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State of the Mangrove in I. Introduction State of the Mangrove Summit: Central and Eastern Visayas Proceedings Status of Mangroves per Province 15 State of the Mangrove in BOHOL Forester Restituto A. Piollo, Jr. Head, Forestry and Water Resource Unit Governor’s Ofce - Bohol Environment Management Ofce (GO-BEMO) Forester Glicerita C. Racho Conservation Division Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Ofce (PENRO) Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) - Region VII I. Introduction Bohol has the biggest mangrove area (natural and plantation stands) in the whole Visayas. In fact, the Bohol is a 1st class province and the 10th largest island biggest man-made mangrove plantation in Southeast in the country. The island-province is roughly oval Asia is found in Banacon, Getafe. The province also with major axes trending to the northeast at Camotes has the highest mangrove species diversity in Central Sea and the southwest at Mindanao Sea. There are Visayas and probably in the entire country (Primavera 47 municipalities grouped into three congressional 2000). The mangrove forest in Cogtong Bay in Candijay districts. Tagbilaran City is the lone city serving as the has 33 species (Yao 1999). provincial capital. Thirty municipalities are coastal with a coastline length of 1,009 km. Of the 1,109 barangays, The primary sources of income in coastal areas are 361 are coastal and 64 are island barangays surrounded fshing, nipa weaving, seaweed and abalone culture, by 72 smaller islands. Of the 411,726 ha total land area, labor services, farming, and employment in government only a quarter is forest, covering both public and private and private frms. Among the main socio-economic lands. There are 11 major watersheds and 16 protected problems in coastal areas are illegal gambling, areas (PAs). Twelve of the PAs are in coastal areas (isolated) drug addiction, insurgency, high population where old and new mangrove stands are located. growth, and proliferation of informal settlers. As of National Statistics Ofce (NSO) Census in 2005, Importance of Mangroves the total population of Bohol is 1,313,560. Almost half of the population are living in coastal areas. Bohol is The most important role of mangroves in the province famous for its 1,776 chocolate hills, with rivers and is as source of food and products for selling (such caves, white sand beaches (e.g., Panglao and Anda), as frewood, charcoal, fber, wine, vinegar, tannin, fsh, dive sites (in Balicasag, Pamilacan, and Cabilao clams, etc.). Mangroves provide breeding/feeding islands), and rich coral reef biodiversity. areas for fshes and crustaceans. They also provide protection against strong waves and storm surge. State of the Mangrove Summit: Central and Eastern Visayas Proceedings 16 Status of Mangroves per Province Ecotourism in mangrove areas serves as a livelihood Program (NGP; 2011–2017) covered a total area of activity in the province. Some of the ecotourism 2,091 ha with 100 % survival rate (DENR-PENRO Bohol). activities in mangroves include mangrove tour (along These plantations are in Bien Unido, Buenavista, boardwalk), kayaking, stand-up paddling, canoeing, and Getafe, Inabanga, CPG, Talibon, Calape, Loon, frefy tour. There are also foating restaurants touring and Maribojoc. The Mangrove and Beach Forest along the mangroves in Loboc River. Mangroves are Development Project (MBFDP; 2015-2017) reforested also used as educational and research sites. a total of 2,890 ha (189 ha in Tagbilaran and 2,701 ha in Talibon) with 87 % survival rate (Table 1). Other The province has rich history of community-based initiatives were done by the peoples’ organizations forest management (CBFM) programs. For example, (POs) in partnership with the Provincial Government of the Banacon island is the frst recipient of the Certifcate Bohol (PGBh), local government units (LGUs; municipal of Stewardship Contract (CSC) in 1980s. The tenurial and barangay), and the private sectors. instrument was given by DENR to fshers, who are dependent on mangroves, to protect and conserve the Mangrove species recorded in the province include: forest. The tenurial agreement generated revenues and Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia alba, A. marina, A. paved way in managing the illegal fshponds. This effort ofcinalis, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, B. sexangula, Ceriops was made possible through the United States Agency decandra, C. tagal, Excoecaria agallocha, Heritiera for International Development (USAID) EcoGov project. littoralis, Lumnitzera racemosa, Nypa fruticans, Osbornia octodonta, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, R. The Banacon man-made mangrove forest is the frst stylosa, Sonneratia alba, and S. caseolaris. Mangrove- large-scale mangrove afforestation project in the associate species include: Dolichandrone spathacea, Philippines, and probably in Asia. It is also one of the Hibiscus tiliaceus, Ipomoea pes-caprae, Morinda 11 Community-based Forest Management Agreement citrifolia, Pongamia pinnata, and Terminalia catappa. (CBFMA) holders in Bohol issued by DENR through the facilitation of the Coastal Resource Management The mangrove areas of Bohol consist of both natural Project (CRMP). Along with the local government of growth and plantation stands. Most mangrove areas Calape, the project highlighted the protective value are declared protected landscapes and seascapes, of mangrove plantation in effectively protecting the mangrove forest reserves, and mangrove swamp/ Pangangan causeway. This was made possible through wilderness areas. These are the declared protected the efforts of Mr. Ytac together with the scouters who mangrove areas: the Alburquerque-Loay-Loboc started mangrove planting in the area (Yao undated). Mangrove Swamp Forest Reserve (Presidential Proclamation No. 293, s2000), the Panglao Island Protected Seascape (Presidential Proclamation No. II. Status of Mangroves 426, s2003), the Talibon Group of Islands Wilderness Area (Proclamation No. 131, s1999), the Cabilao- Bohol is known to have the biggest mangrove area Sandigan Island Mangrove Swamp Forest Reserve; (both natural and plantation stands) in the entire Pangangan Island Mangrove Swamp Forest Reserve; Visayas (14,502 ha; DENR-Bohol undated). It also has Tubigon Group of Islands Wilderness Area; Clarin high species richness. Group of Islands Wilderness Area; Ubay-Mabini Swamp Forest Reserve/Wilderness Area; Inabanga-Buenavista Around 1,000 ha of mangroves were planted through Mangrove Swamp/Wilderness Area; Candijay-Anda- the Sustainable Integrated Area Development (SIAD; Mabini Mangrove Swamp Forest Reserve/Wilderness 2016-2017). These mangrove plantations have a Area; Getafe Mangrove Swamp Forest Reserve/ survival rate of 85 % and are found in the municipalities Wilderness Area, and the Carlos P. Garcia Mangrove of Bien Unido, Buenavista, Carlos P. Garcia (CPG), Swamp Forest Reserve/Wilderness Area. These Getafe, Inabanga, Mabini, Talibon, and Ubay. The protected areas are managed by the Protected Area mangrove planting project from the National Greening Management Board (PAMB). State of the Mangrove Summit: Central and Eastern Visayas Proceedings Status of Mangroves per Province 17 Table 1. List of mangrove plantation management projects in Bohol. Project Areas Project Survival Funding implementer/ Budget Programs/Projects covered duration rate (%) source Partner (PHP) (ha) agencies SIAD: Mangrove 2016–2017 1,000 85 DENR BLGUs, POs 40,200,000 Planting (Bien Unido, Buenavista, CPG, Getafe, Inabanga, Mabini, Talibon, Ubay) MBFDP: Mangrove 2015–2017 2,890 87 DENR BLGUs, POs 58,003,297 Planting (Tagbilaran, Talibon) NGP: Mangrove 2011–2017 2,090.57 100 DENR DENR, BFAR, Planting (Bien Unido, DepED, MLGU, Buenavista, Getafe, BLGU & POs Inabanga, CPG, Talibon, Calape, Loon, Maribojoc) Total area covered: 5,980.57 Degradation of Mangrove Forests Treats to Mangrove Forests The mangrove area in the province is generally increasing due to the mangrove reforestation/ Other threats on mangroves include coastal pollution afforestation programs implemented by various and sand extraction. A rare case in Banacon, Getafe groups. The DENR rehabilitation programs particularly is the pest infestation in young mangrove plantations. the NGP (2011-2017), the MBFDP (2015-2017), and the Natural disturbances such as sea level rise and SIAD (2016-2017) contributed mainly in the increase of occurrences of earthquake also threatened the long- mangrove stands, although most of these plantations term survival of mangroves. In October 2013, a 7.2 are still undergoing forest development process. magnitude earthquake hit Bohol. Portions of the coastal areas in Tubigon and Inabanga were inundated by few The decline in mangrove stands (especially the old inches. Around 129 ha in Maribojoc and Loon were growth stands) in some areas is attributed to cutting uplifted which caused the mangroves to deteriorate of mangroves for fuelwood, charcoal, and construction and eventually die. The uplifted areas were used as new materials. There are also cases of conversion into settlement areas by the residents. residential, commercial, and tourism areas. These conversions are related to the increasing number of informal settlers that needs areas for settlement. State of the Mangrove Summit: Central and Eastern Visayas Proceedings 18 Status of Mangroves per Province III. Mangrove Protection and Management The major activities under the CRM Program of BEMO is the conduct of participatory coastal resource assessment (PCRA). It includes mangrove assessment through a participatory manner. The province issued an Executive
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