Goyder: Integrated Water Management Plan (Iwmp) for Eudunda

Goyder Regional Council

Eudunda IWMP GOYDER: INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (IWMP) FOR EUDUNDA

January 2012

Regional Council of Goyder AWE

Document History and Status

Issue Rev. Issued to Qty Date Reviewed Approved 1 V5 T. Wood 1 30/9/11 GF GF

Final V6 T.Wood 1 25/01/12 GF GF

Printed: January 25, 2012 Last Saved: September 30, 2011 File Name: 11105 R001 IWMP Eudunda v6 120125.docx Project Manager: Ben Taylor Client: Regional Council of Goyder Project: Integrated Water Management Plan for Eudunda Name of Document: Integrated Water Management Plan for Eudunda Document Version: v6 Job Number: 11105

11105 Integrated Water Management Plan for Eudunda i AWE Regional Council of Goyder

ii 11105 Integrated Water Management Plan for Eudunda Regional Council of Goyder AWE

Table of Contents

1 Introduction ...... 1 1.1 Total Water Cycle Management ...... 2 1.2 Purpose of the Plan ...... 2 1.3 IWMP Objectives ...... 4 2 The Township of Eudunda ...... 6 2.1 Climate ...... 6 2.2 Future Township Growth Scenario ...... 6 2.2.1 Residential Land Supply and Demand ...... 7 2.2.2 Potential Areas for Future Residential Development ...... 7 2.2.3 Potential Lot Yield for Identified growth areas and Infill Greenfield areas ...... 7 2.2.4 Potential Development Constraints ...... 7 3 Strategic IWMP Objectives ...... 9 3.1 Objectives and Measures ...... 9 4 Current and Potential Water Resources Use and Recommendations ...... 12 4.1 Water Balance ...... 12 4.1.1 Anticipated Future Water Demand ...... 13 4.2 Potable Water ...... 14 4.2.1 Roof Runoff ...... 14 4.3 Groundwater ...... 15 4.3.1 Geology and Hydrogeology ...... 15 4.4 Water Dependent Ecosystems ...... 16 4.5 Stormwater ...... 19 4.5.1 Surface Drainage and Watercourses ...... 19 4.5.2 Existing Stormwater Infrastructure ...... 19 4.5.3 Stormwater Management Options ...... 20 4.5.4 Stormwater Harvesting Opportunities ...... 20 4.5.5 Stormwater Quality ...... 21 4.5.6 Wastewater ...... 23 4.6 Climate Change Impacts ...... 25 5 Implementation Plan ...... 26 5.1 Overview ...... 26 5.2 Immediate Recommended Actions ...... 27 5.2.1 Eudunda ...... 27 5.2.2 Regional ...... 28 5.3 Intermediate Actions ...... 36 5.3.1 Eudunda ...... 36 5.3.2 Regional ...... 36 5.4 Strategic and Long Term Actions ...... 38

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5.4.1 Eudunda ...... 38 5.4.2 Regional ...... 38 5.5 Monitoring and Review ...... 40 6 Funding Opportunities ...... 42 6.1 Strengthening Basin Communities – Water Saving Initiatives ...... 42 6.2 South Australian Murray Darling Basin NRM Board ...... 42 6.3 Stormwater Harvesting and Reuse Projects ‐ Third Competitive Grants Round ...... 42 6.4 Regional Development Australia ...... 42 7 References ...... 44

List of Tables

Table 2‐1 Average Rainfall Statistics for Eudunda Calculated Over All Years of Data ...... 6 Table 2‐2 Eudunda Lot Yields, Potential Additional Population and Water Demand...... 7 Table 3‐1 Integrated Water Resource Management Objectives, Strategies and Measures ...... 10 Table 4‐1 Current Water Use in Eudunda ...... 13 Table 4‐2 Potential Future Water Resource Demand in Eudunda...... 14 Table 4‐3 Eudunda DES Borehole Details ...... 17 Table 4‐4 Monthly Climate Change Scenario Data ...... 25 Table 5‐1 Description of Priority Rankings ...... 26 Table 5‐2 Immediate IWMP Recommended Actions for the next 1‐5 Years: Eudunda ...... 33 Table 5‐3 Immediate IWMP Recommended Actions for the next 1‐5 Years: Regional ...... 34 Table 5‐4 Intermediate IWMP Recommended Actions for the next 5‐10 Years: Eudunda ...... 37 Table 5‐5 Intermediate IWMP Recommended Actions for the next 5‐10 Years: Regional ...... 37 Table 5‐6 Strategic and Long Term IWMP Recommended Actions for the next 10‐30 Years: Eudunda ...... 39 Table 5‐7 Strategic and Long Term IWMP Recommended Actions for the next 10‐30 Years: Regional ...... 39

List of Figures

Figure 1‐1 Total Water Cycle ...... 2 Figure 1‐2 Township of Eudunda ...... 5 Figure 4‐1 Current Potable Water Use in Eudunda ...... 14 Figure 4‐2 DES Borehole Location Plan ...... 18 Figure 4‐3 Existing catchment, Wastewater and stormwater Infrastructure and Flooding Issues in Eudunda ... 22

Appendices

Appendix A : Federal, State and Regional Legislative Framework Appendix B : Council’s Strategic Planning Framework: Development Planning and Climate Change Appendix C : Recommended Actions Map

iv 11105 Integrated Water Management Plan for Eudunda Regional Council of Goyder AWE Executive Summary

Introduction

Council engaged Australian Water Environments (AWE) to develop an Integrated Water Management Plan (IWMP) for Eudunda. The Regional Council of Goyder and the community are committed to becoming more sustainable with its water use and to ensure that existing flooding and wastewater management issues are administered appropriately to enable future growth.

Objectives

The IWMP aims to provide for Eudunda:

 Sustainable management of all water resources within, impacted or drawn upon by the township including planned growth areas;

 Preservation, or enhancement where possible, of the ecological function of watercourses that receive runoff from Eudunda;

 Water management strategies to support a productive, sustainable, liveable, socially inclusive town that is well placed to meet future challenges and growth;

 Sufficient water supplies to maintain public open space for amenity and recreational values, while protecting the health and wellbeing of the community in a warming climate;

 Water use that is “fit for purpose”, i.e. Water treated to an appropriate standard in keeping with its intended use;

 Clearly articulated connections and directions to the different sections of the council’s business, e.g. planning and engineering, operations, and strategy;

 A resilient township capable of responding to an uncertain climate future;

 Water infrastructure with a minimised carbon footprint across its life‐cycle; and

 Clear direction as to how water will be managed within growth areas and the existing township area.

Eudunda Township

The IWMP applies to the township boundaries of Eudunda designated in Figure 1‐2.

The township of Eudunda is located on the eastern fringe of the Mount Lofty Ranges, 95 km north – northeast of the Adelaide CBD and 24 km northeast of Kapunda.

The long term average annual rainfall for Eudunda is 447 mm.

Eudunda recorded a population of 641 in the 2006 Census which is an increase of 38 from 2001. Eudunda is not anticipated to experience major growth requiring augmentation of the existing township zone extent.

The Regional Council of Goyder has identified a number of water resource management issues in the township, including stormwater and wastewater management.

Key Findings

The main water management issues faced by Council and the people of Eudunda relate to existing known high risk flood sites and wastewater management.

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A previous Stormwater Management Report for Eudunda defined the key catchment contributing to local flooding and provided recommendations for remediation. Many of these recommendations have been acted upon.

A stormwater harvesting scheme has recently been constructed but will require further investigation to identify how this may be operated in the future to maximise benefits in reducing River Murray water for non‐ potable demands in Eudunda, whilst ensuring that legislation requirements are adhered to.

Climate change will effect both irrigation demand and water resource availability but the impacts are not large and are less than the national variability in runoff from one year to the next.

Recommendations

The report provides a series of recommended actions in relation to potable water, groundwater, surface water, water dependent ecosystems, stormwater and wastewater. These recommended actions have been grouped into those that are specific to Eudunda and those that would be more effectively implemented on a Council wide basis. The Eudunda specific recommendations are highlighted below.

Potable Water

 Council consider increasing the storage volumes of rainwater tanks required to be provided as part of new legislation and / or Development Plan provisions, especially with regard to commercial, industrial and larger scale residential developments.

 Council investigate opportunities to encourage installation of rainwater tanks through additional rebates and education of the benefits.

 Council review where rainwater tanks can be installed on Council properties and / or opportunities for tanks to be plumbed into Council buildings, where this is not already done.

Surface Water

 Reduce the reliance and impact on the surface water resources of the region by implementing harvesting and reuse schemes that comply with the relevant legislation.

Water Dependent Ecosystems

 Undertake an on‐ground survey of sites that might potentially be impacted by IWMP related works to ensure WDE’s are not compromised.

Stormwater

 Implement the recommendations from the Stormwater Management Report to mitigate the potential magnitude of future flood events through Eudunda.  Rectification of existing detention basin upstream of Drain E (west of railway embankment).  Identify appropriate Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD), detention and capacity improvements.  Complete the sealing and kerbing of all roads and provide formalised drainage easements/reserves over existing water courses through private land.

Wastewater

 All future development within the township to be connected to the existing CWMS scheme.  Meter and monitor wastewater inflows and outflows to determine accurate long term water balance to base future decisions regarding system augmentation requirements. vi 11105 Integrated Water Management Plan for Eudunda Regional Council of Goyder AWE

 Ensure sufficient irrigation demand and wastewater storage to minimise potential risk of discharge to receiving waters.

Implementation

The Implementation Plan in Section 5 clearly sets out the activities that Council can undertake to achieve the objectives of the IWMP. It breaks the activities down into immediate, intermediate and strategic/long term actions.

Monitoring and Review

A monitoring and evaluation approach for the IWMP is recommended which establishes an approach for continuous improvement in the planning, implementation and regular review of the Plan. This is detailed in Section 6.

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viii 11105 Integrated Water Management Plan for Eudunda Regional Council of Goyder AWE

1 Introduction Growth in rural towns, tourism, drought, degraded and depleted water resources and watercourses have changed the way we view water, leading to a more holistic approach to water resources management. For many communities, new and ongoing realities point to a water constrained future unless water resources are more effectively managed and utilised. Conventional water resources management strategies are required to be integrated with contemporary principles such as stormwater and wastewater reuse to address current and future water supply and water demands. Given the range of dynamic extremes of South Australia’s water resources systems, it is essential that we plan appropriately for cyclic wet and dry periods. Factoring drought risk into the reliable yield of our system is essential. There is a rising need to assess a range of the risks to water resource systems, including prolonged drought, increased population growth and climate change. Our water resource practices must also minimise our local environmental impacts and support the achievement of other state objectives and targets such as reducing reliance on the River Murray as a source of water and sustainable management of water resources.

The Regional Council of Goyder (Council) and the community are committed to becoming more sustainable with its water use and to ensure that existing flooding and wastewater management issues are administered appropriately to enable future growth. This has been demonstrated via a range of initiatives, including the development of a Stormwater Management Plan and upgrade of the wastewater treatment system. Council and the community are also looking to establish the utilisation of innovative, alternative water resource sources, including maximising the potential re‐ use of stormwater and treated wastewater, both of which is under‐utilised at present; whilst ensuring sufficient water, of a suitable quality, is provided for the environment.

Council has consequently engaged Australian Water Environments (AWE) to assist them in the development of an Integrated Water Management Plan (IWMP) for Eudunda.

Eudunda predominantly relies on the River Murray for its water supply. Issues which will affect water management in Eudunda into the future include:

 Damage to property from stormwater flooding;

 Population, housing and business growth and the associated water demands/needs;

 Open space water (amenity horticulture) needs;

 Climate change;

 Need to minimise greenhouse gas emissions; and

 Water quality risks associated with local water courses.

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1.1 Total Water Cycle Management Total water cycle management is about planning for the integrated management of water consumption, river water, groundwater, rainwater (or roof water), stormwater and wastewater to support the environment, economy and community. The Total Water Cycle is illustrated conceptually in Figure 1‐1. Traditionally, mains water supply (i.e. River Murray water), groundwater, wastewater and stormwater have been managed as separate systems. Integrated total water cycle management looks at the way key water resources are used and the effects this has on the quality of natural resources and watercourses. Water users in the Regional Council of Goyder have relied heavily on surface water supplies from the River Murray distributed through the mains water system. Continuing to extract large volumes of surface water from the River Murray will place significant stress on ecosystem health. Arguably the decline in the health (including the rise in salinity) of the River Murray is evidence that resources are already over‐exploited. Existing water supply, wastewater and stormwater infrastructure is ageing and reaching its capacity and the replacement costs to the community are considerable. In addition, there will be the need to expand the infrastructure to facilitate future growth in the township.

Solutions to improve water management challenges in the townships therefore need to be found that protect the existing network system, benefit the environment and are socially acceptable.

FIGURE 1‐1 TOTAL WATER CYCLE

Source: Adapted from www.recycledwater.com.au

1.2 Purpose of the Plan The development and implementation of an IWMP will help the Council and the community establish a strategic, proactive, innovative and targeted approach towards sustainable water usage (and re‐use) during a 30 year period of growth.

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The benefits of such an approach will help minimise the draw on River Murray and provide the Eudunda community with opportunities to improve their recreational facilities as well as delivering a wide range of other environmental, social and economic benefits. The Plan is intended to provide Council management, staff and Elected Members guidance for investing in water management actions that:

 Conserve water;

 Protect water quality;

 Protect ecosystem health; and

 Support the sustainable growth of Eudunda. The Plan will also serve to inform the community, other Councils and State Government about the water management programs and goals that the Council have for the five townships. It is intended that this Plan will be integrated with other water management tools and initiatives in the Council area including:

 The Regional Council of Goyder Development Plan;

 The River Murray Water Allocation Plan;

 Community Wastewater Management Systems;

 Water for Good Plan; and

 The South Australian Murray Darling Basin Natural Resources Management Plan.

The development, and most importantly, the implementation of the Integrated Water Management Plan for Eudunda will enable it to prosper whilst ensuring that:

 Council has an understanding of the scale and sustainability of its surface and groundwater resources;

 The general public and landowners can support and implement relevant strategies;

 Developers are better informed and educated on environmental considerations;

 Council can develop long term Capital Works Programs and Asset and Infrastructure Management Plans, matched by a Long Term Financial Plan;

 Council can effectively deal with emerging global warming and climate change adaptation scenarios;

 IWMP outcomes can be marketed to stimulate further growth;

 Council, agencies and the community are well placed to target grant opportunities for various projects;

 Development Plans are brought up‐to‐date with current environmental considerations and are consistent with Structure Plans, the Planning Strategy, NRM Strategies and other relevant research;

 The taking of water for current and future uses is within sustainable limits;

 Where practicable, re‐use of stormwater and wastewater can be economically achieved;

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 Development is balanced with environmental and social considerations;

 Consideration is given to water quantity, water quality, surface and groundwater and other resource linkages; and

 The plan provides linkages with relevant Local, State and Federal Government plans and strategies. 1.3 IWMP Objectives This IWMP aims to provide for Eudunda, the following:

 Sustainable management of all water resources within, impacted or drawn upon by the township including planned growth areas;

 Preservation, or enhancement where possible, of the ecological function of watercourses that receive runoff from Eudunda;

 Water management strategies to support productive, sustainable, liveable, socially inclusive town that is well placed to meet future challenges and growth;

 Sufficient water supplies to maintain public open space for amenity and recreational values, while protecting the health and wellbeing of the community in a warming climate;

 Water use that is “fit for purpose”, i.e. Water treated to an appropriate standard in keeping with its intended use;

 Clearly articulated connections and directions to the different sections of the council’s business, e.g. Planning and engineering, operations, and strategy;

 A resilient township capable of responding to an uncertain climate future;

 Water infrastructure with a minimised carbon footprint across its life‐cycle; and

 Clear direction as to how water will be managed within growth areas and the existing township area.

The IWMP applies to the township boundary to Eudunda designated in Figure 1‐2.

4 11105 Integrated Water Management Plan for Eudunda D R S N W I A O L P R A L I L D A S R T E S N U D A

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LEGEND 00.51 Drainage PORT AUGUSTA Kilometres (! SOUTH AUSTRALIA Cadastre NEW SOUTH WALES Eudunda Study Extent (! PORT PIRIE

(! BURRA Australian BERRI EUDUNDA (! WATER (! Environments (! GAWLER ADELAIDE (! Data Source: (! Cadastre supplied by SA Water; Drainage GOOLWA VICTORIA created by Australian Water Environments (AWE) from aerial photography and contours IntegratedIntegrated Water Management (5m interval) supplied by Dept of Water, Land & Biodiversity Conservation (DWLBC); Study PlanPlan forfor Burra andand EudundaEudunda Area created by AWE from Landuse map ROBE (! supplied by Goyder Council. Eudunda Study Extent

Job No. 11105 ‐ 006 110525 Figure 1‐2 AWE Regional Council of Goyder

2 The Township of Eudunda Eudunda is a town located approximately 110km north of Adelaide on the Thiele Highway and it is on the western fringe of the Murray Darling Basin. Eudunda is located within the Regional Council of Goyder and it recorded a population of 641 in the 2006 Census (Appendix B). The Regional Council of Goyder has identified a number of water resource management issues in the township, including stormwater and wastewater management.

2.1 Climate The long term average annual rainfall for Eudunda is 447mm. Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) gauge in Eudunda has over 100 years of rainfall data (BoM Station 024511, Eudunda School) has been utilised for the IWMP. Rainfall data has been collected at this location since 1880. Historical rainfall over the available record is illustrated in Table 2‐1. The average annual point potential evapotranspiration ranges is estimated to be between 1654‐1700 mm per annum.

TABLE 2‐1 AVERAGE RAINFALL STATISTICS FOR EUDUNDA CALCULATED OVER ALL YEARS OF DATA

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Mean 21.7 22.4 20.8 32.9 45.1 51.9 51.2 55.9 49 40.5 30.1 26.2

Median 13.7 13.4 12.6 24.4 37.2 50.2 47.4 53.5 46.3 38.2 24.7 20.8

The average precipitation for each month, as illustrated in Table 2‐1, shows that most precipitation occurs in the 6‐month period between May and October. The total precipitation in this period is distributed relatively even across each month. The lowest rainfalls throughout the region occur from January through to March.

2.2 Future Township Growth Scenario The potential growth scenario for Eudunda is briefly described below and in more detail in Appendix B.

As described in detail in Appendix B, Eudunda is experiencing slow to moderate growth which is expected to continue into the future. As such, Eudunda is not anticipated to experience major growth, either outside or inside existing township/settlement boundaries. Council is therefore not planning to amend the Development Plan to accommodate new residential or rural living subdivisions in Eudunda. Based on SA Water meter data, Eudunda contains 355 residential connections, 41 non‐residential tenements, (9 of which are known to be industrial or Council) and 29 commercial tenements. The current population of Eudunda based on 2006 Census data is 641 people. Using a base population of 641 persons in 2006, it is projected that the population of Eudunda will be 777 in 2036, which represents an increase of 136 people (Appendix B).

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2.2.1 Residential Land Supply and Demand Based on 2006 ABS records there are currently 318 residential dwellings in Eudunda. The current Development Plan (consolidated 17 February 2011) states that in the Residential Zone, the minimum allotment size for a detached dwelling is 1000m2. Based on the current township Structure Plan, a site inspection on 13 May 2011, and perusal of aerial photographs, Eudunda has sufficient land to support an additional 17 residential infill allotments within the existing town and an additional 404 allotments through subdivision of Greenfield sites located to the east and north of the township.

2.2.2 Potential Areas for Future Residential Development The area available for residential development, comprises infill within the existing Residential Zone and further subdivision of the vacant Greenfield land to the east and west of the Burra‐Eudunda Road.

2.2.3 Potential Lot Yield for Identified growth areas and Infill Greenfield areas The potential lot yields for each of the identified growth areas based on the proposed minimum lot sizes are outlined below.

The estimated population growth by 2036 as outlined in the interim planning report for Eudunda is 136 indicating that lot take up rates within Eudunda within existing residential and Rural Living zones would be 60% and 18% by that date.

TABLE 2‐2 EUDUNDA LOT YIELDS, POTENTIAL ADDITIONAL POPULATION AND WATER DEMAND.

Township area Area Estimated Max Potential Additional (Ha) Lot Yield Maximum Population Eudunda South and South East 1.5 12 22 Eudunda North East ‐vacant land east of 14 107 193 Hannan Street Eudunda North West‐vacant land and council land north of Michael Street and 38 295 532 abutting Burra‐Eudunda Road Total Eudunda 54.4 423 767

2.2.4 Potential Development Constraints The current Development Plan (Consolidated 17 February 2011) provides for allotments within the Residential Zone of a minimum of 1000 m2 for detached dwellings, 600 m2 for semi‐detached, 500 m2 for group dwellings and 400 m2 for row dwellings. There is currently no Rural Living Zone associated with the township of Eudunda. There is some demand for Rural Living allotments, as Council receives enquiries each year. The Development Act 1993 also provides for the listing of State and Local heritage places within the Development Plan, and there is one State Heritage Place within Eudunda at 8 South Terrace, Eudunda.

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The township is surrounded by the Primary Production Zone which has a minimum allotment size of 100 ha. The ultimate sustainable population growth for Eudunda will be largely governed by the capacity of the existing potable water supply and the need to reduce the dependence on the River Murray water. The existing water supply feed into Eudunda and the existing reticulation system would possibly need augmentation if the remainder of the residential zone was fully developed. It is noted that several drainage deficiencies have been identified in the Stormwater Management Plan prepared for Eudunda. These issues are being progressively rectified over the short term and are anticipated to mitigate the flood situation such that flooding will not be a development constraint in the longer term.

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3 Strategic IWMP Objectives One of the key mechanisms for achieving the desired outcomes for water management is to ensure that the objectives of the IWMP meet and contribute to other Council and natural resource management policies and strategies. These strategies in turn assist in the implementation of the desired water management outcomes. The overarching Federal, State and Council policy framework and strategic setting is documented in Appendix A and Appendix B. It is essential that the principles and options proposed in the IWMP take into consideration the wide variety of interests (and requirements) involved in the operation of the Council and, in particular, the plans for future development. Consequently, key stakeholder involvement in this process was identified as being critical to ensuring that an IWMP is developed that takes into consideration the stakeholder organisation’s requirements and needs to achieve the important water management outcomes sought by this project. The Council and the Project Team considered that a range of organisations have an important role to play in contributing to the creation of an innovative yet practical plan for reducing water use and “water proofing” the region, therefore, the following organisations have been consulted during the previous stages of developing IWMPs for the larger towns in the Mid Murray Council area.

 Regional Council of Goyder Councillors and Staff;

 Department for Water;

 Department of Health; and

 SA Water.

This has allowed the project team:

 Obtain views on key water resource management issues and opportunities that are relevant to Eudunda;

 Determine if there were any additional sources of information or reports that had not been considered;

 Obtain information regarding any current (or future) amendments to legislation, policies, approval processes or codes of practice which may need to be considered in the development of the plan; and

 Determine if there were any opportunities for joint water management.

3.1 Objectives and Measures The objectives for the IWMP, contained in Table 3‐1, have been developed in conjunction with Council based upon their strategic goals and visions for future water management to support town expansion (urban, commercial and industrial) whilst accounting for the social, economic and environmental needs of the region. Strategies are suggested in Table 3‐1 to assist achieving these objectives. Further strategies (or actions) are discussed in Section 5. Being able to measure whether the objectives are being achieved is also an important aspect of the IWMP. Suggested measures are incorporated in Table 3‐1.

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TABLE 3‐1 INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES, STRATEGIES AND MEASURES

Objectives Strategies Measures

(1a) Integrate the management of (i) IWMP adopted by Council. stormwater, wastewater, (ii) IWMP amended on a groundwater and water continual basis as more consumption. information is obtained. 1. Sustainable Total (1b) Integrate land, biodiversity and Water Cycle Management (iii) All new development water management. incorporates WSUD principles (1c) Promote the principles of Water and measures. Sensitive Urban Design through land use planning and building design.

(2a) Protect the environmental (i) Number of water quality values of watercourses to enhance concerns reported. environmental and urban amenity (ii) Compliance with all 2. Protect water quality and biodiversity. relevant licences. and public health (2b) Prevention of pollution of the stormwater system and watercourses.

(3a) Residents, business, industry (i) Target set for Council and Council to conserve River reduction of River Murray Murray water. water use.1 (3b) Sustainable water management (ii) Target set for community 3. Conserve more water through more efficient use of water. reduction of River Murray water. (iii) Monitor and report water consumption

(4a) Provide the best opportunities (i) Number of projects for rainwater, stormwater and undertaken which utilise treated wastewater to be re‐used alternate water supplies. 4. Promote fit for through better methods of water purpose supplies management. (4b) Seek opportunities to increase the uptake of alternate water supplies.

1 Suggested target of 30%, however, this should be determined based on current water use and what is determined to be achievable.

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Objectives Strategies Measures

(5a) Reduce the incidence of local (i) Number of properties flooding. flooded. (5b) Retain more urban runoff. (ii) Number of incidents of (5c) Reduce rate and volume of nuisance reported due to 5. Provide protection runoff. flooding. from flooding (iii) Volume of water able to be detained in stormwater basins. (iv) Increase in uptake of WSUD measures.

(6a) Capture baseline information for (i) Data capture and water consumption, stormwater, monitoring processes wastewater and groundwater. established. 6. Continual (6b) Establish a monitoring and (ii) Baseline water quality of improvement review process to keep the water stormwater and groundwater management program relevant, determined. consultative and effective. (iii) Measure volumes of water used for irrigation.

(7a) Establish a framework for Local (i) Partnerships developed Government to work collaboratively with adjacent councils. on priority water resource (ii) Partnership with Regional management actions to benefit the Development Board 7. Form partnerships region. continued. (7b) Work with business, community (iii) Partnership with the NRM and government agencies for Board. effective water management.

(8a) Involve and educate residents, (i) A community aware of businesses and staff in integrated Council’s environmental water management. initiatives. 8. Educate to encourage (ii) Number of information participation sessions on water management undertaken. (iii) Number of demonstration sites established.

(9a) Adoption of WSUD targets. (i) Review businesses and 9. Develop / promote a (9b) Continue partnership with expanding industry in water ‘water industry’ and the Regional Development Board. management. business of water (ii) Industry use of treated conservation and reuse wastewater.

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4 Current and Potential Water Resources Use and Recommendations This section describes the current and possible future water resources available in the region, including the potential impacts of a mid‐range climate change scenario.

4.1 Water Balance A water balance was undertaken for Eudunda that involved the assessment of all potential water sources and uses. The components of the water balance are described in the sections below. A brief overview of the water balance approach and key assumptions follows. The current water use in Eudunda is summarised in Table 4‐1. The water balance modelling has considered both the use of wastewater and stormwater options. A town water balance was developed to analyse existing and future reuse potential. Potential demands and extraction rates were estimated based on a daily inflow. There is no existing irrigation use data available. Demands were estimated based on SA Water IPOS guidelines values. Waste water inflows were based on a per capita basis with allowances for groundwater ingress during low flow periods.

An existing stormwater harvesting scheme has recently been constructed at the intersection of Burra Eudunda Road and Industry Road with a rising main transferring water along Three Chains Road to the wastewater lagoons. Stormwater yields were estimated using historical rainfall data within a MUSIC model to estimate flows. Transfer rates and volumes from the existing sump to the lagoons is limited by the pump capacity (7.5 L/s) and the small storage area. The maximum daily stormwater yield is 650 kL/day based on the pumping rate. It was assumed that between 20 ‐ 35% of flows would bypass the sump due to the small storage volume.

Existing irrigation demands of the oval and golf course were estimated to be 9.8 ML/a and 0.3 ML/a respectively. Future demands could include expansion of golf course irrigation (18.3 ML/a), Eudunda Bowling club (2.2 ML/a), within the Eudunda School (1.3 ML/a), Centenary Gardens (2.8 ML/a) and the Eudunda Cemetery (2.1 ML/a). The potential total demand is approximately 37 ML/a.

From the rainfall record utilised (20 years from 1990‐2011) and with the current wastewater and stormwater harvesting system configuration, it was estimated that an annual irrigation area of 16 ha could be irrigated with 100% supply reliability. Modelling indicated that the storage lagoon would rarely fall below 30 ML. The irrigation supply reliability decreases to 90% if the irrigation demand is increased to 48 ML/a. This is greatly in excess of the identified potential future demands of 37 ML/a which indicates there may be potential for additional third party users. During drought years, an adaptive management strategy could be implemented, with lower irrigation of some areas, or priority irrigation based on water level triggers and season. For example during years with below average rainfall, under‐irrigation could occur. Stormwater yields were estimated based on available information and within the context of the development of the IWMP. The volume of water runoff depends on the intensity and the duration of the rain event, losses due to wetting of the surfaces and the history of the rainfall prior to the event. Historical rainfall data was used to derive a daily runoff series for the water balance;

12 11105 Integrated Water Management Plan for Eudunda Regional Council of Goyder AWE

evaporation, demand and seepage were evaluated. Irrigation demand values were calculated based on the surface type, average evapotranspiration, average rainfall and use. Runoff from both pervious and impervious surfaces were assessed, to take into account the hydrological response of the different surface types. These high level assessments will need to be supplemented by detailed hydrological calculation and system assessments as part of the detailed design process. Further information on the proposed storage and irrigation locations can be found below. Multiple options were considered for the water balance analysis considering both the demand and yield on a short term and long term basis. Storages including basins and below ground storage tanks were evaluated. The impact of an impermeable liner was considered in the operation of basins. The dimensions that were used were based on estimations of storage areas from site inspections and aerial photography. The impact of climate change on the potential yields and demands has been investigated. The average climate change projections to 2030 has been used with the change in rainfall and evaporation based on a rolling 3 month basis. The climate change effect sees an annual reduction in rainfall and increase in evaporation and average temperature. Climate change affects both irrigation demand and stormwater yields resulting in an average increase in demand and a decrease in supply.

Further discussion on the climate change data can be found in Section 4.6 but the impacts for Eudunda are likely to be minor (in terms of water harvesting).

TABLE 4‐1 CURRENT WATER USE IN EUDUNDA Current Potable Water Current Reuse of Current Reuse of Current use Use (ML/a) Stormwater (ML/a) Wastewater (ML/a) Groundwater (ML/a)

117 <5 26.7 unknown

4.1.1 Anticipated Future Water Demand Increases in the price of mains water, decreasing water allocations and developments incorporating WSUD measures will have an influence on the future water demand in the region. The future water demand reflects the projected growth of the township (see Section 2 and Appendix B).

Irrigation demand satisfied by non potable water sources (e.g. treated stormwater/wastewater) are required to be treated to guideline values. The development and release of the Australian Guidelines for Water Recycling – Managing Health and Environmental Risks (2006, 2008a, 2008b) (which provides a national unified framework for safe and environmentally sustainable reuse of waste waters across Australia), along with the South Australian Environment Protection (Water Quality) Policy, 2003 and South Australian Reclaimed Water Guidelines (1999) describes methods by which reclaimed water can be used in a sustainable manner without imposing undue risks to public health or the environment; and details the performance criteria/treatment levels to which the treated wastewater must meet. Table 4‐2 details the potential future water resource demand in Eudunda. The slight increase in demand is reflective of the anticipated modest growth in the township and the impacts of climate change. Whilst most of the non‐potable water demand could be met with stormwater and wastewater reuse.

11105 Integrated Water Management Plan for Eudunda 13 AWE Regional Council of Goyder

TABLE 4‐2 POTENTIAL FUTURE WATER RESOURCE DEMAND IN EUDUNDA Potable Water Non Potable Water Potable to Non Wastewater Supply Stormwater Supply Demand (ML/a) Demand (ML/a) Potable (ML/a) Volume (ML/a) Volume (ML/a) 133 37 8 32 18

The following sections detail the water resource components of the water balance.

4.2 Potable Water Treated potable water is supplied to the township via an SA Water reticulation main supplied from the Swan Reach‐Yorke Peninsula pipeline. Residential demand is the largest component of community water demand in the township (66.5 ML/a drawn from 272 occupied dwellings) and the major contributor to wastewater. The proportion of households with rainwater tanks and the volume of rainwater utilised is unknown and therefore has not been taken into account in this analysis. Non residential (Industrial, Council reserve and Council building demand) is the second largest component of community water use (31.3 ML/a drawn from 41 tenements) with the existing sports oval being a major user. Commercial demand comprises 2.2 ML/a drawn from 29 tenements.

These figures were derived using the average potable water use over the period 2001‐2010.

The current estimated average daily and peak daily demands are 274kL/day (0.27 ML/day) and 740 kL/day (0.74 ML/day) respectively.

EUDUNDA Current Potable Water Use Commercial 2%

Non‐ Residential (Ind & CL) 31%

Residential 67%

FIGURE 4‐1 CURRENT POTABLE WATER USE IN EUDUNDA

4.2.1 Roof Runoff An individual household can capture sufficient water to be independent from the mains water supply (depending on tank volumes) by capturing roof runoff and storing it in rainwater tanks.

14 11105 Integrated Water Management Plan for Eudunda Regional Council of Goyder AWE

The amount of rainwater (or roof runoff) a property can capture, store and use annually is dependent on factors including:

 The annual rainfall;

 The roof area connected to the tank;

 How much rainwater is used and when it is used; and

 The capacity of the tank. Commercial and industrial buildings can also harvest considerable volumes from roofs even with a low annual rainfall. Rainwater can reduce the demand for mains water if there is frequent drawdown. This process involves using the rainwater as the primary source of water with mains water providing a backup supply. Rainwater tanks used in this way can have an impact on minor flows (less than 1 in 5 ARI) in the downstream drainage system. They will also reduce the total volume of stormwater discharged from allotments and as a result are likely to have some effect in reducing the impact of stormwater on the downstream receiving environment.

Continuing to encourage the installation of rainwater tanks is considered to be appropriate in Eudunda. The current legislated requirement is for a 10,000L tank to be installed for new housing developments and re‐developments. There is the potential for Council to increase this minimum requirement which would increase the potential savings of River Murray water and of the watercourses in and around Eudunda. The suitability of a rainwater tank greater than 10,000L would be site/development dependent.

There is also the potential for council to further encourage the installation and use of rainwater tanks by offering additional rebates to the rebates already available from SA Water.

Recommended Actions

Council consider increasing the storage volumes of rainwater tanks required to be provided as

part of new legislation and / or Development Plan provisions, especially with regard to commercial, industrial and larger scale residential developments.

Council investigate opportunities to encourage installation of rainwater tanks through additional rebates and education of the benefits.

Council review where rainwater tanks can be installed on Council properties and / or opportunities for tanks to be plumbed into Council buildings, where this is not already done.

4.3 Groundwater

4.3.1 Geology and Hydrogeology The township of Eudunda is located within the Adelaide Geosyncline which comprises a thick sequence of variably folded and faulted sedimentary layers. Locally, siltstone of the Tapley Hill Formation and tillite, sandstone and siltstone of the Appila Tillite are present. These sediments are overlain by thin skeletal soils.

11105 Integrated Water Management Plan for Eudunda 15 AWE Regional Council of Goyder

The hydrogeology of the district is characterized by the presence of fractured rock aquifers, generally of low yield (due to low fracture density) and of marginal quality, and are also difficult to predict in terms of the extent of fracturing and distribution of water quality.

Bore hole details are presented in Table 4‐3. A bore hole location plan is provided in Figure 4‐2. In summary:

 12 boreholes were identified and are of unknown purpose apart from 6729‐1079 which is recorded as a drainage bore. It is presumed that the other bores may have been drilled for stock supply purposes;

 Salinities range from 594 mg/L to 6,199 mg/L. The low value is interpreted to be anomalous as it is derived from the drainage bore 6729‐1079. Ignoring this bore the lower salinity recorded limit is 2,141 mg/L;

 The two recorded bore yields are low at 0.25 L/s and 0.3 L/s, and

 Depth to water ranges from 2.03 m below ground level to 22.86 m below ground level and these are highly dependent on topography at the actual bore locations. The above data indicates that groundwater use as a resource would be limited due to low bore yields and marginal to poor quality. The potential for Managed Aquifer Recharge would also be low for the same reasons.

4.4 Water Dependent Ecosystems The following description of the ecological environment within the township of Eudunda study area is drawn from desktop research. Based on the available information, there are no water dependent ecosystems (WDE) within the study area (i.e. the township boundary) or immediately upstream or downstream of the study area.

Eudunda is built to the immediate east of the eastern Mount Lofty Ranges escarpment. Along the escarpment there is a series of easterly sloping alluvial fans draining surface water run‐off from the escarpment. This forms many minor intermittent creeks and low relief drainage lines which ultimately fan out to become ill‐defined and intermittently connected shallow depressions on the plain to the east of Eudunda. There are several minor drainage lines which pass through Eudunda township.

An inspection of existing vegetation mapping (state‐wide floristic data, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, viewed 4th July 2011) does not reveal any mapped intact native vegetation associated with these creeklines. There are no fauna or flora survey sites recorded in the Biological Databases of South Australia for the Eudunda township. All of the fauna and flora survey sites recorded in immediate surrounds of Eudunda list species characteristic of terrestrial ecosystems, rather than water dependent ecosystems. It should be noted that existing desktop mapping does not necessarily record small areas of native vegetation and it is possible that there are occurrences of native species associated with these creeklines.

A literature search has not found any existing detailed study on the connectivity or significance of flow contribution to downstream aquatic ecosystems for any of the creeks which pass through the township of Eudunda. No existing study on the value of local aquatic habitat provided by these creeklines has been found.

16 11105 Integrated Water Management Plan for Eudunda Table 4-3: DES bore hole information Eudunda Late Max drill Max drill open Late open Case min Late Late status MGA MGA Unit No depth date depth date Cased to diam Purpose status date SWL SWL date TDS TDS date pH pH date Yield yield date easting northing 6729-1075 2141 6/11/1914 322683.89 6216222.3 6729-1076 323134.91 6217037.26 6729-1077 16.76 20/09/1961 16.76 20/09/1961 UKN 20/09/1961 323350.87 6216934.27 6729-1078 5.33 21/09/1961 5.33 21/09/1961 UKN 21/09/1961 323399.92 6216880.27 6729-1079 31.09 1/10/1965 31.09 1/10/1965 23.82 152 DRN OPR 22.86 1/10/1965 594 1/10/1965 0.25 1/10/1965 323459.85 6216689.35 6729-1080 3484 5/11/1914 323793.93 6215922.35 6729-1237 18.55 23/03/1984 18.55 23/03/1984 152 13.73 23/03/1984 322475.93 6215439.32 6729-1243 3.35 27/03/1984 3.35 27/03/1984 2.03 27/03/1984 3764 27/03/1984 321358.87 6219071.33 6729-1337 44.84 13/03/1984 44.84 13/03/1984 34.82 13/03/1984 320830.92 6216900.29 6729-1338 12.2 13/03/1984 12.2 13/03/1984 ABD 320532.93 6217680.32 6729-1339 2.38 13/03/1984 2.38 13/03/1984 ABD 320783.91 6217943.28 6729-1361 136 23/05/1985 136 23/05/1985 24 150 6199 22/05/1985 7.5 22/05/1985 0.3 23/05/1985 325006.93 6216173.25

Notes MGA Zone 54 DES search and download on 15/8/2011 - 3km radius search from bore 6729-1079 Figure 1 presents all bores in this table No drillers or lithological logs were available for any of these bores 321000 322000 323000 324000 325000 6220000 6220000

6729-1243

6219000 2.03 mbgl 6219000 3,764 mg/L 3.35 mbgl

6729-1339

6218000 2.38 mbgl 6218000 Abandoned

6729-1338 6729-1077 12.2 mbgl 6729-1076 na Abandoned na na na 16.76 mbgl na 6729-1337 6729-1079 6217000 6217000 34.8 mbgl 6729-1078 22.86 mbgl na na /" 594 mg/L 44.84 mbgl na " Eudunda 31.09 mbgl 5.33 mbgl 6729-1361 6729-1075 na 2,141 mg/L 6729-1080 na

6216000 6,199 mg/L 6216000 na na 3,484 mg/L 136 mbgl na 6729-1237 13.73 mbgl na 18.55 mbgl 6215000 6215000 6214000 6214000

6213000 321000 322000 323000 324000 325000 6213000

LEGEND 00.51 Eudunda DES bore hole 2.03 mbgl Standing water level Kilometres PORT AUGUSTA 3,764 mg/L Salinity (TDS) !( SOUTH AUSTRALIA 3.35 mbgl Maximum drill depth NEW SOU /" Drainage bore WALE Australian !( PORT PIRIE Drainage WATER !( BURRA Eudunda Study Extent Environments

!( BERRI EUDUNDA !( Cadastre !( GAWLER Data Source: ADELAIDE !( Cadastre supplied by SA Water; Drainage created IntegratedIntegrated WaterWater ManagementManagement by Australian Water Environments (AWE) from !( aerial photography and contours (5m interval) PlanPlan forfor BurraBurra andand EudundaEudunda

GOOLWA VICTORIA supplied by Dept of Water, Land & Biodiversity Conservation (DWLBC); Study Area created by AWE from Landuse map supplied by Goyder Eudunda Groundwater Council. Borehole Location Plan ROBE !(

Job No. 11105 D011 Figure 4-2 110816 Regional Council of Goyder AWE

An on‐ground inspection may therefore be required to support the approvals process for any proposed management actions with the potential to impact water quality or flow volume.

Recommended Actions

Undertake an on‐ground inspection to support the approvals process for any proposed

management action with the potential to impact on water quality or flow volume.

4.5 Stormwater Stormwater is a significant issue in Eudunda, with regular and damaging flooding events occurring within the township. A number of natural features contribute to this issue, including the topography and limited formal drainage network. Recent stormwater management investigations have identified the flooding issues within the township and recommended mitigation strategies. The following outlines the existing stormwater catchments, infrastructure, potential harvesting opportunities and recommended actions which still need to be implemented.

4.5.1 Surface Drainage and Watercourses Eudunda has two (2) dominant major catchments. The delineation between the catchments is approximately at South Terrace, with discharges towards to the north and south east.

4.5.2 Existing Stormwater Infrastructure There is limited underground drainage within the township, with most of the flows conveyed along roadways or open channels. A stormwater harvesting scheme captures runoff from the northern Eudunda catchment, which then discharges, via a rising main, to the effluent storage ponds south of the township.

The majority of the southern Eudunda stormwater is conveyed along kerbs or open channels. A short piped section starts through a vacant lot on Weigall Street and discharges within the Viterra grain silo facility. An open channel is located adjacent to the Kapunda‐Morgan Main Road. A second channel has been constructed to the south of South Terrace. This flows south of the township to a basin adjacent to the golf course.

The northern catchment includes a large rural catchment to the west, where a detention basin has been recently constructed. This detention basin has suffered a major failure during a recent high flow event. Remediation of this basin is a high priority due to the risk of a catastrophic dam break in a future flood event and on public safety grounds. From this basin, flow is directed through a culvert beneath the old railway line. This flows through an open channel within a drainage easement to Bruce Street (via Drain E) where stormwater is conveyed in a concrete lined channel running parallel to the roadway. Underground drainage is located along Hannan Street which discharges to the open channel along Bruce Street. There is currently one stormwater harvesting system in Eudunda, however the extent of reuse is currently unclear. The current scheme is located at junction of Eudunda Road/ Three Chains Road/ Industry road

11105 Integrated Water Management Plan for Eudunda 19 AWE Regional Council of Goyder

The last storms choked up the intake gratings and it failed to collect significant volumes of water and Council now have to reconstruct with riprap and plants around the intake to prevent silting. That work will commence shortly and should minimise the occurrence of future failures. The WWTP lagoon has sensor to prevent stormwater intake when levels are such that dam overtopping is imminent. An additional lagoon may be required in future to increase the stormwater harvesting potential, but more irrigation areas will be required to justify the capital cost.

4.5.3 Stormwater Management Options Eudunda has previously had a stormwater management study undertaken in 2005. Several of the recommendations from the study have been implemented. The culverts under South Terrace from the eastern catchment are under capacity as is the contour drain just south of South Terrace. Works are required to provide additional capacity for the culverts and channel. Detention within the old railway dam adjacent to the golf course would reduce peak flows through the southern areas of the township. There is potential to provide some reuse from this basin on an opportunistic basis, however the basins is primary function is to act as detention basin to mitigate flow.

There are several overland flow paths through privately owned property. Providing formal drainage easements through these areas will aid in the management of stormwater runoff.

There is insufficient capacity to convey all flows in a major storm event along the Gunn Street/Bruce Street. Providing an underground drainage network would increase the conveyance capacity during a major event. Providing an underground system would also reduce nuisance flooding which occurs during minor events. Alternatively, the roads through this area have a steep camber and regrading the road would provide additional conveyance capacity. However this option is not as cost effective and underground flows for minor events is not achieved.

The detention basin constructed upstream of the railway line experienced a piping failure during the February/March 2011 extreme rainfall events. Repair of this will need to be undertaken.

4.5.4 Stormwater Harvesting Opportunities The existing harvesting scheme collects stormwater from the northern catchment and discharges to the storage lagoons. No data of discharge to the lagoons has so far been collected. Estimates based on catchment runoff and pumping rates suggest that between 40‐50 ML/a could be harvested. However, this will be limited by several factors including the availability of storage at the wastewater lagoons. The stormwater harvesting basin has limited storage volume, it is expected that a significant volume of stormwater currently bypasses the basin. Storage must be available within the wastewater ponds to prevent overtopping at this location.

There is a potential stormwater harvesting opportunity within golf course at south end of Ayr Street which captures stormwater from diversion channel south of junction of South Terrace/ Bruce Street. This dam is not actively used at present but the larger former railway dam may in the future be used to mitigate the stormwater flow from the northwest. It is understood that investigations are underway into the sizing of the culvert and channel design servicing these dams and beyond. Stormwater harvesting could be investigated in the future if there is an increase in demand which could be met by this supply.

20 11105 Integrated Water Management Plan for Eudunda Regional Council of Goyder AWE

4.5.5 Stormwater Quality Within any catchment, particular activities and types of development are likely to generate higher than average pollutant loads. The following provides a broad identification of key land uses and activities that are likely to constitute higher than average pollutant sources to stormwater:

 Construction sites;

 Car parks;

 Major transport centres;

 Industrial sites; and

 Horticultural sites. An integrated approach is required to manage pollutants from these land uses and activities. There is currently no local data/information available with regard to the stormwater quality and the potential risk that it poses to the watercourses, groundwater resource, Water Dependent Ecosystems (WDE) and other users (e.g. potable water supplies) in the region. A risk analysis of indicates that turbidity, nutrients (e.g. nitrate) and heavy metal hazards are key water quality issues relating to the discharge of township stormwater to the receiving environments in the region. Based on the water quality objectives for ecosystem health (contained within the Environment Protection (Water Quality) Policy 2003), the concentration of pollutants entering the receiving environments could exceed the water quality objectives (principally associated with storm events). Consequently, installation of stormwater treatments measures (via WSUD, swales, detention basins etc) is recommended.

Due to the relative lack of data, it is recommended that a supplementary program of analysis of stormwater quality in existing detention basins be developed and subsequently undertaken at various times throughout the year to obtain further baseline information.

Opportunities identified to manage and improve stormwater quality within the Regional Council of Goyder include:

 Installation of Gross Pollutant Traps (GPTs);

 Construction of wetlands/bioretention systems;

 Education campaigns; and

 Provision of guidance materials to developers (such as EPA handbook for building sites).

Recommended Actions

Sealing all roads and providing sealed or kerbed verges and formalised drainage easements/reserves over existing water courses through private land; Rectification of detention basin upstream of Drain E (west of railway embankment). Design upgrade of the contour channel and culverts at South Terrace to mitigate flood risk. Ensure all stormwater harvesting opportunities would comply with the relevant legislation.

11105 Integrated Water Management Plan for Eudunda 21

Figure 4-3 VICTORIA WALES NEW SOUTH NEW Flooding Bund and Harvesting Detention Irrigation ! ( BERRI Concrete Channel Concrete Main WW Rising Reclaimed Stormwater Rising Main Pipe Underground Water Mains - SA Water Sewer Raising Main Culvert Drainage 1 Issues Pipes BURRA ! ( ! ( GAWLER ! ( ! ( Eudunda SOUTH AUSTRALIA ! ( GOOLWA EUDUNDA PORT PIRIE ! ( Metres (scale 1:12,000 Sheet A3) ADELAIDE ! ( WATER Australian Environments for Burra and Eudunda Burra and for for Burra and Eudunda Burra and for Existing Catchment, Wastewater and Wastewater Catchment, Existing Integrated Water Management Water Integrated Plan Integrated Water Management Water Integrated Plan PORT AUGUSTA Stormwater Pump Station Pump Stormwater WW Pump Station Potable Water Tank - SA Water Reclaimed Water Tank WWTP Tank Intermediate Major Cadastre Plant Treatment Wastwater Basin Capture Stormwater Stormwater Detention Basin Gully Erosion Damage 0 200 400 600 800 " M " M k j k j k j

LEGEND Infrastructure notes: (see RED numbers) issues. of flood area Existing 1. 2. Redesign of existing contour bund. basin. detention of Rectification 3. 4. Potential stormwater detention and harvesting at golfcourse dam. areas. irrigation additional Potential 5. 6. Monitoring use and Quality. Water Tanks and PumpingTanks Stations Data Source: Water; by SA (2003) supplied and Cadastre Contours Earth; Google from obtained (2005) Photography Aerial Basin, Capture Stormwater Plant, Treatment Wastewater Culverts, Pipes, Stations, Pumping and Tanks Environments Water Australian by created Drainage and Damage Erosion Gully Basin, Detention Stormwater photography. and survey aerial field from (AWE) Contour: 10m interval Contour: Stormwater Infrastructure Flooding Issues in Eudunda in Issues Flooding Infrastructure Stormwater

6218000 6217500 6217000 6216500 6216000

7 3

0 0

7 7

3 3 325000 325000

3 1 6

5 0 k j k j 9 Cemetary 3

324500 0 324500

0 3 0 9

3 3 1 1

0 9 3 5 0 Oval School

2 Existing 324000 4 1 324000 1 k j Oval Town Existing

1 4 5 Oval School

Existing 1

0 " M

43 1

0 1

4 1 " M 1

8 1 2

3 323500 323500 4

" M 20

" M 4 " M

0 4 4

1 2

0 0

5 4 1 0 43 0 44

0 0 4 4

4 4 1

3 1 1

1 1

323000 323000 1 1

410

0 6 4

400 0 0

1 4 1 410 322500 322500

0 0 2

1 4

3 4 0 1 4 4 20

4 k 0 j 8 4

30 4

450

0 60 0

3 4 48

4 0

0 1

44 46

6218000 6217500 6217000 6216500 6216000 Job No. 11105 - 013 110817 Regional Council of Goyder AWE

4.5.6 Wastewater The Community Wastewater Management Scheme (CWMS) in Eudunda has recently been upgraded with the addition of a new Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), and 15 ML storage lagoon at the site of the existing facultative lagoons. The upgrade provides the town with the capacity to reuse its wastewater for irrigation and fit for purpose uses, such as the town oval, golf course, and a small area in Centenary Gardens, which are currently irrigated with reclaimed water. The WWTP, installed and operated by Alano Water, treats an estimated 27 ML/a of primary effluent from the CWMS through a continuous flow Clarifier and Chlorinator. The treated effluent is pumped to storage tanks located in the golf course, where separate irrigation pumps deliver water to each of the irrigation systems. The treatment process produces water of Class B quality which, subject to various quality and management conditions, is suitable for surface irrigation. A new rising main connecting the pump station at the north of the town, along Three Chain Road and Heron Road to the WWTP, has been installed so that all properties within the township are connected to the new system. Effluent from each Septic Tank is collected by gravity drains into 3 pump stations, and pumped to the existing treatment lagoon at the south east of the town. The new rising main will also allow future growth in the north of the town to be accommodated.

The wastewater inflow and treated water outflow data from the WWTP has not been available for this report, and it is understood that due to the recent upgrade works, this source data has yet to be captured. It is understood that current monitoring consists primarily of visual estimates of water levels in the treatment lagoon, to determine available volumes for irrigation.

Two Emco electromagnetic flow meters (Magflo) installed on the inlet and outlet of the WWTP pump manifold will allow flows to be monitored. This data would assist Council to better manage water reuse and analyse scheme performance.

The estimate of volumes of treated wastewater that would be available for reuse is based on a current estimated permanent population of 6412.From this population it is estimated that the Eudunda WWTP produces approximately 26.7 ML/a of Class B water. This volume has been derived from the following water balance.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Inflow to Treatment Lagoon (kL) 2782 2513 2782 2692 2782 3096 3199 3199 3096 3199 2692 2782 34815

Surface Area (m²) 4500 4500 4500 4500 4500 4500 4500 4500 4500 4500 4500 4500 Evaporation (mm) 300 289 273 139 108 60 49 94 138 190 282 328 2250

Rainfall (mm) 27 19 18 31 44 49 60 56 50 42 26 25 447 Evaporation Gain/Loss (mm) 1229 1215 1148 486 288 50 ‐50 171 396 666 1152 1364 8114 Water Available for Irrigation (kL) 1553 1298 1634 2206 2494 3047 3249 3028 2700 2533 1540 1418 26701 Treated Wastewater Available for Irrigation in 2036 (kL) ‐ No climate change factoring 32366

2 2006 ABS Census data

11105 Integrated Water Management Plan for Eudunda 23 AWE Regional Council of Goyder

Wastewater inflows are based on an average daily wastewater demand of 140L per person (Department of Health: Onsite Wastewater Systems Code), with an additional nominal allowance of 15% (shown in darker shading) to account for winter flows (June‐October). The water balance also includes an allowance for a projected population growth of around 21% by 2036, to 777 people. This will result in the production of 32.4kL/d of reclaimed wastewater, which is an additional 4.7ML/a. It is understood that the treated wastewater is fully utilised for irrigation of the oval and golf course the irrigation season. During the winter months, when irrigation is not necessary, wastewater can be stored in the lagoon. This would amount to approximately 12 ML over the four months (May to August). Stormwater is harvested in the north of the town, and pumped to the storage lagoon. The addition of stormwater to the wastewater lagoon dilutes the effluent, and has the added advantage of reducing the overall salt level in the dam, which is a significant advantage to water quality. The volume of stormwater that can be harvested has been estimated to be between 550 ‐ 850kL/a (HDS ‐ Eudunda Stormwater Harvesting Sept 2007). A water balance model of inflows to the storage lagoon has been developed which assessed both the existing capacity of the storage system, and future capacity for additional harvesting. The analysis indicates that, with the current addition of stormwater, the lagoon storage would be likely to have infrequent overflows. It is understood that this surplus water is currently irrigated on demand, even outside of the irrigation season. There may be opportunities to extend the irrigation system to additional locations, such as the school, cemetery, and other town gardens and reserves, and expand irrigation within the golf course. With more detailed information on the available volumes through metering, together with appropriate winter storage facilities it is highly likely that irrigation can be expanded.

Recommended Actions

Undertake monitoring of the wastewater and irrigation scheme to determine current and future performance requirements, and provide data on water use for future planning and water security;

Investigate additional reuse opportunities for treated wastewater (third party users), including increase public open space irrigation, and/or commercial opportunities such as market gardens.

24 11105 Integrated Water Management Plan for Eudunda Regional Council of Goyder AWE

4.6 Climate Change Impacts Climate change impacts on the water balance were estimated by increasing the demand from irrigated areas with higher evapotranspiration and lower rainfall. The supply is also decreased with low rainfall resulting in lower runoff and increased evaporation from open storages. The climate change scenarios adopted as part of this IWMP was a “mid level’ drying scenario. The details of this scenario are described in Appendix B. For the purpose of assessing the impact of climate change on the water balance of Eudunda, climate was altered on a month by month basis within the model. A three month, rolling average climate change value for each month was used in the analysis.

TABLE 4‐4 MONTHLY CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIO DATA

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature change from 0.86 0.82 0.79 0.76 0.72 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.74 0.82 0.9 0.91 current (degrees C) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Rainfall change from current ‐0.8 2.1 0.93 ‐0.5 1.3 0.4 2.8 0.0 ‐3.0 ‐7.8 ‐9.5 ‐4.4 (%) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Evaporation change from 2.3 3.5 3.5 3.3 2.6 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.4 0.7 1.4 current (mm)

Typically the climate change scenario results in a small change in the runoff from a catchment, typically in the order of 2‐4%. There are modest increases in irrigation demand typically around 1%, There are also small decreases in the volume supplied and reliably, around 2%.

This represents a small consistent reduction in reduction in yield. Generally the variation between years is greater than a general reduction in rainfall.

If future increases in temperature/evaporation and reductions in rainfall continue, then more extreme scenarios will have a larger effect on the operation and viability of reuse options.

11105 Integrated Water Management Plan for Eudunda 25 AWE Regional Council of Goyder

5 Implementation Plan

5.1 Overview The Implementation Plan clearly sets out the activities that Council can undertake to achieve the objectives of the IWMP. Recommended Actions/Strategic Directions have been included for both the Council sector and the Community sector (residential, industrial and commercial activities). The Plan therefore recommends that Council commit resources to improving its own organisational environmental performance, as well as implementing projects in the community sector. The implementation plan incorporates a priority system where a priority ranking is assigned to each identified action. The rankings are defined and described in Table 5‐1.

TABLE 5‐1 DESCRIPTION OF PRIORITY RANKINGS

Priority Ranking Explanation

To be undertaken as soon as practicable. Actions: . Are funded or require funding as a matter of urgency H High . Will result in multiple objectives being achieved (social, environmental and economic) To be undertaken once the high priority actions are completed or if external funds or resources are available. Actions: M Medium . Should be funded during the implementation of the plan . Will result in positive environmental outcomes and may have other benefits To be undertaken as part of normal business processes or through a minor change to process. Actions: Business BP . Can be carried out as part of existing budgets and workload Process . Will result in a change to existing services, processes or activities and will have no or marginal impact on workload

The Implementation Plan provides detail on each of the actions. Possible partnerships have been assigned to each action along with a suggested timeframe and where appropriate (and possible), an estimated budget for implementation. The implementation plan has grouped the Recommended Actions/Strategic Directions into the following:

 1‐5 year horizon, or Immediate Actions;

 5‐10 year horizon, or Intermediate Actions; and

 10‐30 year horizon or Long Term/Strategic Actions.

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They have also been grouped into Eudunda specific actions and recommended actions which are relevant to both Eudunda and the whole Council region. The regional recommendations have been identified from a range of investigations associated with Eudunda as well as Burra and other regional towns in neighbouring Council areas. It would be inefficient to implement these recommendations for Eudunda alone but collectively with other towns they would be worthwhile. The Recommended Actions are mapped in Appendix C.

5.2 Immediate Recommended Actions Based upon the review of the current and future demands of Eudunda (and the community) and the opportunities with regards to the range of possible water sources to meet those demands, a range of recommended actions have been proposed in Table 5‐2 and 5‐3 for the next one to five years, which are described below.

5.2.1 Eudunda

5.2.1.1 Recommended Action E1: Metering and Monitoring Undertake monitoring of the wastewater, stormwater and irrigation scheme to validate assumptions regarding water availability and usage. Determine current and future performance requirements, and provide data on water use for future planning and water security;

5.2.1.2 Recommended Action E2: Mandate Wastewater Connection All future development in Eudunda to be connected to the CWMS scheme.

5.2.1.3 Recommended Action E3: Implement Selected Actions from Stormwater Management Plan The Stormwater Management Plan previously produced for Eudunda provided direction for the implementation of priority actions to assist in the reduction of flooding in the township of Eudunda. Many of these actions have been undertaken and it is recommended that the remaining key recommendations are acted upon in the short term.

5.2.1.4 Recommended Action E4: Sealing and Kerbing of Roads Complete the sealing and kerbing of all roads and provide formalised drainage easements/reserves over existing water courses through private land.

5.2.1.5 Recommended Action E5: Detention Basin Rectification Rectification of detention basin upstream of Drain E. Currently, the dam poses a high risk of catastrophic failure if a major storm event were to occur in the near future.

5.2.1.6 Recommended Action E6: Potential Third Party Users Investigate additional reuse opportunities for treated wastewater (third party users), including increase public open space irrigation, and/or commercial opportunities such as market gardens as even with proposed expansion of the irrigation scheme there appears to be additional supply capacity for further users.

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5.2.2 Regional The following recommended actions are relevant for the Regional Council of Goyder to proceed within entire Council area, including Eudunda.

5.2.2.1 Recommended Action R1: Discussion with Stormwater Management Authority Application may be made to the Stormwater Management Authority (SMA) for funding towards the production of Stormwater Management Plans and stormwater infrastructure works (including associated technical investigations and land acquisition). Projects must demonstrate a significant flood mitigation component as well as addressing, wherever practicable, value adding opportunities such as stormwater reuse and water quality enhancements to be eligible for funding from the Stormwater Management Fund. Discussions should be held with the appropriate officer of the SMA regarding the application process. The aims of the discussion would be gain an understanding of the priorities and willingness of the SMA to fund the Stormwater Management Plan and to clarify the practical components of the application process. Clarification of the application process will inform the scope of works for the Stormwater Management Plan in particular the format and content of the application.

5.2.2.2 Recommended Action R2: Complete a Corporate Water Consumption Inventory / Audit In order to identify actions to reduce the water consumption of the region, particularly with respect to Eudunda, it is important to understand how much water is used, where, by whom and how.

It is therefore recommended that an audit of the water usage at various Council properties be conducted in the first instance. An audit can range from a broad overview to a detailed study. The following steps provide an example of how an understanding can be obtained of the water usage:

 Obtain information from SA Water regarding water consumption (annual water usage data has been obtained from SA Water however quarterly data should be obtained if possible). Sudden or gradual increases in water use may indicate leakage.

 Identify equipment and practices that waste water.

 Identify the water intensive areas of the buildings to target specific areas of high consumption.

 Investigate seasonal trends in water usage. Through the audit process a range of opportunities will be identified. These water conservation and water reuse opportunities should then be prioritised and actions put in place which will help achieve water conservation objectives and targets for the Council.

5.2.2.3 Recommended Action R3: Council Website Review and Update A range of communication methods can be utilised to promote environmental sustainability, including integrated water management. The Council’s website is an ideal forum to promote the work that Council is undertaking with regards to sustainable water management and also to provide information sources to residents and industries. The website can be utilised for educational purposes as discussed below.

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It is therefore recommended that a review of the Council website be undertaken and information included, where relevant, regarding Integrated Water Resources Management.

5.2.2.4 Recommended Action R4: Environmental Awareness Education Raising awareness is one of the most cost effective and sustainable methods to save water. Education and incentive schemes can be used to encourage the uptake of water conservation practices and technologies. There are a range of methods to engage people through education and communication – from informal learning and engaging activities (often hands‐on) to professional development and continuing education, formal education, presentations, performances, information, artwork and media. Available funds will influence the methods that are used. To be successful, programs must be tailored as different people have different understandings of water and their environment. They will also have different ways and different amounts of time and resources that they can contribute to learning about water conservation. There are already a number of community water conservation programs run by government agencies such as SA Water, the EPA, WaterWise, WaterCare and the NRM Boards.

It is therefore recommended that environmental education awareness be commenced over the next 12 months with Council staff and elected members which will assist in achieving the other actions (and associated objectives and targets) proposed.

5.2.2.5 Recommended Action R5: Environmental Officer The Integrated Water Management Plan will set the framework and actions for sustainable water management for the long term. The IWMP should be seen as a living document that will require updating and re‐evaluating as information is gained and targets are being achieved.

It is recommended that to ensure the Plan (and its associated actions) achieve the desired outcomes, a review be undertaken to determine if a dedicated position is warranted to undertake a range of tasks, including implementation of the IWMP and / or if it may be feasible for a position to be created which is shared between a number of adjacent Council areas.

5.2.2.6 Recommended Action R6: Establish a Maintenance Program for Stormwater Infrastructure A maintenance program should be established for the existing stormwater management system in the Eudunda. This management plan should consider both the formal underground system components and the known informal flow paths which have posed a problem in the past.

The content of the maintenance plan should be informed by the problems experienced in the system in the past and the measures the Council has found effective in other similar locations. The maintenance plan should be mindful of the higher risk periods for large flow events based on historic experience (i.e. historic destructive rainfall events have occurred in summer months and, as such, cleaning of blockages of debris etc from the stormwater system at the end of winter may be useful in addition to works prior to the wet period in winter). The maintenance plan should also consider the need for emergency maintenance and inspections in response to large rainfall events or heavy rainfall / storm warnings. This type of maintenance may include the removal of debris and sediment from key locations within the stormwater management

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system when blockages are increasing the residence time of floodwaters within the township. Action of this type may reduce the damage and hazard caused by pooled floodwaters after large events.

5.2.2.7 Recommended Action R7: Review of Plant Species on Council Properties Application of Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) principles to landscape design aims to perform the following functions:

 Maximising the survival of plants during periods of low rainfall;

 Conserving an effective vegetation cover for WSUD measures that incorporate vegetation such as drainage needs and filter strips; and

 Enhancing biodiversity and habitat values by giving preference to locally indigenous plant species. It is therefore recommended that a review of plant species on Council properties be undertaken to determine if landscaping practices can be improved including replanting with locally indigenous plant species to achieve the above outcomes where possible.

5.2.2.8 Recommended Action R8: Irrigation Practice Review Many environmental hazards can be concentrated in the soil, being stripped out of the water as it moves through the soil matrix. Salinisation of soils is one of the most difficult environmental consequences of irrigation to ameliorate. Thus, soil analysis is essential to verify that the soil continues to remain fit for its intended use, and that it is appropriate for sustainable land use. Soil sampling results help to ensure that detrimental changes in the soil environment are identified at an early stage, thus minimising or preventing effects on vegetation, surface and groundwater. This is particularly important at the oval due to the level of salinity in the groundwater that is being used to irrigate the oval.

Through more efficient irrigation practices there is the opportunity to reduce water consumption in Eudunda as well as ensure the ability to irrigate in the long term (i.e. by maintaining the health of the soil structure and turf).

It is recommended that the key principles in the Irrigated Public Open Space Code of Practice (2008) be followed to ensure that irrigation in Eudunda is undertaken sustainably including:

 Undertake an audit of irrigation systems to ensure the system is functioning correctly;

 Implement a horticultural management and maintenance program to maintain soil structures and ensure turf has adequate nutrients;

 Determine the baseline irrigation requirement using long term average climatic data to set a monthly irrigation schedule; and

 Monitor irrigation consumption against irrigation requirements and report on irrigation efficiency and turf quality.

5.2.2.9 Recommended Action R9: Water Dependent/Native Ecosystem Assessments Undertake on‐ground survey of potential sites to be impacted via IWMP recommendations to document any native vegetation present its condition and its habitat value.

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5.2.2.10 Recommended Action R10: Development of a Stormwater Management Plan for Regional Council of Goyder Towns It is recommended that a standalone Stormwater Management Plan be developed to ensure the management of stormwater in the future is integrated. The plan will also provide valuable guidance on onsite stormwater management requirements to be integrated into the development application process.

A stormwater management plan is of particular importance in areas where residential development is expected to increase. As such, the plan should be completed after the current planning review is complete. Funding is available for completing a Stormwater Management Plan from the Stormwater Management Authority (SMA). If appropriate, application should be made to the SMA for funds to development the Stormwater Management Plan. The outcomes of the Stormwater Management Plan will provide information for further applications for funding to complete works. The development of a Stormwater Management Plan should be informed by discussions with the SMA. The Stormwater Management Plan would be also informed by the survey of the town. The scope of the development of the Stormwater Management Plan should include:

 The content as required by the Stormwater Management Planning Guidelines (Stormwater Management Authority, 2007). It is envisaged that some of these aspects have been addressed in this Plan;

 Modelling of the catchments feeding the town, the existing stormwater network and drainage lines and any proposed upgrades or additional infrastructure. The modelling will inform detailed design, negotiations with DTEI regarding funding contributions and works, the level of risk and magnitude of the hazard posed under the existing conditions and proposed designs for problem areas;

 Detailed design including drawings for any additional infrastructure, including road alignment changes, detention basins, treatment devices and expansion of the existing stormwater network;

 Detailed costing of the proposed works. The presentation of the costing information should be consistent with the requirements of the SMA for further funding applications;

 Consultation with landholders regarding the construction, maintenance and access to stormwater management devices on private land;

 Recommendations on the prioritisation of infrastructure works and further planning related tasks;

 Recommendations for policies for new development areas including on site stormwater management, identification of areas or land parcels that are well placed to be used for future stormwater management; and

 Consideration of the magnitude and location of increases in development.

5.2.2.11 Recommended Action R11: Investigate Rainwater Tank Storage Increase

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Council consider increasing the storage volumes of rainwater tanks required to be provided as part of new legislation and / or Development Plan provisions, especially with regard to commercial, industrial and larger scale residential developments

5.2.2.12 Recommended Action R12: Investigate Additional Rainwater Tank Rebates Council investigate opportunities to encourage installation of rainwater tanks through additional rebates and education of the benefits.

5.2.2.13 Recommended Action R13: Investigate Installation and Plumbing of Rainwater Tanks into Council Properties Council review where rainwater tanks can be installed on Council properties and / or opportunities for tanks to be plumbed into Council buildings, where this is not already done.

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TABLE 5‐2 IMMEDIATE IWMP RECOMMENDED ACTIONS FOR THE NEXT 1‐5 YEARS: EUDUNDA

Action Action Description Priority Contributes to Potential Partnerships Estimated Costing Timeframe & Number Objective: Process

SA MDB NRM Board, EPA, E1 Metering and Monitoring H 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 $5,000 2012 DoH

Mandate Wastewater SA MDB NRM Board, EPA, E2 M 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 N/A 2012 Systems DoH

Implement Stormwater SMA, LGA, SA MDB NRM E3 Management Plan H 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 See Table 5‐3 2012 Board Recommendations

Sealing and Kerbing of SMA, LGA, SA MDB NRM E4 M 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9 $100,000 2012 ‐ 2015 Roads Board

Detention Basin E5 H 1, 2, 5, 6 LGA, SA MDB NRM Board $80,000 2012 Rectification

Investigate Potential Third LGA, SA MDB NRM Board, E6 M 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9 N/A 2012 ‐ 2015 Party Users EPA, DoH

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TABLE 5‐3 IMMEDIATE IWMP RECOMMENDED ACTIONS FOR THE NEXT 1‐5 YEARS: REGIONAL

Action Action Description Priority Contributes to Potential Partnerships Estimated Costing Timeframe & Number Objective: Process

Discussion with Stormwater R1 H 2, 4, 7 N/A Internal 2012 Management Authority

Complete a Corporate R2 Water Consumption M 1, 3, 4, 6 N/A To Be Determined 2011/12 Inventory / Audit

Council Website Review and R3 M 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 Community TBD 2011/12 Update

Mid‐Murray, Clare and Gilbert Valleys, Environmental Awareness Northern Areas, R4 H 6, 7, 8, 9 TBD 2012 Education Peterborough, Light LG’s; SA MDB NRM Board; NYNRMB

Mid‐Murray, Clare and Gilbert Valleys, Northern Areas, R5 Environmental Officer H 6, 7, 8, 9 TBD 2012 Peterborough, Light LG’s; SA MDB NRM Board; NYNRMB

SA MDB NRM Board, R6 Establish a Maintenance H 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 Internal 2014 Program for Stormwater EPA

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Action Action Description Priority Contributes to Potential Partnerships Estimated Costing Timeframe & Number Objective: Process

Infrastructure

Review of Plant Species on DENR, SA MDB NRM R7 H 3, 6, 8 $20,000 2014 Council Properties Board

R8 Irrigation Practice Review H 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 SA MDB NRM Board $10,000 2011/12

Water Dependent/Native DENR, SA MDB NRM R9 H 2, 6 $30,000 2013 Ecosystem Assessments Board

Development of a Stormwater Management SMA, LGA, SA MDB NRM R10 H 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 $150,000 2011/12 Plan for Regional Council of Board Goyder Towns

Investigate Rainwater Tank R11 M 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 SA MDB NRM Board Internal 2012 Storage Increase

Investigate Additional R12 BP 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 SA MDB NRM Board Internal 2013/14 Rainwater Tank Rebates

Investigate Installation and Plumbing of Rainwater SA MDB NRM Board, DoH, R13 M 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Internal 2012 Tanks into Council EPA Properties

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5.3 Intermediate Actions Based upon the review of the current and future demands of Eudunda (and the community) and the opportunities with regards to the range of possible water sources to meet those demands, a range of actions have been proposed in Table 5‐4 to 5‐5 for the next five to ten years. A number of these actions are described below.

5.3.1 Eudunda

5.3.1.1 Recommended Action E7: Review Potential for Stormwater Harvesting In addition to the current stormwater harvesting scheme, if there is sufficient demand that exceeds the existing water availability then there may be potential to increase the stormwater harvesting scheme to harvest runoff from within the golf course. This will be dependent upon wastewater, stormwater and irrigation monitoring outcomes.

5.3.2 Regional

5.3.2.1 Recommended Action R14: Incorporate Integrated Water Management Objectives in Council Strategic Plan The Regional Council of Goyder Strategic Management Plan provides the overarching planning framework, vision, goals and future directions to guide Council’s priorities, project and investment. The purpose of the Strategic Management Plan is to provide for the management of the Council area.

The Strategic Management Plan contains a number of references to environmental sustainability and water management, however, it is recommended that when the Strategic Management Plan is reviewed, that the objectives of the IWMP are taken into account and that water management principles are incorporated in the plan.

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TABLE 5‐4 INTERMEDIATE IWMP RECOMMENDED ACTIONS FOR THE NEXT 5‐10 YEARS: EUDUNDA

Action Action Description Priority Contributes to Potential Partnerships Estimated Costing Timeframe & Number Objective: Process

Review Potential LGA, SMA, SA MDB NRM E7 M 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9 $15,000 2020 Stormwater Harvesting Board

TABLE 5‐5 INTERMEDIATE IWMP RECOMMENDED ACTIONS FOR THE NEXT 5‐10 YEARS: REGIONAL

Action Action Description Priority Contributes to Potential Partnerships Estimated Costing Timeframe & Number Objective: Process

Incorporate Integrated Water Management R14 H 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Internal 2015 Objectives in Council Strategic Plan

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5.4 Strategic and Long Term Actions Based upon the review of the current and future demands of Eudunda (and the community) and the opportunities with regards to the range of possible water sources to meet those demands, a range of actions have been proposed in Table 5‐6 for the next ten to thirty years.

5.4.1 Eudunda

5.4.1.1 Recommended Action E8: Review Monitoring Data and Update IWMP Undertake a detailed review of metered data obtained from the wastewater and stormwater system and irrigation demand. This would be to verify the water resource availability assumptions of the IWMP. It would be recommended to update the IWMP at that time based on this new information.

5.4.2 Regional

5.4.2.1 Recommended Action R15: Ensure that reliance on the River Murray is reduced through undertaking actions in this plan and reviewing and updating plan

5.4.2.2 Recommended Action R16: Support and encourage community based groups regarding environment protection and conservation

5.4.2.3 Recommended Action R17: Develop appropriate locations across the Council area as water management demonstration sites

5.4.2.4 Recommended Action R18: Regularly review development principles for environmental sustainability and provide clear information for developers on environmental design criteria

5.4.2.5 Recommended Action R19: Ensure the exchange of environmental ideas and information across Local Government

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TABLE 5‐6 STRATEGIC AND LONG TERM IWMP RECOMMENDED ACTIONS FOR THE NEXT 10‐30 YEARS: EUDUNDA

Action Action Description Priority Contributes to Potential Partnerships Estimated Costing Timeframe & Number Objective: Process

Review Monitoring Data and DoH, EPA, SA MDB NRM E8 M 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9 $30,000 2025 Update IWMP Board

TABLE 5‐7 STRATEGIC AND LONG TERM IWMP RECOMMENDED ACTIONS FOR THE NEXT 10‐30 YEARS: REGIONAL

Action Action Description Priority Contributes to Potential Partnerships Estimated Costing Timeframe & Number Objective: Process

Reduce Water Allocation R15 H 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 Ongoing Reliance

Community Environmental R16 H 8 Internal Ongoing Participation

R17 Water Demonstration Sites M 7, 8 SA MDB NRM Board TBD 2020

R18 Review Development Principles BP 6 Internal Ongoing

Peterborough, LG Environmental Ideas Northern Areas, Clare R19 M 6 Ongoing Exchange and Gilbert Valleys LG, SAMDBNRMB

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5.5 Monitoring and Review All actions contained in the Implementation Plan contribute to State, Regional and Local strategies and outcomes, as identified in Appendix A. Monitoring and evaluation of the IWMP establishes an approach for continuous improvement in the planning, implementation and regular review of the Plan. Monitoring and evaluation processes will ensure that the Plan is adapted or modified in light of experience and new knowledge so that it continues to meet the needs of the Council, the community, governments and other stakeholders into the future. Monitoring, evaluation and reporting activities are specifically designed to help:

 Decide if the Plan and its priorities, targets and actions need to be changed, and where attention should be focused;

 Support the use of an adaptive management approach planning to ensure continuous improvement based on new knowledge and experiences;

 Determine who will be accountable for achieving, monitoring, evaluating and reporting outcomes; and

 Establish regular reporting systems for accountability to any investors including State and Australian governments.

Water management planning is a dynamic process and will not end with the completion of the plan. There is a clear need to establish mechanisms to:

 Develop appropriate monitoring programs;

 Set further targets;

 Monitor progress and changes in Eudunda;

 Monitor key environmental, social and economic indicators;

 Identify new and emerging issues;

 Monitor implementation of the plan outcomes; and

 Monitor the effectiveness of the strategies proposed in the plan.

Different components of monitoring, evaluation and reporting activities include:

 Plan monitoring – assessment of progress of project investments and other related activity outputs against significant milestones and management action targets;

 Outcomes monitoring – overall assessment of progress towards effecting change in the region’s resource condition targets;

 Adaptive management evaluation – comprehensive evaluation and review of progress and effectiveness of the Plan and its implementation towards improving management processes and decision making that provides feedback for modifying and improving Plan targets, investments and actions; and

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 Accountability evaluation – assessment of the overall achievements of the plan towards set goals (that is, in terms of progress towards improving natural resource condition and improving regional capacity in the longer term) for the investment received.

Each of these core components has a different focus, time frame and reporting requirement. Importantly, they provide the basis for structuring a range of monitoring and evaluation activities and identifying responsibilities for the strategy to operate. Because of the differences between the core components, however, each requires different management structures and processes and reporting requirements.

Therefore, in order to facilitate effective implementation of the Plan, an efficient coordination system to guide, monitor and assist implementation activities is required. In addition, the implementation process should, wherever possible, make use of existing administrative structures and frameworks and avoid duplication of process. This plan adopts the adaptive management cycle of Plan – Do – Monitor – Evaluate. Therefore it is recommended that continual review of the Plan is undertaken and that a comprehensive review of this plan should be undertaken in 2013.

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6 Funding Opportunities A wide range of grants and other funding opportunities are available from government agencies, corporate bodies and non‐government organisations. There are a number of funding opportunities to assist the Council undertake the actions recommended above including:

 Strengthening Basin Communities – Water Saving Initiatives;

 South Australian Murray Darling Basin NRM Board; and

 Stormwater Management Authority. Each of these is discussed below. It should also be noted that to assist Councils and the community to identify the range of grant options available from Commonwealth, State, Local Government and private organisations, the Local Government Research and Development Scheme funded a project with the SA Office of Regional Affairs to establish an online search facility which is updated by all three spheres of government and other organisations online.

6.1 Strengthening Basin Communities – Water Saving Initiatives Future Federal Government funding under the Strengthening Basin Communities – Water Saving Initiatives Component will be available (on a competitive basis) to Murray‐Darling Basin Councils in accordance with an IWMP for the relevant township.

6.2 South Australian Murray Darling Basin NRM Board There are a number of opportunities for obtaining funding support for NRM activities by the NRM Board including Community Grants. Information can be obtained from the NRM Board.

6.3 Stormwater Harvesting and Reuse Projects ‐ Third Competitive Grants Round The Australian Government is calling for applications for funding to support eligible stormwater harvesting and reuse projects under the National Urban Water and Desalination Plan: stormwater harvesting and reuse grants round. Projects are sought that capture, treat and use stormwater to ease the pressure on drinking water supplies and deliver improved water quality to our urban waterways.

6.4 Regional Development Australia The Australian Government Department for Regional Australia, Regional Development and Local Government provides a range of regional funding programs, including:

 Regional Development Australia Fund ‐ a national program to support Australia’s regions and enhance the economic development and liveability of their communities. It is understood that Round 2 of the RDAF program will be open to applicants in November 2011.

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 Community Infrastructure Grants Program – funding construction and upgrade of local sport, recreation and community infrastructure identified by communities as priority investments for their region Additional information is available at: http://www.regional.gov.au/regional/programs/index.aspx.

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7 References Environment Protection Authority (2003) South Australian Environment Protection (Water Quality) Policy Government of South Australia (October 2009) Onsite Wastewater Systems Code HDS (September 2007) Eudunda Stormwater Harvesting Moise, D. and Milne, T. (eds) (2010). A Biological Survey of Permanent Water Sites within the South Australian Murray Darling Basin Rangelands. Nature Conservation Society of South Australia, Adelaide. Natural Resources Management Ministerial Council, Environment Protection and Heritage Council, Australian Health Minister’s Conference (2006, 2008a, 2008b) Australian Guidelines for Water Recycling – Managing Health and Environmental Risks Officers of the South Australian Health Commission, the South Australian Water Corporation, Department of Primary Industries South Australia, Environment Protection Authority, Local Government Association and United Water (1999) South Australian Reclaimed Water Guidelines (1999)

Regional Council of Goyder (2004) Regional Council of Goyder Strategic Directions Report

Sustainable Focus (January 2011) Draft Climate Change and Natural Resources Management Plan

Tonkin Consulting (2005) Water Supply Investigation

Spatial Data‐sets

DENR (2008) Native Vegetation (Floristic) – NVIS Statewide. Mapping data.

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Appendix A : Federal, State and Regional Legislative Framework

Overview

South Australia’s legislative framework provides a number of tools to address water management ranging from state‐wide legislation to regional and local policy. One of the key mechanisms for achieving the desired outcomes of integrated water management is to ensure that the objectives of the Plan meet and contribute to other State and National Natural Resources Management policies and strategies. These strategies therefore assist in the implementation of the desired water management outcomes in the township of Eudunda. A brief summary of each document is provided to highlight interrelationships between the administrative systems/agencies and legislative/policy documents. A literature review was undertaken which provided a broad understanding of the associated Federal and State legislation and policy context as well as State, regional and local plans and strategies. Several of the key documents reviewed include:

 South Australian Government, Water for Good.

 Strategic growth plans for the region from State, Council and Regional Development Australia.

 SA Murray‐Darling Natural Resources Management Plan and Water Allocation Plan.

 The National Water Quality Management Strategy and accompanying guidelines.

 Australian Government, Water or the Future Program.

In addition to the above sources of relevant legislation and policy, background information was also sought on the existing infrastructure, relevant water management plans and spatial constraints that would be relevant in developing a viable water management strategy for the Regional Council of Goyder with a particular focus on stormwater and wastewater. Legislative and Policy Framework

The following table (Table 1) summarises the legislative and administrative framework related to the Eudunda IWMP:

TABLE 1 LEGISLATIVE, POLICY AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

National South Australian South Australian South Australian South Australian Regional Council legislation, legislation and Strategies, Plans Policies, relevant of Goyder Plans strategies, policies regulations Guidelines and Authorities, and Policies and plans and Codes organisations Authorities

Water Act 2007 Development Act South Australia’s SA Stormwater Regional Council Goyder Council 1993 Strategic Plan, Pollution of Goyder Development 2007 Prevention Plan Codes of Practice

Water Regulations Environment Water for Good Building Code of Environment Regional Council 2008 Protection Act, Australia Protection of Goyder 1993 Authority Strategic Management Plan

Water for the Local Government State Water Plan Water Sensitive Department for Regional Council Future Act 1999 2000 Urban Design Water of Goyder Guidelines Infrastructure and Asset Management Plan National Water Natural Resources Strategic Environment Department of Commission Management Act Infrastructure Protection Health 2004 Plan for South (Water Quality) Australia, 2005 Policy 2003 Environment State Water Plan State Natural South Australian SA Murray‐ Protection and 2000 Resources Reclaimed Water Darling Basin Biodiversity Management Guidelines Natural Resource Conservation Act Plan, 2006‐2011 (treated Management 1999 effluent), April Board 1999 National River Murray Act SA Murray‐ South Australian Stormwater Environment 2003 Darling Basin Code of Practice Management Protection Natural Resource for Aquifer Authority Council’s National Management Storage and Water Recycling Plan 2009‐2019 Recovery (2004) Guidelines Environment Natural Resources Water Allocation Water Licences SA Water Protection and Management Plans Heritage Council Regulations (prescribed areas) Australian Health Public and River Murray Public and Ministers Environmental Prescribed Water Environmental Conference Health Act, 1987 Course Water Health Council Allocation Plan National South Australian South Australian South Australian South Australian Regional Council legislation, legislation and Strategies, Plans Policies, relevant of Goyder Plans strategies, policies regulations Guidelines and Authorities, and Policies and plans and Codes organisations Authorities

National Strategy Public and South Australia’s Department for for Ecologically Environmental Greenhouse Environment and Sustainable Health Council Strategy 2007‐ Natural Resources Development, 2020 1992 Murray–Darling Public and Local Basin Authority Environmental Government (Waste Control) Association Regulations 1995 Climate Change Strategy 2008 – 2012 Murray–Darling Water Resources South Australia’s Basin Plan Act 1997 Living Coast Strategy

Murray‐Darling Local Government Local Association (Stormwater Government Management) Association Amendment Act Mutual Liability 2007 Scheme National Water Waterworks Act, Climate Change Quality 1932 Risk Management Management and Adaptation Strategy Program Natural Resource Sewerage Act, Management 1929 Ministerial Council National Climate Change Groundwater and Greenhouse Action Plan, 2007 Emissions Reduction Act, 2007 Water CampaignTM Milestone Framework Bureau of Meteorology Regional Development Australia

Appendix B : Council’s Strategic Planning Framework: Development Planning and Climate Change

Council’s Strategic Planning Framework: Development Planning and Climate Change

Regional Council of Goyder Plans and Policies

The Regional Council of Goyder has a number of strategic documents which guide the development of integrated water management plans in the region, including:

 Regional Council of Goyder Development Plan;

 Regional Council of Goyder Strategic Directions Report;

 Regional Council of Goyder Infrastructure and Asset Management Plan;

 Regional Council of Goyder Long Term Financial Plan

 Water Supply Investigation (2005) Tonkin Consulting

 Draft Climate Change and Natural Resources Management Plan (January 2011) Sustainable Focus.

These are briefly discussed below. Regional Council of Goyder Development Plan

A Development Plan is required for each Council area in accordance with the Development Act 1993. Development Plans provide the detailed zones, maps and policies against which development applications are assessed. Council’s Development Plan provides the major control over development in the Regional Council of Goyder, including Burra and Eudunda.

Current Development Plan Policy

Development Plans are regularly amended to reflect updated local council or State Government policy (particularly the State Government Planning Strategy); to introduce changes to zoning; and/or to implement a new vision for the future development of a particular zone or area. The Goyder Council Development Plan was consolidated on 17 February 2011, in accordance to the Development Act 1993.

The Development Plan was converted to the Better Development Plan format, via the Better Development Plan DPA in 2007. Council has advised that they have no current Development Plan Amendments in the system, apart from the Integrated Water Management Regional Development Plan Amendment. The Development Act 1993 also provides for the listing of State and Local heritage places within the Development Plan. Of significance, the Town of Burra is included as a State Heritage Place, and there are 75 State Heritage listed properties in Burra, and 1 State Heritage Listed property in Eudunda. The Goyder Council Development Plan includes relevant policies relating to water management in the General Section and within specific zones. Relevant policies are listed below; the zoning map for each township is included in Appendix A.

Relevant Policies The following subsections from the General Section of the Development Plan include Objectives and Principles of Development Control relating to water management: Animal Keeping Objectives: 1 Principles of Development Control: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6‐12, 16

Forestry Principles of Development Control: 3

Industrial Principles of Development Control: 10, 11 Infrastructure Objectives: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Principles of Development Control: 1 (b, c and e), 4, 5, 6,7

Hazards

Objectives: 1, 2

Principles of Development Control: 4, 5, 13, 16, 17

Landscaping Principles of Development Control: 1, 3

Land Division

Objectives: 1, 3

Principles of Development Control: 1 (a, b, c), 2 (e), 5 (g), 7 (b), 9, 10, 11, 12, 13(e)

Mineral Extraction Principles of Development Control: 4, 6

Natural Resources Objectives: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, (a‐e), 6 Principles of Development Control: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 (9&10?), 11 (a‐i), 12, 13, 14 (a‐c), 15 (a‐ e), 16 (a‐g), 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 (a & b), 29.

Open Space and Recreation Principles of Development Control: 2 (c) (e), 3, 8, 13 Residential Principles of Development Control: 14 (d) Sloping Land Objectives: 1

Principles of Development Control: 2, 5, 6 Waste Objectives: 2 Principles of Development Control 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (c and e), 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19. Other Relevant Policies:

 The Residential Zone policies provide for allotments of a minimum of 1000m2 for detached dwellings, 600 m2 for semi‐detached, 500 m2 for group dwellings and 400 m2 for row dwellings. The Rural Living Zone provides for allotments within the Rural Living Zone of a minimum of 1 Ha.

 Both Burra and Eudunda townships are surrounded by the Primary Production Zone, which provides for a minimum of 100Ha allotments.

 “Waste reception, storage, treatment or disposal” is listed as non‐complying in the following zones:

o Bulk Handling Zone

o District Town Centre Zone

o Historic Mining Zone

o Open Space Zone

o Recreation Zone

o Residential Zone

o Town Centre Zone

o Primary Production Zone (only in defined Policy Areas: Township Fringe Policy Area 1 and Enterprise Policy Area 2) This is relevant to any future management of wastewater within the township.

Other Development Plan considerations:

 The Development Plan does not include Floodplain Mapping, and Council has required some applicants to obtain independent flood investigations to inform the assessment of their application for developments in proximity to Burra Creek.  Council receives enquiries regarding rural living land division; however land division creating allotments of less than 100 Ha are non‐complying in the Primary Production Zone which surrounds both townships.

Proposed changes to the Goyder Council Development Plan A Development Plan may be amended by a Development Plan Amendment (DPA). A DPA is currently in progress across the Local Government Areas within the SA Murray Darling Basin Natural Resources Management Board area with a focus on Integrated Water Management. A Statement of Intent was prepared in December 2010 and is pending Ministerial authorisation. The DPA is proposing the preparation of integrated water resources management policies across the eleven

consortium Councils to ensure that future growth of these regional areas and their surrounds are sustainable in terms of both water quality and quantity, under predicted future climatic conditions. Due to the early stage of this DPA, the exact nature of any proposed changes are not yet available, however the project is anticipated to include the development of an Integrated Water Management Development Plan policy module, to provide model policy that will ensure future town growth is undertaken in accordance with a relevant IWMP. Regional Council of Goyder Strategic Directions Report

Councils under Section 30 of the Development Act 1993 must prepare a Strategic Directions Report (Section 30 Review) every 5 years, or within 12 months of any alteration to the State Planning Strategy. The Regional Council of Goyder prepared a Strategic Directions Report on 3 February 2004. This report produced 50 recommendations under the headings of:‐

 Economic Activity;

 Infrastructure;

 Environment and Resources;

 People, Towns and Housing;

 Regional Settlements;

 Development Plan Format; and

 Water Resources. The next Strategic Directions Report is scheduled for 2012. Regional Council of Goyder Infrastructure and Asset Management Plan

Under Section 122 of the Local Government Act 1999, Councils must develop and adopt Infrastructure and Asset Management Plans covering a period of at least 10 years.

Councils in South Australia are the custodians of infrastructure and assets on behalf of their communities. They have an obligation to ensure that current assets are managed efficiently and effectively and that decisions regarding the acquisition of new assets, the sale of current assets and the maintenance of current assets are undertaken in an open and transparent fashion. Council has adopted a series of Plans as required by the Act, incorporating the following key elements:‐

 Road Infrastructure

 Building Infrastructure

o Core Activities o Core Community o Council Heritage and Self‐funded Buildings o Non Council Recreation

o Non Core Council Activities

 Plant and Equipment Regional Council of Goyder Long Term Financial Management Plan

All councils are required to adopt Long Term Financial Management Plans covering a period of at least 10 years. The Regional Council of Goyder adopted their 10 year Long Term Financial Management Plan, incorporating their Infrastructure and Asset Management Plan, in June 2010. Water Supply Investigation, 2005

The Central Local Government Region of South Australia (CLGRSA), which consists of 15 member councils including the Regional Council of Goyder, engaged Tonkin Consulting to undertake a review of water supply systems within the region.

The purpose of this review was to provide recommendations on future water supply issues for the region, and to inform the development of a 5, 10 and 20 year capital works program.

As a result of this project it was agreed that in order to facilitate economic development across the region, a more consistent funding methodology was needed to support water supply projects.

A number of alternative models were presented in this report, with Council, the Regional Development Board and the Natural Resources Management Board Staff agreeing on a preferred model.

Draft Climate Change and Natural Resources Management Plan (January 2011), Sustainable Focus

A Climate Change and Natural Resources Management Plan was prepared for the Regional Council of Goyder, with a view of including it in Council’s Strategic Management Plan. The report provides information about climate change, describes some of the issues that will be faced by people and the natural environment in the Goyder region. The Plan seeks to achieve the following outcomes:‐

 Council has improved capacity to manage NRM and climate change issues;

 Communities are knowledgeable and actively engaged in NRM and climate change mitigation and adaptation;

 Council minimises its use of energy and water;

 Council activities protect and enhance natural resources;

 Water resources across the region are managed sustainably; and

 Environmental assets of the region are protected.

Future Township Growth

The extent of land subject to future growth is limited within the study area, however potential growth scenarios for Eudunda are described below. Eudunda

Eudunda is not anticipated to experience significant growth, either outside or inside existing township/settlement boundaries. The growth scenario was determined by considering the following inputs:

 The Project Brief;

 Review of available population projections for the region; and

 Review of existing Development Plan.

Population Current Population The township of Eudunda comprises one Census Collection District: 4040202. In the 2006 Census there were 641 persons usually resident in Eudunda, 16.1% of which were children aged between 0‐ 14 years and 46.8% were persons aged 55 years and over. The median age of persons in Eudunda was 52 years, compared with 37 years for persons in Australia. Projected Population Growth

Using a base population of 641 persons in 2006, it is projected that the population of Eudunda will be 777 in 2036, which represents an increase of 136 people.

This projection has been developed by applying the percentage increase in population for the Yorke and Lower North Statistical Division to the 2006 population of Eudunda at 5‐yearly intervals. (Source: Population Projections for South Australia and Statistical Division, 2006‐36 (Medium Series), December 2010 release (Department of Planning and Local Government, Government of South Australia 2010).

Dwellings There were 272 occupied private dwellings in 2006, of a total of 318 total private dwellings. 94.9% of these were separate houses, 3.3% were flats, units or apartments, and 1.8% were other dwellings. There were no semi‐detached dwellings.

This represented an increase in 10 occupied dwellings, and an increase of 10 total dwellings (including unoccupied) since the 2001 Census. (Reference: 2006 Census QuickStats: Burra (State Suburb), Australian Bureau of Statistics, and 2001 Census QuickStats: Burra (Urban Centre/Locality), Australian Bureau of Statistics). Council has indicated that there were 14 new dwellings approved in Eudunda since 2006.

Growth Areas The following is an overview of residential and rural living land supply and demand and potential areas for residential and rural living development.

Residential Land Supply and Demand

The surrounding collector district recorded an increase in 10 new dwellings between the 2006 and 2001 census. Furthermore, Council records suggest that 14 new dwelling approvals have occurred since 2006. Opportunities for residential development are predominantly located within the Residential Zone.

The current Development Plan (Consolidated 17 February 2011) provides for allotments within the Residential Zone of a minimum of 1000 m2 for detached dwellings, 600 m2 for semi‐detached, 500 m2 for group dwellings and 400 m2 for row dwellings.

Rural Living supply and demand There is currently no Rural Living Zone associated with the township of Eudunda. There is some demand for rural living allotments, as Council receives enquiries each year.

Infrastructure Infrastructure associated with residential and rural living development in Eudunda is discussed in the separate AWE Report “Preliminary Engineering Analysis”.

Potential Development Constraints The Development Act 1993 also provides for the listing of State and Local heritage places within the Development Plan, and there is one State Heritage Place within Eudunda at 8 South Terrace, Eudunda.

The township is surrounded by the Primary Production Zone which has a minimum allotment size of 100 Ha.

Climate Change Scenarios

This section outlines the agreed approach to incorporating climate change scenarios for the development of the IWMP. Background information is provided from the following two sources:

 “Water Availability in the Murray – A Report to the Australian Government from the CSIRO Murray‐Darling Basin Sustainable Yields Project” (July, 2008), and

 “Planning Component Consultancy SBC033A.1/2 Climate Change impact assessment, adaptation and emerging opportunities for the SA Murray Darling region” Outcomes from the “Planning Component Consultancy SBC033A.1/2 Climate Change impact assessment, adaptation and emerging opportunities for the SA Murray Darling region” project are summarised here and provide the basis for incorporation of climate change scenarios into this project. Overview of “Water Availability in the Murray”

CSIRO has developed climate change predictions within “Water Availability in the Murray – A Report to the Australian Government from the CSIRO Murray‐Darling Basin Sustainable Yields Project” (July, 2008). An overview of the approach to that report and key findings are provided here. A copy of the summary report of the “Water Availability in the Murray” document is included in Appendix B. “The assessments of current and potential future water availability have been undertaken by considering four scenarios of historical, recent and future climate and current and future development. All scenarios are defined by daily time series of climate variables based on different scaling of the 1895 – 2006 climate.

The first scenario is for historical climate and current development and is used as a baseline against which other scenarios are compared.

The second scenario is for recent climate and current development and is intended as a basis for assessing future water availability should the climate in the future prove to be to be similar to that of the last ten years.

The third scenario is for future climate and current development and evaluates three global warming scenarios using 15 global climate models to provide a spectrum of possible climates for 2030. From this spectrum three variants are reported: a median or best estimate, a wet variant and a dry variant.

The fourth scenario is for future climate and future development and considers the effects of both a 2030 climate and the expansions in farm dams and commercial plantation forestry expected under current policy, and the changes in groundwater extractions anticipated under existing groundwater plans. All scenarios assume current water sharing arrangements and do not attempt to include possible management responses to changes in climate, water availability or development.” (CSIRO, July 2008, p2). Murray Region

The Murray Region used for the “Water Availability in the Murray” study represents 19.5% of the total area of the Murray Darling Basin. It is based around the Murray River and the Lower Darling River below Menindee and extends to the Southern Ocean.

The population of the region is 309,000, which is mainly in the centres of Albury‐Wodonga, Echuca, Swan Hill, Mildura, Renmark, Murray Bridge and Goolwa. The Murray Region receives inflows from the following regions:

 Barwon‐Darling

 Murrumbidgee

 Ovens

 Goulburn‐Broken

 Campaspe

 Loddon‐Avoca It should be noted that the results of this study are primarily for the region as defined above. However, in places the findings relate to hydrologic assessments aggregated through the entire connected river system of the MDB because this region is strongly affected by inflows from upstream regions. Dryland pasture for livestock grazing (60.5 percent) is the dominant land use in the Murray region. Native vegetation is around 22 percent, dryland crops comprise 6.9 percent, while irrigated crops comprise 2.6 percent of land use.

“The region uses over 36 percent of the surface water diverted for irrigation and urban use in the MDB and around 14 percent of groundwater used in the MDB.” (CSIRO, July 2008, p.3) Key Findings

The following is a summary of key findings taken from the CSIRO report; please refer to Appendix B for additional detail of the findings for each of the four scenarios.

Historical Climate and Current Development

“Average surface water availability for the MDB aggregated to Wentworth under the historical climate is 14,493 GL/year. For the Murray region, average surface water availability is 11,162 GL/year.

Under current development, surface water use across the MDB aggregated to Wentworth (including downstream use) is extremely high with 56 percent of the average available water used. Average surface water use within the Murray region aggregated to Wentworth is 4045 GL/year or a high 36 percent of the average surface water available in the region. Current groundwater use within the region is about 233 GL/year or 5 percent of total water use in the region.” (CSIRO, July 2008, p.4).

Recent Climate and Current Development “If the recent (1997 to 2006) climate were to persist, average surface water availability for the Murray region would fall by 30 percent, average diversions in the Murray region would fall by 13 percent and end‐of‐system flows would fall by 50 percent. The relative level of surface water use across the MDB would be 66 percent.” (CSIRO, July 2008, p.4).

Future Climate and Current Development “The best estimate (median) of climate change by 2030 is less severe than the recent past. Under this climate, average surface water availability for the Murray region would fall by 14 percent,

average diversions in the Murray region would fall by 4 percent and end‐of‐system flows would fall by 24 percent.” (CSIRO, July 2008, p.4).

Future Climate and Future Development “Future development of farm dams by 2030 is expected to reduce total runoff across the region by less than 1 percent. Although likely commercial plantation forestry expansion by 2030 would have significant local effects on runoff, the impact on average annual runoff for the entire Murray region would be negligible. Groundwater use in the region is expected to treble by 2030 to be 70GL/year or 15 percent of total average water use.” (CSIRO, July 2008, p.4). Climate Change Scenarios Information – Strengthening Basin Communities Program Planning Component Consultancy SBC033A.1/2

The Milestone 2 Report of the above consultancy was completed in November 2010. Its Executive Summary stated that: “The study region like the rest of Southern Australia is expected to be warmer (high confidence) and drier (lower confidence). In the coming decades the main source of uncertainty is the extent of temperature and rainfall changes in different global climate models. After 2050 there is significant uncertainty due to different emission scenarios. In this report we point the end‐user to climate change projections that have three characteristics:

 Authoritative – in Australia this generally means CSIRO and the Bureau of Meteorology

 Acknowledge the uncertainty – different projections at various spatial scales have different levels of uncertainty

 Action orientated – the purpose of using projections of future climates is to act now at appropriate levels.”

The climate change scenario to be adopted for the Burra and Eudunda IWMP project will be a mild dry scenario as their starting point for modelling, giving recognition to the modelling results arising from consideration of a very dry scenario as well as a continuation of current conditions (i.e. assuming repeat of historical conditions). An approach will also be adopted that can conduct sensitivity analysis to determine whether there are thresholds for decision making in regard to assets with respect to various climate variables e.g. impact of 5%, 10%, 20% increases or decreases in rainfall and then to compare these results with climate projections.

The project team (for the Planning Component Consultancy SBC033A.1/2 Climate Change impact assessment, adaptation and emerging opportunities for the SA Murray Darling region) will provide monthly climate change adjustments for consultants to apply to existing climate files. a. Temperature (degrees warming) b. Rainfall (% change) c. Evaporation (% change)

Appendix C : Recommended Actions Map

VICTORIA WALES NEW SOUTH NEW ! ( BERRI Stormwater Capture Basin Basin Detention Stormwater Gully Erosion Damage Channel Concrete Main WW Rising Reclaimed Stormwater Rising Main Underground Pipe MainsWater - SA Water Sewer Raising Main Culvert Drainage 1 Pipes BURRA ! ( ! ( GAWLER ! ( ! ( SOUTH AUSTRALIA ! ( GOOLWA EUDUNDA for Eudundafor for Eudundafor PORT PIRIE ! ( Metres (scale 1:12,000 Sheet A3) 1:12,000 Sheet (scale Metres ADELAIDE ! ( WATER Australian Environments Integrated Water Management Water Integrated Plan PORT AUGUSTA Integrated Water Management Water Integrated Plan Stormwater Pump Station WW PumpStation Potable Water Tank - SA Water Tank Water Reclaimed WWTP Tank Intermediate Major Cadastre Plant Treatment Wastwater 0 200 400 600 800 " M " M

k j k j k j

LEGEND Potential Water Management Options for Eudunda for Options Management Water Potential Tanks and Stations and Pumping Tanks Data Source: Water; by SA (2003) supplied and Cadastre Contours Earth; Google from obtained (2005) Photography Aerial Basin, Capture Stormwater Plant, Treatment Wastewater Culverts, Pipes, Stations, Pumping and Tanks Environments Water Australian by created Drainage and Damage Erosion Gully Basin, Detention Stormwater photography. and survey aerial field from (AWE) Contour: 10m interval Contour:

6218000 6217500 6217000 6216500 6216000

0 7 3

3 325000 325000

3 1 Increased Monitoring of Monitoring Increased WWTP Inflows and Outflows Potential Irrigation

0 k j k j 9 Cemetary 3

324500 0 324500

0 0 9

3 3

1 1

3 3 Potential Irrigation

0 Oval School

2 Existing 324000 4 1 324000 1 k j Oval Town Existing

Monitor Stormwater Extractions 1 Potential Irrigation Oval School

Existing 1

0 " M

43 1

0 1

4 1 " M 1

8 1 2

3 323500 323500 4

" M

" M " M

0 4 4

0 0 4 1

Harvesting 4 0 44 420 0 4

Potential Stormwater

1 1

Redesign Culvert

1 Drain Contour and

323000 323000

4 4

1 1

0 6 4

Rectify Existing Detention Basin

400 0 0

1 4 1 410 322500 322500

0 0 2

1 4

3 4 0 1 4 4 20

4 k 0 j 8 4

30 4

450

0 60 0

3 4 48

4 0

0 1

44 46

6218000 6217500 6217000 6216500 6216000 Job No. 11105 - 022 110817