A Fine Romance The shapers of Singapore’s cityscape and its national brand tell Hong Xinyi what it takes to design a loveable city

ome say that every story is a love story—even, it seems, the modern its Design 2025 report: “Singapore will extend beyond a liveable city and become a loveable Singapore story, whose opening chapters began with a dose of tough love. city.” In this new chapter of the Singapore story, design will help power an innovation-driven In 1967, the government announced its intention to transform the newly economy, and strengthen the national identity by creating better spaces and services. independent nation into a Garden City. Before this garden could start to grow, About seven years after the rise of the glittering Marina Bay waterfront, Singapore’s the slate had to be wiped clean, quite literally. Singapore’s transformation began cityscape stands at yet another inflection point. Plans for a Greater Southern Waterfront, a with an extensive campaign to educate the public about the evils of littering. The littering Mandai eco-tourism hub, and an ambitious Jewel complex at Changi Airport are afoot, and fines first announced back then have since become a standard joke in the Singapore lexicon public engagement with protecting the unique markers of local heritage is growing everyday. (A Fine City, as the T-shirts for tourists proclaim). But this fundamental belief in the virtues So, one year and counting into Design 2025’s loveable city project, we check in with the of a clean and green city is no laughing matter—the development of Singapore’s vaunted shapers of this city, to find out how they think design can mould a city closer to our hearts. infrastructure is rooted in this commitment to creating a city that works. In today’s parlance, To start with, we asked them what places in Singapore they considered most loveable. That Singapore is a highly liveable city, one that routinely makes the top-tiers of numerous global deceptively twee word actually packs a potent punch if you really take it seriously. To be surveys ranking places where you can safely build a stable life. loveable is to be cherished, and for something to be treasured, it has to tap into deep reservoirs Increasingly, however, liveability is becoming more of a baseline among the world’s most of emotion—not something commonly associated with this resolutely pragmatic island. Some vibrant cities, rather than a unique selling point. So the way forward for Singapore seeks to say that every love story is a ghost story, always shaped by the memories of what came before. tug at the heartstrings as well as the purse strings. In 2016, the Design Masterplan Committee, So perhaps it is fitting that our story begins on a rain-misted morning in one of Singapore’s

established by the Ministry of Communications and Information, announced a new vision in image: 123RF oldest campuses. MAN WITH A VISION Shirt, sweater, pants, PAST IS PROLOGUE tie, pocket square and “Whatever you do today, you have to take a photo of the lake.” That is one of the first things TOP OF shoes, all by Boss Liu Thai Ker tells us when we meet him at his alma mater Chung Cheng High School (Main) THE LAKE on an overcast morning for this photo shoot. Yes, the school’s Goodman Road campus has Liu Thai Ker braved some a lovely lake, and it gives the grounds quite the air of scenic serenity. Of course we want to muddy puddles take a picture of him by the lake. But we peer out at the gentle drizzle, and say without much to enjoy a scenic confidence that hopefully the rain will let up soon. “Well, I think it looks quite nice like this,” lakeside view of Liu says in his understated way. “So I hope it doesn’t stop raining.” his alma mater One doesn’t usually expect this kind of puckish playfulness from public figures of his stature. More than two decades after he left government to join RSP Architects Planners & Engineers, Liu is still widely remembered and deeply respected for his contributions in shaping Singapore. His stint at the Housing & Development Board (HDB)—first as architect-planner, then as CEO—spanned two critical nation-building decades starting from 1969 that saw the completion of two dozen new towns and over half a million public housing units. As chief planner and CEO of the Urban Redevelopment Authority from 1989 to 1992, he spearheaded the major revision of the Singapore Concept Plan and consolidated conservation policies and practices. His influence also extends beyond these shores—as RSP’s senior director, he has led master planning and urban design efforts in over 30 cities around the world. The foundations for this illustrious career were laid right school, and Liu also learned painting from here in Chung Cheng. “The education I received here had a an older student, Lim Tze Peng, who became major impact on my life,” he says. Many of his teachers were renowned for his Chinese ink paintings. “I’m university professors who had left China when the Chinese grateful for what I’ve received here, and Communist Party came to power in 1949. “Can you imagine that a place like this that can help younger the depth of understanding they had about Chinese culture? Singaporeans understand Chinese culture still I was so lucky to be taught by them. In class, they were able exists,” says Liu. to really help us read much deeper into the meaning of the At one point in his youth, he even texts we studied.” considered becoming an artist, but was His education in Chung Cheng has taught him the persuaded by his mother to take up a importance of strong language skills and how that could profession that could help lift the family out help foster a deeper understanding of different cultures. of poverty. Singapore’s urban landscape in These tenets have served him well, especially during his years its nascent years of independence thus came abroad while studying architecture in Australia’s University of to be shaped by a technocrat whose world New South Wales, then city planning at Yale University, and view was steeped in the arts and humanities. also throughout his career. “Good language skills and cultural “People sometimes ask me why I did not understanding help to build trust, and in business, mutual follow my father’s career as a painter. I always trust is very important.” say that I’m a painter. It’s just that my father’s His lifelong love for the arts is also closely tied to his canvas was a few square metres, while my years in Chung Cheng. In Liu’s day, there were small huts, canvas is a few thousand square kilometres,” which the students nicknamed Mongolian yurts, around the Liu muses. “When you do city planning, lake. “After class, some of us would play sports around the you need to worry about functionality and lake, others would go into the yurts to paint,” he reminisces. liveability; but you also need to treat the city His father, pioneer Nanyang artist Liu Kang, taught at the like a piece of art. It requires a humanist’s heart, a scientist’s head, and an artist’s eye.” When he was planning new towns, he took into account studies that showed people “Nature is the soul would not feel strong emotional ties to neighbourhoods that were too big. Through corridors with six to eight units was introduced to each Cities Summit Mayors Forum in May, Liu of the city. Heritage continuous research and inquiry, that led to floor in a housing block because studies showed that was the made the news when he said he wished he residential areas known as precincts, which optimal number for fostering stronger neighbourly ties. had protected a small part of Singapore’s buildings are the were 2 to 4ha and housed up to a thousand “I also wanted every town centre to be a civic centre, in squatter areas. “I’ve been regretting that for memories of the city. residents. “That was the right size for people addition to being a commercial centre,” he says. That meant a long time,” he says when we ask him what to feel that they belonged to a community. designing communal spaces such as plazas and making room prompted the thought. “When I first became For people to feel In other words, we did not design the for coffee shops. “Look at the cafes in Paris. They have been chief planner, with help from my colleagues, space purely to accommodate things, we there for hundreds of years because they are a way of life, a we presented a comprehensive proposal to the this is a special designed them as places to create community civic activity. I decided coffee shops were our way of life. We Ministry of National Development on what relations.” Each precinct had congregation need a certain number of shopping malls, but these should not buildings we must preserve and what the place, we need both” spaces where residents could get to know replace the coffee shops, eating houses and hawker centres.” proper process of conservation should be. But one another—playgrounds, sports fields, void Conservation is also an important part of his legacy, and I guess I was too preoccupied with that, and I decks. In the 1980s, the idea of segmented an issue he still feels strongly about. Speaking at the World overlooked the need to preserve other things. In 1960, three out of four people in a population of 1.65 million lived in squatter areas. If we had preserved 1 or 2ha, it could have shown young Singaporeans today, this is where we came Love Notes: Beautiful Beaches, Museums to Muse in from. Then we’ll appreciate what we’ve achieved even more, and love this place even more.” He did manage to preserve one important corner of the island, “which almost nobody and Parks for Recreation recognises”, he says with a laugh. Along Changi Creek, 2km of Singapore’s original shoreline still exists, a rare sight for this much-reclaimed island. “I asked myself, how do I help Singaporeans of the future see the original beach of Singapore. It’s very beautiful; I’m dead scared it will be reclaimed.” He has spoken before about the need to plan for a future population of 10 million, but is also emphatic about the simultaneous need to retain all conservation areas and important water bodies, hills and forests. “Nature is the soul of the city. Heritage buildings are the memories of the city. For people to feel this is a special place, we need both.” Ask him about the ongoing project to Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park, and look at the make Singapore a loveable city, and he points HDB flats there. The skyline and colours are to two important, but rarely mentioned very picturesque,” he points out. Can we concepts in urban design today—romantic afford to be romantic even as the pressure and picturesque. Romance can be something to maximise land use builds? “Of course we as simple as making sure there is easy visual can. It’s a matter of putting your heart into and physical access to Singapore’s seashores designing it.” (“this is an island, and people like the sea”). A week after our interview, he speaks at Yah-leng Yu Arthur Chin Nathan Yong Valerie Ang and “And you can create picturesque cities the 2017 Urban Land Institute Asia Pacific co-founder and co-founder and industrial Tai Lee Siang even with modern architecture. Stand in Summit in his capacity as the founding creative director business strategist designer co-founders chairman of the Centre for Liveable Cities’ Foreign Design Policy Group Foreign Design Policy Group Nathan Yong Design Cities of Love Award to recognise advisory board. He takes the audience sustainability initiatives MAN WITH through the story of Singapore’s public A VISION housing programme and the factors behind My most loveable spots My most loveable spots My most loveable spot is Our most loveable spot in Chung Cheng’s its success. It is a familiar story, but this are Palawan Beach and Tanjong are the National Museum and East Coast Park. You can find Singapore is the Singapore scenic grounds telling has a touch of poetry. At the end Beach in Sentosa. I enjoy the the National Gallery. On a pets, children, teenagers, lovers, Botanic Gardens, specifically the also helped instil of his presentation, Liu flashes a slide of a fact that I can be away from typical week day, these two parents and senior citizens entrance waterfall plaza leading a love for nature the hustle and bustle of the museums provide this surreal there enjoying the beach and to the open lawn where outdoor in Liu painting by his father—National Day 1967, which depicts the current National Gallery mainland while I’m there. Just sense of calm and serenity for the greenery with friends and concerts are held. The waterfall Singapore back when it was still the Supreme chilling and sipping a cold me. They allow my mind to loved ones. No matter what feature is well designed, and Court and City Hall buildings. Colourful beverage while staring out at the expand and wander. decade you’re talking about, the mix of heritage trees and pennants emblazoned with the five stars and palm trees, sand and sea gives everyone has good memories of architecture with new additions crescent moon fly behind towering trees and a me that recentering effect. Design can create loveability the place, and it hasn’t changed bring an air of nostalgia as well multiracial crowd; it brims with optimism for because design, as a process, much considering Singapore as freshness. an unfolding future. Design can create allows an extension of one’s changes its landscape every Liu doesn’t say much about the painting, loveability because good mind, and enables one to five years. I’ve been there as a Design can create loveability but I think back to our conversation. Creating design can help elevate our express, create and imagine. teenager and as an adult, and because we believe a loveable a loveable city doesn’t mean sacrificing experiences and better our Everything is only possible I’m sure I will practice tai chi place should possess these liveability, he had stressed. “We need both. lives in many ways, from because someone imagined it there when I’m older. So I qualities: safe to move freely, You have to make the place workable as well. a well‑designed transport and put it through some level think it’s a loveable place in free from traffic, full of greenery, Don’t just chase after the latest thing and system, a thoughtfully designed of design and problem-solving. our collective consciousness presence of water, presence of forget about everything else.” In other words: disposal system, intuitive self Sometimes such outcomes can as Singaporeans. heritage, beautiful to behold and remember where we started, and all the steps check‑out mechanisms in delight us in unimaginable ways. well-managed and maintained. it took to get here. Remember that love has stores, right down to minute Promoting design and creativity Design can create loveability Singapore fulfils most of these always been a part of this story. things such as well-designed will add colour to our lives here because design can be criteria. In particular, the efforts apparel that travels well and in Singapore and in every corner democratic and user-centric, to conserve our monuments and that can acclimatise to hot of our world. It adds excitement. so that it touches people from historical heritage not only help weather conditions without It adds joy. It adds wonder. all walks of life. It’s not so much us remember our past but also making the wearer look wet what design can do, but rather result in a city with identity. If LOVEABLE SPACE #1: Chung Cheng High School (Main) and sweaty. With good design, what businesses can do to there’s an area for improvement, Founded in 1939, this is one of the oldest schools in Singapore, our lives will become more engage design in achieving that. it would be to decrease the and the Administration Building (Zhulin Building) and entrance arch in the Goodman Road campus were designed by Ho Beng pleasant and more efficient, amount of traffic throughout our Heng, a Chung Cheng alumnus, and gazetted as Singapore’s 66th and the frustration of dealing city and significantly increase National Monument in 2014. The grounds are also home to galleries with a badly designed system pedestrian-friendly spaces. A that showcase the works of Cultural Medallion recipient Lim Tze Peng can be eliminated. slower-paced environment helps (also an alumnus) and artworks by students and alumni. to create a sense of romanticism and loveability. PHOTO G R A PHY: D RR E N GA BR IE L OW, SS I ST BY CHON ; F SH ON CT ON: S M OND IM , JO Y T N; g roo mi n g: EG O/ ND IG O RT NS, US I N G L AM OUR S A LON SYST EM ND P RFU M CHR ST IA D OR; outf i t : boss ; image ( y a h - l e n g yu nd rthur ch ): Re b cc T oh Office inthe Public Service Division, where 2013. Before that,she hadbeenwiththePS21 with global design consultancy firmIDEO in influenced by her year-long work attachment community partners. trains developed inconjunctionwith are now specially designed event‑focused continue.” Becauseofthisexperiment,there That gave usthecourage andconfidence to the datafrom oursurveys was soimportant. experiment,” Agnesexplains.“That’s why from people whodidnotexperiencethe be very critical.Butthese might come different, thesocialmediareaction will civil servant isthatwhenyou trysomething made themsmile. “Theworst fear ofany 80 percentofthemsaidtheexperiencehad rode inthiscabinwere thensurveyed, and behaviour. The400‑odd commuters who were usedto encourage courteous commuter days. Designelements suchasartificialturf train cabinthatwas putinto servicefor two with SMRT to launchasingle football-themed make people happierthrough design?” The questionshesought to answer: “Canwe could build shared experiences asacountry. public transport aspacewhere commuters hergoal2016, was nothingless thanto make Land Transport Authority (LTA) from 2014 to Transformation &Futures Division atthe this upto chance.” environment isdesigned. We shouldn’t leave can nudge thesethingsthrough theway the as agracious society,” shebelieves. “And we a barometer ofhow farwe have progressed this spaceisareflection ofourshared values, and theworst inpeople. How we behave in a shared space,anditcanbringoutthebest with fellow commuters. “Public transport is instructive experienceofrubbing shoulders public transport, andimmerse theminthe kids abouttheenvironmental benefitsof choice was alsoausefulway to teach her of carownership inSingapore aside, this transport,” Agnesshares. Thehigh cost young, we went everywhere by public owned acarinSingapore. civil servant andmotheroftwo hasnever spaces fullofpotential. In fact,thiscareer people from allwalks oflife are fascinating Agnes Kwek, trains andbusesfilled with commutes for many people, butfor stressful associationswithrush hour The idea ofpublictransport may trigger PERCOLATING PRESENTLY Agnes’ approach inthiscasewas very much For atrialproject in2014, herteam worked As theheadofCorporate “Even whenmy children were very founded byKoon LimandCatrineThé Singapore-based fashionlabelKoonhor, and wewerehappytointroduceher homegrown designerforthisshoot requested forAgnes Kwektoweara DesignSingapore Councilspecifically flying theflaThe teamat

PHOTOGRAPHY: DARREN GABRIEL LEOW, ASSISTED BY ERIC TAN; FASHION DIRECTION: DESMOND LIM, ASSISTED BY JOEY TAN; HAIR: GREGO/INDIGO ARTISANS, USING GLAMOUR SALON SYSTEM; MAKE-UP: CHERYL Ow W/INDIGO ARTISANS, USING PARFUMS CHRISTIAN DIOR; outfit: Koonhor better living environment for better livingenvironmentfor Design canalsocreatea innovation-led economy. an investment-drivento in movingSingaporefrom design willplayacriticalrole with technologicalcapabilities, the marketplace. Together help thesecompanieswinin build customerloyaltyand experiences, andindoingso, services andcustomer to creategreatproducts, tool forSingaporecompanies “Design canbeastrategic Design MasterplanDesign Committee Development Board and Singapore Economic chairman Beh Swan Gin with Design Singapore Shaping and students intheuse educational institutions industry associations, businesses, designers, Council, whichsupports of theDesignSingapore the executive director with policy.” can definitely do that and Ifirmly believe you get userfeedback, anditerate along theway. You cando thatwithproducts, before you putitoutinto theworld. Keep puttingoutdifferent versions, design process ofprototyping—you don’t have to make somethingperfect input makes usstronger,” shebelieves. “That’s somethinginherent inthe engagement. “We don’t have amonopoly of wisdom, andadiversity of in herapproach to work now istheemphasissheplacesonstakeholder different worlds isalways asubjectoffascination.” Onekey difference my operations?” says Agnes.“For me,tryingto integrate thesetwo very want theconsumerto have? Thenitasks,how do Ideliver thatthrough that goal. In contrast, “design startsby asking:what’s theexperienceI quantifiable targets, then formulate operational processes to achieve their respective startingpoints.In government, it’s typicalto beginwith difference between theworld ofpublicpolicy andtheworld ofdesign is to let herdo awork attachmentwithIDEO instead. was awarded apost-graduate scholarshipin2012,shepersuaded herbosses bring design methodologies to policymaking andservicedelivery. she When she setupthefirst design thinking labintheSingapore government, to In shebecame 2016, “That experiencechanged everything,” shesays. For her, the key that weareproudtocallhome.” liveable citybutaloveable helping Singaporenotonlybea talks abouthowdesignis reason theDesignMasterplan our nationalidentity. That’sthe ownership, andcontributesto sense ofbelongingand environment fostersastronger development. Abetterliving or thePinnacle@DuxtonHDB beautiful skylineinMarinaBay Waterway. Thinkofour Ang MoKioParkorPunggol all ofus.ThinktheBishan- labs fordesigners,thecentrealsohostsexhibitionsthatspotlightSingaporedesign. to addvisualinterest.Besideshousingretailspaces,designstudiosandprototyping cantilevered overlappingmetalscreened“boxes”withinthecentralcoveredatrium 2011, SingaporefirmSCDAArchitects(foundedbyChanSooKhian)insertedfour blocks andapost-warmodernblock,whicharegazettedforconservation.In of FineArtsandtheChineseOperaInstitute.Itcomprisesthreepre-warartdeco 19th century, andoncehousedStAnthony’sConvent,theNanyangAcademy The MiddleRoadpremisesoftheNationalDesignCentredatebackto LOVEABLE SPACE#2:NationalDesigCetre the Xfactor for Singapore going forward.” answers through obliquemethods.Designis needs thatwe cannotarticulate, andfind connection withthehuman spirit.It canmeet about findingthatemotional resonance, that fundamental purpose,shebelieves. “Designis city, becausecreating loveability isdesign’s the long years ago.” Thatcanonly bode well for That’s areal difference compared to five provide platforms for ourlocal designers. also more businessintermediaries willingto Fair are pullinginthecrowds. “There are Singapasar andtheDesign, Make &Craft a hundred partners,and events suchas Singapore DesignWeek now hasover an encouraging sign—thefour-year-old growing vibrancy ofthedesign sceneas was released? Agnespointsto the 2025in theyear report sincetheDesign sector organisations. design expertswithpublicandprivate and thegovernment, andhelpsto match expanding therole ofdesign inbusinesses 2025recommendation with theDesign of programme was developed inalignment lives. For example, itsInnovation by Design of design for economicgrowth andbetter Has Singapore becomemore loveable ‑term affairofshapingaloveable st m o r dive a o monopoly h “ W nd a nd a input f input f wisdom, a r e don’t e don’t ve a ve kes us r onge sity sity ” Love Notes: Understand FUTURE AMBITIONS Cultures, Transcend Traditions Homegrown firm DP Architects celebrated its 50th anniversary in May with a glamorous gala, held at the Suntec Singapore Convention & Exhibition Centre, and welcomed over 1,600 guests. The after-party, however, was a more intimate affair. In Marina Square, just a few storeys away from its Singapore headquarters, staff gathered at Redpan, a restaurant the firm had launched in 2016, in collaboration with partner Grub. “There was a massive karaoke session, and we cleared some of the tables so people could dance,” recalls director Jeremy Tan fondly. Creating a space where DP staff in Singapore could bond was one of the key motivating factors behind opening Redpan, “Through Jason Pomeroy Wee Teng Wen he reveals. Besides offering a Mod-Sin menu eco-architect co-founder for weekday lunches (think hae bee hiam or our work, Pomeroy Studio The Lo & Behold Group spicy dried shrimp pasta, and grilled kingfish we express served with chinchalok or fermented shrimp My most loveable spot is the My most loveable spot is paste), this bistro has also become their our history and open space in between The Sail Lo & Behold’s first fine dining informal brainstorming space and after‑work at Marina Bay and Marina Bay concept, Odette. We carefully hangout. “This place is loveable to us because identity not just Financial Centre. I have seen considered all aspects of it’s where we can connect with one another,” the space evolve into a social the space to bring out the says Jeremy. to ourselves place where people from all story of the people behind it. The friendly curves of this dining space are but to others, walks of life—tourists, locals, The restaurant is a tribute to just one example of DP’s work in this part of expats—come together as a Odette, chef Julien Royer’s Singapore. The firm developed Marina Centre and make the community to make it their own. grandmother. Designed by (which includes Marina Square, Suntec City Whether it’s people walking Sacha Leong of Universal and Millenia Walk), and its design stamp can flair for fusion Singapore story their dogs, children playing, Design Studio, the space is also be found on the Esplanade – Theatres By The modern Singapore cuisine or fitness junkies working out the antithesis of traditional fine The Bay, Singapore Flyer and The Fullerton at Redpan echoes the hybrid pertinent for a in organised classes, there’s dining—one that is feminine, Bay Hotel Singapore. As DP continues to sensibilities of contemporary new generation” always something to watch or modern, warm, inviting expand its international presence—in the Singapore design, DP Architects’ participate in. This is a good and embodies the hospitality Jeremy Tan believes last three years, offices in London, Istanbul, example of how a neutral space values that Odette instilled in Ho Chi Minh City, Yangon, Hanoi and can and should be utilised. Julien’s family. Julien’s fanatical Bangkok were added to its global network, approach to produce is also which now spans 17 cities—it seems like a good moment to pose some ambitious Design can create loveability woven into the space through a questions. Could we one day see a distinct Singapore design aesthetic that’s as to understand the geography, the historical because design that’s body of work by artist Dawn Ng. identifiable as, say, Japanese or Scandinavian design? And could this aesthetic become context, and the cultural sensitivities and environmentally and culturally prominent in global skylines? learn how to showcase local traditions.” sensitive can help people feel Design can create loveability “We will get there one day,” Jeremy replies. “My personal Another key feature of the Singapore connected to their environment. because design transcends interpretation of Singapore design is that it has this ability to certain developments abroad, even when design brand that’s very attractive for foreign Over-designing and over- all languages and cultures. intertwine stories of East and West, innovation and tradition, these are not DP projects, I can see something clients is reliability. “They know it’s a brand engineering causes sterility of When we create concepts with a certain delight and charm. That’s the trademark, and Singaporean when I look at things such as they can trust, because Singapore designers our environments, which may that embody strong design that’s because we grew up in this environment with so many the colour scheme. It’s perceivable, and it’s are pragmatic and efficient, and we propose look good on the surface but perspectives, they can different languages and cultures. Sometimes when I go into gradually developing as Singapore comes innovation that is doable and durable.” poses a threat to its usage breathe life into otherwise of age.” Because Singaporeans are used to a Combine this reputation for getting the job and adoption by society. My overlooked sites, and create multicultural environment, Singapore design done with that multicultural flair, and that own studio goes beyond the unique experiences that LOVEABLE SPACE #3: REDPAN may also be more attuned to local nuances could well make for a winning strategy in the usual notions of sustainability attract a broader, Opened in 2016, Redpan is a collaboration between when it ventures abroad. That’s particularly years ahead for firms looking to make their to also draw on the essence of international audience. DP Architects and Grub, and its DP-designed interiors important in architecture, Jeremy says, mark on a global scale. “We have a beautiful culture and tradition to create recently won the South Asia and the Pacific 2017 Prix Versailles because “architecture is still a patronage art, tapestry to play with in Singapore,” says environments that positively Award under the Restaurants category at the World Awards. The curved plywood planes are inspired by architecture models. and our patrons are not just the developers, Jeremy. “Through our work, we express our impact people’s lives. but also the users. We bring the Singapore history and identity not just to ourselves brand vision, but we are not just designers, we but to others, and make the Singapore story

are also psychologists and historians, we need PHOTO G R A PHY: D RR E N GA BR IE L OW, SS I ST BY C T N; F A SH I ON D R E CT ON: S M OND L IM , SS ST BY JO Y T N; g roo mi n g: G R EG O/ I ND IG O A RT S NS, US N L AM OUR LON SYST EM A ND P A RFU M S CHR I ST IA N D OR; outf i t : B oss ; Wa tch : G i r a rd -Pe rr ega u x 1966 WW.TC; sho e s ( j em y ’ own ) pertinent for a new generation.”