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Histories of German and Soviet Tank Divisions During World War II

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Histories of German and Soviet Tank Divisions During World War II 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2ND PANZER DIVISION 2 Histories of German and Soviet Tank Divisions During World War II 2ND PANZER DIVISION ..................................................................................2 The Polish Campaign................................................................................3 France ......................................................................................................3 Yugoslavia and Greece ............................................................................5 To Moscow and Back ................................................................................6 Kursk ........................................................................................................7 France, 1944 ............................................................................................8 Attack in the Ardennes ............................................................................9 The Last Battle ........................................................................................10 GROSSDEUTSCHLAND DIVISION ....................................................................11 ■ 2ND PANZER DIVISION The French Campaign ..............................................................................11 Interlude ..................................................................................................13 The 2nd Panzer Division was one of the German Army’s first three panzer divisions, Operation Barbarossa ..............................................................................13 formed in October, 1935, as part of Germany’s general re-armament. Its first com- mander, Gen. Heinz Guderian, had played a vital role in convincing the high command Infantry Division Grossdeutschland ........................................................14 to concentrate tanks into divisions for use as a powerful combined-arms attack force. The 1942 Campaign ................................................................................14 Guderian used his new division to test his theories of armored warfare and the unit The Winter of Stalingrad..........................................................................15 quickly gained a reputation as an elite unit. Citadel ......................................................................................................16 When Germany annexed Austria in early 1938, the 2nd Panzer Division spearheaded Belgorod ..................................................................................................17 the triumphal march on Vienna. Broken-down tanks littered the road from the border Defense of Ukraine and Bessarabia ........................................................17 at Passau all the way to the Austrian capital. Only scattered fighting occurred, with the East Prussia ............................................................................................19 Austrian garrison at Bregenz in far western Austria firing on advancing German units Many Grossdeutschland’s ........................................................................19 and socialist militia in the Vienna industrial district of Favoriten holding out for sev- eral days in a large bakery. Second Panzer Division troops were not involved in either 5TH LIGHT DIVISION/21ST PANZER DIVISION ..............................................20 incident, and the division’s transfer from Bavaria to its new home station in Vienna Cyrenaica: The First Campaign................................................................21 went smoothly. British Counter-Attacks ............................................................................21 Many Austrian soldiers were transferred to the 2nd Panzer Division from the former The Gazala Battles ..................................................................................23 Austrian Bundesheer’s (federal army) small armored force and its Cavalry Division. Into Egypt ................................................................................................25 Others joined as new recruits, and by 1939 the unit was known as the “Vienna Out of Egypt..............................................................................................25 Division.” The division kept its Austrian connection throughout its existence despite the organization of another armored division, the 4th Light Division (later renamed Tunisia......................................................................................................27 9th Panzer Division) in Vienna later in 1938. As originally organized, the 2nd Panzer A New Division ........................................................................................29 Division had two tank regiments of two battalions each and one motorized infantry Normandy Beachhead ..............................................................................29 regiment of three battalions. Lorraine....................................................................................................30 THE 5TH GUARDS TANK CORPS ....................................................................32 THE 8TH GUARDS MECHANIZED CORPS ......................................................44 COMBAT PATH OF THE 12TH GUARDS HEAVY TANK REGIMENT ................69 3 2ND PANZER DIVISION 2ND PANZER DIVISION 4 The Polish Campaign Once again the division came under the command of Heinz Guderian, forming part of In August, 1939, the division moved from its home station in Vienna into the allied his XIX Panzer Corps along with the 1st and 10th Panzer Divisions and the puppet state of Slovakia to prepare for the campaign against Poland. Many soldiers Grossdeutschland motorized regiment. This corps was to force its way through the thought this operation might be another bluff like the mobilization against dense Ardennes forest of eastern Belgium, then break out into the open farmland of Czechoslovakia the year before, but the high command was not willing to accept a northern France and head for the English Channel, trapping the best French and peaceful solution this time. British troops in Belgium. The 2nd Panzer Division and its sister unit, the 4th Light Division, were assigned to The attack began in early May, with the tanks moving slowly through the dense woods the XXII Panzer Corps in the 14th Army of Army Group South. Their mission was to as French cavalry units fought a delaying action in front of them. Last-minute changes spearhead the drive on Kraków, the old capital of Austrian Poland. The high command in the march order caused massive confusion and traffic jams, but the Allies did noth- hoped the two Viennese divisions (seven of the eight divisions on the German south- ing to take advantage of this. The corps burst into open ground on 13 May, with 2nd ern wing were Austrian units) would get a friendly reception from the former Austrian Panzer Division, badly entangled with the neighboring 6th Panzer Division, trailing subjects, but the Poles were ready and willing to fight. The corps was assigned to break behind the corps’ other two panzer divisions. Guderian sent his old division directly through Polish troops dug in along a mountainous line of forested ridges. into the attack across the Meuse River at Sedan as it arrived on the battlefield. The 2nd Panzer Division’s motorcycle battalion secured a crossing of the river, and probing War began on September 1st, 1939. The 2nd Panzer Division pushed its tanks through attacks by the Vienna Division soon found a serious weak point in the French defens- the rough terrain, outflanking the Polish defenses. Late in the day the Poles had to es. At the boundary of two French armies, the 2nd Panzer Division forced its way commit one of their few modern mobile formations to restore their line, the 10th between two weak reservist divisions, both of which began to crumble. As the 10th Mechanized Brigade. The 2nd Panzer Division fought their way past the Polish defend- Panzer Division and Grossdeutschland regiment fought to secure the southern flank of ers, who would not commit their few tanks to a direct engagement. The next day the bridgehead, Guderian took the 1st and 2nd Panzer Divisions and, heedless of intense fighting raged between the 2nd Panzer Division and the 10th Mechanized approaching French counterattack groups, headed west toward the English Channel. Brigade supported by a unit of tough Polish border guards. The Poles fought very hard, but slowly began to retreat toward Kraków. Over the next several days Guderian’s corps advanced rapidly, paying no attention to orders from above to halt immediately. While some of the other advancing panzer divi- By 6 September the 2nd Panzer Division had gained the upper hand in its struggle with sions were counter-attacked by French armored divisions, the 2nd Panzer Division the Poles, who lacked reserves to back up their determined defense. On the next day brushed aside light opposition. On 19 May the division captured a British artillery bat- a premature withdrawal by one Polish army opened a wide gap in the Polish lines, and tery, still in its barracks at Albert with nothing but training ammunition on hand. The the XXII Panzer Corps burst into the opening. The Poles were soon in full retreat on 2nd Panzer Division reached the Channel coast two days later and turned northward the southern front, and the 2nd Panzer Division made enormous advances on 8 and 9 to cut off the British Expeditionary Force then retreating toward Dunkerque. September. Soon the division was threatening to cut off the entire Polish
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