StatusStatus ofof BTeVBTeV experimentexperiment atat thethe FermilabFermilab TevatronTevatron Stefano Bianco Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell’INFN For the BTeV Collaboration
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 1 OutlineOutline
1.Physics 2.Detector 3.Status and Schedule
Due to limited time I shall only provide overview of the main features. Lots more details in recent talks by Sheldon Stone (DOE CD-1 Review April 2004), Joel Butler (Fermilab PAC June 2004), Penny Kasper (BEACH04, Chicago), Harry Cheung (WIN 2003), Rob Kutschke (Aspen Winter 2004).
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 2 BTeVBTeV CollaborationCollaboration University of Minnesota Syracuse University- J. Hietala, Y. Kubota, B. M. Artuso, C. Boulahouache, Univ. of Illinois- M. Haney, D. Lang, R. Poling, A. Smith Belarussian State- D .Drobychev, Kim, M. Selen, V. Simatis, J. Wiss Nanjing Univ. (China)- S. Blusk, J. Butt, O. A. Lobko, A. Lopatrik, R. Zouversky Univ. of Insubria in Como- T. Y. Chen, D. Gao, S. Du, Dorjkhaidav, J. Haynes, N. UC Davis - P. Yager P. Ratcliffe, M. Rovere M. Qi, B. P. Zhang, Z. Xi Menaa, R. Mountain, Univ. of Colorado at Boulder INFN - Frascati-M.Bertani,L. Xang, J. W. Zhao H. Muramatsu, R. J. Cumalat, P. Rankin, K. Stenson Benussi, S. Bianco, M. Caponero, New Mexico State - Nandakumar, L. Redjimi, R. Fermi National Lab D. Collona, F. Fabri, F. Di Falco, V. Papavassiliou Sia, F. Felli, M. Giardoni, A. La J. Appel, E. Barsotti, C. Brown, Northwestern Univ. - T. Skwarnicki, S. Stone, J. C. Monaca, E. Pace, M. Pallota, A. J. Rosen J. Butler, H. Cheung, D. Christian, Wang, K. Zhang Paolozzi , S. Tomassini Ohio State University- S. Cihangir, M. Fischler, INFN - Milano – G. Alimonti, K. Honscheid, & H. Kagan Univ. of Tennessee I. Gaines, P. Garbincius, L. Garren, P’Dangelo, M. Dinardo, L. Edera, Univ. of Pennsylvania T. Handler, R. Mitchell E. Gottschalk, A. Hahn, G. Jackson, S. Erba, D. Lunesu, S. Magni, D. W. Selove Vanderbilt University Menasce, L. Moroni, D. Pedrini, P. Kasper, P. Kasper, R. Kutschke, Univ. of Puerto Rico W. Johns, P. Sheldon, S. Sala , L. Uplegger A. Lopez, H. Mendez, J. S. W. Kwan, P. Lebrun, P. McBride, E. Vaandering, & M. Webster INFN - Pavia - G. Boca, G. Ramierez, W. Xiong J. Slaughter, M. Votava, M. Wang, Cossali, G. Liguori, F. Manfredi, Univ. of Science & Tech. University of Virginia M. J. Yarba M. Maghisoni, L. Ratti, V. Re, M. of China - G. Datao, L. Hao, Arenton, S. Conetti, B. Cox, Univ. of Florida at Gainesville Santini, V. Speviali, P. Torre, G. Ge Jin, L. Tiankuan, T. A. Ledovskoy, H. Powell, M. P. Avery Traversi Yang, & X. Q. Yu Ronquest, D. Smith, B. University of Houston – IHEP Protvino, Russia - A. Shandong Univ. (China)- Stephens, Z. Zhe Derevschikov, Y. Goncharenko, A. Daniel, K. Lau, M. Ispiryan, C. F. Feng, Yu Fu, Mao He, Wayne State University V. Khodyrev, V. Kravtsov, A. J. Y. Li, L. Xue, N. Zhang, & G. Bonvicini, D. Cinabro, B. W. Mayes, V. Rodriguez, Meschanin, V. Mochalov, X. Y. Zhang S. Subramania, G. Xu D. Morozov, L. Nogach, P. Southern Methodist – A. Schreiner Illinois Institute of Technology Semenov K. Shestermanov, T. Coan, M. Hosack University of Wisconsin R. Burnstein, D. Kaplan, L. Soloviev, A. Uzunian, A. M. Sheaff Vasiliev University of Iowa L. Lederman, H. Rubin, C. White York University - S. Menary C. Newsom, & R. Braunger
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 3 WhatWhat isis BTeV?BTeV?
Tevatron p-p collider experiment, at Fermilab: ¾ Forward spectrometer @ C0 interaction region ¾ Beauty and charm physics: • Precision measurements of SM parameters • Exhaustive search for new physics. BTeV is a part of broad program to address fundamental questions in flavor physics. Details at: http://www-btev.fnal.gov.
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 4 ProjectProject ScopeScope
BTeV Detector C0 Hall BTeV Outfitting Detector BTeV Project
C0 Interaction Region
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 5 AA BriefBrief HistoryHistory ofof BTeVBTeV June 2000: Stage I approval from lab. Concerns raise about budget. May 2002: Stage I approval for descoped (2 armsÆ 1 arm) detector. October 2003: “P5 supports the construction of BTeV as an important project in the world-wide quark flavor physics area.” Office of Science – “Facilities for the Future of Science, a 20 year Outlook” – BTeV given priority 1 among HEP med-term projects 2004: DOE – approval process ¾ Completed reviews for first 2 stages with positive recommendations ¾ Final schedule and budget profile in the fall. ¾ DOE requires very conservative schedule – BTeV is still competitive in decay modes with all charged tracks and dominant in modes with neutrals. (PAC June 2004, P5 July 2004) June 2004: Italy’s INFN approves participation to BTeV(~5M Euro for M&S) Get CD-2/3 (~Jan 2005) and Start Construction (in President’s FY05 budget) Start data taking 2009
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 6 PhysicsPhysics GoalsGoals
CP violation in SM is unique, predictive and testable Almost any extension of SM has new sources of CPV Measure
¾ CP violation in B(uds) , Bs mixing, rare b decay rates; ¾ CP violation and rare decays in the charm sector. § ÆRecent review on charm physics incl.CPV SB,F.L.Fabbri,D.Benson,I.Bigi, Riv.Nuovo Cim. n.7-8 (2003) Precise measurement of SM parameters Make an exhaustive search for physics beyond SM ¾ Look for rare/forbidden decays ¾ Test for inconsistencies in the Standard Model: If found, go beyond 26 the SM and elucidate the new physics. If/when new physics is found elsewhere, at the Tevatron or LHC, BTeV can contribute to its interpretation by looking for impact in B physics. BTeV is sensitive to phases of amplitudes.
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 7 Key Measurements of the CKM matrix in B Decays
⎛ V *V ⎞ χ = arg⎜− cs cb ⎟ ⎜ * ⎟ ⎝ VtsVtb ⎠
About 1/2 of the key measurements are in Bs decays. About 1/2 of the key measurements have πo’s or γ’s in the final state! BTeV addresses these issues.
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 8 Why do b and c Physics at Tevatron?
Large samples of b quarks •Get ∼ 4×1011 b hadrons per 107s at L = 2×1032 cm-2s-1 •e+e- ϒ(4S) get 2×108 B hadrons per 107s at 1034 cm-2s-1 Λ Bs, b and other b-flavored hadrons are accessible for study at the Tevatron Charm rates are ∼ 10× larger than b rates
Nominal Tevatron parameters : • CMS energy = 2 TeV • Peak Luminosity L = 2×1032 cm-2s-1 • Integrated luminosity 1.6 fb-1/year • Time/crossing = 396 ns σ σ µ • Interaction region z= 30cm and x,y= 50 m • bb cross section = 100 µb
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 9 CharacteristicsCharacteristics ofof hadronichadronic bb productionproduction pp→bb+X The higher momentum b production peaks at large b’s are at larger η’s angles with large bb correlation
βγ
b p ro du ct io ngle η= θ n ion a -ln(tan ) an oduct 2 gl b pr e
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 10 Requirements:Requirements: GeneralGeneral Intimately tied to Physics Goals In general, within the acceptance of the spectrometer (10 – 300 mr with respect to beam) we need to: ¾ Detect charged tracks & measure their 3-momenta ¾ Measure the point of origin of the charged tracks (vertices) ¾ Detect neutrals & measure their 3-momenta ¾ Reveal the identity of charged tracks (e, µ, π, K, p) ¾ Trigger & acquire the data (DAQ) Detector we designed meets the requirements
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 11 BasicsBasics ReasonsReasons forfor thethe RequirementsRequirements B’s (& D’s) are long lived, ~1.5 ps, so if they are moving with reasonable velocity they go ~3 mm before they decay. This allows us to Trigger on the the presence of a B decay (detached vertex). B’s are produced in pairs pp→bb+X, and for many crucial measurements we must detect one b fully and some parts of the other: “flavor tagging” Physics states of great interest now are varied and contain both charged modes and
neutrals, Bd & Bs
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 12 MoreMore BasicBasic ReasonsReasons Many modes contain γ, πo & η, so need excellent electromagnetic calorimetery
Bs oscillations are fast, so need excellent time resolution ~<50 fs, compared to ~1500 fs lifetime. Also very useful to reduce backgrounds in reconstructed states Physics Backgrounds from π⇔K can be lethal → π− → − ¾ Bs Ds is 15X Bs Ds K + − ¾ Bo→K∗π→Kmπ±πo is 2X Bo→ρπ→π π πo ¾ Bs →KX coincides with Bd →πXif K ⇔ π ¾ Bd → Kπ overlaps Bd →ππ ¾ So excellent charged hadron identification is a must
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 13 TheThe BTeVBTeV detectordetector inin thethe C0C0 collisioncollision hallhall
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 14 TheThe BTeVBTeV DetectorDetector
beam line p
Pixel detector inside magnet, allows first level triggering, on detached vertices, since low pt tracks with large multiple scattering can be eliminated
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 15 Summary of Required Measurements for CKM Tests
Physics Decay Mode Vertex K/π γ det Decay Quantity Trigger sep time σ sin(2α) Bo→ρπ→π+π−πο 9 9 9 o + − + − sin(2α) B →π π & Bs→K K 9 9 9 cos(2α) Bo→ρπ→π+π−πο 9 9 9 sign(sin(2α)) Bo→ρπ & Bo→π+π− 9 9 9 − sin(γ) Bs→Ds K 9 9 9 sin(γ) Bo→Do K− 9 9 sin(γ) B→K π 9 9 9 sin(2χ) Bs→J/ψη′, J/ψη 9 9 9 o sin(2β) B →J/ψKs o cos(2β) B →J/ψK* & Bs→J/ψφ 9 − xs Bs→Dsπ 9 9 9 + − − ∆Γ for Bs Bs→J/ψη′, K K , Dsπ 9 9 9 9
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 16 Fundamentals:Fundamentals: DecayDecay TimeTime ResolutionResolution
Excellent decay time resolution ψ from b direct ψ ¾ Reduces background ¾ Allows detached vertex trigger The average decay distance L/σ L/σ Sigma (cm)
and the uncertainty in the 0.035
B momemtum distribution average decay distance are 0.03 functions of B momentum: 0.025 γβ τ
0.005
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 B Momentum (GeV)
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 17 PixelPixel VertexVertex DetectorDetector
• Low occupancy • Excellent signal/noise 30 stations, • Fast readout 4.25 cm 130cm • Excellent resolution (5-10 µm in 1999 FNAL test beam run) • radiation hard sensors and readout chips (demonstrated in exposures at IUCF) •Used in lowest level trigger
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 18 RingRing ImagingImaging CerenkovCerenkov CounterCounter
• Gas radiator (C4F8O) detected on planes of Multi-Anode PMTs • Liquid radiator (C5F12) detected on array of side mounted PMTs
Gas
C4F8O n=1.00138
Liquid
C5F12 N=1.29
MAPMT array
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 19 RichRich DetectorDetector –– beambeam testtest (II)(II)
First Ring in Freon
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 20 ForwardForward TrackingTracking
7 Stations – Silicon strips and straws
3 views Momentum resolution <1%
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 21 StrawStraw DetectorDetector –– beambeam testtest
TDC Spectrum FWHM = 8.1 ns => 486 µ. RMS = 206 µ. MWPC position resolution =144 µ. Quadrature Subtraction gives Straw Resolution =148 µ.
This meets the needs for BTeV Forward Tracking
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 22 XX viewview station:station: strawsstraws andand microstripsmicrostrips integrationintegration
A special straw module MOX holds microstrips. In MOX, straws are not mechanically tensioned but glued Animate inside a rohacell lattice. X-ray tomography verifies the straws circularity.
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 23 LeadLead TungstateTungstate EMEM CalorimeterCalorimeter
× 2 × •PbWO4 28 28mm 22cm tapered crystals • Excellent energy and spatial resolution • Fast, compact, radiation hard
Beam tests (Protvino): • established energy and position resolution • Studied radiation damage and recovery • Calibration methods. • Crystals from 4 vendors S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 24 EMEM calcal usingusing PbWOPbWO4 CrystalsCrystals
o→ γ BTeV CLEO GEANT simulation of B K* , σ = 1.6% for BTeV & CLEO σ = 0.77% Isolation & shower shape cuts on both
E E Egenerated - Ereconstructed generated - reconstructed E Egenerated generated 1.0 Generated Detected Efficiency * CLEO barrel 0.5 ε=89%
0 80 160 0 80 160 0 80 160 Radius (cm)
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 25 BBoo→→ρπρπ Based 9.9x106 bkgrnd events Bo→ρ+π- S/B = 4.1 Bo→ρoπo S/B = 0.3 bkgrnd signal
πo γ γ
mB (GeV) mB (GeV)
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 26 MuonMuon DetectorDetector
3 stations of steel proportional tubes 2 toroids – independent momentum measurement
ru v Prototype Planks in test beam
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 27 BTeVBTeV TriggerTrigger
• Reconstructs primary vertex and looks for detached decays every crossing • Made possible by vertex detector (3D space points with excellent resolution and low occupancy) • Pipelined and parallel processing with 1 TB of buffer • 3 Stage Trigger L1: FPGAs and DSPs L2/L3: Linux PCs
• Level 1: accepts >50% B events that pass 50 kHz analysis cuts, rejects 98% light quark background. • Level 2: accepts 90% of B events from Level 5 kHz 1, rejects 90% background from Level 1
• Level 3: rejects another factor of 2 in 2.5 – 4 kHz background, does full offline reconstruction 200MB/s on “tape”
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 28 Trigger R&D : Farm pre-prototype
PTSM interface GL1 interface
High speed Data I/O controller (Buffer Manager)
4 DSPs
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 29 SummarySummary ofof CKMCKM PhysicsPhysics ReachReach 22 fbfb-1
Reaction B (B)(x10-6) # of Events S/B Parameter Error or (Value)
Bo→π+π- 4.5 14,600 3 Asymmetry 0.030 → - γ− 2χ o Bs Ds K 300 7500 7 8 o→ ψ ψ → + - β B J/ KS , J/ l l 445 168,000 10 sin(2 ) 0.017 → π- Bs Ds 3000 59,000 3 xs (75)
B-→Do (K+π-) K- 0.17 170 1
o B-→Do (K+K-) K- 1.1 1,000 >10 γ 13
-→ π- o B KS 12.1 4,600 1 <4 +
Bo→K+π- 18.8 62,100 20 γ theory errors
Bo→ρ+π- 28 5,400 4.1
Bo→ρoπo 5 780 0.3 α ~4o → ψ η, Bs J/ 330 2,800 15 ψ → + - → ψ η′ J/ l l χ) Bs J/ 670 9,800 30 sin(2 0.024
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 30 Comparisons to Belle/BaBar
Λ •No Bs, Bc and b at B-factories
• Number of flavor tagged B0→π+π- (BR=0.45×10-5)
-2 -1) σ 0 7 ε ε 2 L(cm s #B /10 s rec D #tagged e+e- 1034 1.1nb 1.1×108 0.45 0.26 56
BTeV 2×1032 100µb 1.5×1011 0.021 0.1 1426
•Number of B-→D0K- (Full product BR=1.7×10-7)
-2 -1) σ 0 7 ε L(cm s #B /10 s rec # e+e- 1034 1.1nb 1.1×108 0.4 5
BTeV 2×1032 100µb 1.5×1011 0.007 176
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 31 NewNew PhysicsPhysics (1)(1) Decays that occur in the SM only through loops are particularly sensitive to “new physics” → + - The leptonic decay b sl l is sensitive to the actual form of the new interactions as one can measure - M(l+l ) and Dalitz plot as well as total rate
Reaction B(10-6) Yield/year S/B B→ µ+µ− 1.5 2530 11 K* B→ µ+µ− 0.4 1470 3.2 K
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 32 New Physics (2) SSM Measurements from Hinchcliff & Kersting (hep-ph/0003090) → /ψη Contributions to Bs mixing Bs J
~- b s b W c J s c} ψ - ~~ b t,c,u W t,c,u t x t - s s s W b x b s η ~+ ~+ s} W H 2 ≈ φ φ ∆ CP asymmetry 0.1sin µcos Αsin( mst), ~10 x SM Contributions to direct CP violating decay ~ W- χ-
b u, c, t b u,~ ~c, ~t -→φ - s φ s φ B K g s} g s} u s - u s - u}K u}K 2 φ Asym=(MW/msquark) sin( µ), ~0 in SM
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 33 SummarySummary ofof NewNew PhysicsPhysics Using b and c decays mediated by loop diagrams BTeV is sensitive to mass scales of up to few TeV. The New Physics effects in these loops may be the only way to distinguish among models.
BTeV (107s) B-Factory (500 fb-1) Mode Yield Tagged S/B Yield Tagged S/B
→ Ψη(′) Bs J/ 12650 1645 >15 - - -
B- →φK- 11000 n/a >10 1000 n/a 4
0 →φ B Ks 2000 200 5.2 350 90 4
B0 →K*µ+µ- 2530 n/a 11 ~50 ~50 3
→µ+µ- Bs 6 0.7 >15 - - -
B0 →µ+µ- 1 0.1 >10 0 - -
D*+→D0π+,D0→Kπ+ ~108 ~108 large 8×105 8×105 large
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 34 Comparison to LHCb
LHCb advantages: σ ×σ • bb(LHCb) = 5 bb(BTeV) σ ×σ tot(LHCb) = 1.6 tot(BTeV)
• 〈Interactions/Crossing〉 ∼ 3× lower than BTeV
BTeV advantages: •Detached vertex trigger at lowest level •Higher rate DAQ •Better resolution EMCAL LHCb BTeV √s 14 TeV 2 TeV σ µ µ BTeV and LHCb have comparable bb 500 b 100 b σ inelelastic 80 mb 50 mb sensitivites in charged modes, BTeV L (cm–2s-1) 2 × 1032 2 × 1032 γ π0 7 12 × 11 is superior in modes with ’s and ’s Nbb/10 s 10 2 10 t bunch spacing 25 ns (132) 396 ns ω bunch crossing 40 MHz (7.6) 2.5 MHz For a great comparison review see: σ 5 cm 30 cm z Marta Calvi, DA
Tevatron has recently made significant improvements in luminosity and overall performance. BTeV will make critical contributions to our knowledge of CP violation as attention turns from initial observations to the work of finding out if the Standard Model explanation is correct and complete. B-quark physics is an essential ingredient to the understanding of NP which will be possibly discovered by ATLAS and CMS Bs, Bc, b-baryons are uniquely studied at hadron machines BTeV and LHC-b are equivalent for charged modes, BTeV is superior for neutrals Positive recommendations from DOE reviews. Still a long ordeal but can start construction at beginning of 2005. Start running in 2009.
S.B. - Status of BTeV@Tevatron - Physics at LHC, June 15th 2004, Vienna 36