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A Global Challenge and Keys to a Solution Summer Session

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A Global Challenge and Keys to a Solution Summer Session ENSO: A Global Challenge and Keys to a Solution Summer Session Program 2000 • ISU • i ENSO: A Global Challenge and Keys to a Solution Universidad Técnica Federico Santa Maria, Host of the 2000 Summer Session Program From July 1 to September 2, Valparaiso, Chile The RADARSAT-1 Image of the South Atlantic Ocean was provided by the Canadian Space Agency (© CSA 1998) and processed by the Canada Center for Remote Sensing, under the GlobeSAR-2 program. AVHRR Imagery provided by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (© NOAA 1998). Image interpretation provided by CAERCEM, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Report published by: Fermín Pastén Pastén, Universidad Santa Maria, Valparaiso, Chile Additional copies of the Final Report or the Executive Summary for this project may be ordered from the International Space University (ISU) Headquarters. The Executive Summary also can be found on the ISU website. International Space University Strasbourg Central Campus Attention: Publications Parc d’Innovation Boulevard Gonthier d’Andernach 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden FRANCE Tel: +33 (0)3 88 65 54 30 Fax: +33 (0)3 88 65 54 47 http://www.isunet.edu/ © Copyright 2000 by the International Space University All Rights Reserved ii • ISU • Summer Session Program 2000 ENSO: A Global Challenge and Keys to a Solution Summer Session Program 2000 • ISU • iii ENSO: A Global Challenge and Keys to a Solution AUTHORS STUDENTS Andrea ACCOMAZZO Italy Aerospace Engineer ESA/ESOC, Germany Frédéric ALLEGRINI Switzerland Physicist and Engineer University of Bern Frédéric BOURGAULT Canada SM, Aeronautics and Astronautics Engineer Space Systems Laboratory, MIT, USA Mauro CALENO Italy Software Engineer Rhea System S.A., Belgium Carol CHAHINE Canada Dentist McGill University, Montreal Liara COVERT Canada PhD Candidate, Diplomacy & Strategy CEDS, France Guy DE SPIEGELEER France PhD, Fluid Mechanic Engineer Space Engine Division, SNECMA Sébastien DIDIERJEAN France Aeronautics and Space Engineer Sup Aero Fahreen DOSSA Canada Medicine McMaster University, Ontario Rémi DUQUETTE Canada Mechanical and Aerospace Engineer McGill University & University of Toronto Guillermo FRANCO Spain Civil & Structural Engineer Columbia University, NY, USA Michaël FRANÇOIS Belgium Electrical Engineer Verhaert Design & Development Martin GASCON Canada Aeronautics & Space Engineer Bombardier Aerospace Joseph Lorenzo HALL USA Astrophysics Northern Arizona University Anne HALNA du FRETAY France Public Relations, International Relations ESA/HQ Bernd HARNISCH Germany Physics & Optical Engineer ESA/ESTEC, Netherlands Kay-Uwe HÖRL Germany Air & Space Law McGill University, Montreal, Canada iv • ISU • Summer Session Program 2000 ENSO: A Global Challenge and Keys to a Solution Thor HOGAN USA Space Policy & Law George Washington Univ. Miguel Angel ITURMENDI COPADO Spain ATP Pilot & Flight Instructor Kendall Aircraft, Oklahoma Univ. Dominique LESPIAUCQ France Aeronautic Engineer French Air Force Alberto LOBO-GUERRERO SANZ Colombia Mineral Exploration Geology Lobo-Guerrero Geologia Ltda Armin LÖSCHER Austria Technical Physics Engineer Technical University of Graz Tricia MACK USA Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Operations NASA Johnson Space Center François OBÉ France Aeronautics and Space Engineer Sup Aero Marius OCHISOR Canada Aerospace Engineer Canadian Space Agency Cristián PUEBLA-MENNE Chile Aerospace Engineer Chilean Air Force Yolanda QUELHAS France/Portugal Master in International Law and MBA French Research Ministry, Space Dep’t. Fabienne RAMIANDRASOA France Mechanical Engineer EADS Launch Vehicles Nohemy RIVERA Honduras Architect Astronomical Association of Honduras Shannon ROSS Canada Environmental Scientist Canada Centre for Remote Sensing Claudia SARROCCO Italy LL.M. Air & Space Law McGill University, Montreal, Canada Stefan SCHULZ Germany Space Engineer Technical University of Berlin Koby SHOSHAN Israel Physics, Math. and Telecom Engineer Tel Aviv Univ., Israel Air Force (IAF) Laura SIE Canada Aerospace Engineer Carleton University Claudio SILVA Chile Fisheries Engineer Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Regina SPELLMAN USA Mechanical Engineer NASA Langley Research Center Juan Luis VALERO Spain Researcher Western European Union Hanyo VERA ANDERS Chile Aeronautic Engineer UTFSM Summer Session Program 2000 • ISU • v ENSO: A Global Challenge and Keys to a Solution DESIGN PROJECT CO-CHAIRS Vern SINGHROY Canada Canada Center for Remote Sensing, Canada International Space University, France Ray WILLIAMSON USA Space Policy Institute, George Washington University VICE CHAIR Hernán VILLAGRAN Chile Universidad Técnica Federico Santa Maria FACULTY James BURKE USA NASA/Caltech Jet Propulsion Laboratory Eric SLACHMUYLDERS Belgium European Space Agency TEACHING ASSISTANT Noémi NAGY Hungary University of Toronto, Canada LECTURERS Julio BACMEISTER USA Universities Space Research Association Maria Angela BARBIERI Chile Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Instituto de Fomento Pesquero Marcelo SOUZA Brazil National Institute for Space Research Maria del Pilar CORNEJO Ecuador Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral Angel Gustavo CORNEJO Peru National Agrarian University La Molina Jerome E. DOBSON USA Oak Ridge National Laboratory Ulises FAUNDEZ Chile Universidad de Chile Florian E. GUERTIN Canada Canada Center for Remote Sensing Maria Consuelo LEON Chile Universidad de Playa Ancha Ciencias y Educación WOPPKE Yves MENARD France CNES Joaquin URZUA Chile Centro de Estudios Aeronáuticos y del Espacio vi • ISU • Summer Session Program 2000 ENSO: A Global Challenge and Keys to a Solution ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors wish to express their indebted appreciation and recognition to the numerous individuals and organizations who helped make their project successful. Li-Te CHENG Canada Memorial University of Newfoundland Münevver KÖKÜER Turkey Queen’s University of Belfast, N. Ireland Morla MILNE Canada Carleton University Patricio ACEITUNO Chile Universidad de Chile Carmen ARTIGAS Chile Economic Commission for Latin America & the Caribbean Juan ANDUEZA CALDERÓN Chile Servicio Hidrográfico y Oceanográfico de la Armada de Chile Jocelyn BELL BURNELL United Kingdom The Open University Alejandro CABEZAS Chile Servicio Hidrográfico y Oceanográfico de la Armada de Chile Vincenzo DE CHIARA Italy MARS Center Frank DE BRUIN The Netherlands ESA/ESTEC Sue DIGBY USA NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Lisa J. FARROW USA NOAA Office Clemencia FORERO Colombia Ministry of Foreign Relations Caitlin GRIFFITH USA Northern Arizona University Ben HOLT USA NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Clara LOVETT USA Northern Arizona University Barry LUTZ USA Northern Arizona University Bernadette MARRIOTT USA Northern Arizona University Jenny MATURANA CABEZAS Chile Servicio Hidrográfico y Oceanográfico de la Armada de Chile José Daniel PABÓN CAICEDO Colombia IDEAM David PECOVER Belgium Rhea System S.A. Marcel POULIQUEN France SNECMA Malcom V. PHELPS USA NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC Juan QUINTANA Chile Servicio Meteorológico de Chile Suzanne SHIPLEY USA Northern Arizona University Luciano SAN MARTIN Chile University Playa Ancha Gaston SEPULVEDA BIDEGAIN Chile Jefe Unidad de Emergencias Agrícolas, Subsecretaría de Agricultura Chile Klaus von STORCH KRÜGER Chile Fuerza Aérea de Chile Gaston TORRES Chile Servicio Meteorológico de Chile Maximo VENEGAS Chile Centro de Estudios Aeronáuticos y del Espacio Eleuterio YÁÑEZ R. Chile Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Summer Session Program 2000 • ISU • vii ENSO: A Global Challenge and Keys to a Solution FACULTY PREFACE The two objectives of ISU design projects are first, to have students practice intercultural teamwork, under deadline pressure, on topics of current worldwide importance and second, to have them present their results in reports that can be influential beyond ISU and useful to the students in their later careers. In this ENSO design project at the session in 2000 hosted by UTFSM in Chile, a team of 38 young professionals from 14 countries examined the El Niño and Southern Oscillation oceanic and atmospheric phenomenon and its effects on Chile, Ecuador, Peru and Colombia, with emphasis on the role of space systems in understanding El Niño and dealing with its consequences. During their difficult effort to address unfamiliar problems, develop a working organization, find worldwide sources of information and produce a coherent set of findings and recommendations, team members developed exactly the interpersonal relationships that it is the purpose of ISU to stimulate. We, their teaching assistant and faculty members are pleased and privileged to have been associated with these dedicated, energetic and talented young people, and we commend their results to the reader. We believe that their main recommendations are practical and can be effected at reasonable cost by both the producers and the users of information relating to ENSO. We hope that these measures will be promptly implemented to the benefit of all the peoples in the regions most affected by El Niño. Vern SINGHROY Ray WILLIAMSON Second Half Co-chair First Half Co-Chair Eric SLACHMUYLDERS Hernán VILLAGRAN Faculty Member Vice Chair James BURKE Noémi NAGY Faculty Member Teaching Assistant viii • ISU • Summer Session Program 2000 ENSO: A Global Challenge and Keys to a Solution STUDENT PREFACE What you are holding in your hands is the product of a design project from the International Space University Summer Session Program held during July and August of 2000 at La Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María in Valparaiso, Chile. Thirty eight space
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