flodstrom. David, Viking, Minn. Willcox. Lloyd, Senen. Minn. Frederickson, Fred. Pelen. Minn. ''''heeler, Ora, Crookston, Minn. Freidstrom, Richard. Hal1ock, Minn. Wurden, Anchor. Fisher. Minn. Funseth, Carl, Roseau. Minn. Total-96 Gamme, Elmer, Beltrami, Minn. Gamme, Joseph, Beltrami. Minn. JUNIOR (B) CLASS Geddes, Darrigh, E. Grand Forks, Minn. 1911.12 Gordon, Amanda, Crookston, Minn. Graham~ Saxon, Frazee, Minn. Aamoth, Sidney, Twin Valley, Minn. Hagen, Martin,· Perley, Minn. Balstad, Edward, Fosston, Minn. Hannah, Alfred, Fisher, Minn. Berg, David, Fosston, Minn. Hanson. Esther. St. Hilaire. Minn. lkrgh, John, Gully, Minn. Harris, Chas., McHugh, Minn. Blown, Chas., Crookston, Minn. Haug, William, Haug, Minn. Bullen.e, Harry, Detroit, Minn. Hawley, Roy, Crookston, Minn. Bul1ene, Louise, Detroit. Minn. Hedin, Hannah, Twin Val1ey, Minn. Bullene, Wallace, Detroit, Minn. Heldstab, Gus, Crookston. Minn. Dahl. Syvert, Bagley. Minn. Hendricks, Lawrence, Fertile. Minn. Erickson, Almer. Hallock, Minn. Hendrickson, Frieda, Warren, Minn. Erlandson, Albert, Kennedy, Minn. Hendrickson, Cora, Flaming, Minn. Erlandson, Teckla, Kennedy, Minn. Hjel1e. Carl, West Val1ev. Minn. Fossbakken, Ella, Fosston, Minn. Hjel1e, Emma, West Val1ey. Minn. Frederickson, Fred, Pelen, Minn. Houglum, Robert, Audubon. Minn. Harrington, Orville. Orleans. Minn. Hutchinson, Bessie, Crookston, Minn. Hedley. Ralph, Crookston. Minn. Huot. Gilbert, Wylie. Minn. Hvidsten, Alfred, Stephen, Minn. Iverson, Andrew, Fosston. Minn. Johnson, Norris. Thief River Falls, Minn. Jacobson, John, Stephen. Minn. Knutson, Alfred, Crookston. Minn. Johnson, Edna, Crookston. Minn. Landby, Martin, Swift, Minn. Johnson, Harold, Sanwick. Minn. Lee, Herman, Erskine, Minn. Johnston, Harold, Humboldt, Minn. Lee, Oscar, Hendrum, Minn. Latta, Elmer, Crookston. Minn. Lieberg, Fred, Haug, Minn. Larson, Theodore, Fisher. Minn. Lindquist, Walter. Vikinl!', Minn. Leikness. Lena, Eldred. Minn. McDonald, Earl, Fisher, Minn. Leikness. Adolph,· Eldred. Minn. McManus, Charles; McIntosh, Minn. Linden, Oscar, Fisher, Minn. Mueller, Henry, Gary, Minn. McDonald, Kate, Fisher. Minn. Nelson, Richard, Jonstad, Minn. McDonald. Minnie. Fisher. Minn. Olson, Leonard, Gully, Minn. Maltrud, Gilman, Fertile, Minn. PEderson, Nils, FlamilUl. Minn. Mariner, Marie, Eldred. Minn. Rexroat, Clarence, Crookston, Minn. Merrill, Alvis, Fisher. Minn. Rexroat, Ralph, Crookston. Minn. Monson, Sophie, Drayton. N. D. Rud, John, Radium. Minn. Nelson, Arne, Fertile, Minn. Samuelson, Youngve. Crookston, Minn. Nelson, Peder, Hendrum, .Minn. Sisler, Carl, .Crookston. Minn. Norquist, Emil, Roseau. Minn. Skibness, Lionel, Battle Lake, Minn. Ofstedal. Mathilda, Fertile, Minn. Solberg, Melkar. Leonard. Minn. Olson, Edward, Erskine, Minn. Swanson. William, Argyle, Minn. Oison. Olaf, Niagara. N. D. Thorkelson, William, Fosston, Minn. Palm. Nels, Alvarado. Minn. Westad, lver. Flaming. Minn. Pearson. Peter, Warroad. Minn. Willcox, Jesse, Senjen, Minn. Pederson, Bernt, Fertile. Minn. Total-41 30 SENIOR (A) CLASS Finseth, Karen D., Oslo, Minn. 1911-1912 Gerald, Lily C., Crookston, Minn. Gienn, Stella M., Crookston, Minn. Anderson, Selma, McIntosh. Minn. ~{aggieJ Berg, Carl, Fosston, Minn. Goergen, Euclid, Minn. ~tinn. Gunness, Mae, E. Grand Forks, Minn. Bjoin, Bertha, Crookston, Graves, Lola M., Crookston, Minn. Burkhardt, Elizabeth, Crookston, Minn. Casselman, Lula, Lockhart, Minn. Griebrok, Julia, Thief River Falls, Minn. Cumming, Wm., E. Grand Forks, Minn. Gust, Anna F., E. Grand Forks, Minn. Gulseth, Hannah, Crookston, Minn. Gustafson, Ellen, Beltrami, Minn. Gustavson, Bertella, Fowlds, Minn. Johnson, Edward, Hallock, Minn. H~gen, Landby, Lenus, Swift, Minn. John, Erskine, Minn. Lindberg, Melvin, Beltrami, Minn. Hammer, Olga, Fertile, Minn. Lindberg, William, Roland, Minn. 11a0500, Agnes, Erskine, Minn. Lindfors, Helga, Fosston, Minn. Hanson, Anna, Erskine, }vi inn. l'Ialm, Minnie, Argyle, Minn. Hanson, Louise, Crookston, Minn. ~iiller, Hartman, Bessie, Twin Valley, Minn. Harry, Crookston, Minn. ~finn. Nelson, Alfred, Gary, Minn. Haugen, Selma, Fisher, Osterloh, Edward, Angus, Minn. Hendry, Myrtle, Crookston, Minn. Osterloh, Emma, Angus, ~linn. Hendricks, Cora, Fer.tile, Minn. Rud, Edward, Viking, Minn. Heng, Ida, Crookston, Minn. Saterstrom, Elmer, Lengby, Minn. li{;rbert, Alma, Crookston, Minn. Swanson, Grace, Argyle, Minn. Herbert, Olive, Crookston, Minn. Torvend, Ole, Patterson, Cal. Hertweck, Anna, Crookston, Minn. Wi.lder, Jay, Crookston, Minn. Horton, Azile, Mentor, 1Iinn. Wurden, Dora, Fisher, Minn. Horton, R. !\f., Mentor, Minn. Ttl 23 Horvick, Anna, Fertile, Minn. o a - Hoyne, Hattie E., McIntosh, Minn. J,',gersoll, Hazel, Crookston, Minn. SUMMER SCHOOL STUDENTS I"erson, Julia, Warren, Minn. 1911 Jenson, Bessie, Fosston, Minn. Anderson, Mabel, Crookston, Minn. Jenson, Mable, McIntosh, Minn. Arndt, Stella, Kuehnel, Minn. Jesness, Alma, Fosston, Minn. Bach, Agnes, Bemidji, Minn. Johnson, Laura E., Thief River Falls, Bakken, Clara, Fosston, 'Minn. Minn. Bakke, Hilda, Crookston, Minn. Johnson, Louise, Crookston, ]VIinn. Henson, Gyda, ErSKIne, Minn. Johnson, Elizabeth, Crookston, ~Iinn. Bloomgreen, Esther, S., Crookston, Minn. Velly, Margaret A., Crookston, Minn. Boileau, Amelia M., Crookston, Minn. Kelsven, Susie E., Gentilly, Minn. Bjontegard, J\.larie, Fosston, Minn. Kelsven, Blanche, Gentilly, Minn. Bjorgum, Valborg, McIntosh, Minn. Ketten, Emma, Fisher. Minn. BJoin, Cora E., Crookston, Minn. Knott, Stanley, Bemidji, Minn. Bonlie, Mabel, Olga, Minn. Knott, Nellie. Bemidji, Minn. Bonlie, Palmo, Olga, Minn. Knutson, Josie, Crookston, Minn. Borchert, Wm., Mentor, Minn. Knutson, Enger, Crookston, Minn. Bougie, Josephine, Crookston, Minn. Koelmel, Wilbur, Crookston, Minn. Drown, Ada F., Fisher, Minn. LaCrosse, Alice, Crookston, 1finn. Brown, Mary, Crookston, Minn. Lance, Josie, Gentilly, Minn. Buckholz, Emma, Warren, Minn. Lance, Olive, Gentilly, Minn. Buckler, Eva, Crookston, Minn. Larson, Julia C., Trail, Minn. Ruckler, Ruth, Crookston, Minn. Lehman, Martha, Crook!fion, Minn. Buckman, Celia, Crookston, Minn. Lehman, Julia, Crookston, Minn. Burns, Bessie, Euclid, Minn. 1\'latson, Emma, Crookston, Minn. Callaghan, Eva, Crookston, Minn. ~.filler, Marjorie, Crookston, Minn. Carey, Martha M., Crookston, Minn. Mitchell, Etta M., Mentor, Minn. Carleton, l\Iargaret, Crookston, MJnn. Mittun, Mattie, Fosston, Minn. Crtrter, Lillie, Hagley, Minn. }VIoen, Carrie, l\faple Bay, ~finn. Casey, Martin, Crookston, Minn. Moen, Pauline, Fertile, Minn. Chandlier, Ella E., Erskine, Minn. l\'~onson, Olga, Leonard, Minn. Clayburgh, Marcus J.. Crookston, Minn. Narveson, Verna, Erskine, 1\1:inn. Conneran, Ella, Eldred. Minn. :r-.;ewton. Clara, McIntosh, Minn. Darkow, Pearl, Crookston,. Minn. Newton, Ida, 1\IcIntosh, ~finn. Duvar, Esther, CrookstoI1, Minn. Norrie, Jane E., Crookston, ~.finn. Duvar, Annie L., Crookston, Minn; Nyquist, Victoria M., Fertile, Minn. Drinkwine, Ethel, Mentor, Minn. Olson, Anna, Fosston, Minn. Duval, Ethel, Crookston, Minn. Olson, Rose, Nymore, Minn. Duval, Alma, Crookston, Minn. Paulson, Petra Jot Shevlin, Minn. Eickhof, Frances, Crookston, l\finn. Paulsberg, Jennie, Cro.okston, ~finn. Ekeland, Anna, Crookston, Minn. Peterson, 1\linnie C., Crookston, Minn. Eliason, Lena, McIntosh, Minn. Pderson, Gina, l\faplebay, l\1:inn. Eliason, Marie, McIntosh, Minn. Peterson, l\Iaud, Crookston, Minn. Sister Emmanuel, Crookston, l\Hnn. Peterson, Katie, Fisher, Minn. Engen, Nels M., Crookston, Minn. Peterson, Agnes, Crookston, Minn. Erdmann, Bertha, Crookston, l\Iinn. Radvick, Bertha, Fosston, Min~. Erdmann, Karl W., Crookston, Minn. Rauenbuehler, Pauline, Crookston, ~finn. Evje, Constance, Nielsville, Minn. Ristad, Olaf, Hallock, Minn. Evje, Josephine, Nielsville, Minn. Rud, IiIilda L., Viking, Minn. l"inseth, Ole A., Oslo, Minn. Rutherford, Margaret A., Euclid, Minn. 31 Sandem, Mathilda S., McIntosh, Minn. McMillan, Mrs. A. C., Thief River Falls, Sister Albertina, Crookston, Minn. Minn. Sister Alice, Crookston, Minn. MacManus, E., Fosston, Minn. Sister St. Anne, Crookston, Minn. Malin, N. G., Crookston, Minn. Sister Agnes, Crookston, Minn. Malin, Mrs. N. G., Crookston, Minn. Shearer, Ina, Bemidji, Minn. McMillan, A. C., Thief River Falls, Stoddard, Helen E., Mentor, Minn. Minn. Stenness, Mary, Erskine, Minn. Marin, W. A., Crookston, Minn. Stone, Lucia 11.I., Crookston, Minn. Miller, W. J., Crookston, Minn. C;wedburgh, Pearl, Crookston, Minn. Miller, Dodds, Crookston, Minn. Thoe, Julia, Crookston, Minn. Miller, A., Crookston, Minn. Tibesar, Elizabeth, Crookston, Minn. Miller, F. C., Crookston, Minn. Tofsley, Anna, Crookston, Minn. Mills, F. S., Crookston, Minn. Tollefson, Emma, McIntosh, Minn. Mork, A., Erskine, Min....n. Torvend, Lizzie, Fosston, Minn. Munch, Mrs. Mary, Crookston, Minn. Ulseth, Inga, Crookston, Minn. Murphy, J. T., Eldred, Minn. Ulseth, Clarn, Crookston, Minn. Musselman, C. T., Crookston, Minn. Waller, Mabel R., Rollis, Minn. Nilson, M. N., Gatzke, Minn. Waller, Jessie, Rollis, Minn. Nordlund, C. J., Beltrami, Minn. Webster, Blanche, Crookston, Minn. Olson, Andrew, Angus, Minn. Wilder, Florence, Crookston, Minn. Olson, Elling, Angus, Minn. Wilder, Jessie F., Crookston, Minn. Olson, Olaf, Niagara, N. D. Winfield, Nellie E., Crookston, Minn. Olson, Ole, Crookston, Minn. Woodham, Elizabeth, Crookston, Minn. Olson, P. G., Alexandria, Minn. Wurden, Dora, Fisher, Minn. Osterloh, Mrs. Herman, Angus, Minn. Youngman, Ida, Quiring, Minn. Perry, John, Crookston, Minn. Total-148 Peterson, Arnold, Crookston, Minn. FARMERS' SHORT COURSE (98) Pete.rson, Petcr G., Fertile, Minn.. 1912 Quamtance, R. F., Croo~ston, Mmn. ' h B d 11.I"' Reed, C. 0., Fosston, Mmn. Anderson, AldrIC, a ger, .mn. Regimbal, F. N., Fosston, Minn. Akers, E. W., Crookston,. Mmn. Rexroat, T. C., Crookston, Minn. Aschbach, Clara, Ada, M~nn. Scholin, August, Wyliei, Minn. Aschbach, W. J., Ada, Mm~. Schuck, Goo. H., Crookston, Minn. Ball, Joseph, Crookston, Mmn. . Smith, A. J., Crookston, Minn. Ball, Mrs. Joseph, Crookst~n, Mmn. Smith, G. W., Argyle, Minn. Ball, Roxey, Crookston, Mmn.. Smith, Waldo, Lake Park, Minn. Baucher, R. E., Croo~ston, Mmn. Stone, W. M., Crookston, Minn. B~r!l" S. A., Gary, Mmn. . Stubson, Palmer, Hallock, Minn. BlOln, T. H., Crookston, Mln.n. Swanson, Donald, Argyle, Minn. Beardmore, H. J., Warren,. Mmn. Swanson, Mrs. Geo., Argyle, Minn. Bornas, ~Ibert, Hal!ock, ~Inn. Sylvesterson, John, Crookston, Minn. Bluel, PIerce, Genttlly, ~Inn. Taylor, E. W., Crookston, Minn. Bull, J. R., Crookston, MII~n. Tiedt, Mrs. Fred, Argyle, Minn. Bull, Frank, Crookston, M~nn. Thompson, Thos., Hendrum, Minn. Bul!, rloyd, Crookston, MInn. . Thorkelson, T., Fosston, Minn. Chr!st~anson, Carl, Crookston, Mmn; 'rhorkelson, Carl, Gully, Minn. Chrlstl.anson, Alfred, Crookston, MIn'!. Thorson, N. A., Crookston, Minn. Cu~mlng, James,. E. ~rand .Forks, Mmn. Torson, I. M., Crookston, Minn. DanIelson, 0., NleJsvtlle, Mmn.. T~edten, C. 11.I., Crookston, Minn. Erlandson, Robert, Kenn~dy, Mmn. Wentzel, Michael, Crookston, Minn. Gllrden, M. 0., Gary, MInn.. Wilder, C. W., Crookston, Minn. Grothe, James, Hendrum,. MI'!n. \Villiamson, Wm., Kennedy, Minn. Gunnekson, Roy, BeltramI, Mmn. Hagen, Christian, Hendrum, Minn. JUNIOR SHORT COURSE (21) Hanson, H. P., Flaming, Minn. 1912 Hanson, Julius, Twin Valley, Minn. Amiot, Isidore, Gentilly, Minn. Haug, Hans, Greenbush, Minn. Anderson, Andreas, Fisher, Minn. Haugen, Clara, Fodvang, Minn. Anderson, Vedar, Warren, Minn. Hawley, A. J., Crookston, Minn. Atwood, Crandall, St. Cloud, Minn. Hemminllson, Oscar, Kennedy, Minn. Driscoll, Edna, E. Grand Forks, Minn. Hilden, Thos., Battle Lake, Minn. Dufault, Eli, Gentilly, Minn. Hillpot, J. V. L.. -Crookston, Minn. Horgen, Otto, Warren, Minn. Hjelle,.Emma, West Valley, Minn. LaCrosse, Henry, Red Lake Falls, Minn. Hodgson, Rev., Crookston, Minn. larson, Lloyd, Crookston, Minn. Hovland, S. J., Fertile, Minn. Larson, Roy, Crookston, Minn. Ingersoll, J. F., Crookston, Minn. Lindberg, Alma, Beltrami, Minn. Johnson, Arthur, Gary, Minn. McCrae, Clarence, Beltrami. Minn. Torgenson, Geo. G., ArlO'le. Minn. Nelson, Berrtly, Beltrami, Minn. Kelsvin, Arthur, Gentilly, Minn. Nowacki, Julia, Argyle, Minn. Knudson, W. J., Eldred, Minn. Olson, Anna, East Grand Forks, Minn. Larson, A. C., Crookston, Minn. Page, Roman, Gentilly, Minn. Larson, Martin, Crookston, Minn. Plencner, Nicholas, Argyle, Minn. Laudsverk, Arne, Fosston. Minn. Rasmussen, Louisa, Crookston, Minn. Lee, A. E., Crookston, Minn. Snyder, Nellie, Beltrami, Minn. L,eberg, Benjamin. Haull, Minn. Tofsley, Anna, Crookston, Minn. Lindgren, Swan, Kennedy, Minn. Yutrzenka, Martha, Argyle, Minn. 3Z