DOCSLIB.ORG

Rivers of Bihars

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Rivers of Bihars Bihar GK for BPSC Bihar Drainage System fertile sediments The low lying old channels have given rise to lakes, etc deposit ⇑ huge amount of load from ⇐ Silting leads to change of courses weathering rocks of Himalayas bring Himalayas/Trans-Himalayas ⇒ perennial rivers ⇒ flood source Northern rivers Drainage system of entire state → finds outlet through Ganga Southern rivers source Chhotanagpur highlands [ except Son → rises from Amarkantak Parbat ( Chhattisgarh ) ] depends more on rain ⇒ so, lower instances of flood and lower volume in non - rainy seasons in Buxar Mokamah enters Bihar Rail-cum-road bridge Sonpur- Digha ( near completion) To improve connectivity GANGA completely bisects the state between the two halves Munger - Jamalpur ( near completion ) Road bridge Bhagalpur - Naugachchia Hajipur- Patna Bihar GK for BPSC Northern Rivers of Bihar Kauska ( in sanskrit ) Antecedent river Tamur Someshwar Range Sikrahana “HwangHo of Bihar”/ also known as total 7 streams Panchnad and Sonha not snow fed Sorrow of Bihar due to main tributaries Son Kosi ( sapt gandaki ) earlier called Kosi at Triveni in Nepal rises from also known as frequent change of course join in Nepal to form and the flooding it created barrage at Gandak Burhi Gandak Arun Hanumanagar joined by East Kosi Canal Gandak 1) Try to recall the districts map at the beginning of this course and see roughly West Kosi Canal embankment from which districts each of these rivers pass through . You dont have to memorise Bagaha to Patna it . Just get a rough idea , so that you can correlate the two maps and answer has been made to also in the exam if a question comes about rivers passing through districts . known avoid floods as 2) Try to note the important cities around each river in the map below. Mahaldiram Hills ( Darjeeling ) 3) See roghly at what point each river joins Ganga : rises near Narayani/ joins Salgrami . Ganga feeds Mahananda 2 irrigation canals in Bengal Triveni Canal Saran Canal tributaries (Champaran) ( Saran ) Nagar Mechi Saryu / Deuha / Gogra also known as boundary river boundary river Ghaghra between between Imp. tributaries Bihar and Bengal Bihar and Nepal Daha used for navigation , all year Chhoti Gandak Mnemonics Remembering the order of Northern Rivers : G-G-B-B-KeeMa ( Ghaghra - Gandak - Burhi Gandak - Baghmati - Kosi - Mahananda ) Bihar GK for BPSC South Bihar Rivers Mnemonics To remember the order of Southern rivers remember this : KSP-PSP-KaanCH Karamnasa - Son - Punpun - Phalgu - Sakari - Panchane - Kiul - CHandan Kaimur Hills rises from Karamnasa Kiul Religiuos Significance rises from Hazaribagh Plateau [ Karma( action ) + Nasa ( destroy ) ] ⇓ regarded as accursed by Hindus North Koel ( comes from Jharkhand ) Hazaribagh Plateau sacred river for Hindus Maikal range of Tilaiya river Dhadhar river rises from Amarkantak Hills Imp. tributary Hiranyabahu ( Chhatisgarh ) join to form Punpun Sakari rises in Son rises in old name joins Panchane highlands of Palamu Historical significance Panchane in Ain-i-Akbari joined Ganga at Patliputra - mentioned but has shifted course and now joins it at Maner as Erannoboas - 3rd most 2 rivers from Nilanjan imp river after Ganga and Hazaribagh join near Bodh Gaya to form Phalgu imp distributary Mahane Indus -by Megasthenes plateau Mohane Bihar GK for BPSC Bihar Rivers - The 80/20 Memoriser Cloze Deletion Graphic Deletion Ganga runs [1-_____] km in Bihar . Two recent rain- cum-road bridges have been built on it joining Try to recall the names of the rivers from their starting letters : [2- S/D ] and [3- M/J] . Source of northern rivers is Himalayas whereas that Cloze Deletion Answers of southern rivers is [4] , except Son which rises in 1. 483 [5]. 2. Sonpur-Digha 3. Munger -Jamalpur Gandak is also known as 4. Chhotanagpur Highlands [6-N/S] . Embankment has 5. Amarkantak Hills been built on it starting 6. Narayani/Salgrami from [7-B] . It feeds 2 7. Bagaha irrigation canals : [8-T,S] . 8. Triveni ( Champaran ) , Saran 9. Saryu/Deuha/Gogra Ghaghra is also known as 10. Sikrahana [9-SDG]. 11. Kauska Burhi Gandak is also 12. Hanumanagar known as [10-S]. 13. Mahaldiram Hills Kosi is also known as [11]. 14. Bengal It has a barrage at [12-H]. 15. Hiranyabahu Mahananda rises near 16. Erannoboas [13-M] and joins Ganga in [14]. Son’s old name was [15-H]. However it was called as [16-E] by Megasthenes . Remember the Mnemonics To get more such notes , please visit North South notesforias.com and enter your email in the subsciprion box available on any page . Or email us with “ subscribe” written in the subject at [email protected] GG-BB-KeeMa KSP-PSP-KaanCH.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Village & Townwise Primary Census Abstract, Yamunanagar, Part XII A
    CENSUS OF INDIA 1991 SERIES -8 HARYANA DISTRICT CEN.SUS HANDBOOK PART XII - A & B VILLAGE & TOWN DIRECTORY VILLAGE &TOWNWISE PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT DISTRICT YAMUNANAGAR Direqtor of Census Operations Haryana Published by : The Government of Haryana. 1995 ir=~~~==~==~==~====~==~====~~~l HARYANA DISTRICT YAMUNANAGAR t, :~ Km 5E3:::a::E0i:::=::::i====310==::::1i:5==~20. Km C.O.BLOCKS A SADAURA B BILASPUR C RADAUR o JAGADHRI E CHHACHHRAULI C.D.BLOCK BOUNDARY EXCLUDES STATUTORY TOWN (S) BOUNDARIES ARE UPDATED UPTO 1.1.1990 W. R.C. WORKSHOP RAILWAY COLONY DISTRICT YAMUNANAGAR CHANGE IN JURI50lC TION 1981-91 KmlO 0 10 Km L__.j___l BOUNDARY, STATE ... .. .. .. _ _ _ DISTRICT _ TAHSIL C D. BLOCK·:' .. HEADQUARTERS: DISTRICT; TAHSIL; e.D. BLOCK @:©:O STATE HIGHWAY.... SH6 IMPORT ANi MEiALLED ROAD RAILWAY LINE WITH STATION. BROAD GAUGE RS RIVER AND STREAMI CANAL ~/---­ - Khaj,wan VILLAGE HAVING 5000 AND ABOVE POPULATION WITH NAME - URBAN AREA WITH POPULATION SIZE-CLASS I,II,IV &V .. POST AND TElEGRAPH OFFICE. PTO DEGREE COLLEGE AND TECHNICAL INSTITUTION ... ••••1Bl m BOUNDARY, STATE DISTRICT REST HOUSE, TRAVELLERS' BUNGALOW, FOREST BUNGALOW RH TB rB CB TA.HSIL AND CANAL BUNGALOW NEWLY CREATED DISTRICT YAMuNANAGAR Other villages having PTO/RH/TB/FB/CB, ~tc. are shown as .. .Damla HAS BEEN FORMED BY TRANSFERRING PTO AREA FROM :- Western Yamuna Canal W.Y.C. olsTRle T AMBAl,A I DISTRICT KURUKSHETRA SaSN upon Survt'y of India map with tn. p.rmission of theo Survt'yor Gf'nf'(al of India CENSUS OF INDIA - 1991 A - CENTRAL GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS The publications relating to Haryana bear series No.
    [Show full text]
  • Gaya Travel Guide - Page 1
    Gaya Travel Guide - http://www.ixigo.com/travel-guide/gaya page 1 and Nagkut Mountain. Brahmayoni offers a Max: 31.0°C Min: Rain: 8.0mm 19.20000076 sensational view of the plains. Shopaholics 2939453°C Gaya must visit the famous G B Road and May One of the most important cities in Pleasant weather. Carry Light woollen. Reaching Gaya is easy as it is well-connected India, Gaya is also known as the Max: 34.0°C Min: Rain: 20.0mm to other regions through rail, road and air. 22.60000038 land of Vishnu and Buddhism. It 1469727°C Bodhgaya is the nearest airport from where Jun serves as the second largest city of a large number of international flights for Bihar after Patna and brings a lot of Pleasant weather. Carry Light woollen, Thailand, Japan and Myanmar ply on a daily umbrella. tourism to the state. Famous For : City basis. You can also travel to Patna, which is Max: 33.0°C Min: Rain: 137.0mm around 125 km from Gaya and has direct 21.89999961 8530273°C Gaya is of great religious importance to trains for Kolkata, Delhi and Mumbai.  Jul Hindus and Buddhists and is home to Pleasant weather. Carry Light woollen, numerous ancient temples and When To umbrella. archaeological sites. An amalgamation of Max: 29.5°C Min: Rain: 315.0mm 21.10000038 age-old cultures and modern lifestyle, this 1469727°C city is a must-visit for all the travellers. From VISIT Aug three sides it is surrounded by small rocky Pleasant weather.
    [Show full text]
  • Gaya Water Supply Phase 1 (GWSP1) Subproject
    Initial Environmental Examination Document Stage: Draft Project Number: 41603-024 May 2017 IND: Bihar Urban Development Investment Program — Gaya Water Supply Phase 1 (GWSP1) Subproject Prepared by Urban Development and Housing Department, Government of Bihar for the Asian Development Bank. This draft initial environmental examination report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ABBREVIATIONS ADB — Asian Development Bank BOQ — bill of quantity BPLE — Bihar Public Land Encroachment Act BSPCB — Bihar State Pollution Control Board, BUIDCo — Bihar Urban Infrastructure Development Corporation BUDIP — Bihar Urban Development Investment Program C & P — consultation and participation CBO — community-based organization CFE — Consent for Establishment CFO — Consent for Operation CGWB — Central Ground Water Board CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species — of Wild Fauna and Flora CMS — Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals CWR — clear water reservoir DFO — Divisional Forest Officer DSC — design and supervision consultants EAC — Expert Appraisal Committee EARF — environmental assessment
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright by Indulata Prasad May 2016
    Copyright by Indulata Prasad May 2016 THE DISSERTATION COMMITTEE FOR INDULATA PRASAD CERTIFIES THAT THIS IS THE APPROVED VERSION OF THE FOLLOWING DISSERTATION: LAND REDISTRIBUTION AND DALIT ASSERTION: MAPPING SOCIAL CHANGE IN GAYA, BIHAR, INDIA Committee: Charles R. Hale, Supervisor Kamala Visweswaran, Co-Supervisor Sharmila Rudrappa Shannon Speed João H. Costa Vargas Maria Franklin LAND REDISTRIBUTION AND DALIT ASSERTION: MAPPING SOCIAL CHANGE IN GAYA, BIHAR BY INDULATA PRASAD, P.G.D.; M.A. DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN MAY 2016 DEDICATION To my parents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation marks the culmination of a long and eventful journey and I want to thank everyone who has been a part of it. My deepest gratitude to my teacher, mentor and guide, Kamala Visweswaran, who has been very supportive of my work. I thank her for her immense patience in letting me “arrive” at my key arguments, interventions and conclusion. Without her consistent help, guidance and support, this dissertation would not have been possible. I thank Sharmila Rudrappa for her encouragement throughout the research process. I greatly benefitted from her advice that helped me identify and articulate some of the key concepts and intervention of my research. I thank Charlie Hale for his unconditional support and patience, particularly, towards the end of the writing phase that was critical to finishing the dissertation in a timely manner. I thank Shannon Speed, João Vargas, for their comments and feedback on this dissertation.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Rivers in India
    Sl. No Name of River 1 Aarpa River 2 Achan Kovil River 3 Adyar River 4 Aganashini 5 Ahar River 6 Ajay River 7 Aji River 8 Alaknanda River 9 Amanat River 10 Amaravathi River 11 Arkavati River 12 Atrai River 13 Baitarani River 14 Balan River 15 Banas River 16 Barak River 17 Barakar River 18 Beas River 19 Berach River 20 Betwa River 21 Bhadar River 22 Bhadra River 23 Bhagirathi River 24 Bharathappuzha 25 Bhargavi River 26 Bhavani River 27 Bhilangna River 28 Bhima River 29 Bhugdoi River 30 Brahmaputra River 31 Brahmani River 32 Burhi Gandak River 33 Cauvery River 34 Chambal River 35 Chenab River 36 Cheyyar River 37 Chaliya River 38 Coovum River 39 Damanganga River 40 Devi River 41 Daya River 42 Damodar River 43 Doodhna River 44 Dhansiri River 45 Dudhimati River 46 Dravyavati River 47 Falgu River 48 Gambhir River 49 Gandak www.downloadexcelfiles.com 50 Ganges River 51 Ganges River 52 Gayathripuzha 53 Ghaggar River 54 Ghaghara River 55 Ghataprabha 56 Girija River 57 Girna River 58 Godavari River 59 Gomti River 60 Gunjavni River 61 Halali River 62 Hoogli River 63 Hindon River 64 gursuti river 65 IB River 66 Indus River 67 Indravati River 68 Indrayani River 69 Jaldhaka 70 Jhelum River 71 Jayamangali River 72 Jambhira River 73 Kabini River 74 Kadalundi River 75 Kaagini River 76 Kali River- Gujarat 77 Kali River- Karnataka 78 Kali River- Uttarakhand 79 Kali River- Uttar Pradesh 80 Kali Sindh River 81 Kaliasote River 82 Karmanasha 83 Karban River 84 Kallada River 85 Kallayi River 86 Kalpathipuzha 87 Kameng River 88 Kanhan River 89 Kamla River 90
    [Show full text]
  • District Profile
    Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises Government of India DISTRICT PROFILE GAYA 2019-20 Carried out by MSME-Development Institute (Ministry of MSME, Govt. of India,) Patliputra Industrial Estate, Patna-13 Phone:- 0612-2262719, 2262208, 2263211 Fax: 06121 -2262186 e-mail: [email protected] Web- www.msmedipatna.gov.in Mahabodhi Temple, Bodhgaya Vishnupad Temple, Gaya Mangala Gauri Temple, Gaya 2 FOREWORD At the instance of the Development Commissioner, Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises, Government of India, New Delhi, District Industrial Profile containing basic information about the district of Gaya has been updated by MSME-DI, Patna under the Annual Plan 2019-20. It covers the information pertaining to the availability of resources, infrastructural support, existing status of industries, institutional support for MSMEs, etc. I am sure this District Industrial Profile would be highly beneficial for all the Stakeholders of MSMEs. It is full of academic essence and is expected to provide all kinds of relevant information about the District at a glance. This compilation aims to provide the user a comprehensive insight into the industrial scenario of the district. I would like to appreciate the relentless effort taken by Shri Ravi Kant, Assistant Director (EI) in preparing this informative District Industrial Profile right from the stage of data collection, compilation upto the final presentation. Any suggestion from the stakeholders for value addition in the report is welcome. Place: Patna Date: 31.03.2020 3 Brief Industrial Profile of Gaya District 1. General Characteristics of the District– Gaya formed a part of the district of Behar and Ramgarh till 1864.
    [Show full text]
  • Government of India Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No
    GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT & GANGA REJUVENATION LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1980 ANSWERED ON 27.07.2017 INTER-LINKING OF RIVERS 1980. SHRI ASHWINI KUMAR CHOUBEY Will the Minister of WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT AND GANGA REJUVENATION be pleased to state: (a) the current status of the interlinking of rivers project; (b) whether the Government plans to merge Phalgu river situated in Gaya district of Bihar with Ganga river; and (c) if so, the details thereof along with the timeframe of the same? ANSWER THE MINISTER OF STATE FOR WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT AND GANGA REJUVENATION (DR. SANJEEV KUMAR BALYAN) (a) Under the National Perspective Plan (NPP) for water resources development through inter basin transfer of water prepared by this Ministry, National Water Development Agency (NWDA) has identified 30 links (16 under Peninsular Component & 14 under Himalayan Component) for preparation of Feasibility Reports (FRs). After survey and investigations, FRs of 14 links under Peninsular Component and 2 links in the Himalayan component have been prepared. Present status, States concerned and States benefited of Inter Basin Water Transfer Links are given in Annexure. Based on the concurrence of concerned states four priority links for preparation of Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) have been identified viz; Ken-Betwa link project Phase-I & II, Damanganga- Pinjal link, Par-Tapi-Narmada link and Mahanadi-Godavari link. The DPRs of Ken-Betwa Phase I & II, Daman-Ganga-Pinjal, Par-Tapi-Narmada have been prepared and shared with the respective States. Further, various Statutory Clearances have been obtained for KBLP Phase-I.
    [Show full text]
  • District Wise Activities That Can Be Taken up for Rejuvenation of Rivers with Focus for Support for Migrant Workers Returning Home
    District wise activities that can be taken up for Rejuvenation of Rivers with focus for support for migrant workers returning home Various works and activities involved in rejuvenation of small river in Ganga basin which are tributaries of River Ganga can be taken up under MGNREGA for generation of employment for migrant workers returning home. Accordingly, a total of 68 districts located in Ganga basin have been identified and small rivers and tributaries of River Ganga/ its tributaries have been shortlisted. Rejuvenation of these small tributaries forms an important component of rejuvenating River Ganga. Various activities have also been identified which can be implemented during pre-monsoon periods in the catchment of these rivers which will also help in rejuvenating these rivers. The potential areas for works programs to provide employment opportunities to them can be through MGNREGA, CAMPA & other funds for small river rejuvenation and afforestation. The components of work for small river rejuvenation may include desilting, construction of clean dam & other structures for water harvesting & storage, afforestation in the catchment, protection work for water bodies. The list of these activities have also been identified and given in the enclosed statement. The list of activities are not exhaustive but is illustrative as applicable for concept. These activities are such that they may not involve highly skilled manpower for their implementation. Even unskilled or semi-skilled manpower can be utilized for their implementation. Out of 73 districts, 34 districts (S No 1 to 34) fall in Uttar Pradesh while 20 are in Bihar (S No 35 to 54). Similarly, 5 in Jharkhand (S No 55 to 59), 12 districts are located in Madhya Pradesh (S No 60 to 71), and 2 in Rajasthan (S No 72-73).
    [Show full text]
  • A Physiographical Study of Punpun Basin in Magadh Region of Bihar, India
    A PHYSIOGRAPHICAL STUDY OF PUNPUN BASIN IN MAGADH REGION OF BIHAR, INDIA Dr. Rajesh Kumar Mishra DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY, MAGADH UNIVERSITY, BODHGAYA, BIHAR, INDIA ABSTRACT This paper aims at physiographical study of Punpun basin in Magadh region of Bihar. Physiographically, the study region may be divided into two broad unequal units: the plateau surface of the south and the lowland of the north. The southern part is a plateau surface roughly contour line of 150 meters above the sea level. It is very much dissected by the stream flowing rapidly on it. The northern part of the area is a plain land and it forms a part of the Gangetic plain. It has largely been built by the alluvium brought from the southern hills. Keywords: Physiography, Plateau, Plains, Drainage INTRODUCTION The river Punpun originates from Chotanagpur hills in Hariharganj Block of Palamu district in Jharkhand at an elevation of 442 m and at latitude 24011’ N and longitude 84°9’E. The river Punpun flows for most of its portion in a north, north-eastern direction and falls into the Ganga near Fatuha, about 25 km downstream of Patna. Its total length is about 235 km. The river receives a substantial portion of discharge from its right bank tributaries. Majority of the tributaries originate from the same range of hills in Palamu, Aurangabad and Gaya districts of Jharkhand and Bihar respectively. Spanning over the parts of Palamu and Chatra districts of Jharkhand and Aurangabad, Gaya, Jehanabad, Arwal, Patna and Nalanda districts of Bihar it covers an area of nearly 9025.75 km which is nearly one per cent of the total area of the Ganga sub-basin in the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Revisiting the Traditional Irrigation System for Sustainability of Farm Production: Evidences from Bihar (India)
    Revisiting the Traditional Irrigation System for Sustainability of Farm Production: Evidences from Bihar (India) Dr Shyam Sunder Prasad Sharma* Dr U Hemantha Kumar** Paper prepared for presentation at the 87th Annual Conference of the Agricultural Economics Society, University of Warwick, United Kingdom 8 - 10 April 2013 * Professor Head, Centre for Water and Land Resources, National Institute of Rural Development, Hyderabad, INDIA, ([email protected]) & Corresponding Author **Assistant professor (CWLR), NIRD, Hyderabad, Co-author Abstract The paper aims at to examine the approach of revitalization of the traditional irrigation system in Bihar (India). Although, the system contributes only 12 % irrigation of the total area yet its irrigation potential in 2012 is 15.44 lakh hectors constituting 7 % of the total irrigation potential. The system is self sustained and the people managed. Farming sector in the state contributes 18.12 % to the state gross domestic product in 2012 is the base of the state economy. Traditional irrigation system constitutes primarily of the system of irrigation through “Ahar-Pyne”. Ahars are reservoirs and consist of a major embankment across the line of the drainage with two side embankments running backwards up to the line of the drainage gradually losing their heights because of the gradient of the surface. “Ahar” is actually a tank which receives its supply from small rivers through diversion channel called Desiyan (a source of irrigation to ten villages) “pyne”. The system was on decline earlier due to mechanisation of irrigation but now it gains its revitalisation due to sustainable contribution in crop production and its rationale of water use efficiency practised by the marginal farmers for enhancing the farm productivity.
    [Show full text]
  • REVIEWING DISASTER MANAGEMENT CAPACITIES in BIHAR I N D I a Facilitating Humanitarianism
    REVIEWING DISASTER MANAGEMENT CAPACITIES IN BIHAR I N D I A Facilitating Humanitarianism This report has been compiled by Sheena Arora, Nishant Buragohain, Kaustubh Devale , Praveen Pawar and Aahna Srikanth of RedR India in March-April 2013, as a part of the review of Bihar’s Disaster Management capacities for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. RedR India is a member of the RedR International federation, providing training, recruitment and advisory services for emergencies. A humanitarian and non-profit organization, RedR India maintains a register of experienced humanitarian professionals who are available to assist governments and external support agencies working in the humanitarian sector. The RedRs have a global reputation for the development and presentation of high quality training for the humanitarian aid sector and have offices in Australia, India, Malaysia, New Zealand, Sri Lanka and the United Kingdom. For more details on RedR India please visit www.redr.org.in Cover Photo: People in Khagaria district, Bihar, crossing the Bagmati River to reach Chheda Khera Panchayat. Layout: Ashok Nirgulkar Photo credits: RedR India October 2013 REVIEWING DISASTER MANAGEMENT CAPACITIES IN BIHAR Responding to emergencies effectively and efficiently over eight percent prone to floods, and 2.25 percent of requires strong national and local disaster management India’s Gross Domestic Product has been swept away by systems and emergency responders with the knowledge disasters. The numbers are stark. Constrained and information about the risks and hazards that they resources demand innovative thinking and risk-informed potentially face, the existing capacities of all actors; and planning so as to preemptively avert huge losses.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Supply and Sanitation Services, Water As a Resource, Are Critical to Sustainable Development
    6.1 Introduction 6.1.1 Beyond meeting basic human needs, water supply and sanitation services, water as a resource, are critical to sustainable development. It is a major source of energy in some parts of the world, while in others its potential as an energy source remains largely untapped. Water is also necessary for agriculture and for many industrial processes. And in more than a few countries, it makes up an integral part of transport systems. With improved scientific understanding, the international community has also come to appreciate more fully the valuable services provided by water-related ecosystems, from flood control to storm protection and water purification.Fresh water is a renewable resource, yet the world's supply of clean, fresh water is steadily decreasing. Water demand already exceeds supply in many parts of the world and as the world population continues to rise, so too does the water demand. 6.1.2 India is rich in surface water resources. Average annual precipitation is nearly 4000 cubic km. and the average flow in the river system is estimated to be 1880 cubic km. Because of concentration of rains only in the three monsoon months, the utilizable quantum of water is about 690 cubic km. However, conditions vary widely from region to region. Whereas, some regions are drought affected, others are frequently flooded. In India also, with the rapid increase in the population, the demand for irrigation, human and industrial consumption of water has increased considerably, thereby causing depletion of water resources. 6.1.3 The following table 6.1.1 indicates the estimated water demand in India for different sectors.
    [Show full text]