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Download (3MB) i PENULIS ii KATA PENGANTAR Kurikulum 2013 adalah kurikulum berbasis kompetensi. Di dalamnya dirumuskan secara terpadu kompetensi sikap, pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang harus dikuasai peserta didik serta rumusan proses pembelajaran dan penilaian yang diperlukan oleh peserta didik untuk mencapai kompetensi yang diinginkan. Faktor pendukung terhadap keberhasilan Implementasi Kurikulum 2013 adalah ketersediaan Buku Siswa dan Buku Guru, sebagai bahan ajar dan sumber belajar yang ditulis dengan mengacu pada Kurikulum 2013. Buku Siswa ini dirancang dengan menggunakan proses pembelajaran yang sesuai untuk mencapai kompetensi yang telah dirumuskan dan diukur dengan proses penilaian yang sesuai. Sejalan dengan itu, kompetensi keterampilan yang diharapkan dari seorang lulusan SMK adalah kemampuan pikir dan tindak yang efektif dan kreatif dalam ranah abstrak dan konkret. Kompetensi itu dirancang untuk dicapai melalui proses pembelajaran berbasis penemuan (discovery learning) melalui kegiatan-kegiatan berbentuk tugas (project based learning), dan penyelesaian masalah (problem solving based learning) yang mencakup proses mengamati, menanya, mengumpulkan informasi, mengasosiasi, dan mengomunikasikan. Khusus untuk SMK ditambah dengan kemampuan mencipta . Sebagaimana lazimnya buku teks pembelajaran yang mengacu pada kurikulum berbasis kompetensi, buku ini memuat rencana pembelajaran berbasis aktivitas. Buku ini memuat urutan pembelajaran yang dinyatakan dalam kegiatan- kegiatan yang harus dilakukan peserta didik. Buku ini mengarahkan hal-hal yang harus dilakukan peserta didik bersama guru dan teman sekelasnya untuk mencapai kompetensi tertentu; bukan buku yang materinya hanya dibaca, diisi, atau dihafal. Buku ini merupakan penjabaran hal-hal yang harus dilakukan peserta didik untuk mencapai kompetensi yang diharapkan. Sesuai dengan pendekatan kurikulum 2013, peserta didik diajak berani untuk mencari sumber belajar lain yang tersedia dan terbentang luas di sekitarnya. Buku ini merupakan edisi ke-1. Oleh sebab itu buku ini perlu terus menerus dilakukan perbaikan dan penyempurnaan. Kritik, saran, dan masukan untuk perbaikan dan penyempurnaan pada edisi berikutnya sangat kami harapkan; sekaligus, akan terus memperkaya kualitas penyajian buku ajar ini. Atas kontribusi itu, kami ucapkan terima kasih. Tak lupa kami mengucapkan terima kasih kepada kontributor naskah, editor isi, dan editor bahasa atas kerjasamanya. Mudah-mudahan, kita dapat memberikan yang terbaik bagi kemajuan dunia pendidikan menengah kejuruan dalam rangka mempersiapkan generasi seratus tahun Indonesia Merdeka (2045). Jakarta, Januari 2014 Direktur Pembinaan SMK Drs. M. Mustaghfirin Amin, MBA iii DAFTAR ISI PENULIS .................................................................................................................. ii KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................ iii DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................. iv I. PENDAHULUAN ...............................................................................................1 A. Deskripsi ..........................................................................................................1 B. Kompetensi Inti dan Kompetensi Dasar ...........................................................2 C. Silabus.............................................................................................................4 D. Rencana Aktivitas Belajar .............................................................................. 16 II. PEMBELAJARAN ............................................................................................ 17 A. Kegiatan Belajar 1 ......................................................................................... 17 Memeriksa Sistem dan Rangkaian Kontrol Otomatik. .......................................... 17 1. Dasar Sistem Kontrol................................................................................... 21 2. Control Loop ............................................................................................. 24 3. Mode Kontrol ............................................................................................. 28 4. Komponen Sistem Kontrol ........................................................................... 49 B. Kegiatan Belajar 2........................................................................................... 54 Memeriksa Kondisi Operasi Sakelar Otomatik berbasis Suhu ............................. 54 1. Prinsip Pengontrolan Suhu ....................................................................... 55 2. Pemeriksaan Thermostat .............................................................................. 64 3. Pengaturan Range dan Differential ................................................................ 67 C. Kegiatan Belajar 3 .......................................................................................... 71 Memeriksa Sistem dan Rangkaian Pengontrolan Suhu ....................................... 71 1. Perangkat Kontrol (Control Device) .......................................................... 71 2. Thermostat ............................................................................................... 73 D. Kegiatan Belajar 4 ......................................................................................... 87 Menentukan Sistem dan Rangkaian Pengontrolan Operasi Kompresor ............. 87 1. Pengontrolan Motor Kompresor Berbasis Suhu ........................................ 88 2. Pengontrolan Motor Kompresor Berbasis Tekanan .................................. 96 3. Piranti Pengaman ................................................................................... 101 E. Kegiatan Belajar 5 ....................................................................................... 107 Menganalisis Gangguan Kelistrikan Refrijerasi dan Tata Udara ........................ 107 1. Gangguan Pada Rangkaian Kompresor ................................................. 107 2. Gangguan Pada Pressure Control .......................................................... 116 iv 3. Pelacakan Gangguan ............................................................................. 118 DAFTAR PUSTAKA .............................................................................................. 130 v I. PENDAHULUAN A. Deskripsi Kurikulum 2013 dirancang untuk memperkuat kompetensi siswa dari sisi pengetahuan, keterampilan dan sikap secara utuh. Proses pencapaiannya melalui pembelajaran sejumlah mata pelajaran yang dirangkai sebagai suatu kesatuan yang saling mendukung pencapaian kompetensi tersebut. Buku bahan ajar dengan judul Kontrol Refrigerasi dan Tata Udara2 ini merupakan paket keahlian yang digunakan untuk mendukung pembelajaran pada mata pelajaran Kontrol Refrigerasi dan Tata Udara, untuk SMK Paket Keahlian Teknik Pendingin dan Tata Udara yang diberikan pada kelas XI. Buku ini menjabarkan usaha minimal yang harus dilakukan siswa untuk mencapai kompetensi yang diharapkan, yang dijabarkan dalam kompetensi inti dan kompetensi dasar. Sesuai dengan pendekatan yang dipergunakan dalam Kurikulum 2013, siswa diberanikan untuk mencari dari sumber belajar lain yang tersedia dan terbentang luas di sekitarnya. Peran guru sangat penting untuk meningkatkan dan menyesuaikan daya serap siswa dengan ketersediaan kegiatan pada buku ini. Guru dapat memperkayanya dengan kreasi dalam bentuk kegiatan-kegiatan lain yang sesuai dan relevan yang bersumber dari lingkungan sosial dan alam. Buku siswa ini disusun di bawah koordinasi Direktorat Pembinaan SMK, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, dan dipergunakan dalam tahap awal penerapan Kurikulum 2013. Buku ini merupakan “dokumen hidup” yang senantiasa diperbaiki, diperbaharui, dan dimutakhirkan sesuai dengan dinamika kebutuhan dan perubahan zaman. Masukan dari berbagai kalangan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas buku ini. 1 B. Kompetensi Inti dan Kompetensi Dasar KOMPETENSI INTI KOMPETENSI DASAR 1. Menghayati dan mengamalkan 1.1. Mengamalkan nilai-nilai ajaran agama ajaran agama yang dianutnya dalam melaksanakan pekerjaan di Menghayati dan mengamalkan bidang kontrol refrigerasi dan tata udara. ajaran agama yang 1.2. Mengamalkan nilai-nilai ajaran agama dianutnya sebagai tuntunan dalam melaksanakan pekerjaan di bidang kontrol refrigerasi dan tata udara. 2. Menghayati dan mengamalkan 2.1. Mengamalkan perilaku jujur, disiplin, perilaku jujur, disiplin, teliti, kritis, rasa ingin tahu, inovatif dan tanggungjawab, peduli (gotong tanggung jawab dalam pekerjaan di royong, kerjasama, toleran, bidang kontrol refrigerasi dan tata udara. damai), santun, responsif dan 2.2. Menghargai kerjasama, toleransi, damai, proaktif, dan menunjukkan santun, demokratis, dalam sikap sebagai bagian dari menyelesaikan masalah perbedaan solusi atas berbagai konsep berpikirdalam melakukan tugas permasalahan dalam memasang dan memelihara peralatan berinteraksi secara efektif refrigerasi dan tata udara. dengan lingkungan sosial dan 2.3. Menunjukkan sikap responsif, proaktif, alam serta dalam konsisten, dan berinteraksi secara efektif menempatkan diri sebagai dengan lingkungan sosial sebagai cerminan bangsa dalam bagian dari solusi atas berbagai pergaulan dunia permasalahan dalam melakukan pekerjaan di bidang bidang kontrol refrigerasi dan tata udara. 3. Memahami, menerapkan dan 3.1. Menentukan prosedur keselamatan dan menganalisis pengetahuan kesehatan kerja di bidang pekerjaan faktual, konseptual,
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