Escuela Politecnica Del Ejercito

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Escuela Politecnica Del Ejercito ESCUELA POLITECNICA DEL EJERCITO DEPARTAMENTO DE ELECTRICA Y ELECTRONICA CARRERA DE INGENIERIA EN ELECTRONICA Y TELECOMUNICACIONES PROYECTO DE GRADO PARA LA OBTENCION DEL TITULO DE INGENIERIA DIMENSIONAMIENTO Y DISEÑO DEL CONTACT CENTER INSTITUCIONAL DEL SERVICIO DE RENTAS INTERNAS JOSE EDUARDO PAREDES SANDOVAL Sangolquí – Ecuador 2010 CERTIFICACION En calidad de Director y Codirector del Proyecto de grado titulado DIMENSIONAMIENTO Y DISEÑO DEL CONTACT CENTER INSTITUCIONAL DEL SERVICIO DE RENTAS INTERNAS, certificamos que fue realizado en su totalidad por José Eduardo Paredes Sandoval, con CI 1801789197, bajo nuestra dirección. Ing. Carlos Romero G. Ing. Fabián Sáez E. DIRECTOR CODIRECTOR RESUMEN En el presente trabajo, se realiza una reseña histórica de la evolución de la telefonía, se hace un estudio del SRI, institución que requiere esta herramienta para comunicarse con sus usuarios, se analizan los datos estadísticos disponibles de la penetración de las tecnologías de la información en el Ecuador, así como los datos sobre el giro del negocio del SRI, se determina cual será el tráfico estimado, tanto entrante como saliente, se define que información se ofrecerá a los usuarios y cual va a ser la forma de entregarla. Se diseñan los diagramas de flujo de las opciones del menú del IVR. En base a esas necesidades se diseña la arquitectura del sistema. Luego se analizan los modelos matemáticos que se usarán para calcular los recursos necesarios para atender las necesidades planteadas, cumpliendo niveles de servicio adecuados. Para esto, en base a las fórmulas planteadas, se desarrolla una hoja electrónica que facilita la ejecución de los cálculos. Se resumen los recursos requeridos y se plantea una forma de implementación, cuantificación del personal y organización de turnos. Para evaluar permanentemente la eficiencia del sistema se proponen varios parámetros de medición de la calidad del servicio. Adicionalmente se presenta un presupuesto de implementación y de los costos operativos anuales. Al final se presenta la bibliografía consultada. DEDICATORIA Dedicado a: Eduardo, Eloísa, Mary, José Eduardo y Vivi AGRADECIMIENTO Un agradecimiento especial a Francisco y Ximena, por su incondicional apoyo. PROLOGO El Servicio de Rentas Internas, por su eficiencia es un referente dentro de la sociedad ecuatoriana, para cumplir eficientemente su labor, requiere ofrecer información veraz y oportuna a la comunidad, para atender esa creciente demanda se ha decidido la instalación de un Contact Center. El presente trabajo trata sobre el diseño y dimensionamiento de este sistema, para lo cual se ha organizado de la siguiente forma: En el Capítulo I se realiza una introducción sobre la institución que requiere el sistema, los objetivos y alcance del trabajo, adicionalmente, para una mejor comprensión, se detalla un glosario de términos usados comúnmente en la industria de las telecomunicaciones. El Capítulo II detalla una reseña histórica desde la invención del teléfono y su implementación comercial, hasta el desarrollo de los Centros de Contacto, pasando por la invención de la primera central telefónica y sus posteriores avances tecnológicos. Luego se realiza un análisis de la penetración de las tecnologías de la información en el Ecuador. Dentro de este capítulo también se analiza detalladamente el giro del negocio del Servicio de Rentas Internas, cuales son los requerimientos de información de la población y las necesidades de comunicación del Servicio de Rentas Internas con ciertos Contribuyentes. Se analiza las estadísticas y se cuantifican las necesidades. Posteriormente en el Capítulo III, se analiza la información que se va a ofrecer a través del Contact Center, se define que consultas pueden ser atendidas por medio de un IVR y cuales serán solventadas por medio de la lectura de un guión por los agentes y cuáles serán los servicios transaccionales que se ofrecerá a los usuarios, se diseñan los diagramas de flujo de cada una de las opciones del menú del IVR. En relación a las llamadas salientes, igualmente se define las llamadas que serán realizadas automáticamente por medio del IVR y las que serán atendidas por los agentes. Igualmente se hace una previsión del tráfico esperado, tanto para llamadas salientes como entrantes. En el Capítulo IV, se diseña la arquitectura del sistema, se analiza en detalle los modelos matemáticos y fórmulas que se utilizarán posteriormente para dimensionar la cantidad de recursos necesarios para cumplir los niveles de servicio adecuados. En base a las fórmulas mencionadas se desarrolla una hoja electrónica que facilita el cálculo de los recursos necesarios, en base a datos de entrada conocidos o supuestos, como cantidad de llamadas esperadas en un período de tiempo determinado, duración promedio de las llamadas, tiempo de respuesta deseado. Luego de realiza un resumen de los recursos requeridos y su forma de implementación, cuantificación del personal y organización de turnos. De igual forma se proponen varios parámetros de medición, con el objetivo de realizar periódicas evaluaciones de la calidad del servicio y de ser necesario, tomar los correctivos apropiados. En el capítulo V se presenta un presupuesto estimado para la implementación del sistema y sus costos operativos anuales. En el Capítulo VI constan las conclusiones y recomendaciones. Se incluyen como anexos los diagramas de flujo de los menús del IVR y las tablas de los resultados del cálculo de recursos requeridos para cada necesidad. Finalmente se detalla la bibliografía que ha sido consultada para la elaboración de éste trabajo. INDICE DE CONTENIDO CAPITULO I .......................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCCIÓN ................................................................................................... 1 1.1 INTRODUCCION ..................................................................................... 1 1.2 OBJETIVO GENERAL ............................................................................ 3 1.3 OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS ................................................................... 3 1.4 METODOLOGIA A SEGUIR .................................................................... 4 1.5 ALCANCE ............................................................................................... 4 1.6 GLOSARIO .............................................................................................. 5 1.7 NOTACION MATEMÁTICA USADA EN CONTACT CENTER ............. 23 CAPITULO II ....................................................................................................... 25 ANÁLISIS DE LA SITUACIÓN ACTUAL ............................................................ 25 2.1 UN POCO DE HISTORIA ...................................................................... 25 2.1.1 El Teléfono ........................................................................................... 25 2.1.2 La Central Telefónica ........................................................................... 29 2.1.3 Desarrollos posteriores ........................................................................ 31 INDICE DE CONTENIDO ii 2.1.4 Desarrollo de la central telefónica privada PBX ................................... 37 2.1.5 Los centros de llamadas y centros de contacto ................................... 39 2.2 COBERTURA DE TECNOLOGÍAS DE LA INFORMACIÓN ................. 41 2.2.1 Cobertura de líneas de telefonía fija ..................................................... 41 2.2.2 Cobertura del Servicio Móvil Avanzado ................................................ 44 2.2.3 Cobertura del Servicio de Internet ........................................................ 44 2.3 EL SERVICIO DE RENTAS INTERNAS ............................................... 47 2.3.1 Creación del Servicio de Rentas ........................................................ 47 2.3.2 Importancia dentro del contexto socio-económico del país ................ 50 2.4 IMPUESTOS QUE ADMINISTRA EL SRI ............................................. 53 2.4.1 Impuesto a la Renta (IR). ................................................................... 53 2.4.2 Impuesto al Valor Agregado (IVA). ..................................................... 53 2.4.3 Impuesto a los Consumos Especiales (ICE). ..................................... 53 2.4.4 Impuesto a la propiedad de los Vehículos Motorizados. .................... 53 2.4.5 Impuesto a la salida de divisas ........................................................... 53 2.4.6 Impuesto a los ingresos extraordinarios. ............................................ 53 2.4.7 Impuesto a las tierras rurales. ............................................................ 54 2.4.8 Impuesto a los activos financieros en el exterior. ............................... 54 2.4.9 Régimen Simplificado RISE ............................................................... 54 2.4.10 Recaudación por tipo de contribuyente. .......................................... 55 2.4.11 Contribuyentes activos .................................................................... 56 INDICE DE CONTENIDO iii 2.4.12 Cobertura del SRI ........................................................................... 57 2.5 ESTADÍSTICAS SOBRE LOS REQUERIMIENTOS INFORMACIÓN ... 59 2.5.1 Mesas de Información y Atención al Contribuyente ............................ 60 2.5.2 Tráfico de llamadas entrantes ............................................................ 62 2.6 NECESIDADES DE LOS CONTRIBUYENTES ....................................
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