Environmental Impact Study (EIS)
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Project name: Preparation of Feasibility Study and Study of Environmental Impact Assessment for the road M-17.3 Buna–Neum, Section Neum–Stolac Phase: Environmental Impact Study (EIS) Client: Public company Road Directorate of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Contractor: Roughton International in association with TRL Ltd, United Kingdom and Energoinvest, dd Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Team leader: Belma Čongo, B.Sc.Arch.Eng. Other members: dr. Izet Čengić, B.Sc in agronomy mr. Arifa Fetahagić, B.Sc.Techn.Eng. Amela Vražalica, B.Sc.Arch.Eng. mr. Nermina Mujezinović, B.Sc.Arch.Eng. Ivan Buntić, B.Sc. in Biology Kerim Hasanagić, B.Sc.Civil Eng. Suada Pamuk, B.Sc.Geol.Eng. Munira Ademović, B.Sc.Techn.Eng. Amra Cerić, Prof. of Biology Translation: Aida Mukić, Prof. of French language and literature Graphic processing: Dženita Mesić, B.Sc. Arch.Eng. Vedran Mujanović, civil techn. Damir Hamza, arch.techn. Sarajevo, July 2009. Roughton International in association with TRL and Energoinvest Environmental Impact Study TABLE OF CONTENTS NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY 4 1 INTRODUCTION 21 1.1 Basis for realisation of Environmental Impact Study 21 1.2 Legislation 22 1.3 Metodology of EIS preparation 23 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT PROPOSED 26 2.1 Objectives and purpose of the Project 26 2.2 General Description of the Project 27 2.3 Data and spatial planning documentation of the considered area 27 2.3.1 Planning documents from the wider environment 27 2.3.2 Planning documents at the level of municipality and other documents essential for the project 28 2.4 Socio-economical significance of the Project 33 2.5 Technical description of the proposed route 34 2.5.1 Spatial characteristics of the project 34 2.5.2 Technical characteristics of the project 34 2.5.3 Traffic 42 2.6 Drainage system 45 2.7 Waste materials 46 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT AFFECTED BY THE PROJECT 49 3.1 Population and settlements 49 3.1.1 Background 49 3.1.2 Population and Demography 49 3.1.3 Access to education, health and other services 52 3.1.4 Sacral objects and necropolis/ sepulchral monuments 52 3.1.5 Economy 53 3.2 Climate and Meteorological Characteristics 58 3.3 Morphologic, geological, hydro-geological and engineering-geological characteristics 64 3.3.1 Section Stari Neum-Kiševo 64 3.3.2 Section Kiševo-Broćanac 67 3.3.3 Section Broćanac-Drenovac 70 3.4 Seismisity of the site 79 3.5 Hydrological characteristics 81 3.6 Soil and agricultural areas 81 3.6.1 Analysis of used land area 82 3.6.2 Analysis of agricultural land area per agro zones 83 3.6.3 Possibilities of use of agricultural land area 84 3.6.4 Soils and their properties 86 3.6.5 Specified types of soils at the selected route of the project 89 3.7 Forest ecosystems and Forestry 90 3.7.1 Analysis of forest land area by represented vegetation communities 90 3.7.2 Forest communities in the analyzed corridor 90 3.8 Flora and vegetation 91 3.8.1 Rare and protected species 100 3.9 Fauna 101 3.10 Landscape characteristics 102 3.11 Protected parts of nature 103 3.12 Game and hunting 103 3.13 Cultural-historical heritage 107 3.14 Air quality 113 Feasibility Study and Study of Environmental Impact Assessment Page 1/204 for the road M-17.3 Buna-Neum, section Neum-Stolac Roughton International in association with TRL and Energoinvest Environmental Impact Study 3.15 Noise 115 3.16 Infrastructure 117 3.16.1 Water Management Infrastructure 117 3.16.2 Electricity network 120 3.16.3 Telecommunication network 120 3.16.4 Gas transport 121 3.16.5 Traffic infrastructure 121 3.17 Endangerment by mines 122 4 DESCRIPTION OF THE POTENTIAL PROJECT IMPACTS ON ENVIRONEMT DURING CONSTRUCTION AND DURING OPERATION 123 4.1 Impact on population and settlements 123 4.1.1 Impact during construction period 123 4.1.2 Impact during operation period 128 4.2 Impact on micro-climate 130 4.2.1 Road impact on micro-climate 130 4.2.2 Micro-climate impact (wind) on road 130 4.3 Impact on geological environment 130 4.4 Impact on waters 130 4.4.1 Impacts during construction period 132 4.4.2 Impacts during operation period 132 4.5 Imapct on soil and agricultural areas 133 4.5.1 Presumed negative effects during construction 133 4.5.2 Presumed negative effects during operation 135 4.6 Impact on forests and forestry 136 4.6.1 Presumed negative effects during construction 136 4.6.2 Presumed negative effects during operation 136 4.7 Impact on flora and vegetation 137 4.7.1 Impacts during construction period 137 4.7.2 Impacts during operation period 138 4.8 Impact on fauna 138 4.8.1 Impacts during construction period 138 4.8.2 Impacts during operation period 138 4.9 Impact on landscape 139 4.9.1 Impact during construction and operation period of the road 139 4.10 Impact on protected areas 139 4.10.1 Impact during construction and operation period 139 4.11 Impact on game and hunting 139 4.11.1 Impact during construction and operation period of the road 139 4.12 Impact on cultural-historical heritage 141 4.12.1 Impacts during construction period 143 4.12.2 Impacts during operation period 145 4.13 Impact on air quality 147 4.13.1 Impacts during construction period 147 4.13.2 Impacts during operation period 147 4.14 Noise impact 148 4.14.1 Impacts during construction period 149 4.14.2 Impacts during construction period 149 4.15 Impact on infrastructure 150 4.15.1 Impact during construction and operation period of the road 150 5 DESCRIPTION OF THE MITIGATION MEASURES FOR NEGATIVE IMPACTS ON ENVIRONEMNT 154 5.1 General mitigation measures for negative impacts on environment 154 5.2 Specific measures for mitigation of negative impacts on environment 154 5.2.1 Inhabitants 154 5.2.2 Geology 158 5.2.3 Waters 159 Feasibility Study and Study of Environmental Impact Assessment Page 2/204 for the road M-17.3 Buna-Neum, section Neum-Stolac Roughton International in association with TRL and Energoinvest Environmental Impact Study 5.2.4 Soil and agricultural land area 161 5.2.5 Forests and Forestry 163 5.2.6 Flora and Vegetation 165 5.2.7 Fauna 166 5.2.8 Lanscape 167 5.2.9 Protected parts of nature 167 5.2.10 Game and Hunting 167 5.2.11 Cultural-historic heritage 169 5.2.12 Air 175 5.2.13 Noise 176 5.2.14 Infrastructure 177 5.2.15 Protection from mines 179 5.2.16 Organisation and space use 179 5.2.17 Technical measures 179 6 DESCRIPTION OF POSITIVE PROJECT IMPACTS 181 7 DESCRIPTION OF ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS 183 7.1 Description of alternatives and selected alternatives 183 7.2 Alternative „Zero-without project“ 185 8 PROTECTIVE MEASURES IN CASE OF ACCIDENTS 186 8.1 Risk of accidents during construction period 187 8.2 Risk of accidents during operation period 187 9 CROSS-BORDER ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 190 10 DESCRIPTION OF MEASURES PLANNED FOR MONITORING 193 10.1 Situation before start of work execution 193 10.2 Environmental monitoring during construction period 194 10.3 Environmental monitoring during operation period 196 11 POTENTIAL DIFFICULTIES DURING REALIZATION OF EIS 199 12 CONCLUSION 200 13 DATA SOURCES 201 14 ANNEXES 204 14.1 Results of Preliminary environmental impact assessment and Decision on preparation of the Environmental impact study 14.2 Photo documentation 14.2.1 Photo documentation of the proposed route area 14.2.2 Photo documentation for soil and agricultural land area 14.2.3 Photo documentation for flora and fauna 14.2.4 Photo documentation for cultural-historical heritage 14.2.5 Photo documentation for water management infrastructure 14.3 Maps 14.3.1 Geological map in route area 1:50.000 14.3.2 Synthesis map of the existing environmental status and potential Project impacts, 1:25.000 (1 section) 14.3.3 Map of mitigation measures proposed, 1:25.000 (1 section) 14.3.4 Synthesis map of the existing environmental status and potential Project impacts, 1: 5.000 (7 sections) 14.3.5 Map of mitigation measures proposed, 1:5.000 (7 sections) Feasibility Study and Study of Environmental Impact Assessment Page 3/204 for the road M-17.3 Buna-Neum, section Neum-Stolac Roughton International in association with TRL and Energoinvest Environmental Impact Study NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY Problems of environmental protection for the planned main road M-17.3 Buna - Neum, section Neum - Stolac have been analyzed as part of a special study documents (Feasibility Study), at the level of content of previously done Previous Environmental Impact Assessment and, at the present stage, Environmental Impact Study. The construction of modern road would enable faster and better access to the sea in Neum. The proposed project of the future road would have also interstate importance, because it would shorten the path to the Dubrovnik region. For the population in this area, the construction of modern road, is of multiple significance, particularly to encourage and improve the development process and urbanization of settlements. Whithin the Environmental Impact Study, it has been analyzed the natural resources, their structure and use values. It has been analyzed also environmental-ambient features, cultural - historical heritage, then the energy, transport and industrial infrastructure. With the analysis of these elements, it has been made two sets of synthesis maps; the first set represents the existing status and potential impacts, and the second set are maps with mitigation measures of negative impacts.