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International Baccalaureate - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia International Baccalaureate from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia 12/5/13 International Baccalaureate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia International Baccalaureate From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The International Baccalaureate (IB), formerly the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO), is an international educational foundation headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland and founded in 1968.[1][2] IB offers four educational programmes for children aged 3–19.[3] The organization's name and logo were changed in 2007 to reflect a reorganization. Consequently, "IB" can refer to the organization itself, any of the four programmes, or the diploma or certificates awarded at the end of the diploma programme.[4] Contents Logo of the International Baccalaureate. 1 History 2 Diploma Programme curriculum outline 2.1 Extended essay 2.2 Theory of knowledge (TOK) 3 Middle Years Programme curriculum outline 4 Primary Years Programme curriculum outline 5 Organization 6 Governance 7 Reception 8 Allegations of plagiarism 9 See also 10 References 11 External links History Marie-Thérèse Maurette[5] created the framework for what would eventually become the IB Diploma Programme in 1948 when she wrote Is There a Way of Teaching for Peace?, a handbook for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).[6] In the mid-1960s, a group of teachers from the International School of Geneva (Ecolint) created the International Schools Examinations Syndicate (ISES), which would later become the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO).[7] The IB headquarters were officially established in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1968 for the development and maintenance of the diploma programme which would "provide an internationally acceptable university admissions qualification suitable for the growing mobile population of young people whose parents were part of the world of diplomacy, international and multi-national organizations" and offer internationally standardized courses and assessments for students ages 16 to 19.[8][9] International Baccalaureate North America (IBNA) was established in 1975,[10] by Peter Nehr, International Baccalaureate Africa, Europe and Middle-East (IBAEM) was established in 1986,[11] and International Baccalaureate Asia Pacific (IBAP) established during the same period.[12] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Baccalaureate 1/9 12/5/13 International Baccalaureate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The IB Middle Years Programme (MYP) adheres to the study of eight subject areas and was developed and piloted in the mid-1990s. Within five years 51 countries had MYP schools.[13] The IB Primary Years Programme (PYP) was piloted in 1996 in thirty primary schools on different continents, and the first PYP school was authorized in 1997, with as many as 87 authorized schools in 43 countries within five years.[14] The newest offering from the IB, the IB Career-related Certificate is specially designed for students of ages 16 to 19 who want to engage in career-related learning.[15] Alec Peterson was IB's first director general (1968–1977), followed by Gérard Renaud (1977–83), Roger Peel (1983–98), Derek Blackman (1998–99), George Walker (1999–2005), Jeffrey Beard (2006-2013) and Dr. Siva Kumari (appointed 2013, incumbent from 2014).[16] Diploma Programme curriculum outline Main article: IB Diploma Programme Extended essay The extended essay is an independent, self-directed piece of research, culminating in a 4,000-word paper. As a required component, it provides: practical preparation for the kinds of undergraduate research required at the tertiary level an opportunity for students to engage in an in-depth study of a topic of interest within a chosen subject. The subject can come from any of the six areas of knowledge. Emphasis is placed on the research process: formulating an appropriate research question engaging in a personal exploration of the topic communicating ideas developing an argument. Participation in this process develops the capacity to analyse, synthesize and evaluate knowledge. Students are supported throughout the process with advice and guidance from a supervisor (usually a teacher at the school). Theory of knowledge (TOK) Theory of knowledge (TOK) is a compulsory subject for all IB diploma students. It intends to give students a broader understanding of the interactions between their different school subjects as well as creating greater open- mindedness among students. It is based on a system of ways of knowing (WOK) and areas of knowledge (AOK), each of which is discussed in detail.[citation needed]. The 2013 curriculum update adds four new ways of knowing and two new areas of knowledge, which will start with the Fall 2013 semester (these additions are indicated with an asterisk). However, teachers will still choose four ways of knowing along with six areas of knowledge to focus on over the two years. Ways of knowing: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Baccalaureate 2/9 12/5/13 International Baccalaureate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Sense perception Reasoning Language Emotion Intuition* Imagination* Faith* Memory* Areas of knowledge: Natural sciences Human sciences Arts Mathematics Ethics History Religious Knowledge Systems* Indigenous Knowledge Systems* Students are assessed through an oral presentation and a 1200-1600 word essay. The final score, together with the extended essay, influences the 3 additional points of the overall 45 possible total score. Middle Years Programme curriculum outline Main article: IB Middle Years Programme Three fundamental concepts Holistic learning Intercultural awareness Communication Five areas of interaction Approaches to learning Community and service Human ingenuity Health and social education Environments Subject areas Language A Language B Mathematics Humanities en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Baccalaureate 3/9 12/5/13 International Baccalaureate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Arts Sciences Physical education Technology Culminating activity for schools offering a 4 - 5 year program Personal project[17] Primary Years Programme curriculum outline Main article: IB Primary Years Programme Six transdisciplinary themes Who we are Where we are in place and time How we express ourselves How the world works How we organize ourselves Sharing the planet Six subject areas Language Social studies Mathematics Arts Science Personal, social and physical education Five essential elements Concepts Knowledge Skills Attitudes Action The curriculum is expressed in three ways The written curriculum The taught curriculum The assessed curriculum [18] All four programmes (PYP, MYP, DP and IBCC) use the IB learner profile. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Baccalaureate 4/9 12/5/13 International Baccalaureate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Organization The IB is a not-for- The International Baccalaureate aims to develop inquiring, knowledgeable and caring profit educational young people who help to create a better and more peaceful world through foundation. The IB intercultural understanding and respect. To this end the organization works with maintains its Foundation schools, governments and international organizations to develop challenging Office in Geneva, programmes of international education and rigorous assessment. These programmes Switzerland. The encourage students across the world to become active, compassionate and lifelong learners who understand that other people, with their differences, can also be right.— Assessment Centre is International Baccalaureate Mission Statement[19] located in Cardiff, Wales and the curriculum centre moved in 2011 to The Hague, Netherlands. Three Global Centres have been opened: Bethesda Maryland, United States, Singapore and The Hague, Netherlands. The organization is divided into three regional centres: IB Africa, Europe and Middle East (IBAEM), administered from The Hague; IB Americas (IBA), administered from Bethesda and Buenos Aires, Argentina; and IB Asia- Pacific (IBAP), administered from Singapore.[20] Sub-regional associations "are groups formed by and for IB school practitioners to assist IB schools, teachers and students in their communities—from implementing IB programmes to providing a forum for dialogue."[21] There are fifteen in the IB Africa, Europe and Middle East region.[22] There are thirty six sub-regional associations in the IB Americas region.[23] There are five in the Asia Pacific region.[24] In 2003, the IB established the IB Fund, incorporated in the United States, for the purpose of enhancing fundraising and keeping funds raised separate from operational funds.[25] In 2004, the IB approved a strategic plan to "ensure that programmes and services are of the highest quality" and "to provide access to people who are socio- economically disadvantaged."[26] In 2010 the strategic plan was updated after substantial consultation. The vision for the next 5 years was to more consciously establish the IB as a leader in international education and the Board outlined a vision and four strategic goals with key strategic objective.[27] Access remains fundamental to the mission of the IB and a variety of initiatives and projects are helping to take it forward in Ecuador, Poland, Romania, Czech republic, South Africa, Kazakhstan, Spain,Malaysia, Japan[28] The United States has the largest number of IB programmes (1,665 out of 4,502) offered in both private and public schools.[29] It has consultative status as a non-governmental organization (NGO) at United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and has collaborative relationships with the Council
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