LAND- ANI) FRESHWATER MOLLUSCS etc. 177
NOTE XVIII.
The Land- and Freshwater-Molluscs of
the Dutch West-Indian Islands
BY
Dr. J.H. Vernhout
As I stated in the non-marine Molluscs of my paper on
Surinam (p. 1 of this volume), our knowledge of the
Mollusc-fauna of the Dutch colonies in America is only
little. In that I all that is very paper exposed known, up
to the present time, of the non-marine shell-bearing molluscs of Surinam; at present I will do the same with regard to
the other Dutch colony in America, viz. the colony of Curaçao.
of small all This colony consists of two groups islands,
in the placed under one Governor, residing principal island
the Curaçao, which has given its name to whole colony.
One the of consists of the group, near coast Venezuela,
islands Aruba, Curaço, Little Curaçao, Bonaire and Little
The situated in the northern Bonaire. other group, part of the chain of the Lesser Antilles, comprises the small
islands St. Eustatius, Saba and St. Martin; the latter only
partly, viz. the south of the island, the northern part
belonging to France.
When I said that little is known about the land- very and freshwater molluscan fauna of our West-Indian islands,
I ought to have made an exception for St. Martin. In his
land- and freshwater-molluscs of and paper on Guadeloupe de Conch. II. Maze its dependencies (Journ. 38, p. 19),
of freshwater-molluscs of gives a catalogue the land- and
St. Martin, with carefully stated localities, lie enumerates
Notes from tlie Loytlen Museum, Vol. XXXVI.
12 178 LAND- AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCS
48 species from that small island. There is no reason to expect that the other islands, some of them moreover being
larger than St. Martin, should be in a much worse condition
for molluscan life than this is.land. It is only the want of carefully exploring the islands, that accounts for the small number of molluscs recorded from them.
It is much to be regretted that the Leyden Museum
9 of the land- and freshwater-molluscs possesses only species of the Dutch West-Indian islands, 7 of them from Curasao
far I 1 (4 however new for that island, so as know), from
Bonaire, and 1 from St. Martin.
of the terrestrial and fluviatile In order to get a survey
molluscs, at present recorded from the Dutch islands in
West-India, I have compiled the following lists, giving for each island the molluscs hitherto known. Well stated
which the various have localities on the islands, at species been collected, are wanting in most cases. St. Martin only
favorable in this is making a exception respect.
I have list of the in which I found added a papers,
the mentioned molluscs, as inhabiting the different islands.
Many references in this Bibliography are second-hand, owing that the of the Museum to the fact library Leyden pos-
and with sesses only very few periodicals papers dealing
Malacology; moreover many important malacologieal period-
in the Netherlands. icals are not present in any public library
This fact will account for its probable incompleteness, and will also, I hope, excuse the errors it might contain.
that he had Lately Mr. M. M. Schepinan wrote to me,
in the list of the Mollusca composed, already year 1911, a
of of the Dutch West-Indies for an Encyclopedia Dutch
not West-India, but that, owing to some contributors sending
in their his has not been manuscripts, paper yet published
at this moment. I not to have been able to consult am sorry
this no will contain valuable matter as paper, that, doubt,
of this regards, our knowledge subject.
In the following lists, the species represented in the
Leyden Museum by specimens from the.Dutch West-Indian
asterisk. islands, are marked with an
Notes from the T_j©yden Museum, "Vol. XXXVI. OF THE DUTCH WEST-INDIAN ISLANDS. 179
1880, 1899, pp. 1873, 113, van Mr. 40; 101; 42; 48. p. Museum Pilsbry, p. 77. Pilsbry, p. p. Martens, 1866, pp. (Mr. p. 1903, v. 154. 1883, Bland, 136: 1873, 126; 1873, Pilsbry, Martens, 1898, Buitendijk, 48. 48. Leyden 300; Bland, 1904, p. Museum p. 146, 191: 48. v. p. p. Pilsbry, 114; p. Dr. Bland, Binney, p. Bland, p. 48; 1879, 28; 192; Smith, 1883, 113, 1903, 1903, by p. 1860, p. et Pilsbry, 324. et 1868, 113, 1903, p. Leyden pp. 140; Vuyck, Ann's; Ann's; 1903, 323, pp. 1861, 1868, 180; 115: Binney, 115. St. Steenbergen). p. Crosse 1904, St. Pilsbry, Pilsbry, Crosse recorded Gibbons, Epp). Albers, Dr. Bland, at Epp). Pilsbry, p. at 113, 322, 113, 1898, 1887, 136; 131; 131; 144. 58. Pilsbry, (Dr. 154; Bland, Bland, Epp, 157; 135, 323. 158; 136, (Mr. (Dr. 143; 192; pp. 113. 29; 1901, pp. p. Pilsbry, pp. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. 27; Dr. p. Smith, 27, 210; 369; Lorie, 1898, 1879, 48: 1906, 1898, i860, 1889, 26, Museum 1859, Pilsbry, 1872, 1879, 1906, 1879, 1879, 1879, Museum Museum pp. p. 1872, 1866, Epp). 1868, 366, p. 1898, 122; 24, 219; Koohvijk, Weeks). Pilsbry, pp. (Dr. 1899, 1860, 143, 114; Smith, 1903, Smith, Albers, Pilsbry, Bland, p. Bland, Leyden Pfeiffer, p. Crosse, Gibbons, Gibbons, Pilsbry, Gibbons, Gibbons, Crosse, Gibbons, Smith, Leyden Leyden <*.
V*
{ « var. Ad.
't notabilis Gundl. B. ( Say. as Bolten. Bolten. C. var. d'Orb., Cr. Mke. inermis Gibb. recorded Fér. L. raveni Fer. elongatus Mor. multilineatus octonoides elongatus torallyi L. also uva gloynii incerta lima uva Fer. sisalensis Helix Helix Bulimus Bulimulus Bulimus Bulimus Helix pentodonPupa Strophia Cylindrella Macroceramus Cionella Stenogyra
var. Say. Bolten. Cr. Fer. Gibb. Gibb., Gmel. Fer. Gmel. L. Gibb. raveni Cr. Species incerta spec. -J- lima elongatus multilineatus gloynii gloynii Pils. d'Orb. Say. L. pusillus virgineus gyrata spec. flavus uva longurio Pleurodonte Brachypodella Microceramus minuscula micra fallax Pleurodonte *Drymaeus Drymaeus *Liguus *Cerion Leptinaria Leptinaria Opeas Pupa Pupa Succinea Planorbis *Melampus *Melampus
Notes from the Ley-den Museum, "Vol. XXXVI. 180 LAND- AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCS
43; 1868, 131; van for The be also 1880, 113; 154. Ley-
p. p. to (Mr. p. 146, new Mke. 77. 323. 116; 24. Bland, Bland, p. 1887, p. 1873, 1898, p. Museum are seems considered pp.113, 113, 143: Lorie, costata 192; 1904, 1906, 1899, Bland, it pp. p. be p. Smith, 1904, species a _ by by et 219; Leyden to 1898, by 1866, Koohvijk). where 1868, 24; Pilsbry, Pilsbry, Pilsbry, p. four Tudor is Pilsbry, 116. 116; p. 27. Crosse van 115; 115; Smith, 114; 114. recorded Bland, 1873, and recorded Bland, Preston), recorded 118. 113, 113, Haiti, 1892, 24, Bonaire. (Mr. 113, 113, 113, 113, p. 159; Curacao, pp. 113,114; 113. 192; pp. 28; pp. introduced, 25; (Mr. p. pp. p. Gmel., pp. pp. p. pp. 1879, p. Martens, p. pp. from 1898, 1898, island Crosse, 1899, v. Museum from 1872, 1861, 1861, 1898, 1898, 1898, 1898, 1868, Museum 1898, 1393, flavus 122; Martens, Smith, 191; Smith, Koohvijk). the evidently Pilsbry, p. ]). den recorded Crosse Bland, Leyden known M. iiland, Smith, Smith, Smith, Smith, Bland, Smith, SmilVi, v. from and are Pot. Gmel., Pfr. XYWYVA hitherto only rare ARUBA. BONAIRE. Per. Smith. Bolten. as as Bolten. as is Bolten. llina Cr. Pfr. 1*\UYW\ pusillus it recorded megacheilum varieties, recorded recorded elongatus virgulatus raveni harterti crysta recorded elongatus where elongatus versicolor freshwater-shells Yyuiaxyv also also also Mich. and Melampus iwx species, and Cyclostoma et Bulimus Bulimulus Bulimulus Cylindrella Neosubulina Paludestrina Tudora Bulimulus L, Guyana, species land- importation. var. . Mich. of 1 21 first-named French et virgineus to Bolten. Cr. Smith. Bolten. Smith. Pfr. Wood. OYVVJ Pot. these due species Brag. Mke. the from raveni Cr. Pfr. Liguus as G Species elongatus B. of Species elongatus bonairensis harterti coronata Species zebra and atirantiaca raveni megacheila costata Among Only uva a island: Curasao crystallina Neritina Cistula *Tudor occurrence common, Drymaeus Brachypodella Pineria? Leptinaria Amnicola Drymaeus Cerion *Tudora this for *Tudora
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. X XXVI. OF TIIE DUTCH WEST-INDIAN ISLANDS. 181
25 maps 1890, 27. 1890, 37, Sem- 1897, 1897, 1897, 1898, 24, only pp. Curacao. Venezuela. pp. Maze, (Dr. some Maze, 1897, Pilsbry, Pilsbry, Pilsbry, by in to 1899, on 24. 23. 23. 24. 33; 33; present Museum 24; 25; 26: but p. p. p. p. p. p. Curasao-Shells, recorded Pilsbry, p. p. p. at Bonaire. Pilsbry, virgineus Islands, 1890, 1890, 1890, 1890, 1861, 1861, Leyden 1890, 1890, 1890, 24; on 25; melink). 40. 42. 43. Liguus p. 39; p. from Maze, Maze, Maze, Maze, Bland, Bland, p. p. p. Aves paper Netherlands, Venezuela, Maze, Maze, Maze, or like at the the of Phi- to Smith's Shore of BONAIRE. that coast Curasao Lowlands; island. traveller; Mr. belong Philipsburg. the Accords. here, the locality Marigot. Environs in from Marigot; some not of of of des LITTLE at at by do Bonaire. either Philipsburg. Mountains. parts lipsburg. observe Cr., Aruba. Marigot. Environs Shore Simson-Bay; Simson-Bay. Marigot; and mentioned Shore All Morne and MARTIN. to and only elsewhere islets. blandi ST. var. wish neighbourhood Aruba. Bolten. Fer. CURAÇAO Roques, Curacao now as Mull. Drou. from Bonaire Pfr. Shuttl. Gmel.U111C1. these I Fer. Gmel., and Gmel. till ■lO Los (Ravenia) the from recorded exilis ; eyriesii LITTLE from elongatus virgulatus exilis exilis in Curasao, introduced and Curagao gundlachi subaquila bracteola lychnuchus confusion, recorded also r in Spiraxis mentioned et. islands from Helix Helix Helix Helix Bulimus Bulimus Bulimus Bulimulus Bulimus (3 Bulimulus recorded known. are probably occurs is possession, J are exclude curious are Pfr., Mull.') Dutch reported JL Drou. Pfr. Fer. raveni species Pfr. Bolten. to LV/ remarks the elongatus I Dutch is subaquila Fer. vortex•\J! Mollusca the varieties other lychnuchus guadalupensis guadalupensis eyriesii order a found uva Species elongatus lehmanni limnoides Maze as gundlachi var. No From and The bracteola As In was Drymaeus Cerion Brachypodella 1) Thysanophora Shuttl. Thysanophora var. Brug. Brug. indicated where species Conulus Pleurodonte Drymaeus *Bulimulus Bulimulus Bulimulus Bulimulus
Notes from the Leyden Museum, "Vol. XXXVI. 182 LAND- AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCS
1899, 1904, 1883,Pilsbry, 1906, 1890, 250: 1890a, 1890a, p. Pilsbry, Pilsbry, Binney, 27; Pilsbry, Maze, Crosse, by p. 1890b, 152. Crosse, 112. 101; 25. 22. 22. 22. 23. p. 26. 26. 27. 28. 29 29. 29. 29. 27; 27: 124: 1890, 23: 28; p. p. p. p. p.29; p. p. p. p. Ill, p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. recorded p. Crosse, 1891, p. Maze, 1883, 1890, 1890, 1890, 1880, pp. 1890, 1890, 1890, 1890, 1890, 1890, 1890, 1890, 1890, 1890, 1890, 1890, 1890, 1890, 1890, oO. 243. 80. 126: 268. 23; 47. 1904,' Crosse, p. Maze, Maze, p. Maze, p. Bland, p. Maze, Maze, Maze, Maze, p. Maze, Binney, p. Maze, Maze, Maze, Maze, p. Maze, Maze, Maze, Maze, Maze, Maze,
of of at En- Phi- Marigot; Bay Bay Shore Philipsburg. Anse; island. Anse; GvaodeBaie. Simson-Pool. Philipsburg. of Philipsburg. the Huitres. Bay Marigot; Marigot; Philipsburg. locality Grande of Grande Marigot; of baie; Paradis. Case. of aux Paradis. verte. at at at Almostallpartsoftheisland. parts lipsburg. Philipsburg. Philipsburg. of PVVAivsboYg-, Grande Simson-Bay; Marigot; virons Marigot. Simson-Bay. Lowlands; Bluff. Simson-Bay. Grande Morne Baie All Environs Marigot; Etang Morne Shore Shore Shore Bay
Pot. Pfr.r>A. Fer. iC.B.Ad. Pfr. Pfr. ..* 7. Pfr. as Rang. Fischer. Chemn. Pfr. lamellata gundlachi recorded depressa collaris schrammi octona octonoides subula swiftiana gundlachi nitidulus also Mich.
Pellicula Cylindrella Pineria Stenogyra Stenogyra Stenogyra Stenogyra Tornatellina et Geostilbia Caecilianella Bulimulus
:Less. „Fer." Pot. Pfr. Shuttl. Pfr. Pfr. Maze. Pfr. Pfr. Lea. Gmel. Miihlf. antiperversa Brug. Gmel. Gmel. depressa Pfr. fraterculus d'Orb. Hutt. lamellata gundlachi cingulatus Species Mich. octona swiftianus nitidulus candeana approximans guadeloupensis pusillus flavus coffea mirabilis viequensis pellucida martiniana? et gracile micra Mich. Pot. Rang. Fer. var. Bulimulus Amphibulima Brachypodella Pineria Subulina Opeas Opeas Obeliscus Leptinaria et Caecilioides Pupoides Pupa Succinea Succinea Omalonyx Melampus Melampus Melampus Melampus Pedrpes
Notes from the Lcyden Museum, Vol. XXXVI. OF THE DUTCH WEST-INDIAN ISLANDS. 183
et 1892, 1900, 1890, 493. Crosse Maze, 492, by Crosse, Fischer, 34; pp. 30. 58; 30. 30. 31; et 31. 31. 32. 32. 32. 32. 33. 33. 33. 33. 33. 34. 34. p. p. p. p. p. p. recoi'deci p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. Crosse 1900, 1871, i890, 1890, 1890, 1890, 1890, 1890, 1890, 1890, 1890, 1890, 1890, 1890, 1890, 1890, 1890, 1890, 1890, 1890, by 40; 267. 31. Fischer, Maze, Maze, Maze, Maze, p. p. Maze, Maze, Bland, p. Maze, Maze, Maze, Maze, Maze, Maze, Maze, Maze, Maze, Maze, Maze, Maze, 195. recorded 27. 193, at collected. 24, Phi- Phi- Sim- Baie. 47. pp. pp. Simson- Grande Grande p. of of of Shore island. island. been Philipsburg. Grande 1899, 1897, 1906, the the Canal locality Huitres; Environs Environs Marigot; at Marigot. Marigot; Philipsburg. of Marigot; have Paradis. Paradis. Paradis. Philipsburg. Baie. of aux Shore Pilsbry, Pilsbry, Pilsbry, lipsburg. at at at at parts at Philipsburg; Simson-Bay. Simson-Pool. Pool. lipsburg. Baie: son-Pool. Etang Marigot; Marigot; Lowlands Simson-Bay. Morne Morne Morne Shore Shore Shore Baie; Shore Grande Simson-Bay; Shore Simson-Bay. varieties All EUSTATIUS. and ST. as Muller. Morel.
candeana auberiana Fer. species recorded effusa viridans picta 48 also Paludestrina d'Orb. Paludestrina d'Orb. Ampullaria Helicina Sphaerium island small iFer. Pfr.nr.. Sow. Ad. d'Orb. Sow., Pfr. _ Pfr. Pfr. d'Orb. 7 Mich. Lowe. Bolten. Maze.' Pfr. L. C.B. Lam. Lam. Morel. rather i julieni L. Species glauca occidentale caribaeensis scalaris bilabiata clathrus d'Orb. coronata auberiana this Species elongatus diaphanus sowerbyana orbignyi guadeloupensis pupaeformis fasciata virginea viridis viridans In micra Fischer. (3. Chondropoma crenulatum Truncatellamodesta Aplecta Aplecta Physa•J Amnicola Amnicola Ampullaria Tudora var. Chondropoma Choanapoma Truncatella Truncatella Truncatella Truncatella Helicina Neritina Neritina Eupera Drymaeus Bulimulus Opeas
Notes From the Leyden Museum, "Vol. XXXVI. 184 LAND- AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCS
to South- widely species Table seventh 237. Subulina in amounts the one this 235, he and 47. of of pp. p. to Eustatius. distributed possess islands. together, sixth 1897, 1899, St. by by "several prove divisions the not in •/
5 do and islands recorded widely recorded Pilsbry, Pilsbry, will 58)', Saba: West-Indian first 198. 200. the are 124; 124: 124. 124. Martin in p. p. The p. p. p. p. all pp. probably knowledge, St. 1906, 1906, Opeasx Dutch 1880, 1880, 1880, 1880, in from Table. 3 occurring excepted. of Eustatius. (1871, Pilsbry, Pilsbry, the Bland, Bland, species present Bland, Bland, occurring St. as / groups recorded Bland our Saba. following var. perhaps are island; These Martin, of SABA. to and Fer., both the as as Saba. St. Va this mentioned gracile hitherto 124). species in in from Fer. Eustatius Aruba, and recorded "West-Indies. recorded p. according Opeas fraterculus and Eustatius. from found given IV picta goodalli. Opeas St. varieties, and St. also also I is to recorded Martin. the 1880, Martin Bonaire, Martin. III, known O. group, two nr. in Bulimulus micra St. and II, Helicina Ox.J•St.i are Martin, St. species or common \>. and in I, are • T this St. (Bland gracile, one Opeas Curasao, distribution X is Curacao, species «/ of species only four occurs Curacao, Brug. O. section Pfr. them, Curafao, of section. Lam. elongatus, diaphanus elongatus: 56— these islands pusillus: Pfr. of flavus: Hutt. ' Miller. species Amphibulimapatula micra, fasciata with \\\% Species x Central-America Stenogyrae” following totality 3 geographical Species diaphanus all micra: riisei? fasciata NsiVOn. Opeas to gracile goodalli Five Besides The Drymaeus Bulimulus The The Helicina Drymaeus Opeas Melampus Melampus their agreeing Opeas Opeas America, Bulimulus Succinea Helicina distributed AXxvsvuxv octona, common 73-, are
Notes from the Leyden Museum, "Vol. XXXVI. >* 03
S to a
to £ « ft 42 -a p 3 _ g « co ei P *3 2 *-C Other American localities. d rö SroSc «2 £ M a rb o o ' a £ -J) o 42 .2 'öS . 13 .2 g O Ü U 03 *C 0_a 1» nsStUrZ »"O T3 a a o o = a CO * 2 3 -5 ® O = -a H .2 S 2 P ."S CO g « .S rt ri eS SPECIES. eä a S "S '3 t/j 42 £ £ 5 .S O '3 g N P C « The are jo JO Ei W « ,j > 2 -E Keys C -£ a * M r -S -c J '£ « g P >» S" g 'g .5 U J) tm P P oS o flSE P o .P o c rt 0 O rt Jamaica . . o rt . *2 5 J: >H S- a o P Haiti .C3 Trinidad 03 O po pq Tobago P-«>C/3l/)E-<-^c/3'
C Ba Be S3 P V Th J To Ad S AgM B C SEKNEaAMoGDe Ma St Do Mt Bs L V Gs Gr g C B A Ve G
Couulus gundlacbi C. J. H. P. V. Th. M. G. _ Florida, Nicaragua.
Thysanophora subaquila.... — — — P. V. Th. M. B. G. .
Thysanophora vortex, >) var.
bracteola (C) (Be) — (H) (P) (V) M. (C) G. De. Ma. (Th) St. Mt.(Bs) _ Florida, Georgia.
Pleurodonte — lychiiucbns .... — — M. G. St. _
Pleurodonte — incerta — — P. _ c.
Pleurodonte lima — — __ P. V. — c. _
Drymaeus elongatus — — — V. Th. J. To. Ad. 13. C. A. G. P. _ Ag. M. E. Mt. C.R. A. Ve? Florida ?
multilineatus .... — — — — — Drymaeus — C. Ve. Colombia, Yucatan, Florida.
Bulimulus guadalupensis . . . — J. H. P. V. Th. To. M. B. K. Ba. A. Mo. G.De. St.Do. Mt. Bs. Ma. V? G?
Bulimulus guadalupensis, var.
— — — Th. J. G. eyriesii P. V, MY C. K.N. A. Bs. L. Tr? G.
Bulimulus lehmanni — — — — Ag. M.
Bulimulus limnoides — . — — G. M. V. _
Bulimulus fraterculus — — — G. MY _ _ _ _ _
Bulimulus diapbanus — — — P. V. Th. S.3BC. _ Bs. __ _
— — H. Liguus virgineus — — c. G.
— — — Amphibulima patula — S. K. G. Ma. Do. 1
Amphibulima depressa — — — M. G. _
Cerion uva — — — — — C. A.
• raveni — — — Brachypodella — — O. B.
Brachypodclla antiperversa . . — — — M. IS. G. Ma. St. Mt. V.
Pineria — — — V. vieqnensis Ag. M. B. G. Bs.
Pineria? bonairensis — — — — — B. — Microceramus — — — spec — — C. Subulina octona C. Ba. Be. J. H. P. V. Th. J. To. M.B A. G. De. Ma. Do. Mt. Bs. St. L. V. Gs. Gr. Tr. Ve. G. Florida, Yucatan, other Mexico- localities, British Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Cos- tarica, Colombia, Brazil,
Ecuador.
Opeas micra C. Be. J. H. P. V. Th. J. M. C. E. A. B. G. De. Ma. St. Mt.Bs. L. V. Gs. Gr. Tr. C. G. Florida, Yucatan, other Mexico-
localities, Honduras, Nicara-
gua.
... C. J. H. Opeas gracile P. Th. J. M. B. C. E. A. G. De. Ma. St. Tr. Mt.Bs. — Ve. Gr. G. Yucatan, Honduras, British
Honduras, Guatemala, Nica-
ragua, Costarica, Punaina,
Colombia, Brazil, Ecuador, Cocos-Island, Alabama. C. J. H. Opeas goodalli P. Th. E. G. — Ma. St. Bs. L. V. — Ve. Mexico, Nicaragua, Costarica, Panama, Colombia, Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia, Argentina.
Obeliscus swiftianus C. Be. — — P. V. Th. J. M. C. G.
— lamellata — J. Leptinaria P. To. M. B. G.De. Ma. St. Do. Mt. Bs. V. Gs. Gr. Tr. Ve. G. Colombia, Brazil, Bolivia.
— — Leptinaria gloynii — — — c.
Leptinaria gloynii, var. miuus-
eula — — — — — c.
harterti — — — Leptinaria — — B.
Caecilioides gundlachi — J. H. Th. M. G. Bs. _ __
nitidulus C. Be. H. Ba. J. P. M. C. — Pupoides — — — — —
1) Between parentheses the typical T. vortex. —« 5 ci n o rt ci V- 3 c3 ci ,£3 . riO-2 Other American localities. £ M 03 0 ä 'd c3 o £ -O s -2 9 -§ ci 'S 'u "o « S g 1 » -s '3 o tu •x) N S P E C IE S. *3 -8 -S S .s Vincent £ The * £ g .£ £ .1 | | I J Lucia 0} C3 Keys are 1 h £ -g g> S SP o £ g- äf -g .2 Ö Bahamas -2 Bermudas o o C a si o Grenadines o O comprised in Florida.
3 O W -1 5 J J K P V Th J To SBKNBJAMOG J Tr To 0 5J AdSAgMBC De Ma St DoMtBs t < Ve G
C. Pupa pellucida Ba. Be. J. H. P. V. Th. M. C. Bs. Gr. Texas, Yucatan, Guatemala. fallax Pupa — — — — C. _
Pupa longurio — — — C.
Succinea caudeana — — — M. B. — G. St. Mt. _
Succinea approxirnans l) .... — ~ — P. V. Th. Tr. M. G.De Do. L. Gr. Continental America. Succinea riisei P — H. P. C. S.
' Succinea gyrata — — c. _
' Omalonyx guadeloupensis . . . — — M. G. Tr?
Planorbis — — spec o. __
pusillus C. Ba. J. H. P. Th. B. Tr. Melampus M. G. St. Mt. c. Ve. G. Florida. llavus Melarnpus C. J. H. P. — M.B. G. c. Ve. Florida.
coffea Melampus C. J. H. P. M. — Th. G. Mt. Tr. — G Florida, Texas, Yucatan, British
Honduras.
Melampus cingulatus C. J. H. P. M. — V. Florida. mirabilis Pedipes C Be. J. H. P. M. B. n Tr. vi . j.ui,
Aplecta sowerbyana C. J. P. V. Th. M. B. G.De. Ma. St. Mt. Bs. V. Gr. Tr. Ve. G. Brazil, Uruguay, Patagonia.
—■ Aplecta orbignyi — M. G. ___
Physa guadeloupensis — — M. G. __
coronata Amnicola c. — J. P. M. — — V. Th. J. G. — Ve. Texas, Mexico, San Salvador, Nicaragua, Colombia.
Amnicola var. coronata, c. — J. V. Gr. — crys- To. G. JB. Yucatan, other Mexico-locali- tallina ties, British Honduras, Gua-
temala, San Salvador. Amnicola auberinna 0. — —- M. G. —
Ampullaria glauca — — M. Gr. G. Ma. Mt. Tr. Ve. G.
Tudora — — megacheila — c.
Tudora costata — — — c.
Tudora aurantiaca — — —
B. __
2 Tudora pupaeforinis, var. ß. — — (H) M. ) (Ag) ___ _
crenulatum — — — Chondropoma . . . M. G.De. Ma. St.
— — Chondropoma julieni — 1\1. S. G. __ _
Choanopoma occidentale. . . . — — — M. Mt. _
Cistula raveni — — — _ c. _
Truncatella caribaeensis.... c. J. H. P. Th. M. G. St. Mt. _ Florida, Mexico.
scalaris c. — Truncatella J. M. G. St.
— Truncatella modesta — J. M. G. St. Mt. _
Truncatella bilabiata c. J. H. P. Th. m. Tr. Florida, Mexico.
— Truncatella clathrus — — P- Th. M. G. St. __ , _
— P- — V. Helicina fasciata J. M. S. K. G.De Ma. St. Mt. Tr. _
— Neritina — — P. zebra — — c. Ve. G. Panama, Brazil. H. P- Ncritina virginea c. J. V. Th. M. C. A. G. Mt. Bs. Gr. Tr. — G. Florida,Yucatan, other Mexico-
localities, Honduras, British
Honduras, Nicaragua, Cos-
tarica.
Neritina viridis C. Be. J. H. P- Th. J. Ag. M. C. A. G. St. Mt. Bs. L. Tr. — Florida, Yucatan, other Mexico-
localities, Costarica.
viridans C. — Eupera M. — G. — — —
1) Including the eventual from St. Martin. variety 2) Between parentheses the typical T. pupaeformis. OF THE DUTCH WEST-INDIAN ISLANDS. 185
As regards the distribution of the species, recorded from
St. Martin, as shown in the above Table, this island seems
to between the islands of occupy an intermediate position
section IV It has 29 and and those of section V a. species
varieties in common with islands of both section IV and
V 14 in of section a, moreover species common with islands
V and 5 in with other islands a alone, only species common of section IV alone; of the latter one species is also occurring
in r in in St. A incent and Florida, and one Trinidad, Mexico and Florida. Thus St. Martin seems to be even more allied
with the islands IV. of section V a, than with those of section
Can the great number of species common to St. Martin and Guadeloupe, 41, perhaps be attributed to the fact that both islands Martin (St. only partly) are belonging to the
same and European power, consequently may have an
increased intercourse?
From the five molluscs, recorded from St. Eustatius, the
three Opeas species are widely distributed, and Drymaeus
is recorded from of the elongatus many West-Indian islands; tins fifth species, Bulimulus diaphanus, is common to this island and to Saba, St. Thomas, Vieques, Portorico and Barbados.
As concerns its other molluscs, besides the not further indicated with Stenogyrae, Saba shares some other islands of section V a: Amphibulima patula, with Haiti, Portorico and St. Croix: Succinea and with islands of riisei, many
section IV and section V and also with Trinidad: Helicina «,
fasciata.
fauna From a geographical point of view the molluscan of the other of islands A priori group is more interesting.
one should expect that the molluscs of Curasao and neigh-
bouring islands, owing to the vicinity of the South-American of Venezuela. continent, should be closely allied with those those A study of the molluscs, recorded till now from relation between islands, informs us however that such a near
and the molluscan faunas of the Curasao-group Venezuela
the 25 recorded from does not exist. Only seven of species,
in Venezuela the three islands together, are also occurring
Vol. XXXVI. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 186 LAND- AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCS
and them the distributed Guyana, among widely Opeas micro, Melampus pusillus and Melampus flavus; Drymaeus elonqatus, an Antillean species, of which the occurrence in
from Venezuela is doubtful; and Liguus virgineus, a species
in well in Haiti, very probably imported Guyana as as
So have been also Pleurodonte incerta and Curasao. may
Plearodonte lima. Amnicola coronata, var. crystallina, occur-
in of the Antilles in is ring some and Central-America,
has been the not yet recorded from Venezuela, as typical coronata. The remaining 14 species (not taking in consid-
too for eration the Planorbis spec., young identification) of islands. seem to be peculiar to the CuraQao-group
it is that the to which these Now remarkable genera, species are belonging, with exception of the widely spread
Leptinaria, Pupa and Succinea, do not occur in the continent Cerion has of South-America, or only very sporadically. its greatest development in Cuba and the Bahamas, occurring also in Haiti, Portorico, the Virgin-islands, the Cayman- islands and, semifossil, in St. Croix. Brachypodella is dis- tributed with in the Greater Antilles, some species occurring in the Virgin-islands (1), St. Croix (1), St. Martin, St. Bar- thelemy, Guadeloupe, Marie-Galante, Saintes, Martinique and St. Vincent (1), St. Lucia (1), Barbados (1), Trinidad (1),
Central America and Mexico (4), Colombiaand Venezuela(2),
to to Ecuador (1). Microceramus, which genus, according
Pilsbry, Pineria? bonairensis, nearly related to the Micro-
from will to ceramus spec, Curasao, very likely prove belong,
in is chiefly occurring in Cuba, with some species living
Mexico and Central-America (3), Texas (1), Florida (2),
Haiti and Jamaica (1), Bahamas (2). The subgenus Neo- subulina of Leptinaria is restricted to the islands Curasao and Bonaire with its two species gloynii and harterti, and
in Haiti a variety of the former. Tudora is living Cuba,
in and chiefly in Jamaica, with one species Mexico. Cistula
is occurring chiefly in Cuba, witli some species living in
Haiti, Jamaica, Portorico, Central-America, Yucatan and
the Lesser Antilles.
Apart from the Hutch possessions, the only other locality
Notes from the Ley den Museum, "Vol. XXXVI. OF TJIE DUTCH WEST-INDIAN ISLANDS. 187 of tlio Leeward islands, north of Venezuela, between Punta
Gallinas and Punta Penas, from which a mollusc has been
is the small recorded, group of islets Los Iloques. Crosse
do Conch. mentions (Journ. XXI, p. 69; XXII, p. 69) from Los Roques a single species Ravenia (nov. gen.) blandi (nov. spec.), only found there. According to Pilsbry (Man. Conch. of XIX, p. 29), this shell is closely related to the section of the for Euspiraxis genus Spiraxis; only the remoteness of will maintain the locality he Ravenia as a
The affinities of subgenus. this mollusc are to be sought
for, not in the South-American continent, but in Jamaica.
is The genus Spiraxis recorded chiotly from that island; moreover from Cuba, Isle of Pines, Haiti, Mexico and Central-America.
to According our present knowledge we can only state that the north of islands, Venezuela, possess a mollusc-fauna,
to and that its peculiar themselves, nearest allies are living in the Greater Antilles and in Central-America.
L e y d e n Museum, March 11, 1914.
This when paper was already printed, the Museum came in the of possession a collection of shells, purchased from Messrs. and Sowerby Fulton, among which were speci- mens of
*Cistula raveni Cr. from Curasao. *Tudora pupaeformis Sow. J Pfr. from St. *Chondropoma julieni i Martin,
*Chondropoma igneum live. ) The last named species, so far as I know, has not been recorded until now from St. Martin. Paetel (Catalog der II Conch.-Samml., Abth., 1889, p. 477) gives as its habitat Haiti.
The number of species known from St. Martin, thus becomes 49, the total number recorded from the Hutch
West-Indian islands 74, of which the Leyden Museum possesses only 13 species.
April 7, 1914.
Notes From the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXXVI. 188 LAND- AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCS
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