KRSH

Preparation for implementation of the Area Based Development (ABD) Approach in the Western Balkans

BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION “KRŠ” BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

“This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the Regional Rural Development Standing Working Group in South Eastern Europe (SEE) and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union.”

This document is output of the IPA II Multi-country action programme 2014 Project ”Fostering regional cooperation and balanced territorial development of Western Balkan countries in the process towards EU integration – Support to the Regional Rural Development Standing Working Group (SWG) in South-East Europe”

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Published by: Regional Rural Development Standing Working Group in SEE (SWG) Blvd. Goce Delcev 18, MRTV Building, 12th floor, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia

Preparation for implementation of the Area Based Development (ABD) Approach in the Western Balkans Baseline Study and Strategic Plan for development of the cross-border region “Krš”

On behalf of SWG: Boban Ilić Authors: Suzana Djordjević Milošević, Ivica Sivrić, Irena Djimrevska, in cooperation with stakeholders from the region “Krš” Editor: Damjan Surlevski Proofreading: Ana Vasileva Design: Filip Filipović Photos: SWG Head Office/Secretariat and Ivica Sivrić

CIP - Каталогизација во публикација Национална и универзитетска библиотека "Св. Климент Охридски", Скопје

352(497)

DJORDJEVIĆ Milošević, Suzana Preparation for implementation of the area based development (ABD) approach in the Western Balkans : Baseline study and strategic plan for development of the cross-border region "KRŠ" / [authors Suzana Djordjević Milošević, Ivica Sivrić, Irena Djimrevska]. - Skopje : Standing working group for regional rural development (SWG), 2017. - 231 стр. : илустр. ; 30 см

Публикацијата е во рамките на проектот: "Fostering regional cooperation and balanced territorial development of Western Balkan countries in the process towards EU integration - support to the regional rural development standing working group (SWG) in South-East Europe"

ISBN 978-608-4760-20-7 1. Sivrić, Ivica [автор] 2. Djimrevska, Irena [автор]. - I. Milošević, Suzana Djordjević види Djordjević Milošević, Suzana а) Локална самоуправа - Меѓународна соработка - Балкан COBISS.MK-ID 103427338

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ABDA Area-Based Development Approach B&H, BiH Bosnia and Herzegovina CAP Common Agricultural Policy (EU) CB Cross Border CBC Cross Border Cooperation CBD Convention for Biological Diversity CEFTA Central European Free Trade Agreement CRO Croatia CSO Civil Society Organization DG AGRI Directorate General for Agriculture EC European Commission EU European Union EUR Euro (currency) FAO Food and Agricultural Organization FDI Foreign Direct Investments F B&H Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina FF Family Farms GDP Gross Domestic Product GIZ German International Cooperation HACCP Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points ICT Information and Communication Technologies IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IPA Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (EU) IPA CBC Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance for Cross Border Cooperation IPARD Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance Rural Development ISO International Organization for Standardization JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency JRC IPTS Joint Research Center of EC, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies KUD Cultural and Art Organization LAG Local Action Group LEADER Liaison Entre Actions de Développement de l'Économie Rurale (FR) LED Local Economic Development LFA Less Favorable Area

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MNE Montenegro NGO Non-Governmental Organization NP National Park NUTS Nomenclature for Territorial Units for Statistics OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD-DAC Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Development As- sistance Committee PDO Protected Designation of Origin PGI Protected Geographic Indication PP People to People RD Rural Development RDA Regional Development Agency RS Republic of Srpska SEE South Eastern Europe SHG Stakeholder Group SIDA Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency SME Small and Medium Size Enterprises SWG RRD Standing Working Group for Regional Rural Development in South Eastern Europe SWOT Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats TBC To be confirmed TBD To be defined TO Tourism Organization UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization USAID United States Agency for International Development WB Western Balkans WWF Med Pro World Wild Fund for Nature- Mediterranean Protection

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. CROSS-BORDER REGION „KRŠ “ (introductory remarks)...... 08

2. BASELINE ANALYSIS OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION „KRŠ“ ...... 13 2.1. Introduction...... 13 2.2. Short history of the Region “KRŠ”...... 15 2.3. Geographical position and traffic connections...... 16

3. HUMAN POTENTIALS...... 17 3.1. Demography...... 17 3.2. Education...... 23 3.3. Civil society organizations (CSO) and private sector...... 27 3.4. Social exclusion...... 30

4. NATURAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES...... 31 4.1. Natural resources...... 31 4.2. Historical and cultural heritage...... 32

5. ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AND POSSIBILITIES...... 35 5.1. Infrastructure and connections in the region...... 35 5.2. Employment...... 38 5.3. Sectoral division of local economy...... 42 5.4. Land usage and agriculture...... 45 5.4.1. Plant production...... 47 5.4.2. Animal production...... 49 5.4.3. Agricultural environment...... 50 5.5. Tourism sector...... 52 5.6. Other sectors...... 56 5.6.1. Processing food industry...... 56 5.6.2. Forestry sector and wood processing...... 56 5.6.3. Energy...... 57 5.6.4. Metal processing industry...... 57 5.6.5. Construction...... 58 5.6.6. Trade, traffic and information and communications technology sector (ICT)...... 58

6. CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION AND INSTITUTIONAL POSSIBILITIES...... 60 6.1. Human, legal and financial possibilities...... 60 6.2. Capacities for improvement of cross-border cooperation...... 61

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7. CONCLUSION - GENERAL OBSERVATION ON THE REGION...... 63 7.1. Region “KRŠ” – potential for mutual rural development...... 63 7.2. Assesment of human resources with regard to rural development...... 64 7.3. Assesment of natural and cultural heritage with regard to rural development...... 64 7.4. Assessment of sustainability level within existing economy...... 65 7.5. Assesment of social capital with regard to rural development perpective...... 66 7.6. Description concluding comments of regions for establishing cross-border region and beginning of strategic planning process...... 66

8. STRATEGIC PLANNING FOR CROSS-BORDER REGION „KRŠ“...... 68 8.1. Reasons for deliberation on the region’s level...... 68 8.2. Analysis of potentials requested for rural economy development...... 69 8.3. SWOT analysis of the region...... 69 8.4. Priority needs and development priorities...... 77 8.5. Determining of general and specific goals...... 82 8.5.1. General and specific goals...... 82 8.5.2. Vision of the region...... 82 8.6. Planning of actions...... 84

9. STRATEGIC MATRIX...... 91

ANNEXES...... 94 ANNEX 1: Questionary for Exploratory survey...... 94 ANNEX 2: Validating questionary...... 95 ANNEX 3: List of paticipants in SHG...... 105 ANNEX 4: ID of municipalitiy (empty)...... 107 ANNEX 5: List of natural, cultural-historic heritage...... 111 ANNEX 6: Bibliography...... 122 ANNEX 7: Tables of ID of municipality...... 131 ANNEX 8: Project concepts...... 204

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1. CROSS-BORDER REGION „KRŠ“ (introductory remarks)

“KRŠ” (local Krš – pronounced: Krsch) cross-border region is one of the recent territorial integrations of rural areas belonging to neighbouring South-East European countries which was established by the Regional Rural Development Standing Working Group (SWG). The „KRŠ“ cross-border region is shared between Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Montenegro. The region is geographically positioned in the Dinaric mountain chain of the Western Balkans, with the typical karst landscape, partly coastal (Adriatic sea) and partly hilly inland in its hinterland.

The primarily selected space was named Neretva Region. After the final delimitation of the space set to belong to the new crossborder region was conducted in a participatory manner, its temporaryworking name Neretva Region evolved into the final one - “KRŠ” Region. The Regional Stakeholder Group members who worked on its delimitation, baseline analysis and strategic planning, decided to name the region after the main, shared landscape characteristic of the whole territory. Moreover this name was found to be the most suitable as it describes, in the most evocative short way, the main characteristic of the space - calcarious geological substrate and the specific vegetation formed on it, while also describing its rough nature and way of making a living, along withthe frame of mind coresponding to it.

During the 32nd Assembly Session held in Brussels in April 2015, the SWG Assembly selected this region as one of the regions for further implementation of the Area Based Development Approach (ABDA). However, the process leading up to establishment of the „KRŠ“ Region started much earlier, several years ago, when the SWG Assembly decided to work on the introducion of ABDA as a concept which was recognized as a possible tool which might help in supporting the development of vulnerable rural regions in the cross-border areas of the Western Balkans.

Based on the first assessment of the cross-border regions in the Western Balkan, the SWG Assembly proposed the initial borders of the region. An expert was engaged to prepare a more precise proposal for delimitation and to describe the region along with other regions taken into consideration for further work. The final delimitation, its baseline analysis, strategic and action planning were conducted by interested parties in the region with the assistance of the area based developement team (ABD). The whole process was financially supported through the Project - ”Fostering regional cooperation and balanced territorial development of Western Balkan countries in the process towards EU integration - Support to the Regional Rural Development Standing Working Group (SWG) in South-East Europe”. This project is funded by the European Union.

The project was using Area Based Development Approach (ABDA) for establishing 3 new cross-border rural regions in the Western Balkans which should give a boost to the economic development of a few border areas belonging to 8 SWG countries. The Area Based Development (ABD) is an innovative approach enabling a breakthrough in sustainable economic growth by targeting defined geographical areas in cross-border regions, which are characterized by a set of common, complex development problems. It is considered as an effective approach to facilitate sustainable growth in rural areas in decline. It is suitable for targeting defined geographical areas in cross-border regions in the Western Balkans. The approach uses a methodology, which is inclusive, participatory, flexible, and ensures integration and coherence. For rural areas of the Region „KRŠ“, these shared characteristics are numerious:

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1. Common culture, including old medieval trade routes and rulers; 2. Common natural resources such as underground waters (consequently joint hydropower stations and water supply systems); 3. Strong influence of dynamic economic sectors such as tourism and trade in the coastal part, while the potential of the hinterland is underused and therefore lagging behind; 4. Population trends are not extremely negative, so the „KRŠ“ Region has not been affected by the depopulation to the same extent as the other regions of the Western Balkans

In terms of road infrastructure, the „KRŠ“ Region is easily accessible, yet its future development is a challenge due to the insufficiently strong internal bonds between its coastal and hinterland communities. These bonds go beyond physical connections and road networks to all segments of life and create numerous development challenges for its rural areas: socio/economic, including the overcoming of the consequences of the recent war conflicts, as well as turning difficulties caused by differences in ethnicity and religion to advantages by utlising some of the successful common heritage. Region KRŠ needs to develop a functional permanent network of everything – starting from the local governments and ending with operative and implementing structures to overcome the common risks of environmental threats. Region „KRŠ“ is under no no risk of marginalization in the context of regional and EU territory – it has beeneasily recognizable for ages and has its image and identity, yet some of its parts are not properly integrated in its economic life as they tend to be insufficiently attractive for launching economic activities to correspond to the available resources to sustain local communities and allow for the expected prosperity. With these developmental constraints, additionally worsened by the negative trends of globalisation, the rural hinterland part of the region, despite its resources which could complement the dynamic offer of goods and services in the urbanized coastal part, might become irrationally marginalised.

The above mentioned aspects suggest that the developmental problems of rural „KRŠ“ can be resolved by applying the ABDA, which according to its definition, targets “the specific geographical areas in a country characterized by a particularly complex development problem, through an integrated, inclusive, participatory and flexible approach”1.

Seeking to comply withthe basic principles of ABDA, in preparing this document, we applied the ABDA participative methodology and procedures.

In accordance with the principles of an ABD intervention, several participatory instruments have been established and utilised to support the implementation of the project in the previously established cross-border regions such as “Drina-Tara”, “Drina-Sava”, “Sharra” and “Prespa” target areas. The key objective of these participatory mechanisms and activities was to create the basis for a multi-stakeholder approach to local development, which is ultimately expected to increase the sustainability of the ABD application in the project region. A secondary objective was to obtain valuable complementary information for the development of an accurate baseline assessment, both from community surveys and interviews with local experts.

At the time of the beggining of ABDA introduction to Western Balkans, under the facilitation of the project team dealing with the first region established at that time – “Drina-Tara” (composed of the IPTS and the School on Local Development of the University of Trento, as well as local coordinators), the key participatory mechanisms were based on the involvement of:

1. a group of selected individuals representing the different types of stakeholders in the area (local governments, civil society and business sphere), thereafter called stakeholder group (SHG), 2. a group of academic experts and representatives of national administrations, thereafter called

1 “Vrbensky R. (2008): Can development prevent conflict? Integrated area-based development in the Western Balkans –theory, practice and policy recommendations, Centre for the Study of Global Governance (LSE)

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the Delphi group (DG), 3. a sample of community representatives, through questionnaire-based surveys.

During the work which followed, it became clear that the Delphi group was not necessary and was complicating the process, so it was suggested that this part of the participatory work to be modified by extending the sample of community representatives, which would be assessed through explanatory and validation questionnaires.

Stakeholder group (SHG): The main tasks of the SHG was to acknowledge and discuss the baseline development situation, as well as to identify common development needs and priority interventions (along with expected outcomes and correspondent actions) and to support the area-based development approach in the region. SHGs were established in the Region „KRŠ“.

The stakeholders which joined the SHG or were assessed through a questionnaire were:

1. Governmental bodies and institutions 2. Local authorities and their structures including the municipal tourist organizations 3. Regional development agencies 4. National parks and other nature and culture conservation institutions 5. Public enterprises 6. Chambers of commerce and private enterprises unions including tourist cluster etc. 7. Cooperatives and craft guilds (rather than individual farmers and craftsmen) 8. Civil sector including LAGs 9. Prominent individuals (scientists, professionals of different kinds –environmentalists, cultural workers, local leaders etc.) 10. Project managers of relevant active or past development projects/programs, especially those involved with CBCs if appropriate 11. Political leaders and leaders of various civic movements of importance 12. Other relevant groups or individuals representing different sectors of relevance (church groups for instance ) 13. Academic people dealing with regions in different branches

Following the methodology applied so far in the established ABD CB regions, up to three members from each of the participating municipalities were invited to take part. The private sector and civil society organizations, including top player NGOs joined too, to keep inclusiveness, however, without reaching a too large number of stakeholder group members.

Thematic groups: Beyond plenary meetings of the SHG, thematic working groups were established in order to follow the identification of concrete local development needs and priorities (and develop action plans), while simultaneously assessing how different areas of development can be coordinated and complemented into a common working plan. In other words, stakeholder group members assessed potential development interventions which must be addressed in an inter-related and holistic manner within the target area, as the ABD approach principles dictate.

The thematic working groups were in charge of preparing:

• SWOT analyses of the socio-economic sectors related to the common development needs and priorities identified in the target area. This exercise also included issues which are crosscutting to the different themes-sectors

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• proposals for actions (projects) that would address the critical development needs and priorities. This included a definition of objectives, milestones and resource allocation

SHG meetings

Meeting Topic Timing Discuss the overall process and present draft March, 24th 2016, Ćapljina, 1. First Introductory baseline analysis. Filling gaps. Fine tuning. SWOT B&H analysis. Elaborate cross-border development strategy in accordance with the principles for ABD: critical April18th, 2016, 2. Second needs, priority interventions at local level and at Mlini/Cavtat, CRO higher levels etc. Presentation of the first outline of the Strategic Jun, 20-21st 2016, 3. Third Framework and Action Plan and discussions over possible projects. Trebinje, B&H Presentation of the Final Strategic Framework and October 10th, 2016 4. Fourth Action Plan. Fine tuning of the document. Budgeting Niksic, MNE and responsibilities. Writing project summaries.

For the purpose of preparing baseline analysis, two questionnaires were prepared, using a slightly modified model from the previous phases of the ABD program implementation:

1. The first survey (thereafter called'Exploratory' ) was used at the beginning to gain a general understanding of the development situation as perceived by a wider audience than the selected stakeholders. Open questions were prepared in order to assess what were the most pressing development needs as perceived by the average citizen. The results were discussed with SHG members when deciding on key priority areas-themes. Detailed questionnaire was used to lead through data collection (Annex 1). 2. A second questionnaire was introduced in later stage (thereafter called "Validating") in order to assess whether the proposals made by the SHG were compatible and acceptable to a larger group of multi-sector representatives from the target area (Annex 2).

A fully participatory process has been applied in order to create a joint strategic document of all municipalities belonging to this region. During the process of preparation of this document four meetings with local stakeholders were organized (Hutovo Blato/Capljina, Mlini/Cavtat, Trebinje and Niksic). The meetings were attended by 34 stakeholders from the region, 20 of which were representatives of local governments and their structures (59%), while the other part consisted of the business sector with 12 % and 29 % of the participants representing civil society (Annex 3).

The principle of integrated approach was used to explore the priority economic sectors and interactions between them. The contribution of the local stakeholders was organized through work in two thematic working groups (WG), which were formed respecting the priority development themes – sectors of the region: WG for Agriculture and processing and WG for Tourism. Each WG dealt with crosscutting issues such as environment, infrastructure etc. through the main thematic areas of primary, secondary and tertiary sectorial developments, but also with interaction between sectors and their contribution to the overall integral regional development on the national, bilateral and trilateral (regional) levels. Local partners made an active contribution to the collection of data for the baseline analysis conducted by field and international experts and were involved in the drafting of the final document by taking part in the survey (23 participants submitted their written responses).

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The principle of inclusive processes was also aligned with the fact that the baseline analysis, SWOT, the visioning, list of priorities, list of actions and line of development, people to people, investment and other projects of importance for the implementation of actions within 10 years of strategy validity, were considered both at the regional level and according to the specific economic sectors. Analysis was done also through assessing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of all corresponding cross-cutting issues, rather than analyzing them as separate sectors. For instance, the environment was not assessed as a separate sector, but against each of the economic sectors enlisted as priority e.g. agriculture/processing and tourism which were observed through SWOTs of all their segments – natural and cultural resources and human resources, institutions and support, infrastructure and equipment and markets. This approach was taken in order to make the SWOT more useful in further planning, which was an upgrade compared to similar processes in other ABD regions.

As usual, the process of collecting data was faced with similar problems like in any other case of developing relevant planning documents for the Western Balkans which required flexibility and frequent use of descriptive methods, instead of exposing problematic data or a zero, data while trying to explain the important parts of the regional economic frame. Therefore, similarly to previous ABD regions, given the increased incompatibility of statistical databases or even their unavailability, data was not processed on the regional level, but rather provided separately as indicators to describe differences observed.

Konac Polje, Municipality of Ljubinje, BiH

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2. BASELINE ANALYSIS OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION „KRŠ“

2.1 INTRODUCTION Understanding and emphasizing the natural and geographical characteristics of the Region “KRŠ” is unavoidable in the deliberation on guidance for further common development of this cross-border region. The strategic plans for development of the Region “KRŠ” have to respect the natural resources, specificities and the area’s limitations as basic comparative advantages of the region and foundation for sustainable development.

This map presents the Region “KRŠ” and its position in the Western Balkans. The region covers 4 cities and 22 municipalities in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) and Montenegro. Each country has different internal organization and administrative structure. Montenegro has a central Government with municipalities as administrative units. The Republic of Croatia has only one Government and 20 counties, with different number of cities and municipalities per county. Bosnia and Herzegovina has the most complicated structure. There is the Council of Ministers on the state level as the executive body - the Government. Each of the entities, as well as the District of Brčko, have their own Government. Ten counties with their own governments and ministries exist in Federation of B&H. The smallest administrative units in Repubika Srpska and the Federation of B&H are the municipalities. The Region “KRŠ” consists of: from Croatia - parts of the Dubrovnik-Neretva county (cities Metković,

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Opuzen, Ploče, i.e. the municipalities of Kula norinska, Slivno, Pojezerje, Zažablje, Dubrovačko Primorje, Konavle and Župa dubrovačka); from Montenegro – the municipalities of Herceg Novi, Kotor, Tivat and Nikšić; from Bosnia and Herzegovina - from the Federation of B&H – the municipalities of Ljubuški from Zapadna-Hercegovina county, the municipalities Čitluk, Stolac, Čapljina, Neum and Ravno from the Hercegovina-Neretva county, as well as the municipalities of Berkovići, Bileća, Gacko, Ljubinje, Nevesinje and Trebinje located in Republika Srpska.

Table 1. Basic information on municipalities and cities in Region “KRŠ” Population State Entity Municipality/ City No of citizen Area in km² density Čapljina 22.583 256 88,2 Federation of Čitluk 15.843 181 87,5 Bosnia Neum 4.364 225 19,4 and Ravno 1.443 286 5 Herzegovina Stolac 12.988 331 39,2 (FB&H) Ljubuški 23.487 293 80,2 Bosnia Total FBiH 80.708 1.572 51,3 and Berkovići 2.272 254 8,9 Herzegovina Bileća 11.536 632 18,3 Gacko 9.734 736 13,2 RS Ljubinje 3.756 326 11,5 Nevesinje 13.758 1.040 13,2 Trebinje 31.433 1.024 30,7 Total RS 72.489 4.012 18,1 Total B&H 153.197 5.584 27,4 Metković 16.788 50,82 330,3 Opuzen 3.254 25,73 126,5 Local Ploče 10.135 128,94 78,6 Action Zažablje 757 60,93 12,4 Group Kula Norinska 60,82 28,74 Neretva 1.748 Pojezerje 991 33,54 29,54 Croatia Slivno 1.999 52,77 37,88 Lag Neretva 35.672 413,6 86,25 D. Primorje 2.170 197,1 11 Ž. dubrovačka 8.331 22,8 365,2 Konavle 8.577 209,7 40,9 Total Cro 54.750 843,2 64,93 Herceg Novi 31.270 235 133,1 Kotor 22.601 335 67,5 Montenegro Tivat 14.030 45 311,8 Nikšić 72.443 2.065 35,1 Total MN 140.334 2.680 52,36

Region KRŠ 348.281 9.107,20 38,24

Source: Statistical Yearbooks The municipalities from Bosnia and Herzegovina in the “Krš” region cover 61, 31% of the territory where 43, 99% of total number of region’s inhabitants live, and the average population density is 27, 4 inhabitants per km2. The cities and municipalities from Republika Srpska cover the smallest portion of surface area with 9, 26%. However, the portion of inhabitants is 15, 72%, so this area is the most densely inhabited with 64, 93% inh/km2. Montenegro participated in the surface area with 29, 43%, where 40, 29% of the Region’s “KRŠ” total population live. Average population density in municipalities from Montenegro is 47, 9 inh/km2.

The average population density in Bosnia and Herzegovina is 74 inh/km2, while the average population

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density in the municipalities that belong to the Region “KRŠ” is 27,4 inh/km2, which is far below the state average. The municipalities from Croatia have an average of 64,9 inh/km2, that is lower than the state average which is 75,7 inh/km2. The average population density in Montenegro amounts to 44,9 inh/km2, while the average for these 4 municipalities is higher and amounts to 52,36 inh/km2.

Due to the different administrative structures in each of the countries, the municipalities’ surface area varies a lot, and ranges from 22,81 km2 for the municipality of Župa dubrovačka to 2.065 km2 which is the area of the municipality of Nikšić. The total surface of the Region “KRŠ” is 9.107,2 km2.

The area in the Neretva valley in Republic of Croatia is organized in a Local action group Neretva, which covers the cities of Metković, Ploče and Opuzen, and the municipalities of Kula Norinska, Pojezerje, Slivno and Zažablje. Given that the group has got a joint development strategy, and for the purpose of clarity of tables and graphs, the data from those municipalities and cities will be presented under joint data on LAG Neretva.

Chart 1. Surface area of the Region “KRŠ” in km2 Area/Površina km²

TREBINJE 1024 NEVESINJE 1040 LJUBINJE 326 GACKO 736 BILEĆA 632 BERKOVIĆI 254 LJUBUŠKI 293 STOLAC 331 RAVNO 286 NEUM 225 ČITLUK 181 ČAPLJINA 256 TIVAT 45 NIKŠIĆ 2065 KOTOR 335 H.NOVI 235 KONAVLE 209,73 Ž.DUBROVAČKA 22,81 D.PRIMORJE 197,11 LAG NERETVA 413,6

0,0 500,0 1000,0 1500,0 2000,0 2500,0

Source: Statistical Yearbooks

2.2 SHORT HISTORY OF THE REGION “KRŠ” During its tempestuous history, a lot of sovereignties and maritime forces clashed and struggled on the territory of the region: the Byzantines, Saracens, Croats, Normans, Venetians, small principalities and kingdoms, then the Austro-Hungarian Empire, followed by the Roman-German Empire, Ottoman, Habsburg and Napoleon's Empire. The area has always been a part of trade routes, both in the south

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(sea coast) and the north (center of Europe) direction. In the midst of these dividing lines, a small city such as Dubrovnik succeeded in using political skills to win a complete form of self-administration, and for centuries it acted as an independent state, the Dubrovnik Republic, using all the advantages of its geostrategic position. Apart from Dubrovnik, other cities in the coastal area (Boka Kotorska) were developing as well. Consequently, the inland areas of the Neretva region prospered as well, „Herzegovina“ under Herceg Stjepan Kosača, whose fortresses made trade roads more secure. As a consequence of this, the region is very rich in cultural-historic heritage. From 1918 to 1991 this area functioned within one state, with different internal administrative units during the mentioned period. Since 1945, this internal administrative division has been settled in republics and municipalities.

2.3 GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION AND TRAFFIC CONNECTIONS Regardless of the relief characteristics (karsts with high mountains and karst valleys) and administrative borders, that complicate the internal communication, this region has comparative advantage in its position in terms to the connection with the central part of the countries, and further, with entire Europe. The Ćilipi Airport is on the region's territory itself, while airports Mostar (B&H) and Tivat (Montenegro) are in the close vicinity. West part of the region is connected with highway A1 (Ploče- Zagreb), with a separate lane to Ljubuški (B&H), which is a part of the European corridor Vc (Ploče- Budapest). The railway corridor passes through the mentioned area and it is the closest connection between Europe and Mediterranean Sea and Bosnia and Herzegovina’s only exit to the open sea. It is a 1st class railroad, completely reconstructed and a part of pan-European corridor Vc. In the vicinity of eastern part of the region, in Montenegro, is the railroad Beograd-Bar, as well as the highway (trunk road) that connects Montenegro and Serbia. In the coastal area of the region there are the cargo and passenger ports Ploče, Dubrovnik and Kotor, as well as the cargo port in Metković on the Neretva River.

The borders between countries have still not been defined completely, so the state border between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina near Klek and state border of Croatia and Montenegro near cape Oštro on Prevlaka are still an open issues, while between Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina there are no open issues on state borders.

The area of the Region “KRŠ” is located in a karst area of the Balkans peninsula, and, according to its natural characteristics (geographical, hydro geological, geo-morphological, vegetation, flora and fauna), the karst area incorporates the majority of specificities of this part of Europe. Taking into consideration the overall uniqueness, richness of endemic species and biological communities, and the high level of preservation, this area is extremely valuable not only on a European, but on a world scale. One of the main connections of the Region “KRŠ” is the underwater horizon that extends along the entire region. This could also affect the conditions and quality of the water in the Adriatic Sea.

The coastal area, valley and delta of the Neretva river have their own natural characteristics (oysters, sea flora and fauna, swamps) that give additional value to the entire region in the sense of diversity, but could be imperiled by disregard and unplanned development. The Region “KRŠ” is marked by many common characteristics:

1. Common cultural attributes, including old trade roads, middle-century governors; 2. Common natural resources (under-waters and, as the consequence, common hydro power plants and water supply systems); 3. Strong influence of the dynamic sectors, tourism plus trade, to the coastal area of the region, followed by insufficient usage of potentials in the continental hinterland, so the hinterland lags behind; 4. Population trends that are not so negative as in some other parts of these three countries.

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3. HUMAN POTENTIALS

3.1 DEMOGRAPHY In total, there are 348.281 inhabitants living in proposed area of the Region “KRŠ”. Chart 2 shows the number of inhabitants per municipality. There are huge differences in the number of inhabitants in certain municipalities of Region “KRŠ”. The municipalities in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in Montenegro, in the most of the cases, have stayed within the same boundaries as they were in the period of Yugoslavia. The Republic of Croatia has reformed its local administration so that there are more municipalities then in the pre-war period (so-called „fragmented territorial organization“).

Chart 2. Population of the Region “KRŠ”

Population

Trebinje 31433 Nevesinje 13758 Ljubinje 3756 Gacko 9734 Bileća 11536 Berkovići 2272 Ljubuški 23487 Stolac 12988 Ravno 1443 Neum 4364 Čitluk 15843 Čapljina 22583 Tivat 14030 Nikšić 72443 Kotor 22601 H.Novi 31270 Konavle 8577 Ž.dubrovačka 8331 D.primorje 2170 LAG Neretva 35.672

0 10.000 20.000 30.000 40.000 50.000 60.000 70.000 80.000

Source: Statistical Yearbooks

Nikšić is by far the biggest municipality with 72.443 inhabitants, followed with Trebinje and Herceg Novi with around 30 thousands. Ljubuški, Čapljina and Kotor have app. 20 thousands each, Tivat, Metković, Nevesinje, Bileća, Čitluk, Stolac and Ploče 10-15 thousands, Gacko, Konavle and Župa dubrovačka 5-10 thousands, Ljubinje, Berkovići, Neum, Kula Norinska, Slivno, D. Primorje and Opuzen 1-5 thousands, while the municipality of Pojezerje has 991, and Zažablje in Croatia only 757 inhabitants.

The average population density is 38,24 inh/km2. Variations between certain municipalities are significant, from 5 inh/km2 in Ravno to 365,2 inh/km2 in Župa Dubrovačka (Chart 3). There is a group of municipalities, observed as extremely uninhabited, that have less than 25 inh/km2. Those municipalities

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are mostly located in east Herzegovina (Nevesinje, Ljubinje, Gacko, Bileća, Berkovići), that represents the most rural area. However, it is very interesting that two municipalities from the Adriatic coast (Neum and Dubrovačko Primorje) are in that group as well. In this group is also Zažablje, a new, small municipality that was part of City of Metković prior to the new administrative organization. The following group is made of municipalities and cities that have 25 do 100 inh/km2 - Trebinje, Stolac, Ljubuški, Čitluk, Čapljina, Nikšić, Kotor, Konavle, Ploče, Kula Norinska, Pojezerje and Slivno. LAG Neretva with density 86,25 inh/km2 belongs to this group as well. Opuzen and Herceg Novi have 100- 150 inh/km2. City of Metković and municipality Župa dubrovačka are extremely inhabited – the first has 330,3, and the second as high as 365,2 inh/km2, and in that same group is also the municipality of Tivat from Montenegro with 311,8 inh/km2.

Chart 3. Population density per km2 of the Region “KRŠ”No population per km²

Trebinje 30,7 Nevesinje 13,2 Ljubinje 11,5 Gacko 13,2 Bileća 18,3 Berkovići 8,9 Ljubuški 80,2 Stolac 39,2 Ravno 5,0 Neum 19,4 Čitluk 87,5 Čapljina 88,2 Tivat 311,8 Nikšić 35,1 Kotor 67,5 H.Novi 133,1 Konavle 40,9 Ž.dubrovačka 365,2 D.primorje 11,0 LAG Neretva 86,25

0,00 50,00 100,00 150,00 200,00 250,00 300,00 350,00 400,00

Source: Statistical Yearbooks

Even though the whole region is extremely rural with an average of 38,24 inh/km2, there are significant differences between certain parts. As it could be seen from Table 1, only 50% of the overall population live in 80% of the territory that spreads in the central part of the region, , while the two other parts are more inhabited. The West part, the most densely inhabited part of the region, is located in the valley of Neretva and its tributaries Bregava and Trebižat, while the South part cover this area of southern Dubrovnik.

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Table 2. Population of the Region “KRŠ”

Population Area Region KRSH 2 No Number % km % ctz/km2 Western part (Čitluk, Čapljina, Ljubuški, Metkovič, Opuzen, Zažablje, Ploče, Kula 97.585 28,0 1.143,48 12,6 85,34 Norinska, Pojezerje, Slivno) South coastal area (Župa dubrovačka, 84.809 24,4 847,6 9,3 100,06 Konavle, Herceg Novi, Kotor, Tivat) The central part (Dubrovačko Primorje, Neum, Stolac, Ravno, Nevesinje, Gacko, 165.887 47,6 7.116,10 78,1 23,31 Bileća, Berkovići, Ljubinje, Trebinje, Nikšič) Total / Average 348.281 100 9.107,2 100 36,9 Source: own calculation

The population structure in terms of age is different from one municipality to another. In the region, the portion of population of 16 to 64 year-olds makes up for 67,3%. There is no available data for 6 municipalities from Republika Srpska. The percentage of working age population, aged 16 to 64, compared to the total population is from 64,8% in Čitluk, to 70,8% in Neum. Exceptions are some municipalities in Croatia - Dubrovačko Primorje with 58,6% and Zažablje with 61,2% of this societal category (Chart 4).

At the same time, these two municipalities, together with the municipality od Ravno, have a high percentage of population older than 64 years (Zažablje 22,1 %, Dubrovačko Primorje 26,3 %), while in Ravno this rate is the highest and amounts to 29,9%. The majority of municipalities have a portion of this category ranging between 15 and 20%. Few municipalities are under 15% compared to the total population (Župa dubrovačka 11,7 %, Metković 13,2 %, Nikšić 13,6 %, Kotor 14,2 % and Herceg Novi 14,8 %).

The portion of young people in the population of the entire area is 18,6% (population under 16 years, compared to the overall population). It moves from 0,6% in Ravno, to 21,8% in LAG Neretva. Neum has 10,2%, Stolac 10,4%. In the other municipalities and cities, it varies from 15,2 to 19,9%. It is visible that the mixed demographic situation and the adverse demographic processes come as a result of significant discrepancies in the development of certain parts of the region. Such processes are partially the outcome of the absence of proper demographic policy in all three countries. As a result of the war, particular zones in some municipalities and cities (in the entire part that belongs to Bosnia and Herzegovina and some parts of Croatia) have been completely abandoned, which substantially complicates any actions for equal regional development stimulation. This misbalance is even more noticeable from the economic and aspect of sectors that dominate the region.

19 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Chart 4. Population age structure in Region “KRŠ”

Age structure of the population in %

17,5 Ljubuški 66,3 16,2 19,7 Stolac 69,9 10,4 29,9 Ravno 68,9 0,6 19,0 Neum 70,8 10,2 15,2 Čitluk 64,8 19,9 18,2 Čapljina 65,2 16,4 12,7 Tivat 69,7 17,6 13,6 Nikšić 67,7 18,6 14,2 Kotor 69,2 16,6 14,6 H.Novi 67,8 17,6 17,3 Konavle 66,2 16,5 11,7 Ž.dubrovačka 68,9 19,4 26,3 D.primorje 58,6 15,2 18,4 LAG Neretva 60,4 21,3

0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0

Population over 64 , % Population in active age (16 – 64) , % Population up to 15 , %

Source: Statistical Yearbooks

Information on retired persons is unavailable for the municipalities of Republika Srpska (B&H). In total, the proportion of retired persons in the entire region is 1,76%. In terms of municipalities, it goes from 4,1% in the municipality of Ravno in B&H, to 30,9% in the municipality of Dubrovačko Primorje in Croatia. The other municipalities in Croatia have a high proportion of retired persons in comparison to the overall population (more than 20%), except for Župa dubrovačka with 17,7% that is the most inhabited and has the highest portion of young people (19,4%) and the percentage of working-age people is amongst the highest (68,95%). The municipalities in Montenegro have an equable percentage of retired persons in the total population (Herceg Novi 18,9 %, Nikšić 19,1%, Tivat 20,3 % and Kotor 20,1 %). Municipalities in FB&H go from 9,1% in Neum to 15,9% in Stolac.

20 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Chart 5. Representation of retired persons in the entire population of the Region “KRŠ”

Number of pensioners/Total population, in % 35,0 30,9 30,0 24,4 25,0 22,4 18,7 20,1 19,1 20,3 20,0 17,7 17,2 15,9 14,7 13,2 15,0 9,1 10,0 4,1 5,0 0,0

Source: Statistical Yearbooks

By comparing the percentage of retired persons with the percentage of population older than 64 years, it becomes visible that in Croatia and Montenegro the percentage of retired persons is higher than that of persons who are over 64. This means that there are many retired persons who are under 64 (most probably female population and beneficiaries with favorable retirement conditions). The average for the entire whole region is 119% more retired persons than population that is older than 64. The proportion of retired people in all the municipalities from B&H is lower. In the municipality of Ravno there are 13,7% of retired persons, in Neum 47,7% compared to the overall population older than 64 years. In rural areas there is a higher percentage of population that depend on the support of other family members, since they do not have own incomes.

Chart 6. Proportion of retired persons in the region’s population

Participations of pensioners in %

75,3 Ljubuški 13,2

81,0 Stolac 15,9

13,7 Ravno 4,1

47,7 Neum 9,1

96,5 Čitluk 14,7

94,5 Čapljina 17,2

159,7 Tivat 20,3

140,9 Nikšić 19,1

142,2 Kotor 20,1

128,3 H.Novi 18,7

129,6 Konavle 22,4

151,0 Ž.dubrovačka 17,7

117,5 D.primorje 30,9

132,4 LAG Neretva 24,4

0,0 20,0 40,0 60,0 80,0 100,0 120,0 140,0 160,0

Number of penzioners/Population over 64 years old , in % Number of penzioners/Total population, in %

Source: Statistical Yearbooks

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Chart 7 presents the natural increase for the period 2010-2014 which shows that all municipalities from B&H have continuous negative natural increase, regardless of the entity or of whether they are closer to urban centers. This figure is especially prominent in the Municipality of Čapljina, where the negative natural increase amounts from -92 to -149 inhabitants per year. The Municipalities of Stolac and Čitluk were exceptions in some years, when the natural increase was positive. The Municipalities in Montenegro have an opposite tendency, i.e. an increase in the population on annual level. This is particularly prominent in the Municipality of Nikšić, which is understandable taking into consideration the total number of inhabitants.

In Croatia, differences exist from municipality/city to municipality/city. Only the Municipality of Župa dubrovačka has continuous increase of population during the entire period. Which ranged from 64 to 98 inhabitants per year. In the Municipality of Dubrovačko Primorje, the negative natural increase was stopped in 2014.

Chart 7. Natural growth in Region “KRŠ” for period 2010-2014

Natural growth

150

100

50

0

-50

-100

-150 LAG D.prim Ž.dubr Konavl H.Novi Kotor Nikšić Tivat Čapljin Čitluk Neum Ravno Stolac Ljubuš Berkov Bileća Gacko Ljubinj Nevesi Trebinj Neretv orje ovačka e a ki ići e nje e a 2010 96 -1 45 98 35 44 122 30 -120 -12 -33 -1 -11 -66 -10 -42 -6 1 -70 -75 2011 13 -19 64 16 -10 27 50 16 -136 11 -32 -16 -49 -30 -9 -40 -15 -17 -64 -65 2012 41 -17 52 15 12 85 72 41 -149 29 -43 -9 32 -72 -15 -57 -18 -23 -103 -61 2013 36 -20 75 1 35 60 3 44 -92 -12 -34 -2 -5 -58 -15 -29 -41 -93 2014 62 -8 74 10 2 53 59 75 -108 -43 -25 -9 -45 -47 -15 -51 -32 -17 -90 -123

Source: Statistical Yearbooks

With regards to internal migration between municipalities, the data from Croatia is missing, so Chart 8 presents data from Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro. Again, there is a characteristic figure in the municipalities in Bosnia and Herzegovina that population outflow is higher than inflow. Exceptions are the Municipalities Trebinje and Ljubuški that have a positive balance, while all the others have negative balances, particularly prominent in the Municipality of Čapljina. Trebinje is the administrative,

22 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

cultural and educational center in this part of Republika Srpska, and that is the main reason for increased inflow from other East Herzegovina municipalities. The municipalities in Montenegro have various balances, the inflow in the Municipality of Nikšić is particularly prominent, while in the past three years, the Municipality of Herceg Novi has noted higher outflow than inflow, while the municipality of Tivat has less inhabitants in each respective year.

Chart 8. Changes in number of inhabitants in Region “KRŠ”

Changes in number of population 400

300

200

100

0

-100

-200

-300

-400 H.Novi Kotor Nikšić Tivat Čapljina Čitluk Neum Ravno Stolac Ljubuški Berkovići Bileća Gacko Ljubinje Nevesinje Trebinje 2010 -23 1 221 -59 -129 -45 -26 21 -128 102 2 -47 -17 -9 -28 32 2011 -46 35 192 -71 -89 -20 -22 -4 -38 -76 -18 -20 -27 -23 -4 40 2012 -23 29 340 -79 -53 -8 -18 35 -9 66 5 -11 31 -10 -52 -49 2013 25 20 114 -34 -108 -9 -20 -13 53 54 3 -11 -31 -13 -35 99 2014 18 29 310 -47 -354 2 -25 -7 -45 -210 -22 -31 4 15 -53 110

Source: Statistical Yearbooks

3.2 EDUCATION The educational system in all three countries is very similar, mostly performed through public schooling, and includes compulsory primary and non-compulsory secondary and university education. Schooling in the Region “KRŠ” is based on the foundations of the former common country. However, during the past two decades differences have occurred in different countries, even parts of a single country (B&H). In BiH, there are differences, both - on entity levels (Federation of B&H and Republika Srpska (RS)) and in the Federation B&H itself, since education is a responsibility of the counties.

Higher education institutions are located in Trebinje, Nikšić and Kotor, although, in the vicinity, there are universities in Podgorica, Dubrovnik and Mostar. In the Municipality of Zažablje there is no primary or secondary school, while in the Municipality of Ravno only one primary school exists. In the Municipality of Berkovići there is no secondary school, but the classes are organized with a couple of classes in the Secondary Commercial School from Trebinje.

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The number of pupils and students is roughly proportional to the number of inhabitants in the municipalities/cities. There is a visible disproportion in the number of primary schools in the municipalities compared to the number of inhabitants and surface area.

Chart 9. Number of educational institutions in Region “KRŠ”

Number of elementary,high school and university per municipality

44 45

40

35

30

25 19 20 14 15 13 10 10 9 8 8 10 7 6 5 5 5 4 4 3 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Number of elementary school Number of high school Number of universitity

Source: Statistical Yearbooks

For example, Nikšić has 1 primary school on 1646 inhabitants or 1 school on 46,9 km2, while Ljubuški has 1 primary school on 1677 inhabitants or 1 school on 22,5 km2. Čapljina has 1 school on 1188 inhabitants or 1 school on 13,5 km2, and Nevesinje 1 school on 1058 inhabitants or 80 km2. This ratio is directly related to the relief and to how rural each municipality is; Nikšić and Nevesinje are municipalities that cover a bigger territory, on higher altitudes, with bigger parts of territory placed in mountain parts, where the population density is significantly lower. This means that pupils from certain municipalities need more time to go and come back from school, depending on transport organization. Some municipalities are mountainous or their parts are placed on mountain slopes which additionally complicates the situation in winter.

The number of secondary schools seems very low compared to the number of primary schools. The reason is that in the most of the places Secondary School Centers were organized that organize more curricula under one legal entity. All secondary schools are located in urban parts that means city centers. Although there are various education reforms going on in all three countries, their structure does not follow the economy requirements, thus a large number of high-school certificated pupils are not able to find a proper job. On the other hand, there are several profiles needed by the economy that there is a shortage of at the employment markets.

Related to the number of pupils, in 2010, the primary schools in Nikšić registered 8000 pupils, followed by LAG Neretva with 3746 and Trebinje, Ljubuški, Čitluk, Čapljina, Kotor and H. Novi with 2000-3000 registered pupils. Tivat, Stolac, Ploče, Bileća, Gacko, Nevesinje and Župa dubrovačka have around 1000 pupils and the rest of the municipalities fewer than that.

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Chart 10. Participation of pupils and students in the total population in Region “KRŠ”

PARTICIPATION OF PUPILS AND STUDENTS IN POPULATION, %

Participation of pupils in the population The participation of high school students in the population Student participation in the population

TREBINJE 8,7 4,4 2,8

NEVESINJE 9,3 4,3 2,4

LJUBINJE 8,8 4,2 2,6

GACKO 10,7 4,9 2,3

BILEĆA 10,2 4,8 2,8

BERKOVIĆI 10,8 3,6 1,5

LJUBUŠKI 10,8 4,7 2,5

STOLAC 9,0 2,1 2,4

RAVNO 0,8 0,6

NEUM 9,8 2,1 1,8

ČITLUK 13,3 5,9 3,9

ČAPLJINA 9,8 3,1 2,5

TIVAT 10,3 4,7 3,5

NIKŠIĆ 11,2 5,4 4,0

KOTOR 9,5 4,9 3,5

HERCEG NOVI 9,8 3,8 2,8

KONAVLE 8,2 4,8 5,5

Ž.DUBROVAČKA 9,0 4,5 5,5

D.PRIMORJE 7,3 3,0 4,2

LAG NERETVA 10,5 5,5 5,5

Source: Statistical Yearbooks

Again, Nikšić is the municipality with the highest number of high-school pupils (8.113), next comes LAG Neretva 1.961, Trebinje - 1.283 and H. Novi with 1.448 pupils. Ljubuški and Kotor have around 1000 pupils. In the middle are Ljubuški, Čitluk, Čapljina, Konavle, Ž. dubrovačka and Tivat (400-700), while Ljubinje, Gacko, Bileća, Berkovići, Stolac, Ravno, Neum and D.Primorje have less than 300 pupils in high schools.

Nikšić also has the biggest number of students (4357), even more than Students in secondary schools. LAG Neretva has, on its entire area, 1.975 students. The next two municipalities are Kotor and H. Novi with 1.300 students each. Trebinje and Nevesinje have around 900 students. In the middle are Ljubuški, Čitluk, Čapljina, Konavle, Ž. Dubrovačka and Tivat (400-700), while Ljubinje, Gacko, Bileća, Berkovići, Stolac, Ravno, Neum and D.Primorje have less than 300 students.

Since the data from Croatia municipalities was not available for the mentioned period, and there was only data on the level of entire county, other municipalities’ data were elaborated in this part. In the majority of them, there is a noticeable decrease in the number of pupils in primary schools in the period 2010-2014. The number of primary school pupils in these 15 municipalities in 2011 was 30.869, while in 2014 primary schools attended 27.491 pupils that is decrease of 11%.

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Chart 11. Number of pupils and students in the total population of the Region “KRŠ”

Number of pupils and students in the total population of the Region “KRŠ”,2010-2014

35000 30004 30869 28263 30000 27491 27664

25000

20000 13706 13235 13330 12821 12927 Axis Title 15000 9197 9634 9040 9131 8584 10000

5000

0 The number of pupils in primary schools 2014 The number of pupils in primary schools 2013 The number of pupils in primary schools 2012 The number of pupils in primary schools 2011 The number of pupils in primary schools 2010 The number of pupils in primary schools 2010 Number of high school students 2014 Number of high school students 2013 Number of high school students 2012 Number of high school students 2011 Number of high school students 2010 Number of high school students 2010 Number of students 2014 Number of students 2013 Number of students 2012 Number of students 2011 Number of students 2010

Source: Statistical Yearbooks

Number of high-school students for the period 2010-2014 is in continuous increase only in the Municipalities of Stolac, Čitluk and Kotor. The number of pupils in the municipalities od Trebinje, Neum and Herceg Novi is in continuous decrease, while the other municipalities have a varying number of pupils from year to year. The data for the schools from Croatia is on a county level.

The stakeholders’ opinions on human resources essential for sustainable development of the Region “KRŠ” are presented in the graph below.

Answer from questionnaire 1.

B1 What are currently the key issues related to human resources for the sustainable development of your municipality?

Unfavourable educational structure of the population 5 12 5

Small offer jobs in the longer term (dominated by seasonal work or… 12 8 1 1

The low level of additional skills of local support workforce 8 13 2

Small offer jobs for women and young people 10 10 3

Small Job Market 13 5 4

The age structure of the population 6 8 7 2

0 5 10 15 20 25

A huge problem A problem Not a problem Don’t know

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3.3 CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS (CSO) AND PRIVATE SECTOR The role of the civil society organizations is not at a satisfactory level, particularly in Bosnia and Herzegovina, while the picture is, to some extent, better in Montenegro. That role is the most important in Croatia due to all the previous steps that had been done in process of EU accession.

There is a huge number of civil society organizations, but with different levels of engagement in their work. Partially, the reason for this is that certain groups of organizations have got continuous budget support, while the others are without it and have to fight for implementation of activities and financial stability. That type of continuous support most often goes to sport clubs, religious communities, associations of soldiers and defenders and certain associations from culture. Unfortunately, political and national types of support exist very often (there are favorites), especially in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Table 3. Types of the civil society organizations in the Region “KRŠ”

Cultural and Organizations involved Socio-economic Sports clubs artistic clubs in environmental issues organizations

LAG Neretva 76 90 25 39 D.primorje 11 8 5 2 Ž.dubrovačka 8 11 2 2 Konavle 10 14 2 7 H.Novi 29 24 14 13 Kotor 35 31 7 33 Nikšić 39 55 24 31 Tivat 12 45 Čapljina 15 20 8 7 Čitluk 5 17 2 3 Neum 2 3 2 2 Ravno 2 1 Stolac 1 3 2 2 Ljubuški 12 18 3 4 Berkovići 2 1 3 5 Bileća 4 7 4 3 Gacko 4 7 4 2 Ljubinje 3 2 1 2 Nevesinje 8 10 3 3 Trebinje 20 36 14 15 Source: Strategic documents and official website

Due to insufficient human, organizational and administrative capacities, the majority of organizations have a relatively low level of activities, primarily at the municipal level. They are oriented to getting funding from municipal budgets and/or from higher level of authorities, and applying for donors' funds where the application level is lower but the funds are smaller (certain foundations, embassies, international CSOs). Only a limited number of CSO have strongly established structures, strategically

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presented activities, and built capacities with educated and trained staff. Those organizations act regionally, they are initiators of cross-border cooperation and, with their work, they also support the work of smaller ones in order to strengthen the absorption capacities for using the possibilities of all available funds. The concentration of CSO is significantly stronger in urban areas, where those organizations mainly operate, while the situation in smaller municipalities, in rural areas is by far worse.

All three countries have networks for rural development (some of the founders of which are from the Region “KRŠ”), and are members of the Balkan Rural Development Network (BRDN) and various European networks for rural development. Their mutual cooperation should be used to approach, in a more systematic manner, the strengthening of associations in rural areas, particularly associations from the area of agriculture, ecology, tourism, associations of women and youth.

The sector of small and medium-sized enterprises is relatively well represented and is a potential power resource. Unfortunately, it was impossible to get actual indicators. There is a relatively small number of macro firms – big enterprises at the entire area (energy 4,8%, mining 1,4%, water supply 2,7%, finance 1,7%), that, in percentages, employ higher number of workers. But, looking at the total number of legal entities, the majority of them still fall under the category of SMEs; most of them are in trade (17,8%), accommodation services and catering (7,6%), construction (5,5%) and processing industry (11,8%).

Table 4. Overview of number of companies and employees per sectors

Number of Number of Number of Sector % % employee employee company / company A.Agriculture, forestry and fishing 1.520 2,2% 324 2,1% 4,7 B Mining and quarrying 1.192 1,7% 81 0,5% 14,7 C Manufacturing 8.033 11,8% 1.093 6,9% 7,3 D Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning 3.280 4,8% 268 1,7% 12,2 production and supply E Water supply, sewerage, waste management 1.853 2,7% 53 0,3% 35,0 and remediation activities F Construction 3.761 5,5% 1.208 7,7% 3,1 G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor 12.189 17,8% 4.631 29,4% 2,6 vehicles and motorcycles H Transport and storage 5.927 8,7% 1.173 7,4% 5,1 I Accommodation and food services activities 5.208 7,6% 2.285 14,5% 2,3 J Information and communication 938 1,4% 178 1,1% 5,3 K Financial and insurance activities 1.175 1,7% 124 0,8% 9,5 L Real estate activities 189 0,3% 342 2,2% 0,6 M Professional, scientific and tehnical activities 1.813 2,7% 1.310 8,3% 1,4 N Administrative and support service activities 1.517 2,2% 266 1,7% 5,7 O Public administration and defense; compulsory 6.637 9,7% 398 2,5% 16,7 social security P Education 5.383 7,9% 606 3,8% 8,9 Q Human health and social work activities 4.741 6,9% 149 0,9% 31,8 R Arts, entertainment and recreation 1.496 2,2% 381 2,4% 3,9 S Other service activities 1.439 2,1% 891 5,7% 1,6 68.291 100% 15.761 100,0% 4,3 Source: Statistical Yearbooks

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In regard to number of companies on 1000 inhabitants, the leading ones are municipalities Ploče and Konavle. Čitluk and other municipalities from Croatia have between 109 and 167, and all others under 100. In the Municipality of Gacko there are only 13 companies, since the development holder is coal mine and thermal power plant, which employs the biggest number of workers.

However, most of SMEs fall under very small ones, and they lack the professional support and services that would help business improving and strengthening of their competitiveness. Internal problems of SME sector are the following: non-profitability of SME sector as a result of low productivity, product quality, shortage of innovations and connections with technical achievements and universities, organizational, marketing and management skills that are not modern enough. Regional discrepancies are present in entrepreneurial activity (concentration on bigger regional and urban centers), low level of mutual communication and organization. External problems of insufficient support to entrepreneurship are: administrative obstacles in different phases of launching and developing, lack of institutions for business support (business centers, business incubators, technological parks), inadequate educational system (structure of vocational schools), lack of coordination in government policy on the creation of a stimulating environment for entrepreneurial activities, insufficient support of the financial market. Technological parks exist in Mostar (Intera – covering entire Herzegovina), and Tehnopolis in Nikšić, recently established. Business incubators exist in Trebinje and Dubrovnik; entrepreneurial centers are mostly based in regional centers (Dubrovnik, Mostar) and bigger cities, while smaller municipalities and rural areas are without them. Certain municipalities develop their own development agencies (municipalities in Montenegro), or support is provided by regional development agencies (Dunea Dubrovnik, Redah Mostar, Agency for support to MPS of East Herzegovina Bileća) and some associations that act at the regional level (Link Mostar, CRH Trebinje, Centre for entrepreneurship and Deša Dubrovnik). Support to entrepreneurs is better as they are closer to regional centers or urban parts of municipalities. Entrepreneurs from rural areas need more of both, time and financial resources, to get any type of support (administrative, financial, and professional).

Chart 12. Number of business zones in the Region “KRŠ” Number of business areas 2 2 2 2 2 2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Source: Strategic documents

Chart shows that, in each municipality, there are 1-2 business zones that are of different types, with different levels of infrastructural equipment, with different occupancy structure. Most of zones have been established before the war, while just a couple has been established recently. They all are located closer to urban zones, close to the main roads.

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3.4 SOCIAL EXCLUSION As a result of various types of assistances and supports in each of the countries and due to various methodologies for statistical processing of supports and their recipients, here is the short review of support types and modes, without quantity indicators.

As administrative structure is more complex, financial resources and selection of beneficiaries are different. There are organized public kitchens, youth centers, rest homes, safe houses, co-financing of local organizations of civil society and other financial assistances depending on the requirements and budget possibilities of the local or higher governance levels. In all three countries, the main categories of population that receive different types of support are:

• socially disadvantaged families – costs of fuel, communal fees, emergency and temporary accommodation, i.e. rural families with 4 and more children in RS get a tractor; • older households – particularly in rural areas, delivery of food, medicines, fuel, transport to the health centers; • support to retired persons - volunteer organizing, costs for medicines, communal fees, public transport usage; • youth and children – scholarships, bonuses, assistance in learning, children's allowance; • women and family support- support in cases of domestic violence, free medical examinations; • disabled persons - support in purchase of medicines and orthopedic articles, organizing of nurses.

In some countries there are even groups of population that are result of war, therefore B&H and Croatia have special ministries for categories of refugees and displaced persons, then for soldiers and defenders. Apart from these relevant institutions, the other institutions also provide assistance to these categories, and in a way, favor them comparing to other socially disadvantaged population categories.

Support for parental allowance is part of the social programs in each country, since they are facing negative demographic processes, but it is different from one country to another. The B&H Federation has organized support at cantonal level, therefore it is different in each canton (county). Only in the Municipality of Ljubuški it amounts to 70% of the average salary for 12 months, and for unemployed women it is app. 50 EUR/month during 6 months. In Republika Srpska, B&H, the parental allowance is paid in the amount of an average net salary for11 months for the first and second child, and for any additional children or twins for 17 months. In Montenegro the allowance lasts 9 months and is in the amount of 141 to 900 EUR for the employed parents, while unemployed parents receive 63 EUR per month. In Croatia, there are more categories, and the maximum allowance is 550 EUR/month. Apart from this, there are one-time assistances that amount to 300 EUR/child in Croatia with an intention for them to be increased to 1000 EUR. In Montenegro, this assistance amounts to 100 EUR, in FB&H around 200, in RS 75-125 EUR depending on the birth order.

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4. NATURAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES As the area of the Region “KRŠ” is extremely rich with natural, cultural and historical resources, only few of them have been mentioned in the chapter, while the complete list has been added to the document as annex.

4.1 NATURAL RESOURCES The area of the Region “KRŠ”is relatively homogeneous from a natural, geographical and environmental point of view. In hydrographical sense, it is a very specific area of Europe and the world. Due to the extreme bare land, karst composition and human activity, different surface and underwater hydrograph phenomena have been created on that area. There are numerous sinking rivers, underwater flows, karst wells, estavelles and other hydrographical phenomena of bare karst. The Delta of the Neretva River and the Nature Park Hutovo Blato as examples of swamps add further specificity. On the north, in the part of the Gacko Municipality, there is the virgin-forest of Perućica, then the park-forest Trebjesa in Nikšić, and the famous Arboretum in Trsteno near Dubrovnik. The area is rich in caves and barrows, the most important of which is Vjetrenica in the Municipality of Ravno. There are no nature parks in the area, but it is surrounded with 4: NP Sutjeska in B&H, NP Durmitor and NP Lovćen in Montenegro and NP Mljet in Croatia.

Even though it has water wealth, the region is known as a „dry and thirsty“ area. The main reason for that is the unbalanced rainfalls distribution during a year. In autumn and spring, rains are mainly torrential and cause flooding of almost all karst fields which limits the possibilities for their more intensive exploitation. The first more intensive meliorations had started with the Austro-Hungarians when Gatačko polje had been meliorated. Later on, the rest of the fields and areas were meliorated, however never fully developed and completed (Ljubuški, Opuzen, Popovo Polje, Nikšić).

Answers to the questions from questionnaire 2. (related to local natural resources’ endangering are given in the chart)

C1 To what extent the following issues are putting in danger the local natural resources?

3,1 2,8 Climate change related threats 3,5 3,1 2,7 4 Threats to landscape (uncontrolled urbanism or industrial settlements etc…) 3,3 3,1 2,8 2 Threats to biodiversity (fauna, flora) 2,7 2,6 1,7 2 Industrial pollutions (air pollution, mining residues, etc..) 2 1,9 2,9 2,2 Agricultural pollution due to plant protection products, fertilizers 3,4 2,9 3 4 Solid waste management 3,3 3,3 2,6 3,5 Waste water management 2,7 2,8

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 B&H MNE CRO Average

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Along all boundaries, people are faced with similar challenges in order to assure balanced socio- economic development, and, at the same time, to preserve the natural and cultural heritage, as well as meet the European requirements for environmental protection. Lack of coordinated activities is present on each side of borders in sense of environmental protection and promotion of sustainable development. That picture is partially changing thanks to IPA CBC programs, and it stimulates common development of cross-border areas through different activities (spreading of special protected areas, systems for visitors' informing, exchange programs, development of computer systems, and public- private partnerships in nature protection).

Stakeholders’ opinion on key issues related to natural resources in Region “KRŠ” is given in the chart – Answers to from Questionnaire 3.

C10 What are currently the key issues related to natural resources for the sustainable development of your municipality?

Cross-border co-operation of local authorities 2 11 4 2

Co-operation amongst local authorities on your side of the 6 7 5 2 border

Unsatisfactory implementation and enforcement of the legal 8 10 2 framework

Inefficient Legal framework 7 10 1 3

Lack of public awareness of endangerments to natural 11 9 1 resources

Availability of statistical data on natural resources 2 11 6 1

A huge problem A problem Not a problem Don’t know 0 5 10 15 20 25

Forest fires are the strongest enemy of natural heritage, particularly of the specific and lush vegetation in certain areas on the coastal and continental part. Areas of the states' borderlines themselves are mountainous, barely accessible, with a small number of fire-fighting roads; therefore damages from fires are extremely big. It is necessary to provide an entire system of fire-fighting roads and technical conditions in order to minimize the fire risk. At certain cases of fire, fire fighting units from both sides of the border have acted in joint and coordinated manner.

4.2 HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE One very important characteristic of the Region “KRŠ” is its richness in cultural heritage, both in the coastal and the inland region.

Region “KRŠ” possess diverse cultural heritage, since the history itself on these areas was created under the influence of different cultures, from western to eastern ones, even by barbarians. The region has impressive number of archaeological sites, sacral facilities, traditional manifestations and valuable museum collections.

32 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

In that sense, the tourist products of the region could be considered thematically upon historical periods: prehistory (Neum, Stolac, Župa dubrovačka, Nikšić), Illyrian period (Stolac), Antic, Roman, Medieval, Ottoman, Venetian, up to recent history. From those periods there are different types of facilities and localities; from prehistoric caves with drawings, archaeological sites of Illyrians and Romans, monumental medieval tombstones called “stećci” and agglomerates from the Roman and Medieval period, fortresses and towers from the Medieval and Ottoman period, sacral facilities from various historical periods, as well as entire urban old towns (Dubrovnik, Kotor, Risan).

Answers to Questionnaire 4. Related to cultural potentials for local development in municipalities and cities of Region “KRŠ” are given in chart 14.

C12 As how relevant do you consider the following cultural resources for local development in your municipality, both in terms of their current and potential utilization?

B&H MNE CRO Average Close to major transit routes, 4,4

Traditional cultural events (a festival, etc.), 4,3

The specific architecture, ambience, 4,3

Historical monuments, 4,2

Hunting grounds, 3,8

Excursions, nature parks, 4,4

Local food and drink, 4,8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Traditional crafts are partially and randomly protected. Traditional trades, which are still relevant are mainly from the area of gastronomy: production of home-made ham, cheese, wine, brandy, olive oil, jam, processing of herbs and beekeeping. Sericulture is typical for Ćilipi and Konavle valley. Non- material cultural heritage is a very important element of the traditional heritage, and it consists of: traditional dances and suits, melodies and klapa (choir) singing. There are traditional sport events in the region; however a very limited number of them are still ongoing (Nevesinjska olimpijada).

Unfortunately, there are very few institutions supporting and maintaining cultural development (B&H), and without sufficient material and financial funds for more significant work and contribution (Montenegro). Only the situation in Croatia is getting better thanks to the EU funds. Mostly, they are organized as Culture and Art institutions (KUD), folklore clubs, carnival clubs, ensembles, local music

33 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

orchestras, klape and drama clubs. Their role is primarily of a local character, and they promote cultural and historical tourist attractions, organize concerts, exhibitions, festivals, events, art events and ethno souvenir bazars.

Cross-border cooperation is pretty poor, organized primarily in the form of visits of organizations from one country to events organized in another country, and as offers for one-day excursion trips from top coastal destinations (Dubrovnik, Boka Kotorska, Neum) to some inland locations, most often visits to Trebinje, Mostar, Međugorje and vice versa. They have had an increase in intensity in the last 5-6 years, partially thanks to the cross-border programs, but also due to higher number of visits and faster tourism development caused by crises in Mediterranean.

Hercegovačka Gračanica. Trebinje

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5. ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AND POSSIBILITIES

5.1 INFRASTRUCTURE AND CONNECTIONS IN THE REGION The Region “KRŠ” has its own specificities primarily due to the relief, land morphology, plant covering, climatology that have had and will have influence on the infrastructure, both in certain municipalities and in the overall region.

The road network in the Region “KRŠ” is not developed enough. Only highway M17 from Sarajevo direction is of a higher quality, which joins the Adriatic highway in Opuzen and goes further to the south. Another two directions from the north connect the region with the continental part, the highway from Foča via Gacko to Trebinje, where it splits into two roads, one towards Dubrovnik and another towards Herceg Novi. The second road goes from Foča, via Nikšić to Kotor. The region inside is connected with two directions – a north one-Nevesinje-Gacko-Bileća-Trebinje-Nikšić, and a south one- Ljubuški- Čapljina-Stolac-Ljubinje-Ravno-Trebinje, where it links to the previous ones. The majority of these roads are in a very bad shape, with awkward turns, partly narrow, with low quality base materials and lots of road patches that slow down the circulation (traffic), particularly during the tourist season. Another problem are the inadequately organized transits through settlements, both inland and in the coastal areas (especially in the Boka Kotorska Bay). The traffic in that part has been improved by launching a ferryboat line between Tivat and Herceg Novi, herewith pressure on the inland area of the bay and Kotor has decreased. The networks of local and field roads in the border areas are worse, since they are not a priority on the national level, and request maintenance and filling, in particular after torrential rainfalls in spring and winter.

One of the burning issues are border crossings, where, due to low vehicles' transit, inadequate equipping etc., a few-hours long wait happen during the summer months. This situation is particularly prominent on the border crossings between B&H and Croatia - Doljani and Ivanjica, and between Montenegro and Croatia, at the border crossing Sutorina. An additional problem is the double border crossing Neum that, in practice, divides the Croatian coast into two parts and, because of that, has a very important role even out of season. Apart from these, between B&H and Croatia, there are also 8 border crossing points for local border traffic - 3 in the valley of Neretva and 5 in the coastal hinterland. Croatia has started construction of a bridge that will connect the Pelješac Peninsula with the mainland, and in that way, the entire Dubrovnik area with the rest of the country. The best border crossing between B&H and Croatia is Bijača in Ljubuški, since it is the place of states highways’ merging. The border crossings between B&H and Montenegro are better, and the traffic is lower. There are three border crossings on the main roads: Trebinje - Nikšić, Trebinje - Herceg Novi, Bileća - Nikšić.

The entire region has an adequate number of pump stations, car services and shops with vehicle parts, i.e. this service is at a satisfactory level. There are not enough parking places, bicycle and walking paths which is enormously important for safe movement and tourism development.

Furthermore, the traffic connection among the municipalities with bus lines is better near the coast and during high season, when there are more intercity and inter country lines towards the tourist centres. The worst situation in regard to local traffic is in B&H, particularly in the east continental part.

The railway network serves primarily for the needs of goods traffic, when it comes to passenger traffic it does not have the same importance as before, when there were direct lines Ploče - Beograd

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and further to the north, and Ploče - Zagreb towards Frankfurt. There is a similar situation in the other direction, in Montenegro. For a few years there has been an initiative to rebuild the railway road Čapljina - Nikšić, via Trebinje, that would partially use the route of „ćiro“, a narrow-gauge railway. The Region “KRŠ” has very good airplane traffic, since the airports Ćilipi and Tivat are located in the area itself, as well as the sports airport in Nikšić. In close vicinity there is an airport in Mostar, and a bit further there are the airports in Split, Sarajevo and Podgorica. This means that there are great conditions for development of destination tourism, even though most of the flights are seasonal ones and, in a great number, they are charter flights. The Airport in Ćilipi has pretty enough regular lines that are intensified during high season, particularly in sense of connecting with respective tourist markets. There is a similar situation is with the airport Tivat as well, which also has more flights during high season.

Maritime traffic in ports is mostly used for goods traffic. The traffic between municipalities is of local character, more pronounced during the summer, when there is a higher number of regular lines that connect Croatia and Italia, as well as the south of Dalmatia with the north. The Ploče port and Dubrovnik connect the Pelješac Peninsula and the islands in that part of Adriatic with ferry-boats. In Boka Kotorska maritime traffic is local, similarly to Croatia, more intensive in summer, when there is also a higher number of cruisers. The Cargo Port Metković on Neretva river has retracted 18 km deep in territory, and is navigable for boats with shallow draught.

The electricity supply in the Neretva region is partially at a satisfactory level. There is a link between the countries again, since certain hydro power plants and infrastructure for energy distribution were built before 1991, thus there is still coordination in the managing of those facilities. Many settlements in this area of the region still have problems with the electricity supply due to the existence of old substations with insufficient capacity, overhead lines with insufficient cross-sections and bad earthing. Certain settlements do not even have electricity in their households. Those are abandoned areas (villages) where just a few older returnees live (B&H). During the summer months, especially in the last few years, problems occur in the coastal area due to the uncontrolled construction of private tourist capacities, all equipped with air condition systems, that the current power-supply infrastructure cannot support. Almost all households have electricity supply, but in mountain areas, during winters, outages are possible due to the big quantities of snow (municipalities Nevesinje, Gacko, Bileća and Nikšić). In the Mediterranean area such disruptions are possible due to winds of hurricane force – bura or jugo. In those cases the most endangered are older single households in secluded parts of the municipalities, where, with the assistance of emergency mountain rescue service, firemen, police and ambulance delivery of food and medicines is provided.

Popovo Polje, Bosnia and Herzegovina

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Stakeholders’ opinions on infrastructure situation (answers from Questionnaire 5a and 5b) are presented in the charts below.

C18 How do you assess the state of infrastructure in your municipality? Garbage collection, 3,6

Maintenance of infrastructure for flood protection, 3

Public transport, 2,4 Telecomunications, 2,4

Sewage network, 3,9 Water supply, 2,6

The pipeline, 3,3

Electrical supply (including electricity and Local roads, 2,5 quality), 3,7 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5

B&H CRO MNE Average

Drinking water in the continental part of the Region “KRŠ” is mostly of satisfactory quality, but a big part of region has not been covered with a water supply system. In the majority of urban areas pipelines are in a very bad condition, thus losses of water are rather high and going up even to 50% in some systems. Certain settlements in the continental part have systems for water supply of a lower capacity, while the other still use traditional methods for water supply such as wells, boreholes for water collection. That is one of the limiting factors for development of agriculture and cattle breading, and could be a limiting factor for tourism development in the inland area as well. As this area is rich in rainfall, but at the same time also with porous land, there are a lot of underground water flows that can be used for a better quality water supply. This is subject of discussions with regard to the realization of the project Gornji Horizonti that had been drafted in 70s of the previous century, and was recently nowadays in RS. The coast is more scant, even in comparison to Yugoslav times; there are some water systems that supply the coastal places. Maintenance of these systems became difficult with the establishing of new states, thus their upgrade and extending was stopped. Some Croatian municipalities and settlements got water from sources that are located in B&H (Metković, Slano, and Ston). On principle, sources on the coast that supply water systems, have water with origin in B&H.

In regard to the sewage system and drainage, the situation is extremely bad, which means it is not satisfactory on the entire area of the Region “KRŠ”. In the Municipality of Zažablje there is no sewage system at all and the problem is resolved mainly by the construction of septic tanks, which pose both an ecological and sanitary problem. There is regional sewage system Neum – Ston - open sea.

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The Municipality of Kotor along with Tivat have constructed drainage for waste water to the open sea. Septic tanks are in usage in a larger part of the region, since only urban parts of municipalities are covered with a waste dump system. Most of the pipelines are in a very bad condition, because those are concrete pipes which have undergone damage axially due to radial movements and land subsidence and serious inclinations and require reconstruction. Furthermore, there are direct waste pipes going to the rivers and sea which is the reason why aquatrons (water purifiers) should be constructed.

The system for solid waste management is based on collection, transport and disposal of solid waste that, on municipal level, is being conducted by the public communal service. Solid waste is being taken to waste dumps that, very often, do not meet the minimal hygienic or sanitary standards. In the area of municipalities from Croatia there are three waste dumps, part of the settlement from D. Primorje is transporting their waste to Neum. As well, Čitluk drive their waste to the landfill in Mostar. Those waste dumps are potential ecological bombs considering the terrain morphology and the significant amounts of rainfall and the underground network of the rivers. Waste processing, such as compression, recycling, incineration etc., is very badly organized or not organized at all. That is a big problem for places that are neighbouring, as the opening of any new landfills causes complaints of the inhabitants. The situation is very similar in all municipalities in the region. Croatia, after its accession into the EU, has accepted the legal regulations related to waste management, and there is plan about a regional centre for collection, processing, and recycling of solid dump in the municipality Dubrovačko Primorje in Croatia. The capacities will be so big that it will be possible to receive waste from B&H municipalities having in mind that the issue of border transit of that type of waste should be defined beforehand.

Land (fixed) telephony has lost a lot on its importance, particularly for rural areas since mobile telephones’ technology and coverage have been improved and service prices reduced. The situation with the wireless transfer of information is similar; there are more and more providers of those services. With further development and improvement of the optical cables’ network, especially inside of the region, better wireless transfer of information will be provided in rural areas. This is especially important regarding tourism development, since now the most uncovered areas are those on mountains, populated by a lower number of elderly people , then in areas close to the borders that are hilly and rarely inhabited, and therefore the operators do not have interest in setting up in those areas. Most of the providers are big corporations in private ownership or states own just small part of them, therefore market match exists, primarily inside of states, while between countries there are still valid roaming prices. However, the prices of these services are higher than in the EU.

The big majority of infrastructural facilities such as roads, electricity, phone, broad band internet, water supply and waste management require a physical connection to each residential space, so the costs for connection of facilities that are far away are significantly higher.

5.2 EMPLOYMENT Employment is one of the basic elements for life quality. Parts of the Region “KRŠ” were going through a transitional period, as along with their countries. During the last 25 years the following factors, each in its own way, have influenced the economy and employment:

• breakup of the former common country and breaking of production chains; • war conflict, • bad and inadequate privatization, • openness of the market • inadequate development policies, • world crisis.

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In addition to these common factors, specific factors such as the remote and rural nature of most of the region also had major impact. The distance of the border region from the center of major cities makes it relatively unattractive for FDI.

Chart 13. Unemployment rate in the Region “KRŠ”

Unemployment rate 2,50 2,17

2,00

1,50

1,00 0,85

0,52 0,53 0,50 0,40 0,35 0,36 0,38 0,30 0,24 0,20 0,36 0,29 0,16 0,18 0,12 0,12 0,13 0,11 0,14 0,00

Source: Statistical Yearbooks

On the local level, it is visible that there are significant differences in the level of unemployment (proportion between employed and those searching for job) between cities and municipalities in Region “KRŠ”. The highest unemployment rate of 2,17 was registered in the municipality of Janjin Stolac, while that rate is 0,84 in Čapljina, the next is the group between 0,2 and 0,55- LAG Neretva, Nikšić, Ljubinje, Neum, Bileća, Berkovići, Nevesinje, Čitluk, Ravno and Ljubuški. The most favourable situation is in Herceg Novi, Dubrovačko Primorje, Župadubrovačka, Konavle, Gacko, Kotor and Trebinje where the rate amounts from 0,11 to 0,18.

Chart 14. Employment of population in the Region “KRŠ” The employment rate

50,8 Ljubuški 25,2 43,1 Stolac 9,8 44,2 Ravno 6,6 41,3 Neum 33,5 54,2 Čitluk 52,1 53,4 Čapljina 22,6 43,5 Tivat 41,6 47,5 Nikšić 28,0 44,4 Kotor 43,9 47,5 Herceg Novi 49,4 51,0 Konavle 59,4 45,1 Ž.dubrovačka 60,8 70,7 D.primorje 56,6 65,7 LAG Neretva 47,7

0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0

Rate of addiction The employment rate

Source: Statistical Yearbooks

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By comparing two more rates (presented in chart 14) a difference can be noted between certain micro locations in the Region “KRŠ” (without municipalities from RS). Those are the employment rate (proportion between employed and population of working age) and dependency ratio (proportion between employed and number of population that is under 16 and over 64). Lag Neretva, Ljubuški, Čapljina, Čitluk, and Dubrovačko Primorje with 70,7 have a dependence ratio of over 50. Neum has the lowest ratio of 41,3, while all other municipalities have up to 50.

When employment rate is in question, the lowest rate by far is in the e Municipalities of Ravno (6,6) and Stolac (9,8), the following group consists of those with rate from 22,3 to 44,9 and they are Čapljina, Ljubuški, Nikšić, Neum i Kotor. The group that has the highest employment rates is led by Lag Neretva (47,7), then Opuzen, Čitluk, Dubrovačko Primorje, Konavle to Župa dubrovačka with rate of 60,8. It is obvious that the coastal areas and parts in Neretva valley are the most developed, and it is easier to get employment, even though those areas are also far away from a normal employment rate that amounts to 27 in EU. Unemployment is most common amongst unskilled workers, older persons, and amongst young people and women, although there is a significant number of unemployed people with university degrees, particularly certain professions on the lists in employment bureaus. Regional distribution of unemployment is much diversified, with higher unemployment rate in rural micro environments where it generates serious social problems.

The proportion between women employment rate and total employment rate amounts from 29,55 to 51,9%. The Municipality of Ravno, as the municipality with very small population and undeveloped economy, has a portion of employed women lower that one third of the total number of employed persons. It is surprising that in the municipalities of Gacko and Nikšić the proportion of employed women is 33,69 and 35,7, primarily because of the industry structure in those municipalities (thermo power plant in Gacko and steel factory in Nikšić with supporting mines), where, more men are expected to be employed due to the nature of production. . To the contrary, in Kotor and Herceg Novi, the proportion of women, due to strong domination of tertiary activities (related to tourism, primarily) is over 50%.

Chart 15. Percentage of employed women in the Region “KRŠ”

% of employed women

Trebinje 46,85 Nevesinje 47,79 Ljubinje 44,57 Gacko 33,59 Bileća 47,40 Berkovići 42,54 Ljubuški 41,75 Stolac 46,23 Ravno 31,82 Neum 44,54 Čitluk 47,01 Čapljina 43,53 Tivat 45,63 Nikšić 41,24 Kotor 48,09 Herceg Novi 47,60 Konavle 45,15 Ž.dubrovačka 45,83 D.primorje 40,42 LAG Neretva 41,20 0,00 5,00 10,00 15,00 20,00 25,00 30,00 35,00 40,00 45,00 50,00

Source: Statistical Yearbooks

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The percentage of women’s participation in the total employment in most of the other municipalities is 40-48%.

During the period between 2010 and 2014, the total number of people employed in the Region “KRŠ” (there is no data for Croatia) has decreased, thus the number from 63.500 in 2010, went down to 60.200 in 2014. In the same period, the number of unemployed people increased by app 2000 persons, 1200 out of which are women.

Statistical data is given on an annual level, although during high season, the percentages and numbers of unemployed decrease, i.e. numbers of employed increase due to the seasonal character of agriculture and construction sectors, but also, the seasonal migration of labour force also increases. Many unemployed persons from RS get seasonal jobs on the Montenegrin coast and persons from FB&H on Croatian coast.

Chart 16. Total number of unemployed persons in the Region “KRŠ” for the period 2010-2014 The total number of unemployed, 2010-2014

Trebinje Nevesinje Ljubinje Gacko Bileća Berkovići Ljubuški Stolac Ravno Neum Čitluk Čapljina Tivat Nikšić Kotor Herceg Novi Konavle Ž.dubrovačka D.primorje LAG Neretva

0 500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500 4.000 4.500

LAG Ž.dub Herce D.pri Konav Čaplji Ljubu Berko Ljubin Neves Trebi Neret rovač g Kotor Nikšić Tivat Čitluk NeumRavnoStolac Bileća Gacko morje le na ški vići je inje nje va ka Novi 2010 2.823 84 439 441 1.139 971 3.997 800 2.469 2.085 347 33 2.143 2.096 80 557 483 176 597 1.377 2011 3.036 87 434 431 1.121 958 3.275 798 2.820 2.150 358 34 1.930 2.083 82 557 477 158 591 1.380 2012 3.256 89 444 456 1.278 1.022 3.390 807 2.988 2.294 403 30 2.051 1.197 82 613 512 161 576 1.375 2013 3.758 92 439 458 1.336 943 3.997 744 3.056 2.377 389 31 2.076 2.308 78 613 817 169 593 1.358 2014 3.742 86 415 458 1.432 875 4.197 808 3.253 2.405 379 34 2.106 2.587 78 586 487 165 599 1.283

Source: Statistical Yearbooks

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5.3 SECTORIAL DIVISION OF LOCAL ECONOMY As the methodology of data processing is different in all three countries, even in B&H there are three statistical agencies (two on entity and one on state level), the data presented in this chapter should be taken with a grain of salt. The tables with data on employment by sectors and number of economic entities by sectors have been attached to the Annex of this document. During field work, local representatives confirmed that, while preparing local strategies, they also faced the problem with this group of data. The problem is multiple – the number of legal entities is much higher that the real one, since they are in inactivity phase, that means not shut down. There is evident lack of communication between different subjects involved in the information supply, i.e. the municipal bodies in charge for economy do not have real data on certain economic entities, court bodies-municipal courts, then tax administration and statistical agency.

Most of the cities and municipalities are faced with serious war consequences, as well as serious economic and financial situation. The general level of economic development is very low compared to the average EU27, additionally caused by the world crisis in the last 6-8 years. The Region “KRŠ”, i.e. most of its municipalities are characterized with gross domestic product (GDP) that is lower than the state average, dominance of agriculture sector, lack of investments and insufficient capital of local companies. That includes high level of dependency of employment and incomes from agriculture, thus low representation of sectors that produce more additional value. The area does not enjoy economic or any advantages that come from internal investments in the same proportion as some parts of their domestic countries, particularly those in vicinity of bigger centres.

The table below presents the average GDP per inhabitant on the level of countries. It is noticeable that GDP in BiH and Montenegro are on a very similar level, but in Croatia it is three times higher. As well, it is visible that the GDP in those two countries is in permanent increase for the period 2010-2013, while in Croatia it is in permanent decrease. The explanation lies is Croatia’s economic structure that is completely different comparing to the other two. There are many more legal entities in the secondary and tertiary sectors; therefore they have better export results. For the same reasons, negative influences or world crisis have been more obvious.

Table 5. GDP per inhabitant in the Region “KRŠ” for period 2010-2014

GDP per capita in Euro 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.310 3.432 3.430 3.507 Montenegro 3.103 3.291 3.235 3.428 3.503 Croatia 10.191 10.453 10.300 10.225 10.157 Source: Statistical Yearbooks

Dubrovnik-Neretva county had a GDP of 9.807 in 2011, and in 2012 it amounted to 9.897 EUR which is very close to the state average. The data for the municipalities in B&H have been found, but differences upon years are too big. The data for Montenegro were not found during this research. Out of all 19 sectors upon national activities’ qualification, top three activities for municipalities are in the first nine sectors (signed with red font).

42 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Table 6 a. Economic sectors in the Region “KRŠ”

Lag Dub. Župa Herceg Sector Konavle Kotor Niksic Tivat Čapljina Neretva Primorje dubrovačka Novi A.Agriculture, forestry and 8 49 138 2 0 4 14 10 26 fishing B Mining and quarrying 0 28 0 0 2 5 8 1 7 C Manufacturing 194 12 9 42 122 52 178 35 115 D Electricity, gas, steam 1 7 and air-conditioning 0 1 1 production and supply 132 0 22 50 E Water supply, sewerage, 1 2 waste management and 2 0 4 remediation activities F Construction 359 34 57 245 210 84 117 53 41 G Wholesale and retail 263 414 trade; repair of motor 487 12 253 153 597 343 856 vehicles and motorcycles H Transport and storage 71 8 13 492 88 38 90 31 40 I Accommodation and food 129 176 6 36 189 420 301 109 90 services activities

Table 6b. Economic sectors in Region “KRŠ”

SectorSektori Čitluk Neum Ravno Stolac Ljubuški Berkovići Bileća Gacko Ljubinje Nevesinje Trebinje A.Agriculture, forestry and 11 4 10 29 41 3 7 4 18 11 24 fishing B Mining and 5 1 3 1 3 4 2 2 0 1 5 quarrying C Manufacturing 190 26 3 51 3 6 33 13 19 24 71 D Electricity, gas, steam and air- conditioning 3 0 1 13 141 4 1 4 0 3 14 production and supply E Water supply, sewerage, waste management and 3 2 1 1 6 1 7 3 4 3 3 remediation activities F Construction 58 17 7 12 80 1 8 8 4 9 54 G Wholesale and retail trade; repair 521 90 8 176 371 6 72 25 14 42 217 of motor vehicles and motorcycles H Transport and 131 2 0 18 119 4 15 5 3 5 16 storage I Accommodation and food services 446 147 8 91 41 0 4 2 1 2 15 activities

As it could be seen from tables, sector A (agriculture, forestry and fishing) as top three are represented in just three municipalities and that are two extremely small and rural municipalities (Ravno and Ljubinje), then in LAG Neretva where agriculture is maybe the most intensive compared to other municipalities. Most of agriculture producers are just registered and are not legal entities, except for the family farms (FF) in Croatia. Ore and stone extraction (B) occurred only in the Municipality of Dubrovačko Primorje, and were primarily stone processing. Activity C (processing activity) was noticed in most of the BiH municipalities and in LAG Neretva. In Nikšić, steel factory is the generator of the industry, and around it, other companies have developed. The energy industry is present in Ljubuški, although it is questionable what this figure includes. In a couple of municipalities this sector is very important, primarily in regard to the proportion of participation in GDP, due to the work of the hydro power

43 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

plants (Čapljina, Bileća, Trebinje, Konavle) and the thermo power plant in the Municipality of Gacko. Construction (F) prevails in the municipalities on the coast because of the permanent construction of new facilities, where investors are physical or legal persons. Activity G (trade) is the most represented activity, and it is not in the top 3 in only two municipalities in Croatia, while it is dominant in LAG Neretva and Župa Dubrovačka, all four municipalities in Montenegro, as well as 9 municipalities in B&H (exceptions are Berkovići, Ravno and Neum). Traffic and storage (H) is dominant in Ploče (port and railway), and in Čapljina (wholesale of agriculture products). Activity (I) hotel management and catering is amongst top 3 in the municipalities on the coast, then in Neum in FB&H, as is in Čitluk and the neighbouring municipalities of Čapljina and Stolac because of Međugorje, as destination for religious tourism.

Majority of productions and products is technologically obsolete, with low productivity, low grade of production, and small additional value. Some improvements exist, some companies within their activity have realized advantages of common presentation, and thus the following clusters have been organized on the area of BiH has been organized: Tourism cluster Herzegovina, Wood cluster, and Metal producing cluster in forming phase.

In order to take advantage of the regional competitive advantages related to the natural resources to a maximum stage, the economy structure of the Region “KRŠ” should be directed to creating as strong as possible connections between tourist activity on the coast and agriculture, by using of cultural heritage and nature beauties in continental part of the region. There are the best possibilities for self-employment of all categories of population that now are not able to find employment or are marginalized.

Apart from that, it is necessary to increase the usage and connections to some existing development holders that use natural resources (water, stone, food), as well as the existing infrastructure for transport and storage (ports, railway, highway). Directing to those industry groups will allow specialization in accordance with the competitive advantages, and accordingly increase the competiveness of the Region “KRŠ”. In order to increase the competiveness, the productivity should be increased via increasing the investments in research and development, innovations, use of new technologies, spreading the cooperation with science institutions in the region and neighbourhood, connecting with partners and foreign investors, to ensure access to foreign markets. That means that additional efforts should be made into activities J (computer science and telecommunications) and M (professional, science and technical activities). Moreover, one of the prerequisites should be labour market transition, meaning that one should ensure opportunities for life-lasting education of employees, requalification of unemployed ones, development of professional associations, chambers, networks and clusters that would connect producers, allow development of brands, and guarantee implementation of the international standards.

The employment rate in the service industry is very poor, and most of the employees work in the public sector financed directly from the budget (local administration, health, education, police, and army) whose number very often seriously exceeds the real requirements, followed, at the same time, by a very inadequate level of service. That results in economic backwardness, dependence on employment in the public sector, and lack of entrepreneurship initiative. Additional explanation can be reached by considering the number of employees by certain sector and their total proportion in employment. Unfortunately, the data from FB&H have not been available, and here are data from the other 16 municipalities and cities.

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Table 7. Employment in the Region “KRŠ” per sectors

Number of Sector Participation employed A Agriculture, forestry and fishing 1.520 2,2% B Mining and quarrying 1.192 1,7% C Manufacturing 8.033 11,8% D Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning production and supply 3.280 4,8% E Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation 1.853 2,7% activities F Construction 3.761 5,5% G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and 12.189 17,8% motorcycles H Transport and storage 5.927 8,7% I Accommodation and food services activities 5.208 7,6% J Information and communication 938 1,4% K Financial and insurance activities 1.175 1,7% L Real estate activities 189 0,3% M Professional, scientific and tehnical activities 1.813 2,7% N Administrative and support service activities 1.517 2,2% O Public administration and defense; compulsory social security 6.637 9,7% P Education 5.383 7,9% Q Human health and social work activities 4.741 6,9% R Arts, entertainment and recreation 1.496 2,2% S Other service activities 1.439 2,1% 68.291 100%

Source: Statistical yearbooks and own calculation

The first 9 activities employ 62,8 % of the total number of employed persons, 17,8 % out of which in trade (G), and just 2,2 % in agriculture. The reason is the unregulated employment and status of agriculture producers. Proportion of employment in activities from M to S is 33,7 %, and most of them are budget beneficiaries.

5.4 LAND USAGE AND AGRICULTURE „Sustainable development includes the management and conservation of the natural resources, and the orientation of technological and institutional changes in such a manner as to ensure the attainment and continued satisfaction of human needs for present and future generations in order to conserve land, water, plant and animal genetic resources, as environmentally non-degrading, technically appropriate, economically viable and socially acceptable”. (FAO Council, 1989).

Land is a limited nature resource and its primary function is production of food and raw materials. Finding methods how to protect all more valuable lands would be of significant importance, and numerous interested parties need to be directed to soils/lands of lower quality, particularly due to the

45 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

limited resources of the highest quality land in the Region “KRŠ”.

The area of the Region “KRŠ” is characterized with relief that is mostly highland with limited conditions for rational and sustainable agriculture production. That is the reason why agriculture is developed only in the valleys of Neretva and Trebišnjica, and some in the karst fields. The area is characterized with terrain gradually declining from high Herzegovinian and Montenegrin mountains in the hinterland towards the direction of Neretva river and the Adriatic coast.

This area has a big surface under forests, but unlike in the continental part, the forests here are low and degraded and have economic value only as firewood for the local population, without strong industrial benefit. Exceptions are a couple of municipalities in east Herzegovina (Nevesinje, Gacko), and Nikšić in Montenegro with high forests and more developed wood industry.

Primary production mostly dominates in the entire region, and market production is of importance only in several productions at a few micro localities (tangerine production in Neretva value, partially in productions of wine, vegetables and fruits, milk and cheese). The balance between production and consumption itself is such that only few manufacturers secure sufficient food quantities, while major product quantities are imported. Total exchange of agriculture-food products is on the side of import at all levels in all three countries.

Table 8. Employment in agriculture sector Nuber of Number of Number of Sector % % employee per employee company company A.Agriculture, forestry and fishing 1.520 2,2% 324 2,1% 4,7

Extract from Table 3

The entire area of the Region “KRŠ”is relatively rich in agricultural land, therefore the agricultural sector employs a high number of persons. On the other hand, the percentage of agricultural production in the total GDP is low, which points to the significant problems of this sector. A part of the problem is that the majority of vegetables and a part of the animal production ends in fresh condition, without additional processing and finalization. There is a very small group of these processed products. Some of the processing companies were destroyed during the war and some by bad privatization after the war. The food processing industry has a very bad structure with regards to quantity. A bigger number of companies employ a smaller number of workers. The disadvantaged structure of companies and bad technical equipping negatively influence the competiveness of the food industry and low level of compliance with international normatives and standards.

Apart from the small dimensions of agriculture farms and small average size of land parcels, the main problems are the low education level of population at agricultural farms, outdated assortment, low productivity, as well as the high portion of farmers hired on part-time basis, weak marketing organization for products from agricultural farms, lack of rural and agriculture advisory service requested for managing of rural areas. A significant number of agriculture producers work just for their own needs, thus avoiding pure poverty, but also staying out of registered economic flows (this is especially typical for parts in B&H).

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Chart 17. Portion of cultivated land in overall agricultural land in %

Cultivated land / Total agricultural land

0,80 0,77

0,70 0,65

0,60 0,51 0,50 0,46 0,40 0,37 0,38 0,40 0,35 0,34 0,33 0,33

0,30 0,23 0,20 0,19 0,17 0,20 0,15 0,15 0,16 0,14

0,10 0,05

0,00

Source: Statistical Yearbooks

It is characteristic that there is still a lot of really high quality land that is not in use, rural parts have been abandoned; owners are in urban centres or live out of the country and have no interest to initiate production. Furthermore, one of the problems is that a large part of them do not want to lease their land, which, paired with the issue of big number of parcels per farm, disables certain agriculture producers from intensifying their productions. The Municipality of Ravno has launched a pilot project of landscaping through a decreasing number of parcels, and in one part of Popovo polje, at surface of 101 ha, the number of parcels has been decreased from 744 to 300.

An important issue in food production is that there is a bigger portion of primary production than that of the food processing sector. It points out to the fact of low level of finalization of agricultural products, i.e. a significant proportion of the population’s self-supply for their own needs and significant placement of agriculture products via unregistered chains for selling.

The statistics for this area is either unavailable or statistically incompatible or incorrect, thereby the information has been collected during 25 years of experience and field work in this area.

5.4.1 Plant production The production of fruits and vegetables at open surfaces prevails in the Neretva valley, and production in greenhouses and conservatories is becoming more and more important. In this area, and in the coastal zone, due to favourable climate conditions, particularly warmth, vegetation starts and fruits ripen earlier. Because of that, the domestic market can be supplied with early fruits and vegetables, and some remain for import to foreign markets in the middle and north Europe. Having in mind the seasonal character of fruit and vegetable production, the lack of capacities for storage, preservation and preparation of fruits are the main limitation factor for expansion of this production in the Region “KRŠ”.

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The production of tangerines, watermelons and vegetable plants prevail on ameliorated land on the fields in delta of the Neretva river in Croatia. Tangerine is a species that has recently got geographical indication in EU. Čapljina and Ljubuški have got significant surfaces under greenhouses, thus, apart from Stolac, the production of stone-fruits dominates this region. In the rest of the continental part of B&H (Ravno, Nevesinje, Ljubinje, Trebinje), and in the Nikšić Municipality there are a lot of surfaces under apples, pears, plums, and vegetables (potato, onion). In the coastal part, in all three countries, the leading production is olive-growing. Unused potential in the production of figs and pomegranates, and in the continental part in the production of berries exists in fruit growing. The plantation system of growing is very limited, particularly when it comes to Mediterranean fruits, the same as it is limited to pure commercial work in fruit sector. Fruit production is a side, ancillary activity within mixed family farms.

Chart 18 shows the production in each B&H municipality, but more as an example of problems in collecting statistical data, than from the point of production quantity, since the produced quantities are bigger in reality than those presented. The example is apple production, where the quantities are real, because indicators were obtained from big plantations that were registered as legal entities. The collection of data from middle and small plantations is inadequate.

Chart 18. Fruit production in B&H, part of the Region “KRŠ” in 2014 Fruits production in tons ,B&H 2014

Trebinje Nevesinje Ljubinje Gacko Bileća Berkovići Ljubuški Stolac Ravno Neum Čitluk Čapljina

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Čapljina Čitluk Neum Ravno Stolac Ljubuški Berkovići Bileća Gacko Ljubinje Nevesinje Trebinje Apple 1518 10 1 2000 200 87 16 10 8 45 31 838 Pears 315 10 0 0 435 13 17 7 1 1 15 9 Plums 315 7 0 0 0 10 68 48 2 2 30 12 Cherry 152 23 5 0 600 124 50 76 1 440 0 54

Source: Statistical Yearbooks

Crop production is negligible and mostly used for own needs and as food for animals. The most important product is potato, while the market demands new potatoes which is also an export oriented product, produced in the municipalities of Čitluk, Čapljina and Ljubuški. The Municipality of Ljubuški is trying to protect and brand it.

48 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Chart 19. Production of arable crops in B&H, part of the Region “KRŠ” in 2014

Crop productions in tones ,B&H 2014

Trebinje Nevesinje Ljubinje Gacko Bileća Berkovići Ljubuški Stolac Ravno Neum Čitluk Čapljina 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 Čapljina Čitluk Neum Ravno Stolac Ljubuški Berkovići Bileća Gacko Ljubinje Nevesinje Trebinje Wheat 12 120 210 120 285 432 150 84 252 41 690 80 Maize 25 170 59 0 105 784 45 37 0 4 0 120 Barley 15 100 292 120 135 368 70 51 146 54 521 39 Potato 7750 4800 390 490 2850 6300 400 1.322 189 560 7.813 1.530

Source: Statistical Yearbooks

Almost the whole region is a vine growing area, except Nikšić, Gacko, Bileća and Nevesinje. Wine sorts prevail, even though there are plantations with table grapes as well. There are more and more wineries using biological potential of autochthonous species and constantly increasing wine quality, primarily through placement for tourist needs and for strengthening of tourist supply, and in smaller volume for export. In this sector, the entrepreneurial spirit is very intensive.

Unfortunately, natural resources are not being used sufficiently, particularly big amounts of water that could be used for intensifying the vegetable and fruit production, through construction of modern irrigation systems.

In recent years, the sector of herbs has got increased importance and from an extensive and side activity (collection of wild plants) it has become more intensive product due to plantation, primarily in the part of the region with Mediterranean climate. It is typical for all three countries, and lavender and immortelle production prevails.

Organic production has become more and more important In the entire region, but the number of farms is still small, and there are problems with the product quantities and distribution. In any case, this type of production is very important and could be one of the possibilities for improving the situation in rural areas by connecting them with urban areas and tourist destinations. As organic agriculture is a sustainable form of agriculture production, it promotes and improves biodiversity, biological cycles and biological land activity. It has been based on minimal usage of chemical materials out of farm and on methods that recover, maintain and increase environmental harmony. 5.4.2 Animal production Because of the areas that are under meadows and pastures in the Region “KRŠ”, cattle breeding has a huge potential. Unfortunately, that sector has lost its importance over the last 25 years. Certain

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municipalities, on a higher altitudes, fulfil all preconditions and nowadays cattle breeding presents an important activity of the local population. Those municipalities are Nevesinje, Gacko, Bileća and Nikšić where cattle (beef) production could be organized, but also all other types of production; even municipalities on the coast are suitable for sheep and goat mini farms. Cattle breeding provides highly valuable food and employs labour during the whole year. It is one of the most labour intensive productions, significantly increasing the income of agriculture farms. In hilly-mountain zones, it is practically the only economically effective approach for exploitation of existing agricultural land and an important condition for demographic area coverage. Milk and meat productions are strategic agriculture sectors, and their autochthonous products, various types of cheeses and cream, are the segment to which special attention should be paid. Apart from that, goat-breeding and sheep- breeding require controlled grazing thus preventing setting and spreading fires in a way that sheep graze small vegetation and goats both, small and middle vegetation that is typical in the biggest part of the Region “KRŠ”.

Pig farming is primarily developed for household needs, there is a very limited number of farms with couple of hundreds animals. The production for fattening is not profitable due to the impossibility of production of own food for that purpose. Therefore, even for needs of meat drying and production of other well-known meat products (Dalmatian and Njeguš smoked ham) hams are being imported or purchased in Slavonia (Croatia).

Poultry is randomly developed in the whole region in a form of small family farms with couple thousands animals for production of eggs or meat. Only Ljubinje has stronger concentration of this production, there is a factory for food production, 3 more important farms with a few thousands animals, and partially developed cooperative relation for chicken fattening.

The entire Region “KRŠ” has favourable conditions and tradition in bee-keeping, production of honey and other bee products. Bee keeping also has a very important direct role in agricultural and wild plants’ pollination. In general, individual bee keepers prevail with smaller number of bee hives, and very limited number has been registered. The advantage is that, in almost all municipalities, associations have been organized and, in that way, members’ education has been organized along with professional excursions etc. Consuming is mostly at local level, bee keepers do not have the need to export, since price of honey is twice as expensive at local market than for export, having in mind that honey has been categorized as a medicine and not as food.

Fishing has an important role in municipalities on the coast, where, apart from fishing, cage fishing and sea shell production have been organized. Leading municipalities are Neum, Dubrovačko Primorje, Kotor, Ploče, Konavle. The production of fresh-water fish is sporadic on water flows (Ljubuški, Nikšić, Trebinje), and cave fishing on Bilećko lake. 5.4.3 Agricultural environment Agricultural environment (ambience) is different in each country; moreover, in the last decade it was in close relation with the position of each country to EU accession. In regard to resources and importance, Croatia has adopted all requested strategic documents a long time ago, and has ensured all needed funds for supporting agriculture and rural development. In regard to the pace of implementation of all other reforms, Croatia uses EU funds in a good proportion in the last 10 years; possibilities have particularly been raised with EU accession of Croatia and availability of structural funds. Montenegro has accelerated its reforms in the last couple of years, and have access to IPARD funds. The situation is the worst in B&H, which is seriously late with reforms, thus primarily uses its own limited financial resources and funds of international support.

At the local level, support has been different and depends on economic position of each municipality,

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and it is more of social character and for subvention of interests.

Public professional agriculture service has been organized in a many various ways. The worst situation is in FB&H municipalities, a bit better in RS. Montenegro is more intensively developing that service, while Croatia performs according to the European standards and has strong and quality professional service that is able to meet the requirements of beneficiaries and modern agriculture production. Moreover, B&H started with private agriculture service, primarily through work of nongovernmental sector, and in some cooperatives and private companies.

Veterinarian service has largely improved, it covers the entire region, except that in FB&H municipalities it is not technically equipped properly.

Unfortunately, the banking sector does not follow this sector either, since the current interests are too high for such productions with small capital turnover. Only the Croatian Bank for Reconstruction and Development in Croatia has special lines to support agriculture and food production.

Chart 20. Number of agriculture cooperatives in Region “KRŠ”

Agriculture cooperative 14

12 12

10

8

6

4 5 5 4

2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0

Source: Strategic documents and official web sites

Associations of agriculture producers exist in all municipalities in the Region “KRŠ”, but, generally speaking, they act locally, they are not associated into unions, chambers, clusters; they have weak human potentials and cannot respond to the requirements of their beneficiaries. The same situation is with agriculture cooperatives, which due to different agriculture policies, absence of producers’ interest and negative context of the cooperative concept as a residue from socialism, have neither the role nor the quality they are supposed to have in the development of agricultural production and rural areas. There are 50 registered agriculture cooperatives in the region. Most of them are in B&H- 30, although they do not work with the same intensity and capacities (physical and human). In Montenegro there are 4, and in Croatia 13. Defenders’ cooperatives that have got support of specialized ministries are present in Croatia and B&H.

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5.5 TOURISM SECTOR Due to its geographical position, where one part of the territory is located on the coast and is in full tourist development; the second, western, continental is intensively developing, and central and eastern continental parts have unique, but unused tourist potential, the whole region can be considered as a very interesting tourist destination. The statistical data once again are not complete, partially due to unavailability, partially due to differences that are too big, so analyses have been made on the basis of available data, interviews, insight in other documentation.

Table 9. Employment in the tourism sector in Region “KRŠ”

Nuber of Number of Number of Sector % % employee per employee company company I Accommodation and food services 14,5 5.208 7,6% 2.285 2,3 activities % Extract from Table 3

The current situation is that there are three areas with different a situation in the tourism sector. The most developed is the southern part where Neum in B&H, Ploče, Dubrovačko Primorje, Župa dubrovačka and Konavle in Croatia are located, along with Herceg Novi, Tivat and Kotor in Montenegro. Tradition and tourism development in this area have been intensive for the last 40 years, primarily because of Dubrovnik and Kotor which, as cultural heritage, have been protected by UNESCO.

The second part, according to level of development, is the one in Neretva valley and its close surroundings in the area of Metković in Croatia, Čitluk, Čapljina and Ljubuški in B&H. In that area, tourism is influenced by the vicinity of Mostar, whose Old Town (Stari grad) with the Old Bridge (Stari most) are protected by UNESCO; and Međugorje, world-wide known religious place in the Municipality of Čitluk.

The most important accommodation capacities are located south of Dubrovnik. In any case, the extremely big number of accommodation capacities and tourists in Dubrovnik must not be disregarded. Tourists are increasingly leaving the city nucleus and visit interesting destinations in surrounding area, on the basis of daily excursions. Kotor and Dubrovnik every year have got more and more tourists coming from cruisers that, apart from the city centre, also pay visits to the destinations in the vicinity. During these visits, both city centres are practically endangered, since their town-planning configuration was not designed for such a big amount of people and it directly endangers the cultural heritage. Apart from that, the surrounding city infrastructure has not been adapted, and it has become a real attack on the functioning of cities themselves. Also, some of the tourists do not feel comfortable. This is a good opportunity to offer additional daily content in the rural area of the region to tourists that stay for more days.

Accommodation structure is different, according to the number of certain accommodation capacities and categories within them. The number of accommodation units in the private sector is even bigger, because a big part of those are unregistered and work „on the black market“. As a result of tourists' requirements and market fight, quality of equipping of accommodations and level of service has been constantly increasing in the last year.

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Chart 21. Number of tourist facilities in the Region “KRŠ” Tourist accommodation facilities

Trebinje Nevesinje Ljubinje Gacko Bileća Berkovići Ljubuški Stolac Ravno Neum Čitluk Čapljina Tivat Nikšić Kotor H.Novi Konavle Ž.dubrovačka D.primorje LAG Neretva 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

LAG D.pri Ž.du Nev KonaH.No Koto Nikši Čaplj Čitlu Neu RavnStola Ljub Berk Bileć Gack Ljubi Treb Nere morj brov Tivat esinj vle vi r ć ina k m o c uški ovići a o nje inje tva e ačka e Hotel 10 2 7 26 11 16 3 14 1 39 9 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 6 Motel,villa 11 10 21 58 18 12 2 19 3 51 1 0 2 3 0 1 4 0 1 6 Apartmans 128 46 126 181 185 264 12 327 10 36 34 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 35

Hotel Motel,villa Apartmans

Source: Statistical Yearbooks, Tourist organization,Strategic documents

In accordance to current importance, the second area is Neretva valley, and the leading municipality is Čitluk, whereas neighbouring municipalities use the vicinity of Međugorje and Mostar and spread their offer to a greater extent. Exception is Trebinje that, in the last years, increasingly used its geographical position, since it is situated in the hinterland of the Adriatic coast, 30-40 km far away from Dubrovnik and Boka Kotorska Riviera. Trebinje has registered increasing number of accommodation capacities in the last decade, enriching its tourist offer and each year it has bigger number of tourists and overnights. According to the number of overnights, Nikšić can be mentioned, where, due to its size and importance, a big part of visitors are business people, and only some are tourists, even though in its vicinity there is a religious sanctuary , the of monastery Ostrog.

The biggest number of overnights is recorded in Herceg Novi and there is notable difference in number of foreign tourists and number of overnights that is 1:10 comparing to other municipalities in vicinity where that proportion is 1:5 to 1:6. The most reasonable explanation is the considerable number of guests from Serbia and B&H that are not registered as foreign ones, and there are a lot of them who

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own facilities for rent or accommodation.

In both these areas there is a huge number of cultural heritage facilities, ever since the period of early man to the important facilities from the beginning of 20th century. Moreover, during tourist season, different cultural events take place and there is more and more efforts put in increasing the extra services consumption (apart from accommodation, fees, insurance). Furthermore, the offer of sports on water has been enriched, as new shopping centres opened etc. All these have been followed with even more quality service and more diverse offer in restaurants.

In the rest of the region, the situation is completely different, as could be seen in chart.

In three municipalities there are no accommodation facilities, only Gacko has a hotel in the city centre, while motels have been placed on main road that from north via Foča, Gacko, Bileća, Trebinje drives to Adriatic coast. The highest numbers of guests in Gacko are business people in relation with the thermo power plant Gacko. These municipalities have big possibilities to make a big step forward in this sector, by designing tourist offers in their own areas, more quality marketing and better connection with the coast.

Chart 22. Review of total number of tourists and number of foreign tourists in Region “KRŠ”

Total number of nights The number of foreign tourists 1.800.000 200.000 1.635.874 177.982 1.600.000 180.000 1.400.000 160.000 140.000 1.200.000 120.000 1.000.000 102.799 100.000 800.000 80.000 71.673 580.126 600.000 56.286 439.026 60.000 367.563 40.030 400.000 287.312 40.000 28.925 29.344 191.145 160.244 15.813 200.000 20.000 10.524 36.011 4.842 0 0

Source: Statistical Yearbooks

Many tourist resources give opportunities for launching new forms of tourism for expanding the already highly developed tourism on the coast and in its hinterland. Hilly-mountain areas have got comparative advantages for fishing, hunting, mounting, cycling etc. Cultural tourism can be developed in urban centres based on the existing rich cultural heritage, and diversity of cultural events that take place throughout entire year. Possibilities for agro-tourism and ecotourism area are still being unused. Religious tourism in B&H and Montenegro is additional leverage for development of additional mutual tourist product. Recently, thanks to projects of cross-border cooperation, activity of some tourist agencies, and projects of certain international organizations, joint tours have been developed, where most of the time would be spent in more rural areas. Accommodation is still being organized in more developed destinations, while visits to rural parts would be based on daily visits and excursions.

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Chart 23. Number of tourist agencies in Region “KRŠ” Travel agencies 16 16 13 14 12 12 10 10 10 8 6 3 3 3 4 1 1 2 0

Source: Statistical Yearbooks, Tourist organization,Strategic documents

Some of the main obstacles for development of the tourist sector are bad tourist infrastructure (mostly in non-coastal areas), low level of marketing, insufficient exchange of information within the tourist industry, then common marketing and low level of networking of tourist operators and other sectors (agriculture in particular). Inadequate border crossings that slow down the traffic are a big obstacle for faster traffic on a daily basis. Especially problematic is the border crossing near Neum, both for transit traffic of tourists and for big number of daily tours from the coast towards Međugorje and Mostar. Unfortunately, the second route, going all the time with hinterland, Dubrovnik-Trebinje-Ljubinje- Stolac-Mostar, that used to be very frequent before the war, has been very rarely used nowadays.

The Region, considered as a unique area, is a destination with protected nature, cultural-historic and traditional values where a lot of possibilities for development of integrated tourist products are being opened. There are future plan for tourism development of the region as the Region “KRŠ” destination will systematically direct long-term and sustainable region’s tourist development and it suggests concrete projects achievable within a certain period that would connect the developed coastal area with the inland area. Base for development of new tourist products are:

• Rural life - autochthonous gastronomy and oenology • Archaeological sites, towers • Religious localities • Nature parks and ornithological reservations • Sea, lakes and rivers, mountains of the region • Cultural and sport events

The Region “KRŠ”, because of its vicinity to focal tourist destinations (Split-Dubrovnik-Međugorje- Mostar- Boko-Kotorska bay), as an attracting base, can enable creation of interesting thematic and adventure itinerary that could fulfil the gap in the market.

The realization dynamic of this latent market potential depends on the dynamic that holders of tourist development, in cooperation with other relevant institutions, can form destination’s essential tourist products. United and strategic managing, natural and cultural heritage, catering, sport and other infrastructure and other potential resources are the basic preconditions for creation of recognizable destination in the regional and European framework.

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5.6 OTHER SECTORS 5.6.1 Processing food industry Better finalization of agricultural products has not been developed in the Region “KRŠ”, although continuous increase was noted in the past few years. It is very important, because, apart from creating an additional value, it has been involving a few more economic activities (tourism, trade, transport, production of various types of packaging, production and maintenance of equipment, marketing etc.)

The baking industry is developed in most of the municipalities, mainly the ones with limited capacity that supply the local population. Flour milling industry exists in Bileća and Nikšić, but flour is being purchased mostly out of the region. Meat processing is present in each municipality, in the form of small butcheries for selling fresh meat to smaller meat processing capacities. There is no significant meat industry with recognizable range of products and brand. However, meat processing in a traditional way has been developing, primarily for needs of catering trade on the coast and ethno restaurants in the continental part. The most important products are: smoked ham (Dalmatian, Herzegovinian, Njeguš), various types of bacon and sausages.

There is similar situation in milk production as well. Milk factories exist only in Nevesinje, Čapljina, Bileća and Nikšić. They mostly produce pasteurized milk, yogurt, some types of cheese and creams for needs of the local population. More recently, production of cheese on farms is more often and presented with very quality cheese made of cow, sheep and goat milk. All three countries produce cheese from bellows, and the only difference is in the proportions of cow and sheep milk in it.

There are couple of facilities for drying and distillation for herb processing - Nevesinje, Ljubinje, Stolac, Ljubuški, Trebinje, Kotor, Metković. They have got various capacities and equipping quality, and some, like the modern drying facility in Nevesinje already have been waiting for start of work for 3-4 years.

Practically, there is no significant facility for fruit and vegetable processing, while oil refineries for olive oil producing are low capacities and dispersed along the coast. Only a couple of wineries with more significant capacities (former HEPOK wineries in Čitluk, Ljubuški and Stolac) exist in entire region and a bigger number of family wineries, whose production amounts from 20.000 to 800.000 l of wine. Many wineries, apart from wine, has been spreading a list of brandies (rakia) based on lozovača (grape rakia) (travarica-herbs in grape brandy; orahovača-walnut rakia; višnjevača-cherry rakia; medovača- honey rakia). The most recognizable brands are Nikšićko beer, biscuit factory Lasta in Čapljina and Swiss Lion (Takovo) in Trebinje.

Much stronger intensification of technological modernization is essential for raising competiveness that would result in growing economic efficiency and product quality. For sure, working on introduction of standards (ISO, HACCP) in production facilities, but also in raw-materials’ production (IP, GlobalGap) could be recommended, as well as implementation of products’ stronger control.

5.6.2 Forestry sector and wood processing Public companies manage forests in all three countries that are, in B&H, Forests Herceg Bosne and Forests Republika Srpska, branch office Trebinje. Forestry is responsibility of the Forestry Directorate in Montenegro, and the Public enterprise Croatia Forests with Šumarije (branch offices) in Metković and Dubrovnik in Croatia. Compared to other parts of their originating countries, those field units are small, since surfaces with cost-effective wood-pulp are very small. Their role is mostly maintenance of wood roads, fire prevention, forestation of bare lands and hillsides, as well as anti-erosive measures. Primary wood industry is developed only in couple of municipalities that possess economically

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effective forests (Nevesinje, Gacko, Nikšić) with sawmills for primary wood treatment and construction material production. There is only a limited number of companies/wood production plants that do windows and doors’ finalization for construction industry, but quantities are small and planned for local market. Primacy has been taken by production of veneered furniture, micro plants exist in the most of municipalities. Rural farms themselves and owners of private forests that use wood for their own needs in agriculture, construction, but mostly as firewood. Cases of unplanned logging (wood cut) are very often, since a lot of wood is being placed in urban and semi urban settlements. Altogether, the region is primarily producer of raw-materials.

Initiative for more intensive usage of available wood pulp, sawmill waste, furniture industry, plant and crops production in production of biomass, i.e. production of pellets and briquettes has been launched In an area of Herzegovina. This initiative has been launched by the Wood cluster of Herzegovina.

5.6.3 Energy This region has a great potential for production and distribution of electric energy. It is a responsibility of the public companies that manage hydro power plants (Capljina, Trebinje, Konavle) and the thermo power plant Gacko. The private sector that uses other resources of renewable energy is more and more active, there is facility for production of solar energy in Stolac, and a wind park has been built in the Municipality of Dubrovačko Polje, while the construction of another is in preparation phase. The companies for electricity distribution and relevant ministries have developed plans for increasing this sector. Most of initiatives have support from local authorities, while reactions are coming from non- governmental organization and inhabitants. Reasons for support from local authorities is the annual compensation that they get for usage of natural resources, and concerns are related to the ecology aspect. Currently, discussions are ongoing on the thermo power plant in Ploče, the mini hydro power plants on Neretva river and usage of upper water horizons in east Herzegovina.

Table 10. Employment in energetics in Region “KRŠ”

Number of Number of Nuber of employee Sector % % employee company per company D Electricity, gas, steam and air- 3.280 4,8% 268 1,7% 12,2 conditioning production and supply Extract from Table 3.

Above average possibilities of the hydro-energy potentials of the Region “KRŠ” are the strong sides of region, however, there are still unexploited possibilities for usage of sun and wind energy, even sea (energy of waves, finding sites of gas and petroleum) should not be ignored. Those resources mean significant potential for increasing energy production, and adequate system of its distribution could enable export of energy out of the country borders.

5.6.4 Metal processing industry An area in B&H and Nikšić used to be famous upon metal processing industry, while shipbuilding and sectors related to it were intensive on the coast. As a result of the division of Yugoslavia, war events and bad privatization, unfortunately, the importance of this sector has become annulled.

Table 11. Employment in the metal-processing industry in Region “KRŠ” Number of Number of Nuber of employee Sector % % employee company per company C Manufacturing 8.033 11,8% 1.093 6,9% 7,3 Extract from Table 3.

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In the last 10-15 years, the sector has being slowly recovering, on the basis of raw materials in close vicinity of the region – aluminum factories in Mostar and Podgorica, steel factory in Nikšić. This sector is rather complex, but in the most of the municipalities there are small and medium-sized companies that produce metal or aluminum joinery, metal goods, metal constructions, profiles and pipes, and collect and process metal secondary raw materials, do shipbuilding and ships’ repair.

The metal processing sector could be extremely export-oriented with better usage of business zones, supports for foreign and common investments, introduction of modern technologies and better-quality education or -requalification of labor force.

5.6.5 Construction This sector is very important in the entire region, since the coastal part is under constructions all the time and there are investments with intention of capacity expanding. That engages a part of population mostly with lower education degree and a whole group of vocational professions. Furthermore, as a result of this situation, to a great extent, seasonal migration of labor force is pronounced, and there is a similar situation in the tourism sector. The number of companies is high, and structure varies from small, craft ones to construction companies with a couple of hundreds of workers.

Table 12. Employment in construction sector in Region “KRŠ”

Sector Number of % Number of % Nuber of employee per employee company company F Construction 3.761 5,5% 1.208 7,7% 3,1 Extract from Table 3.

As interest for real estate in coastal municipalities, in Trebinje and around Međugorje has increased, this sector, particularly after the end of crisis in Europe, could be developed. If more significant investments are being involved in infrastructure and traffic, it would result with significant employment, thus intensified usage of natural construction materials in the region (wood, stone, sand…). Hence, the consequence would be an increase in real estate trade.

5.6.6 Trade, traffic and information and communications technology sector (ICT) Trade is, upon number of registered companies, one of the first sectors in all municipalities. The main reason is market openness and lack of goods from domestic production. The number of companies, anyhow, has been gradually decreasing due to the opening of big shopping centers in the business zones of big cities. The population from rural areas comes and increases the consumption in those municipalities, not their own.

Traffic sector has gone through a change in company structure, and instead of previously big ones, now there are more small and medium size companies for transport of goods and people. Decreased traffic of railways in B&H and Montenegro has given ground for more intensive development of those firms, especially due to the vicinity of ports Ploče, Kotor and Dubrovnik. Moreover, increased import of all types of goods has favored development of this sector.

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Table 13. Employment in trade, traffic and information and communications technology sector

Number of Number of Nuber of employee Sector % % employee company per company G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of 12.189 17,8% 4.631 29,4% 2,6 motor vehicles and motorcycles H Transport and storage 5.927 8,7% 1.173 7,4% 5,1 J. Information and communication 5.208 7,6% 2.285 14,5% 2,3

Extract from Table 3.

Information and communications sector is divided between big companies that provide services of telephone technology, mobile technology and internet, and smaller, private, very dynamic and innovative software companies. Introduction of optical cables has enable faster service and increase of turnover. Up to now, software companies were located in urban parts, primarily because of quality and speed of information exchange. ICT sector has a great potential both in urban and in rural parts, if conditions for information exchange are improved, that might attract even foreign companies to open their offices in the region or increase employment from home providing some type of services in this sector.

Traditional food preparation

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6. CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION AND INSTITUTIONAL POSSIBILITIES 6.1 HUMAN, LEGAL AND FINANCIAL POSSIBILITIES The number of employees in local administration goes from couple of employees (Zažablje, Ravno, Berkovići,) to 500 employees in Nikšić municipality. Municipal budgets depend on size and degree of development of municipality and amount from 500.000 EUR in Ravno to 23 million in Nikšić.

All this is followed by human potential in municipalities, that is different from one municipality to another, depending also on administration organization on the higher levels, and various agencies/ offices/departments that are in charge of certain sectors.

As per capacities again, cities and municipalities from Croatia are before municipalities from Montenegro, and even more before those from B&H. In the process of EU accession, additional institutional capacities have been developed on county levels, in order to meet requirements and absorb financial funds. Former policy of regional development in Croatia was primarily focused on local level that means cities and municipalities, even settlements. With the beginning of EU accession process, Croatia started redirection to the middle development level that means counties, which represent regional level in national context. One of the basic principles of regional and local development policy is principle of partnership, cooperation between public, private and civil sectors. This principle was included in the basic documents of Croatia for regional development, Strategy of national development, Law on regional development, LEADER program and other EU programs. Three LAGs were established on the county area, out of which one went out of work (LAG 2 that used to cover municipalities Konavle and Župa dubrovačka). Currently, new LAG strategies are in preparation process, since funds from LEADER program have been approved. Apart from these, on county level, there are also other strategies focused on certain activities, and Dunea, Development agency DNŽ is playing important role.

The municipalities in Montenegro, within their administrations, have special agencies for planning and development, and increasingly build quality partnerships with other sectors. They plan their own development as a result of municipal development strategies that are harmonized with the national ones. Montenegro accelerates their movements towards more and more EU, thus IPARD program has started as well.

The situation in B&H is the worst, the most diverse and the most difficult. Most of the municipalities have strategic documents for development, but the problem is in implementation, since only a small part has been implemented. Some municipalities (Čapljina, Bileća) are currently in phase of preparation of new strategies upon MiPRO methodology (UNDP), where involvement of local actors in strategy definition is much stronger. The Council of Ministers of B&H does not have any significant resources for development, there is no roof ministry for rural development and agriculture, nor national strategy for rural development and agriculture. Those fields are at the level of entities and Cantons (counties) in F B&H that have their own strategies.

In any case, capacities of employees in local administrations are rising up in past years, but inconsistently. Certain administrations have realized the importance of quality strategic approach. Because of the war that took place in this area, presence of international organizations that supported

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processes of transition, democracy strengthening, education and economic empowerment during last 20 years was very important. Their presence in the whole area was crucial until last few years, but nowadays it has been reducing. Reasons are multiple, from appearance of new crisis areas in the world, to improved situation in certain countries and their better position in EU accession process.

Table 14. Presence of international programs in the countries of the Region “KRŠ”

UNDP GiZ FAO WB SWG USAID EU JICA IFAD SIDA BiH X X X X X X X X X X Montenegro X X X X X X X X Croatia X X X X X

Source : Official web sites

Tables show that presence of international organizations is the most important in B&H and their presence is the lowest in Croatia that is EU member and use its available funds. Each of these organizations have their own orientations and develop programs of support to local communities and population, but also regional projects and programs, primarily in the sectors of rural development, tourism, agriculture, environment protection, renewable energy resources, increasing of employment etc.

6.2 Capacities for improvement of cross-border cooperation In the last years, as result of EU accession process, a significant cooperation between relevant institutions of Croatia, B&H and Montenegro has been developed through participation in program initiatives of EU (IPA CBC, Interreg). Practically, there are no obstacles for more significant development of cross border areas, although it should be considered with a grain of salt. Some problems have to be resolved by political agreement on the highest levels, above all issues related to border crossings, port Ploče, bigger infrastructural projects (usage of underground waters, continuation of the highway toward south etc).

There is enough human potential in the region, particularly it is obvious in the smaller part of nongovernmental sector that leads in launching initiatives. Space for more important improvements is in administrative and institutional structures in B&H and Montenegro. This potential must be consolidated and organized in raising up the overall capacities in area of entire region in order to get better networking, participative strategic planning, deciding on activities’ implementation.

Table 15. Review of IPA CBC programs in Region “KRŠ”

Project areas Total Vulnerab No of Eco/agro Youth/ Employ number of Tourism Kultura Ecology le calla tourism Sport ment project groups IPA CBC Cro-BiH 2 1 1 IPA CBC Cro-MNE 3 17 4 2 2 3 4 2 IPA CBC BiH-MNE 3 16 3 3 1 3 3 2 1 IPA Adriatic 2 7 2 1 3 1

Source : Official web sites

It is noticeable that relatively small number of projects in the region are from IPA Cro-B&H program. The explanation is that there were only two calls, and the project area is the biggest, therefore competition between certain regions from both countries was strong. One of advantages for the Region “KRŠ” is

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that this program has merged with two other bilateral IPA programs and a new one has been created. It is Three-lateral IPA CBC Cro-B&H-MN that, in its program period 2014-2020, has on disposal 57 million EUR. The first call was in spring 2016 (summary in attachment as annex).

In the last couple of years, the projects from other two programs, as well as Adriatic, have contributed to partnership development, not only project based, but real functional ones on the field, by inclusion of more and more actors through the implementation of project activities. In such a way, political, national and historical obstacles are being removed step by step, and awareness was raised on the necessity of cooperation in resolving of same or similar problems in the cross-border area.

Unfortunately, territorial misbalance in capacities could be noticed here as well. It is the least noticeable in Montenegro, because nongovernmental sector that acts within municipality, inter-municipality and trans-boundary, is located in urban parts, and municipalities themselves have teams or agencies for municipalities’ development. In Croatia, most of capacities are placed in Dubrovnik, and smaller part in Neretva valley, hence there is noticeable cooperation and good communication between local administration, counties’ institutions and nongovernmental organizations that work in the area of county. In B&H, most of the capacities of nongovernmental sector are located in Mostar and Trebinje, while in some municipalities in rural areas, more quality teams exist or are in process of creation. The worst situation is with capacities in county or entity institutions that are in or in near vicinity of the region.

Touristic activities on the sea side of Krš region

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7. CONCLUSION - GENERAL OBSERVATION ON THE REGION

The Region “KRŠ”, is considered as a unique area, a destination with protected nature, culture, history and traditional values and with numerous possibilities opened for development of socially-economic relations. Future strategic plan for development of Region “KRŠ” would be systematically directed towards long-term and sustainable development through concrete projects feasible in defined period that will connect the developed coastal area with the inside area.

7.1 REGION “KRŠ” – POTENTIAL FOR MUTUAL RURAL DEVELOPMENT The proposed area had close or less close mutual relations for centuries depending in which administrative environment certain parts were. 25 years have passed since the last drastic change, and more intensive relations have been established just in the last 10 years. Stronger deliberation on cross-border and inter-regional cooperation was stimulated approaching to membership and opening of EU pre-accession funds. All municipalities cannot be put in the same category, since some are limited with human resources (number of inhabitants) such as Zažablje, but its advantage is geographic position in the region (vicinity of Metković and Opuzen). Other municipalities, i.e. Ravno and Berkovići, apart from limited number of inhabitants, still have some isolation, for that reason special attention should be paid to them in the region’s development strategic approach.

There is a visible increase in society openness to these processes in the entire cross-border area. It is noticeable at all administrative levels, in non-governmental sector, some parts of the private sector, and more and more with inhabitants. Because of particular common infrastructural facilities, state administrations have been communicating and solving cross-border problems all these years (water, energy, borders). Local authorities have intensified it in the last decade, and now they are a factor that wants even closer cooperation in resolving problems that are important for improvement of life quality.

In that sense they get full support from the civil society organizations, that were, in principle, amongst the first ones that realized the importance and necessity of such approach. As economy is the most dynamic and basic initiator of society development, it firstly felt problems caused by new barriers of new independent countries. Unfortunately, in that period, companies became weaker, and now, they mostly operate within the borders of their own countries. As situation has changed in the last decade, an increasing number of entrepreneurs understands new possibilities for development and gives support to such initiatives. In any case, leading sectors are tourism, traffic, trade, information technology. There are more and more local actors from all sectors that realize the necessity of cooperation in order to resolve (water supply, waste), decrease (negative demographic processes, unemployment), stop (blows to environment, leaving of young people), and improve (trade, conditions for life of the elderly, competition, and education) different aspects in the communities where they live.

In order to reach the mentioned goals, area of Region “KRŠ” has the main precondition, that is relatively dynamic economy, thanks to geographical position in Southeastern Europe, quality connections in the region with water, roads, railways, air, natural conditions (climate, relief, land, water) and human potential. From the strategic and rural development point of view, this area has potential in two most important sectors which, in a most quality way, can use the largest part of existing resources. It is tourism that is, in a great deal, already developed in a part of region and recognizable in the world; and agriculture, that could be revitalized in the rural part of the region, that all conditions have been

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fulfilled for. Products with additional value will be created on new, more modern base of both sectors, by stronger common cooperation and complementing. Naturally, in these, but also in all other sectors that are important for the region, such as trade, traffic, processing industry, IT sector should be included. This sector, except connectivity, does not require additional infrastructure, and the latest achievements in the segment of wireless exchange of information allow work even in the most rural parts.

Is it more and more obvious that municipalities, as well as higher level of authorities, want to be included in the current process. However, at this time, they are not in a same position, neither financial, nor organizational and human capacities related. Bigger and more urban municipalities have advantages, while situation is worse in rural communities. Part of municipalities from FB&H have got good connections with neighboring municipalities in Croatia, as municipalities from RS have got good relations with neighboring municipalities in Montenegro. Relations between Croatian and Montenegro municipalities are in an upward trend, primarily thanks to the IPA CBC programs. Most of local actors from B&H and Montenegro see this as opportunity for faster development of capacities, by using experiences from Croatia that would improve the situation in their areas. It is very important that attitude towards methods for preparation of strategic documents (B&H) has also changed and they are not just static. 7.2. ASSESSMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES WITH REGARD TO RURAL DEVELOPMENT Region “KRŠ” currently has enough capacities capable to start up processes of improvement of cross-border cooperation. The most important are the ones from non-governmental sector and some agencies financed by public resources. Concentration of CSO is significantly higher in urban areas, where bigger and stronger organizations mostly operate, while in smaller municipalities, in rural areas, situation is rather worse. In the first line, those are municipalities in Adriatic hinterland, although there are space and need for improvement in all municipalities in the region. Activities and capacities’ strengthening are partial, primarily connected with project activities, so there is no designed plan of their strengthening and increasing of their influence on situation in areas where they operate. With mutual analyzing of needs one will come to more efficient solution for further strengthening of capacities from all three sectors (public, private, civil).

It is visible that mixed demographic situation and unfavorable demographic processes are results of evident differences in development of particular parts of the region. Due to this situation, young people are leaving less developed areas, mainly region’s inside, and go to more developed city centers on the coast, Neretva valley or regional centers (Mostar, Dubrovnik, Podgorica) for education and work. The number of primary and secondary schools is adequate, although density in schools per municipality is in favor of more urban municipalities. Key problem is the misbalance between the schooling system and economic requirements and low level of awareness on potential of civil society and social entrepreneurship. Advantage of the entire area is fact that level of regular education has been raising, and that here are increasingly more activities directed to lifelong education and acquiring additional knowledge and skills. 7.3. ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE WITH REGARD TO RURAL DEVELOPMENT Protected cultural heritage on almost entire area is one of the biggest advantages that, in any case, goes in favor of mutual strategic approach in future managing and use of those resources. Individual devastations happen close to urban centers, like wild and unplanned construction (particularly expressed in the part of Montenegro coast), that reduce surfaces with the most quality land. Due to porosity of karst land, one should paid attention to all possible factors that could endanger underground

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waters’ quality (industry, agriculture, solid waste, waste waters).

Having in mind former insufficient valorization of cultural heritage in all three countries as one of key factors for recognition (being recognizable) of the Region “KRŠ” but also as base for modern tourism, it is needed to:

• improve reconstructions, restorations and protection of cultural heritage and facilities of autochthonous architecture in entire area, • improve local population’s informing and education on values and importance of cultural heritage, • increase realization of projects of cultural tourism and sustainable usage of cultural heritage

There are lots of potential natural and cultural resources that open possibilities for additional forms of tourism as extension of good developed tourism on the coast, and its hinterland in particular. Hilly- mountain parts of the region possess comparative advantages for fishing, hunting, mounting, biking etc. Cultural tourism can be developed in urban centers based on existing rich cultural heritage and big diversity of cultural events that take place during whole year. Possibilities of agro tourism and eco-tourism are still unused. Religious tourism in B&H and Montenegro is additional ground for joint tourist product. 7.4. ASSESSMENT OF SUSTAINABILITY LEVEL WITHIN EXISTING ECONOMY The most important sectors are: agriculture, tourism, metal processing, trade, energy and mining. Agricultural production has a huge potential in increasing self-employment in rural areas, mostly of women and young people, through production intensification and introduction of new methods and sorts. There are still big unused surfaces of high quality land. For increase of competitiveness of food production, technological modernization with significant intensity is necessary. That would result with rising up economic efficiency and quality of products. For sure, one should work on introduction of standards (ISO, HACCP) in departments, but also introduction of standards in primary production (IP, GlobalGap) and stronger control due to increased requirements in food safety.

Possibilities for additional development of entrepreneurship are additional linking of existing development holders that use natural resources (water, stone, food), as well as existing infrastructure for transport and storage (ports, railway, highway). Directing towards those industry groups enables specialization in accordance with comparative advantages, and in that way, increases competiveness of the Region “KRŠ”.

Coastal municipalities have different priorities that combine tourism with transport, trade, ship construction and financial services. Important role in development of these rural areas could have tourist sector, since in the area or in its vicinity are located three destinations under UNESCO protection (Kotor, Dubrovnik and Mostar), that are near to coastal areas in all three countries, and Međugorje in B&H, world-known tourist destination. Base for development of new tourist products are: autochthonic gastronomy and enology, archeological sites, fortresses, religious facilities, protected natural areas, water and mountain sports.

Entrepreneurship spirit is relatively developed, however most of SMEs still come under very small, and they are missing professional support and services that would assist them in business improving and strengthening of competiveness. Support to entrepreneurs is better as they are closer to regional centers or urban municipalities’ parts, consequently entrepreneurs from rural communities need both, more time and financial means for any type of support (administrative, financial, professional).

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Usage of renewable energy resources (water, sun, wind) represents considerable potential for increasing of energy production, and adequate system for its distribution could increase export. 7.5. ASSESSMENT OF SOCIAL CAPITAL WITH REGARD TO RURAL DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE The population ethnical structure is very homogeneous, which is consequence of territorial demarcation upon ethnical principles. Regional distribution of unemployment is very mixed with higher unemployment rate in rural micro areas where it very often causes serious social problems.

Higher percentage of employment could be enabled by a stronger increase of agricultural and nonagricultural activities that could be developed based on existence of tourist destinations in vicinity, as well as by development of tertiary activities. Considering the level of poverty in rural parts of the Region “KRŠ”, there is a space for mutual actions towards excluded and endangered population segments - young, women, elderly, disables persons etc. This presents the best possibilities for self- employment of all population categories that currently are not able to find a job or are marginalized.

There is a huge number of registered associations, but neither they are equally active, nor they have same capacities. Majority of the active ones act in the spheres of culture and sport, some are focused on ecology and agriculture, while those working with the most vulnerable social categories (children, disabled persons, diseased persons) often face the biggest problems in implementation of their activities. Most of the CSOs have not been included in discussions on public interest issues; have not participated in adoption of decisions that are important for development of local community. One of characteristic of the CSOs is insufficient coordination and lack of cooperation within the country, and in the same way, in area of the whole region itself. In cases when few associations are dealing in the same field of activity, cooperation between them is usually very poor, and each of them is focused only on implementation of their own program, even though targeted groups are the same. Most of them do not have clear management structure, organizational development is on the low level, and strategies are developed only for the needs of rights’ regulation, and not needs related to implementation of activities. 7.6. DESCRIPTION CONCLUDING COMMENTS OF REGIONS FOR ESTABLISHING CROSS-BORDER REGION AND BEGINNING OF STRATEGIC PLANNING PROCESS Cross-border resources

• Human capital is moderate in more rural areas, and advanced in the coastal tourist centers and bigger urban zones in continental part; • Traffic infrastructure is relatively good, however water supply and collection of water waste are outdated, even insufficient in more rural areas; • Economic relations exist, mostly in one way – continent supplies the coast, but there are still cross-border restrictions; • Cross-border relations are relatively good, although the Governments have not solved all borders’ issues, i.e. dispute about Neum and Ploče port and Prevlaka cape; • Natural and cultural resources, due to tourism, are better used at the coast, agricultural in Neretva valley, while in more rural areas there are still a lot of unused potentials.

Development possibilities suitable for local and cross-border approaches

• Dynamic coastal tourist zones are easily accessible for particular countries (highway in Croatia, airports, ports on the coast)

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• From cultural point of view, communities in the region are closer, formatted by natural conditions more than by ethnical or religious determination, but they are still playing important role in creation of economic relations, regardless of the burden of previous conflicts; • Tourist possibilities are enormous, not just on the coast, but hinterland can also provide additional value by developing special tourist routs; • There is potential of high additional value in agriculture production by traditional processing methods, however at this moment the marketing potentials are more in fresh vegetables and fruits supply; • Issue of environmental protection related with exploitation of underground waters, that is another product required in coastal part, and now is exclusive to the hinterlands.

Waterfalls Kravice, Ljubuški

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8 STRATEGIC PLANNING FOR CROSS-BORDER REGION „KRŠ“

8.1. REASONS FOR DELIBERATION ON THE REGION’S LEVEL Even though cross-border areas of neighboring countries have complementary economies, very often with similar characteristics, sometimes they even share the same natural resources separated by borders and have similar cultural characteristics, it is very often that there is no cooperation and collaboration. One of the constraints are political boundaries and border-crossings that complicate transport and dynamic of people and goods circulation. Stronger consideration of cross-border inter- regional cooperation has been initiated with the opening of the EU pre-accession funds for financing of development projects in cross-border areas, in direction of cross-border and inter-regional cooperation. The purpose is coordinated, systematic and strategic cooperation with partners from neighboring countries, in order to decrease the effect of borders on regional development, and to promote and improve social-economic cohesion.

Economically speaking, the Region “KRŠ” is composed of more developed coastal part of Montenegro, Croatia and part of Herzegovina in Neretva valley, and rural undeveloped part in hinterland of Croatia, Montenegro and Herzegovina eastern of Neretva river. According to main attributes of development sensitivity, parts of Region “KRŠ” are in expansion. At the same time, there is an extreme lag in development in rural and traffic-isolated areas. With better quality linking of tourism with agriculture, cultural and natural resources located inside the region, both parts would have perspective in building of further cultural and economic in-country and cross-border cooperation that could be benefit for all countries.

On the edges of this region, bigger cities - Dubrovnik, Mostar and Podgorica are located which are administrative, social, education centers and have strong impact on entire region. Such territorial and economical disposition is followed by population configuration in the region, since rural parts are strongly uninhabited.

To rural development, and particularly to agriculture and rural tourism development, a new perspective is being opened thanks to more accelerated processes related to accession of Croatia into EU. Therefore, demand for economic inter-regional cross-border cooperation, whose level is rather low by now, has imposed itself recently.

The tourist sector could have a big role in development, since in the area of the region or in its close vicinity three destination under UNESCO protection are located: Kotor, Dubrovnik and Mostar which are close to coastal area in all three countries and Međugorje in B&H, worldwide known religious tourist destination. Since July 15, 2016 necropolises “stećci” are also under UNESCO protection. Localities are placed in all three countries, and the most of them in B&H - 22, out of which 7 necropolises in the region.

Strategic consideration of rural development for Region “KRŠ” therefore is natural demand and logical way of activities that lead to regional and European integrations.

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8.2. ANALYSIS OF POTENTIALS REQUESTED FOR RURAL ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT From an idea of common active support to rural development on South-eastern Europe, via concept of regional development based on integrated approach to the certain area, within cross-border cooperation, entering in strategic planning means one step forward towards harmonized development of rural areas. The essential way consists of few steps:

1. Step 1- basic analysis of the region, condition of its resources and development degree 2. Step 2 – estimation of possibilities, potentials, weaknesses, obstacles (SWOT) 3. Step 3 - definition of priorities in the region (preferred, urgent needs and development priorities 4. Step 4 - selection of priorities that will be target of time-definite development plan of the region 5. Step 5 - definition of goals and vision 6. Step 6 - definition of action plan 7. Step 7 - design of concrete actions and implementation projects

The first step was basic analysis of border zone of the Region “Krš”. All actors were visited or contacted in some other way for data collection, and asked to give comments on draft basic analyses. After that, stakeholders were asked to provide additional information and data to fill up missing ones. This step was actually focused on defining economy and its frame – living environment and resources, society, institutions, infrastructure etc. (socio-economic characteristic of the region).

Proper identification of own forces in Region “KRŠ” will enable detecting base for development of the region, as well as weaknesses that should be removed or changed, since they represent ballast. At the same time, it is crucial to have proper identification of external threats that could stay on development way, and which cannot be changed by themselves, but could be eased, or bypassed with adequate strategic planning, as well as identification of external possibilities that could be used. Otherwise, the strategy will miss to use available potential and will consume more time for issues than, if properly identified, could be done in more quality manner in shorter time.

SWOT analyses of regions were completely done by using detailed results obtained during basic analyses, and then, with an aim to ensure actors’ involvement, analyses was organized in form of thematic groups on the meetings of group of key actors (SHG) and facilitated by the ABD experts’ team. Finally, additional analyses were completed during interviews with different actors that could not participate in the work of interested parties due to limited number of members that could be present at the meetings, but they participated in validation interview. By this approach (triangulation), higher degree of analyses’ accuracy and completion of data was practically assured. 8.3. SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE REGION Initial step was that SWOT analyses done by the expert based on data from the baseline analyses. As the result, the following main characteristics of the region are identified:

STRENGHTS: • Good geostrategic position, recognizable on world scale (Dubrovnik, Mostar, Kotor) • Human resources (partially enterprising, qualified and competitive labor force) • Acceptable infrastructure within the region • Existence of enterprising culture and possibilities for multilayer development of small and medium size enterprises in the region • Energy stability and potential for further development of renewable energy resources • Good ecological state as precondition for high potential of tourism and agriculture development

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• Vicinity of big markets and easer availability (sea, road, air transport) • Cultural-historical heritage, richness of natural resources • Gastronomy (wine, cheese, meat, olives) • Pronounced tourist offer on the coast • Availability of EU funds and programs for development support WEAKNESSES: • Misbalanced development of the region and traffic infrastructure • Lack of recognition of region’s potentials from side of higher institutions, part of private and non-governmental sector and population • Inadequate education and lack of scientific research work with an aim of creation of new technologies and new products • Outdated technique and technology of existing production capacities, lack of production entrepreneurship in sufficient quantity and unfavorable financing conditions • Large administration, unfavorable age and personnel structure of employees, high percentage of work “on the black market” • Disproportion of municipalities in the region (spatial, financial, related to population) • Insufficient local networking, connection and organization of actors in the region for improvement of rural development • Insufficient usage of key regional capacities (agricultural land, forestry products, natural and cultural heritage, human potentials) • High unemployment rate and low possibilities for prequalification and negative demographic condition - villages “getting old”, young people leaving the area • Insufficient strong connections of the coast and Neretva valley with inside parts of the region • Poor infrastructure in rural areas of the region • Inadequate sustainable planning and management of the area, poor waste management, development of the region • Instable political situation between countries

OPPORTUNITIES: • Better usage of natural resources (soil, forests, rivers, sea) and resources made by humans (cultural material and non-material) heritage • Increased level of foreign investments and own investments in implementation of new technologies and innovations in production (agro, metal, IT, tourism) • Existence of young (unemployed), adaptable and cheap labor force followed with modernization of educational system • Increasing and regulating of self-employment in agriculture, tourism, services • Direction of existing and new future production capacities to export • Initiation of production in several economic branches that have market place with introduction and implementation of innovation, quality standards • Usage and implementation of short value chains and cluster of production acting model • Promotion, marketing and branding of the region and its values for living, visits and its particular products • Stronger connecting of more developed areas with inside parts of the region • Trend in EU for support to cross-border integrated development and cooperation • Increasing of security (health, fire-fighting, flood fighting, transport, maritime) • Demand for specific products, services from the region

THREATS: • Slowness in approaching EU integrations through implementation of essential reforms • Natural diseases (fires, floods) or ecological ones caused by human influence (local and global) • Continuation of migrations, leavings, aging of population

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• Political instability in one of countries or in surroundings • Degradation of international relations • Insecure developments on global level (migrant’s crisis, wars in wider surrounding..) • Absence of strategic commitments for development and for attraction of foreign investments • Food and energy unsustainability • Absence of awareness on region’s unity (strengthening of identity) • Competition in surrounding • Insufficient vertical and horizontal communication, aspiration for networking, coordination, harmonization

Selection of thematic fields: The following step was, at the same time, the first step in participative strategic planning. On the basis of experts’ opinion and defined baseline analysis, as well as SWOT analysis, thematic, priority fields for the Region “KRŠ” are defined as follows: • Products from a wild nature (harvesting practices, hunting and fishing, beekeeping) • Primary production in agriculture • Food processing and souvenirs' manufacture • Tourism and gastronomy • In order to identify priorities, initial selection of thematic fields was conducted at plenary session of a group of interested parties, taking into consideration the experts’ opinion.

The following thematic fields have been selected: 1. Primary production with processing 2. Tourism and gastronomy

Detailed SWOT analysis through thematic fields The second step has given guidance for priority identification. It was done through SWOT analysis defined on the base of previously determined thematic fields: Primary production with processing and Tourism and gastronomy.

A detailed SWOT analysis has been performed by observing the following aspects: natural and cultural heritage and living environment; human resources; cultural heritage and tradition; institutions and support to development; infrastructure and equipment; market and promotion.

The group of interested parties was divided in two working groups covering the thematic priority fields. The selection of members and participation in group work was on voluntary basis. One group was covering primary agricultural production forestry and processing (including harvesting practices, hunting and fishing and beekeeping), and the other tourism and gastronomy.

The results of the SWOT analysis upon thematic priority fields and accepted development aspects are as follows:

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1. SWOT thematic priority area: agriculture primary production and processing

Aspect Capital STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES

• The degradation of land, water resources and landscape values of the wild landfills • The existing land resources • Undeveloped good practice natural Natural resources • Climatological and hydrographic resource management potential (a large number of sunny days (Capital of the • The loss of productive agricultural land as a year, river and sea) environment) a result of conversion into a building • The richness of indigenous flora and (unplanned urbanization) fauna • Water resources are not enough and properly utilized for irrigation

Cultural resources • Lack of defined strategic directions for use (Cultural Capital) • The history and tradition, multiculturalism of cultural resources

• Weak capacity of administrative structures • Lack of understanding of the real needs and resources assessment • Poor targeting human resources • Young people interested to start • The entrepreneurial spirit underdeveloped Human resources agribusiness in some regions • Lack of motivation (because of poor • A large number of unemployed people (Human Capital) incentives, and personal indifference, • A large number of unemployed apathy of young people) for private initiative, agronomists preferring government jobs and work in cities • Lack of knowledge about the possibilities for development of business initiatives • Lack of knowledge of the market

• The lack of adequate equipment for the production of added value products • Upper Horizons (regulation of water • Travel infrastructure unresponsive catchment of the river Neretva in Bosnia especially in the villages, weak transport and Herzegovina) communication • Adoption of the National Programme for • Due to the depopulation of villages country irrigation in Croatia (NAVAP) does not invest in the maintenance of • Interior processing capacities in existing local roads Montenegro, meat and dairy, in B&H winery, • Water supply insufficiently resolved

processing capacities for essential oils • Problem of drainage of excess water

Infrastructure equipment and Infrastructure • Lack of systems for waste treatment, in particular with animal origin • There is a market demand for meat products and milk, vegetable and bee

Economic capital Economic products • Lack of product added value • The diversity and quality offers products • The lack of standards and continuous with export potential (Neretva tangerine ) product quality • An organized purchase of medicinal • Lack of brand (s) herbs and tangerine Market • Lack of ideas for niche market in terms of • There is supply and demand for traditional products regulations which give a chance for example, free-range production, etc. • Existing demand for medicinal and aromatic herbs from the region for international markets

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Institutions and • Insufficient targeted budgets for the Support (Institutional support of agricultural production Capital) • Poor management of the available financial resources • Absence of favorable subsidies / credit facilities (lack of credit opportunities) • Academic education does not follow the • There are institutions / agencies dealing needs of local and regional development with development at the national, regional policies of agriculture and processing and local level • Poorly designed development projects, not adjusted to local needs and conditions (for example, some models of incubators with models from abroad which does not work in the region - the impact of the international community through projects to support) • Inadequate coverage of extension services in some parts of the region Society and organization • Big number of civil society organizations • Support for projects of civil sector is insufficient (Social Capital)

Aspect Capital OPPORTUNITIES THREATS • The development of organic production based on • Construction work and devastation unpolluted natural environment of agricultural land and cultural Natural resources • Development of irrigation system heritage • The exploitation of so far unused or underused • Contamination of water resources (Capital of the resources from unregulated landfills environment) • Changing the structure of agricultural production • Soil erosion, flooding in accordance with the available environmental • Unplanned cutting of forest conditions resources • Neglect of traditional handicraft products processing and gastronomy • More complete use of local craft products and Cultural resources due to the pressure of large retail and gastronomic traditions, especially those from the (Cultural Capital) hotel chains with supply of imported hinterland to the coast tourist industry industrial products and recipes from foreign regions

• Employment through their own businesses and employment of working-age • Strengthening the capacity on the basis of • Continuation of negative Human resources professional and scientific resources (enhanced demographic trends education) (Human Capital) • Further migration to larger urban • Motivating entrepreneurs for social centers entrepreneurship (corporate social responsibility) and the legal regulation of these types of businesses

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• Upper Horizons (regulation of water catchment of • Lack of cooperation and connectivity the river Trebišnjica) in infrastructure projects between the

• Opening of oil refineries in the hinterland of the countries coast • Further degradation of the existing • The development of infrastructure projects in the road infrastructure due to lack of Infrastructure and equipment and context of cross-border cooperation maintenance • Using tourist attractions

Economic capital Economic • The consumption of traditional products and • Discrepancies in regulation in the market expansion (ćupter / mantala) field of standards between states Market • Export potential of fruit products (Neretva mandarin) Institutions and • Inclusion of scientific and research institutions - Support (Institutional research and exchange of experiences Capital) • Routing of agricultural policy for rural development to productions that have development potential for this area (olive growing, growing everlasting, grapes, figs, pomegranates, citrus fruits), • Lack of balanced policies with the real freshwater and marine products (shellfish, situation and needs, primarily related crustaceans, molluscs, fish) to small producers • The development and cooperation advisory services through projects • The available funds for financial support to development projects and bilateral and regional cooperation

Society and • Better linking of civil society organizations organization • Further decreasing of financial support to projects of civil sector • Further development of LAGs (Social Capital)

Some of the most important conclusions that could be drawn from this analysis are: 1. Recognized forces in the region are existing potentials in natural resources, particularly climate resource suitable for production of products with export potential, processing potentials, existence of market demanding local products, especially medical and aromatic plants, as well as existence of institutional mechanisms for development. A great number of unemployed also should be used as force of the entire region, through activation of possibilities for their self- employment and creation of small businesses. 2. Weaknesses follow the degree of development of countries - members of the region, demographic trends and migrations, historical syndrome of non-recognizing the need for long- term adequate planning, slowness in brand and marketing creation, inadequate and unclear and/or imprecisely defined strategic determining factors of agriculture policy or insufficiently paid attention through strategies and purpose funds. 3. Unsolved issues of communal hygiene of space, the best practices in managing communal waste and waste waters are a great weakness and threat to further degradation of water resources and landscape values. 4. In fact, opportunities for the region are linking of value chains of ecological production with existing and growing market demand, availability of funds for development and opening of new possibilities for purpose funds, further investments in processing capacities. Not less important chances are also researches of potentials, development of cooperation between science-educational institutions, targeted improvement and directing of high education towards region’s requests and development of network of advisory services and their mutual cooperation.

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5. Significant threats are further migrations of young people and depopulation of rural areas, mixed legislative in the countries, members of the region, as well as local and regional strategic goals of countries, members of the region. Particular treat still could be insufficient cooperation, institutional capacities and undeveloped associations of small producers, for withdrawal of resources from available development funds.

2. SWOT thematic priority area: Tourism and gastronomy

Aspect Capital STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES • Biodiversity (eg. Munika on Orijen) • Karst landscape - caves (Vjetrenica cave), • Weak protection of landscape Natural resources olm (endemic species) • The management and protection of • Natural park Hutovo mud and other resources (Capital of the protected areas (Natura, Ramsar, etc.). • Lac of environmental awareness environment) • Rivers (Neretva, Trebišnjica) and more • Mine fileds (B&H) • Climate • The impact of agriculture - negative • Diverse agricultural production Cultural resources (Cultural Capital) • Cultural heritage, material, of immaterial • Loss of the village - a traditional way of life

• Secondary education for this sectors • Lack of modern skills and knowledge of Human resources local gastronomic traditions • Lack of skilled • Existence of public person in top labor destinations in the region or are originally (Human Capital) • Disorganized transfer of labor from one from it country to another • The competitiveness of the labor force in relation to imported

• Local roads • Incomplete and uneven signaling • Seasonality use of infrastructure (water, • Road infrastructure (airport, port ...) sewage) - Losses • Rural parts of unresolved infrastructure • Hotels •Waste • Restaurants • Intercity and bad interstate transportation • Poor internet connections outside urban

• IT areas • Lack / downtime info centers • Poor attitudes and public utility infrastructure Infrastructure equipment and Infrastructure • Lack of parking •Administrative obstacles and legislation on

Economic capital Economic food safety for the sale of local products to • The different markets with different needs local markets and between the • Offer in tourism: religious, cultural, manufacturers and restaurants (and cross- adventurous border)

Market • Markets of large cities - urban centers in the • Lack of information flow within the region tourist zone • Lack of joint participation in fairs • Ignorance of the requirements of the market (food in tourism interests to visit) Institutions and • IPA CBC Support (Institutional • High capacity to absorb funds support • Poor cooperation, inertness Capital) • Ministry • Faculty - overproduction of poor quality • Institute of Marine Biology - Kotor • Lack of financial support • Technopolis in Niksic

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Society and • A number of civil society organizations organization concerned with the preservation of cultural • Support the civil sector is insufficient (Social Capital) and natural heritage

Aspect Capital OPPORTUNITIES THREATS • Relief, climate, water, mountains, sea, specificity Karst, flora and fauna • The quarry, landfill, construction of • Protecting areas settlements, the construction of unauthentic Natural resources • Valuation of natural resources (medicinal eco-villages, hydropower, thermal power herbs, etc.) industry in the near drinking water tanks (Capital of the • The global growth of tourism • Intensification of agriculture environment) • The increase in interest in organic agriculture • Climate change (summer drought and • Further protection of biological and heat) geological areas and valuable cultural • The spread of plant pests heritage and landscapes Cultural resources • Further protection of cultural heritage and (Cultural Capital) landscapes • Training / education- applied certificates Human resources • Networking in the region • The transfer of good practice • Depopulation - particularly in rural • Establishment of associations and communities (Human Capital) cooperatives • Migration to the cities • Accession process to the EU for some of the countries in the region

• Wind power, solar energy, geothermal energy (renewable) • Further deterioration of infrastructure may • Projects that will solve key problems jeopardize the development of tourism (bottlenecks) Infrastructure and equipment and

• Better promotion of other regions

Economic capital Economic • Research key markets (competition from other regions) • Creating a marketing plan for the region of • Closeness to own borders Market Neretva • The lack of cohesion within the region Institutions and • Adoption of local, regional spatial plans Support (Institutional and strategies that do not include tourism Capital) (the lack of synergy between the sectoral • Stronger coordination strategies) • Networking Turistic info Center • Lack of harmonization between the states • Lack of interest of decision makers in the • Lobbying for greater support from formation regions institutions • Political instability in the region • The uncritical transcription of regulation from the EU into national legislation and policies Society and organization • Further decreasing of financial support to • Better linking of civil society organizations projects of civil sector • Further development of LAGs (Social Capital)

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8.4. PRIORITY NEEDS AND DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES Strategic planning includes identification of priority (critical) needs and development (program) priorities. Results of SWOT analysis were used for determination of development priorities and priority needs and their delegating based on possibilities for solving from sides of local, regional, and national /international funds/ levels.

One of the most important possibilities that arise from SWOT analysis and that has also has recognized in the baseline analysis is establishment of the cross-border region and possibility for more intensive sustainable development if integration of region is realized and concrete actions launched.

The following possibilities have been recognized:

• Joint promotion and placement of recognizable regional products – honey, medical and aromatic plants and traditional agriculture products and traditional processings, Common development and promotion of regional tourist offer based on natural resources and cultural heritage, especially in the part related to common cultural heritage, respectively historical connection both in cultural and economic sense, as well as gastronomy tradition of karst area, both coastal and hinterland, with all specificities of base for material (contents) that arise from natural resources.

The most important weaknesses that could prevent establishing of the region and its development as a whole are as follows:

• Growing economic crisis • Lack of financial and technical support for launching of development projects • Decrease of number of inhabitants (demographic drain of the region)

Determination of critical needs that rural communities have to fulfill in short timeframe for survival and launch of development process was concept for priority needs selection. They are related to existing weaknesses, usage of possibilities and limitation of risks generated from weaknesses, and not those existing due to internal or external factors that means intentional interventions.

Priority needs in primary production and processing

Priority needs in primary production and processing in the opinion of experts Need Local National Regional Securing financial support for investment to raise standards in the X X production and processing The creation of regional funds to support development X

Priority needs in primary production and processing in the opinion of stakeholders Need Local National Regional Linking small agricultural producers (cooperatives, groups of X X X producers) Linking agricultural producers with service providers in the tourism X X X industry in the region The establishment of ethical financial institutions X X X

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Priority needs in primary production and processing in the opinion of the wider public Outside of Need Local National Regional mandate of RRD (SWG) To improve the provision of physical capital (machines) for agricultural production (tractors, X irrigation systems, storage facilities)

Improve local rural public infrastructure and services X other than transport (eg. Access to water) Improve transport infrastructure (roads, transport) X

Wider public has also identified few priorities that are practically out of mandate of institutions that are dealing with rural development, but they have to stay on priority needs list, because their resolving is or precondition for launching of development process or they can significantly accelerate those development processes. Similar case is also with priority needs in tourism.

Priority needs in tourism

Priority needs in tourism in the opinion of experts Outside of Need Local National Regional mandate of RRD (SWG) Activating local airports X x The recovery of road infrastructure X x

Priority needs in tourism in the opinion of stakeholders Need Local National Regional Creating joint multi-day regional routes from the coast to the hinterland (gastronomy, cultural and natural heritage, adventure X X X tourism ...) Raising the level of services in all segments (human resources), X X X increased security (GSS, health ...) Joint promotion of the tourism market (tourism fairs, tour X X X operators) To facilitate the passage of tourists across the border (a larger number and better foot traffic border crossing points with X X X modern equipment, regional transport)

Priority needs in tourism in the opinion of the wider public Outside of Need Local National Regional mandate of RRD (SWG) Increase the number of health care providers X To increase the quality of health services X To increase access to the region Krš including opportunities in public transport in order to better X integrate the different parts of the region Increased cooperation in asset management in protected natural or cultural areas in the region X X (which share a border)

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Development priorities: Furthermore, development priorities have been defined on the part of three resources: experts, members of groups of interested parties and the wider interviewed public. They are presented in the tables as follows:

Development priorities in primary production and processing in the opinion of experts Need Local National Regional Joining small producers, cooperatives, social X X entrepreneurship Branding the region to better promote, but also to X increase the quality and harmonization of standards The development of fish production, especially seafish X X and seafood Further development of bee-keeping and processing of X X X local bee products Modernization of fruit plantations and systems for the X storage of fruits The exchange of experiences and transfer of knowledge for improvement and innovation in the production and X X X processing; improving education Joint promotional campaigns and performance in markets X outside the region Strengthening value chains by establishing long-term X X X partnerships

Development priorities in primary production and processing in the opinion of stakeholders Need Local National Regional Improving the conditions and technology of production - for example, setting up irrigation systems, new production X X X lines, the introduction of new technologies Continual adaptation seeding structure of the market requirements in terms of assortment and applied X X X technology Coordinated cross-border design strategy of agricultural development in line with climate change, especially in X X X terms of sustainable water management

Development needs in primary production and processing in the opinion of the wider public Need Local National Regional Promoting organic production X X X Processing of products and eco products in small X processing capacity Good design of marketing X X The development of animal production X X Cooperatrion in order to solve problems such as land X X X policy Development of souvenir production X

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Development priorities in tourism in the opinion of experts Need Local National Regional Cluster development in the field of agro-tourism and other X X X small, specialized providers of services Networking of camps, mountain lodges and agro-tourism X X X to attract tourists Diversification of the tourism offer by developing new tourism products based on the available cultural and X X natural heritage, as well as the skill base of the local population

Development priorities in tourism in the opinion of stakeholders Need Local National Regional The recognizable tourist signalization with quality support facilities and better informing tourists at the regional level X X X (web portal, mobile applications, posters with programs, info point ..) Extending the season on the coast with new content, services, products in the hinterland (gastronomy, heritage X X X ....) - diversification of content offered in tourism

Development needs in tourism in the opinion of the wider public Need Local National Regional Use of bio diversity and natural resources of the region X X X for tourism (diversification of the tourist offer) Promote regional marked by food and drinks X X X To promote organic food production (inter-connection - as X X X a means to attract tourists and increase food trade) Common tourist signs of the region X X Common institutions and websites and promotional materials that would increase tourism opportunities in the X region Krš The development of specialized tour guide services and X X tour operators (eg. For bird watching, etc.)

Inter sectorial development priorities are defined in the following charts:

Inter-sectorial development priorities - value chains in the opinion of experts Need Local National Regional The creation of regional funds to support development X Strengthening Consultancy and support systems to the development of partnerships and value chain, X X development of entrepreneurship, innovation, etc. Diversification of the rural economy by encouraging the X X development of part-time business Diversification of the tourism offer in line with resources in X X order to extend the tourist season The development of thematic routes through the region (gastro tours, scientific expedition, historical tours, X cultural tours, religious tours, sports tours, adventure tours, etc., - connection with sectoral priorities)

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Inter-sectorial development priorities- value chains in the opinion of stakeholders Need Local National Regional Improving power efficiency in primary and secondary production. The exploitation of solar energy, wind energy X X X and hydropower energy Linking all service providers in the region as the main carrier of development (tourism, agriculture, X X X prevoznilčkih, educational, cultural ...) through local events, clustering

Inter-sectorial development priorities- value chains in the opinion of wider public Need Local National Regional Improving market infrastructure for local sale and their X X regionalization Strengthen linkages between tourism and the agricultural sector in order to increase sales of food on the local X X X market To promote organic food production as a means of X X X attracting tourists and a way to preserve the environment Increase the Environmental Protection Agency (sectoral X X X context-bound for tourism development) The development of tourism related to water sports, X X combined with culinary tourism Strengthening environmental awareness launching environmental actions in all economic sectors

On the basis of development priorities defined by SHG during its second session, within priority themes of primary production and processing, and tourism and gastronomy, the following priority development fields were identified: a. Primary production and processing 1. Improvement of marketing and promotion of products 2. Adaption of agriculture production to the climate changes 3. Strengthening of value chains 4. Improvement of productions and technologies of processing b. Tourism and technology 5. Diversification of tourism supply 6. Improvement of promotion and marketing in tourism 7. Development of tourist infrastructure

Apart from these fields, due to the impossibility to classify particular fields in some of the sectors that cover particular thematic fields, a need has been recognized for introduction of special inter-section thematic field that pervades or incorporates the previous ones as well, covered by theme a and b. In his framework, three additional development fields have been identified. c. Inter-sectorial (or cross-cutting) 8. Improvement of business environment

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9. Better connecting of tourism with other sectors 10. Improvement of the management and environmental protection 8.5. DETERMINING OF GENERAL AND SPECIFIC GOALS 8.5.1. GENERAL AND SPECIFIC GOALS

Within the framework of identified priority fields, the general and specific goals are determined by simple recognition of results of future development actions. That means the connections between development priorities and specific goals are direct.

The following goals of the strategy were defined:

a. General goal 1: Improved primary production and processing

Specific goal 1.1: Improved marketing and promotion Specific goal 1.2: Agriculture adapted to climate changes Specific goal 1.3: Strengthened value chain Specific goal 1.4: Improved production and processing technology

b. General goal 2: Significantly improved sector of tourism and services

Specific goal 2.1: Supply in tourism diversified Specific goal 2.2: Improved promotion and marketing in tourism Specific goal 2.3: Developed tourist infrastructure

c. General goal 3: Significantly developed business environment, intersection connecting and management of environment

Specific goal 3.1: Improved business environment Specific goal 3.2: Well connected tourism with other sectors Specific goal 3.3: Improved management and environment protection

8.5.2. VISION OF THE REGION

Following the analysis of priorities, discussion was focused on defining of regions’ visions. Inputs given by members of Stakeholder Group (SHG) were used by ABD project team in order to define the strategic frame. The definition of vision is introduction into detailed planning.

This is how region “Krš” has been seen in the future, based on discussion on situation in the region and its overall development needs: Vision of the region “Krš” – stone, river, forest.

The main strategy goal, based on situation analysis in the region and its overall development needs, is to put into function the cross-border region based on common development interests, which are sustainable, harmonized and economically developed and in which development of urban and rural areas is arranged regardless of state borders. The strategy is for the period 2016-2010.

On the grounds of development priorities, stakeholders have pointed out the following main characteristics of future economy for the region “Krš”:

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• region developed in tourism and agriculture fields, where young people see possibility for development and built up their businesses in accordance with ecological principles, • region developed evenly, realized placement of highly-value food in tourism and diversified tourist offer, • developed processing capacities, improved livestock breeding of long-term period, and exit to markets out of the region, • region “Krš” has promoted its cultural heritage, together with valorized natural resources, human potentials and unruined environment, • region is investing in beekeeping and organic production, • tourist offer is developed on grounds of dominant potentials (events vintage, days of wine, village branded with specific culinary delicacy), • developed rural tourism, • good balance established between offer of coastal tourism, rural tourism and production potential of the region, • the values of local civil sector (folklore, sport, fishing mounting associations) are well valorized.

On the basis of the discussions on the situation in the region and overall development requirements, the ambitiously and aspiringly defined vision is:

In 5 years region “Krš” is a stable region with developed rural areas where tourism, agriculture and processing are balanced to the maximum.

“Krš” is a region with economically valorized natural resources and human potentials, with preserved environment, promoting its cultural heritage and retaining its local specifics.

Seaside, Krš region

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8.6. PLANNING OF ACTIONS

Action plans have been prepared based on the identified specific goals.

Within specific goals, participants in the work of thematic groups listed series of the main strategic actions, based on which several projects were proposed. From those projects, in direct communication with ad-hoc formed cross-borders project teams, SHG developed a few project concepts.

Between the third and fourth meeting, with support of experts, the members of SHG were freely negotiating, establishing new partnerships, and then through electronic communication developing additional project concepts. After the Draft of strategic document was produced, a project concept was additionally improved through direct contact on the fourth SHG meeting. Strategic document and attached project concept represent living documents, for which members of the stakeholders groups agreed that they should constantly be improved and upgraded, in particular every three years when their “health check” is scheduled.

The most sensitive part of strategic planning refers to transfer of the wishes and requirements into real actions with clear budgeting and the dividing of responsibilities was carried out during the second meeting, but the annex, particularly in financial sense, will be upgraded, subsequently and with a few steps, following the adoption of the draft on the fourth meeting.

Within each specific goal, members of the groups of interested parties determined activities that would be carried out within the strategy. Actions were shortly described by defining the main goal, explained and put into proper framework. The actions’ proposer explained the existing resources for goals’ realization, existing and required financial resources, and consequently the total amount of money required for realization of goal. Finally, deadlines, limitations and risks were defined, as well as a strategy for risk elimination.

Action plans are rough preliminary plans, but give a frame for realization of concrete actions. Estimated costs for the planned actions are rough or not defined since the collecting of all project proposals has not been finished yet. The budget should be defined on grounds of the existing resources. Success in attracting funds in relation with real costs of implemented actions will be an indicator in the evaluation of the strategy.

In the following action plans upon specific goal, SHG members defined amounts for individual actions, but, in general, they avoid to indicate/specify own participation, since it is expected that majority of resources would be provided from existing financial resources that they consider acceptable. Accordingly, it means that mentioned amounts represent, in real, financial resources that should be secured. Expected fund resources for activities’ implementation are precondition for members of group of interested parties, as well as other items noted in the action plan. Responsibility for fund raising and the implementation of the action plan depends on local authorities, as well as other partners from the group of interested parties. The role of SWG is, at least, to provide technical assistance in the strategic process, and, if possible, to influence the fund raising for implementation of the strategic document for the region.

The action plan that follows is divided in 10 tables, to provide easier overview of the reasons for selection of each action within the respective specific goal. Actions and projects upon priority fields transferred into specific goals are given in the tables below, and then followed by action plans:

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No of Specific objective Main Action Project obj 1.1 Improved marketing  Mapping and networking of • Networking through local events and promotion agricultural production • Fair of typical products of the region products (producers) • Days of new wine in Herzegovina  Branding products (Citluk and Trebinje, as a wine region)

1.2 Agriculture adapted  Education on Climate Change • Implemented changes to climate change • The development of regional agricultural incubator "Krševito" • The use of "suhozida" as a solution to prevent soil erosion (huge amounts of rain) • Analysis of resistance varieties adaptation to climate change events (harmful in plant production 1.3 Strengthened value  Improving Dairy Production • The introduction of EU standards in chains milk production • Chains "Mljekomata"

 Valorisation of herbs • The establishment of a regional center for medicinal plants 1.4 The technology of  The construction of storage • E-Sales Combined offer commodity production and capacities stocks in warehouses processing is improved 2.1 Offer in Tourism  Analysis of the existing offer • The development of agritourism diversified  Market Research in the region "Krš"  Mapping and networking in • Improvement of the annual event like agritourism Raftmania

2.2 Improved promotion  Online promotion of region • E-Krš , on-line marketing, promotion, and marketing of social networks tourism

2.3 Improved tourism  The development of guiding • Setting up tourist signalization in infrastructure services the Krš  Improving of signalization

3.1 Improved business  Establishment of regional • Establishment of regional tourism environment tourism cluster cluster

Well connected  Linking tourism with local • Creating a network of travel 3.2 tourism with other specificities agencies with a offer of traditional sectors products in the region

3.3 Improved  Disposal through processing • Clean road-waste management management and  The development of organic environmental agriculture protection  Establishment of a system of solid waste management  Raising awareness on environmental protection

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Action plan for specific objective 1.1 - Improved marketing and promotion of products

Resources

General Financial

tion The unt risks risks

Ac o Deadline the action Source Missing Am Existing overcome the Main objective Main limitations and The strategy to justification for Specific frames Limitations and

Mapping Promotion Economic Human Human Financial International 8 Discontinuous Networking and of region development resources resources resources funds month offer networking of rural Financial The Brand of areas resources existence

agricultural of quality 45 000 production products (producers) Branding Promotion Valorization Human Human Greater International 8 Lack of Affirmation products of the of local resources resources knowledge funds month balance - bottom- territory products SWG and skills policies with up and of site- the real approach product specific situation and branding needs of

process 100 000 primarily small producers

Action plan for specific objective 1.2 - Adaptation to climate change Resources

es

General Financial

risks risks Action Deadline unt o for the action overcome the Main objective Main limitations and The strategy to Limitations and Specific fram Specific The justification justification The Missing Am Existing Existing

Institutions Education The need to dealing with on climate

strengthen this issue change Training Inclusion Inability to the (universities, from the of academic find funds, potential on advisory Trainers, Engaging perspective producers institutions EU 2016- non- the basis of services, coach alternative of and ministries, funds 2021 cooperation professional specialized Consultants agriculture advisors etc. of existing and

departments EUR 150.000 in institutions scientific of particular resources ministries) climates

Action plan for specific objective 1.3 - Enhancing the value chains of local products Resources

General Financial

risks risks Action unt Deadline o for the action overcome the Main objective Main limitations and The strategy to Limitations and Specific frames Specific The justification justification The Missing Am Existing Existing

Promotion of products Not Subsidies protecte Product Increase There is Support of Producti from the d branding d interest institutions on of relevant Perm product A limited producti in this tradition anent Branded Product amount institutions and Associating on and type of al for ly product and specific for of raw Favorabl insufficie small promotio product this area promote it producers, this region material 500.000 e credit ntly n of local cooperatives promote lines , social products d entrepreneur ship

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Action plan for specific objective 1.4 - Improving technology Resources

General Financial

risks risks Action unt Deadline o for the action overcome the Main objective Main limitations and The strategy to Specific frames Specific Limitations and The justification justification The Missing Am Existing Existing

The need Increasi for Improving ng the the innovatio Specific competit n in conditions iveness manufact and productio uring of n due to Manufact

production condition products urers Inability to technology the low s, intereste find funds Alternative competiti somethin Lack of

The d in 2020 sources of Increasi veness g difficult connection EU funds - construction of some sufficient funding of storage ng the numbers Climate duration productio 2016 disaster facilities for n lines Seasonal 1.000 000 EUR primary and and product The lack ity of secondary productio production placeme of such nt capacity n

Action plan for specific objective 2.1 - Diversified offer in tourism

Resources

General Financial

fication for

Action Deadline the action unt o overcome the Main objective Main The strategy to Specific frames Specific The justi Missing Am limitations risks and Existing Existing Limitations and risks

Mappin Determin Determine Trained Develop

g and ing the the type of Human interview good ToR analysi current tourism that resources ers s of the needs are missing Financial

existing and their resources 3 month supply importance SWG Own

Specific Market funds Identifica Determine Human knowledg The Engage Internati researc tion of the type of resources e capacity more h the tourism that onal to satisfy agencies

Contacts Financial 125 000 Human funds target are missing resources the resources groups and their Financial needs for importance resources specific Marketing 6 month types of Agency tourism

Networ Promotio Networking king of ns of in the Indiffere agritour region region nce

Quality of Specific insufficie ism Human Internati promotion Human knowledg nt resources onal , training resources e is cohesion

Infrastructure 55.000 funds Pilot insufficient 6 month within activities the region

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Action plan for specific objective 2.2 - Improved promotion and marketing of tourism Resources

General Financial

risks risks Action unt Deadline o for the action overcome the Main objective Main limitations and The strategy to Specific frames Specific Limitations and The justification justification The Missing Am Existing Existing

The Existi 1000 Euro inability of The ng Poor that may be insurance fastest Ensuring resou education acquired funds by most continuous rces structure from the donor common membershi Develop Group of are and lack membership and the and most p fee and ment of interested differ of interest fees and discontinui Internet sensitive the donor

persons promotio online ent for the funding from ty in the form of who is Internat site, and n of the gastron mark manufact international work of promotio responsible ional (possibly) region omic ets uring organization the

n that is funds 6 month the operator and for the with industry s, both of operator available from among tourist activity differ (especiall these to the the offer ent y in the sources are (The one general interested need form of equal who populatio parties s agritouris maintains n m) the website)

Action plan for specific objective 2.3 - Improved tourism infrastructure Resources

General Financial

risks risks Action Deadline unt the action o overcome the Main objective Main limitations and The strategy to m Specific frames Specific Limitations and Missing A Existing Existing The justification for

Impr Contributed Valuation of Depopulati Ensuring oving to setting natural on, continuou of new and resources, Incomplete and adopting s touris repairing the transfer uneven strategies members signalization t existing of good that do not hip fee Rural Infrastructure signa signalizatio practice include and the incomplete tourism donor site, lizati n Cultural The and on heritage (tangible and mismatch (possibly)

intangible), between the The Improving Networking human state operator Faculty of

devel guiding in the resources, EUR EU The poor from Geograph opme services region, different fund state of among y in Lack of modern nt of through training, markets for s infrastruct the

Niksic - knowledge and 5 years different ure interested guidi capacity transfer of curriculu institutions ng building of good purposes, Ignoring parties m in Poor cooperation 000 10.000 religious, the region servi existing and practices, Dubrovni between institutions cultural, The lack of ces new global k 6 are static adventure cohesion employmen tourism months. ecological lack of tourism within the t * growth Linked to awareness region the Losing villages, organizati traditional ways of on in the life field. Training

• guide services that do not have a license as mountains, rafting, animators, etc., and especially for Krš and its specifics).

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Action plan for specific objective 3.1 - Improved business environment Resources

General Financial

ine

risks risks Action unt Deadl the action o overcome the Main objective Main limitations and The strategy to xisting Limitations and Specific frames Specific Missing Am Existing E The justification for

The Active lobbying Regional Interest existing resources among partnership entities The regional when from the of the possible There is existence actors in The applied to region for lack of a the field establishme internationa no this the of legal sufficient of

type of entities Missing nt of l funds and associatio Intereste number of tourism

regional from the resource EUR regional joint n in the d entities candidates and tourism appearanc associatio tourism tourism s do not for the ns sector exist 6 month promotio cluster es at sector at 50000 establishme n of internationa the who want nt of to positive l tourism regional associations effects fairs level establish an of associatio synergy n effect

Action plan for specific objective 3.2 - Well connected tourism with other sectors

Resources

General Financial

e

Action Deadlin unt the action o overcome the Main objective Main The strategy to Specific frames Specific Missing Am Existing Existing The justification for limitations risks and Limitations and risks

Linking

indigenous specifics of

the tourist Motivatio offer The Inadequate Local Manufacture Their Lack of n of specialized establishme recognitio recognition rs agencies disconnecti motivatio target travel nt of an n, support EU of the need and local on lack of n group groups agencies agency for -unit local funds, for government through quality 2020 (target (organic liaison with governme nation - developme units linking of foods manufacture nt nt and event al group)

2016 good natural rs and vice opportuniti tourist

100 000 100 000 EUR funds resources, versa es at their boards practice characterist connecting ic / typical food and drink)

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Action plan for specific objective 3.3 - Improved management and environmental protection

Resources

General Financial

Action Deadline tions risks and the action unt overcome the o Main objective Main The strategy to Specific frames Specific The justification for limita Limitations and risks Missing Am Existing Existing

Raising Save the Unpollute Local Landfills Discord policy awareness Krš d natural and lobbying in unit national 85% strengthen NGOs EU Animation ing NGO funds environme Coordinatio ntal 15% years

3 n at the protection Local

100 000 100 000 EUR regional and funds managem level ent *

Develop Promoting Defined Building Unpollu Human Lack of ment of the developm standar ted resources 85% interest of EU lobbying

Organic importance ent ds environ of NGOs producers Agriculture and value priorities institutio ment and funds Animate Lack of ("Organic of organic ns and awarenes 15% years

3 is in") products bodies s Local balance 50 EUR 000 funds

The Establishin Local Public Infrastruct Lack of establishm g a system repairs compa ure and equipment, ent of a for the nies equipment lack of 85% common collection NGO dumpin facilities for Establishing system for and g EU the capacity for solid disposal of funds processing of recovery of waste solid waste 15% waste waste managem Local ent ("U4 EUR 500000 funds KRSH")

• can be treated as a cross-cutting issue for all the actions mentioned so far

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9. STRATEGIC MATRIX

The last step in strategic planning is the preparation of a detailed strategic matrix. All priorities/goals will be implemented through a set of defined measures/ intervention fields (M) that will respond to a particular priority or development request.

With an aim of better understanding, the measures follow general goals and interventions, thus those that follow a particular specific goal, in the table below, have been put against each other, as along with the expected results with the measure implementation.

Measure Measure/intervention Addressed problem and expected result no. field M 1 - Improvement of primary production and processing M.1.1. Improvement of  Premium, winning imported products are too strong competition for marketing and product domestic ones. promotion  Mutual promotion of producers and presentation on the markets out of the region  Branding of the region’s products with an aim of better promotion, quality improvement and harmonization of standards  Improved marketing and product promotion  Increasing of products’ sale M 1.2. Adaption on climate  Agriculture development in accordance with climate changes, changes particularly referred to sustainable water managements  Continual adaption of sowing structure and adaptation to the market demands M 1.3. Strengthening of value  Strengthening of value chains through establishment of long-term chains partnerships  Associating of small producers, cooperatives, social entrepreneurship  Improvement of milk production through better promotion and marketing of products, that will lead to increasing of livestock resources M 1.4. Technology  Further development of beekeeping and processing of domestic improvement beekeeping products  Modernization of fruit plantations and systems for fruits storage  Development of fish production, particularly sea fish and sea products  Improvement of conditions and technologies in production, irrigation, new technologies etc.

M 2 –Improvement of sector of tourism and services M.2.1. Diversification in  Development of rural areas (depopulatization) tourism supply  Creating conditions for: - Completion of tourist supply - Diversification of supply content in tourism - Extension of the season on the coast by supply of new contents and products - Diversification of tourist supply based on diversity of natural resources - Diversification of tourist supply by developing new tourist products, and based on available cultural and natural heritage, as well as on skills of local population M.2.2. Improvement of  Disunity of supply that is proof of necessity for cluster developing in promotion and the field of agrotourism and other small specialized service providers marketing  Common institution and web page thus promotional material with and aim: - Increasing of tourist possibilities in the region - Improvement of tourists’ informing

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M 2.3. Improvement of tourist  Insufficiently developed tourist infrastructure, incomplete tourist infrastructure signalization with inadequately quality content  Expected development of specialized guide services and tour operators (i.e. bird-watching) as well as  Establishment of common tourist signalization system in the region M 3 –Improvement of business environment including managing with living environment and inter-section connecting M.3.1. Improved business  Insufficient environmental protection related to tourism development environment  Associating is essential to tourism, but also in the agricultural sector (among the others, and particularly related to land policy)  Improvement of market infrastructure and its regionalization  Creation of regional funds for development boost should assist in overcoming the lack of capital for development projects by ensuring the necessary participation in financing M.3.2. Well connected tourism  Insufficiently used potentials due to disconnection of sectors with other sectors  Development of tourism related to water sports in combination with gastronomy tourism  To promote organic production, as means to attract tourists and method for environment protection  Development of thematic roads across the region (gastro, cultural, religious, adrenaline etc.)  Networking of camps, mountain homes and agrotourism with the goal of attracting tourists M 3.3 Improved management  Strengthening the ecological awareness, launching ecological actions and protection of the in all sectors environment

Detailed strategic matrix

Improved primary production and processing

. Marketing improvement and promotion of products 1.1

1.1.1 Mapping and networking of agriculture products (producers)

easure 1.1.2 Productions’ branding M

Adaptation on climate changes 1.2 1.2.1 Education on climate change from the perspective of agriculture in a concrete climate

1 easure M

GOAL Strengthening of value chains 1.3 1.3.1 Product promotion 1.3.2 Production branding easure 1.3.3 Associations of small producers, development of cooperative organizing and social M entrepreneurship

Improvement of technology 1.4 1.4.1 Improvement of conditions and technology of production 1.4.2 Building of storage capacities for primary and secondary production easure M

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Significantly improved sector of tourism and services

Diversification of the supply in tourism 2.1

2.1.1 Analysis of the existing supply 2.1.2 Market research easure

M 2.1.3 Mapping and networking of agrotourism

2

2.2 Improvement of promotion and marketing in tourism

2.2.1 Web promotion of the region GOAL Measure

Improvement of tourist infrastructure 2.3 2.3.1 Improvement of signalization 2.3.2 Development of guide service easure M Significantly improved business environment, inter-section connecting and managing of the environment

Improved business environment 3.1 3.1.1 Establishing of a regional tourist cluster

easure 3.1.2 Creation of regional foundation for development boost M

3 Well connected tourism with other sectors

3.2

3.2.1 Linking of autochthonous specificities with tourist offer of specialized tourist agencies

GOAL easure easure M

Improved management and protection of the environment 3.3

3.3.1 Raising the awareness about strengthening the environment and management 3.3.2 Development of organic production

easure 3.3.3 Establishing a joint system for management of with solid waste M

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ANNEX 1 QUESTIONNAIRE FOR EXPLORATORY SURVEY

1. Are you satisfied with the development progress in your municipality?/ Jeste li zadovoljni napretkom razvoja u vašoj općini?

2. Which are the main obstacles to socio-economic development in your municipality and/or your sector of activity?/ Koje su glavne prepreke društveno-ekonomskog razvoja u vašoj općini i / ili vaš sektor poslovanja?

3. What do you think are the main assets for socio-economic development in your municipality in terms of economic sectors and in terms of people and institutions?/Što mislite, glavni su sredstva za društveno -ekonomskog razvoja u vašoj općini u smislu gospodarskih sektora iu pogledu ljudi i institucija?

4. What are in your opinion the present limitations of cross-border interaction with neighbouring countries? What are the possibilities/opportunities?/ Koji su po vašem mišljenju sadašnji ograničenja prekogranične interakcije sa susjednim zemljama? Koje su mogućnosti / prilike?

5. Which of the following should be a focus of cross-border interaction with neighbouring countries?/ Koji od sljedećih bi trebao biti fokus prekogranične interakcije sa susjednim zemljama?

6. List three priority actions for promoting development in your area./ Popis tri prioritetne akcije za promicanje razvoja na svom području.

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ANNEX 2 VALIDATING QUESTIONARY

For respondent:

A0 Record here the date of responding:

A1 Record here the name of organisation:

A2 Indicate the municipality in which the responding organisation is located

[Add here list of all project municipalities for the respondent to tick the appropriate one]

A3 What the position do you currently hold in your organisation?

□ President/Director □ Manager □ Expert □ Other

B1 What are the current key issues related to human resources for the sustainable development of your municipality? [For respondent: Use the following introduction when asking this question: “Please read the following issues which could hinder sustainable development of human resources in your municipality. The answer options you have are “A huge problem”, “A problem”, “Not a problem”, “I don’t know”.] A huge A Not a Don’t problem problem problem know The age structure of the population Small Job Market Small offer of jobs for women and young people The low level of additional skills of local support workforce Small offer of jobs in the longer term (dominated by seasonal work or for a limited time) Unfavourable educational structure of the population

B2 Are there any other current key problems related to human resources for the sustainable development of your municipality?

______

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B3 What would you say about the existence of vocational training possibilities for the local workforce in the area? Please indicate your response on a scale from 1 – meaning inexistent, to 5 – meaning a fully met demand.

1 2 3 4 5

C1 To what extent are the following issues jeopardising the local natural resources? Please indicate your response on a scale from 1 – meaning not jeopardised at all, to 5 – meaning highly jeopardised.

1 2 3 4 5 Waste water management Solid waste management Agricultural pollution due to plant protection products, fertilizers Industrial pollutions (air pollution, mining residues, etc.) Threats to biodiversity (fauna, flora) Threats to landscape (uncontrolled urbanism or industrial settlements, etc.) Climate change related threats Other (give examples)

C2 Examples of other threats

C3 Is there a local strategy, that is, a local official policy document that regulates the preservation of natural resources and ecosystems?

□ Yes □ No [Continue with C5] □ Don’t know [Continue with C5]

C3a Has your organisation been involved in the design of this strategy?

□ Yes □ No

C3b Has your organisation been involved in the implementation of this strategy?

□ Yes □ No

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C4 To your knowledge, what kind of public resources are provided for a secure implementation of this strategy? Please indicate on a scale from 1 – meaning no such funding available, to 5 – meaning fully funded by this source, and 6 (if you don’t know the relevance of the following possible funding sources).

1 2 3 4 5 6 Own local funds Central government funding International donor funding

C5 To your knowledge, are there cross-border agreements in place on the preservation of natural resources and ecosystems?

□ Yes □ No [Continue with C7]

C6 If yes, with which localities/countries are such cross-border agreements in place?

______

C7 During the last 5 years has your organization been involved in measures concerned with the preservation of natural resources and ecosystems?

□ Yes □ No [Continue with C9]

C8 For the next 2 years, do you expect the allocation of budget for measures concerned with the preservation of natural resources and ecosystems to…?

□ Increase □ Decrease □ Remain the same

C9 How much do economic activity in your municipality relies on natural resources? Please indicate your response on a scale from 1 – meaning not dependent at all, to 5 – meaning fully dependent.

1 2 3 4 5

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C10 What are currently the key issues related to natural resources for the sustainable development of your municipality? [For respondent: Use the following introduction when asking this question: “Please read the following issues which could hinder the sustainable administration of natural resources. The answer options you have are “A huge problem”, “A problem”, “Not a problem”, “ I don’t know”.]

A huge Not a A problem I don’t know problem problem Availability of statistical data on natural resources Lack of public awareness of endangerments to natural resources Inefficient legal framework Unsatisfactory implementation and enforcement of the legal framework Co-operation amongst local authorities on your side of the border Cross-border co-operation of local authorities

C11 Are there any other current key problems in the sustainable administration of natural resources?

______

C12 As how relevant do you consider the following cultural resources for local development in your municipality, both in terms of their current and potential utilisation? Please indicate your response on a scale from 1 – meaning not relevant at all, to 5 – meaning very relevant.

1 2 3 4 5 Local food and drink Excursions, nature parks Hunting grounds Historical monuments The specific architecture, ambience Traditional cultural events (a festival, etc.) Close to major transit routes

C13 Is there a strategy, either in terms of an official policy document or a vision shared by local stakeholders, that concerns the valorisation of local cultural resources?

□ Yes □ No [Continue with C21] □ Don’t know [Continue with C21]

98 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

C14 What are the sources that make up the budget allocated to secure implementation of this strategy? Please indicate on a scale from 1 – meaning that no such funding available, to 5 – meaning that fully funded by this source, the relevance of the following possible funding sources.

1 2 3 4 5 Own local funds Central government funding Entity funds (only for BiH) International donor funding

C15 Are there cultural events that are organised in a recurring way, such as, for example, an annual music festival?

□ Yes □ No [Continue with C23]

C16 Are any of these recurring cultural events organised through or in relation with cross- border activities?

□ Yes □ No

C17 Has your organization been involved in cross-border activities related to cultural resources during the last 5 years?

□ Yes □ No

C18 How do you assess the state of infrastructure in your municipality? Please provide your answers on a scale of 1 (meaning that they are in very poor condition) to 5 (which means that these systems are in operation on the largest part of the territory)

Does not 1 2 3 4 5 exist Local roads Electrical supply (including electricity and quality) The pipeline Water supply Sewage network Telecomunications Public transport Maintenance of infrastructure for flood protection Garbage collection The work of the main collector for wastewater treatment

99 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

C19 Is there a strategy, either in terms of an official document or a vision shared by local acto Yes (please specify which)rs, concerning the improvement of local support infrastructure?

□ Yes (navedite koja) ______□ No □ Don’t know

C20 Which budgetary resources ensure the implementation of this strategy? Please indicate on a scale of 1 (meaning that there are no funds) to 5 (meaning that funding is fully provided) the importance of the following possible choices of financing.

1 2 3 4 5 Own local funds National Government Funds Entity Government funds (BiH) International donor funds

C21 What is the biggest infrastructure problem on the territory of your municipality?

______

C22 Are some infrastructure problems solved by cooperation with other neighboring municipalities?

______

C23 Are some infrastructure problems solved through cross-border cooperation with municipalities? What is the problem and which municipalities are involved?

______

D1 What are currently the key issues related to the economic sectors you mentioned in the previous question? Please read the following issues which could be development barriers for the first sector you mentioned. The answer options you have are ‘A huge problem’, ‘A problem’, ‘Not a problem’, ‘Don’t know’. Do you consider….?

A huge A Not a I don’t problem problem problem know Availability of skilled labour Availability of credits and loans Availability of general business support services Security issues and/or legal certainty (including corruption) Competition on local markets Competition on regional/national markets Competition on international markets 100Legal and custom procedures BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Competition on international markets Legal and custom procedures Cost of production Cost of transport Quality of production Quantity of production

D2 Are there any other issues than the just mentioned which are the development problems for this sector?

______

D3 For the second sector that you mentioned, would you consider the following as development barriers? Again, the answer options you have are “A huge problem”, “A problem”, “Not a problem”, “ I don’t know”.

A huge Not a A problem I don’t know problem problem Availability of skilled labour Availability of credits and loans Availability of general business support services Difficulties in marketing products – local market too small

D3a Are there any other issues besides those just mentioned which are development problems for this sector?

______

D4 For the second sector that you mentioned, would you consider the following as development barriers? Again, the answer options you have are “A huge problem”, “A problem”, “Not a problem”, “ I don’t know”.

A huge Not a A problem I don’t know problem problem Availability of skilled labour Availability of credits and loans Availability of general business support services Difficulties in marketing products – local market too small

101 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

D4a Are there any other issues than the just mentioned which are development problems for this sector?

______

D5 Which are, in your opinion, the economic sectors which would benefit the most from greater cross-border co-operation in the region ? Please list up to three sectors.

______

______

______

D6 What is at present the origin the tourist inflow to your municipality? Please indicate your response on a scale from 1- meaning that this group is not represented to 5 - meaning that all of the tourists belong to this group).

1 2 3 4 5 Tourists from the same country Diaspora Tourists from cross-border areas International tourists, other than diaspora

D7 What are, for you, key obstacles that need to be addressed in order to achieve greater cross-border co-operation in the sectors just mentioned?

______

E1 Has your organization had any experience in cross-border activities during the last 5 years?

□ Yes □ No [Continue with E7]

E2 Please indicate the number of official cross-border agreements your organization has signed with the following localities during the last 5 years?

[List here countries as per region and ask for listing of municipalities; also ask as an additional side question correspondent to enlist all municipalities they consider belong to the region]

102 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

E3 Was this experience in cross-border activities related to…? [For respondents: Multiple answers are possible]

□ Human capital development (understood as measures to develop the skills of the local population in general, and the local workforce in particular) □ Natural resource common administration (understood as measures to administer in a sustainable way shared/common natural resources, such as water streams, national parks, etc.) □ Cultural resource development (understood as measures to promote cultural heritage shared by cross-border localities) □ Institutional capacity development (understood as measures to develop the institutional capacity of involved organisations in terms of achieving general and/or project related objectives) □ Cross-border capacity development (understood as measures to develop capacities to engage in cross-border activities □ Other? Which?

______

E4 Please indicate the total number of cross-border projects, your organisation has been involved in during the last 5 years?

______

E5 With which of the following localities has your organization engaged with for cross-border activities during the last 5 years?

[List here countries as per project area (i.e., for Neretva list HR, MN, BA) and ask for listing of municipalities]

E6 Are there any other localities with which your organization has engaged with for cross- border activities during the last 5 years?

______

E7 Does a local development strategy exist, that is, an official policy document that sets out socio-economic development priorities and directions for your local economy?

□ Yes □ No [End of questionnaire]

103 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

E8 To your knowledge, what are the sources that make up the budget allocated to secure implementation of the local development strategy? Please indicate the relevance of the following possible funding sources on a scale from 1 – meaning that no such funding is available to 5 – meaning fully funded by this source.

1 2 3 4 5 Own local funds Central government funding International donor funding

E9 What is the current link between the local development strategy and cross-border activities?

□ Currently, cross border activities play a minor role for the implementation of the local development strategy □ Currently, cross border activities play a major role for the implementation of the local development strategy

E10 Please list the three main barriers (1 the least important and 3 the most important) that impede the promotion of the legal and administrative framework for local development and cross- border relations (maybe to be adapted after first stakeholder meeting)

Fortress in Stolac

104 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

ANNEX 3 LIST OF PATICIPANTS IN SHG

Sector Institution/Organisation/ Name & Surname State Municipality public, E-mail Enterprise or Farm private, civil Joško Curić Babić Croatia Slivno Civil OPG /LAG Neretva [email protected]

Damir Fak Croatia Dubrovnik Civil DESA [email protected]

Lana Šiljeg Croatia Metkovic Public Municipality Metkovic [email protected]

Nebojša Jerković Croatia Opuzen Private Cooperative [email protected]

Ivan Mihaljević Croatia Opuzen Civil LAG Neretva [email protected]

Nikolina Trojanović Croatia Dubrovnik Private HGK [email protected]

Nikolina Trojić Croatia Dubrovnik Private HGK [email protected]

Mia Hrnic Croatia Dubrovnik Public DURA [email protected]

Perica Bulić BiH Mostar Public MPVS HNK/Z [email protected]

Jozo Pavlović BiH Ljubuski Public MPVS HNK/Z [email protected]

Vasilije Buha BiH Nevesinje Public Municipality Nevesinje [email protected]

Stjepan Primorac BiH Citluk Private Tourist cluster Herzegovina [email protected]

Himzo Tule BiH Mostar Civil REDAH [email protected]

Slobodan Vulešević BiH Trebinje Civil CRH [email protected]

Ljiljana Robović BiH Trebinje Public City Trebinje [email protected]

Marija Proleta BiH Ravno Public Municipality Ravno [email protected]

Rade Drinjak BiH Trebinje Public City Trebinje [email protected]

Ivona Šimić BiH Neum Public Municipality Neum [email protected]

Igor Tomašević BiH Trebinje Public MPVS RS [email protected]

Vesna Đukić MNE Tivat Civil Maslina Ass [email protected]

Dragica Nedović MNE H Novi Public Municipality H Novi [email protected]

Biljana Gligorić MNE Kotor Civil Expeditio [email protected]

Željko Starčević MNE H Novi Public Agency Orijen [email protected]

Nenad Vukadinović MNE Kotor Public Municipality Kotor sekretar.bastina@opstinakotor. com Jelena Stjepčević MNE Kotor Public Municipality Kotor [email protected]

Ratko Bataković MNE Niksic Civil Technopolis [email protected]

Biljana Đurić MNE Niksic Public Municipality Niksic [email protected]

Veselin Šturanović MNE Niksic Civil Fors [email protected]

Savo Čavor MNE Niksic Public Municipality Niksic [email protected]

Čerkić Ilija MNE Kotor Public Municipality Kotor [email protected]

105 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

II Working group Primary production and processing for Region KRS Representatives of the group : Irena Džimrevska 1 Jozo Pavlović M.polj.HNŽ Agriculture adviser 2 Perica Bulić M.polj. HNŽ Director of extension services 3 Vesna Đukić NVO Maslinarsko društvo Boka Excutive director 4 Joško Curić Babić OPG Owner of farm 5 Nebojša Jerković Cooperative Plavo zelena brazda Director 6 Rade Drinjak City Trebinje Agriculture adviser 7 Ivona Šimic Municipality of Neum Advisor

II Working group Tourism and gastronomy for Region KRS Representatives of the group : Ivica Sivrić 1 Himzo Tule REDAH Project Manager 2 Stjepan Primorac TKH President of Cluster 3 Damir Fak DEŠA Dubrovnik Project Manager 4 Željko Starčević Agencija za razvoj i zaštitu Orjena Director of Agency 5 Nenad Vukadinović Municipality of Kotor Secretary of Municipality 6 Jelena Sljepčević Municipality of Kotor Head of department 7 Slobo Vulešević NVO „CRH“ Director 8 Biljana Gligorić Expeditio Project Manager

Traditional men costumes from Eastern Herzegovina

106 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

ANNEX 4 ID OF MUNICIPALITIY (EMPTY)

Demographic data Male Female Total Population - total Population up to 15 Population in active age (16 – 64) Population over 64 Natural growth Population with primary education Population with secondary education Population with university education Population without primary education Pupils in elementary schools Students in secondary schools University students People who have left the area Returnees Employees People receiving social assistance Number of pensioners % of urban population

Development of the infrastructure and institutions Water supply network (km) The coverage of water supply network in rural areas (%) Sewage network (km, or % of households with access) Sewage network coverage in rural areas (% of households) Coverage of the collection of solid waste (% of households) Regional roads (km) Local asphalted roads (km) Local unpaved roads (km) The availability of electric power (% of households with access) The quality of el. Energy (% of households with three-phase supply) Number of local public transport lines % Of local communities covered by public transport The number of regional public transport lines The number of international lines of public transport

107 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Number of kindergartens Number of elementary schools Number of high schools Number of universities (colleges) Number of cinemas Number of weekly cinema screenings Number of theatres Number of theatre performances number of libraries number of swimming pools Number sports grounds TV signal coverage (% of households) The coverage of mobile telephony % Of households with Internet connection

Civil society level of development Cultural and artistic clubs Sport clubs Organizations involved in environmental protection Organizations that deal with socio-economic issues Other of importance

Natural and cultural heritage in the region Protected areas (ha, m2-list them) National parks (ha, m2-list them) Fishing zones (ha, m2, list them) Hunting grounds (ha, m2, list them) Number of recreation centers Number of ethno villages

Structure of the economy No of empl % No of comp % A.Agriculture, forestry and fishing B Mining and quarrying C Manufacturing D Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning production and supply E Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities F Construction G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles H Transport and storage

108 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

I Accommodation and food services activities J Information and communication K Financial and insurance activities L Real estate activities M Professional, scientific and tehnical activities N Administrative and support service activities O Public administration and defense; compulsory social security P Education Q Human health and social work activities R Arts, entertainment and recreation S Other service activities Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods - and services-producing activities of households for own use Activities of extra-territorial organisations and bodies TOTAL

EUR Total investments Foreign total investments (FDI)

Total area (ha) Urbanised land (ha) Agricultural land (ha) Arable land (ha) Sown land (ha) Orchards (ha) Vineyards (ha) Meadows and Pastures (ha) Ponds and swamps (ha) Forest land (ha) Deciduous forests (ha) Coniferous forests (ha)

Agricultural cooperatives Cooperatives

Hotels Motels Overnight stays Foreign tourists Travel agencies

109 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Number Rural households Farms Cattle Milking cows Sheep Pigs Poultry

Ram from Krš region

110 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

ANNEX 5 LIST OF NATURAL, CULTURAL-HISTORIC HERITAGE

BERKOVIĊI www.opstinaberkovici.com • Old Koštun (Gr. Kostran and lat. Kostroma-camp) early Middle Ages • Church Sv. Ilije in Podkomu 14 and 15 centry • St. Trojice (Trinity) in Hateljima • St. Voznesenja Gospodnjeg Podkom • A large number of stones - necropolis in Podkomu, Hatelji, Dabrica • Caves Ratkovac and Sunićka Pećine Ratkovača i Sunićka • brands sack cheese, pure spring water BILEĊA www.opstinabileca.ba/ • Necropolis (the Middle Ages), located at the entrance to the city in the immediate vicinity of Bileca Lake. • Dobrićevo Monastery from the thirteenth century located in the village of Orah on the shores of Lake Bileća • Church St. Ilija (Svetog proroka Ilije) on a small island in the lake Bilećko • Church of Saint Lazarus is located in the city • Temple of Saint Sava located in the city • Church of the Holy Archangel Michael in Trnovo Dolu near Meke Grude • Monastery Dobrićevo and churches • Mountains: Baba and Viduša • Caves: Đatlo • Bilećka Lake • Review of the Reserve Officers School of Yugoslavia • Cicvarijada GACKO www.gacko-rs.info • Mountain Zelengora - which is located within the National Park Sutjeska; Rainforest Perucica • Natural lakes are: Škipina, Jezerina, Jezero na Čemernu, Jezero na Živnju, Jezerina na Vučevu, Građenac, Jezero Donje Bare, Jezero Gornje Bare, Bijelo jezero, Crno jezero, Orlovačko jezero, Kotlaničko jezero • The famous artificial lakes:: Klinje, Desivoje and Vrba • The medieval church of St. Nicholas in the village Srđevići • Church of St. Dimitrija in the village of Domrke • Church of St. Trojice in the village of Gareva • Necropolis with tombstones in the village Slivlja,Stupanj • The remains of the tower and the Mausoleum in Lipnik, Monument Count Save Vladislavić • Monument Stojan Kovacevic

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LJUBINJE www.opstinaljubinje.org • Village Bancici air spa • Kotezi- mosques with wooden minaret • Stećci – tombstones • Mountains • Gastronomy (lamb) NEVESINJE www.opstinanevesinje.rs.ba • Mountains Velež and Crvanj • Lakes Alagovac and Crvanj • Nevesinjska olimpijada • Necropolis Mijatovci with 453 tombstones, of them 3,000 in the municipality • Bridge Ovčji brod • Sahat kula (Clock Tower) • Cathedral of the Ascension Temple (Saborni Hram Vaznesenja Gospodnjeg) • Church of the Holy Trinity - Pedesetnice in Kifino Village • Moba, ganga, traditional costumes TREBINJE www.trebinje.rs.ba • Hercegovacka Gracanica is located on the hill Crkvina from where it is possible to see the panorama of Trebinje • Monastery Tvrdoš • Cathedral of the Holy Transfiguration (Svetog Preobraženja) from the end of the nineteenth century • Catholic Cathedral of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary (the end of the nineteenth century) • Church St. Vasilije Tvrdoškog and Ostroškog in the village of Mrkonjići • Church St. Klimenta (XV century) • Church St. Arhanđela (XVI century) • Brankovic Tower (Brankovića kula) • Old City in the center of Old Town is known Osmanpašina mosque • Sultan Ahmed (Emperor) or old (Atik) mosques • The city center of Trebinje - built in a Mediterranean style, dominated by old Austrian buildings and giant plane trees in whose shade in the summer garden, enjoy many tourists. • Arslanagića / Perovića bridge, according to legend was built by Mehmed Pasha Sokolovic in 1574 • Old stone bridge and bridge of Ivo Andrić • Museum of Herzegovina • Petro-Pavlov (VI vijek) Petro-Pavlov monastery is located in the Peter field • Monastery Zavala • Monastery Duži • Monastery Dobrićevo (XIII centry) • Pavlova cave

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• Fortress "Sentries" which is known for its advanced architectural solutions Austro-Hungarian architects • Svetosavske ceremony - on 26 and 27 January • Ducic poetry evenings - the first half of April • Festival of entertainers for children - the end of April / beginning of May • Museum Night - May • Zvon zvonke pjesme – May • Babies Conference - Jun 28 • Festival of festivals – end of July • Tradicional event in Ublima „Iz ustanka nicaše sloboda“ –- the first weekend in August • Art Colony Lastva – August • Trebinjska gitarijada - end of July LJUBUŠKI www.ljubuski.ba • MUSEUM Monastery of St Ante in Humac • Art Gallery "MAJKA" • Gallery "TMT" • Gallery "HERCEG" • Gallery "ČOTIĆ" • Gallery "ARTEL" • Library of the Franciscan monastery • Croatian Library Ljubuski • Lake Trebižat • Fall Koćuša • Spring in Vitina • Falls Kravice • Ljubuško silo • Children's Music Festival • Ljubuški carnival • Lalic tower, the palace in Ljubuski architectural ensemble • Mosque of Ali-beg Kapetanovic in Vitina and architectural ensemble • The ancient military camp in Gračine in Humac-archaeological site • The necropolis with tombstones Bijača, Ljubuški and historical area • The necropolis with tombstones Mramorje, Upper Studenci- historic site • Old Town Ljubuski in Ljubuski architectural ensemble • Vitina-Župna Church of St. Paškala- sacral historic building • Veljaci- Catholic Church-religious historic building • Franciscan church and monastery in Humac architectural ensemble ČITLUK www.citluk.ba • Anniversary Međugorja • Tasting young wine -Kušanje mladog vina

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• Vintage days - Dani berbe grožđa • Illyrian ruins in Hamzićima, Gradnićima i Krehin Gradcu ČAPLJINA www.capljina.ba • Old Bridge Klepci • Mogorjelo • Počitelj • Hutovo Blato • Old town Drijeva • Dračevo • “Međunarodni susret klapa” – international music festival in Trebižatu • International art colony in Počitelj • International summer carnival STOLAC www.stolac.gov.ba/ • Ošanjići - city Daorson • The grave of Moshe Danona • The residetal complex Begovina • Park of natire- Hutovo blato • Old town Križevac • Radimlja – Necropolis with tombstones - stećak • Boljuni - Necropolis with tombstones - stećak • Badanj - Paleolithic site • Stolačka tarča- medieval fair • Sajam Hercegovački plodovi Mediterana – Fair of Herzegovinian Fruits of the Mediterranean • Days of Maka Dizdara NEUM www.neum.ba • In Vranjevo village are the remains of a Roman villa with which the necropolis of tombstones – stećak and very close to other tombstone necropolis Hum nobles Nikolic, there are 145 and 5 Necropolis stećak including one in Dubravica • Spremina cave on month Glimač, • Church of St. Ana • Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary from 1877, the Chapel of Our Lady of Carmel from 1859 • In Hotnja house sidewalks Don Lazar Lazarevic as part of a medieval village • In Zažablje are three prehistoric mounds and in Broćancu site of tombstones stećak and yard Žapsko of nobility Šimrak • Hutovski city • St. Krista Kralja Jezero Vrutak in Popovo polje • Oltarište, a votive place from 1525 • Cave Crnulja in Popovo polje which entrance has altar where Mass was served during the Ottoman Empire

114 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

• Necropolis of tombstone in Glumina, Church of St. Peter (1667) and an interesting object ancient puddles • In Medjugorje is one of the most beautiful necropolis of tombstones -stećak, and Previši grave with a cross serdara Lazar Previsic with carved his five medals • Boškanova cave, one of the most beautiful in the region • In Toplici the necropolis and the cemetery Obradovic one of the oldest chapel in Lower Herzegovina • In Gornjem Hrasnu is also a necropolis of tombstone stećak, cave-Dvogrla with white hall, one of the most beautiful caves • Mountain Žaba with its peak in the vicinity of 953 m altitude with small and large Vilina plate as a special natural phenomenon • Art Colony Neum (last eleven years) • Croatian music festival "Etnofest Neum" (last thirteen years) • Neum Animated Film Festival – NAFF • "Hutovski Winter Carnival" RAVNO www.ravno.ba • Church of St. Mitra with old graves • Church of St. Roka • Zavala - Zavala Monastery (architectural ensemble) • Zavala (Crkvina) - The remains of the Roman Catholic Church of St. Petar - an archaeological site • Cave Vjetrenica HERCEG NOVI www.hercegnovi.me/index.php/rss/ • Monastery Savina with 3 churches. Two are dedicated to the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary • Church St. Tome, Kuti, XI centery • Church St. Srđa and Vakha, end of XIV and begining of XV centry • Church St. Jeronima from XIX centry in the Old town • Church St. Riza Bogorodice from XIX centry • Sacral complex with Scholl of Njegoš, Topla • Church St. Spas build from 1709 to 1713 and Church St. Đorđa end of XVII centry • The monastery complex on the island Zanjice, Lustica peninsula, according to tradition, from the fifteenth century • The Church of St. Petka, Mrkovi, Lustica peninsula, built around 1600. • The Church of St. Andrije, Kuti, according to tradition, from the end of XV and XVIII century • The Church of St. Neđelje, Mojdež, was built in the sixteenth century • The monastery complex of St. Antun was created in 1687 • The Church of St. George, Kuti, dates from the fifteenth century • The letter of St. Ana, Savinska Dubrava, built in 1604 • The Church of St. Peter, Bijela, originally a Benedictine monastery from the ninth century • The Church of St. Ladies/ Gospođe, Ubli, created around 1690 • The cultural heritage of this town certainly be counted among the Old Town from the fourteenth

115 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

century, with its castles and urban settlement • Praznik Mimoze" • "Hercegnovski zimski salon" • "Hercegnovski filmski festival" • Nekadašnji Jugoslovenski festival filmske režije • "HAPS" - Hercegnovske aprilske pozorišne svečanosti • "Sunčane skale" • "Male skale" • "Dani muzike" • "Trg od knjige" • "Guitar Art summer fest" • Međunarodno takmičenje solo pjevača "Bruna Špiler" • Mountain Orijen • Blue Cave- Plava pećina KOTOR www.opstinakotor.com/ • „Međunarodni festival Kotor Art“ • International festival of youth theater - Međunarodni festival pozorišta za djecu • Don Brankove days of music and international fashion parade • Kotor ArTeatar • Pjaca od Filozofa • International music festival - Međunarodni festival klapa Perast • International summer festival - Internacionalni ljetni karneval, Bokeljska noć • Moffem Prvim mini-festivalskim • Gađanje kokota • Fašinada • Kićenje Mađa (May 1st) • Fešta Kamelija • Kostanjada • Winter carnival in Prčnj • Bokeška kužina • Klarinet fest • Searock festival • City library • Museum of the City of Perast • Historical Museum of Kotor (Lapidarijum) • Gallery of solidarity • Maritime museum of Montenegro • Maritime library • State archive of Montenegro-Historical archive Kotor • Diocesan Library • Library Franciscan Monastery in Kotor

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• Library and archives of the Serbian Orthodox Church • Boka navy • City music gallery Kotor • Gallery “Ticijan” • Risan, the remains of a Roman villa from the end of the second or early third century with mosaic floors • In the village Lipci there are prehistoric drawings from the VIII - VII century BC featuring deer hunting • Risan archeological site Carine • Roman floor mosaics • Church of Saint Luka, Smokovac, Risan, was built in the fifteenth century • The monastery complex Banja stands the Church of St. George from the early eighteenth century • Palace Ivelić, Risan originated in the eighteenth century • Undersea between Strpačko and Murove Strp, Risan, underwater archaeological site with the findings of the fourth century n. e. - VII century n. e • Church of Our Lady of the Skrpelja was initially dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary and was built in the fifteenth century. The Church with the current appearance was built in 1630 • The monastery with the church of St. George • The Church of St. Nicholas, which is located on the main square in Perast • Nautical School Martinovic, Kotor, founded in the sixteenth century • Chapel of Our Lady of the Rozarija • Birth House Trip Kokolja, Perast, dates from the seventeenth century • The Church of St. Ana is located outside the fortress Perast • The Church of St. Marko, St. Antun and the Orthodox Church - Temple of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary - built in 1757 and renovated in 1864 • Between Perast and Kotor in Donji Orahovac is the church of St. George, which is thought to have been built in the fifteenth or sixteenth century, and has frescoes from the early seventeenth century • In Dobrota near Kotor is the church of St. Eustahija • Church St. Mateja bulid in the seventeenth century • Catholic church of St. Tripun in 1166 • The Church of St. Luka build in 1195 • Remains of St.. Toma, Kotor, originating from the end of August or beginning of the ninth century • Old Town • Church of St. Marija Koleđate • The Church of St. Pavle in the Old Town was built in 1263 year • Religious Complex in Pelinovo consisted of the Church of St. Trinity and St. Nikola, Gornji Grbanj , emerging from the XIV - XIX century • The complex of the Monastery of St. Franja with medieval cemetery, the archaeological site was created in the thirteenth century • The Church of St. Ilija, Goodness, dates from the thirteenth century • Palace "Three Sisters - Tri sestre”, Prčanj, founded in the fifteenth century

117 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

• The tower Baja Pivljanina, dates from the seventeenth century • Church of Gospe od Milosrđa, Tabačina, dates from the sixteenth century • A large number of houses and palaces in Dobrota, Prcanj and the Old Town from the XVII, XVIII and XIX century • Forest Park Trebjesa TIVAT http://opstinativat.com/index.php?lang=me • Maskembali i karnevali • "Bokeljska noć" • Festival Mediteranskog teatra "Purgatorije" • Tivatske ljetnje feste • Lastovske fešte • Boćarska olimpijada • Novembarski dani kulture (povodom dana Opštine) • Žučenica Fest • Proslava Dana mladosti • Gradska biblioteka Tivat • Etnografska zbirka • Galerija Buća • Galerija Ankora • City Park • Beach Pržno • Solila • Vrmac nature park NIKŠIĊ http://niksic.me/ • The most important site in Niksic is a cave in the village of Red Rock Petrovići, site of the cultures of the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Old and Middle Neolithic and Early Bronze Age • The ruins of the castle - Salthua, Vilusi, WTC site from the first century • Roman Bridge on the River Moštanica is a building that was developed in the third century • The Church of St. Peter and Pavle is located on the old Niksic cemetery • The Church of St. Nikola, Grahovo was built 1499-1502.years and rebuilt in 1879 • Remains of the necropolis, Sipacno from XIV - XV century • Remains of the necropolis in Prigradina at Velimlje originate from the XIV-XV century • Monastery of St. Luka in Zupa • The Church of St. John the Baptist, Tupan - was built in 1510 and renovated in 1896 • The second half of the sixteenth century church of St. Save the rest at Velimlje, and St. George on Trebjesa • At the end of the sixteenth and early seventeenth century church of St. Archangel Michael in Petrovic • Church of St. Nikola, Drenostica dates from the second half of the seventeenth century • The palace complex of King Nikola, who make up the building's house and summer house

118 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

incurred from 1878 -1890 year - today's buildings the City Museum and Library of the city • Mosque in the city occurred in the nineteenth century • The Church of St. Spas Grahovac, made in 1858 • Temple St. Vasijije Ostroski, in the city of Petrovoj glavici, was built at the end of the XIX century in honor of fallen Montenegrin and Herzegovinian heroes in the wars of the 1875th to 1880th years • The Town Wall, which was bulid during the Ottoman rule on the site of a Roman fort • SNOWBOARD CUP VUČJE Sports event • MTB CUP TREBJESA competition in mountain biking • May Reveille Traditional hike to the mountain soldier • DAY of St. Vasilije Ostroskog sacred liturgy on the streets • DANI KALOPERA Rest and recreation traditional event which includes the contents of cultural, entertainment, sports and educational • DANI AKORDA traditional event dedicated to children's creativity MTB X CO competition cycling Dates • ZABORAVLJENI RAJ traditional event which includes competitions in mountain bike, folk dances, cuisine and entertainment • MONTENEGRO TROPHY JEEP RALLY Jeep ride by gravel roads that lead to the most remote parts of the Montenegrin mountains • Days of water sports Swimming Marathon, water polo competitions, various entertaining games that take place on the lake Krupac near Niksic • LAKE FEST festival of rock music • TRIATHLON triathlon (swimming, cycling and running) • SEPTEMBARSKI DANI - September days On the occasion of the Municipality, including the contents of cultural and sporting character (international festival of chamber music, theater performances, concerts, sports competitions, tourism, business events ...) • WORLD TOURISM DAY Events on the occasion of the World Day of Tourism • DANI MEDA- DAYS OF HONEY Promotion of honey producers and their products • DANI DRENJINA - Promotion of drenjina manufacturers and their products • WALL FEST festival of rock music • OLDTAJMER MONTENEGRO Exhibition timers • NIKŠIĆ GUITAR FESTIVAL International manifestation of classical music • FESTIVAL OF THE ACTOR International Theatre Festival • New Year's Fair of local products DUBROVAČKO PRIMORJE www.dubrovackoprimorje.hr/ • PRIMORSKO KULTURNO LJETO • Rector's Palace • Summer house Ohmučević • The Gothic house, Banja • the littoral villages • The Church of St. Vlaha with the parish house • Franciscan monastery with the church of St. Jeronima • Archaeological site "Novakovo Greblje" with the remains of the cemetery with tombstones

119 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

• Archaeological cemetery with tombstones with the church. Martina • The Church of St. Martina and its cemetery • The Church of St. Roka • Residential and commercial complex Milić-Ljuban KONAVLE www.opcinakonavle.hr/ • Conavle Embroidery and costumes - Konavoski vez i nošnja • Cavtatsko ljeto • Čilipi folklor • Underwater archaeological site close to Pličine Velike • Underwater archaeological site close to Supetr • Poliptih from Church of Gospe od snijega • Poliptih sv. Mihovila iz crkve Gospe od snijega • Samostan i crkva Gospe od Snijega • Summer house Pucic (old school) with the Chapel of St. Lucija • Underwater archaeological site "Sustjepan" in Cavtat • Underwater archaeological site Poluganje • The archaeological site with the remains of ancient buildings • The medieval cemetery near the church of St. Kriza • Fort Sokol city • The Church of St. Dimitrije with the cemetery stećak • Residential and commercial complex Ranjina – Capor • Sanctuary Mitrej – spelaeum • The walls Molunt METKOVIĊ www.metkovic.hr/ • Maraton Lađa • Metkovsko ljeto • Smotra folklora • Prosinačke večeri • Metkovske maškare • Međunarodni festival limene glazbe trumpeta narenta- International festival of brass bands • Rimska noć u Naroni • Dan grada Metkovića - blagdan Svetog Ilije • Cave in Predolcu • Nature museum Metkovic • Site archaeological museum Narona • ornithological collection in Metkovic • City Art Centre Metković • Neretva streamers • The Church of St. Vid • Erešova tower

120 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

• House Bukovac-Šiljeg • House Markota KULA NORINSKA http://kulanorinska.hr/web/ • The tower Norinska SLIVNO http://opcina-slivno.hr/category/vijesti/ • Brštanik, • Nonkovićeva • Church of St. Roka i velike Gospe

ZAŽABLJE • The cave above Kopren dol - stalactites and stalagmites in some places are over two meters in length • Prehistoric crowd - the Vidonjskom area has about one hundred piles • The medieval tombstones - date from the late Middle Ages, ie. From the 14th and 15th centuries • The medieval cemetery and church where • Speech and toponymy villages Vidonje OPUZEN www.opuzen.hr/ • Dani jegulje • Brudetijada • Inventory of Roman stone monuments in Opuzen • Torso Empress Livia Drusilla

PLOČE HTTP://WWW.PLOCE.HR/HR/ • Ribarska noć –Ploče • Ribarska noć-Baćina • Turnir plokanja • Archaeological site Zađe with the remains of villa rustica • The Church of St. Jurja with ruins of an ancient villa rustica • The Church of St. Luka • The prehistoric archaeological site Grebine in Sladinca near the town of Ploce • Archaeological site Tamnica • The archaeological site with the remains of the church of St. Anastazija (Stasa)

ŽUPA DUBROVAČKA www.zupa-dubrovacka.hr/naslovnica.php • Church of St. Ilara in Mlini • Church of St. Ana at Gornji Brgat • Church of the Assumption in Postranje • Church of Our Lady of Defense in Dubac • Church of St. Marije Mandaljene in Mandaljena

121 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

ANNEX 6 BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 1. Anketa o radnoj snazi 2015. –konačni rezultati (Sarajevo 2015., Agencija za statistiku Bosne i Hercegovine, Tematski bilten TB 11) 2. Žene i muškarci u Bosni i Hercegovini (Sarajevo 2013., Agencija za statistiku Bosne i Hercegovine, Tematski bilten TB 03) 3. Izvješće o stanju okoliša u Bosni i Hercegovini 2012( Ministarstvo vanjske trgovine i ekonomskih odnosa) 4. Bosna i Hercegovina – Ekonosmki trendovi-Godišnji izvještaj 2014. godine (april/ travanj 2015., Vijeće ministara-Direkcija za ekonosmko planiranje) 5. Migracije i razvoj: Uvrštavanje koncepta migracija i razvoja u relevantne politike, planovi i aktivnosti u Bosni i Hercegovini (srpanj/jul 2013., Ministarstvo za ljudska prava i izbjeglice, UNDP, Swiss Agency for Development and Coorperation –SDC) 6. Demografija 2014 (Sarajevo 2014., Agencija za statistiku Bosne i Hercegovine, Tematski bilten TB02) 7. Dijagnoza tržišta rada ( Sarajevo 2015., Ekonomski institut Sarajevo) 8. General Assesment Of The Water- Supply Sector And Its Human Development Funktion In Bosnia And Herzegovina (januar 2011., Demokratska ekonomska uprava vodosnadbijevanjem) 9. Industrija autohtonih mliječnih proizvoda u Bosni i Hercegovini (UNDP BiH, Vanjskotrgovinska komora Bosne i Hercegovine, Kingdom og Netherlands, Bosnia and Herzegovina Export Promotion Agency) 10. Informacija o konkurentnosti ekonomije u BiH( Sarajevo, decembar/prosinac 2014., Vijeće ministara-Direkcija za ekonomsko planiranje) 11. Izvještaj iz oblasti poljoprivrede za Bosnu i Hercegovinu za 2011. godinu – Godišnji izvještaj o stanju sektora poljoprivrede, ishranei ruralnog razvoja (maj 2012., Ministarstvo vanjske trgovine i ekonomskih odnosa Bosne i Hercegovine) 12. Izvještaj o međunarodnoj pomoći za sektor poljoprivrede, prehrane i ruralnog razvoja 2009. godine u Bosni i Hercegovini (Sarajevo, mart 2010., Ministarstvo vanjske trgovine i ekonomskih odnosa) 13. Izvještaj o protivminskom djelovanju u Bosni i Hercegovini za 2013. (Vijeće ministara 20.05.2014.) 14. Izvještaj o razvoju BiH 2012. (Direkcija za ekonomsko planiranje 2013.) 15. Napredak u realizaciji milenijumskih razvojnih ciljeva u Bosni i Hercegovini 2013. (Ministarstvo financija i trezora Bosne i Hercegovine i Tim Ujedinjenih naroda u Bosni i Hercegovini ) 16. Popis stanovništva, domaćinstava/kućanstava i stanova u Bosni i Hercegovini 2013.-Preliminarni rezultati po općinama i naseljenim mjestima u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine(Sarajevo, decembar 2013., Federalni zavod za statistiku, Statistički bilten - 195) 17. Procjena ugroženosti Bosne i Hercegovine od prirodnih ili drugih nesreća(Sarajevo, mart 2011., Vijeće ministara) 18. Okvir okolišnog i društvenog upravljanja-Projekat razvoja sistema navodnjavanja u Bosni i Hercegovini (januar 2012., IDP,IHGF, Prizma istraživanja)

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19. Zakoni regulacije ruralnog turizma u Bosni i Hercegovini (BiH 2013., Alterural) 20. Smjernice za voćne sokove, voćne nektare i slične proizvode(Mostar 2010., Vijeće ministara BiH, UNDP, Agencija za sigurnost hrane Bosne i Hercegovine, The Kingdom of Netherlands) 21. Jačanje kapaciteta za strateško planiranje i razvoj javnih politika u BiH-SSPD (24.juni 2011., UNDP, Eurospka Unija, Vlada Holandije, Vlada Norveške) 22. Strategija prilagođavanja na klimatske promjene i niskomisionog razvoja za Bosnu i Hercegovinu(juni 2013.) 23. Nacionalni izvještaj o humanom razvoju za 2013. godine-Ruralni razvoj u Bosni i Hercegovini: Mit i realnost(UNDP) 24. Migracije u BiH 2014 25. Pregled po općinama i gradovima 2014 26. Pregled po općinama 2010 27. Pregled po općinama 2011 28. Pregled po općinama i gradovima 2012 29. Pregled po općinama i gradovima 2013 1. Federation BiH 1. Analiza poslovanja preduzeća u FbiH 2014. (Sarajevo, semptembar 2015., Federalni zavod za programiranje razvoja) 2. Analiza promjena u strukturi stanovništva u FBiH (Sarajevo, semptembar 2002., Federalni zavod za programiranje razvoja) 3. Regionalna strategija ekonomskog razvoja za ekonomsku regiju Hercegovina (BiH 2004., REDAH, EU RED) 4. Indikatori, trendovi i swot elementi- Swot analiza ekonomske regije Hercegovina( april/travanj 2004., EU RED, REDAH) 5. Zapadnohercegovački kanton u brojkama (Sarajevo 2015., Federalni zavod za statistiku) 6. Makroekonomski pokazatelji po kantonima u FBiH 2014. (maj 2015., Federalni zavod za programiranje razvoja) 7. Prostorni plan Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine za period 2008.-2028. godine(Sarajevo, Mostar, august/kolovoz 2012., Ministarstvo prostornog uređenja, IPSA Institut Sarajevo, Urbanistički zavod BiH Sarajevo, ECO-PLAN Mostar) 8. Socijalna zaštita/skrb u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine 2014 (Federalni zavod za statistiku, statistički bilten – 215) 9. Predškolsko obrazovanje u 2014. godini-Osnovno obrazovanje u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine kraj 2013./2014. i početak 2014./2015. (Sarajevo 2015., Federalni zavod za statistiku, Statistički bilten – 217) 10. Demografska statistika 2014. (Sarajevo 2015., Federalni zavod za statistiku, Statistički bilten - 216) 11. Zaposlenost, nezaposlenost i plaće u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine 2014 ( Sarajevo 2015., Federalni zavod za statistiku, Statistički bilten – 218) 12. Srednje obrazovanje u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovini kraj 2013./2014. i početak 2014./2015. (Sarajevo, 2015., Federalni zavod za statistiku, Statistički bilten – 221) 13. Bruto domaći proizvod u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine 2014 ( Sarajevo, 2015., Federalni zavod za statistiku, Statistički bilten – 228) 14. Kultura, umjetnost i sport u Federaciji Bosne Hercegovine 2014(Sarajevo, 2015., Federalni zavod za statistiku, Statistički bilten – 223)

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15. Statistički godišnjak/ljetopis Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine 2014(Sarajevo 2014., Federalni zavod za statistiku) 16. Socioekonomski pokazatelji po općinama u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine u 2012. godini(maj 2013., Federalni zavod za programiranje razvoja) 17. Socioekonomski pokazatelji po općinama u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine u 2011. godini(maj 2012., Federalni zavod za programiranje razvoja) 18. Socioekonomski pokazatelji po općinama u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine u 2013. godini(april 2014., Federalni zavod za programiranje razvoja) 19. Socioekonomski pokazatelji po općinama u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine u 2014. godini(april 2015., Federalni zavod za programiranje razvoja) 20. Socioekonomski pokazatelji po općinama u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine u 2010. godini(april 2011., Federalni zavod za programiranje razvoja) 21. Srednjoročna strategija razvoja poljoprivrednog sektora u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine za razdoblje 2015.-2019. godine(Sarajevo, svibanj 2015., Federalno ministarstvo poljoprivrede, vodoprivrede i šumarstve) 22. Strategija razvoja Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine 2010.-2020.(Sarajevo 2010., Federalni zavod za programiranje razvoja, Ekonomski institut - Tuzla) 23. Strategija razvitka Županije Zapadnohercegovačke za razdoblje 2014.-2020. godine(kolovoz 2013., Županija Zapadnohercegovačka, SDC, UNDP,ILDP) 24. Srednjoročna startegija razvoja poljoprivrednog sektora u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine za razdoblje 2014.-2018. godine(Sarajevo, oktobar 2013., Federalno ministarstvo poljoprivrede, vodoprivrede i šumarstva, nacrt) 25. Studija formiranja poslovnih zona u zajednici općina Istočne Hercegovine(Mostar, lipanj/juli 2010., REDAH Mostar) 26. Tržište rada regije Hercegovina(Mostar, lipanj/juni 2010., REDAH) 27. Visoko obrazovanje u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine 2014./2015.(Sarajevo,2015., Federalni zavod za statistiku, Statistički bilten – 214) 28. Zapadnohercegovački kanton u brojkama(Sarajevo, 2013., Federalni zavod za statistiku) 29. Izvještaj o razvoju FBiH 2014.(septembar 2015., Federalni zavod za programiranje razvoja) 2. Republic Srpska 1. Katastar šuma i šumskih zemljišta (Šumskoprivredno područje-SVA ŠPP, 31.12.2014. godine) 2. Kultura i umetnost (Banja Luka 2015., Republički zavod za statistiku, statistički bilten broj 13) 3. Pregled organizacija i institucija šumarstva u Republici Srpskoj, Federaciji BiH, Srbiji, Hrvatskoj i Crnoj Gori (Glasnik Šumarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Banjoj Luci, 2013., br. 18) 4. Pijace kao oblik prodaje poljoprivredno-prehrambenih proizvoda (Banja Luka 2013., Poljoprivredni fakultet, Univerzitet u Banjoj Luci) 5. Prostorni plan Republike Srpske do 2015. godine (Banja Luka, april 2008., Urbanistički zavod Republike Srpske, Banja Luka) 6. Startegija razvoja poloprivrede Republike Srpske do 2015. Godine 7. Strateški plan ruralnog razvoja Republike Srpske za period 2009.-2015.(Banja Luka, april 2009., Vlada Republike Srpske, nacrt) 8. Nezaposlenost po općinama u RS 9. Oranice Republike Srpske 10. Osnovci u Republici Srpskoj 11. Socijala Republike Srpske

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12. Srednja RS 13. Zaposleni u Republici Srpskoj 14. Mogućnosti ulaganja u prehrambeni sektor Republike Srpske (Banja Luka, semptembar 2011. godine, Ministarstvo poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede) 15. Pregled po općinama i gradovima (Statistički godišnjak Reupublike Srpske 2015) 3. Herzegovina-neretvaa canton 1. Socio Ekonomski Pregled Mostarske Ekonomske Regije( septembar 2003., Vijeće ministara, Grad Mostar, Enterprise, Corporate Solutions) 2. Strategija polojprivrednog razvitka i razivtka poloprivrede u ruralnim područjima HNŽ/K 2012.- 2017.(Mostar,2012., Ministarstvo poljoprivrede, vodoprivrede i šumarstva, Vlada HNŽ/K-a) 4. Municipality 1. Leap općine Berkovići –Lokalni akcioni plan zaštite životne sredine općine Berkovići 2012- 2017 (Berkovići, decembar 2011., MDGIF) 2. Preliminarni izvještaj o stanju indikatora kvaliteta života građana općine Trebinje (septembar 2009., Lokalna uprava za kvalitet života građana, Centri civilnih incijativa) 3. Lokalni Ekološki Akcijski Plan zaštite okoliša(LEAP) općine Čapljina (Čapljina 2013., 2013.- 2017. Nacrt, USAID,GAP, EKN, Sida) 4. Privrednici iz općine Trebinje(Trebinje 2015.) 5. Analiza “Upitnika o percepciji javnosti općine Stolac o stanju zagađenosti okoliša“ 6. Strategija razvoja općine Nevesinje 2014.-2023.(decembar 2013., Općina Nevesinje) 7. Integrirana strategija općine Ljubuški 2014.-2024.(UNDP, SDC) 8. Strategija razvoja općine Berkovići 2010.-2015.(Berkovići, 2010.) 9. Startegija razvoja općine Ljubinje 2011.-2020.(mart 2011.) 10. Strategija razvoja općine Ravno od 2012. do 2017. 11. Strategija razvoja općine 2009.-2017. Godine 12. Lokalni akcioni plan zaštite životne sredine općine Bileća 2012.-2017.-LEAP(Bileća, decembar 2011., (MDGIF) 13. Lokalni ekološki akcioni plan općine Gacko 2010.-2015. – LEAP(Općina Gacko) 14. Potencijali općine Bileća 15. Strategija razvoja općine Bileća 2008.-2013.(Bileća, 2008., Komisija za razvoj općine Bileća) 16. Strategija razvoja općine Gacko 2010.-2020.(Općina Gacko, prijedlog) 17. Informacija o stanju i razvojnim mogućnostima turizma na području općine Prozor- Rama(listopad, 2015., Služba za razvoj, poduzetništvo, obrt i financije, odjsek za razvoj, poduzetništvo, obrt, poloprivredu i turizam) 18. Općinsko planiranje protivminskog djelovanja 2015.(maj, 2015., BHMAC) CROATIA 1. Izvješće o stanju zaštite okoliša u Hrvatskoj, 2014.-razdoblje 2009.-2012.(Agencija za zaštitu okoliša) 2. Nacionalna lista pokazatelja(Zagreb 2015., Hrvatska agencija za okoliš i prirodu) 3. Poljoprivredni okolišni indikatori Republike Hrvatske(Zagreb, studeni 2005., Agencija za zaštitu okoliša)

125 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

4. Studija razvoja zajedničkih turističkih proizvoda srednje, južne Dalmacije s marketinškom strategijom (2008.) 5. Regionalni razvoj hrvatske poljoprivrede(Zbornik Ekonomskog fakulteta u Zagrebu, 2004.) 6. Ruralni turizam Hrvatske (2015., Hrvatska gospodarska komora, Ministarstvo turizma RH) 7. Statistčki ljetopis Republike Hrvatske 2013(zagreb 2013., Državni zavod za statistiku) 8. Katalog kalkulacija tradicijskih poljoprivredno-prehrambenih proizvoda (Zagreb. Travanja 2007., Hrvatski zavod za poljoprivrednu savjetodavnu službu , Odjel za agroekonomiku) 9. Rural development priorities 2014.-2020. (siječanj 2015., European network for rural development) 10. Prirodno kretanje stanovništva u 2010.-statistička izvješća(Zagreb 2011., Državni zavod za statistiku) 11. Prirodno kretanje stanovništva u 2011.-statistička izvješća(Zagreb 2012., Državni zavod za statistiku) 12. Prirodno kretanje stanovništva u 2012.-statistička izvješća(Zagreb 2013., Državni zavod za statistiku) 13. Prirodno kretanje stanovništva u 2013.-statistička izvješća(Zagreb 2014., Državni zavod za statistiku) 14. Prirodno kretanje stanovništva u 2014.-statistička izvješća(Zagreb 2015., Državni zavod za statistiku) 15. Nacionalna strategija stvaranja poticajnog okruženja za razvoj civilnog društva od 2012. Do 2016. Godine(Zagreb, lipanj 2012., Vlada Republike Hrvatske) 16. Poljoprivredna proizvodnja 2014.-statistička izvješća(Zagreb, 2015., Državni zavod za statistiku) 17. Program ruralnog razvoja Republike Hrvatske za razdoblje 2014.-2020.(2015.-posljednja izmjena, Ministarstvo poljoprivrede, Uprava za upravljanje EU fondom za ruralni razvoj, EU i međunarodnu suradnju) 18. Projekt COAST priroda i ljudi zajedno 2007.-2013.-smjernice za poticanje održivog ruralnog razvoja Dalmacije (UNDP, GEF, Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i prirode) 19. Strategija regionalnog razvoja Republike Hrvatske 2011-2013(svibanj 2010., Ministarstvo regionalnog razvoja , šumarstva i vodnoga gospodarstva) 20. Tradicijske sorte i pasmine Dalmacije(Program Ujedinjenih naroda za razvoj) 21. Transport i komunikacije u 2014.-statistička izvješća(Zagreb 2015., državni zavod za statistiku) 22. Turizam u primorskim gradovima i općinama u 2010.-statistička izvješća(Zagreb, 2011., Državni zavod za statistiku) 23. Turizam u primorskim gradovima i općinama u 2011.-statistička izvješća(Zagreb, 2012., Državni zavod za statistiku) 24. Turizam u primorskim gradovima i općinama u 2012.-statistička izvješća(Zagreb, 2013., Državni zavod za statistiku) 25. Turizam u primorskim gradovima i općinama u 2013.-statistička izvješća(Zagreb, 2014., Državni zavod za statistiku) 26. Turizam u primorskim gradovima i općinama u 2014.-statistička izvješća(Zagreb, 2015., Državni zavod za statistiku) 27. Kvaliteta života u Hrvatskoj-regionalne nejednakosti(Zagreb, 2007., Program Ujedinjenih naroda za razvoj –UNDP) 28. Plodno tlo za razvoj ruralnih područja Hrvatske(Sveta Nedelja, 2013., UNDP) 29. Priroda Hrvatske-riznica za bolju budućnost(UNDP, GEF, Državni zavod za zaštitu prirode, Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i prirode)

126 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

30. Zeleni poslovi u Hrvatskoj(2010., UNDP) 31. Zaposlenost i plaće u 2012.-statistička izvješća(Zagreb, 2013., Državni zavod za statistiku) 32. Kontigenti stanovništva po općinama/gradovima(popis 2011.) 33. Stanovništvo prema pohađanju škole i spolu(popis 2011.) 34. Stanovništvo prem migracijskim obilježjima i spolu(popis 2011.) 35. Stanovništvo staro 15 i više godina prema trenutačnoj aktivnosti, starosti i spolu(popis 2011.) 36. Stanovništvo prema glavnim izvorima sredstava za život i spolu(popis 2011.) 37. Zaposleni prema zanimanju, starosti i spolu(popis, 2011.) 38. Zaposleni prema područjima djelatnosti, starosti i spolu(popis 2011.) 39. Statistički ljetopis Republike Hrvatske 2011.(Zagreb, prosinac 2011., Državni zavod za statistiku) 40. Statistički ljetopis Republike Hrvatske 2012.(Zagreb, prosinac 2012., Državni zavod za statistiku) 41. Statistički ljetopis Republike Hrvatske 2013.(Zagreb, prosinac 2013., Državni zavod za statistiku) 42. Strukturne poslovne statistike-Državni proračun, konsolidirana, središnja i opća država(Ministarstvo financija, GFS) 43. Statistički ljetopis Republike Hrvatske 2014.(Zagreb, prosinac 2014., Državni zavod za statistiku) 44. Statistički ljetopis Republike Hrvatske 2015.(Zagreb, prosinac 2015., Državni zavod za statistiku) 45. Stanovništvo u Republici Hrvatskoj 1. Dubrovnik- neretva county 1. Izmjene i dopune prostrnog plana županije(Dubrovnik 2013., Zavod za prostorno uređenje Dubrovačko-neretvanske županije) 2. Regionalna mreža lokalnih obrazovnih ustanova(rujan, 2011., EEO GROUP, Agencija za strukovno obrazovanje i obrazovanje odraslih) 3. Plan razvojnih programa grada Metkovića za 2013. i projekcije za 2014. i 2015.(Metković, 15. studenog 2012., Neretvanski glasnik) 4. Položaj i značaj Dubrovačko-neretvanske županije 5. Procjena ugroženosti stanovništa, materijalnih i kulturnih dobara i okoliša od katastrofe i velikih nesreća Dubrovačko-neretvanske županije (2010., ALFA ATEST) 6. Razvojna strategija Dubrovačko-neretvanske županije 2011.-2013.(2011.) 7. Regionalni operativni program Dubrovačko-neretvanske županije 2007.-2013.(Hrvatski farmer, Raiffeisen Consluting) 8. Socijalni plan 2014.-2016. 9. Strategija razvoja turizma dubrovačko-neretvanske županije 2012.-2022.(Dubrovnik, 02. travnja 2013., Horwath HTL, Zavod za prostorno uređenje DNŽ) 10. Plan suradnje za razvoj gospodarstva na ruralnom području Dubrovačko-neretvanske županije i Hercegovine (studeni , 2011., DUNEA, REDAH) 11. Strategija razvoja ljudskih potencijala DNŽ 12. Strategija razvoja vinarstva i vinogradarstva DNŽ 13. Strategija očuvanaja stećaka- projekt HER.CUL: Valorizacija kulturne baštine srednjovjekovnih stećaka na zapadnom Balkanu(2013., DUNEA) 14. Strateški ciljevi, prioriteti i mjere-Razvojne strategije DNŽ-a 15. Zaštićeni dijelovi prirode Dubrovačko-neretvanske županije 16. JL(R)S-Razvojna strategija DNŽ-elektronska baza razvojnih projekta-kontakt osobe(DUNEA) 17. Nezaposleni u Dubrovačko-neretvanskoj županiji 2010-2014

127 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

2. Lag 18. Lokalna razvojna strategija LAG-a 5 za razboblje 2013.-2015.(Orebić, 13. siječnja 2013.) 19. Lokalna razvojna strategija LAG-a Neretva(Opuzen, 15. ožujka 2013.) 20. Lokalna strategija LAG-a 2 za razdoblje 2013.-2015.(Srebreno, 14. listopada 2013.) 3. Municipality 21. Mogućnost poljoprivrede i seoskog područja općine Bednja(Agronomski glasnik 3/2009., Zavod za ekonomiku poljoprivredu i agrarnu sociologiju, Agronomski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu) 22. Općina Župa dubrovačka 23. Službeni glasnik općine Konavle(Cavtat, 23. siječnja 2015.) 24. Strateški plan grada Metkovića 2014.-2016.(Zagreb, 2010., Državni zavod za statistiku) 25. Izvješće o stanju u prostoru općine Konavle (Dubrovnik 2012., ENTASIS, IGH urbanizam) 26. Stanovništvo Ploča prema starosti i spolu po naseljima(popis 2011.) 27. Stanovništvo Opuzena prema starosti i spolu po naseljima (popis 2001.)

MONTENEGRO 1. Uredba o uslovima, načinu i dinamici sporovođenja mjera agrarne politike za 2015. godinu- Agrobudžet(februar 2015., Vlada Crne Gore) 2. Rezime- Informacije o sprovođenju akcionog plana strategije za integraciju osoba s invaliditetom u Crnoj Gori za 2014. Godinu 3. Strategija regionalnog razvoja Crne Gore za period 2014.-2020.(maj 2014., Ministarstvo ekonomije Crne Gore, nacrt) 4. Statistički godišnjak Crne Gore 2011-Pregled po općinama(maj 2010.) 5. Nosioci vlasništva nad poslovnim subjektima u Crnoj Gori u 2011. godini, po spolu(Podgorica, mart 2012., Zavod za statistiku, odsjek za registre) 6. Analiza broja i strukture poslovnih subjekata u Crnoj Gori po općinama(2012., Zavod za statistiku-Monstat) 7. Djelatnost i zanimanja stanovništva u Crnoj Gori(Podgorica, 2012., Zavod za statistiku, Popis 2011.) 8. Statistički godišnjak Crne Gore 2011. (Podgorica 2011., Zavod za statistiku) 9. Statistički godišnjak Crne Gore 2013.-pregled po općinama 2012. 10. Izvještaj o radu(2014., Zavod za hidrometeorologiju i seizmologiju Crne Gore-ZHMS) 11. Struktura poljoprivrednih gazdinstava-Popis poljoprivrede 2010-Ključne varijable-zemljišni i stočni fond(Podgorica, mart 2011., Zavod za statistiku) 12. Poljoprivredna gazdinstva prema aktivnosti i izvorima prihoda(Podgorica, april 2007., Zavod za statistiku) 13. Izvještaj o milenijumskim razvojnim ciljevima u Crnoj Gori 2010-2013(Ministarstvo održivog razvoja i turizma-Vlada CG i Sistem Ujedinjenih naroda u Crnoj Gori) 14. Strategija razvoja saobraćaja Crne Gore(Ministarstvo saobraćaja, pomorstva i telekomunikacija- Vlada CG) 15. Etnički sastav stanovništva Crne Gore prema rezultatima stanovništva 1953. Godine-nivo

128 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

opština(Kragujevac, august 2012.) 16. Event turizam-značaj i potencijal na području Kotora(Beograd 2009., magistarski rad) 17. Strategija s planom razvoja šuma i šumarstva-Nacionalna šumarska strategija(jun 2013., LUX DEV, Ministarstvo poljoprivrede i ruralnog razvoja, nacrt) 18. Statistički godišnjak Crne Gore 2015.- pregled po općinama 2010-2014 19. Statistički godišnjak Crne Gore 2014.-pregled po općinama 2013 20. Statistički godišnjak Crne Gore 2012.-pregled po općinama 2011 21. Broj i struktura subjekata u administrativnom registru 2013. godine(Podgorica, 21. januar 2014., Zavod za statistiku, saopštenje) 22. Analiza broja poslovnih subjekata po opštinama i po sektorima(Podgorica, septembar 2012., Zavoda za statistiku, Odsjek za registre) 23. Stanovništvo Crne Gore prema spolu, tipu naselja, nacionalnoj, odnosno etničkoj pripadnosti, vjeroispovijesti i maternjem jeziku po opštinama u Crnoj Gori 2011(Podgorica 2011., Zavod za statistiku, saopštenje) 24. Strategija razvoja turizma u Crnoj Gori do 2020. godine(Podgorica, decembar 2008., Ministarstvo turizma i zaštite životne sredine) 25. Strategije razvoja hraniteljstva u Crnoj Gori s akcionim planom za period 2012.-2016.(Podgorica, mart 2012., Ministrastvo rada i socijalnog staranja, rezime) 26. Ekonomija i zaštita životne sredine-Zelena budućnost za Crnu Goru(april 2014., UNDP) 27. Western Balkans Environmental Programme –Final Report 2007.-2010.(oktobar 2010., UNDP) 28. Bruto nacionalni dohodak Crne Gore 2010-2014 29. Popis prema nacionalnoj, odnosno etničkoj pripadnosti i maternjem jeziku po opštinama – Popis stanovništava, domaćinstava i stanova u Crnoj Gori 2011. 30. Migracije stanovništva unutar Crne Gore po opštinama 2014. 31. Redovne osnovne škole kraj 2013./2014. školske godine 32. Korisnici penzija 2014. 33. Rođeni i umrli po spolu i prirodni priraštaj 2010-2014 34. Promet u morskim lukama 2014. 35. Smještajni kapaciteti, august 2014. 36. Redovne srednje škole, kraj 2013./2014. školske godine 37. Stanovništvo prema spolu po opštinama, broj i struktura, popis 2011. 38. Osnovni demografski pokzatelji po opštinama 2010-2014 39. Stanovništvo prema ekonomskoj aktivnosti po opštinama,popis 2011. 40. Stanovništvo prema starosti po opštinama, popis 2011. 41. Aktivno stanovništvo prema zaposlenosti po opštinama , popis 2011. 42. Studenti prema prebivalištu 2010-2015 43. Turizam 2010-2014 44. Zaposleni prema polu po opštinama za 2014.-godišnji prosjek 1. Municipality 1. LEAP općine Herceg Novi(jun 2006., REC, Općina Herceg Novi, nacrt) 2. Lokalni plan akcije za mlade-LPAM općine Kotor 3. Nacionalni sastav po naseljenim mjestima općine Nikšić 4. Nacionalni sastav po naseljenim mjestima općine Herceg Novi prema popisu 2003.

129 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

5. Nacionalni sastav po naseljenim mjestima općine Kotor prema popisu 2003. 6. Program socio-ekonomskog razvoja Herceg Novog (Bratislava-Slovačka, Herceg Novi-CG, 2009., REC, nacrt) 7. Odluka o budžetu općine Kotor za 2015. godinu 8. Program razvoja kulture općine Kotor 2013.-2017. godine(Kotor, novembar 2013., Opština Kotor, Sekretarijat za kulturu, sport i društvene djelatnosti) 9. Strateški plan razvoja opštine Kotor 2013.-2017.(Kotor, decembar 2012., Opština Kotor) 10. Strateški plan razvoja opštine Nikšić 2014.-2019.(mart 2014., Opština Nikšić, Služba menadžera) 11. Strateški plan razvoja općine Tivat

Vineyards in Krš region

130 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

ANNEX 7 TABLES OF ID OF MUNICIPALITY

BERKOVICI ID CARD Demographic data Male Female Total Population - total 2.272 Population up to 15 Population in active age (16 – 64) Population over 64 Natural growth -15 Population with primary education Population with secondary education Population with university education Population without primary education Pupils in elementary schools 250 Students in secondary schools 78 University students 36 People who have left the area 54 Returnees Employees 131 97 228 People receiving social assistance 7 Number of pensioners % of urban population 1000

Development of the infrastructure and institutions Water supply network (km) 19 The coverage of water supply network in rural areas (%) 0 Sewage network (km, or % of households with access) Sewage network coverage in rural areas (% of households) 0 Coverage of the collection of solid waste (% of households) Regional roads (km) 29 Local asphalted roads (km) 34,80 Local unpaved roads (km) 109,16 The availability of electric power (% of households with access) 100 The quality of el. Energy (% of households with three-phase supply) 100 Number of local public transport lines % Of local communities covered by public transport The number of regional public transport lines The number of international lines of public transport

131 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Number of kindergartens 1 Number of elementary schools 5 Number of high schools 1 Number of universities (colleges) 0 Number of cinemas 0 Number of weekly cinema screenings 0 Number of theatres 0 Number of theatre performances 0 number of libraries 1 number of swimming pools 0 Number sports grounds 2 TV signal coverage (% of households) 100 The coverage of mobile telephony 90 % Of households with Internet connection

Civil society level of development Cultural and artistic clubs 2 Sport clubs 1 Organizations involved in environmental protection 3 Organizations that deal with socio-economic issues 5 Other of importance

Natural and cultural heritage in the region Protected areas (ha, m2-list them) 0 National parks (ha, m2-list them) 0 Fishing zones (ha, m2, list them) 0 Hunting grounds (ha, m2, list them) Berkovici (26,4 ha) Number of recreation centers 1 Number of ethno villages 0

Structure of the economy No of empl % No of comp % A.Agriculture, forestry and fishing 6 2,6% 3 5,0% B Mining and quarrying 10 4,4% 4 6,7% C Manufacturing 0 0,0% 6 10,0% D Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning production 11 4,8% 4 6,7% and supply E Water supply, sewerage, waste management and 5 2,2% 1 1,7% remediation activities F Construction 9 3,9% 1 1,7% G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles 50 21,9% 6 10,0% and motorcycles H Transport and storage 2 0,9% 4 6,7% I Accommodation and food services activities 14 6,1% 0 0,0%

132 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

J Information and communication 0 0,0% 0 0,0% K Financial and insurance activities 0 0,0% 1 1,7% L Real estate activities 0 0,0% 0 0,0% M Professional, scientific and tehnical activities 0 0,0% 0 0,0% N Administrative and support service activities 1 0,4% 0 0,0% O Public administration and defense; compulsory social 46 20,2% 1 1,7% security P Education 48 21,1% 2 3,3% Q Human health and social work activities 20 8,8% 3 5,0% R Arts, entertainment and recreation 5 2,2% 8 13,3% S Other service activities 1 0,4% 16 26,7% Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods - and services-producing activities of households for own use Activities of extra-territorial organisations and bodies TOTAL 228 100 % 60 100 %

EUR Total investments Foreign total investments (FDI)

Total area (ha) Urbanised land (ha) Agricultural land (ha) 2.283 Arable land (ha) 2283 Sown land (ha) 443 Orchards (ha) 151 Vineyards (ha) Meadows and Pastures (ha) 14.806 Ponds and swamps (ha) Forest land (ha) 2.669 Deciduous forests (ha) 2.657 Coniferous forests (ha) 12

Agricultural cooperatives 0 Cooperatives 0

Hotels 0 Motels 0 Overnight stays 0 Foreign tourists 0 Travel agencies 0

133 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Number Rural households 800 Farms Cattle Milking cows Sheep Pigs Poultry

BILECA ID CARD Demographic data Male Female Total Population - total 7.077 7.515 11.536 Population up to 15 Population in active age (16 – 64) Population over 64 Natural growth -51 Population with primary education Population with secondary education Population with university education Population without primary education Pupils in elementary schools 970 Students in secondary schools 586 University students 298 People who have left the area 91 Returnees Employees 818 737 1.555 People receiving social assistance 501 Number of pensioners % of urban population 10.200 (70%)

Development of the infrastructure and institutions Water supply network (km) Urban area The coverage of water supply network in rural areas (%) 0 Sewage network (km, or % of households with access) Sewage network coverage in rural areas (% of households) 0 Coverage of the collection of solid waste (% of households) Regional roads (km) Local asphalted roads (km) Local unpaved roads (km) 80% The availability of electric power (% of households with access) 100%

134 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

The quality of el. Energy (% of households with three-phase supply) Number of local public transport lines % Of local communities covered by public transport The number of regional public transport lines The number of international lines of public transport Number of kindergartens 1 Number of elementary schools 5 Number of high schools 1 Number of universities (colleges) 0 Number of cinemas Number of weekly cinema screenings Number of theatres Number of theatre performances number of libraries 1 number of swimming pools Number sports grounds 2 TV signal coverage (% of households) 90% The coverage of mobile telephony 90% % Of households with Internet connection

Civil society level of development Cultural and artistic clubs 4 Sport clubs 7 Organizations involved in environmental protection 4 Organizations that deal with socio-economic issues 3 Other of importance

Natural and cultural heritage in the region Protected areas (ha, m2-list them) National parks (ha, m2-list them) Fishing zones (ha, m2, list them) Hunting grounds (ha, m2, list them) Vidusa (63,7 ha) Number of recreation centers Number of ethno villages 0

Structure of the economy No of empl % No of comp % A.Agriculture, forestry and fishing 8 0,5% 7 3,1% B Mining and quarrying 0 0,0% 2 0,9% C Manufacturing 213 13,7% 33 14,5% D Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning production 77 5,0% 1 0,4% and supply E Water supply, sewerage, waste management and 110 7,1% 7 3,1% remediation activities

135 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

F Construction 144 9,3% 8 3,5% G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles 256 16,5% 72 31,6% and motorcycles H Transport and storage 45 2,9% 15 6,6% I Accommodation and food services activities 93 6,0% 4 1,8% J Information and communication 22 1,4% 2 0,9% K Financial and insurance activities 18 1,2% 0 0,0% L Real estate activities 0 0,0% 0 0,0% M Professional, scientific and tehnical activities 16 1,0% 3 1,3% N Administrative and support service activities 5 0,3% 0 0,0% O Public administration and defense; compulsory social 205 13,2% 5 2,2% security P Education 204 13,1% 6 2,6% Q Human health and social work activities 75 4,8% 5 2,2% R Arts, entertainment and recreation 39 2,5% 24 10,5% S Other service activities 25 1,6% 34 14,9% Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods - and services-producing activities of households for own use Activities of extra-territorial organisations and bodies TOTAL 1555 100 % 228 100 %

EUR Total investments Foreign total investments (FDI)

Total area (ha) Urbanised land (ha) Agricultural land (ha) 40.751 Arable land (ha) 2.813 Sown land (ha) 1.066 Orchards (ha) 141 Vineyards (ha) Meadows and Pastures (ha) 37.620 Ponds and swamps (ha) Forest land (ha) 9.281 Deciduous forests (ha) 8.554 Coniferous forests (ha) 727

Agricultural cooperatives 3 Cooperatives

136 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Hotels 1 Motels 1 Overnight stays 0 Foreign tourists 0 Travel agencies

Number Rural households Farms Cattle Milking cows Sheep Pigs Poultry

CAPLJINA ID CARD

Demographic data Male Female Total Population - total 22.583 Population up to 15 3.702 Population in active age (16 – 64) 14.726 Population over 64 4.155 Natural growth -108 Population with primary education Population with secondary education Population with university education Population without primary education Pupils in elementary schools 2.025 Students in secondary schools 653 University students 645 People who have left the area -5299 Returnees Employees 1.882 1.451 3.333 People receiving social assistance Number of pensioners 3.925 % of urban population 21.782

Development of the infrastructure and institutions Water supply network (km) The coverage of water supply network in rural areas (%)

137 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Sewage network (km, or % of households with access) Urban areas only Sewage network coverage in rural areas (% of households) Coverage of the collection of solid waste (% of households) Regional roads (km) 30 Local asphalted roads (km) 96 Local unpaved roads (km) The availability of electric power (% of households with access) 100% The quality of el. Energy (% of households with three-phase supply) Number of local public transport lines % Of local communities covered by public transport The number of regional public transport lines The number of international lines of public transport Number of kindergartens 1 Number of elementary schools 22 Number of high schools 1 Number of universities (colleges) 0 Number of cinemas 1 Number of weekly cinema screenings Number of theatres Number of theatre performances 1 number of libraries number of swimming pools Number sports grounds 1+4 TV signal coverage (% of households) 95% The coverage of mobile telephony 100% % Of households with Internet connection

Civil society level of development Cultural and artistic clubs 15 Sport clubs 20 Organizations involved in environmental protection 8 Organizations that deal with socio-economic issues 7 Other of importance

Natural and cultural heritage in the region Protected areas (ha, m2-list them) Hutovo blato (7.411 ha) - 3.252 ha water surface and 4.159 ha land surface National parks (ha, m2-list them) Fishing zones (ha, m2, list them) Hunting grounds (ha, m2, list them) Loviste Capljina Number of recreation centers Number of ethno villages

138 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Structure of the economy No of empl % No of comp % A.Agriculture, forestry and fishing 0 0 49 4,2% B Mining and quarrying 0 0 7 0,6% C Manufacturing 0 0 115 9,8% D Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning production 0 0 7 0,6% and supply E Water supply, sewerage, waste management and 0 0 2 0,2% remediation activities F Construction 0 0 41 3,5% G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles 0 0 414 35,4% and motorcycles H Transport and storage 0 0 40 3,4% I Accommodation and food services activities 0 0 176 15,0% J Information and communication 0 0 10 0,9% K Financial and insurance activities 0 0 3 0,3% L Real estate activities 0 0 3 0,3% M Professional, scientific and tehnical activities 0 0 46 3,9% N Administrative and support service activities 0 0 15 1,3% O Public administration and defense; compulsory social 0 0 32 2,7% security P Education 0 0 11 0,9% Q Human health and social work activities 0 0 22 1,9% R Arts, entertainment and recreation 0 0 59 5,0% S Other service activities 0 0 119 10,2% Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods - and services-producing activities of households for own use Activities of extra-territorial organisations and bodies TOTAL 0 100 1171 100

EUR Total investments Foreign total investments (FDI)

Total area (ha) Urbanised land (ha) Agricultural land (ha) 14.931 Arable land (ha) 5.931 Sown land (ha) 4.000 Orchards (ha) 460 Vineyards (ha) 671 Meadows and Pastures (ha) 9800 Ponds and swamps (ha) 0 Forest land (ha) 7.600

139 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Deciduous forests (ha) Coniferous forests (ha)

Agricultural cooperatives 3 Cooperatives

Hotels 1 Motels 3 Overnight stays Foreign tourists Travel agencies

Number Rural households Farms Cattle Milking cows Sheep Pigs Poultry

CITLUK ID CARD Demographic data Male Female Total Population - total 15.843 Population up to 15 3.153 Population in active age (16 – 64) 10.274 Population over 64 2.416 Natural growth -43 Population with primary education Population with secondary education Population with university education Population without primary education Pupils in elementary schools 1.876 Students in secondary schools 914 University students 650 People who have left the area 760 Returnees Employees 2.838 2.518 5.356 People receiving social assistance Number of pensioners 2.331

140 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

% of urban population 15.175

Development of the infrastructure and institutions Water supply network (km) The coverage of water supply network in rural areas (%) Sewage network (km, or % of households with access) Sewage network coverage in rural areas (% of households) Coverage of the collection of solid waste (% of households) Regional roads (km) 50 Local asphalted roads (km) 88 Local unpaved roads (km) The availability of electric power (% of households with access) 100% The quality of el. Energy (% of households with three-phase supply) Number of local public transport lines % Of local communities covered by public transport The number of regional public transport lines The number of international lines of public transport Number of kindergartens 3 Number of elementary schools 11 Number of high schools 1 Number of universities (colleges) 0 Number of cinemas Number of weekly cinema screenings Number of theatres Number of theatre performances number of libraries number of swimming pools 3 Number sports grounds 4 TV signal coverage (% of households) 100% The coverage of mobile telephony 100% % Of households with Internet connection

Civil society level of development Cultural and artistic clubs 5 Sport clubs 17 Organizations involved in environmental protection 2 Organizations that deal with socio-economic issues 3 Other of importance

Natural and cultural heritage in the region Protected areas (ha, m2-list them) National parks (ha, m2-list them) Fishing zones (ha, m2, list them)

141 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Hunting grounds (ha, m2, list them) Loviste Čitluk Number of recreation centers 7 Number of ethno villages 2

Structure of the economy No of empl % No of comp % A.Agriculture, forestry and fishing 0 0 11 0,6% B Mining and quarrying 0 0 5 0,3% C Manufacturing 0 0 190 11,0% D Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning production 0 0 3 0,2% and supply E Water supply, sewerage, waste management and 0 0 3 0,2% remediation activities F Construction 0 0 58 3,4% G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles 0 0 521 30,1% and motorcycles H Transport and storage 0 0 131 7,6% I Accommodation and food services activities 0 0 446 25,8% J Information and communication 0 0 10 0,6% K Financial and insurance activities 0 0 2 0,1% L Real estate activities 0 0 8 0,5% M Professional, scientific and tehnical activities 0 0 48 2,8% N Administrative and support service activities 0 0 44 2,5% O Public administration and defense; compulsory social 0 0 29 1,7% security P Education 0 0 14 0,8% Q Human health and social work activities 0 0 45 2,6% R Arts, entertainment and recreation 0 0 41 2,4% S Other service activities 0 0 120 6,9% Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods - and services-producing activities of households for own use Activities of extra-territorial organisations and bodies TOTAL 0 0 1729 100

EUR Total investments Foreign total investments (FDI)

Total area (ha) Urbanised land (ha) Agricultural land (ha) 8.164 Arable land (ha) 4.398 Sown land (ha) 3.254 Orchards (ha) 30

142 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Vineyards (ha) 500 Meadows and Pastures (ha) 3.380 Ponds and swamps (ha) 0 Forest land (ha) 8.994 Deciduous forests (ha) Coniferous forests (ha)

Agricultural cooperatives 2 Cooperatives

Hotels 39 Motels 51 +36 Overnight stays Foreign tourists Travel agencies 10

Number Rural households Farms Cattle Milking cows Sheep Pigs Poultry

DUBROVAČKO PRIMORJE ID CARD Demographic data Male Female Total Population - total 1.060 1.110 2.170 Population up to 15 145 184 329 Population in active age (16 – 64) 664 607 1.271 Population over 64 251 319 570 Natural growth 23 Population with primary education 582 699 1.281 Population with secondary education 2.137 1.786 3.923 Population with university education 616 628 1.244 Population without primary education 32 Pupils in elementary schools 158 Students in secondary schools 65 University students 92

143 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

People who have left the area Returnees Employees 429 291 720 People receiving social assistance 104 Number of pensioners 653 % of urban population

Development of the infrastructure and institutions Water supply network (km) The coverage of water supply network in rural areas (%) Sewage network (km, or % of households with access) Sewage network coverage in rural areas (% of households) Coverage of the collection of solid waste (% of households) Regional roads (km) Local asphalted roads (km) Local unpaved roads (km) The availability of electric power (% of households with access) 100 The quality of el. Energy (% of households with three-phase supply) Number of local public transport lines % Of local communities covered by public transport The number of regional public transport lines The number of international lines of public transport Number of kindergartens Number of elementary schools 1 Number of high schools 0 Number of universities (colleges) 0 Number of cinemas Number of weekly cinema screenings Number of theatres Number of theatre performances number of libraries number of swimming pools 1 Number sports grounds 2 TV signal coverage (% of households) 100 The coverage of mobile telephony 100 % Of households with Internet connection

Civil society level of development Cultural and artistic clubs 11 Sport clubs 8 Organizations involved in environmental protection 5 Organizations that deal with socio-economic issues 2 Other of importance

144 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Natural and cultural heritage in the region Protected areas (ha, m2-list them) National parks (ha, m2-list them) Fishing zones (ha, m2, list them) Hunting grounds (ha, m2, list them) Number of recreation centers Number of ethno villages

Structure of the economy No of empl % No of comp % A.Agriculture, forestry and fishing 17 2,4% 2 0,7% B Mining and quarrying 8 1,1% 28 10,3% C Manufacturing 54 7,6% 12 4,4% D Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning production 13 1,8% 0 0,0% and supply E Water supply, sewerage, waste management and 12 1,7% remediation activities F Construction 58 8,1% 34 12,5% G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles 77 10,8% 12 4,4% and motorcycles H Transport and storage 77 10,8% 8 2,9% I Accommodation and food services activities 123 17,3% 36 13,2% J Information and communication 13 1,8% 0 0,0% K Financial and insurance activities 17 2,4% L Real estate activities 1 0,1% M Professional, scientific and tehnical activities 23 3,2% 43 15,8% N Administrative and support service activities 23 3,2% O Public administration and defense; compulsory social 75 10,5% security P Education 44 6,2% 97 35,7% Q Human health and social work activities 54 7,6% R Arts, entertainment and recreation 9 1,3% S Other service activities 14 2,0% Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods - and services-producing activities of households for own use Activities of extra-territorial organisations and bodies TOTAL 712 100 272 100

EUR Total investments Foreign total investments (FDI)

145 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Total area (ha) Urbanised land (ha) Agricultural land (ha) 1.657,4 Arable land (ha) Sown land (ha) Orchards (ha) Vineyards (ha) Meadows and Pastures (ha) Ponds and swamps (ha) Forest land (ha) Deciduous forests (ha) Coniferous forests (ha)

Agricultural cooperatives 1 Cooperatives

Hotels 2 Motels 10+56 Overnight stays Foreign tourists Travel agencies 1

Number Rural households Farms Cattle Milking cows Sheep Pigs Poultry GACKO ID CARD Demographic data Male Female Total Population - total 9.734 Population up to 15 Population in active age (16 – 64) Population over 64 Natural growth -32 Population with primary education Population with secondary education Population with university education

146 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Population without primary education Pupils in elementary schools 870 Students in secondary schools 487 University students 215 People who have left the area 77 Returnees Employees 2.009 1.016 3.025 People receiving social assistance 807 Number of pensioners % of urban population

Development of the infrastructure and institutions Water supply network (km) 60% The coverage of water supply network in rural areas (%) Sewage network (km, or % of households with access) Sewage network coverage in rural areas (% of households) Coverage of the collection of solid waste (% of households) Regional roads (km) 47 (19 asphalted), 81,3-magistral Local asphalted roads (km) 102 Local unpaved roads (km) 239 The availability of electric power (% of households with access) The quality of el. Energy (% of households with three-phase supply) Number of local public transport lines % Of local communities covered by public transport The number of regional public transport lines The number of international lines of public transport Number of kindergartens 1 Number of elementary schools 7 Number of high schools 1 Number of universities (colleges) 0 Number of cinemas 1 Number of weekly cinema screenings Number of theatres Number of theatre performances number of libraries 1 number of swimming pools Number sports grounds 3 TV signal coverage (% of households) The coverage of mobile telephony 95% % Of households with Internet connection

Civil society level of development Cultural and artistic clubs 4

147 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Sport clubs 7 Organizations involved in environmental protection 4 Organizations that deal with socio-economic issues 2 Other of importance

Natural and cultural heritage in the region Protected areas (ha, m2-list them) National parks (ha, m2-list them) 1, part of NP Sutjeska Fishing zones (ha, m2, list them) Hunting grounds (ha, m2, list them) Gacko (67,2 ha) Number of recreation centers 1 Number of ethno villages 0

Structure of the economy No of empl % No of comp % A.Agriculture, forestry and fishing 31 1,0% 4 3,1% B Mining and quarrying 722 23,9% 2 1,6% C Manufacturing 195 6,4% 13 10,2% D Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning production 980 32,4% 4 3,1% and supply E Water supply, sewerage, waste management and 122 4,0% 3 2,3% remediation activities F Construction 50 1,7% 8 6,3% G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles 159 5,3% 25 19,5% and motorcycles H Transport and storage 97 3,2% 5 3,9% I Accommodation and food services activities 117 3,9% 2 1,6% J Information and communication 19 0,6% 1 0,8% K Financial and insurance activities 20 0,7% 0 0,0% L Real estate activities 2 0,1% 1 0,8% M Professional, scientific and tehnical activities 20 0,7% 4 3,1% N Administrative and support service activities 2 0,1% 2 1,6% O Public administration and defense; compulsory social 175 5,8% 1 0,8% security P Education 172 5,7% 2 1,6% Q Human health and social work activities 85 2,8% 4 3,1% R Arts, entertainment and recreation 30 1,0% 19 14,8% S Other service activities 27 0,9% 28 21,9% Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods - and services-producing activities of households for own use Activities of extra-territorial organisations and bodies TOTAL 3025 100 128 100

148 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

EUR Total investments Foreign total investments (FDI)

Total area (ha) Urbanised land (ha) Agricultural land (ha) 14.854 Arable land (ha) 4.643 Sown land (ha) 724 Orchards (ha) 11 Vineyards (ha) Meadows and Pastures (ha) 43.939 Ponds and swamps (ha) Forest land (ha) 12.352 Deciduous forests (ha) 8.972 Coniferous forests (ha) 3.380

Agricultural cooperatives 2 Cooperatives 1

Hotels 1 Motels 4 Overnight stays 7.131 Foreign tourists 514 Travel agencies

Number Rural households Farms 570 Cattle 0 Milking cows 5.000 Sheep 25.000 Pigs 500 Poultry 50.000

149 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

HERCEG NOVI ID CARD Demographic data Male Female Total Population - total 14990 15874 30864 Population up to 15 3100 2409 5509 Population in active age (16 – 64) 10316 10892 21208 Population over 64 1984 2577 4557 Natural growth 2 Population with primary education 1606 2586 4192 Population with secondary education 7812 7613 15425 Population with university education 2803 2282 5085 Population without primary education Pupils in elementary schools 3.028 Students in secondary schools 996 University students 806 People who have left the area Returnees Employees 4.984 10.471 People receiving social assistance 1.852 Number of pensioners 6.322 % of urban population

Development of the infrastructure and institutions Water supply network (km) The coverage of water supply network in rural areas (%) Sewage network (km, or % of households with access) Sewage network coverage in rural areas (% of households) Coverage of the collection of solid waste (% of households) Regional roads (km) Local asphalted roads (km) Local unpaved roads (km) The availability of electric power (% of households with access) 90% The quality of el. Energy (% of households with three-phase supply) Number of local public transport lines 40-45 % Of local communities covered by public transport The number of regional public transport lines The number of international lines of public transport 30 Number of kindergartens Number of elementary schools 10 Number of high schools 1 Number of universities (colleges) Number of cinemas 2+3 otovrena

150 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Number of weekly cinema screenings Number of theatres 3 Number of theatre performances number of libraries 1+1 number of swimming pools 1+7 otovoreni Number sports grounds 26 TV signal coverage (% of households) 100% The coverage of mobile telephony 100% % Of households with Internet connection

Civil society level of development Cultural and artistic clubs 29 Sport clubs 24 Organizations involved in environmental protection 14 Organizations that deal with socio-economic issues 13 Other of importance

Natural and cultural heritage in the region Protected areas (ha, m2-list them) National parks (ha, m2-list them) Fishing zones (ha, m2, list them) Hunting grounds (ha, m2, list them) Loviste Orijen Number of recreation centers 3 Number of ethno villages

Structure of the economy No of empl % No of comp % A.Agriculture, forestry and fishing 43 0,4% 14 0,8% B Mining and quarrying 2 0,0% 2 0,1% C Manufacturing 964 9,0% 122 6,8% D Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning production 84 0,8% 0 0,0% and supply E Water supply, sewerage, waste management and 317 3,0% 2 0,1% remediation activities F Construction 533 5,0% 210 11,6% G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles 2499 23,4% 597 33,0% and motorcycles H Transport and storage 927 8,7% 88 4,9% I Accommodation and food services activities 1028 9,6% 301 16,7% J Information and communication 167 1,6% 33 1,8% K Financial and insurance activities 152 1,4% 13 0,7% L Real estate activities 88 0,8% 125 6,9% M Professional, scientific and tehnical activities 416 3,9% 154 8,5% N Administrative and support service activities 216 2,0% 55 3,0%

151 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

O Public administration and defense; compulsory social 847 7,9% 3 0,2% security P Education 523 4,9% 6 0,3% Q Human health and social work activities 1326 12,4% 10 0,6% R Arts, entertainment and recreation 263 2,5% 19 1,1% S Other service activities 305 2,9% 53 2,9% Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods - and services-producing activities of households for own use Activities of extra-territorial organisations and bodies TOTAL 10700 100 1807 100

EUR Total investments Foreign total investments (FDI)

Total area (ha) Urbanised land (ha) Agricultural land (ha) 1.645 Arable land (ha) Sown land (ha) Orchards (ha) Vineyards (ha) 108 Meadows and Pastures (ha) 6.498 Ponds and swamps (ha) Forest land (ha) 13.806 Deciduous forests (ha) Coniferous forests (ha)

Agricultural cooperatives 1 Cooperatives

Hotels 11 Motels 18+185 Overnight stays 1.635.874 Foreign tourists 177.982 Travel agencies

Number Rural households Farms Cattle 613 Milking cows Sheep 909

152 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Pigs 74 Poultry 11.231

KONAVLE ID CARD Demographic data Male Female Total Population - total 4.270 4.307 8.577 Population up to 15 737 678 1.415 Population in active age (16 – 64) 2.889 2.790 5.679 Population over 64 644 839 1.483 Natural growth 101 Population with primary education 582 699 1.281 Population with secondary education 2.137 1.786 3.923 Population with university education 616 628 1.244 Population without primary education 73 Pupils in elementary schools 701 Students in secondary schools 409 University students 473 People who have left the area Returnees Employees 1.850 1.523 3.373 People receiving social assistance 136 Number of pensioners 1.922 % of urban population

Development of the infrastructure and institutions Water supply network (km) The coverage of water supply network in rural areas (%) Sewage network (km, or % of households with access) Sewage network coverage in rural areas (% of households) Coverage of the collection of solid waste (% of households) Regional roads (km) 61,5+37,2 Local asphalted roads (km) 32,2 Local unpaved roads (km) The availability of electric power (% of households with access) The quality of el. Energy (% of households with three-phase supply) Number of local public transport lines % Of local communities covered by public transport The number of regional public transport lines The number of international lines of public transport Number of kindergartens

153 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Number of elementary schools 2 Number of high schools 0 Number of universities (colleges) 0 Number of cinemas Number of weekly cinema screenings Number of theatres Number of theatre performances number of libraries number of swimming pools 2 Number sports grounds 3 TV signal coverage (% of households) 95 The coverage of mobile telephony 100 % Of households with Internet connection

Civil society level of development Cultural and artistic clubs 10 Sport clubs 14 Organizations involved in environmental protection Organizations that deal with socio-economic issues 7 Other of importance

Natural and cultural heritage in the region Protected areas (ha, m2-list them) National parks (ha, m2-list them) Fishing zones (ha, m2, list them) 18 Hunting grounds (ha, m2, list them) Number of recreation centers 1 Number of ethno villages 1

Structure of the economy No of empl % No of comp % A.Agriculture, forestry and fishing 66 2,0% 4 0,2% B Mining and quarrying 1 0,0% 0 0,0% C Manufacturing 90 2,7% 42 2,0% D Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning production 23 0,7% 50 2,4% and supply E Water supply, sewerage, waste management and 54 1,6% remediation activities F Construction 236 7,0% 245 11,8% G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles 479 14,2% 153 7,4% and motorcycles H Transport and storage 638 19,0% 492 23,7% I Accommodation and food services activities 667 19,8% 420 20,2% J Information and communication 40 1,2% 28 1,3%

154 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

K Financial and insurance activities 70 2,1% L Real estate activities 7 0,2% M Professional, scientific and tehnical activities 96 2,9% 407 19,6% N Administrative and support service activities 129 3,8% O Public administration and defense; compulsory social 285 8,5% security P Education 206 6,1% 234 11,3% Q Human health and social work activities 154 4,6% R Arts, entertainment and recreation 63 1,9% S Other service activities 61 1,8% Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods - and services-producing activities of households for own use Activities of extra-territorial organisations and bodies TOTAL 3365 100 2075 100

EUR Total investments Foreign total investments (FDI)

Total area (ha) Urbanised land (ha) Agricultural land (ha) 5.721 Arable land (ha) Sown land (ha) Orchards (ha) Vineyards (ha) Meadows and Pastures (ha) Ponds and swamps (ha) Forest land (ha) 3.017,05 Deciduous forests (ha) Coniferous forests (ha)

Agricultural cooperatives 1 Cooperatives

Hotels 36 Motels 120 Overnight stays 549.014 Foreign tourists 78.276 Travel agencies

Number Rural households

155 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Farms Cattle 496 Milking cows Sheep 1.452 Pigs 518 Poultry 6.294

KOTOR ID CARD Demographic data Male Female Total Population - total 10837 11764 22.601 Population up to 15 1971 1.781 3.752 Population in active age (16 – 64) 7624 8.024 16.957 Population over 64 1242 1.959 3.201 Natural growth 53 Population with primary education 1370 2023 3.393 Population with secondary education 4819 4887 9.706 Population with university education 1895 1571 3.466 Population without primary education Pupils in elementary schools 1.999 Students in secondary schools 1.223 University students 811 People who have left the area Returnees Employees 3.306 6.875 People receiving social assistance 2.504 Number of pensioners 4.790 % of urban population

Development of the infrastructure and institutions Water supply network (km) 94,3 The coverage of water supply network in rural areas (%) 92 Sewage network (km, or % of households with access) 27,1km, 65% Sewage network coverage in rural areas (% of households) 45 Coverage of the collection of solid waste (% of households) Regional roads (km) 51,2 (mag) + 60,3 reg Local asphalted roads (km) 117 Local unpaved roads (km) 63 The availability of electric power (% of households with access) The quality of el. Energy (% of households with three-phase supply) Number of local public transport lines

156 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

% Of local communities covered by public transport The number of regional public transport lines The number of international lines of public transport Number of kindergartens Number of elementary schools 9 Number of high schools 3 Number of universities (colleges) Number of cinemas 1 Number of weekly cinema screenings Number of theatres Number of theatre performances number of libraries 1 number of swimming pools 3 Number sports grounds 10 TV signal coverage (% of households) The coverage of mobile telephony 95% % Of households with Internet connection

Civil society level of development Cultural and artistic clubs 35 Sport clubs 31 Organizations involved in environmental protection 7 Organizations that deal with socio-economic issues 33 Other of importance

Natural and cultural heritage in the region Protected areas (ha, m2-list them) National parks (ha, m2-list them) Fishing zones (ha, m2, list them) Hunting grounds (ha, m2, list them) Lovište Orijen Number of recreation centers 1 Number of ethno villages

Structure of the economy No of empl % No of comp % A.Agriculture, forestry and fishing 35 0,5% 10 1,0% B Mining and quarrying 14 0,2% 5 0,5% C Manufacturing 327 4,4% 52 5,4% D Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning production 77 1,0% 1 0,1% and supply E Water supply, sewerage, waste management and 292 3,9% 0 0,0% remediation activities F Construction 237 3,2% 84 8,7%

157 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles 1570 20,9% 343 35,5% and motorcycles H Transport and storage 1519 20,2% 38 3,9% I Accommodation and food services activities 583 7,8% 109 11,3% J Information and communication 97 1,3% 13 1,3% K Financial and insurance activities 132 1,8% 5 0,5% L Real estate activities 38 0,5% 125 12,9% M Professional, scientific and tehnical activities 290 3,9% 102 10,5% N Administrative and support service activities 162 2,2% 44 4,6% O Public administration and defense; compulsory social 562 7,5% 2 0,2% security P Education 525 7,0% 2 0,2% Q Human health and social work activities 646 8,6% 2 0,2% R Arts, entertainment and recreation 212 2,8% 12 1,2% S Other service activities 199 2,6% 18 1,9% Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods - and services-producing activities of households for own use Activities of extra-territorial organisations and bodies TOTAL 7517 100 967 100

EUR Total investments Foreign total investments (FDI)

Total area (ha) Urbanised land (ha) Agricultural land (ha) 2.557 Arable land (ha) 669 Sown land (ha) 158 Orchards (ha) Vineyards (ha) Meadows and Pastures (ha) Ponds and swamps (ha) Forest land (ha) Deciduous forests (ha) Coniferous forests (ha)

Agricultural cooperatives 1 Cooperatives

158 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Hotels 16 Motels 12+264 Overnight stays 287.312 Foreign tourists 56.286 Travel agencies 16

Number Rural households Farms Cattle Milking cows Sheep Pigs Poultry

LJUBINJE ID CARD

Demographic data Male Female Total Population - total 3.756 Population up to 15 Population in active age (16 – 64) Population over 64 Natural growth -17 Population with primary education Population with secondary education Population with university education Population without primary education Pupils in elementary schools 279 Students in secondary schools 165 University students 92 People who have left the area 32 Returnees Employees 306 246 552 People receiving social assistance 936 Number of pensioners 1.000 % of urban population

Development of the infrastructure and institutions Water supply network (km) 40 The coverage of water supply network in rural areas (%)

159 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Sewage network (km, or % of households with access) city center Sewage network coverage in rural areas (% of households) Coverage of the collection of solid waste (% of households) Regional roads (km) 15(magistral) Local asphalted roads (km) 50 Local unpaved roads (km) 50 The availability of electric power (% of households with access) almost 100 The quality of el. Energy (% of households with three-phase supply) Number of local public transport lines 0 (mun) % Of local communities covered by public transport The number of regional public transport lines The number of international lines of public transport Number of kindergartens 1 Number of elementary schools 1 Number of high schools 1 Number of universities (colleges) 0 Number of cinemas Number of weekly cinema screenings Number of theatres 1 youth Number of theatre performances number of libraries 1 number of swimming pools 1 Number sports grounds 3 TV signal coverage (% of households) The coverage of mobile telephony 94 % Of households with Internet connection 205

Civil society level of development Cultural and artistic clubs 3 Sport clubs 2 Organizations involved in environmental protection 1 Organizations that deal with socio-economic issues 2 Other of importance

Natural and cultural heritage in the region Protected areas (ha, m2-list them) National parks (ha, m2-list them) Fishing zones (ha, m2, list them) Hunting grounds (ha, m2, list them) Ljubinje (34 ha) Number of recreation centers 1 Number of ethno villages 0

160 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Structure of the economy No of empl % No of comp % A.Agriculture, forestry and fishing 65 11,8% 18 16,2% B Mining and quarrying 0 0,0% 0 0,0% C Manufacturing 44 8,0% 19 17,1% D Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning production 18 3,3% 0 0,0% and supply E Water supply, sewerage, waste management and 10 1,8% 4 3,6% remediation activities F Construction 65 11,8% 4 3,6% G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles 66 12,0% 14 12,6% and motorcycles H Transport and storage 22 4,0% 3 2,7% I Accommodation and food services activities 30 5,4% 1 0,9% J Information and communication 5 0,9% 1 0,9% K Financial and insurance activities 4 0,7% 0 0,0% L Real estate activities 0 0,0% 0 0,0% M Professional, scientific and tehnical activities 8 1,4% 2 1,8% N Administrative and support service activities 5 0,9% 2 1,8% O Public administration and defense; compulsory social 84 15,2% 4 3,6% security P Education 85 15,4% 3 2,7% Q Human health and social work activities 25 4,5% 5 4,5% R Arts, entertainment and recreation 7 1,3% 10 9,0% S Other service activities 9 1,6% 21 18,9% Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods - and services-producing activities of households for own use Activities of extra-territorial organisations and bodies TOTAL 552 100 111 100

EUR Total investments Foreign total investments (FDI)

Total area (ha) Urbanised land (ha) Agricultural land (ha) Arable land (ha) 1.365 Sown land (ha) 451 Orchards (ha) 488 Vineyards (ha) Meadows and Pastures (ha) Ponds and swamps (ha) Forest land (ha) 9.696

161 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Deciduous forests (ha) 9.666 Coniferous forests (ha) 30

Agricultural cooperatives 5 Cooperatives 1

Hotels 1 Motels 0 Overnight stays 0 Foreign tourists 0 Travel agencies

Number Rural households Farms Cattle 1.250 Milking cows 1.150 Sheep 5.000 Pigs 0 Poultry 0

LJUBUSKI ID CARD Demographic data Male Female Total Population - total 23.487 Population up to 15 3.803 Population in active age (16 – 64) 15.573 Population over 64 4.111 Natural growth -47 Population with primary education Population with secondary education Population with university education Population without primary education Pupils in elementary schools 1.940 Students in secondary schools 1.089 University students 714 People who have left the area -4.853 Returnees Employees 2.284 1.637 3.921 People receiving social assistance 3.351

162 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Number of pensioners 3.095 % of urban population (18%)

Development of the infrastructure and institutions Water supply network (km) 400 The coverage of water supply network in rural areas (%) 10% Sewage network (km, or % of households with access) 20% Sewage network coverage in rural areas (% of households) Coverage of the collection of solid waste (% of households) 70% Regional roads (km) 42 Local asphalted roads (km) 156 Local unpaved roads (km) 100 The availability of electric power (% of households with access) 100 The quality of el. Energy (% of households with three-phase supply) Number of local public transport lines % Of local communities covered by public transport The number of regional public transport lines The number of international lines of public transport Number of kindergartens 1 Number of elementary schools 13 Number of high schools 2 Number of universities (colleges) 0 Number of cinemas Number of weekly cinema screenings Number of theatres Number of theatre performances number of libraries 1 number of swimming pools Number sports grounds 3 TV signal coverage (% of households) The coverage of mobile telephony 98 % Of households with Internet connection

Civil society level of development Cultural and artistic clubs 12 Sport clubs 18 Organizations involved in environmental protection 3 Organizations that deal with socio-economic issues 4 Other of importance

Natural and cultural heritage in the region Protected areas (ha, m2-list them) 1 vodopad Kravice National parks (ha, m2-list them)

163 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Fishing zones (ha, m2, list them) Hunting grounds (ha, m2, list them) Loviste Ljubuski Number of recreation centers 4 Number of ethno villages

Structure of the economy No of empl % No of comp % A.Agriculture, forestry and fishing 0 0 41 3,3% B Mining and quarrying 0 0 3 0,2% C Manufacturing 0 0 3 0,2% D Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning production 0 0 141 11,3% and supply E Water supply, sewerage, waste management and 0 0 6 0,5% remediation activities F Construction 0 0 80 6,4% G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles 0 0 371 29,7% and motorcycles H Transport and storage 0 0 119 9,5% I Accommodation and food services activities 0 0 41 3,3% J Information and communication 0 0 4 0,3% K Financial and insurance activities 0 0 78 6,2% L Real estate activities 0 0 39 3,1% M Professional, scientific and tehnical activities 0 0 16 1,3% N Administrative and support service activities 0 0 21 1,7% O Public administration and defense; compulsory social 0 0 287 23,0% security P Education 0 0 0 0,0% Q Human health and social work activities 0 0 0 0,0% R Arts, entertainment and recreation 0 0 0 0,0% S Other service activities 0 0 0 0,0% Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods - and services-producing activities of households for own use Activities of extra-territorial organisations and bodies TOTAL 0 0 1250 100

EUR Total investments Foreign total investments (FDI)

Total area (ha) Urbanised land (ha) Agricultural land (ha) 12.635 Arable land (ha) 6.155 Sown land (ha) 5.383

164 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Orchards (ha) 42 Vineyards (ha) 526 Meadows and Pastures (ha) 6.684 Ponds and swamps (ha) 0 Forest land (ha) 15.251 Deciduous forests (ha) Coniferous forests (ha)

Agricultural cooperatives 2 Cooperatives

Hotels 1 Motels 1 +20 Overnight stays Foreign tourists Travel agencies

Number Rural households Farms Cattle Milking cows Sheep Pigs Poultry

METKOVIĊ ID CARD Demographic data Male Female Total Population - total 8.302 8.486 16.788 Population up to 15 1.840 1.655 3.495 Population in active age (16 – 64) 5.511 5.564 11.075 Population over 64 951 1.267 2.218 Natural growth -17 Population with primary education 994 1.331 2.325 Population with secondary education 4.176 3.573 7.749 Population with university education 936 998 1.934 Population without primary education 178 Pupils in elementary schools 1.976 Students in secondary schools 1.041

165 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

University students 889 People who have left the area Returnees Employees 2.628 2.019 4.647 People receiving social assistance 541 Number of pensioners 3.480 % of urban population 91,3

Development of the infrastructure and institutions Water supply network (km) The coverage of water supply network in rural areas (%) Sewage network (km, or % of households with access) Sewage network coverage in rural areas (% of households) Coverage of the collection of solid waste (% of households) Regional roads (km) 11,5+14,9 Local asphalted roads (km) 7,5 Local unpaved roads (km) The availability of electric power (% of households with access) The quality of el. Energy (% of households with three-phase supply) Number of local public transport lines % Of local communities covered by public transport The number of regional public transport lines The number of international lines of public transport Number of kindergartens Number of elementary schools 4 Number of high schools 2 Number of universities (colleges) 0 Number of cinemas Number of weekly cinema screenings Number of theatres 1 Number of theatre performances number of libraries 1 number of swimming pools Number sports grounds TV signal coverage (% of households) 100 The coverage of mobile telephony 100 % Of households with Internet connection

Civil society level of development Cultural and artistic clubs 21 Sport clubs 5 Organizations involved in environmental protection 6 Organizations that deal with socio-economic issues 24

166 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Other of importance

Natural and cultural heritage in the region Protected areas (ha, m2-list them) 3 wetland areas 937 ha , Park forest 67 ha National parks (ha, m2-list them) Fishing zones (ha, m2, list them) Hunting grounds (ha, m2, list them) Number of recreation centers Number of ethno villages

Structure of the economy No of empl % No of comp % A.Agriculture, forestry and fishing 213 4,6% 138 5,0% B Mining and quarrying 6 0,1% 0 0,0% C Manufacturing 354 7,7% 194 7,0% D Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning production 51 1,1% 132 4,8% and supply E Water supply, sewerage, waste management and 88 1,9% remediation activities F Construction 445 9,6% 359 12,9% G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles 965 20,9% 487 17,5% and motorcycles H Transport and storage 464 10,0% 71 2,6% I Accommodation and food services activities 252 5,4% 6 0,2% J Information and communication 38 0,8% 117 4,2% K Financial and insurance activities 132 2,9% L Real estate activities 14 0,3% M Professional, scientific and tehnical activities 139 3,0% 618 22,3% N Administrative and support service activities 71 1,5% O Public administration and defense; compulsory social 554 12,0% security P Education 422 9,1% 655 23,6% Q Human health and social work activities 261 5,6% R Arts, entertainment and recreation 75 1,6% S Other service activities 80 1,7% Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods - and services-producing activities of households for own use Activities of extra-territorial organisations and bodies TOTAL 4624 100 2777 100

EUR Total investments Foreign total investments (FDI)

167 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Total area (ha) Urbanised land (ha) Agricultural land (ha) 380,07 Arable land (ha) 86,28 Sown land (ha) Orchards (ha) 177,93 Vineyards (ha) 31,65 Meadows and Pastures (ha) Ponds and swamps (ha) Forest land (ha) 62,45 Deciduous forests (ha) Coniferous forests (ha)

Agricultural cooperatives 7 Cooperatives

Hotels 6 Motels 1+18 Overnight stays 5.659 Foreign tourists 2.925 Travel agencies

Number Rural households Farms Cattle Milking cows Sheep Pigs Poultry

NEUM ID CARD Demographic data Male Female Total Population - total 4.364 Population up to 15 446 Population in active age (16 – 64) 3.088 Population over 64 830 Natural growth -25 Population with primary education

168 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Population with secondary education Population with university education Population without primary education Pupils in elementary schools 357 Students in secondary schools 66 University students 98 People who have left the area 39 Returnees Employees 574 461 1.035 People receiving social assistance Number of pensioners 396 % of urban population 70%

Development of the infrastructure and institutions Water supply network (km) 89% The coverage of water supply network in rural areas (%) Sewage network (km, or % of households with access) Sewage network coverage in rural areas (% of households) Coverage of the collection of solid waste (% of households) Regional roads (km) 12 +44 Local asphalted roads (km) 89 Local unpaved roads (km) 57 The availability of electric power (% of households with access) 100 The quality of el. Energy (% of households with three-phase supply) Number of local public transport lines % Of local communities covered by public transport The number of regional public transport lines The number of international lines of public transport Number of kindergartens Number of elementary schools 3 Number of high schools 1 Number of universities (colleges) 0 Number of cinemas Number of weekly cinema screenings Number of theatres Number of theatre performances number of libraries number of swimming pools 2 Number sports grounds 9 TV signal coverage (% of households) 95% The coverage of mobile telephony 100% % Of households with Internet connection

169 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Civil society level of development Cultural and artistic clubs 2 Sport clubs 3 Organizations involved in environmental protection 2 Organizations that deal with socio-economic issues 2 Other of importance

Natural and cultural heritage in the region Protected areas (ha, m2-list them) National parks (ha, m2-list them) Fishing zones (ha, m2, list them) Hunting grounds (ha, m2, list them) Loviste Neum Number of recreation centers 2 Number of ethno villages 1

Structure of the economy No of empl % No of comp % A.Agriculture, forestry and fishing 0 0 4 1,1% B Mining and quarrying 0 0 1 0,3% C Manufacturing 0 0 26 6,9% D Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning production 0 0 0 0,0% and supply E Water supply, sewerage, waste management and 0 0 2 0,5% remediation activities F Construction 0 0 17 4,5% G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles 0 0 90 24,0% and motorcycles H Transport and storage 0 0 2 0,5% I Accommodation and food services activities 0 0 147 39,2% J Information and communication 0 0 3 0,8% K Financial and insurance activities 0 0 1 0,3% L Real estate activities 0 0 6 1,6% M Professional, scientific and tehnical activities 0 0 13 3,5% N Administrative and support service activities 0 0 6 1,6% O Public administration and defense; compulsory social 0 0 3 0,8% security P Education 0 0 2 0,5% Q Human health and social work activities 0 0 5 1,3% R Arts, entertainment and recreation 0 0 20 5,3% S Other service activities 0 0 27 7,2% Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods - and services-producing activities of households for own use Activities of extra-territorial organisations and bodies TOTAL 0 0 375 100

170 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

EUR Total investments Foreign total investments (FDI)

Total area (ha) Urbanised land (ha) Agricultural land (ha) 15.011 Arable land (ha) 915 Sown land (ha) 812 Orchards (ha) 5 Vineyards (ha) 42 Meadows and Pastures (ha) 14.152 Ponds and swamps (ha) 0 Forest land (ha) 7.106 Deciduous forests (ha) Coniferous forests (ha)

Agricultural cooperatives 1 Cooperatives

Hotels 9 Motels 1 +34 Overnight stays Foreign tourists Travel agencies 5

Number Rural households Farms Cattle 557 Milking cows Sheep 2.610 Pigs 350 Poultry 4.500

171 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

NEVESINJE ID CARD Demographic data Male Female Total Population - total 13.758 Population up to 15 17 % Population in active age (16 – 64) 63 % Population over 64 20 % Natural growth -90 Population with primary education Population with secondary education Population with university education Population without primary education Pupils in elementary schools 1.174 Students in secondary schools 599 University students 363 People who have left the area 151 Returnees Employees 814 745 1.559 People receiving social assistance 3.360 Number of pensioners % of urban population 48 % 52 % 60 %

Development of the infrastructure and institutions Water supply network (km) 50 The coverage of water supply network in rural areas (%) Sewage network (km, or % of households with access) 50 Sewage network coverage in rural areas (% of households) Coverage of the collection of solid waste (% of households) 50 Regional roads (km) Local asphalted roads (km) Local unpaved roads (km) The availability of electric power (% of households with access) The quality of el. Energy (% of households with three-phase supply) Number of local public transport lines % Of local communities covered by public transport The number of regional public transport lines The number of international lines of public transport Number of kindergartens 1 Number of elementary schools 13 Number of high schools 1 Number of universities (colleges) 0 Number of cinemas

172 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Number of weekly cinema screenings Number of theatres Number of theatre performances number of libraries 1 number of swimming pools Number sports grounds 2 TV signal coverage (% of households) The coverage of mobile telephony 95% % Of households with Internet connection 2000 priklj

Civil society level of development Cultural and artistic clubs 8 Sport clubs 10 Organizations involved in environmental protection 3 Organizations that deal with socio-economic issues 3 Other of importance

Natural and cultural heritage in the region Protected areas (ha, m2-list them) National parks (ha, m2-list them) Fishing zones (ha, m2, list them) Hunting grounds (ha, m2, list them) Velez (19 ha) , Nevesinje (77 ha) Number of recreation centers Number of ethno villages 0

Structure of the economy No of empl % No of comp % A.Agriculture, forestry and fishing 90 5,8% 11 5,9% B Mining and quarrying 0 0,0% 1 0,5% C Manufacturing 157 10,1% 24 13,0% D Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning production 53 3,4% 3 1,6% and supply E Water supply, sewerage, waste management and 49 3,1% 3 1,6% remediation activities F Construction 107 6,9% 9 4,9% G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles 291 18,7% 42 22,7% and motorcycles H Transport and storage 47 3,0% 5 2,7% I Accommodation and food services activities 105 6,7% 2 1,1% J Information and communication 16 1,0% 3 1,6% K Financial and insurance activities 19 1,2% 0 0,0% L Real estate activities 0 0,0% 0 0,0% M Professional, scientific and tehnical activities 27 1,7% 5 2,7% N Administrative and support service activities 3 0,2% 1 0,5%

173 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

O Public administration and defense; compulsory social 158 10,1% 3 1,6% security P Education 233 14,9% 4 2,2% Q Human health and social work activities 126 8,1% 5 2,7% R Arts, entertainment and recreation 48 3,1% 25 13,5% S Other service activities 30 1,9% 39 21,1% Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods - and services-producing activities of households for own use Activities of extra-territorial organisations and bodies TOTAL 1559 100 185 100

EUR Total investments Foreign total investments (FDI)

Total area (ha) Urbanised land (ha) Agricultural land (ha) 51.396 Arable land (ha) 10.745 Sown land (ha) 3.558 Orchards (ha) 76 Vineyards (ha) Meadows and Pastures (ha) 40.159 Ponds and swamps (ha) Forest land (ha) 27.536 Deciduous forests (ha) 21.870 Coniferous forests (ha) 5.666

Agricultural cooperatives 2 Cooperatives 3

Hotels 1 Motels 1 Overnight stays 612 Foreign tourists 0 Travel agencies

Number Rural households Farms Cattle 5100 Milking cows 0 Sheep 35000

174 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Pigs 1500 Poultry 17000

NIKŠIĊ ID CARD Demographic data Male Female Total Population - total 35.751 36.692 72.443 Population up to 15 13.514 Population in active age (16 – 64) 43.962 Population over 64 9.828 Natural growth 59 Population with primary education 5.951 7.188 13.139 Population with secondary education 17.482 14.515 31.977 Population with university education 2.319 1.998 4.317 Population without primary education 410 + 1.373 ne- 1.628+3.706 2.038+5.079 dovršena oš Pupils in elementary schools 7.590 Students in secondary schools 3.656 University students 3.186 People who have left the area Returnees Employees 5.672 13.755 People receiving social assistance 7.840 Number of pensioners 15.524 % of urban population 58.358

Development of the infrastructure and institutions Water supply network (km) 400 The coverage of water supply network in rural areas (%) Sewage network (km, or % of households with access) Sewage network coverage in rural areas (% of households) Coverage of the collection of solid waste (% of households) 70 Regional roads (km) 113 mag +160reg Local asphalted roads (km) 274 Local unpaved roads (km) 33 The availability of electric power (% of households with access) The quality of el. Energy (% of households with three-phase supply) Number of local public transport lines % Of local communities covered by public transport The number of regional public transport lines The number of international lines of public transport

175 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Number of kindergartens 11 Number of elementary schools 44 Number of high schools 5 Number of universities (colleges) 4 Number of cinemas Number of weekly cinema screenings Number of theatres 1 Number of theatre performances number of libraries 1 number of swimming pools 1 Number sports grounds 14 TV signal coverage (% of households) 90 % The coverage of mobile telephony 90-95% % Of households with Internet connection

Civil society level of development Cultural and artistic clubs 39 Sport clubs 55 Organizations involved in environmental protection 24 Organizations that deal with socio-economic issues 31 Other of importance

Natural and cultural heritage in the region Protected areas (ha, m2-list them) Park šuma Trebjesa 126 ha National parks (ha, m2-list them) Fishing zones (ha, m2, list them) Hunting grounds (ha, m2, list them) Niksic-137.857 ha, Bratogost-48.958 ha I Grahovo-26.679 ha Number of recreation centers 2 Number of ethno villages

Structure of the economy No of empl % No of comp % A.Agriculture, forestry and fishing 377 2,0% 26 1,7% B Mining and quarrying 403 2,1% 8 0,5% C Manufacturing 3535 18,6% 178 11,4% D Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning production 708 3,7% 1 0,1% and supply E Water supply, sewerage, waste management and 388 2,0% 4 0,3% remediation activities F Construction 933 4,9% 117 7,5% G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles 3703 19,5% 856 54,8% and motorcycles H Transport and storage 787 4,1% 90 5,8%

176 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

I Accommodation and food services activities 823 4,3% 90 5,8% J Information and communication 320 1,7% 21 1,3% K Financial and insurance activities 301 1,6% 7 0,4% L Real estate activities 15 0,1% 6 0,4% M Professional, scientific and tehnical activities 476 2,5% 81 5,2% N Administrative and support service activities 556 2,9% 30 1,9% O Public administration and defense; compulsory social 1833 9,7% 4 0,3% security P Education 1817 9,6% 2 0,1% Q Human health and social work activities 1036 5,5% 1 0,1% R Arts, entertainment and recreation 549 2,9% 18 1,2% S Other service activities 61 1,8% Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods - and services-producing activities of households for own use Activities of extra-territorial organisations and bodies TOTAL 3365 100 2075 100

EUR Total investments Foreign total investments (FDI)

Total area (ha) Urbanised land (ha) Agricultural land (ha) 38.265 Arable land (ha) 12.695 Sown land (ha) Orchards (ha) 375 Vineyards (ha) 26 Meadows and Pastures (ha) 50.301 Ponds and swamps (ha) Forest land (ha) 149.426,28 Deciduous forests (ha) Coniferous forests (ha)

Agricultural cooperatives 2 Cooperatives

Hotels 3 Motels 2+12 Overnight stays 10.524 Foreign tourists 4.842 Travel agencies

177 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Number Rural households Farms 610 Cattle 4.645 Milking cows Sheep 16.455 Pigs 10.300 Poultry

OPUZEN ID CARD Demographic data Male Female Total Population - total 1.609 1.645 3.254 Population up to 15 293 265 558 Population in active age (16 – 64) 1.090 1.070 2.160 Population over 64 226 310 536 Natural growth 91 Population with primary education 202 241 443 Population with secondary education 810 663 1.473 Population with university education 201 209 410 Population without primary education 25 Pupils in elementary schools 330 Students in secondary schools 149 University students 158 People who have left the area Returnees Employees 673 411 1.084 People receiving social assistance 86 Number of pensioners 816 % of urban population 83,86

Development of the infrastructure and institutions Water supply network (km) The coverage of water supply network in rural areas (%) Sewage network (km, or % of households with access) Sewage network coverage in rural areas (% of households) Coverage of the collection of solid waste (% of households) Regional roads (km) 5,1+4,5 Local asphalted roads (km) 10,3 Local unpaved roads (km) The availability of electric power (% of households with access)

178 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

The quality of el. Energy (% of households with three-phase supply) Number of local public transport lines % Of local communities covered by public transport The number of regional public transport lines The number of international lines of public transport Number of kindergartens Number of elementary schools 1 Number of high schools 1 Number of universities (colleges) 0 Number of cinemas Number of weekly cinema screenings Number of theatres Number of theatre performances number of libraries 1 number of swimming pools Number sports grounds 2 TV signal coverage (% of households) 100 The coverage of mobile telephony 100 % Of households with Internet connection

Civil society level of development Cultural and artistic clubs 7 Sport clubs 6 Organizations involved in environmental protection 2 Organizations that deal with socio-economic issues 5 Other of importance

Natural and cultural heritage in the region Protected areas (ha, m2-list them) Posebni rezervat ornitološko-ihtiološ- ki 250 ha National parks (ha, m2-list them) Park prirode Delta Neretve 404 ha Fishing zones (ha, m2, list them) Hunting grounds (ha, m2, list them) Number of recreation centers Number of ethno villages

Structure of the economy No of empl % No of comp % A.Agriculture, forestry and fishing 330 30,5% 61 11,2% B Mining and quarrying 1 0,1% 0 0,0% C Manufacturing 44 4,1% 34 6,2% D Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning production 7 0,6% 32 5,9% and supply

179 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

E Water supply, sewerage, waste management and 32 3,0% remediation activities F Construction 43 4,0% 72 13,2% G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles 169 15,6% 183 33,6% and motorcycles H Transport and storage 40 3,7% 5 0,9% I Accommodation and food services activities 62 5,7% 8 1,5% J Information and communication 6 0,6% 25 4,6% K Financial and insurance activities 42 3,9% L Real estate activities 3 0,3% M Professional, scientific and tehnical activities 22 2,0% 25 4,6% N Administrative and support service activities 13 1,2% O Public administration and defense; compulsory social 118 10,9% security P Education 82 7,6% 100 18,3% Q Human health and social work activities 35 3,2% R Arts, entertainment and recreation 20 1,8% S Other service activities 14 1,3% Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods - and services-producing activities of households for own use Activities of extra-territorial organisations and bodies TOTAL 1083 100 545 100

EUR Total investments Foreign total investments (FDI)

Total area (ha) Urbanised land (ha) Agricultural land (ha) 807,54 Arable land (ha) 149,89 Sown land (ha) Orchards (ha) 601,23 Vineyards (ha) 6,7 Meadows and Pastures (ha) Ponds and swamps (ha) Forest land (ha) Deciduous forests (ha) Coniferous forests (ha)

Agricultural cooperatives Cooperatives

180 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Hotels 2 Motels 1 Overnight stays 2.838 Foreign tourists 496 Travel agencies

Number Rural households Farms Cattle Milking cows Sheep Pigs Poultry

PLOČE ID CARD Demographic data Male Female Total Population - total 5.054 5.081 10.135 Population up to 15 807 792 1.599 Population in active age (16 – 64) 3.532 715 6.898 Population over 64 715 923 1.638 Natural growth 82 Population with primary education 621 796 1.417 Population with secondary education 2.683 2.187 4.870 Population with university education 733 661 1.394 Population without primary education 115 Pupils in elementary schools Students in secondary schools 525 University students 558 People who have left the area Returnees Employees 1.837 1.262 3.099 People receiving social assistance 404 Number of pensioners 2.673 % of urban population 59,33

Development of the infrastructure and institutions Water supply network (km) The coverage of water supply network in rural areas (%) Sewage network (km, or % of households with access)

181 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Sewage network coverage in rural areas (% of households) Coverage of the collection of solid waste (% of households) Regional roads (km) Local asphalted roads (km) Local unpaved roads (km) The availability of electric power (% of households with access) The quality of el. Energy (% of households with three-phase supply) Number of local public transport lines % Of local communities covered by public transport The number of regional public transport lines The number of international lines of public transport Number of kindergartens Number of elementary schools 5 Number of high schools 1 Number of universities (colleges) 0 Number of cinemas 1 Number of weekly cinema screenings Number of theatres Number of theatre performances number of libraries 2 number of swimming pools 1 Number sports grounds 4 TV signal coverage (% of households) 95 The coverage of mobile telephony 100 % Of households with Internet connection

Civil society level of development Cultural and artistic clubs 6 Sport clubs 8 Organizations involved in environmental protection Organizations that deal with socio-economic issues 4 Other of importance

Natural and cultural heritage in the region Protected areas (ha, m2-list them) Delta Neretve 250 ha National parks (ha, m2-list them) Fishing zones (ha, m2, list them) Hunting grounds (ha, m2, list them) Number of recreation centers 1 Number of ethno villages

182 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Structure of the economy No of empl % No of comp % A.Agriculture, forestry and fishing 79 2,6% 2 0,1% B Mining and quarrying 1 0,0% 1 0,0% C Manufacturing 209 6,8% 167 6,2% D Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning production 28 0,9% 152 5,7% and supply E Water supply, sewerage, waste management and 104 3,4% remediation activities F Construction 144 4,7% 105 3,9% G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles 403 13,1% 186 6,9% and motorcycles H Transport and storage 755 24,5% 1225 45,7% I Accommodation and food services activities 212 6,9% 10 0,4% J Information and communication 28 0,9% 42 1,6% K Financial and insurance activities 62 2,0% L Real estate activities 4 0,1% M Professional, scientific and tehnical activities 89 2,9% 496 18,5% N Administrative and support service activities 94 3,0% O Public administration and defense; compulsory social 478 15,5% security P Education 218 7,1% 297 11,1% Q Human health and social work activities 121 3,9% R Arts, entertainment and recreation 28 0,9% S Other service activities 28 0,9% Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods - and services-producing activities of households for own use Activities of extra-territorial organisations and bodies TOTAL 3085 100 2683 100

EUR Total investments Foreign total investments (FDI)

Total area (ha) Urbanised land (ha) Agricultural land (ha) 636,52 Arable land (ha) 189,65 Sown land (ha) Orchards (ha) 206,66 Vineyards (ha) 95,68 Meadows and Pastures (ha) Ponds and swamps (ha) Forest land (ha)

183 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Deciduous forests (ha) Coniferous forests (ha)

Agricultural cooperatives 1 Cooperatives

Hotels 1 Motels 2+25 Overnight stays Foreign tourists Travel agencies

Number Rural households Farms Cattle Milking cows Sheep Pigs Poultry RAVNO ID CARD Demographic data Male Female Total Population - total 1433 Population up to 15 8 Population in active age (16 – 64) 994 Population over 64 431 Natural growth -9 Population with primary education Population with secondary education Population with university education Population without primary education Pupils in elementary schools 12 Students in secondary schools 0 University students 7 People who have left the area -358 Returnees Employees 45 21 66 People receiving social assistance 60 Number of pensioners 59 % of urban population

184 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Development of the infrastructure and institutions Water supply network (km) 20 The coverage of water supply network in rural areas (%) Sewage network (km, or % of households with access) No sewage network Sewage network coverage in rural areas (% of households) Coverage of the collection of solid waste (% of households) Regional roads (km) 23 Local asphalted roads (km) 41 Local unpaved roads (km) The availability of electric power (% of households with access) 80% The quality of el. Energy (% of households with three-phase supply) Number of local public transport lines % Of local communities covered by public transport The number of regional public transport lines The number of international lines of public transport Number of kindergartens Number of elementary schools 2 Number of high schools 0 Number of universities (colleges) 0 Number of cinemas Number of weekly cinema screenings Number of theatres Number of theatre performances number of libraries number of swimming pools Number sports grounds 2 TV signal coverage (% of households) 80% The coverage of mobile telephony 100% % Of households with Internet connection

Civil society level of development Cultural and artistic clubs Sport clubs Organizations involved in environmental protection 2 Organizations that deal with socio-economic issues 1 Other of importance

Natural and cultural heritage in the region Protected areas (ha, m2-list them) Cave Vjetrenica National parks (ha, m2-list them) Fishing zones (ha, m2, list them) Hunting grounds (ha, m2, list them) Loviste Ravno Number of recreation centers

185 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Number of ethno villages

Structure of the economy No of empl % No of comp % A.Agriculture, forestry and fishing 0 0 10 12,2% B Mining and quarrying 0 0 3 3,7% C Manufacturing 0 0 3 3,7% D Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning production 0 0 1 1,2% and supply E Water supply, sewerage, waste management and 0 0 1 1,2% remediation activities F Construction 0 0 7 8,5% G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles 0 0 8 9,8% and motorcycles H Transport and storage 0 0 0 0,0% I Accommodation and food services activities 0 0 8 9,8% J Information and communication 0 0 0 0,0% K Financial and insurance activities 0 0 0 0,0% L Real estate activities 0 0 3 3,7% M Professional, scientific and tehnical activities 0 0 4 4,9% N Administrative and support service activities 0 0 0 0,0% O Public administration and defense; compulsory social 0 0 7 8,5% security P Education 0 0 1 1,2% Q Human health and social work activities 0 0 3 3,7% R Arts, entertainment and recreation 0 0 3 3,7% S Other service activities 0 0 20 24,4% Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods - and services-producing activities of households for own use Activities of extra-territorial organisations and bodies TOTAL 0 0 82 100

EUR Total investments Foreign total investments (FDI)

Total area (ha) Urbanised land (ha) Agricultural land (ha) 3.930 Arable land (ha) 3.920 Sown land (ha) 1.968 Orchards (ha) 15 Vineyards (ha) 55 Meadows and Pastures (ha) 16.882

186 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Ponds and swamps (ha) 10 Forest land (ha) 10.770 Deciduous forests (ha) Coniferous forests (ha)

Agricultural cooperatives 1 Cooperatives

Hotels 0 Motels Overnight stays Foreign tourists Travel agencies

Number Rural households Farms Cattle Milking cows Sheep Pigs Poultry

STOLAC ID CARD Demographic data Male Female Total Population - total 12.988 Population up to 15 1.352 Population in active age (16 – 64) 9.078 Population over 64 2.558 Natural growth -45 Population with primary education Population with secondary education Population with university education Population without primary education Pupils in elementary schools 1.009 Students in secondary schools 440 University students 296 People who have left the area -2.134 Returnees Employees 478 411 889

187 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

People receiving social assistance Number of pensioners 2.071 % of urban population (6.000)

Development of the infrastructure and institutions Water supply network (km) The coverage of water supply network in rural areas (%) Sewage network (km, or % of households with access) Sewage network coverage in rural areas (% of households) Coverage of the collection of solid waste (% of households) Regional roads (km) 21 (35) Local asphalted roads (km) 98 Local unpaved roads (km) The availability of electric power (% of households with access) 100 The quality of el. Energy (% of households with three-phase supply) Number of local public transport lines % Of local communities covered by public transport The number of regional public transport lines The number of international lines of public transport Number of kindergartens Number of elementary schools 8 Number of high schools 1 Number of universities (colleges) 0 Number of cinemas Number of weekly cinema screenings Number of theatres Number of theatre performances number of libraries number of swimming pools 1 Number sports grounds 3 TV signal coverage (% of households) 90% The coverage of mobile telephony 100 % Of households with Internet connection

Civil society level of development Cultural and artistic clubs 1 Sport clubs 3 Organizations involved in environmental protection 2 Organizations that deal with socio-economic issues 2 Other of importance

Natural and cultural heritage in the region Protected areas (ha, m2-list them)

188 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

National parks (ha, m2-list them) Fishing zones (ha, m2, list them) Hunting grounds (ha, m2, list them) Number of recreation centers Loviste Stolac Number of ethno villages 1

Structure of the economy No of empl % No of comp % A.Agriculture, forestry and fishing 0 0 29 5,0% B Mining and quarrying 0 0 1 0,2% C Manufacturing 0 0 51 8,9% D Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning production 0 0 13 2,3% and supply E Water supply, sewerage, waste management and 0 0 1 0,2% remediation activities F Construction 0 0 12 2,1% G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles 0 0 176 30,6% and motorcycles H Transport and storage 0 0 18 3,1% I Accommodation and food services activities 0 0 91 15,8% J Information and communication 0 0 4 0,7% K Financial and insurance activities 0 0 1 0,2% L Real estate activities 0 0 1 0,2% M Professional, scientific and tehnical activities 0 0 15 2,6% N Administrative and support service activities 0 0 6 1,0% O Public administration and defense; compulsory social 0 0 4 0,7% security P Education 0 0 10 1,7% Q Human health and social work activities 0 0 12 2,1% R Arts, entertainment and recreation 0 0 31 5,4% S Other service activities 0 0 99 17,2% Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods - and services-producing activities of households for own use Activities of extra-territorial organisations and bodies TOTAL 0 100 575 100

EUR Total investments Foreign total investments (FDI)

Total area (ha) Urbanised land (ha)

189 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Agricultural land (ha) 35.307 Arable land (ha) 3.070 Sown land (ha) 1.320 Orchards (ha) 40 Vineyards (ha) 300 Meadows and Pastures (ha) 33.647 Ponds and swamps (ha) 0 Forest land (ha) 23.000 Deciduous forests (ha) Coniferous forests (ha)

Agricultural cooperatives 5 Cooperatives

Hotels 0 Motels 2 Overnight stays Foreign tourists Travel agencies

Number Rural households Farms Cattle Milking cows Sheep Pigs Poultry

TIVAT ID CARD Demographic data Male Female Total Population - total 14030 Population up to 15 2475 Population in active age (16 – 64) 9775 Population over 64 1780 Natural growth 128 Population with primary education Population with secondary education Population with university education

190 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Population without primary education Pupils in elementary schools 1440 Students in secondary schools 658 University students 487 People who have left the area Returnees Employees 2213 1857 4.070 People receiving social assistance Number of pensioners 2843 % of urban population

Development of the infrastructure and institutions Water supply network (km) The coverage of water supply network in rural areas (%) Sewage network (km, or % of households with access) Sewage network coverage in rural areas (% of households) Coverage of the collection of solid waste (% of households) Regional roads (km) Local asphalted roads (km) Local unpaved roads (km) The availability of electric power (% of households with access) The quality of el. Energy (% of households with three-phase supply) Number of local public transport lines % Of local communities covered by public transport The number of regional public transport lines The number of international lines of public transport Number of kindergartens 1 Number of elementary schools 4 Number of high schools 2 Number of universities (colleges) 1 Number of cinemas Number of weekly cinema screenings Number of theatres Number of theatre performances number of libraries number of swimming pools 2 Number sports grounds 4 TV signal coverage (% of households) 100 The coverage of mobile telephony 100 % Of households with Internet connection

Civil society level of development Cultural and artistic clubs 12

191 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Sport clubs 45 Organizations involved in environmental protection Organizations that deal with socio-economic issues Other of importance

Natural and cultural heritage in the region Protected areas (ha, m2-list them) National parks (ha, m2-list them) Fishing zones (ha, m2, list them) Hunting grounds (ha, m2, list them) Number of recreation centers 3 Number of ethno villages

Structure of the economy No of empl % No of comp % A.Agriculture, forestry and fishing 30 2,2% 8 2,1% B Mining and quarrying 5 1,7% 1 0,5% C Manufacturing 68 11,8% 35 6,9% D Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning production 50 4,8% 1 1,7% and supply E Water supply, sewerage, waste management and 55 2,7% 1 0,3% remediation activities F Construction 254 5,5% 53 7,7% G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles 769 17,8% 263 29,4% and motorcycles H Transport and storage 220 8,7% 31 7,4% I Accommodation and food services activities 912 7,6% 129 14,5% J Information and communication 56 1,4% 7 1,1% K Financial and insurance activities 38 1,7% 9 0,8% L Real estate activities 59 0,3% 12 2,2% M Professional, scientific and tehnical activities 64 2,7% 54 8,3% N Administrative and support service activities 98 2,2% 22 1,7% O Public administration and defense; compulsory social 298 9,7% 2 2,5% security P Education 127 7,9% 3 3,8% Q Human health and social work activities 65 6,9% 1 0,9% R Arts, entertainment and recreation 31 2,2% 10 2,4% S Other service activities 79 2,1% 15 5,7% Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods - and services-producing activities of households for own use Activities of extra-territorial organisations and bodies TOTAL 3278 100 657 100

192 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

EUR Total investments Foreign total investments (FDI)

Total area (ha) Urbanised land (ha) Agricultural land (ha) 2000 Arable land (ha) Sown land (ha) Orchards (ha) Vineyards (ha) Meadows and Pastures (ha) Ponds and swamps (ha) Forest land (ha) Deciduous forests (ha) Coniferous forests (ha)

Agricultural cooperatives 1 Cooperatives

Hotels 14 Motels 19 + 327 Overnight stays 439.026 Foreign tourists 40.030 Travel agencies 13

Number Rural households Farms Cattle Milking cows Sheep Pigs Poultry

193 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

TREBINJE ID CARD Demographic data Male Female Total Population - total 31.433 Population up to 15 Population in active age (16 – 64) Population over 64 Natural growth -123 Population with primary education Population with secondary education Population with university education Population without primary education Pupils in elementary schools 2.615 Students in secondary schools 1.283 University students 930 People who have left the area 163 Returnees Employees 4.078 3.594 7.672 People receiving social assistance 4.867 Number of pensioners % of urban population

Development of the infrastructure and institutions Water supply network (km) 25.000 potroš. The coverage of water supply network in rural areas (%) Sewage network (km, or % of households with access) Sewage network coverage in rural areas (% of households) Coverage of the collection of solid waste (% of households) Regional roads (km) 120 mag Local asphalted roads (km) Local unpaved roads (km) The availability of electric power (% of households with access) The quality of el. Energy (% of households with three-phase supply) Number of local public transport lines % Of local communities covered by public transport The number of regional public transport lines The number of international lines of public transport Number of kindergartens 3 Number of elementary schools 8 Number of high schools 1 Number of universities (colleges) 1 Number of cinemas 1

194 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Number of weekly cinema screenings 1 Number of theatres Number of theatre performances number of libraries 1 number of swimming pools 2 Number sports grounds 7 TV signal coverage (% of households) 95% The coverage of mobile telephony 100% % Of households with Internet connection

Civil society level of development Cultural and artistic clubs 20 Sport clubs 36 Organizations involved in environmental protection 14 Organizations that deal with socio-economic issues 15 Other of importance

Natural and cultural heritage in the region Protected areas (ha, m2-list them) National parks (ha, m2-list them) Fishing zones (ha, m2, list them) Hunting grounds (ha, m2, list them) Leotar (63,8 ha) , Orijen (22,5 ha) Number of recreation centers 4 Number of ethno villages 1

Structure of the economy No of empl % No of comp % A.Agriculture, forestry and fishing 133 1,7% 24 3,0% B Mining and quarrying 5 0,1% 5 0,6% C Manufacturing 1695 22,1% 71 8,9% D Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning production 1113 14,5% 14 1,8% and supply E Water supply, sewerage, waste management and 183 2,4% 3 0,4% remediation activities F Construction 318 4,1% 54 6,8% G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles 909 11,8% 217 27,2% and motorcycles H Transport and storage 136 1,8% 16 2,0% I Accommodation and food services activities 404 5,3% 15 1,9% J Information and communication 121 1,6% 13 1,6% K Financial and insurance activities 145 1,9% 2 0,3% L Real estate activities 7 0,1% 4 0,5% M Professional, scientific and tehnical activities 103 1,3% 39 4,9% N Administrative and support service activities 59 0,8% 10 1,3%

195 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

O Public administration and defense; compulsory social 940 12,3% 10 1,3% security P Education 593 7,7% 14 1,8% Q Human health and social work activities 570 7,4% 24 3,0% R Arts, entertainment and recreation 93 1,2% 81 10,2% S Other service activities 145 1,9% 181 22,7% Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods - and services-producing activities of households for own use Activities of extra-territorial organisations and bodies TOTAL 7672 100 797 100

EUR Total investments Foreign total investments (FDI)

Total area (ha) Urbanised land (ha) Agricultural land (ha) Arable land (ha) 5.651 Sown land (ha) 778 Orchards (ha) 913 Vineyards (ha) 140 Meadows and Pastures (ha) 42.150 Ponds and swamps (ha) Forest land (ha) 31.505 Deciduous forests (ha) 29.014 Coniferous forests (ha) 2.491

Agricultural cooperatives 4 Cooperatives 9

Hotels 6 Motels 6+35 Overnight stays 36.011 Foreign tourists 15.813 Travel agencies

Number Rural households Farms 330 Cattle 0 Milking cows 0 Sheep 0

196 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Pigs 0 Poultry 0

ZAŽABLJE ID CARD Demographic data Male Female Total Population - total 396 361 757 Population up to 15 71 56 127 Population in active age (16 – 64) 262 201 463 Population over 64 63 104 167 Natural growth 10 Population with primary education 167 164 331 Population with secondary education 549 378 927 Population with university education 95 107 202 Population without primary education 23 Pupils in elementary schools 72 Students in secondary schools 36 University students 20 People who have left the area Returnees Employees 124 52 176 People receiving social assistance 62 Number of pensioners 181 % of urban population

Development of the infrastructure and institutions Water supply network (km) The coverage of water supply network in rural areas (%) Sewage network (km, or % of households with access) Sewage network coverage in rural areas (% of households) Coverage of the collection of solid waste (% of households) Regional roads (km) Local asphalted roads (km) Local unpaved roads (km) The availability of electric power (% of households with access) The quality of el. Energy (% of households with three-phase supply) Number of local public transport lines % Of local communities covered by public transport The number of regional public transport lines The number of international lines of public transport

197 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Number of kindergartens Number of elementary schools 0 Number of high schools 0 Number of universities (colleges) 0 Number of cinemas Number of weekly cinema screenings Number of theatres Number of theatre performances number of libraries number of swimming pools Number sports grounds TV signal coverage (% of households) 100 The coverage of mobile telephony 100 % Of households with Internet connection

Civil society level of development Cultural and artistic clubs Sport clubs Organizations involved in environmental protection Organizations that deal with socio-economic issues Other of importance

Natural and cultural heritage in the region Protected areas (ha, m2-list them) National parks (ha, m2-list them) Fishing zones (ha, m2, list them) Hunting grounds (ha, m2, list them) Number of recreation centers Number of ethno villages

Structure of the economy No of empl % No of comp % A.Agriculture, forestry and fishing 8 4,6% 0 0,0% B Mining and quarrying 0 0,0% 0 0,0% C Manufacturing 15 8,6% 0 0,0% D Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning production 1 0,6% 0 0,0% and supply E Water supply, sewerage, waste management and 2 1,1% remediation activities F Construction 50 28,7% 26 74,3% G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles 25 14,4% 0 0,0% and motorcycles H Transport and storage 14 8,0% 2 5,7% I Accommodation and food services activities 9 5,2% 1 2,9%

198 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

J Information and communication 0 0,0% 0 0,0% K Financial and insurance activities 3 1,7% L Real estate activities 2 1,1% M Professional, scientific and tehnical activities 2 1,1% 3 8,6% N Administrative and support service activities 1 0,6% O Public administration and defense; compulsory social 19 10,9% security P Education 13 7,5% 3 8,6% Q Human health and social work activities 7 4,0% R Arts, entertainment and recreation 0 0,0% S Other service activities 3 1,7% Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods - and services-producing activities of households for own use Activities of extra-territorial organisations and bodies TOTAL 174 100 35 100

EUR Total investments Foreign total investments (FDI)

Total area (ha) Urbanised land (ha) Agricultural land (ha) 43,3 Arable land (ha) 13,18 Sown land (ha) Orchards (ha) 13,21 Vineyards (ha) 4,41 Meadows and Pastures (ha) Ponds and swamps (ha) Forest land (ha) Deciduous forests (ha) Coniferous forests (ha)

Agricultural cooperatives 1 Cooperatives

Hotels 1 Motels Overnight stays Foreign tourists Travel agencies

199 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Number Rural households Farms Cattle Milking cows Sheep Pigs Poultry

ŽUPA DUBROVAČKA ID CARD Demographic data Male Female Total Population - total 4.120 4.211 8.331 Population up to 15 796 819 1.615 Population in active age (16 – 64) 2.896 2.845 5.741 Population over 64 428 547 975 Natural growth 128 Population with primary education 451 615 1.066 Population with secondary education 2.262 1.846 4.108 Population with university education 511 611 1.122 Population without primary education 81 Pupils in elementary schools 753 Students in secondary schools 379 University students 460 People who have left the area Returnees Employees 1.892 1.601 3.493 People receiving social assistance 223 Number of pensioners 1.427 % of urban population

Development of the infrastructure and institutions Water supply network (km) The coverage of water supply network in rural areas (%) Sewage network (km, or % of households with access) Sewage network coverage in rural areas (% of households) Coverage of the collection of solid waste (% of households) Regional roads (km) Local asphalted roads (km) Local unpaved roads (km) The availability of electric power (% of households with access)

200 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

The quality of el. Energy (% of households with three-phase supply) Number of local public transport lines % Of local communities covered by public transport The number of regional public transport lines The number of international lines of public transport Number of kindergartens 1 Number of elementary schools 1 Number of high schools 0 Number of universities (colleges) 0 Number of cinemas Number of weekly cinema screenings Number of theatres Number of theatre performances number of libraries number of swimming pools 2 Number sports grounds 4 TV signal coverage (% of households) 100 The coverage of mobile telephony 100 % Of households with Internet connection

Civil society level of development Cultural and artistic clubs 8 Sport clubs 11 Organizations involved in environmental protection 2 Organizations that deal with socio-economic issues 2 Other of importance

Natural and cultural heritage in the region Protected areas (ha, m2-list them) National parks (ha, m2-list them) Fishing zones (ha, m2, list them) Hunting grounds (ha, m2, list them) Number of recreation centers 3 Number of ethno villages

Structure of the economy No of empl % No of comp % A.Agriculture, forestry and fishing 19 0,5% 0 0,0% B Mining and quarrying 19 0,5% 0 0,0% C Manufacturing 137 3,9% 9 0,9% D Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning production 36 1,0% 22 2,2% and supply E Water supply, sewerage, waste management and 85 2,4% remediation activities

201 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

F Construction 389 11,2% 57 5,8% G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles 568 16,4% 253 25,8% and motorcycles H Transport and storage 357 10,3% 13 1,3% I Accommodation and food services activities 686 19,7% 189 19,3% J Information and communication 46 1,3% 13 1,3% K Financial and insurance activities 58 1,7% L Real estate activities 8 0,2% M Professional, scientific and tehnical activities 86 2,5% 233 23,8% N Administrative and support service activities 177 5,1% O Public administration and defense; compulsory social 258 7,4% security P Education 198 5,7% 190 19,4% Q Human health and social work activities 200 5,8% R Arts, entertainment and recreation 55 1,6% S Other service activities 92 2,6% Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods - and services-producing activities of households for own use Activities of extra-territorial organisations and bodies TOTAL 3474 100 979 100

EUR Total investments Foreign total investments (FDI)

Total area (ha) Urbanised land (ha) Agricultural land (ha) 496 Arable land (ha) Sown land (ha) Orchards (ha) Vineyards (ha) Meadows and Pastures (ha) Ponds and swamps (ha) Forest land (ha) Deciduous forests (ha) Coniferous forests (ha)

Agricultural cooperatives 1 Cooperatives

Hotels 7 Motels 21+126

202 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Overnight stays 315.151 Foreign tourists 70.282 Travel agencies

Number Rural households Farms Cattle Milking cows Sheep Pigs Poultry

Traditional meat processing in Montenegro

203 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

ANNEX 8 PROJECT CONCEPTS

Strategic (general goal): Sustainable rural development Priority area: Action: Strengthened value chains Purchase of mljekomata 1. Name of the project: Placement and sale of milk by agricultural holdings Justification (problem and solution) and brief description of the project: Mljekomat the self-service machine that enables milk producers to directly distribute their products to end users at low cost Selling milk directly from the farm, since it is the best and healthiest milk, and this is a product in demand on the market. Raw milk which is not industrially processed is an excellent source of nutrients compared to with the industrial processed milk which has quite different characteristics and quality.

The project objectives: Target group/ Beneficiaries: Development of livestock production, the sustainability of a number of farms. The retention of the rural population, establishment of a regional organization (B&H, CRO, MNE) Local residents, tourists owners of mljekomata. Expected results: Indicators: Increase in milk production, supply of quality products Number of farmers who would be involved in on the domestic market, improved distribution channels, these activities is 20-25. Education of farmers increased hygiene and cleanliness on the production and sale of milk. The main activities: Implementation period: Purchase of mjekomalata, purchase of quality milking cows. Training, proffessional development and education of farm- ers in milk production. Setting mljekomata in cities, promo- One year (12 months) tion to use mljekomata Main risks: Estimated budget: Legal regulations in some countries 300.000 EUR Lack of interest among farmers

The status of readiness of the project: Souces of finacing/ co-finacing: Project idea (concept) 80% through the project 20% farmers Partners: Leading project partner/ implementation/ monitoring and evaluation: State institutions (local communities) Farmers Association of dairies of the Federation of Bos- nia and Herzegovina

Association of milk producers Advisory Agricultural Service Regional Developemnt Agencies

204 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Strategic (general goal): Sustainable rural development Priority area: : Action: : Improving the promotion and marketing of tourism On-line promotion of the region 2. Name of the project: E-Krš Justification (problem and solution) and brief description of the project: Problems: The absence of unique promotion of the region Unrecognizable region Different levels of development of the region Solutions: The development of a unique internet platform Creating a unique visual identity Joint promotion and marketing of tourist offer The flexibility of supply, ie. creating products according to the requirements of tourists Branding

The project objectives: Target grpup/ beneficiaries: Main: Increasing economic activities and tourist traffic, sales The population of the region of traditional agricultural products in the region " KRŠ” community Tourist Organizations Agricultural associations Specific: To strengthen the visibility of the region "KRŠ " in OPG (familly farm) and Southeast Europe Tour Operators Expected results: Indicators: Active portal Portal Increased number of service providers Number of service providers Increased number of tourists Number of products Increased revenue The number of tourists Number of overnights Total turnover

The main activities: Implementation period: Mapping the tourism potential Records of restaurants, hotels, farmhouses The records of cultural and natural heritage 2 years Creating a portal Monitoring and adjustment of the portal Presentation and promotion of the portal

Main risks: Estimated budget: : The political situation The competitiveness on the Internet market 70.000 EUR Status of the readiness of the project: Sources of funding/co-funding: 85% EU fonds The project at the level of ideas (concepts) 15% other

Partners: Leading partner/ implementation/ monitor- ing and evaluation: Tourism Organization of Dubrovnik Dura National Tourism Organization Montenegro TZ RS „Tehnopolis“ Tourism Organization RS Centar for developemnt of Hercegovina

205 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Strategic (general goal): Sustainable rural development Priority area: Action: Developemnt of tourist signalization Improvement of tourist signalization 3. Name of the project: Tourism signalization Justification (problem and solution) and brief description of the project: • Uneven distribution in the region • Insufficiently harmonized signalization in the whole region (types of information, accuracy, precision of the content) • Setting up various types of tourist signs o better mark all the tourist potential of the region in addition to pro- viding useful, broader information on the type of services • In order to visually design and devise unique and personal solution for the region (mapping) • Analysis of the kind of tourist services that should be chosen for which complete tourist signs (signs, info boards, infopanels, e-panel monitors with touch screen) will be prepared

The project objectives: Target group/ beneficiaries: General objective: • Tourists / Visitors • Tourism officials • Raising the quality of tourist services • Service providers The specific objectives: • Public companies • Providing quality content information to tourists Increasing • Citizens security in the movement on the territory Expected results: Indicators: • better quality information for the tourists in the region • 500 signposts set increased security in movement • 10 e-points • quality contents • 10 per infopanels • increased number of tourists • 20 warning signs of dange Main activities: Implementation period: • Analysis and mapping • Collection of information for the content (theme) • Defining the site and providing the necessary documenta- 30 months tion • Purchase, construction and installation • Promotional activities Main risks: Estimated budget: Delay in obtaining of administrative licensing, documenta- 300.000 EUR tion, approvals Status of the readiness of the project: Sources of funding/co-funding: The project is at the level of ideas (concepts) 85% EU funds 15% Local sources

Partners: Leading partner/ implementation/ monitor- ing and evaluation: Tourism Organizations of all three countries Municipalities Tourism Cluster of Hercegovina

206 BASELINE STUDY AND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGION KRŠ

Strategic (general goal): Sustainable rural development Priority area: Action: : Improving the management and protection of the environ- Establishing a system for solid waste manage- ment ment 4. Name of the project: Clean roads Justification (problem and solution) and brief description of the project: • Insufficiently aranged and unadjusted stop / rest areas along the road • Inadequate cleaning along the roads • Environmental pollution • Establishing a sustainable space management system along the roads • Establishment of sustainable management of waste generated during transportation (people, goods) by definition of special (internal) standards in terms of improving infrastructure for waste-collection-selection and processing to regional economic yards, which would be done in a synchronized manner. The project objectives: Target group/ beneficiaries: • Cleaner roads • Citizens • Less polluted environment • Tourists • Economic utilization of waste • Public utility enterprises • More satisfied citizens, tourists • Public utility enterprises • Public enterprises • Companies Expected results: Indicators: • Cleaner roads • 500 bins for waste selection • Less polluted environment • 3 economic yards • Economic utilization of waste • 3 new jobs • Increased number of employees The main activities: Implementation period: • Mapping and analysis • Creation of a sustainable implementation model • Establishment of the standard on local level 30 months • Education (Round tables, surveys, meetings ...) • Supply and installation of infrastructure • Probation period for the system • Promotional activities /campaign

The main risks: Estimated budget: Administrative permissions 500.000 EUR Lack of cooperation among local self-government in some segments Status of readiness of the project: Souces of finacing/ co-finacing: The project is at the level of ideas (concepts) 85% EU funds 15% local resources Partners: Leading project partner/ implementation/ monitoring and evaluation: NGO JP Kotor Local directorates Ecological Association Public companies for waste management

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Strategic (general goal): The economic development of the region through the valorization of heritage ele- ments (stone walls - suhozid) in soil protection Priority area: Action: Improving the promotion and marketing in tourism Protection restoration of stone walls in the function of protection of soil erosion 5. Name of the project: Turistic exploation Justification (problem and solution) and brief description of the project: Project activities related to the restoration and protection of indigenous building (stone walls- suhozidi) that had a functional role in preventing soil erosion on karst areas. Dry stone walls are a cultural value which is closely related to humans and agriculture in the rubble, and as such phenomena they are testimony to the history of agriculture, and the project priorities are related to the activity directed to mitigating the negative effects of climate change.

The project objectives: Target group/ Beneficiaries: • The protection of agricultural land on karst • Farmers • Protection and improvement of the landscape value of • Travel agencies karst • Local and regional government • Promotion and tourist valorization of heritage elements and labor Expected results: Indicators: • Selection of the sites in terms of protection and the re- • Number of farmers quirements for the construction of stone walls aimed at preventing erosion • The number of tourists • Tourist valorization of cultural values of the natural heri- • Size mapped stone walls tage of dry stone walls • The size (volume) of the restored stone walls

The main activities: Implementation period: 1. Mapping of areas by categories of stone walls • 6 months 2. Training and demonstration related to construction (tour- • 6 months ists) • 12 months 3. Organization of excursions and events (dry wall and plant- ing caper) • 12 months 4. Promotion

Main risks: Estimated budget: 1. Lack of interest of the target groups 300.000 EUR 2. Insufficient recognition of the cultural heritage 3. Insufficient funding

The status of readiness of the project: Souces of finacing/ co-finacing: Project ready for implementation EU funds, different donors and private inves- tors Partnres: Leading project partner/ implementation/ monitoring and evaluation: Cross-border cooperation partners who have a tradition and diversity in the construction of dry stone walls Association for protection of cultural heritage • Farmers • Travel agencies EXPEDITIO • Local government • Craftsmen dealing with stone

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Strategic (general goal): Sustainable rural development Priority area: Action: The technology of production and processing is improved Construction of storage capacities

6. Name of the project: E-marketplace: Joint offer stock in warehouses Justification (problem and solution) and brief description of the project: Priority area: Improved marketing and promotion of products There is a great fragmentation of agricylture producers and a large number of small storage capacities. The products of these producers face difficulties in finding customers and market. With the project these producers would promote, offer their goods to downstream users of these commodities in the value chain.

The project objectives: Target group/ Beneficiaries: To consolidate information on supply and demand of goods • Agricultural producers and products of primary production in the project area. • Processors • Traders • Associations of Agricultural • Producers • Cooperatives • Caterers Expected results: Indicators: 1. Integrated offer of small agricultural producers • Balanced price of the offer within the limits 2. Improved sales of agricultural products of small producers of 20% • The number of registered users of the site • The number of transactions • The value of the goods offered (by time)

The main activities: Implementation period: 1. Development and maintenance of the e-marketplace site 2. Training of users to enter and update data 3. Administration of database with the newely procured com- 24 months puter equipment 4. Promotion of the project

Main risks: Estimated budget: • Misuse of the site (market manipulation) • Personalized secured entrance on the site of the project participants (access code) 30.000 EUR

The status of readiness of the project: Souces of finacing/ co-finacing: 80% through the project 20% Local self govermnets of the involved mu- Project idea (concept) nicipalities

Partners: Leading project partner/ implementation/ monitoring and evaluation: The municipalities-towns project participants The private sector Associations of producers Chamber of Commerece REDAH Mostar

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Strategic (general goal): Sustainable rural development Priority area: Action: Improved business environment The establishment of regional tourism cluster 7. Name of the project: The establishment of regional tourism cluster Justification (problem and solution) and brief description of the project: The interest shown by the market demands of the organizers of tourist packages- tourist agencies for inter- state travel products (routes) that include Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Croatia is growing. In order to network, promote, enhance quality and offer richer content of the offer of the region of “Krsh”, it is necessary to establish a tourist cluster in the region. The cluster will primarily include private businesses (agencies, hotels, restaurants, etc.), and non-governmental organizations and the public organizations / insti- tutions. The project objectives: Target group/ Beneficiaries: • Regional networking of the operators in touristm in cluster • Tourism businesses in the region • Promotion of the region "Krš" • NGOs in the region in the tourism sector / • Increase of quality of the offer agriculture/ rural development • Enrichment of tourism offer • Public organizations / institutions • Joint approach to tourism markets • Lobbying towards the public sector Expected results: Indicators: • Established a tourist cluster in the region “Krš” • Founded cluster • Cluster recognized as a key factor in the development of • At least 2 new tourist products offered in the tourism in the region market • Increased sales of the tourist packages of the region • Realized for at least 2 visits to the interna- • Increased income from tourism tional tourism fairs • Website of the cluster • Developed and distributed brochures of the cluster The main activities: Implementation period: • Attracting potential cluster members • Establishment of the cluster • Development of a strategic plan of the cluster 24 months • Emplyment of the cluster manager • Equipping office of the cluster • Visit fairs / B2B Printing and distribution of brochures Main risks: Estimated budget: • Insufficient interest of potential members for the establish- ment • Legal regulations in three countries of the region, as pos- sible obstacles of clusters 350.000 EUR • The existing forms of association (clusters) The status of readiness of the project: Souces of finacing/ co-finacing: 85% throught the project Project idea (concept) 15% Municipalities/ Towns of the region Partners: Leading project partner/ implementation/ • Dunea monitoring and evaluation: • NGOs from Montenegro Tourism Cluster of Herzegovina • Private sector from all 3 countries REDAH Mostar

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Strategic (general goal): Sustainable rural development Priority area: Action: Linking tourism with other sectors Creating a network of travel agencies offering traditional products 8. Name of the project: Network of Travel Agencies Justification (problem and solution) and brief description of the project: Region KRŠ“ is rich with producers of traditional products, but they are not linked in a unique tourist offer of the region. Networking of specialized agencies of the three states would create a new tourist product, in- crease the number of overnight stays in the hinterland of the coast and extend the tourist season.

The project objectives: Target group/ Beneficiaries: 1. The producers of traditional products 2. Travel agencies The creation of new tourist products based on the offer of 3. Providers of accommodation traditional products 4. Tourist Organizations

Expected results: Indicators: 1.1.Incresed number of agencies offering "tra- 1. Established database of interested agencies ditional" tourism 2. Establishedbase of producers of transition products 2.1.Increased number of registered enterpre- 3. Connected manufacturers, agencies and providers of ac- neurs/ OPG (family farm) for the "traditional" commodation production 3.1.Increased number of overnights 3.2. Increased number of agencies involved in the project 3.3. Increased production of traditional prod- ucts The main activities: Implementation period: 1. Presentation of the draft tourist product to the agencies and producers 2. Mapping of agencies One year (12 months) 3. Mapping of interested producers of 'traditional' products 4. Creation of plan for implementation of the new tourist product Main risks: Estimated budget: • The lack of funds for their own funding • The lack of off-season flights to Dubrovnik, Mostar and Tivat 20.000 EUR

The status of readiness of the project: Souces of finacing/ co-finacing: Project idea (concept) Tourism Organizations of Bosnia and Herze- govina, Croatia and Montengro EU Funds Partners: Leading project partner/ implementation/ monitoring and evaluation: Tourisam Organizations Craftsmen Association and OPG's(family farm) Tourism Cluster of Herzegovina The owners of hotels, guest houses

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Strategic (general goal): Sustainable rural development Priority area: Action: Improved marketing and promotion of the products Branding 9. Name of the project: „Dani mladog vina u Hercegovini“/ „Days of young wine in Herzegovina“ Justification (problem and solution) and brief description of the project: Herzegovina, especially Citluk and Trebinje are the most famous wine production regions in Bosnia and Her- zegovina. Among, other things, the region is famous for autochthonous wine varieties zilavka and blatina. In order to promote the culture of wine drinking of native varieties, the Tourism Cluster of Herzegovina has already started with organization of this event, which should evolve in a regional one, throught cross-border cooperation among the countries of the region “Krš“.

The project objectives: Target group/ Beneficiaries: The aim is that through international caracter of the event to Target groups are representatives of travel involve all interested parties in the region and at the same agencies, which would include the event in time carry out additional promotion of grape varieties and their offers to clients that are interested in so- wines from Herzegovina. During the event visit to wineries called wine tours. All other wine lovers are are organized, and thus their products are exhibited to a welcome to whom also other amenities of the large number of potential customers. tourist offer Herzegovina will be presented.

Expected results: Indicators: • Improved placement and sales of indigenous Herzegovina • Increased sales of wine wines and entrenching the wine routes. It is also expected • Opening of new markets that these wines enter the market and other countries of • Entrenching the wine routes the region “Krš”. As a consequence, there would be a higher turnover for all participants in the tourism sector. The main activities: Implementation period: • Connection with the Cluster Herzegovina, as a current holder of the activities of "Days of young wine” Maximum 6 months • Media and online campaign for announcement of the event • Provide funds for the organization of the event. • Attract donor and co-financing Main risks: Estimated budget: The main risk would be the possible inability to secure the necessary financial resources for the organization of the event. 5.000 EUR Other risks are virtually non-existent, because the "pilot" event which was held, already showed that there is great interest in this type of promotion in tourism.

The status of readiness of the project: Souces of finacing/ co-finacing: Estamation of the realization is alredy done Local wineries and restaurants Foreign donors Partners: Leading project partner/ implementation/ monitoring and evaluation: Partners would be all the wineries involved in the event. The Torism Cluster of Herzegovina would be a partner as the current initiator and implementer of activities. Hotels in Citluk and Trebinje, where the the closing ceremony of the Torism Cluster of Herzegovina event is held, along with cultural entertainment and tasting of local gastronomic specialties. Tour Operators in the region " Krš "

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Strategic (general goal): Sustainable rural development

Priority area: Action: Diversification of the offer in tourism Mapping and networking of agro-tourism facilities 10. Name of the project: Development of agro-tourism in the cross-border region of „Krš“ Justification (problem and solution) and brief description of the project: • Problems: • Uneven development of agro-tourism in the region • The lack of standards in agro-tourism • Service providers in agro-tourism insufficiently trained Solution: • The transfer of good practice from Croatia to Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro • The introduction of standards in the agro-tourism sector in accordance with those of Croatia (EU) • Training of service providers The project objectives: Target group/ Beneficiaries: • Create a network of agro-tourism in the region • Agricultural family farms “Krš” to increase income in agriculture and • Agriculture producers tourism • Tour Operators • Promote agro-tourism as a new regional tour- • Tourism Organizations ism niche • Beneficiaries • Strengthen the capacity of service providers in • Local community agro-tourism • Domestic and foreign tourists Expected results: Indicators: • Completed regional cadastre in the region, • Number of service providers in agro-tourism in the re- “Krš” gion • Targeted markets • 150 participants at workshops • 6 workshops, final conference • 100 people at the final conference • 1 study tour • Informal signing of Rules (Code of Practice) • Completed Rules (Code of Practice) • Web portal (functional) and Android applications • Joint Web portal and Android applications The main activities: Implementation period: • Mapping the agro-tourism offer 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 • Analysis of the current offer Market research x x x • Education of service providers x • Study tour on best practices in agro-tourism x x BIH-CG → RH x x x x x x x

• Making Rules (Code of Practice) on the intro- x x duction of standards x x x x x x x

Main risks: Estimated budget: The political situation 85.000 EUR The status of readiness of the project: Souces of finacing/ co-finacing: Project idea (concept) 85% EU Fonds 15% others Partners: Leading project partner/ implementation/ monitoring and evaluation: • City of Dubrovnik • Municipality of Nikšić • DURA • City of Trebinje • City of Kotor • Municipality of Ravno

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Strategic (general goal): Sustainable rural development Priority area: Action: Product diversification in tourism Valorisation of cultural heritage in rural areas Development of tourism infrastructure Linking tourism and other sectors 11. Name of the project: Tourist valorization of architectural cultural heritage in the villages of the region " KRŠ " (Dolap, mills, threshing floors, cisterns, farms - ) through development of new tourist packages Justification (problem and solution) and brief description of the project: • The rich architectural heritage of rural areas of “Krš” is not fully utilized for the purpose of tourist valoriza- tion. These are facilities such as mills, threshing floors, cisterns, dolap, and even old schools. The largest number remain as ruins, while the minimum number are renewed and used for tourism purposes and for sustainable agricultural production. They are an indispensable part of the identity of the region “Krš”. • Once upon a time, each of these facilities had a purpose and its own story. Inventory of such facilities, their renewal, selection of best practices for the use and integration into travel packages in rural tourism is the main objective of the project. • Sown into the floor, milling wheat in old mills and preparation of homemade bread of corn or rye, irrigation through a waterwheel, use of water from cisterns, drying corn in farms, are some of the social and cultural activities, which can be integrated into the existing or integrated into the new tourist packages.

The project objectives: Target group/ Beneficiaries: • Promotion of rural architecture as a prerequisite for sus- • The rural communities that gravitate in tour- tainable development of tourism ism areas • Identification and promotion of best practices, successful • Agricultural cooperatives examples, sustainable and integrated architectural build- • Agricultural holdings ings in rural areas of the region Krš • Travel agencies, organizations • Networking of different subjects - potential users of cultur- al architectural heritage in rural tourism to create smaller project proposals

Expected results: Indicators: • Developed cadastre of waterwheel, mill / mill, threshing • 100 objects included in the cadastre floor, rural cistern in the project area • Established 10 examples of good practice • Realized visit as examples of good practice • 100 visitors of the examples of good practice • Repaired buildings • 10 facilities were repaired and put into oper- • Prepared promo videos and other promotional materials ation • Prepared website architectural heritage of rural areas in • Prepared - video and brochures the region „Krš“ • Prepared website • Established a new tourism packages • Prepared - three small project proposals / • Organized tourist visits and presentations cultural events related to the architectural heritage • 100 visitors in final visit and • presentation of facilities with accompanying cultural programs

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The main activities: Implementation period: • Development of cadastre of ethno cultural objects that can be used for tourism promotion • Selection of the best practices, organized visit and present use of target groups (unions, associations, farms) • Practical workshops (revitalization of buildings) 18-24 months • Creating short documentary / promotional films and other promotional materials of the architectural heritage of rural areas to promote them • Developing of a website "Architectural heritage of rural areas in the region “Krš“ • Development of small project proposals / ethno-cultural events for each of the repaired facilities / tourist packages (to the sustainability of the project) • Establishing an itinerary with accompanying ethno-cultur- al program that connects all repaired objects and places them in a new unique tourist offer, and organize the first tourist visit by the project beneficiaries

Main risks: Estimated budget: • Ownership of buildings and willingness of the owner to 250.000 EUR enter the valorisation process • Long period of administrative approval

The status of readiness of the project: Souces of finacing/ co-finacing: Project idea (concept) EU fonds, grants of the Ministries of Tourism, Municipalities, other donors

Partners: Leading project partner/ implementation/ monitoring and evaluation: Museum of Hercegovina City of Trebinje TO Trebinje Agencies for protection of cultural herutage Expeditio Agency for protection of monuments of Montenegro (Zavod za zaštitu spomenika kuture Crne Gore) Agency for recontruction of Dubrovnik (Zavod za obnovu Dubrovnika)

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Strategic (general goal): Sustainable rural development Priority area: Action: Product diversification in tourism Development and upgrade of torism 12. Name of the project: Ways of traditional cheeses and other dairy products in the region “Krsh” Justification (problem and solution) and brief description of the project: Problem: poor tourist offer, lack of routes in rural areas, lack of knowledge and skills of agricultural holdings on the organization of agro-tourism. On the other hand, the climate in the karst agro-biologicaly is so diverse and has a rich gastronomic tradition where the most specific are the dairy products, native breeds of cattle (Busha, Gatačko grey cattle, pramenka...) and quality pastures which allow for centuries the traditional pro- duction of cheese and kajmak: - Sir sack (Slow Food Preizidij) - Livno cheese - Škripavac, ie. Young cheese - Cheese in olive oil - Kajmak cheese

The project objectives: Target group/ Beneficiaries: • Promotion and valorisation of small production nich- es • Association of agricultural producers • Creating visits to the territory of karst that are gastro- nomically motivated • Individual farms • Provision of instruments and know-how to farms that • Tourist Organizations (TO) are not closely related to the tourism sector, which • Tourist agencies still rely on this market • Local communities • Increase the visibility of individual farms in the mar- • Domestic and foreign tourists ket place and introduce them to channels of commu- nication (promotional items, trade fairs, information communication and promotion ..) • Encouraging the development of better relations be- tween different actors in tourism • Encouraging the creation of alliances between differ- ent categories of organizations and entities. • The introduction of a process that leads to increase in the awareness and knowledge about the gastro- nomic products of the territory.

Expected results: Indicators: • Created database products and producers • information on at least 10 cheeses and other dairy • Conducted study visit to the area for good practice products from region Krš • Training for future service providers • 15-20 of future service providers participating in the study visit • Improving the conditions for cheese production • At least 10 producers have received equipment • Created at least 2 cheese routes on the area of Krš and technological production conditions improved • Created small menu of dishes made with cheese • 15-20 service providers received education from Krš • 2 cheese routes marked on the tourist map web- • Joint website created site project • Created Android application • 15-20 operators entered into the application • Organized visit to the routes of cheeses • 20 representatives of the project attended the path • Organized presentation of new tourist products of traditional cheeses • 40 participants of the final presentation of new tourist products

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The main activities: Implementation period: • Identify all quality local dairy products and their pro- ducers in the project area • Collect information on techniques and typicality of 1,5-2 years the specificities of production including historical data (for tourist attractions) • Collection of recipes of dishes made with dairy prod- ucts • Creating a database of products and producers

• Select a product and manufacturer of tourist activity • Study visit to an area where works like this track (It- aly) • The selection of producers for using equipment or improving the conditions of production • Diversification of possible routes (about 2-3 routes) • Training / education - how to present the process of production and processing to tourists • Development of a common website and android ap- plications • Production of other promotional material • Presentation of offers to agencies and tour operators (in the form of practical tour routes and presenta- tions)

Main risks: Estimated budget: Skepticism of farmers as there is no clear strategy for 300.000,00 EUR the development of rural tourism The status of readiness of the project: Souces of finacing/ co-finacing: EU Funds, State Ministries of Agriculture, Municipal- ities Project idea (concept) Partners: Leading project partner/ implementation/ moni- toring and evaluation: Tourisam Organization of Trebinje Torism Cluster of Hercegovina Slow Food conviviums

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Strategic (general goal): Sustainable rural development PRIORITY FIELD: ACTION: Development of tourism infrastructure Preservation of the old town of Ljubuski Diversification of tourism products Improving the promotion and marketing of tourism

13. Name of the project: Enrichment of municipality Ljubuški tourist supply through restoration of Ljubuš- ki Old Town. Justification (problem and solution)/ Short description of the project: Considering the cultural-historical resources of the municipality Ljubuški, special attention needs to be paid to cultural tourism development. The fact that about 37% of international travels include cultural tourism com- ponent talks of an extremely big market that grows every year. Apart from that, the geo-political position of the municipality is very favorable for tourism development – in the radius of 100 km from Ljubuški there are main tourist destinations such as Mostar, Međugorje, Sarajevo, Makarska, Split, Dubrovnik. Waterfall Kravice itself has been visited by 75.000 tourists in the last months that suggest that there should be more work on increasing and enriching the tourist supply. One of the basic cultural-historical resources of the municipality Ljubuški is the Old Town. Ljubuški Old town is located at the unique peak on the karst hill Buturovice that is placed in the eastern part of Ljubuški field. The town was built on firm karts position, on an altitude of 396 meters a.s. with beautiful view on entire value of the river Tihaljina-Mlade-Trebižat up to Neretva, and to north up to mountains Velež, Prenj, Čabulja and Čvrsnica. The town is made of two parts. The first fort was built in the period of medieval Bosnian state, ac- cording to historical sources, in the middle of XV century. The Turkish part of the town was built around medi- eval fort that became town centre, surrounded from all sides with walls. Inside the walls the final remains of various buildings are visible: guardhouse, barn, bakery, gunpowder plant, and four water wells have been noted, out of which three can be recognized on the field. Ljubuški tower had barn, bakery, few water wells, prison, gunpowder plant, powder magazine, commander's apartment and, in vicinity, dwellings for military crew. The city was repaired in 17 century by craftsmen from Dubrovnik. After 1835. Ljubuški lost its defending and strategic function and started to deteriorate. Considering the importance, value, size, degree of damage and very complex and demanding protection measures, sanation, conservation, restoration and revitalization of the National monument it is necessary to plan activities from this project.

PROJECT GOALS: TARGETED GROUP/BENEFICIARIES: • To renovate and revitalize the Ljubuški Old town National monument • Tourist organizations • To enrich the tourist supply of Ljubuški municipality with new content related to Herzeg Stjepan and middle century • Tourist agencies • Local community • To connect this location with other tourist attractions in area of Ljubuški municipality with common cultural-histori- • Domestic and foreign tourists cal heritage of Herzeg Stjepan (Blagaj, Stolac, ..) • Promotion and marketing of enriched tourist supply of the Ljubuški municipality

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EXPECTED RESULTS: INDICATORS: • Conserved medieval building of Ljubuški Old town • Completed archological esearches • Signalized cultural and tourist infrastructure • Completed project of sanation, conservation • Connected tourist supply of Ljubuški municipality and restauation of Ljubuški Old town • Completed promo material of tourist supply • Completely restaured complex of Ljubuški • Organized events related to project promotion and presen- Old town tation • Organizing two cultural events with the aim of promotion of Stjepan Vukčić Kosača heri- tage • 5 representatives of tourist agencies or sub- jects connected with tourism participating in events, includingvisit to Ljubuški Ols town into their supply • 100 visitors to the final presentation of object

MAIN ACTIVITIES: IMPLEMENTATION PERIOD: • Elimination of plants inside and outside of walls that dis- rupt the structure of walls and grounds • Archeological researches • Investigation works of whole complex (damages, base 2 years rocks, foundations, walls, stone...) and emergency mea- sures • Implementation of Ljubuški Old town revitalization • Signalization of tourist infrastructure • Designing and production of promoting material • Organizing promoting events

MAIN RISKS: ESTIMATED PRICE: • Waiting for administrative permissions 250.000 €

STATUS OF PROJECT PREPARATION: FINANCING/COFINANCING RESOURCES: Project on the level of idea (concept) EU funds, grants from municipality and Ministry of tourism, funds from other donors...

PARTNERS: LEADING PARTNER/ applicants, reporters: Municipality Ljubuški, Tourist board of West Herzegovina Tourist cluster of Hercegovina County (TZ ŽZH),

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STATEGIC (GENERAL) GOAL: Sustainable rural development

PRIORITY FIELD: ACTION: Connecting tourism with other sectors Establishing of ethno tourist supply 14. Name of project Meet the village Justification (problem and solution)/ Short description of the project: By analyses of tourist supply it has been determined that there is no ethno tourism supply in coastal areas where tourists could meet traditional processes of food and drink production, as well as coastal life style it- self. The solution is adaptation of existing farms that produce dometic food to the needs of KRŠ.

PROJECT GOALS: TARGET GROUPS/BENEFICIARIES: Education and training of existing rural farms producing food to offer ethno tourism services Tourists, local population Promotion of traditional production of food and promotion of ethno tourism in the coastal area

EXPECTED RESULTS: INDICATORS: More diversified tourist supply of the city and promotion of Rural households trained to offer tourist supply tradition and traditional food production Introduction of new service in city tourist sup- ply MAIN ACTIVITIES: IMPLEMETATION PERIOD: Team forming I month Mapping of rural households that are ready to offer tourist II and III month services Education and training of rural households for offering of tourist service III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII month Introduction of service in city tourist supply X XI XII month MAIN RISKS: ESTIMATED PRICE: Lack of interest on the part of rural households to offer tour- 50.000 EUR ist services

STATUS OF PROJECT PREPARATION: FINANCING/COFINANCING RESOURCES: Project on the level of idea (concept) Local self-governments, EU, other donors

PARTNERS: LEADING PARTNER/ applicants, reporters: Development Agency REDAH Association of agriculture producers, Association of olive TO Herceg-Novi and Associaton of agriculture producers, Asssotiation of bee-keepers producers Herceg-Novi Dura

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STRATEGIC (GENERAL)GOAL: Sustainable rural development

PRIORITY FIELD: ACTION: Development of tourist infratructure Mapping and establishing of bicycle and hiking tours and paths in the area of Herceg Novi mu- Diversification of tourism products nicipality („KRŠ“ region) 15. Name of project: Paths of healt Justification (problem and solution)/ Short description of the project: Municipality Herceg Novi („KRŠ“ region) in its tourist supply does not offer quality offer of hiking and bicyyling parths. Making of new and more quality paths of both types would significantly improve the tourist offer of the city and attract higher number of tourists with different interests/needs.The project has a goal to map poten- tial hiking and bicycling tours in the first phase, and to create and promote the paths in the second phase.

PROJECT GOALS: TARGETED GROUPS/BENEFICIARIES: Making of hiking and bicycling paths/tours in area of the Mu- Tourists and local population nicipality EXPECTED RESULTS: INDICATORS: Created hiking and bike tours

Improvement of tourist supply of the City Created hiking and bike paths Introduction of new services in city tourist sup- ply

MAIN ACTIVITIES: IMPLEMETATION PERIOD: Forming of team engaged on the Project realization I month Mapping of existing foot and bike tours/paths II,III month Mapping of new potential foot and bike tours/paths II, III, IV month Composing and creating walking and bike tours/paths V, VI, VII, VIII, IX month Introduction of foot and bike tours into city tourist supply X, XI, XII month

MAIN RISKS: ESTIMATED PRICE: Non-existence of adequate locations for development of foot 50.000 EUR and bike paths in the area of the Municipality

STATUS OF PROJECT PREPARATION: FINANCING/COFINANCING RESOURCES: Project on the level of idea (concept) Municipalities of Krš, EU and other donors

PARTNERS: LEADING PARTNER/ applicants, reporters: Development agencies, tourist organizations, Bike and • Municipality of Herceg Novi and Agency for mountaineering associations development Orjena • Municipality Trebinje • Dura

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STRATEGIC (GENERAL)GOAL: Sustainable rural development PRIORITY FIELD: ACTION: Improved marketing and product promotion Increased area of the plantations and organiz- ing an event 16. Name of project: Days of fig and pomegranate Justification (problem and solution)/ Short description of the project: A large number of small fig and pomegranate producers and small areas of those fruit-cultures. Due to insufficient production there is shortage of these products on the market. Distribution of seedings of fig and pomegranate, adequate education and organization of the event „Days of fig and pomegranate“ should significantly contribute to increase the supply of these products on the markets.

PROJECT GOALS: TARGETED GROUPS/BENEFICIARIES: The goal is increasing the fig and pomegranate production, • agriculture producers from region „KRŠ“, with connecting producers with buyers, processing possibilities - accent on young people and women dried fig and pomegranate juice. • sellers/ • caterers

EXPECTED RESULTS: INDICATORS: • increase in of areas with figs and pomegranates • number of newly-planted trees • figs and pomegrantes' processing • increased number of processed products • products' sale increasment • opening of new markets

MAIN ACTIVITIES: IMPLEMETATION PERIOD: • education of producers • distribution of seeding material 2 year • purchasing of processing equipment • organization of an event

MAIN RISKS: ESTIMATED PRICE: • lack of finances 50.000 EUR

STATUS OF PROJECT PREPARATION: FINANCING/COFINANCING RESOURCES: Project on the level of idea (concept) 85% EU grants 15% others

PARTNERS: LEADING PARTNER/ applicants, reporters: Municipalities-cities participants of the project City of Trebinje and REDAH Mostar

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STRATEGIC (GENERAL)GOAL: Sustainable rural development PRIORITY FIELD: ACTION: Improved production and processing technology • purchase of medical herb seedings • purchase of distiller 17. Name of the project : Support to strengthening of medical herbs' production and processing Justification (problem and solution)/ Short description of the project: Due to expansion of immortelle production, a lack of processing capacities has been noted. The solution is purchase of processing capacities but also production of other types of medical herbs so processing capaci- ties can be used as much as possible.

PROJECT GOALS: TARGETED GROUPS/BENEFICIARIES: The goal is promotion of medical herbs’ production and • agriculture producers from the region „KRŠ“, strengthening of producers and processors to start up sus- with accent on young people and women tainable businesses; increasing possibilities for medical • buyers herbs processing.

EXPECTED RESULTS: INDICATORS: • increasing areas under medical herbs • increasing the number of medical herbs' pro- • increases production of various types of medical herbs ducers • on-line register of all producers, processors and exporters • increasing the production • increasing capacities for processing • level of recognition of the region „KRŠ“ as region with potential for medical herbs' pro- • forming of associations-cooperatives duction • increasing of processing capacities

MAIN ACTIVITIES: IMPLEMENTATION PERIOD: • education and practical classes for agriculture producers 2 years about medical herbs’ production • connecting producers with buyers and distribution chan- nels • purchase of distillers

MAIN RISKS: ESTIMATED PRICE: • insufficient knowledge of medical herbs’ plantation type of 100.000 EUR production

STATUS OF PROJECT PREPARATION: FINANCING/COFINANCING RESOURCES: Project on the level of idea (concept) 85% EU grants 15% others PARTNERS: LEADING PARTNERS/ applicants, report- ers: Municipalities- cities participants in the project City of Trebinje and REDAH Mostar Fondation Cano Koprivica-Herbal Montenegro

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STRATEGIC (GENERAL)GOAL: Sustainable rural development PRIORITY FIELD: ACTION: Improved production and processing technology Improvement of organic production

18. Name of the project: Certification of organic production Justification (problem and solution)/ Short description of the project: Organic production is a good chance for producers and consumers. The problem is lack of techical and tech- nological knowledge, difficult access to means requred for organic production, significant costs for certifica- tion and lack of established channels for placement of organic products.

PROJECT GOALS: TARGETED GROUPS/BENEFICIARIES: The goal is to promote organic production, to strengthen ca- • agriculture producers from the region „KRŠ“, pability of producers and processors to start up sustainable with accent on young people and women business, to ensure achievement of required high quality of • sellers all cultivated plants. The final goal is certification of organic • caterers production.

EXPECTED RESULTS: INDICATORS: • 15 established organic production businesses • number of registered agriculture producers • on-line register of all included in the organic production • volume of organic production value chain – producers, distributors, certification houses • level of recognition of the region „KRŠ“ as a and exporters region with high-quality organic products • Positive impact on other branches’ development – tourism, • innovative distribution channels packing, seed production, plant protection means etc. • recognisability of the region “KRŠ” as region favorable for organic production

MAIN ACTIVITIES: IMPLEMENTATION PERIOD: • education and practical classes for agriculture producers 2 years for organic production • connecting producers of organic products with distribution channels

MAIN RISKS: ESTIMATED PRICE: • skepticism of agriculture producers for organic production due to risks related to it and due to high expenses of cer- tification 50.000 EUR

STATUS OF PROJECT PREPARATION: FINANCING/COFINANCING RESOURCES: Project on the level of idea (concept) 85% EU grants 15% others PARTNERS: LEADING PARTNER/ applicants, reporters: Municupalities-cities participants in project City of Trebinje Eko Line Mostar Municipality Tivat

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STRATEGIC (GENERAL)GOAL: Sustainable rural development PRIORITY FIELD: ACTION: Diversification of supply in tourism Analisys of the current supply 19. Name of the project: Stećak (medieval tombstone) in the KRŠ (karst) Justification (problem and solution)/ Short description of the project: Since July 12 2016, a 30 necropolises of stećci have been included under UNESCO protection. Out of them, 22 are located in BiH (mostly in the area of the region KRŠ), 2 in MN and 2 in Croatia. Certain destinations are already recognizable and valorized and available for tourists (Radimlja near Stolac), but majority have not been ready to accept tourists, neither with their location nor with non-existing human potentials in surround- ing. By this project a detailed mappling would be done as well as anlyses on which destinations of stećci are the most acceptable for the first phase of their valorisation. This means locations from all three countries, out of which a quality offer will be prepared combined with all other existing tourist resources in the Region.

PROJECT GOALS: TARGETED GROUPS/BENEFICIARIES: Valorization of stećci necropolis within tourist offer that will Local population accelerate development of certain regions Museums Municipalities NGO Tourists

EXPECTED RESULTS: INDICATORS: List of all necropolis in KRŠ Analyses of situation Valorized necropolises Arranged 3-7 necropolis for acceptance of tourists Incorporated tourist offer Made 2-3 itenenaries Promoted importance of stećci Book published and video recorded

MAIN ACTIVITIES: IMPLEMETATION PERIOD: • Preparation of detailed content for each necropolis that could be used in tourist purposes 3 years • Choose examples of good practice; organize visit and present usage to the targeted groups (agencies...) • Practical workshops (revitalization of facilities) • Preparation of short documentary/promotional movies and other promo materials on that heritage of rural areas in order of promotion of usage • Preparation of web site with virtual map of necropolises in rural area of the region KRŠ • Preparation of smaller project proposals/ethno-cultural events for each of reconstructed facilities/tourist packages (because of sustainability of the project) • Establish collaboration with a supporting ethno-cultural programme that connect necropolises and put them into unique tourist offer and organize the first tourist visit by the project beneficiaries;

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MAIN RISKS: ESTIMATED PRICE: Misbalanced legal legislative in certain countries 200.000 EUR Bad infrastructure for some locations

STATUS OF PROJECT PREPARATION: FINANCING/COFINANCING RESOURCES: Project on the level of idea (concept) EU funds Municipalities Relevent ministries

PARTNERS: LEADING PARTNER/ applicants, reporters: Municipalities Deveopment agencies REDAH, Dunea Expe- Museums ditio Tourist organizations NGO

Stećak Tombstone

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STRATEGIC (GENERAL)GOAL: Sustainable rural development PRIORITY FIELD: ACTION: Improved bussiness environment Valorization of stone and traditional crafts in tourism 20. Name of the project: Stone in Krš (karst) Justification (problem and solution)/ Short description of the project: Stone is the main physical characteristic of KRŠ. From the surroundings, topography, to the lifestyle. It is included in all segments of life ever since people have existed in this area. Like tools, weapons, shelter, houses, supporting facilities, wells, art, dry-walls. In the region of KRŠ, stone processing was relatively devel- oped, however by tourism development and return to stone as an interesting and autochthonous architectural and construction material, it gained the importance it had before. This potential should be used by connecting the private sector with the educational one, specialized for stone processing, in order to requalify/train/introduce new trainings, school programmes that will alow balance on the labor market in this sector. Curently, there is shortage in workers for processing and building of the stone, particulary during seasonal months. A Centre for stone processing is to be established in KRŠ, that will use existing resources and capacities from certain regions and strenghteen that in KRŠ. PROJECT GOALS: TARGETED GROUPS/BENEFICIARIES: Usage of natural resources as a possibility for faster devel- Local population opment and increased employment Companies from sector for stone processing Municiplaities NGO Schools, Faculties

EXPECTED RESULTS: INDICATORS: Established Centre for stone processing Established one center with a department in each country Defined models of requalification/training Defined at least 3 prequalification models Increased employment Employed 20 persons Promoted importance of the stone as natural constructing material Book published and video recorded MAIN ACTIVITIES: IMPLEMENTATION PERIOD: Forming of a joint team Establishing of a centre 3 years Preparation of needs and modules Organization of trainings Promotion and marketing MAIN RISKS: ESTIMATED PRICE: Indifference of private sector 300.000 Indifference of persons in Employment Bureaus STATUS OF PROJECT PREPARATION: FINANCING/COFINANCING RESOURCES: Project on the level of idea (concept) EU Municipalities Relevant ministries PARTNERS LEADING PARTNER/ applicants, reporters: Municipalities Development agency REDAH Private sector Expeditio Educational institutions DURA NGO

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STRATEGIC (GENERAL)GOAL : Sustainable Rural Development PRIORITY FIELD: ACTION: Strengthening the capacity of olive producers as service providers in agritourism Connecting tourism and other sectors

21. Name of the project: „OLD PATHS TO NEW VALUES“ - Strengthening the capacity for economic development of rural areas of the region through the valorization of elements of olive heritage Justification (problem and solution)/ Short description of the project: - Insufficient awareness of the rural population about the possibilities of connection, the production of healthy food and tourism (rural, Agro, olive…) - Lack of capacity for the provision of services in adequate quality in rural households, places for sale of lo- cal products, offers additional activities and services - Inadequate marketing, promotion and institutional support to the rural people - Abandoned villages (young people leave the villages in search of better conditions of life and work) Valorize the olive produce and rural (olive) landscape and diversification of agricultural production through revival and preservation of the rural values, capacities and skills (rural tourism), support, in particular to young people, to stay in therural area, to start family businesses living and working in harmony with nature and tradi- tion. To show the possibilities that rural areas and agriculture production have, connected with tourism above all, and can offer the citizens and young people in rural areas, to start family businesses, and increase the quality of life the higher level. At the same time, preservation and valorization of the traditional olive and rural values (as the landscape, us- age, products and rural life style, deriving from production of olive oil in Europe: census of National web site and promotional activity on the territory, at National and International level. The revival and preservation of traditional values of olive culture and landscape, production and landscape of the Boka Of Kotor Bay as well as the characteristics of the Mediterranean, promotion (logging, mapping, rehabilitation and cataloging) of the old objects and the most beautiful olive groves (continuing project ‘’Tra- ditional olive produce as the possibility of tourism offer’’ IPA- cross border cooperation Montenegro-Croatia 2010-2012) as well as new opportunities for the development of family businesses; live tourism and joining together into Cooperatives to improve the economic standards of the rural (coastal) population. Enriched tour- ist offer and postcard of Boka.

PROJECT GOALS: TARGETED GROUPS/BENEFICIARIES: • Valorization of the olive production and the healthy food in • Olive producers general, through a strengthened link to tourism • Young people in rural areas • Impact on public awareness of both producers and con- • Women (unemployed, living in villages, retir- sumers about the importance of healthy food production ees, of unwelcome age in the labor market...) • Promotion and popularization of the local values: lifestyle, • Local communities and authorities food production, landscape… • Distributors of local products • Consumers • Tourist Agencies • Journalist

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EXPECTED RESULTS: INDICATORS: • 2 Lectures, 4 trainings • Informal signs: • Data Base of households in agro tourism and mapping 100 people at workshops households that provide services to tourists, selling points (50 olive producers; 10 women; 10 young and the most beautiful olive yards and Web presentation people; 3 public employees ; 2 journalists; 3 • 1 Study trip - example of good practice restaurants; 5 distributors; 3 tour operators, • Visibility / Publication 10 people interested in building techniques of stone walls …) • Final Conference • Built (rebuilt) 50 m dry stone walls in well • 1 h TV Show maintained olive yard • 20 people in a study trip • 30 people at Final Conference • 5000 c Agro (olive) tourism Guide Maps

MAIN ACTIVITIES: IMPLEMETATION PERIOD: 1. Preparation and implementation of the project 2. Creating Databases on existing capacities for the provi- sion of rural tourism and to assess the potential for the Maximum 18 months sources development 3. Informing and educating target groups. Including the TV medias in following the process of implementation the ac- tivities 4. Promotion and popularization the local products in house- holds-event 5. Visibility - Final Conference

MAIN RISKS: ESTIMATED PRICE: Lack of interest of stakeholders Untimely manner of provision of the funds 45.000,00 € Irresponsibility of some of partners STATUS OF PROJECT PREPARATION: FINANCING/COFINANCING RESOURCES: Project on the level of idea (concept) International donators Local authorities State sources Civil sector PARTNERIS LEADING PARTNER/ applicants, reporters: NGO Olive Producers Association Boka – Boka Kotorska NGO Olive Producers Association Boka NGO Beekippers Association Grbalj Cross-borders Partners Tourist Organisation Tivat Tourist Organisation Kotor

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STRATEGIC (GENERAL)GOAL: Sustainable rural development PRIORITY FIELD: ACTION: Improvement of marketing and product promotion Provision purchase of products

22. Name of the project: Regional redemption center Justification (problem and solution)/ Short description of the project: A growing problem nowadays is the lack of jobs for young educated people, which is the reason why they are leaving the country. At the same time, our region has a very favorable climate and areas suitable for ag- ricultural development. The reason for uselessness of those potentials is the lack of possibility for successful placement of agricultural products at the market. The establishment of regional purchasing centre will initiate resolving of this problem and economy strengthening. PROJECT GOALS: TARGETED GROUPS/BENEFICIARIES: • Creation of new jobs (in the centre and through self-em- • Unemployed persons ployment) • Permanent supply of the market with domestic products • Population of the entire region

EXPECTED RESULTS: INDICATORS: • Decreased import • Improved economic situation in the region • Decreased number of unemployed

MAIN ACTIVITIES: IMPLEMETATION PERIOD: • Attracting the municipalities and individuals – potential 2 years project initiators • Drafting of business plan • Finding of premises • Employment of staff

MAIN RISKS: ESTIMATED PRICE: • Law regulations 500.000,00EUR

STATUS OF PROJECT PREPARATION: FINANCING/COFINANCING RESOURCES: Project on the level of idea (concept) 40% project holders 60% donors

PARTNERI: LEADING PARTNER/ applicants, reporters: All other relevant institutions Municipality Ravno

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STRATEGIC (GENERAL)GOAL: Sustainable rural development PRIORITY FIELD: ACTION: Improvement of marketing and product promotion Organization of P2P activities – preparation and organization of agriculture product fair 23. Name of the project: Fair of traditional agriculture products Justification (problem and solution)/ Short description of the project: Herzegovina is a natural treasure where agriculture production is well represented. Through cattle-breeding, friut-growing and vegetable-gardening to promote what we can offer, and this Fair should be a regional one through cross-border cooperation of municipalities and cities from the region KRŠ.

PROJECT GOALS: TARGETED GROUPS/BENEFICIARIES: The goal is to include all interested producers from the re- • Agriculture producers gion KRŠ and to promote their similarities as well as their • Buyers dissimilarities. • Tourist agencies • Tourists

EXPECTED RESULTS: INDICATORS: • Increased selling of agriculture products • Opening of new markets Improved placement and selling of agriculture products • Revitalization of traditionalnih FAF (family agriculture farms)

MAIN ACTIVITIES: IMPLEMETATION PERIOD: • Mapping of all agriculture producers 1 year • Promotion and organization of the Festival

MAIN RISKS: ESTIMATED PRICE: • Lack on interest of agriculture producers 10.000,00EUR

STATUS OF PROJECT PREPARATION: FINANCING/COFINANCING RESOURCES: Project on the level of idea (concept) Project holderws Donors

PARTNERI: LEADING PARTNER/ applicants, reporters: All other relevant institutions Municipality Ravno City Trebinje Municipality Nikšić

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