Canadian Archaeological Association Association Canadienne d1Arch6010gie Halifax 1996 -. -11 m'
ABSTRACTS COVER AND CONFERENCE LOGO/COUVERTURE ET ... DE CONFERENCE
The 1996 CAA conference logo reflects our theme of commrnunication and community. The canoe image comes fiom the petroglyphs at Kejimlcujik National ParWNational Historic Site. It symbolizes the culture of the Mi'kmaq people carrying all subsequent cultures which have arrived in Nova Scotia. The canoe floats above the repeated ideogram for 'water,' taken fiom the Mi'lunaq hieroglyphic script, or komqwejwi 'kasikl. Based on an earlier pictographic system, this system of ideograms was formalized by the Recollet missionary, Chrestien Leclerq, in the 17th century. As such it represents the first writing system developed in Canada and continues to be used for liturgical texts in the Mi'lcmaq language. The images are used with the permission of the Mi'bq Association for Cultural Studies and of David Schmidt and Murdena Marshall, editors of Mi 'kmaq Hieroglyphic Prayers: Readings in North America's first Indigenous Script (1995, Nimbus Publishing Limited, Halifax). ABSTRACTS
ALM,Claire Centre de Recherche en ArchBologie Precolombienne, Institut &Art et dtArcheologie,Universitede Paris, andlet Carole S-LL Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto TAKJNG WOOD TO KNOW MORE ABOUT THULE CULTURE Session 16, May 4, 16:20 1 SBance 16,4 mai, 16 h 20
Besides J.L.Giddings' work on driftwood, mostly oriented on tree-ring dating(Giddings 1940-60), C.Arnold is the only archaeologist to have stressed the importance of wood for our understanding of Thule culture (Arnold 1994). Except for these, and for D. Lyaendecker's ident-g wood fiom Bai5.n Island sites (Meta Incognita Project, Smithsonian Institution), nobody has yet attempted to construct a data base on woods fiom the American and Canadian Arctic. The reference fivepresented will, in the long view, allow us to serve and upgrade our interpretation of archaeological remains. Woods from eight chosen sites add new information even on initial Thule migrations: importance and role of that material. Located along the North ~lask&coast and the Canadian archipelago and excavated at sundry times from the mies through the eighties, these sites are dated back to the initial stages of Thule culture (Early Thule and Ruin Island phase). The endeavour through the present wood artifact analyses is stayed on cross-linking a). wood availability, collecting patterns, species selection, b). artifact fbnction and needs, and c). artifact manufacture (wood working). Its aim is to get a glimpse on the technical levd or traceable behaviour of Thule people. The artifact analyses, including large series of species identzcation of wooden artifacts found on each site, are concomitantly supplemented and hopefblly supported by means of trial runs of neutron activation analyses (in collaboration with C. Stimmell, University of Toronto): the end purpose is to elaborate a methodology to dimentiate driftwood from non-driftwood, in order to better understand the collecting patterns of woody materials (local collecting, exchange, special journeys). The preliminary results from an initial testing of drifhvood, green wood, dead wood and archaeological wood allow us to assess the types of complexities entailed and more over the "polluting agents" that need be taken into account when interpreting data. All told, the results are promising and exciting.
ALLEN, Patricia Archaeological Services, New Brunswick SOME PREVIOUSLY UNKNOWN EARLY NEW BRUNSWICK HISTORIC SITES AND OTHER INTERESTING STUFF Session 7, May 3, 11:OO / SCance 7,3 mai, 11 h 00
This talk will present a collage of interesting unpublished sites that are on record with the New Brunswick Archaeological Services Branch. All of the sites or artifacts were reported by private land owners or members of the general public. The sites have been visited and recorded as a routine part of our Branch mandate. While most individually reported siteslartifacts can be attributed to a spec5c historical period or cultural group, some present more questions than they answer.
ARCHER, David Northwest College, Prince Rupert NEW EVIDENCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF RANKED SOCIETY IN THE PRINCE RUPERT AREA Session 2% May 2, 10:40 / Seance 2% 2 mai, 10 h 40
An archaeological survey of the Prince Rupert area, conducted between 1982 and 1991, led to the discovery of a number of new, pristine village sites. Analysis of the house depressions at these sites suggests that the idea of inherited rank emerged on the north coast of British Columbia around AD 100, which is 600 years later than pr&ous estimates. This paper presents a summary of the new data and examines their implications for the development of cultural complexity on the northern Northwest Coast.
ARMITAGE, Peter St. John's, andlet Daniel ASHINI Innu Nation, Sheshatshiu (TITLE UNAVAILABLE) Session la, May 2, 1 1 :00 / Shcela, 2 mai, 1 1 h 00
Bm,Gary Torngasok Cultural Centre, Nain, andlet Bryan HOOD University of Trrmso, Norway MINERAL RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT, ARCHAEOLOGY AM> ABORIGINAL RIGHTS IN NORTHERN LABRADOR Session 1b, May 2, 15:00 / Seance 1b, 2 mai, 15 h 00
The recent avalanche of mineral exploration in northern Labrador has generated significant challenges for archaeologists and aboriginal people, who share a common interest in mitigating the impacts of these developments on cultural resources. Exploration is proceeding rapidly in an environment marked by strong pressures for investment and job creation as well as unsettled Inuit and Innu land claims. Archaeologists involved in impact assessments must confront the social and political responsibilities inherent in working at the interface between development interests and aboriginal concerns. This paper will recount the problems experienced during the past year and outline proposals for the conduct of &re research based on collaboration between archaeologists and Inuit. BARRETT, James H. Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto COLONIZATION FROM WITHIN: THE 'PE-WATION OF VIKING AGE I ORKNEY Session 6, May 3, 09:OO / SCance 6, 3 mai, 09 h 00
In the 1lth century the autonomous Viking Age 'chiefdom' of Orkney was transformed into a periphery of medieval Christian Europe. This paper integrates archaeological and ethnohistoric evidence to investigate the cultural processes that caused this transformation. It contrasts the role of external economic pressures and internal dialectical forces. I suggest that the efforts of a single lineage to consolidate secular and symbolic power may have been the catalyst of socioeconomic change. Earls such as Thorfhv Sigurdarson sought to marginalize their competitors through recourse to pragmatic and symbolic support from the royal and ecclesiastical elite of neighbouring states. While their strategy was success~lin the short term, it probably had an irreversible impact on the character of Orcadian society. This study provides a glunpse of wider processes underlying the transformation from Dark Age' to medieval Europe. Moreover, it provides a model of 'colonization' without population movement which may prove relevant to episodes of culture-contact elsewhere in the North Atlantic region.
BARRETT, James H. Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, andlet Trevor J. RINGROSE Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland BONE WEIGHT DATA AND THE INTERPRETATION OF INTRA-SITE AND INTER-SITE ECONOMIC PATTERNING: THEORY AND PRACTICE Session 8b, May 3, 15:40 / Seance 8b, 3 mai, 15 h 40
This paper has two aims. Firstly, it reviews zooarchaeological implications of the allometric relationship between dry bone weight and total weight in mammals, birds and fish. Secondly, it illustrates how weight data from bone (and other cultural inclusions) can serve as valuable indicators of intra-site and inter-site behavioural patterning. Univariate and multivariate techniques of statistical analysis are applied to data from Viking Age and medieval settlement sites in northern Scotland.
BATEY, Colleen Glasgow Museums THE PICTS AND THEIR SUCCESSORS IN CAITHNESS AND SUTHERLAND Session 7, May 3, 09:40 / Seance 7, 3 mai, 09 h 40
The period of time under consideration in this paper fdsbetween the 7th century and the 12113th centuries AD, and encompasses the geographical area at the northern-most point of Mainland Britain., The evidence available for study for the Pictish and succeediig Viking and Late Norse populations in Caithness, and less commonly, in Sutherland, falls into several categories. Specific place-name types can be identified; they are few in the pre-Viking period but widespread and dense in distribution following the Scandinavian arrival. Several isolated finds of artefacts have been recorded in the past, and there are a limited number of new finds to be considered. The settlement evidence, although somewhat fugitive for the Pictish era, can be perhaps more easily recognised in the later Viking or Late Norse period, and certainly recent excavation has concentrated on this aspect. Evidence fiom burials will also be presented, and the distinctive Pictish graves will be considered in addition to the rich, accompanied Viking graves. Remaining lacunae in our knowledge will be highlighted and a way forward suggested.
BEUKENS, Roelf Isotrace Facility, University of Toronto THE RADIOCARBON DATING OF SMALL UNCONVENTIONAL SAMPLES BY AMS Session 5, May 2, 16:OO /Seance 5,2 mai, 16 h 00
The advent of AMS Radiocarbon dating has made possible the analysis of small unconventional samples, such has cultigens, foraminifera and small gastropods, fibres etc. The success of these . analyses is contingent upon knowledge of the organic constituents and their appropriate chemical processing. The lessons learned fiom the successes and particularly the failures will be discussed.
BLACK, David Department of Anthropology, University of New Brunswick, andlet David KEENLYSIDE Canadian Museum of CivilizationlMusee Canadien des Civilisations WORKSHOP: NORTHEASTERN LITHIC SOURCING Session 13, May 4, 09:OO-12:OO 1 Seance 13,4 mai, 09 h 00 - 12 h 00
BLACK, David, Lucy WILSON andlet Shianne L. MACDONALD Department of Anthropology, University of New Brunswick SOURCES OF EXOTIC LITHICS FROM LATE WOODLAND COMPONENTS ON THE BLISS ISLANDS Session 7, May 3, 10:OO 1 Seance 7, 3 mai, 10 h 00
The Bliss Islands archaeological site inventory includes three Late Maritime Woodland (CP4- CP5) components dating ca. 1,050-1,350 BP (ca. AD 600-900), which contain significant amounts of exotic flaked lithic artifacts and debitage, We have conducted hand-specimen examinations and thin-sectioned selected lithics to identfi the materials represented, and have compared them to samples from known sources on the Maritime Peninsula, to determine the sources of the exotic lithics. Our research shows that, at least on the Bliss Islands, the use of most exotic lithics is restricted to a relatively brief period. We conclude that native people living on the islands at that time acquired lithic materials that originated fiom widely separated sources in northern interior Maine, interior New Brunswick, the Minas Basin of Nova Scotia, and, perhaps, fiom Prince Edward Island and Quebec. BLNR, Susan Department of Anthropology, University of New Brunswick THE PREHISTORIC SETTLEMENT OF GRAND MANAN: PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THE GRAND MANAN ARCHAEOLOGY PROJECT, PHASE II Session 7, May 3, 10:40 / Seance 7,3 mai, 10 h 40
The Grand Manan Archaeology Project was conducted during the summer of 1995, and entailed collections research, survey and excavations conducted in the Grand Manan Archipelago, in southwestern New Brunswick. Research into private and public (museum) collections revealed traces of settlement extending back into the Archaic period. Extensive foot surveys and the partial excavation of two prehistoric archaeological sites augmented this information. The Newton's Point site (BeDq-1 1), a shell-free coastal site, produced lithic debitage and cultural material dating to the Late Maritime Woodland period (approximately 1,000 years ago). The identification of imported (exotic) and local materials suggests the role that Grand Manan played in the regional trade networks that developed during the Late Woodland period. The Baird site (BdDq-3) is an extensive, shallow shell-bearing site composed of several Maritime Woodland and historic period components. In addition, several previously unrecorded prehistoric archaeological sites were identified, but not excavated. This paper will present preliminary results of the Grand Manan Archaeology Project, and discuss the implications of this research for regional culture history.
CANNON, Aubrey, Henry P. SCHWARCZ andlet Martin I(NYF Department of Anthropology, McMaster University ISOTOPIC CONFIRMATION OF SUBSISTENCE TRENDS AT NAMU, BRITISH COLUMBIA Session 8b, May 3, 14:20 / Seance 8b, 3 mai, 14 h 20
Isotopic analysis of dog bones is used to ve* trends in the Namu subsistence economy over the period 6,060-1,405 BP. The results show comparable values to those obtained for human bone, and match trends in salmon and shellfish consumption indicated by the analysis of faunal remains. The study demonstrates the value of using domestic dog remains as an independent line of evidence to monitor trends in human diet on the Northwest Coast.
CARLSON, Roy Archaeology Department, Simon Fraser University ART AND SOCIETY ON THE NORTHWEST COAST Session 12, May 4, 11:40 / Seance 12,4 mai, 11 h 40
Northwest Coast Native art has usually been studied in relation to its role in social interaction involving rank, prestige and elitism. However, close examination of Northwest Coast ethnography and of the content and context of prehistoric Northwest Coast art indicates that there is an underlying spiritual dimension to the art tradition and that this dimension was the likely catalyst for the development of the art tradition in its early stages. In this paper the archaeological evidence fiom the excavations at the Pender Canal site and a summary of the ethnographic data relevant to this proposition are presented.
CARTER, Matthew Archaeology Unit, Memorial University of Newfoundland AN ANALYSIS OF A SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY BLACKSMITH SHOP AT FERRYLAND, NEWFOUNDLAND Session 9, May 3, 15:OO 1 Seance 9,3 mai, 15 h 00
During the summer of 1994 a Memorial University field crew completed the excavation of a smithy in an area of Ferryland commonly referred to as "The Pool." The excavations revealed a forge of stone construction, measuring approximately 1.2 by 1.8 metres, as well as other structural evidence and an immense amount of iron and slag. The smithy was in a remarkable state of preservation, enabling archaeologists to retrieve a vast amount of information. This paper will discuss dating of the forge and the layout of the smithy. Various types of artifacts will be described to help determine what types of items.were being manufactured and repaired by the . Ferryland smiths.
COOPER, Janet andlet Peter BlMMXDWN Petun Research Institute PETUN WORKED BONE AND SHELL STUDY PROJECT Poster room, May 2-4 / Chambre des expositions, 2-4 mai
An introduction to the newly-formed Petun Research Institute, its repository and the facilities available to archaeologists working in this area of Ontario history and prehistory. Eghlighted is the faunal research project recently begun by Peter Hamalainen and Janet Cooper under the PRI umbrella, focussing in its initial phase on the rich faunal artifact recovery fiom the Sidey-Mackay site excavated by Wintemberg in the 1920s and Garrad in the 1970s.
CO'CTPJAND, Gary Deparhnent of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Andrew MARmALE Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, and/et Susan MARSDEN Museum of Northern British Columbia, Prince Rupert DOES RESOURCE ABUNDANCE EXPLAIN LOCAL GROUP RANK AMONG THE TSIMSHIAN? Session 2% May 2, 11:OO / Seance 2% 2 mai, 11 h 00
Tsimshian local groups of the late 18th and 19th centuries owned resource territories and were ranked relative to each other in terms of social preference. This paper explores factors underlying local group rank. We find low, and even negative, correlations among local group rank, population size, and resource abundance, measured in terms of salmon escapement. During the period in question, local group rank was dynamic and mutable, while local group territories and resource abundance were largely static. Evidence indicates that warfare and trade explain the structure of Tsimshian local group rank rather than resource abundance and population. CYBULSKI, Jerome S. Canadian Museum of CivilizationlMusee canadien des civilisations HUMAN BIOLOGICAL RELATIONSHE'S ON THE NORTH COAST Session 2b, May 2, 13:40 / Seance 2b, 2 mai, 13 h 40
A 1992 biological distance analysis of four skeletal samples defhed a close relationship between Prince Rupert Harbour and Greenville on the North Coast but emphasized Blue Jackets Creek as a distinct entity. Additional samples, with tests of statistical significance, confirm a cohesiveness of the north mainland coast groups, possibly an indicator of common Tsimshian ancestry to circa 3,000 years ago. In this analysis, the 4,000 year-old skeletons fiom Blue Jackets Creek remain a separate entity, sigmficantly apart also fiom later Haida Gwaii inhabitants. The later, historic period samples are closer to those of the prehistoric north mainland coast but maintain a separate identity, possibly reflecting physiographic impediments to contact as well as diierent ancestral origins.
D'ANDREA, A. Catherine Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University DISPERSAL OF DOMESTICATED PLANTS INTO NORTHEASTERN JAPAN Session 4, May 2, 14:40 1 Seance 4,2 mai, 14 h 40
Recent archaeobotanical research in northeastern Japan has demonstrated the presence of buckwheat, millets, rice and other domesticates in Jomon contexts. In this paper it is argued that the introduction of domesticated plants may not have caused major changes in Jomon subsistence. It is krther suggested that rice dispersed into northeastern Japan independently of wet-paddy technology, and its spread may not have been significantly slowed by cultural and ecological factors. Instead, the character of later Jomon settlement and subsistence in the northeast may have facilitated the introduction of wet-paddy rice agriculture.
DEAL, Michael andlet Aaron BUTT Archaeology Unit, Memorial University of Newfoundland BEOTHUK PALAEOETHNOBOTANY: CURRENT RESEARCH AND FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS Session 11, May 4,09:00 1 Seance 11,4 mai, 09 h 00
At present very little is known about Beothuk plant use. The best potential source of new information is through palaeoethnobotanical research. Since 1990, MUN students have been examining plant remains recovered fiom Beothuk components at Deer Lake Beach (BhDi-6), Boyd's Cove (DiAp-3) and Ferryland (CgAf-2). In the summer of 1995, hearth features in Beothuk housepits at the Beaches site (DeAk-4- 1), Trinity Bay, were systematically sampled for palaeoethnobotanical study. This paper focuses on the objectives and results of the Beaches Project, updates our current knowledge of Beothuk plant use and relates the known distribution of Beothuk archaeological sites to recognized ecological regions on the island of Newfoundland. DENTON, David Cree Regional Authority LARGE-SCALE RESOURCE EXPLOITATION, ARCHAEOLOGY AND ABORIGINAL INTERESTS IN QUEBEC Session la, May 2, 11:20 / Seance la, 2 mai, 11 h 20
The paper reviews the relationship between aboriginal groups, government and developers &th respect to archaeology, both in the context of the James Bay hydro project and in more recent mining and forestry operations. Positive and negative aspects of some alternative models for involvement of First Nations in such archaeological projects will be discussed. While the cases discussed in the paper centre on the Cree, examples fiom other native groups in Quebec will also be examined.
DRAKE, Martha Historic Resources Division, Goveinment of Newfoundland and Labrador (TITLE UNAVAILABLE) Session lb, May 2, 15:40 / Seance lb, 2 mai, 15 h 40
DYCK, Ian Canadian Museum of Civilization/Musee canadien des civilisations HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON A NINETEENTH-C-Y COLLECTION OF ABORIGINAL POTTERY FROM ALBERTA Session 3, May 2, 11 :00 / Seance 3,2 mai, 11 h 00
Among the earliest of Alberta collections in the Canadian Museum of Civilization are a couple of handlls of poorly documented potsherds belonging to a single aboriginal vessel. Reconstruction shows that this was a medium-size globular pot with a vertical cord-impressed body surface, slightly ridged shoulder, near vertical rim, and a flat lip with diagonal notch-like incisions. Historical research reveals that it was collected on the Red Deer River in 1889 by the Geological Survey of Canada's first I11-time museum employee, Thomas C. Weston. It also shows that collection occurred at an intermediate stage in northern Plains ceramic studies, after the era of manufacture and use, but before the development of anthropological concepts for ceramic analysis. This may account for its lack of analysis during the nineteenth century. Though not well known, this pottery has figured in various twentieth-century ceramic studies. Recent comparison with better documented specimens indicates a probable age in the range of AD 1,100-1,400. Cultural association appears to lie with a poorly established grouping variously known as Ethridge ware, Wascana ware and Late Variant Saskatchewan Basin complex.
FEDJE, Daryl Canadian HeritagePatrimoine canadien, Victoria EARLY HOLOCENE ARCHAEOLOGY AT RICHARDSON ISLAND, HAIDA GWAU Session 10, May 3, 15:OO / Seance 10, 3 mai, 15 h 00
The Richardson Island site is a multicomponent campsite dating to the early Holocene. The site includes two localities, one in the present-day intertidal zone and one on a 15-metre raised beach. In 1995 deeply stratified cultural deposits associated with the 15-metre raised beach portion of this site were investigated through examination of natural exposures, systematic auger sampling and test excavation. The cultural horizons date fiom ca. 9,050 BP at the base to ca. 8,000 BP near the top. The lower horizons are characterized by abundant bifaces and large stone tools while the upper horizons exhibit high fiequencies of rnicroblades, microblade cores, large stone tools and a few bifaces. Lithic analysis fiom the well-dated archaeological components at Richardson Island and nearby Echo Bay suggests that a technological transition occurred shortly after 9,000 RCYBP. Before 9,000, biface technology is well represented and there is very limited evidence for microblade technology. After this time evidence for bifaces becomes rare while microblade technology is abundantly represented. This evidence fits well to that recovered fiom other sites in Haida Gwaii as well as fiom Namu on the Central Coast and several maritime sites in southern Alaska.
FERRIS, Neil Ontario Ministry of Citizenship, Culture and Recreation PLANNING FOR THE PLANNING ACT.. .AGAIN Session 15, May 4, 14:OO I Seance 15,4 may, 14 h 00
On March 28th 1995, the Ontario Government passed a revised Planning Act which, among other things, consolidated and enhanced archaeological conservation provisions in the provincial land use planning process. On June 6th 1995, the Ontario Conservative party won a majority government in the provincial election and, amongst other things, immediately proposed reforming the Planning Act. The NEW new Planning Act is currently slated to be revised and proclaimed by the summer of 1996. At the time of writing this abstract, archaeological conservation provisions are proposed for the new version of the Act, albeit addressed in a starkly reformed manner. This paper offers a personal "tour" of the seemingly endless cycle of revising legislation, implementing policy and training users to address archaeological conservation in land use planning over the last three years; and considers the implications of the current changes in land use planning for the continued(?) conservation of archaeological heritage during a time of radically changing government priorities and realities.
FTNLEY, Scott andlet Dale HOOD Washburn and Gillis Associates Ltd. RE-EVALUATING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SOME CANOE ROUTES Session 7, May 3,09:40 1 Seance 7,3 mai, 09 h 40
Assessment of linear corridors can provide researchers with new perspectives and opportunities, especially if the approach includes the integration of multi-disciplinary data. This was found to be the case during an Environmental Impact Assessment of a 125 km-long Trans-Canada Highway corridor through southern New Brunswick. Research and collation of cultural and bio-physical data have resulted in a new interpretation of the association between several archaeological sites and the Washademoak-Petitcodiac canoe route. This paper presents data that point to nearly 4,000 years of route utilization. Cow Point, at the western end of Grand Lake area, is not an anomalous burial site along a pre-contact backwater. The paper presents the hypothesis that Cow Point is at a highly productive hub or confluence of pre-contact travel routes. Data supporting that contention are provided.
FTEHITGH, William Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution MDITNG IN THE NORTH: COMMUNITY ISSUES IN THE FROBISHER BAY META INCOGNITA PROJECT Session la, May 2, 08:40 / Seance la, 2 mai, 08 h 40
In 1990 a proposal for archaeological studies at the Kodlunarn Island site in outer Frobisher Bay, the site of Martin Frobisher's "gold" mines of 1576-78, initiated the development of a large research programme on the history, remains and consequences of Frobisher's voyages and mines in the New World. In addition to archaeology, the project included Inuit oral history, archival studies, environmental sciences and geology. This paper deals with community aspects of the MIP project: local interest, permissions, educational values, research training, museum issues, publicity, tourism and economic impacts, and residual effects. Although organized as a research project, perspectives from the MIP may be usehl in thinking about the role of research as a component of large-scale development and mining programmes elsewhere in the North, and their impacts on local communities.
FLADMARK, Knut Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University FROM LAND TO SEA: LATE QUATERNARY ENVIRONMENTS OF THE NORTHERN NORTHWEST COAST Session 2% May 2,09:40 1 Seance 2% 2 mai, 09 h 40
This paper summarizes current information regardiig Late Quaternary environments of the Northern Northwest Coast. Special attention will be paid to palaeoenvironmental factors with the potential of absolutely limiting a human presence in any given region, or strongly affecting cultural adaptations, including the timing and extent of Late Pleistocene ice-advances, major sea-level changes and the developmental histories of the Stikine, Nass and Skeena River systems. Lesser attention will be paid to the evolution of terrestrial biotic systems since about 15-20,000 years BP, , as revealed by palynological studies. Because of significant intra-regional variation, palaeoenvironments will be discussed in terms of three subareas: 1. the Queen Charlotte Islands, 2. Southeastern Alaska and, 3. the northern mainland coast, extending inland along the rivers to about Telegraph Creek-Hazelton. A particularly interesting feature was an emergent land-bridge which connected the Queen Charlotte Islands to the mainland in the early Holocene and which ended in a very rapid rise in sea-levels about 9-10,000 BP, possibly recorded in Haida flood legends. Other potentially catastrophic events described in native traditions include the Aiyansh lava flow about 220 BP in the Nass River valley and the Rocher Deboule landslide in the Skeena River valley about 3,500 years ago. FRIESEN, Max Department of Anthropology, McGill University PATTERNS OF MEAT STORAGE AND TRANSPORT INFERRED FROM THREE CACHES NEAR BAKER LAKE, NUNAVUT Session 8b, May 3, 13:30 / Seance 8b, 3 mai, 13 h 30
Large-scale storage of meat is a crucial component of many hunter-gatherer subsistence systems, and often entails the construction of specialized caches. However, our ability to reconstruct past storage behaviour is limited by the fact that caches are usually emptied by their builders, leaving little zooarchaeological evidence behind. This paper reports on the contents of three caches near Baker Lake, Nunawt, which are remarkable because their contents were never retrieved, leaving a large sample of bones derived fiom a minimum of 14 caribou. The observed element distributions are discussed in terms of meat utility indices, transport costs and ethnographically- documented patterns of caribou butchery.
GAULTON, Barry Archaeology Unit, Memorial University of Newfoundland FLAGSTONES, COBBLESTONES AND ROOF SLATES: SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY STONE CONSTRUCTION AT FERRYLAND, NEWFOUNDLAND Session 9, May 3, 15:40 1 Seance 9,3 mai, 15 h 40
In the small fishing community of Ferryland, excavations along a section of the sheltered inner harbour known as "The Pool" have unearthed the remains of numerous seventeenth-century stone structures and features, including a large complex of stone walls, flagstone and cobblestone floors and thousands of roof slates. These well-preserved structural remains provide a unique opportunity to study seventeenth-century colonial architecture. Initial construction of these buildings occurred shortly after George Calvert, later the kst Lord Baltimore, established the colony in 1621. Artifactual evidence, structural additions and the construction of new buildings indicate a continuous occupation of this site throughout the seventeenth century. This paper focuses on describing the stone structures and their associated features, and dating the complex stratigraphic layers to establish a sequence of construction, occupation and destruction.
GENDRON, Daniel andlet Tommy WEETALUKTUK Avataq Cultural Institute PUBLIC AWARENESS AND ARCHAEOLOGY IN NUNAVIK Session la, May 2,09:00 / Seance la, 2 mai, 09 h 00
GILBERT, William Archaeology Unit, Memorial University of Newfoundland THE SEARCH FOR CUPERS COVE Session 9, May 3, 14:OO / Seance 9, 3 mai, 14 h 00
In August, 1610, the London and Bristol Company for the Plantation of Newfoundland established a colony at Cupers Cove (now Cupids) in Conception Bay, Newfoundland. The Cupers Cove colony was the first ~n~lishcolony established in Canada. Although never a commercial success, the plantation marked the beghhg of permanent European settlement in Newfoundland. Archaeological work was conducted at Cupids during 1973 and 1974 but failed to locate the Cupers Cove site. During July 1995 an archaeological survey of Cupids was conducted under the direction of the author and an early seventeenth-century site was discovered. Initial excavations were also undertaken to determine the site's state of preservation and potential for Mher excavation. Historians have generally held that the Cupers Cove colony was abandoned during the 1620s. However, the data recovered in 1995 suggests that the colony may have continued much longer than had previously been believed. Artifacts indicate an ongoing occupation or utilization of the area throughout most of the seventeenth century. The paper will detail the techniques used to locate the site and describe the results of the survey.
GILBERT,William Archaeology Unit, Memorial University of Newfoundland THE RUSSELL'S POINT SITE: A PROTOHISTORIC BEOTHUK SITE IN TRINITY BAY Session 11, May 4, 09:20 1 Seance 11,4 mai, 09 h 00
In August, 1610, Newfoundland's first official colony was established at Cupers Cove (now Cupids) in Conception Bay under the direction of John Guy. In the autumn of 1612, Guy and 18 other colonists set sail from Cupids into Trinity Bay in an effort to establish friendly relations with the Beothuk Indians. On 26 October, the colonists discovered a Beothuk camp on the shores of a "great fiesh water lake" about a mile inland fiom the bottom of Trinity Bay. The Russell's Point site is located on the western side of Dildo Pond in the community of Blaketown at the bottom of Trinity Bay. It was discovered in 1988 using information contained in John Guy's journal of his voyage and is generally believed to be the site visited by him on 26 October, 1612. Excavations were conducted at the site during 1994 and 1995 by the author. The results of these excavations combined with documentary evidence suggest that Russell's Point was a caribou kill site utilized by the Beothuk during the annual fall migration. Roughly 1,000 artifacts have been recovered to date and a high proportion of these are stone arrowheads typical of the protohistoric period. A small amount of European material has also been recovered, indicating that the Beothuks at Russell's Point had some contact with either migratory fishermen or colonists. The author will describe the results of the excavations to date and utilize archaeological data and documentary evidence in an attempt to better understand both the Russell's Point site and the Beothuk occupation of Trinity Bay. HAMILTON, Scott Department of Anthropology, Lakehead University, andjet B.A. NICHOLSON Department of Native Studies, Brandon University VICKERS FOCUS OCCUPATION OF SOUTHWESTERN MANITOBA: ISSUES OF ENVIRONMENTAL ADAPTATION AND CULTURAL ORIGINS Session 12, May 4, 10:OO / Seance 12,4 mai, 10 h 00
Archaeological reconnaissance and excavation in the Lauder Sandhills of southwestern Manitoba has revealed a dense cluster of late Pre-Contact archaeological sites that can be termed culturally exotic. These sites relate to the Vickers Focus that is believed to derive fiom the Missouri and Mississippi River drainage basins of Minnesota, Iowa and the Dakotas. After two field seasons of reconnaissance, at least seven sites have been recorded within less than 2 square kilometres: more than tripling the former inventory of Vickers Focus sites in Manitoba. This begs the question, what environmental conditions attracted these people to the Sandhills locality, and also fiom what cultural milieu these people derived. Palaeo-environmental reconstructions indicate that they were attracted to a rich ecotone composed of wetlands and deciduous forest groves surrounded by mixed grass prairie. We further propose that Vickers Focus reflects a northerly expression of the late Plains Woodland Tradition, with as yet undetermined linkages to the Plains Village groups who brought sedentary horticultural village Life to the eastern Plains.
HUM-HARm, Susan Federal Archaeology Office, Canadian HeritageBureau federal d7archCologie,Patrimoine canadien IS SHARED LEADERSHIP AN OXYMORON? Session 15, May 4, 13:40 / Seance 15,4 mai, 13 h 40
Budget pressures, downsizing , legislative and territorial issues are forcing all organizations, whether public or private, to re-evaluate their priorities and program delivery capability. The recently formed Federal Archaeology Office of Parks Canada, is no dierent. This presentation examines challenges that are being faced as the FA0 attempts to provide federal leadership in archaeological resource management and the approaches that are being used or contemplated to meet that objective.
HITNSTON, Jeff Yukon Heritage Branch THE FEDERAL "NEVER ENDING" STORY - A YUKON PERSPECTIVE AND ALTERNATIVE Session 3, May 2, 11:20 1 Seance 3, 2 mai, 11 h 20
Burley (CJA, Vol. 18, 1994) has provided Canadian Archaeology with a provocative and detailed analysis of historical attempts to develop federal heritage legislation. In the absence of effective mechanisms to meet Yukon's interests in the area of archaeological resource protection and management, Yukon has addressed the matter through its own initiatives. The Yukon Historic Resources Act (1991), Act to Amend the Historic Resources Act (1996), Council for Yukon Indians Umbrella Final Agreement - Chapter 13: Heritage; Chapter 10: Special Management Areas; Chapter 12: Development Assessment, Yukon Archaeology Program (1988), Yukon Palaeontology Program (1996) and planned Yukon Historic Resources Centre (announced in 1994) will provide the legislative basis to address heritage resource preservation outside of National Parks and Sites.
IVES,John W. Provincial Museum of Alberta ATHAF'ASKANS AND THE NORTHWESTERN PLAINS PERIPHERY Session 12, May 4, 11 :20 1 Seance 12,4 mai, 11 h 20
The Northwestern Plains occupy a critical geographic location for any explanation of how Apachean Athapaskans left the Subarctic. Although the appearance of Athapaskans in this region is very likely to have low archaeological visibility, the existing record is often misinterpreted - particularly fiom the perspective of the southwestern.United States and the southern Plains. In this contribution, I will outline the characteristics of the archaeological signature we should expect for Subarctic Athapaskans departing for the Plains. Existing literature tends to emphasize factors (such as the White River Ash falls) that might have "pushed" Apachean ancestors fiom the boreal forest. It is equally important to understand the kind of world Subarctic Athapaskans might have been drawn toward in the late pre-contact history of the northwestern Plains.
JERKIC, Sonja M. Archaeology Unit, Memorial University of Newfoundland BEOTHUK BIOLOGY: NEW VIEWS FROM OLD MATERIAL Session 11, May 4, 09:40 1 Seance ll,4 mai, 09 h 40
Archaeological remains and interpretations have provided the major insights into Beothuk lives and development. Historical documents have supplemented this information and have, additionally, provided descriptions of Beothuk physical attributes. Physical anthropological studies, scanty at best, have been limited because of a paucity of skeletal remains. However, recent studies of Beothuk skeletal and mudedremains have added data derived from DNA recovery, isotope analysis, C14 dating, histology and parasitology to standard metric and morphological analysis. The results are adding to historical and archaeological research as well as posing new questions.
JOSENHANS,Heiner Atlantic Geoscience Centre, Bedford Institute of Oceanography andjet Daryl FEDJE Canadian Heritagekatrimoine canadien, Victoria LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION OF HAJDA GWAII AND HECATE STRAIT: A STORY OF EARLY HUMANS, RAPIDLY FALLING SEAS AND GLACIERS Session 10, May 3 , 13:40 I Seance 10,3 mai, 13 h 40
The landscapes of Haida Gwaii and the adjacent marine areas of Hecate Strait have experienced dramatic changes since the end of the last ice age about 13,500 years ago. Sea-level changes in this area marked a balance between global sea-level changes and local uplift or subsidence of the land. For example, if the land rose faster than global sea-level then sea-level would appear to fall. Our findings reflect this relative sea-level as it changed over time. Collaborative studies with archeologists onshore and marine geologists offshore reveal raised beaches and associated coastal features up to 15 m above the present coast which formed when the sea-level was higher about 9,000 years ago. Abundant human artifacts such as stone tools and microblades fiom these raised coastal sites date fiom at least 9,300 years before present. Marine geological studies of drowned landscapes within the Haida Gwaii archipelago and seaward in Hecate Strait show that sea-level was 110 m below present by 10,400 years ago. We have verified and calibrated this dramatic sea-level change in seven areas throughout the Haida Gwaii region and determined that sea-level rose 150 m in 1,500 years starting about 10,500 years ago. This amounts to about 10 cm per year of sea-level change! The reconstructed palaeogeography during this period of lowered sea-level shows that the area of exposed land around Haida Gwaii was vastly increased, extending almost to the mainland. The exposed banks had low relief, were dotted with lakes, crossed by rivers and underlain by easily eroded sandstone and mudstone. Pollen records fiom drowned lake sediments indicate open grassland colonized by herbs, sedges, pine and spruce in areas now drowned by the sea. This episode of lowered sea-levels and exposed land lasted at least 2,000 years. Before ca. 14,000 BP glaciers originating fiom the coast range in B.C. and local piedmont glaciers fiom Haida Gwaii dominated the area. At the height of glaciation Juan Perez Sound was covered by a piedmont glacier about 200-400 m thick fed by localized mountain glaciers. This piedmont glacier terminated 30 krn fiom the head of Juan Perez Sound. Adjacent Laskeek Bank was not glaciated at this time. Following retreat of lowland valley glaciers, mountain glaciers and their meltwater continued to deposit abundant glacial outwish and rock flour in the fiord basins of Logan Met and Huston Met until ca. 12,500 BP.
KAPLAN, Susan A. Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Bowdoin College EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LABRADOR INUIT CULTURE: SOCIAL AND ENVRO~ALSTRESS OR ECONOMIC SUCCESS? Session 6, May 3, 11:40 / Seance 6, 3 mai, 11 h 40
Scholars have diering hypotheses concerning what factor(s) might have triggered the architectural and societal changes reflected in 18th-century Labrador. One hypothesis proposes that Labrador Inuit culture evolved in response to stressful conditions resulting fiom the cooling of the environment during the Little Ice Age. A competing hypothesis argues that socio- economic changes were a means of dealing with population growth and contact with Europeans. This paper re-examines these hypotheses in light of new archaeological and environmental data. LEE, Ellen Aboriginal Policy/Claims, New Parks and Sites, Federal Archaeology Office, Canadian Heritage/Politiques et revendications autochtones, Nouveaux parcs et lieux, Bureau federal d'archeologie, Patrimoine canadien NORTHERN CLAIMS AND CULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Session 15, May 4, 16:20 1 Seance 15,4 mai, 16 h 20
In the four northern land claim agreements negotiated and signed during the 1980s and 1990s, only three include sections that deal with matters connected with culture, heritage and archaeological resources. The TFN, CCM and Sahtu Agreement all recognize Aboriginal interest in their heritage and allow for local involvement in managing archaeological resources. Only the oldest of the northern claims - the Inuvialuit Final Agreement, signed in 1984, does not include such provisions. This situation will be remedied in areas within settlement land that become new National Parks, as can be seen in the Aulavik National Park Establishment Agreement. The different ways in which these Agreements handle the assertion of Aboriginal interest, the ownership of archaeological specimens, repatriation and human remains will be compared.
LEMOINE, Genevieve Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Bowdoin College LATE DORSET ARCHITECTURE ON LITTLE CORNWALLIS ISLAND Session 16, May 4, 15:OO / Seance 16,4 mai, 15 h 00
Two remarkably well preserved Late Dorset semi-subterranean midpassage houses were recently excavated on Little Cornwallis Island by the Central High Arctic Archaeology Project (CHAAP). These houses provide a wealth of information about both house construction techniques and household organization. In this paper we describe the architecture of these two houses, and discuss how they expand our understanding of Late Dorset society.
LEONARD, Kevin Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto THE ROOTS OF FOOD PRODUCTION IN THE MARITIMES Session 4, May 2, 14:20 / Seance 4,2 mai, 14 h 20
Seventy-five grams of charred tubers recovered fiom a 14th-century A.D. crematory ossuary in southeastern New Brunswick have been identified as Apios americana, or Groundnut. A brief description of recovery and identification techniques is provided. Economic benefits reaped fiom, and horticultural lessons learned fiom tuber management may have predisposed Woodland period foragers in the Maritimes to experiment with ever more complex and riskier, yet potentially more rewarding, forms of cultivation. LEONARD, Kevin Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto LATE WOODLAND PERIOD CERAMICS FROM SKULL ISLAND, NEW BRUNSWICK Poster room, May 2-4 / Chambre des expositions, 2-4 mai
The excavation of a Late Woodland cremation burial pit in southeastern New Brunswick has yielded a unique opportunity to learn more about the ceramic arts of that time. Reconstruction of six vessels demonstrates the existence of a wider range of decorative motifs and vessel sizes than previously believed. This assemblage sheds new light on vessel construction, decoration, and use by aboriginal people of the Maritimes in late prehistory.
LEPOFSKY, Dana Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University PALAEOETHNOBOTANY AND SITE FORMATION PROCESSES AT A PITHOUSE VILLAGE ON THE BRITISH COLUMBIA PLATEAU Session 4, May 2, 13:40 / Seance 4,2 mai, 13 h 40
Considering the source and context of palaeoethnobotanical remains is a critical component of understanding site formation processes. At the Keatley Creek pithouse village site, located on the British Columbia Plateau, excellent preservation of charred and uncharred botanical remains allowed such an analysis. I examined the abundance and distribution of archaeobotanical remains in the roof, rim and floor deposits of a large, a medium and a small housepit. By considering the source and context of the remains, I was able to reconstruct in detail how these deposits were formed. These results allow cultural interpretations not only of the archaeobotanical remains, but also the other remains recovered fiom the houses.
LOGAN, Judith A. Canadian Conservation Institute, Canadian HeritageIInstitut canadien de conservation, Patrimoine canadien, Ted D'EON Societe Historique de Pubnico-Ouest and/et Stephen POWELL Nova Scotia Museum THE WEST PUBMCO ABOITEAU: A COMMUNITY CONSERVING ITS HERITAGE Session 7, May 3, 11:20 / Seance 7,3 mai, 11 h 20
In 1990, residents of West Pubnico, Nova Scotia, noticed some wood eroding out of a beach. In 1994 the shallow layer of grass, soil and gravel covering it was removed and it was discovered that the wood was the end of an aboiteau. It was in a very vulnerable position and was apt to be damaged or destroyed by storms and high tides. For protection, it was covered with plastic and re-buried. Members of the Societk Historique de Pubnico-Ouest then contacted the office of the provincial archaeologist and the Canadian Conservation Institute. The Soci6t6 wished to excavate and conserve the aboiteau, then place it on display in a museum in Pubnico. This paper will chronicle the process that the community, provincial and federal authorities followed in order to ensure that the concerns of all the parties were addressed. Issues with a project that includes archaeology, conservation and community involvement will be discussed. LORING, Stephen Arctic Studies Center, Smithsonian Institution FOOT-LOOSE AND FANCY FREE: REFLECTIONS ON NINETY YEARS OF VOISEYS BAY ARCHAEOLOGY Session lb, May 2, 13:40 I Seance lb, 2 mai, 13 h 40
The archaeology and ethnohistory of Voisey's Bay is approached fiom several perspectives: fiom the observations and experiences of an intrepid Boston Algonquinist, William Brooks Cabot, between 1903-19 10; from the archaeological and ethnological research of William Duncan Strong in 1927-1928, and fiom the Smithsonian-sponsored archaeological research of William Fitzhugh and Stephen Loring beginning in 1874.
LORING, Stephen (Chairlpresident) Arctic Studies Center, Smithsonian Institution, Kevin MCALEESE Newfoundland Museum, Moira MCCAFFREY McCord Museum of Canadian History, andlet Marianne P. STOPP Historic Resources Division, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador PARTNERS FOR THE PAST; ARCHAEOLOGY AND THE FIRST NATIONS IN QUEBEC AND THE ATLANTIC PROVINCES. PART 1. WORKING WITH TROWEL AND ELDERS: AN INCLUSIVE APPROACH TO THE PAST IN EASTERN CANADA Session la, May 2,08:30-12:OO I Seance la, 2 mai, 08 h 30 - 12 h 00
There has now been over a century of archaeological research in eastern Canada. Emerging out of late 19th-century antiquarian and ethnological inquiries, archaeology remained the pursuit of a small, dedicated cadre of amateurs and academics until the late 1960s, when the expansion of archaeology departments in Canadian universities and museums, coupled with the proliferation of large-scale archaeological CRM programmes and increased public awareness, radically transformed the discipline. Part of this expanded agenda has been an archaeology concerned with linking itself to the needs and interests of native communities. This is a major development of archaeology in eastern Canada. This session seeks to explore the roots and current directions of the relationship between archaeological research and policy and the First Nations.
LUMDRIGAN, Nicole Department of Anthropology, Saint Mary's University A COMPUTER-GENERATED LAB FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY AT A PRE-COLLEGE LEVEL Poster room, May 2-4 I Charnbre des expositions, 2-4 mai
Growing academic opportunities in the field of forensic anthropology and archaeology warrant an earlier introduction to this discipline. This computer programme, in the form of a fictitious missing persons case, includes a series of lessons and exercises to emphasize the basic principles of forensic anthropology and archaeology. Students plan and execute a Pedestrian Reconnaissance Search, proceed through a Surface Recovery exercise, and participate in a simulated excavation to unearth several human bones. Based on the features highlighted in the programme, students complete a biological work-up of the unknown individual and make a positive identification by observing DNA banding patterns. A workbook is provided for recording data and sketches. Such a programme aids in bridging the gap between precollege and college education and introduces an expanding field of study in a fbn and informative manner.
MACDONALD, George Canadian Museum of CivilizationlMusee canadien des civilisations THE NORTH COAST PREHISTORY PROJECT: A THIRTY-YEAR PERSPECTIVE Session 2% May 2, 09: 10 / Seance 2% 2 mai, 09 h 10
The North Coast Prehistory Project began in 1966 as an outgrowth of the Skeena River Project initiated immediately after World War I by Harlan I. Smith, Diamond Jenness and Marius Barbeau of the National Museum of Canada (Canadian Museum of Civilization). The excavation programme, centred in Prince Rupert Harbour, was designed to add time depth to the incredibly rich ethno-historical record that had been compiled earlier. A range of large and small village sites and resource-linked seasonal camps and heavily fortified sites were sampled, and a chronology covering six millennia was established. A main objective was to record the development of the distinctive settlement pattern and architectural features of contact period communities. A second aim was to document the development of the distinctive material culture, particularly in wood and perishable materials. A third aim was to document the physical anthropological history of the harbour, particularly to detect if intrusive populations had inhabited the area at any time over the last five millennia as suggested in the mythology.
MAC=, Alexander British Columbia Heritage Branch, andlet Ian SUMPTER Canadian HeritageIPatrimoine canadien, Victoria SHORELINE INVENTORY IN GWAII HAANAS: LEARNING FROM THE RESULTS Session 10, May 3, 14:20 / S6ance 10, 3 mai, 14 h 20
A five-year project has completed the shoreline inventory of Gwaii Haanas in south Haida Gwaii. More than 400 sites are now known along a shoreline strip more than 1,500 km long. We evaluate the inventory results, including: survey effectiveness; changes to methods which evolved with growing knowledge and changing research goals, and a temporal and geographical distribution of sites. We explore the opportunities which such data offer in context of a digitally mapped inventory of natural resource and feature details.
MACLEAN, Laurie Burnside Heritage Foundation LITHIC MATERIAL PREFERENCES AMONG BONAVISTA BAY BEOTHUK Session 11, May 4, 10:OO 1 Seance 11,4 mai, 10 h 00
Archaeologists have identified the raw materials and tool morphologies that are considered characteristic of Beothuk lithic technology. Recent excavations at a large living site and a nearby rhyolite quarry in Bonavista Bay, Newfoundland, provide insights into regional expressions of these general attributes. This perspective is potentially usefbl for dating occupations, assessing varying intensities of long distance distribution of valued materials, and assessing European impact on Beothuk life.
MAGNE, Martin Canadian HeritageIPatrimoine canadien, Calgary MICROBLADE TECHNOLOGY IN GWAII HAANAS Session 10, May 3, 15:40 / Seance 10, 3 mai, 15 h 40
1995 excavations at the Richardson Island site (1 127T) produced a sizeable microblade sample that allows technological analysis to extend beyond that previously reported for microcores. This paper describes the Richardson Island microblades and conlpares this sample to microblades from other sites on the northern Northwest Coast.
MARSDEN, Susan Museum of Northern British Columbia, Prince Rupert DEFENDING THE MOUTH OF THE SKEENA: PERSPECTIVES ON TSIMSHIAN- TLINGIT RELATIONS Session 2b, May 2, 14:OO / Seance 2b, 2 mai, 14 h 00
This paper explores the possible coincidence of the oral record (adaawxlada'ol) of the Tsimshian and the Tlingit with the findings of Northwest Coast archaeology. In particular, key events in the common history of the Tsimshian and the Tlingit are examined in the light of archaeological work on the Skeena River and at Prince Rupert Harbour. Consideration is also given to recent palaeo- botanical and geological studies in the region. Discussion includes the potential role of oral history in archaeological projects and the need for a rigorous methodology in the review and interpretation of the oral record.
lMARTELLE HAYTER, Holly Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto COMMUNICATING FEMINIST CONCERNS; HURON POTTERS IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTS Session 12, May 4,09:20 / SCance 12,4 mai, 09 h 20
Ceramic studies in archaeology have grown increasingly diverse and sophisticated in the last twenty years, guided by both theoretical and methodological developments in the field. However, archaeological investigations of Huron ceramics generally have not stayed abreast of these advancements and continue to employ the interpretive and typological constructs of earlier decades. A concern with gender as a structuring force in guiding both the daily activities of past Huron peoples and the questions and conclusions of researchers who investigate them, reveals that the pots made by women have been treated more or less as archaeological tools rather than material products of functional, technological, social, and symbolic systems. Cautionary tales derived fiom ethnographic research in the American Southwest, &ca, and Mesoamerica, suggest that Huron scholars' continued use of ceramic-based constructs (i.e. the "captive bride syndrome," and "Huron Incised") is problematic without concurrent and supplementary contextual analysis. Given we know very little about ceramic production and distribution in Huronia (who produced the pots? one woman? many women? one woman per household? were they exchanged between villages? ) we risk a naive and simplistic reconstruction of the past. An investigation of pottery production and distribution, as one aspect of "women's work," is integral to cultural reconstruction.
MATITUS, Cathy andlet Ellen FOULKES Archaeology Unit, Memorial University of Newfoundland BEHIND THE SCENES: CONSERVATION SUPPORT FOR HISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGY Session 9, May 3, 16:OO / Seance 9, 3 mai, 16 h 00
If all the material found at historic sites was that portrayed in such books as "Here Lies Virginia," and "Artifacts of Colonial America," by Ivor Noel Hume, archaeological conservators would be in heaven, though for the most part unemployed. Roughly speaking, with regard to the Ferryland site, for every 'nice' artifact, you must process and conserve 5,000. This will include seeds, leaves, bug casings, bone fiagments, textile, rope, lead shot, nails, copper sheet fiagrnents, ceramics and glass sherds, to mention just a few. Unfortunately, these smd finds do not receive the credit they are due. Perhaps not the most photogenic, they nonetheless provide the raw data from which a significant amount of the archaeologist's interpretation is constructed. With continued technological advancement in such fields as isotope geochemistry, these fiagments someday may be keys to the interpretation of past peoples' environments. It is the purpose of this paper to demonstrate just what goes on behind the scenes - to generate suggestions and insight and appreciation, for much of this work is done by the non-conservator, often by the very people whose heritage we are exposing to the world.
MCALEESE, Kevin Newfoundland Museum IdCr-14 ROSE ISLAND: THE REINTERREMENT OF BURIALS AND ASSOCIATED ARTIFACTS Session la, May 2,09:20 / Seance la, 2 mai, 09 h 20
In August, 1995, the grave goods and human remains excavated fiom IdCr-14 in northern Labrador were reburied at the request of the Labrador Inuit Association. Prior to reburial, this late Thulelearly historic Inuit assemblage, excavated in the early 1970s as part of doctoral dissertation research, underwent various analyses. Casting of significant artifacts for researchlexhibit/educationpurposes was also conducted, along with detailed cataloguing. This paper reviews the analyses, casting process and reburial process, the latter conducted by the author, two Inuit elders and a field crew. Recommendations are made regarding the treatment of "reburial collections" by museums and Aboriginal Peoples. MCC-Y, Moira McCord Museum of Canadian History BUlLDING COMMON GROUND: AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF MICHIKAMATS LAKE, NORTH-CENTRAL LABRADOR Session 1a, May 2, 10:40 / Seance 1a, 2 mai, 10 h 40
Michikamau Lake in Labrador was an important hunting area and travel route known to the Innu for time immemorial. When the Smallwood Reservoir was created, Michikamau became a veritable ocean, submerging all traces of past Innu occupation. At the invitation of the Innu Nation, an archaeological survey was carried out last summer along the shores of Michikamats Lake, in the northernmost part of the reservoir (an area where the water has dropped to pre- flooding levels). The author and Stephen Loring of the Smithsonian Institution were joined by Daniel Ashini, Chief Negotiator for the Innu nation, Dominic Pokue, originally of Davis Met, and anthropologist Peter Armitage. The team located both pre-contact' and historic archaeological sites and, in the process, explored many issues relevant to hrecollaborative work between aboriginal people and archaeologists.
MCEACHEN, Paul Archaeology Unit, Memorial University of Ndoundland THE MEADOWOOD EARLY WOODLAND MANIFESTATION IN THE MARITIMES Session 7, May 3, 08:40 / Seance 7,3 mai, 08 h 40
The Early WoodlandICerarnic Period in the Maritimes witnessed the appearance of two intrusive cultural manifestations called Meadowood and Middlesex. This paper focuses on the earlier Meadowood manifestation (3,000-2,400 BP). Meadowood settlementfsubsistence patterns and material culture will be briefly discussed. While Maritimes Meadowood materials are similar to those found in the Great Lakes core area, the majority of artifacts are made of local raw materials rather than Onondaga chert. However, what is most perplexing is how Meadowood influences were transmitted so far east. Models of transmission of Meadowood traits will be examined.
MCGHEE, Robert Canadian Museum of CivilizationlMusee canadien des civilisations THE EKVEN PROJECT: ARCHAEOLOGY AT BERING STRAIT Session 16, May 4, 14:40 / S6ance 16,4 mai, 14 h 40
The cemetery at Ekven, on the Bering Sea coast of Chukotka, has been extensively excavated over the past decades, yielding large quantities of grave goods related to the Old Bering Sea and Punuk cultures (ca. 2,500 - 1,000 BP). In 1995 a collaborative effort involving Russian, European and Canadian archaeologists began excavations at the associated dwelling site. Preliminary information is presented on the duration of site occupation, the development of whaling, and changes in the local economy through time. The reactions of Chukotkan native groups, and of Russian government agencies, to this archaeological work is discussed. MCGOVERN, Thomas Hunter College, City University of New Yorlq Paul BUCKLAND Sheffield University, Jon SADLER Birmingham University, Lisa BARLOW Institute of Arctic and Alpine research, andlet Astrid OGlLVlE INSTAAR TILL DEATH TAKES US OR THE WORLD END: MODELLING THE LAST DAYS OF THE NORSE WESTERN SETTLEMENT IN GREENLAND Session 6, May 3, 10:40 1 Seance 6, 3 mai, 10 h 40
The end of the Norse settlement in Greenland has long been a classic mystery of northern archaeology. Over a century of archaeological and historical research has produced a wide range of explanations and speculative scenarios for the end of Scandinavian settlements. Excavation carried out in what was probably one parish of the smaller Western Settlement (in modern Nuuk District) since 1903 has built up patterns of animal bone and insect deposition and structural collapse that suggest an abrupt abandonment in the mid-14th century. Collectively the evidence suggests community-wide subsistence crisis in late winter or early spring, perhaps triggered by a series of cold summers documented by proxy climate records of the GISP2 ice core. The paper presents the current evidence for the final abandonment and a simulation model for possible subsistence collapse.
MCSPORRAN, Joanne Victoria, B.C., andlet Tina CHRISTENSEN Millennia Consulting AFTER THE FLOOD: PALAEOSHORELINES AND ARCHAEOLOGY Session 10, May 3, 14:40 / Seance 10,3 mai, 14 h 40 .
In Gwaii Haanas, sea level rose fiom 150 m below current levels to 15 m above between 11,000 and 9,000 BP. It remained high for 4,000 years and has been falling slowly ever since. The old shorelines associated with the high stand are now hidden in dense forest. In 1995 we produced very detailed maps fiom elevation models in order to focus survey efforts in select inland areas. Using this approach, fourteen previously unknown early Holocene archaeological sites were located.
MILLS, Stephen Parks Canada, Canadian HeritageIParcs Canada, Patrimoine canadien, Cornwall SODS AND RINDS TO COVER YOUR HOUSE, CAKE AND SMOKES FOR SUPPER: AN EmLEOF 17TH-CENTURY ENGLISH VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE FROM NEWFOUNDLAND Session 9, May 3, 14:20 / Seance 9, 3 mai, 14 h 20
During the summer of 1994 a house belonging to a seventeenth-century Enghsh West Country fisherman was excavated in the town of Renews, Newfoundland. This house was a simple, single-celled affair constructed fiom local materials and likely inhabited during the third quarter of the century. Many of the architectural elements fiom the house were preserved beneath the house collapse. These findings offer a rare and insighthl view into the ingenuity of those who constructed the house and also illuminates the conditions under which its occupants lived. MORRIS, Christopher Department of Anthropology, University of Glasgow THE IMPACT OF THE NORSE ON THE NATIVE PICTS IN ORKNEY-SHETLAND, NORTHERN SCOTLAND Session 6, May 3,09:20 I Seance 6,3 mai, 09 h 20
The past two decades have seen a flurry of archaeological activity in the 'Northern Isles of Orkney and Shetland'. These islands were well known for their association with the Vikings and particularly the Norse earls of Orkney. Quite unexpected has been the wealth of material that has been generated regarding the native Ticts' so that they can no longer be regarded as a 'problem' (as so described in the 1950s). Of particular interest is the question of the interaction of the two groups and the models that have been put forward in the past now seem inadequate. A complex relationship of incomer and native is clearly to be seen fiom the archaeological record and simplistic models are no longer adequate.
MORRISSY, Paul Department of Anthropology, St. Thomas University, David KEENLYSIDE Canadian Museum of CivilizationJMusee canadien des civilisations, andlet Christopher TURNBULL Archaeological Services, New Brunswick A MATJSEETIMICMAC HERITAGE SAMPLER Session 7, May 3,09:20 1 Seance 7, 3 mai, 09 h 20
MUIR, Jeffrey Department of Anthropology, Trent University FAUNAL FINDINGS AT THE,PRAYING MANTIS SITE (AMi-178) Session 8% May 3,09:20 I Seance 8% 3 mai, 09 h 20
The Praying Mantis Site is an Early Ontario Iroquoian village located in London, Ontario. The entire site has been excavated and has yielded a large faunal sample which has been analysed. Using this analyzed sample, an attempt has been made to model the use and discard of animal remains on the site. However, the resulting model is limited by problems with site preservation and with the methods used to excavate the site. Nevertheless, the resulting model is presented and its possible utility for modelling faunal use and discard on other Iroquoian sites is discussed.
MNRRAY, Maribeth S. Department of Anthropology, McMaster University MY HARPOON, YOUR CO-OPERATION, OUR WALRUS: A SOCIO-ECONOMIC VlEW OF PALAEOESKIMO PREHISTORY Session 16, May 4, 16:OO / Seance 16,4 mai, 16 h 00
Recent research on Palaeoeskirno collections fiom the Foxe Basin, eastern Canadian Arctic, indicates signdicant changes in economy and social organization fiom PreDorset to Dorset times. Analyses of economic data and hunting equipment suggests that an intensification in large mammal exploitation was linked to the development of co-operative hunting and the re- organization of subsistence strategies. Further, there is good evidence for the appearance of property rights, increasing social complexity and the development of dehable regional groups.
MURRAY, Maribeth S., Lisa RANKIN andet Peter RAMSDEN Department of Anthropology, McMaster University THE CUTTING EDGE: NEW APPROACHES TO SECTIONING FOR SEASONALITY Session 8%May 3, 09:40 / Seance 8% 3 mai, 09 h 40
Mammalian teeth collected fiom archaeological sites have been used for several decades for determining site seasonality. This paper compares conventional methods of dental cross- sectioning with electron backscatter readings obtained using a SEM. Samples fiom prehistoric archaeological sites in southern Ontario and the eastern Arctic were used and various species were compared. The SEM method has the potential to be more efficient and less subjective than traditional thin-sectioning techniques.
NAGY, Murielle Groupe d'ktudes inuit et circumpolaires, Universite Laval PALAEOESKIMO SEAL HUNTING STRATEGIES IN IVUJIVIK (NUNAVIK, NORTHERN . QUJ?BEC) Session 8b, May 3, 14:OO / Skancc 8b, 3 mai, 14 h 00
Three faunal assemblages were analyzed to compare the subsistence patterns of people who occupied the Ivujivik region during the palaeoeskimo periods. The results indicate similar strategies in the hunting of juvenile small seals during Pre-Dorsetfl)orset transition while more subadults were exploited during the Dorset period. The predominance of each age group is likely linked to the season of site occupation. Juveniles were easy prey to catch during the springlearly summer, while subadults were available in June and during winter. The overall pattern of %MAU suggests that whole small seals were brought back to the camp sites during all periods. Finally, the presence of caches in both early transition and Dorset sites indicates the accumulation of food surplus during warmer months to be consumed later during colder months.
NEEDS-HOWARTEI, Suzanne Biological-Archaeological Institute, University of Groningen, The Netherlands, andlet John M. CASSELMAN Glenora Fisheries Station, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources ASSESSING AGE AND GROWTH IN FISH: ARCHAEOLOGICAL APPLICABILITY OF FISHERIES METHODS Session 8%May 3, 10:OO I Seance 8a, 3 mai, 10 h 00
This paper is part of ongoing research into fish subsistence strategies at several recently analyzed Iroquoian sites near Kempenfelt Bay on Lake Simcoe. This research is aimed at determining when, where and how the occupants of these sites fished, and the relationship of fishing to other food-obtaining activities. We describe a recently refined technique of describing and interpreting age and growth in calcified structures. We then review the possibilities and limitations of applying this method'to archaeological fish remains. Finally we show how the method works on fish scales and pectoral spines fiom the Carson and Dunsmore sites. Under certain circumstances, age and growth studies can allow akhaeologists to establish season of death with some accuracy, thus obviating the need to speculate about when fishing took place. Together with data on relative abundance and on co-occurrence of taxa within features, this kind of analysis can help identitjr the existence of inter- and intra-site differences in fish exploitation patterns.
NICHOLLS, Lesley Department of Archaeology, University of Calgary WORKSHOP: APPLYING FOR GRADUATE SCHOOL Session 14, May 4,09:00-12:OO / Seance 14,4 mai, 09 h 00 - 12 h 00
This workshop is intended for those students who plan on applying to graduate school within the next two or three years. Participants will gain insights on such diverse topics as how to go about finding an appropriate graduate school, requesting letters of reference and what schools are looking for fiom the various pieces of information they request. Lesley Nicholls is Administrative Assistant in the Department of Archaeology, University of Calgary, and has many years of experience in handling graduate school applications. She will be joined by faculty members fiom other universities offering graduate programmes who will provide additional guidance on this most important process.
NICHOLSON, B.A. Department of Native Studies, Brandon University, andlet Scott HAMILTON Department of Anthropology, Lakehead University SEASONALITY AND SUBSISTENCE AT MAKOTCHI-DED DONTIPI (THE PLACE WHERE WE LIVE): A VICKERS FOCUS LOCALE IN SOUTHWESTERN MANITOBA Session 12, May 4, 10:40 / Seance 12,4 mai, 10 h 40
Work conducted over the past two years at the Makotchi-Ded Dontipi locale in southwestern Manitoba has demonstrated an extensive series of occupations within a small ecotonal area at the southwestern end of the Lauder Sandhills which overlies the Oaklake Aquifer. Preliminary work aimed at a palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the region indicates that this area was an island of parldand and marshks within the surrounding sea of medium grass prairie at the time of the Vickers occupation circa AD 1,400 - 1,600. The influx of Vickers People, circa AD 1,400 replaced an earlier small-site Blackduck occupation with a large-site settlement pattern which seems to have been characterized by large-site seasonal villages. Faunal materials indicate that the Jackson Site was a winter village and the nearby Bradshaw Site may have been a summer occupation. The large size of these sites indicates a surplus-producing economy and a more complex system of social organization than that of the earlier Blackduck People. Function and seasonality of other nearby Vickers sites is unknown. NIELSEN, Erik Manitoba Energy and Mines, andlet K.D. MCLEOD Manitoba Culture, Heritage and Citizenship DENDROCHRONOLOGICAT,DATING OF HISTORIC STRUCTURES IN SOUTHERN MANITOBA: WLICATIONS FOR ARCHAEOLOGY IN CANADA Session 12, May 4, 11:OO / Seance 12,4 mai, 11 h 00
Tree-ring dating or dendrochronology has not been used extensively to date archaeological materials in Canada. However, recently constructed chronologies using bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) and red pine (Pims resinosa) fiom southern Manitoba have enabled the dating of numerous 19th-century buildings and structures in the Winnipeg area. Cutting dates have been determined for logs used as pilings under a flour mill at The Forks, in several dEermt mid-19th century log buildigs, a privy fiom Upper Fort Garry and two cofis fiom St. Andrews Church. Tree-ring width measurements on logs fiom these structures were successhlly cross dated with trees of known cutting dates, indicating this is a viable alternative dating technique.
NOBLE, William C. Department of Anthropology, McMaster University LIEUT. -COLONEL GEORGE E. LAIDLAW (1860- 1926): EARLY ARCHAEOLOGIST, BALSAM LAKE, VICTORIA COUNTY, ONTARIO Session 3, May 2, 10:40 / Seance 3,2 mai, 10 h 40
George Edward Laidlaw (1860-1926) was an intelligent, self-taught archaeologist who devoted 40 years to documenting native archaeologicaVethnographic cultures in south-central Ontario, Canada. Born in Toronto, he undertook three careers during his lifetime, the fkst of which was with the Canadian military. George graduated fiom the Royal Military College at Kingston and then participated in the 1885 Northwest Rebellion at Batoche, where he was severely wounded. At age 40, he also served with distinction in South ficaas a member of Lord Strathcona's Horse, 1900-01. Retirement fiom the army saw him enter one of the family businesses, namely beef ranching on the 4,900-acre "Fort Ranch" on the northwestern shores of Balsam Lake, Victoria County, south-central Ontario. George directed considerable energies fiom an early age towards his anthropological pursuits. From the 1870s until 1920 he collected and documented over 50 major archaeological sites in Victoria County, including the major late prehistoric and protohistoric villages of Hardrock, Benson, Corson and Clarke-Foster. He published internationally, and his five papers on native smoking pipes (1 903- 1916) in the Annual Archaeological Reports for Ontario represent the first systematic class~cationof such for Ontario. His many endeavours brought him into direct contact with notable personalities such as David Boyle, Dr. John MacLean, Andrew F. Hunter, William J. Wintemberg and Rowland B. Orr, in Canada. "The Colonel" also recorded and published 5 12 short Ojibwa myths and tales (1914-1927), primarily derived from local older Rama Reserve informants (Orillia), with whom he enjoyed great mutual respect. The publications and other civic contributions of George E. Laidlaw extend far beyond the shores of Balsam Lake. His contributions helped establish a nascent discipline in Canada, and certainly helped promote the developmental research of David Boyle's early Provincial Museum (now the Royal Ontario Museum). George was also one of the founders of the Ontario Archaeological Association formed at Toronto in 1918. The Colonel continued to contribute articles until his death 15 January, 1926, at "The Fort Big House,' and his contemporary counterpart for Simcoe County, Andrew F. Hunter (1 863 - 1940), astutely remarked (1 927) that the Colonel's place in Ontario archaeological research was "... a diicult one to fill, so valuable has his work proved to be."
OWEN,J. Victor Department of Geology, Saint Mary's University QUANTIFICATION OF EARLY WORCESTER PORCELAIN RECIPES AND THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN DR. WALL- AND FLIGHT-PERIOD WARES Session 5, May 2, 15:40 / Seance 5,2 mai, 15 h 40
Compared with Flight period (1 783 -93) Worcester porcelain, early (pre- 1760) and middle (1760-74) Dr. Wall specimens are depleted in A&03,K20,and enriched in MgO, CaO, N%O, and, to a lesser extent, PbO. These compositional contrasts reflect secular variations in Worcester recipes, and are manifested, at least in part, by the presence of a potassic phase, apparently a high- temperature alkali feldspar (disordered sanidiie) in the Flight samples. Both types of ware contain high- and low-temperature silica polymorphs, and a variable Pb-, Mg-, and Al-bearing, glassy matrix interpreted as fised flint glass fit containing enstatitetcorundum(?) crystallites. Dr. Wall recipes contained a higher proportion of talc (-36-43 wt.%) and lower proportion of kaolinitic clay (7-10%) than Flight recipes (talc -24%; clay - 17%). Calculated proportions of flit and quartz vary according to the assumed PbO content of the flit used in the recipe, but the amount of Pb-rich fit used at Worcester decreased with time. Sagging and crazing were not a problem with Dr. Wall wares, so secular recipe changes are likely to have been motivated by aesthetic rather than technical concerns. Insof& as the excavated sherds are representative of Worcester's output, the aluminous and potassic composition of Flight wares, and apparent presence of sanidine, serve to distinguish these wares fiom Dr. Wall porcelains. Analytical data of the type reported here could be used to clar@ the relationship between Bristol wares and the earliest products of the Worcester manufactory.
PARNELL, Gilbert Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve ORAL HISTORY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE IN HADA GWAII Session 10, May 3, 14:OO / Seance 10,3 mai, 14 h 00
Haida histories recount events in the distant past which compare closely with the so-called 'scientific' evidence. These histories speak of times when the land became very cold, when the land was covered with grass, when the fist trees arrived, when people walked across what is now open ocean, when the land was flooded, and when the floods receded. They also speak of the Haida way of life before we had clans. Our time-scale is recorded as events rather than years of modem science. These histories (Haida and 'scientific') are mutually enriching to understanding our natural and cultural heritage. PASTORE, Ralph T. Archaeology Unit, Memorial University of Newfoundland BEOTH.UK MICROPOINTS - ARE THEY CHILDRENS TOYS? Session 11, May 4, 10:40 / SCance 11,4 mai, 10 h 40
Based on a comparison of projectile point neck widths and workmanship, Bob Dawe of the Provincial Museum of Alberta has argued that some of the very small, poorly-made projectile points recovered from Late Prehistoric Plains contexts are actually toy arrowheads. Using the criteria developed by Dawe, this study has found a number of similar specimens in historic Beothuk assemblages. It is suggested that while the historic Beothuks were producing a variety of metal projectile points as adult tools, they were also making tiny stone projectile points as children's toys.
PATTON, Katherine Department of Anthropology, McGill University THE SYMBOLIC DIMENSIONS OF ARCHITECTURAL WHALE BONE IN THULE SEMI- SUBTERRANEAN DWELLINGS Session 16, May 4, 15:40 / Seance 16,4 mai, 15 h 40
Thule semi-subterranean dwellings are some of the most prominent features of the Arctic landscape. They have been studied from several perspectives such as construction techniques and social patterning. Symbolic dimensions have been rarely examined. All visible architectural whale bone incorporated within twenty-six semi-subterranean dwellings on southern Somerset Island were mapped to aid in the determination of patterns of whale bone use. Symbolic dimensions of whale bone use are determined within the context of North Alaskan ethnographic and oral historical sources.
PAVLISH, Larry A. Isotrace Laboratory & Archaeometry Laboratory, University of Toronto, Graham C. WILSON Isotrace Laboratory, U of T, Gang-Jian DING Isotrace Laboratory, U of T, and/et Ron M. Farquhar Archaeometry Laboratory & Department of Physics (Geophysics), U of T TEXTURAL AND IN-SITU ANALYTICAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE PROVENANCE OF SMELTED AND NATIVE ARCHAEOLOGICAL COPPER IN THE GREAT LAKES REGION OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA Session 5, May 2, 16:20 / Seance 5,2 mai, 16 h 20
In-situ (fg-mg, sl rnm) AMS analysis, as practised with high-current Cs+ ion sources, permits the characterization of small crystals and shards of rare or valuable samples. These include small slivers of metallic articles, such as copper or brass, snipped from inconspicuous loci on archaeological metal artifacts. Samples from a project in which instrumental neutron activation (INAA) of w200-mg' aliquots is the standard bulk -analytical method (Hancock et al., 1991), were re-examined using a combination of wavelength-dispersive electron microprobe (10-element WDS-EPM) and AMS methods. Metal shavings were mounted in two polished formats: (1) thin sections with 20 2-5-mm slivers, suitable for metallographic study and EPM, and (2) sets of 12 shards and standards in thick circular mounts, also suited to AMS of precious metals (Wilson et al., 1994). The samples are metal artifacts fiom the Great Lakes region, principally Ontario and Minnesota, plus native Cu (mineral specimens) fiom the Keweenaw Peninsula of northern Michigan. AMS 14C dating (Beukens et al., 1992) indicates that some projectile points are as much as 7,000 years BP. Examination of 11 coppers suggested a rapid optical method of distinguishing artifacts made fiom native Cu versus smelted (trade or kettle) copper imported fiom Europe (Pavlish et al., 1995). Five samples of native copper were visually homogeneous and fiee of inclusions. The six 'smelter' coppers contain high but variable numbers of spheroidal cuprite (Cu20) blebs, generally 1-10 fin in diameter, indicative of incomplete separation of oxide slag fiom copper metal. Similar features were encountered in a later survey of 68 mm-scale slivers of other artifacts. Practical minimum detection limits (MDL) for the EPM are w200-1,000 ppm. This is far higher than ppb (PGE, Au) to ppm (Au, AG) levels found for trace elements by AMS, so the data obtained are complementary but not directly comparable. EPM data are especially useful for microchemical typing (Zn, Sn, As) of associated brass trade items. The "sourcing" of coppers was confkmed by PGE-Au-Ag data obtained by AMS on 9 samples. Smelted Cu has higher Ag (qPt) and much higher Au than native Cu. This is consistent with INAA data, which show that a suite of trace elements (Au, Ag, Sb, As) can reliably separate the copper types. References: BEUKENS,R.P., PAVLISH,L.A., HANCOCK,R.G.V., FARQUHAR,R.M., WJLSON,G.C., JULIG,P.and ROSS,W. (1 992) Radiocarbon dating of copper archaeological artifacts. Radiocarbon 34,890-897. HANCOCK,R.G.V., PAVLISKL.A., FARQUHAR,R.M., SALLOUM,R., F0YW.A. and WILSON,G.C. (199 1) Distinguishing European trade copper and northeastern North American native copper. Archaeometry 33,69-86. PAVLISYL. A., HANCOCK,R.G.V., FARQUHAR,R.M., BEUKENS,R.P., WILSON,G.C. and DIANDREA,A.C. (1995) Distinguishing diierent European sources of trade copper and brass fiom archaeological sites in Ontario. Archaeometry 1994, Ankara, in press. WLSON,G.C., PAVLISJ&L.A., DING,G.-J. and FARQUHAR,R.M. (1994) Metallographic and microchemical observations on smelted and native archaeological copper in the Great Lakes region of North America. IsoTrace Laboratory Report, University of Toronto, 22+28pp.
PENNEY,Gerald Gerald Penney Associates Limited, andet Shayne MCDONALD Miawpukek Band, Conne River ABORIGINALS, ADVOCATES AND ANTHROPOLOGISTS: CASE BOOKS AND CULTURE Session la, May 2, 10:OO / Seance la, 2 mai, 10 h 00
In 1984 a federal government Order in Council registered Micmac at Conne River, . Newfoundland, under the Indian Act, and created the Miawpukek Band. This recognition was the culmination of a 20-year battle fought in the courts, the media and psyche of the province. This paper looks at the various roles played by consultants, academics and lawyers in this, and other similar struggles to assert native rights. PERLEY, Karen Tobique First Nation A MALISEET PERSPECTIVE ON SOME ARCHAEOLOGICAL ISSUES Session la, May 2, 09:40 I Seance la, 2 mai, 09 h 40
Archaeology is viewed as a science. That it is, and more, it also has a spiritual aspect to it. I will be presenting the spritual connection between our ancestors and the sites and objects that were left behind by them.
PILON, Jean-Luc Canadian Museum of Civilization/Musee canadien des civilisations ' RETRACING AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXPEDITION TO CANADA'S NORTHWEST TERRITORIES / SUR LES PISTES DE LA DECOUVERTE AUX TERRITOlRES DU NORD-OUEST DU CANADA Poster room, May 2-4 I Charnbre des expositions, 2-4 mai
In an effort to provide depth and breadth of content, the Canadian Museum of Civilization is developing a number of value-added components for its World Wide Web site (www.cmcc.muse.digital.ca).This "electronic poster" uses data from the NOGAP Archaeology Project (for the moment mostly from the Beaufort Sea region) as the basis for allowing visitors with many diering interests to learn more about the archaeology of the Mackenzie Valley in particular, the archaeological process in general, the environmental setting of the work and the people who inhabit the region. Hyperlinks allow the browser to follow the work at particular sites over the years or to read an analysis and return immediately to the field reports to assess the primary data. This is a bilingual site and the visitor can easily switch fiom one official language to the other. The site is richly endowed with over 1,000 images, more than 25 video clips taken in the field, and 8 audio segments featuring songs recorded in the 1920s. Photo-essays provide rich texture to the texts of the reports, analysis and background sections. Texts are signed and referenced. You are invited to delve into the near-completed Internet site and offer its author some valuable feedback.
PINARD, Claude Avataq Cultural institute IcGm-5, MIDDLE DORSET OCCUPATION ON THE EAST COAST OF HUDSON BAY Session 16, May 4, 14:20 / Seance 16,4 mai, 14 h 20
During the summer of 1995 the salvage excavation of the IcGm-5 site near the village of Inukjuak was done by the Avataq Cultural Institute. The preliminary survey done in 1985 placed the site in affiliation with the Dorset culture. The excavation narrowed the afEiliation to the Middle Dorset period. The C14 dates, 1,600 * 75 uncorrected and 1,520 k 80 uncorrected, cohthis &ation. The main particularity of the IcGm-5 site is the predominance of a local material, siltite, in the manufacture of lithic tools. The IcGm-5 site will help in the understanding of the cultural history of the East Coast of Hudson Bay. PINTAL, Jean-Yves Consultant en archeologie, Quebec THE ECOLOGICAL CARTOGRAPHY AND THE ARCHAEOLO'GICAL SURVEY OF THE LOWER NORTH SHORE, QUEBEC Session lb, May 2, 14:20 / Seance lb, 2 mai, 14 h 20
The Lower North Shore of Quebec presents an environment relatively similar to the one in Labrador, a Maritime Hemiarctic bioecological zone along the shore and a forest-tundra for the interior. As for Labrador, the coast offers a rich archaeological potential while few remains have been found in the interior. In order to verrfjl the Native interior occupation of the Lower North Shore, a landscape ecological approach has been utilized as a framework for the archaeological survey. This paper deals with the results of this survey. The significance of the sites discovered in relation to a territorial mobility pattern for each culture is suggested.
POKOTYLO, David Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia REDEFINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CURATORS AND FIRST PEOPLES IN THE EXHIBITION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL MATERIALS Session 15, May 4, 15:OO / Seance 15,4 mai, 15 h 00
The Task Force on .Museums and First Nations has committed museums to developing exhibits and collections policies in consultation with First Peoples communities. The recommendations in the report called for equal partnerships between museums and First Peoples. This paper explores the challenges in moving fiom policy to establishing such a relationship. We review recent efforts at the UBC Museum of Anthropology to implement some of the Task Force recommendations in the context of an exhibition currently under development that features prehistoric art fiom the , south coast region of British Columbia. We describe the process involved in initiating partnerships with First Peoples in the development of this collaborative exhibition, and discuss how this project is redefining the relationship between curators and First Peoples, as it addresses a number of ethical concerns such as collections insurance, liability, professional responsibility, and access to collections. Although this project is not yet complete, the process described may serve as a usefbl guide for those considering exhibits featuring archaeological materials.
POPE, Peter Archaeology Unit, Memorial University of Newfoundland TRANSHUMANT COLONIZATION: THE SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT OF NEWFOUNDLAND IN THE MATRIX OF THE MIGRATORY FISHERY Session 9, May 3, 13:40 / Seance 9,3 mai, 13 h 40
In a series of suggestive articles, P.E.L. Smith has drawn attention to the practice of winter- housing among the early European residents of Newfoundland. He argues, convincingly, that this practice is usefblly seen as a form of transhumance and presents documentary evidence for winter housing as early as the opening decades of the 18th century. It will be argued here that the practice of transhumance at Newfoundland is much older than the local practice of winter- housing, since the European migratory fishery can itself be seen as a transhumant strategy and this early modern pattern of transhumance itself seems to replicate late medieval pastoralism in the Basque country, Brittany, Normandy and Devon. From the archaeological point of view, it may 1 be usefbl to emphasize this pattern of trans-Atlantic transhumance, the better to understand the socio-economic matrix in which the now largely-forgotten early Newfoundland colonies emerged.
PRINCE, Paul Department of Anthropology, McMaster University
I THE KITWANGA FORT SETTLEMENT PATTERN IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL RANKING ON THE UPPER SKEENA I Session 2% May 2, 11:20 1 Seance 2% 2 mai, 11 h 20
I I The development of social ranking on the Upper Skeena River has been hypothesized as the result of a process of interaction between coastal and interior peoples, which accelerated with the I advent of trade in European goods. However, relatively little archaeological data has been brought to bear upon this question. This paper examines the distribution of archaeological material and features in the prehistoric and protohistoric components at the Kitwanga Hill Fort for signs of sodal difFerentiation in order to evaluate change within the context of long-term
I adaptation.
READER, David Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, EARLY RECENT INDIAN INTERIOR OCCUPATION AT DEER LAKE BEACH: ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS Session 11, May 4, 11:00 / Seance 11,4 mai, 11 h 00
Excavations at the Recent Indian site of Deer Lake Beach (DhBi-6) in the interior of western Newfoundland have produced evidence of two dwelling forms, linear hearths, faunal and botanical remains and radiocarbon dates clustering around 1,200 BP. This gives an important and rare glimpse of a wide range of data fiom a non-coastal Recent Indian site. Subsistence indicators here suggest a relatively short but intensive focus on fd-early winter caribou hunting, with a secondary focus on beaver. Social organization, with indications of two contemporaneously occupied, relatively large houses, may have been centered on a multi-family social grouping. Generally, the data suggest Recent Indians practising a vital, intensive seasonal interior subsistence effort primarily aimed at procuring caribou, without evidence of specialization on this resource.
READING, Joanna College of William and Mary, David BLACK Department of Anthropology, University of New Brunswick andlet Howard G. SAVAGE, Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto THE "MONSTROUS MINK" : EVIDENCE FOR EXTINCT SEA MINK IN CANADA Session 8% May 3, 11:40 / Seance 8% 3 mai, 11 h 40
The Weir Site (BgDq-6), a prehistoric shell midden located on the Bliss Islands, Quoddy Region, New Brunswick, has yielded several specimens of bone identified as Mustela macrodon, the "sea mink". This fbr bearer has been extinct since the 19th century, and is known through historical accounts and archaeological bone, mostly fiom the Maine coast. The exciting aspect of the Weir find is that these are the first remains to be found in Canada, suggesting the possibility of a Canadian population of sea mink. The bones are in good condition and show evidence of skinning. From a late 18th-century site on the same islands, another possible sea mink bone may indicate the long duration of such a population. These finds have important implications for both prehistoric and historic studies of subsistence in the region.
RICEIXTNG, Barnett Department of Anthropology and Sociology, Mount Saint Vincent University ARCHAEOLOGY, ETHNOLOGY, AND THE PUBLIC PURSE IN CANADA Session 3, May 2, 10:OO / Seance 3,2 mai, 10 h 00
The Geological Survey of Canada played a major role in the professionalization of Canadian anthropology, providing the emerging discipline with an institutional base following establishment of its Anthropological Division in 1910. The relationship of 'parent' and 'child' was an uneasy one, however, the scientific and political priorities and objectives of the country's first professional archaeologists and ethnologists often proving at odds with those of Survey bureaucrats and higher-ups in the Department of Mines and elsewhere in the federal government. Drawing mainly on archival sources, this paper offers comment on some leading dimensions of this relationship during its first decade. It also considers their effect on the development and implementation of a national research programme focussing on Canada's aboriginal peoples and cultures, giving special emphasis to archaeological work.
ROSENSWIG, Robert Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia ETHICS AND CANADIAN ARCHAEOLOGY IN COMPARATIVE CONTEXT Session 15, May 4, 15:40 / Seance 15,4 mai, 15 h 40
Ethical questions have assumed a central role in archaeological discourse during the past few years. In 1995, both the SAA and CAA published preliminary documents outlining ethical standards for the respective associations. While both address ethical issues, these two documents treat indigenous peoples in very different manners. This paper presents a content analysis of these documents in order to examine and quantfy their differences. Differences are then assessed in a broader context using documents of ethical standards from a variety of other archaeological organizations. ROSS, Julie M. Department of Anthropology, University of Alberta SHEEP DROPPINGS: HOW MUCH DO THEY TELL US ABOUT THE CONTINUITY AND 7 COLLAPSE OF GARDEN UNDER SANDET, WESTERN SETTLEMENT GREENLAND? Session 6, May 3, 11:OO 1 Seance 6,3 mai, 11 h 00
' The Farm site, Garden Under Sandet (GUS), is located in the Western settlement, Nuuk Community, Greenland and dates between the 10th and 13th centuries. The extraordinary organic preservation at this site provides an excellent opportunity to investigate archaeobotanical remains from all contexts within the farmstead. This paper provides a brief cultural background to the Western Settlement and the GUS farmstead.before presenting some preliminary archaeobotanical results. The archaeobotanical investigation focuses on two types of samples. Sheep droppings from the byre shed light on animal husbandry practices and sediment layers associated with landnam (initial settlement) indicate the vegetation that the Norsemen encountered upon their arrival.
RUSCILLO, Deborah Institute of Archaeology, London BURNING PATROCLUS: MARINE REMAINS FROM CREMATION BURIALS IN EARLY IRON AGE TORONE, GREECE Session 8b, May 3, 16:20 1 Seance Sb, 3 mai, 16 h 20
or one is a site in northern Greece on the southern tip of Sithonia in the Chalkidike. The cremation burials which I am focussing on are fiom the Protogeometric period (ca. 1,050-900 BC). Perhaps not of particular interest to New World archaeologists, it is, I think, usefbl in terms of methodology of marine remains analysis. Patroclus, as you may know, is an Achaean hero, Achilles' comrade in arms, fiom Homer's Iliad. His hneral description matches the scenario which I believe some of the burials at Torone underwent.
SCHWARZ, Frederick A. Black Spruce Heritage Services PREDICTING ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL IN THE INTERIOR OF NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR: IMPLICATIONS FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTS IN VOISEY'S BAY Session lb, May 2, 16:OO 1 Seance lb, 2 mai, 16 h 00
The theory and application of predictive modelling (both formal and informal in nature) is discussed in the context of Newfoundland and Labrador interior archaeology. This is followed by a review of the value of the various forms of data used as bases for prediction. A preliminary framework for predicting archaeological potential in the Voisey's Bay interior hinterland, based on extant data, is proposed. The paper concludes with a discussion of the baseline research needed to enhance our ability to predict site location and archaeological potential in this region. SCHWARZ,Frederick A. Black Spruce Heritage Services RECENT INDIAN COMMUNAL FEASTING STRUCmSIN NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR: THE VIEW FROM THE BANKS SITE Session 11, May 4, 11 :20 1 SCance 11,4 mai, 11 h 20
Recently, excavations at the Bank Site, in Bonavista Bay, northeastern Newfoundland, revealed evidence for a late prehistoric Recent Indian linear hearth feature at the site. Similar features are rare in Newfoundland but well-known in prehistoric and contact-period Recent Indian sites in Labrador, where they are interpreted as the remains of shaputuan structures used to hold mokoshan (a ritual communal feast). The results of these excavations are presented, and compared with fhdings from other linear hearth features in Newfoundland and Labrador. Data fiom the Bank Site add to the growing body of evidence suggesting considerable cultural similarities between the ancestors of the Beothuk in Newfoundland and those of the Innu in Labrador. However, the artifact assemblage from the Bank Site feature indicates that pre-contact communal feasting may have included activities quite unlike any associated with the ethnographically-documented Innu mokoshan.
SIMONSEN,Bjorn 0. Victoria PROSPECTS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR SITE MANAGEMENT IN THE PRINCE RUPERT HARBOUR AREA Session 2b, May 2, 14:20 / SCance 2b, 2 mai, 14 h 20
The Prince Rupert Harbour area has been the scene of numerous archaeological investigation projects over the past three decades, with the work of George MacDonald, Richard Inglis, David Archer and Gary Coupland being the most notable. Despite all of this attention by archaeologists, most of which has had a research orientation (as opposed to salvage or resource management goals), there is still no long-term archaeological resource managment plan for this important part of the Northwest Coast culture area. The paper examines the reasons for the lack of an archaeological resources managment plan in the context of cofising, and often conflicting, jurisdictional factors which have tended to discourage such planning efforts. This has condemned archaeological resources within the harbour area to an uncertain future - akin to the "demolition by neglect" syndrome affecting the preservation of more recent heritage structures in the so-called built environment category. The paper examines the future roles of provincial and federal government agencies in developing long-term management and site protection plans, and contrasts this with the prospects and viability of local government and First Nations efforts towards the same goals, both for the Prince Rupert Harbour area and for other locations throughout British Columbia and Canada. SIMONSEN, Bjorn 0. Victoria ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE SERVICE OF LAND CLAIMS: THE SCHElDAM FLATS CASE, KAMLOOPS, BRITISH COLUMBIA Session 15, May 4, 14:40 / Seance 15, 4 mai, 14 h 40
Archaeologists are increasingly becoming involved in Aboriginal land claims issues throughout Canada. This involvement is often in the form of archaeologists being asked to provide expert opinions in the context of land claims cases that are before the courts. In such cases, it is not uncommon for archaeologists to be retained by both the First Nations client - usually through their legal council - and by the "Defendant(s)" - usually one or more level of government. This often leads to situations where one archaeologist must be party to discrediting the work of another, since it is rarely the case.where the so-called "objective" data presented by both sides are identical. The paper presents the background of a precedent-setting Speczc Land Claim case involving the Kamloops Indian Band of the B.C. Interior Plateau region, known as the Scheidam Flats Case, and discusses the involvement of two consulting archaeologists. The results of archaeological field investigations intended to support the land claim case are presented, and the outcome of the protracted court proceedings, and eventual settlement of the case by means of out-of-court negotiations, is summarized. The paper discusses the validity of archaeological testimony for proving long-term ethnic association between extant First Nations groups and the archaeological record.
SMJTEC, Beverly Sociology/Anthropology/SocialWork, University of Michigan - Flint EXCHANGE NETWORKS IN SUBSISTENCE RECONSTRUCTION: A CASE STUDY FROM THE UPPER GREAT LAKES Session 8% May 3, 10:40 / Seance 8%3 mai, 10 h 40
Zooarchaeological data from Terminal Woodland and Early Historic period sites demonstrate the relative importance of various animal species in the diet. Ethnohistoric data are used to reconstruct human population structure and territories. The ecological and nutritional characteristics of the target animal species are considered in estimating required:available ratios. The results suggest that subsistence systems cannot necessarily be viewed as self-contained, and that groups may evoke complex strategies, such as the regional exchange networks of the Upper Great Lakes, as critical components of their subsistence system to acquire desired foods..
SMITH, Patricia E. Department of Anthropology, McMaster University THE ROLE AND DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN IN PREHISTORIC HURON SOCIETY AS SEEN THROUGH THE ANALYSIS OF JUVENILE POTS Session 12, May 4,09:00 / Seance 12,4 mai, 09 h 00
The absence of children in archaeological reconstructions has, until recently, gone relatively unnoticed. An archaeology of children is a growing field in archaeology concerned with developing ways to address this absence. This paper will present research on the role and development of children in prehistoric Huron society. The archaeological evidence is the catch-all category "juvenile pots." Preliminary research indicates that the rehement of this category can provide information pertaining to the adoption and transference of motifs between juvenile and adult pots. This research will contribute new knowledge to Huron studies by analyzing juvenile pots and will demonstrate the feasibility in conducting fhreresearch on children in archaeological contexts.
STANCHLEY, Norbert University of Toronto, Terry POWIS Trent University, Jaime AWE Trent University, andlet Paul HEALY Trent University REMAINS FROM A MIDDLE FORMATIVE MIDDEN AT THE TOLOK GROUP, CAHAL PECH, BELIZE: IMPLICATIONS FOR PRECLASSIC LOWLAND MAYA ANlMAL RESOURCE UTILIZATION Session 8b, May 3, 15:OO / SCance 8b, 3 mai, 15 h 00
Archaeological investigations at the lowland Maya ceremonial centre of Cahal Pech, Belize, have focused on the Preclassic occupation of the site core and its peripheral settlement groups. Excavations at one such group, Tolok, resulted in the recovery of more than 5,000 shell and bone remains fiom within a Middle Formative-period midden (400-200 BC), representing the single largest faunal assemblage yet discovered in the Maya lowlands. Analysis of the remains indicates a reliance on a wide variety of local animal resources with a particular focus on fleshwater shells and fish. Moreover, the identiiication of several exotics, such as Caribbean reef fishes and shellfish, may have sigdicant implications for our understanding of Preclassic Maya trade and exchange networks. This paper places the Tolok data within both a local community level and wider regional context in order to shed light on patterns of faunal utilization by the lowland Maya during this poorly understood period of ancient Maya prehistory.
STEWART, Frances L. Department of Anthropology, McGill University ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE PROTO-HURONIPETUNS AND THE PROTO-ST. LAWRENCE IROQUOIANS OF ONTARTO Session 8% May 3, 11:OO / SCance 84 3 mai, 11 h 00
The large zooarchaeological samples fiom the proto-HuronJPetun Keffer Site, located just north of Toronto, and the proto-St. Lawrence McKeown Site, located in the Prescott area, are compared and contrasted. Both these villages date to around 1,500 AD. Their zooarchaeological samples are compared with others fiom contemporaneous sites in their respective vicinities to determine the "typical" patterns of exploitation for these two groups. The significance of the differences to the histories of these two peoples is discussed. STEWART, Kathlyn M. ~anadianMuseum of NatureMusee canadien de la nature FAUNA FROM THE KOSAPSOM SITE, VANCOUVER ISLAND: RESULTS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR NORTHWEST COAST FAUNAL RECOVERY Session 8b, May 3, 14:40 I Seance 8b, 3 mai, 14 h 40
Considerable faunal remains and artifacts have now been recovered fiom two seasons of excavation at the Kosapsom site, located on Vancouver Island. While excavation will be ongoing, analysis to date indicates a heavy reliance on fish resources, although mammals and particularly birds also comprise a large part of the diet. In the first season of excavation a 118" screen was used to screen all soil excavated. Because of the large number of very small faunal remains, the picking of bones fiom the screened matrix was extremely time-consuming, and in the second season a much smaller sample was screened. The result fiom samples taken from both years is that the numbers of rnicrofaunal elements, in particular those of anchovy and herring, recovered in the second season is only a fiaction of the first year, and thus the proportions of fauna are considerably altered fiom the first to second year. While this skewing has been acknowledged, it must seriously be considered in all faunal reports fiom the coastal sites.
STEWART, Kathlyn M. Canadian Museum of NatureMus6e canadien de la nature, andlet Frances STEWART Department of ~nthropolo~~,McGill University PREHISTORIC SUBSISTENCE PATTERNS IN PRINCE RUPERT HARBOUR, B.C. : AN UPDATE Session 2a, May 2, 10:OO / Seance 2% 2 mai, 10 h 00.
Recent excavations combined with re-analyses of previously excavated material fiom prehistoric sites in Prince Rupert Harbour, B.C., have provided a detailed picture of diet and subsistence of this area. The data derives fiom the Boardwalk, Grassy Bay, Dodge Island, Co-op, McNichol and GbTn-19 sites fiom the Harbour area, as well as results from the Greenville site situated slightly inland on the Nass River. The span of time in which some or all of these sites were occupied ranges fiom about 4,200 BP to about 600 BP. Variations in the fauna from the sites suggest considerable change in reliance on food resources, and probable change in seasonal population movements during this time. A population increase around 1,700 BP appears to be the motivating factor in changing the seasonal pattern in the area. Coordination of faunal data fiom these sites provides a model against which subsistence patterns in other Northwest Coast localities can be examined.
STOPP, Marianne P. Historic Resources Division, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador MINIJYG, LAND CLAIMS, AND ARCHAEOLOGY Session lb, May 2, 14:OO / Seance lb, 2 mai, 14 h 00
The recent mineral discoveries at Voisey's Bay in Labrador have catapulted archaeological resource protection to a fiont line concern. This paper considers, but does not answer, several questions. Is the aboriginal land use issue a stepping stone for the pursuits of academic research, andlor for the more prescribed but dollar-rich goals of CRM efforts? Or, is aboriginal land use considered an integral element of archaeology? A useful summary of the known sites and culture history of both the Voisey's Bay coastal zone and of the hinterland serves as a basis for considering the role of archaeology in light of the mining explosion.
STOPP, Marianne P. (Chairlpresidente) Historic Resources Division, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, LORING, Stephen Arctic Studies Center, Srnithsonian Institution, Kevin MCALEESE Newfoundland Museum, detMoira MCCAFFlU3Y McCord Museum of Canadian History PARTNERS FOR THE PAST: ARCHAEOLOGY AND THE FIRST NATIONS IN QUEBEC AND ATLANTIC CANADA. PART 2: LARGE SCALE MINING INTERESTS AT VOISEY'S BAY, LABRADOR Session lb, May 2, 13:30 - 17:OO / Seance lb, 2 mai, 13 h 30 - 17 h 00
The recent mineral discoveries at Voisey's Bay in Labrador have catapulted archaeological resource protection to a eont line concern. Mining interests (over 200 companies have staked a claims) view archaeological assessments as unexpected delays; government agencies understand the importance of archaeological preservation but are trying to cope with economic pursuits; the Innu Nation and Labrador Inuit Association struggle to make archaeological assessments a priority while negotiating land claims, and the provincial government's Historic Resources Division finds itself in the position of both justifling the need for preserving archaeological resources and insisting the assessments be carried out. This session brings together individuals who are involved in issues related to Voisey's Bay in an effort to voice the concerns for developing the most favourable approach to the region's prehistory.
SUTEERIAND, Patricia D. Canadian Museum of Civihation~Museecanadien des civilisations REVISITING AN OLD CONCEPT: THE NORTH COAST INTERACTION SPHERE Session 2% May 2, 11:40 / Seance 2a, 2 mai, 11 h 40
The concept of a "north coast interaction sphere" is reexamined in the light of recent interpretations of social and economic change on the northern Northwest Coast. Analysis of the concept is supported by a discussion of archaeological data fiom the Queen Charlotte Islands, Prince Rupert Harbour, and the Nass River area. The paper argues that a consideration of the prehistoric development of cultural complexity in individual Northwest Coast societies must take into account the dynamics of interaction and competition between diverse societies in the region. SUTTON, Douglas andlet Caroline THOMAS Department of Anthropology, University of Auckland, New Zealand ANTHROPOLOGY, EMPIRE AND NATIONS: INFLUENCES ON THE LIFE AND WORKS OF DIAMOND JENNESS Session 3, May 2, 09:40 / Seance 3, 2 mai, 09 h 40
SYMONDS, James ARCUS, Research School of Archaeology, University of Sheffield PRECIOUS CARGOES: TOWARDS AN ARCHAEOLOGY OF EIGHTEENTH- AND NDTTEENTH-CENTURY EMIGRATION FROM THE OUTER HEBRIDES TO NOVA SCOTIA Session 6, May 3, 10:OO / Seance 6, 3 mai, 10 h 00
Between 1760 and 1920 many thousands of Highland Scots emigrated fiom the Outer Hebrides to North America. The flow of migration was erratic, and in contrast to emigration from the Scottish Lowlands, comprised the chain migration of whole families and communities. In Nova Scotia this process has resulted in enduring pockets of Gaelic identity. The complexities of these movements have often been codated in the popular imagination into a singular event; the infamous 'Highland Clearances.' This paper calls for a new approach to the Highland diaspora. It is argued that new insights into the lived experience of emigrants (including the cognitive rift caused by emigration and the fragmentation of the donor society) can be achieved by adopting an eclectic approach which combines historical archaeology, oral testimony and folklore. The paper will outline research by the Universities of Sheffield and Leicester, which seeks to explore 'Highland' settlements on both sides of the Atlantic. Reference will be made to current excavation and survey work in the abandoned township of Milton (South Uist, Outer Hebrides) and to plans to investigate sites occupied by emigrants fiom South Uist in Cape Breton.
THOMAS, Stephen LACUSTRINE SALMONID EXPLOITATION AT THE OVER SITE (AIGu- 120), AN INLAND LATE IROQUOIAN VLLAGE NEAR TORONTO, ONTARIO Session 8% May 3, 11:20 / Seance 8% 3 mai, 11 h 20
The Over Site (AlGu-120) is an Iroquoian village occupied during the early to mid-fifteenth century, located 30 km upstream fiom the mouth of the Don River near Toronto. The fish assemblage is split into two groups. The first includes taxa available in the middle to upper reaches of the Don River. The second group, salmonid species characteristic of deep lake waters, is most readily available when spawning on lake shoals in the fall. Body portion data suggest local availability for the first group and off-site processing with long distance transport for the second. This implies a major lake-oriented subsistence effort in the fall. The level of commitment to this fishery may be reflected in the extremely low frequency of deer bones. Analysis of fish vertebra was essential for detection of the salmonid fishery, and the inference of its characteristics. Ordinarily a time-consuming process, we present a procedural shortcut which makes fish vertebra analysis more cost-effective and feasible for CRM projects.
THOMSON, J. Callum Jacques Whitford Environment Limited HISTORICAL RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS AT VOISEYS BAY, LABRADOR, FOR DIAMOND FlELDS RESOURCES INC.: AN OVERVIEW OF OBJECTIVES, METHODS AND RESULTS Session lb, May 2, 14:40 / Seance lb, 2 mai, 14 h 40
The Historic Resources Division required that Stage 1 archaeological assessments be undertaken of the main mineral exploration area around Discovery Hill, between Voisey's Bay and Anaktalak Bay, as well as of proposed sites of support facilities such as exploration camps, airstrip, wharf, access roads and quarries. In addition, Jacques Whitford archaeologists proposed to begin a baseline study of the 100 krn2 study area around the main exploration area to characterize the types of sites which might be present; The Labrador Inuit Association and-InnuNation, both of whom have overlapping land claims and resource use interests in the Voisey's Bay area, provided an archaeological monitor and field assistants to participate in the investigations. Traditional ecological knowledge was gathered by the two Native groups and helped to focus the field studies. A total of 32 sites were recorded in coastal and interior areas, ranging fiom 6,000 year- old Maritime Archaic sites on 100-m high raised beaches now 4 krn fiom the coast and a quartz vein on a high hillside which was probably exploited by these earliest explorers of mineral resources, through many Innu and Inuit hunting and camp sites of the past two centuries, to the 1927 base camp of the Rawson-MacMillan Subarctic Expedition, complete with contemporary Ford snowmobile. Additional preliminary surveys for Diamond Fields of fifteen remote exploration areas northwards to the Kiglapait Mountains region resulted in the recording of another 28 sites. Baseline studies, Stage 1 assessments and mitigative work will conthue through 1996.
TUCK,James A. Archaeology Unit, Memorial University of Newfoundland AN INTRODUCTION TO THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF FERRYLAND, NEWFOUNDLAND Session 9, May 3, 14:40 1 Seance 9,3 mai, 14 h 40
Archaeology at Ferryland has been carried out sporadically since the late 1960s. Beginning in 1992 a major research programme has been conducted. This paper provides a brief historical background to the site, which was occupied seasonally by Beothuk Indians and European fishermen throughout most of the sixteenth century. In 1621, George Calvert, later the &st Baron Baltimore, founded the Colony of Avalon, a settlement that persisted, in one form or another, until the present day. This paper describes four years of excavation, which have revealed less than ten percent of the original four-acre settlement as well as evidence of the earlier visitors to the place. The forge and a'large waterfront complex are described individually later in this session (see Carter and Gaulton). This paper looks at evidence of sixteenth-century occupations, two seventeenth- century house sites, a well, defensive structures, a privy and the "prettie streete" mentioned in 1622 by the colony's first governor. Initial excavations and a ground-penetrating radar survey conducted late in 1995 indicate that the entire colony lies preserved beneath the small settlement that today surrounds the inner harbour at Ferryland.
WALLACE, Birgitta Canadian HeritagePatrirnoine canadien, Halifax L'ANSE AUX MEADOWS AND VINLAND: AN ABANDONED EXPERIMENT Session 6, May 3, 11:20 / Seance 6,3 mai, 11 h 20
The pattern of Norse migration to Greenland, and fiom there to L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland, corresponds to David Anthony's model for migration. L'Anse aux Meadows fits into Anthony's initial 'scout' phase, with its widely dispersed 'island' settlements located in areas to be exploited and governed fiom a core area. The structure and composition of the Norse settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows show that it was a highly specialized gateway settlement at the entrance to Vinland, established for the exploitation of resources to be shipped back to Greenland. The description of Leifsbzidir, "Leifs camp," in the Vinland Sagas indicates that it, too, was a gateway settlement. In fact, the two sites are probably one and the same. L7Anseaux Meadows failed as a viable economic station and never developed beyond this initial phase of rnigration. The Vinland experiment was abandoned after only a few years.
WEILER, Michael Lawrencetown, N. S. CULTURAL-HISTORICAL DATA IN A LEGAL CONTEXT: UTILITY, INFORMATION CONTROL AND RESEARCH ETHICS Session 15, May 4, 16:OO / S6ance 15, 4 mai, 16 h 00
This paper deals with cultural-historical information relating to Aboriginal communities. Such information may consist of archaeological records, patterns of land tenure and land use, resource harvesting statistics, and traditional environmental knowledge, etc. It discusses the utility of this type of information in legal or quasi-legal contexts such as land claims negotiations, court battles over land-use codicts, or environmental impact assessments. It presents the Aboriginal use of Geographic Information Systems (GIs) as a possible tool for recapturing local control over community-related information and enhancing negotiating power, and points out a few ethical and methodological problems that may arise when attempting to represent indigenous environmental and land-use concepts using standardized scientific terms and tools.
WEITEHEAD,Ruth Holmes Nova Scotia Museum BEOTHUK ARTEACTS IN-MUSEUM COLLECTIONS Session 11, May 4, 11:40 / Seance ll,4 mai, 11 h 40
In 1985, the author spent six months travelling to museums across Europe and parts of the United States and Canada, looking for Beothuk material. This is a slide show of what few artifacts exist; it includes the collections of the Royal Scottish Museum, the Museum of Mankind in London, the Nova Scotia Museum, the Newfoundland Museum, the McCord Museum, the Canadian Museum of Civilization and the Ethnography Museum of Oslo.
WILSON, Barbara Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve SKANGWAII AND HAlDA GWAII WATCHMEN: MANAGING SPECIAL PLACES Session 10, May 3, 16:OO / SCance 10, 3 mai, 16 h 00
The Haida Gwaii Watchmen protect and manage village sites that are heavily visited during the summer and shoulder seasons. These village sites are within and adjacent to Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve. Continuing a practice that precedes the creation of the protected area, the Watchmen bring their traditional knowledge to the application and adaptation of today's' cultural resource management policies. The 1995 project to straighten several mortuary poles at Sgan Gwaii illustrates this process in action.
WOLLSTONECROFT, Michelle M. Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University RECENT RESEARCH IN B.C. PLATEAU PMAEOETHNOBOTANY Session 4, May 2, 15:OO / Seance 4,2 mai, 15 h 00
This paper discusses characteristic plant-gathering practices of the ethnographic and late prehistoric periods of the Southern Interior Plateau of British Columbia. Several strategies of non-agricultural management are examined.
WOOLLETT, James Brooklyn, New York ZOOARCHAEOLOGY AND THE PALAEOECONOMY OF UIVAK, NORTHERN LABRADOR Session 16, May 4, 14:OO / Seance 16, 4'mai, 14 h 00
This paper presents initial findings of analyses of faunal remains fiom the 18th-century Inuit winter sod house settlement of Uivak, northern Labrador. Recent excavations at the site, undertaken by Dr. Susan Kaplan and Jim Woollett, have concentrated on a large communal house and associated midden deposit. Diaries of Moravian missionaries describe the site as an important winter settlement in the later 18th century, and as a centre of fall whale hunting and winter sealing. Zooarchaeological analyses are utilized to reconstruct subsistence economy at Uivak and investigate the economic roles of these core hunting activities. Generalized subsistence economy changes in contact-period Labrador Inuit society will also be examined through comparison of the Uivak faunal data to those of other Labrador Inuit sites. ZACBARIAS, Sandra K. Deva Heritage Consulting Ltd. ARCHAEOLOGY AND THE PUBLIC IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: LISTENIING TO THE AUDIENCE Session 15, May 4, 14:20 / Seance 15,4 mai, 14 h 20
In 1995, I developed and presented a series of workshops introducing archaeology and cultural resource management to a variety of communities in B.C.: Bands and Tribal Councils, the B.C. Forest Service, and the logging industry. These workshops were a unique opportunity to teach in an informal setting that ranged fiom relaxed and supportive to potentially explosive. These workshops also provided an opportunity for me, as an archaeologist, to analyse and increase my understanding of the diering world views of these varied communities, and to improve my ability to communicate with the public about archaeology. In this paper I will describe the design of these workshops, how they were improved upon as issues arose, and what I learned fiom the process.
ZUTTER,Cynthia M. Department of Anthropology, University of Alberta ARCHAEOBOTANY OF ICELANDIC MIDDENS: COMPARING THE BIG AND SMALL Session 4, May 2, 14:OO / SCance 4,2 mai, 14 h 00
Archaeological farm middens fiom the Viking Age are found throughout the North Atlantic region and contribute important historical information regarding past ecological and economic conditions. Two Northern Icelandic archaeological farm midden sites were excavated in 1988 and 1990 and the botanical remains retrieved fiom these middens will be presented. Both macrobotanicals (i.e. leaves, seeds) and microbotanicals (i.e. pollen) were analysed to provide a complete picture of local vegetation and plant-use practices. Although it is generally accepted that midden pollen deposits reflect the local site environment, very interesting trends were revealed by comparing the results of the "big" and "small" archaeobotanical midden remains. Further, analysis of modern plant deposits fiom present-day farm middens, hay stores and hayfields provided examples of modern land and plant-use practices that will assist in the interpretation of the botanical materials from the archaeological deposits.
Canadian Archaeological Association Association Canadienne d'Arch6ologie Halifaw 1996
ALM,Claire, Centre de recherche en archeologie precolombienne, Institut d'art et d'archeologie,
I Universite de Paris, et Carole STIMMELL, Departement d'anthropologie, Universite de Toronto TMNG WOOD TO KNO WMORE ABOUT XWLE C~~ 1 Seance 16,4 mai, 16 h 20
1 Hormis les travaux de J.L. Giddings sur le bois flotte dans une optique principalement 1 dendrochronologique (Giddings 1940- 1960), seul C. Arnold a signale l'irnportance du bois pour I mieux comprendre la culture de Thule (Arnold 1994). Outre ces exemples et sans oublier les travaux de D. Lyaendecker sur des problemes d'identifications d'essences pour des sites de la i Terre de Bafh (Meta Incognita Project, Smithsonian Institution), aucun travail systematique n'avait encore ete entrepris en vue de mettre en place pour 1'Arctique une base referentielle d'infonnation sur le materiau bois. Cet outil de r8hcedes essences boreales permettra a long 1 terme d'etayer l'interpretation des vestiges archeologiques. Un ensemble de huit sites fouillees entre les annees 1950 et 1980 et dates des phases anciennes du Thule (Early Thule et Ruin Island phase) ont ete choisis afin de preciser par le role et l'irnportance du bois jusqu'aux hypotheses actuelles sur les migrations des Thuleens. L'etude detaillee des artefacts en bois et des aspects de ce materiau est en cours pour tenter de mettre en evidence les relations croisees entre a) les disponibilites en bois, les conditions d'approvisionnement et le choix des essences, b) la fonction des artefacts et les besoins, c) les techniques de manufactures, et de saisir ainsi une partie du comportement (savoir) technique de ce groupe culturel. En parallele et simultanement aux series &identification des essences trouvees sur chacun des sites, des analyses par l'activation neutronique (en collaboration avec C.Stirnmell, Universite de Toronto) visent a Baborer une methode pour diierencier le bois flotte du bois non flotte a£in de mieux apprehender les modes d'acquisition des matieres ligneuses (acquisition locale, echanges, deplacements). Les resultats prelirninaires obtenus sur des echantillons de bois flotte, de bois mort et de bois archeologique permettent d'evaluer la complexite et le nombre des facteurs polluants a prendre en compte dans l'interpretation des resultats. Ces derniers restent pourtant prometteurs.. .
ALLEN, Patricia, Services archeologiques, Nouveau-Brunswick SOlME PREVTOUSLY ~O~EARLYNEWBRWSWCK HISTORIC SIlES AhD O7H.R IiViWXSnNG STWF Seance 7,3 mai, 11 h
La communication presente un collage de sites interessants, sur lesquels aucune donnee n'a encore ete publike mais qui font l'objet d'etudes a la Direction des services archeologiques du Nouveau- Brunswick. Tous les sites ou objets ont kte signales par les proprietaires des terres ou par le grand public. Ils ont ete l'objet de Gsites et de leves, conformement au mandat habitue1 de la Direction. Certains peuvent &re lies a une periode historique ou a un groupe culture1 particuliers mais d'autres soulevent plus de questions qu'ils ne fournissent de reponses.
ARCEER, David, Northwest College, Prince-Rupert hEWEWDENCE ON THE DEWLOPMENT OF RANKED SOCIETY IN THE PRINCE RUPERT AREA Seance 2%2 mai, 10 h 40
Un leve archeologique effectue entre 1982 et 199 1 dans la region de Prince-Rupert a permis la decouverte d'un certain nombre de nouveaux sites villageois demeures intouches. L'analyse des cuvettes d'habitation donne a croire que, en ce qui a trait a la c8te nord de la Colombie- Britannique, le concept de classe hereditaire est ne aux environs de l'an 100 de notre ere, soit quelque 600 ans plus tard que les premieres evaluations le laissaient supposer. La cornmunication resume les nouvelles donnees et leur incidence sur la connaissance de l'evolution de la complexite culturelle dans la region septentrionale de la c8te nord-ouest.
ARMTTAGE, Peter, St. John's, et Daniel ASHINI, Nation innu, Sheshatshiu (TITRE INCONNU) Seance la, 2 mai, 11 h
BAIKIE, Gary, Torngasok Cultural Center (Nain), et Bryan HOOD, Universite de Triamso (Norvege) MINERAL RESOVRCE DEFELOPMENT, ARCHAEOLOGYAND ABORIGINAL RlGHTS IN NORrnERN LABRADOR Seance lb, 2 mai, 15 h
L'intensification recente de l'exploration miniere dans le nord du Labrador a suscite une importante reaction des archeologues et des peuples autochtones, qui ont tous a coeur d'attenuer l'incidence de ces travaux sur les ressources culturelles. L'exploration progresse rapidement dans un milieu ou s'exercent de fortes pressions a l'investissement et a la creation d'emplois et ou les revendications territoriales des Inuit et des Innu ne sont pas encore reglees. Les archeologues participant a l'evaluation des repercussions des travaux doivent assumer les responsabilites sociales et politiques inherentes a la rencontre entre les interets economiques et les preoccupations des autochtones. La communication resume les diflicultks eprouvees au cours de l'annke ecoulee et prksente quelques suggestions pour la collaboration entre les archeologues et les Inuit. BARRETT, James H., Departement d'anthropologie, Universite de Toronto COLOMZAl7ONFROM JWTHIN: THE PERIPIEMUZAl70N OF WUNGAGE ORKNEY Seance 6,3 mai, 9 h
Au XIe siecle, le petit royaume autonome viking des Orcades devint satellite de 1'Europe medievale chrktienne. La communication combine temoignages archeologiques et ethnohistoriques pour etudier les modifications culturelles a l'origine de cette transformation. Elle compare l'incidence des pressions economiques externes et les forces dialectiques internes. Elle suggere en outre que les efforts d'une lignee unique pour consolider un pouvoir seculier et syrnbolique pourraient avoir etk la source d'un changement socioeconomique. Des chefs cornme Thodhr Sigurdarson ont cherch6 a marginalisex Ieurs compititeurs en recourant au soutien pragmatique et symbolique de 1'8te royde et ecclbiastique des tats voisins. Si cette strathgie a porte ses hits a court terme, elle a probablement eu des effets irreversibles sur le caractere de la societe orcadienne. L'etude donne un aperp des vastes transformations sous-jacentes a l'evolution d'une socikte typique du bas Moyen Age vers une societe medievale europeenne. Elle presente enfin un modkle de BARRETT, James H., Departement d'anthropologie, Universite de Toronto, et Trevor J. RINGROSE, Departement des sciences mathematiques, Universite d7Aberdeen,~cosse BONE FKVGHT DATA AND THE ImRETAl7ON OF IATRA-SIE AND INTER-SITE ECONOMIC PATlElMNG: THEORYAhD PRACl7CE Seance 8b, 3 mai, 15 h 40 La communication a deux objectifs. D'une part, elle fait un survol des consequences, sur le plan zooarchCologique, du lien allometrique entre le poids des os des mamrnif"eres, des oiseaux et des poissons et leur poids total. D'autre part, elle montre que ce type de donnees (et autres temoins culturels) est un indice valide des comportements propres a un site et entre sites. Les donnees recueillies sur des sites de l'epoque viking et de l'epoque medievale du nord de l*cosse font l'objet d'analyses statistiques a une ou plusieurs variables. BATEY, Colleen, Glasgow Museums THE PICTS AND THEIR SUCCESSORS IN CAITHNESS AhD SUZYEWAhD' Seance 6,3 mai, 9 h 40 La periode etudiee dans cette communication s'etend du VII" siecle apres J.-C. au XIIe/XIW siZcle apres J.-C.; le temtoire etudie est la partie la plus septentrionale de la Grande-Bretagne continentale. Les documents dont on dispose pour etudier les Pictes et les populations des periodes viking et noroise superieure qui ont succede aux Pictes dans le Caithness-Shire et dans le comte de Sutherland (on trouvait moins comrnun~mentdes membres de ces populations, dans ce dernier comte), sont de sortes variees. Divers types de noms de lieu ont ete releves; il y en a peu qui datent de la pkriode prt%khg, mais ceux qui ont vu le jour apres l'arrivee des Scandinaves sont tres repandus (la distribution de ces noms se caracterise par une densite Bevee). Beaucoup d'objets de fouille archeologique ont ete trouves isolement dans le passe; le nombre des nouvelles decouvertes archeologiques dont on doit tenir compte est peu Beve actuellement. Pour la periode picte, les documents que l'on a sur les lieux d'habitation sont des documents relatifs a des objets de nature a se deteriorer un peu plus facilement que d'autres; pour la periode viking qui a suivi la periode picte et pour la periode noroise recente, les documents trouves sont des documents relatifs a des objets qui peuvent peut-Ctre etre reconnus plus facilement; de toute evidence, c'est sur cet aspect que les fouilles recentes ont principalement porte. On presentera aussi des documents associes a des lieux de sepulture; on traitera des sepulcres pictes distinctifs, ainsi que de leurs riches pendants vikings. Nous parlerons des lacunes qu'il y a dans nos connaissances et de la fa~onde favoriser l'avancement des connaissances. BEUKENS, Roelf, Isotrace Facility, Universite de Toronto WERADIOCARBON DATING OF SMAU WCOhWWTTONAL SAMPLES BY AM Seance 5,2 mai, 16 h La spectrometric de masse par accelerateur au carbone radioactif permet de dater de petits echantillons atypiques tels cultigenes, fordereset petits gastropodes, fibres, etc. La reussite des analyses est toutefois tributaire de la connaissance des constituants organiques et de leurs proprietes chirniques. La communication porte sur les le~onsa titrer des succes obtenus mais, surtout, des echecs. BLACK, David, Departement d'anthropologie, Universite du Nouveau-Brunswick, et David KEENLYSIDE, Musee canadien des civilisations AEUER :NORWHSERNHmIC SOmCING Seance 14,4 mai, 9 h a 12 h BLACK, David, Lucy WILSON et Shianne L. MACDONALD, Departement d'anthropologie, Universite du Nouveau-Brunswick SOURCES OF EXOlTC LITHICS FROMLATE WOODLAD COMPOMWTS ON WEBLISS ISWS Seance 7,3 mai, 10 h L'inventaire des sites archeologiques des iles Bliss comporte trois composants du Sylvicole maritime superieur (CP4-CP5) qui datent de 1050 a 1350 BP (soit environ 600 a 900 de notre he) et contiennent des quantites sigdcatives d'outils de pierre kclatee et de debitage exotiques. Des examens d'echantillons macroscopiques et des examens sur tranche mince de vestiges lithiques sdectionnes ont permis d'identifier les materiaux representes et de les comparer aux echantillons preleves sur des'sites connus de la peninsule maritime afin de determiner les sources des vestiges lithiques exotiques. Nos travaux montrent que, sur les fles Bliss tout au moins, les vestiges lithiques les plus exotiques n'ont ete utilisks que pendant une periode relativement breve. Nous concluons que les peuples autochtones vivant sur les lles a cette epoque ont acquis des articles en pierre provenant de sources tres eloignees come le centre nord du Maine, les terres interieures du Nouveau-Brunswick, le bassin Minas (Nouvelle-~cosse)et, peut-etre, l'fie-du- prince-~douardet le Quebec. BLAIR, Susan, Departement d'anthropologie, Universite du Nouveau-Brunswick THE PREHISTORIC SETlZEMENT OF GRAhD WAN:PRELLMlNARY RESULTS OF THE GWMANANARCHAEOLOGY PROJECT, PHASE 11 Seance 7,3 mai, 10 h 40 Le projet archeologique Grand Manan a ete entrepris a l'ke 1995.11 comprenait des travaux de recherche sur des collections ainsi que des leves et des fouilles dans l'archipel Grand Manan (sud- ouest du Nouveau-Brunswick). Les recherches effectuees dans les collections privees et publiques (musees) ont revele des traces de peuplement remontant a la periode archdique. D'importants leves faits a pied et la mise au jour partielle de dew sites archeologiques prkhistoriques completent ces donnees. Le site de Newton's Point (BeDq-11), site littoral exempt de coquillages, a livre un debitage lithique et des objets culturels datant du Sylvicole maritime superieur (soit d'environ 1000 ans). L'identification de materiaux importes (exotiques) et locaux suggere le r6le joue par Grand Manan dans les reseaux commerciaux crees dans la region pendant le Sylvicole superieur. Le site Baird (BdDq-3), productif en coquillages, vaste et peu profond, est constitue de plusieurs composants du Sylvicole maritime et de la periode historique. Enfin, le projet a pennis de reperer plusieurs sites archeologiques prkhistoriques non encore repertories, qui n'ont toutefois pas kt6 mis au jour. La communication presente les resultats prkliminaires du Projet arch6ologique de Grand Manan et examine l'importance des travaux pour la comprehension de l'histoire culturelle regionale. CANNON,Aubrey, Henry P. SCHWARCZ et Martin KNYF, Departement d'anthropologie, Universite McMaster ISOTOPIC COWIMITON OF SmSISmCE TREADS ATNAMU, BRIiTSH COLUMBIA Seance 8b, 3 mai, 14 h 20 L'analyse isotopique d'os de chiens sert a verifier les tendances caracterisant l'economie de subsistance pratiquee a Namu pendant une periode s'echelonnant de 6060 a 1405 BP. Les resultats sont cornparables a ceux d'analyses effectuees sur des ossements humains et correspondent aux tendances que semble avoir suivi la consommation de saumon et de crustaces, sclon l'andysc de vestiges fauniques. L'etude montre l'utilite des restes de chiens domestiques cornme temoignage distinct du regime des populations humaines de la c6te nord-ouest. CARLSON, Roy, Departement d'archeologie, Universite Simon Fraser ARTAhD SOCIETY ON WENOR2'HFEST COAST Seance 12,4 mai, 11 h 40 L'art autochtone de la c6te nord-ouest est generalement etudie en relation avec son r6le dans les interactions sociales comme indice de rang, de prestige et d'elitisme. Toutefois, l'etude attentive de l'ethnographie de la c6te nord-ouest ainsi que du contenu et du contexte de l'art prehistorique de la region indique une dimension spirituelle sous-jacente et montre que cette dimension fbt probablement l'origine des premikes etapes de l'evolution de la tradition artistique. La communication presente les temoignages archeologiques livr6es par les fouilles du site du canal Pender et un sommaire des donnees ethnographiques qui etayent la proposition. CARTER,Matthew, Section d'archeologie, Universite Memorial de Terre-Neuve AN ANALYSIS OF A SEFZNlEENW-CENTCRY BLACiCUUH SHOP AT FERRYLAND, mJwomDm Seance 9,3 mai, 15 h A l'ete 1994, une equipe de terrain de 1Wniversite Memorial a mis au jour une forge,dans une zone de Ferryland generalement appelee ((ThePoob. Les fouilles ont revel6 un bgtiment de forge en pierre, mesurant environ 1,2 mktre sur 1,8 metre, des indices d'autres structures ainsi qu'une enorme quantite de fer et de scories. L'etat de preservation remarquable du bititiment a permis aux archeologues d'en tirer une somrne d'inforrnation. La communication aborde la datation et la distribution du bgtiment. Elle decrit en outre differents types d'objets grice auxquels il sera possible de determiner ce que les forgerons de Ferryland fabriquaient et rdparaient. COOPER, Janet et Peter -N, Petun Research Institute PETW WORKED BOAE AID SHU STUDY PROJECT Communications affichees, 2-4 mai Presentation du tout nouveau Petun Research Institute, de ses collections et des ressources mises a la disposition des archeologues qui etudient les os travailles et les coquillages lies a l'histoire et a la prehistoire ontariennes. La communication met en valeur les projets de recherche rdcemment entrepris par Peter Hamalainen et Janet Cooper grice a l'institut, dont le premier volet porte principalement sur les nombreux objets fauniques trouves sur le site Sidey-Mackay mis au jour par Wintemberg dans les annees 20 et par Garrad, dans les annees 70. COUPLAND, Gary, Departement d'anthropologie, Universite de Toronto, Andrew MARTINDALE, Departement d'anthropologie, UniversitC de Toronto, et Susan MARSDEN, Museum of Northern British Columbia, Prince-Rupert DOES RESOURCE ABWANCE EXPLAIN LOCAL GROUP RAhK AMONG THE TSM.1. ~SCance2% 2 mai, 11 h Les groupes tsimshians locaux de la iln des XVIII" et siecles possedaient des territoires riches en ressources et occupaient, l'un par rapport a l'autre, des rangs sociaux. La communication explore les facteurs qui sous-tendaient ce classement. L'etude fait etat de correlations faibles, voire negatives, entre le rang d'un groupe a l'echelle locale, la taille de la population et l'abondance des ressources mesurees en fonction de la remonte du saumon. Pendant la periode visee par l'etude, le rang des groupes locaux etait dynamique et changeant, tandis que leurs territoires et l'abondance des ressources etaient trks statiques. Les resultats des travaux permettent d'attribuer a la guerre et au commerce la structure hierarchique des groupes locaux de Tsimshians plut8t qu'a l'abondance des ressources et a la population. CYBULSKI, Jerome S., Musee canadien des civilisations HWBIOLOGICAL RELATTONSHIPS ON THE NORTH COAST Seance 2b, 2 mai, 13 h 40 L'analyse de la distance biologique faite en 1992 sur quatre echantillons de squelettes etablit une etroite relation entre le port de Prince-Rupert et Greenville, sur la c6te nord, mais presente Blue Jackets Creek comeune entite distincte. D'autres echantillons, soumis a des tests de signdication, confirment une certaine cohesion entre les groupes de la c6te nord du continent, peut-etre indicatrice d'une source genealogique tsimshian commune vieille d'environ 3000 ans. L'analyse confirme le caractQe distinctif des squelettes vieux de 4000 ans retrouves a Blue Jackets Creek, les classant tres loin des habitants posterieurs de Hdida Gwaii. Les ossements de la periode historique ulterieure sont plus proches de ceux qui proviennent de la portion septentrionale de la c8te continentale et qui remontent a la periode prehistorique. Ils ont toutefois un caractere distinct, qui pourrait rksulter d'obstacles physiographiques aux contacts ou refleter une origine dserente. D'ANDREA, A. Catherine, Departement d'archeologie, Universite Simon Fraser DISPERSAL OF DOMESTlCATW PLANTS INTO NORlEEASmRN JAPAN Seance 4,2 mai, 14 h 40 Lcs rccherches archeobotiiniques menees recemment au Japon ont demontre la presence de sarrasin, de millet, de riz et d'autres plantes domestiques dans des contextes lies a la culture . jomon. L'argumentation presentee dans la communication veut que l'introduction de plantes domestiques pourrait ne pas avoir mod56 fondamentalement les modes de subsistance de l'epoque jomon. 11 est en outre suggere que le riz s'est repandu dans le nord-est du Japon en marge de la technique des rizieres et que la propagation de sa culture pourrait ne pas avoir ete sensiblement ralentie pas des facteurs culturels et ecologiques. Au contraire, le caractere du peuplement et des moyens de subsistance d'une phase ulterieure de l'epoque jomon, dont on a trouve la trace dans le nord-est pourrait avoir facilite l'introduction de la culture en riziere. DEAL, Michael et Aaron BUTT, Section d'archeologie, Universite Memorial de Terre-Neuve BEOWUX PALAEOETHNOBOTANY: C-T RESEARCH AND FUTURE CONSIDERAUONS Seance 11,4 mai, 9 h On connait ma1 l'utilisation que les Beothuks faisaient des plantes. La source la plus fiable d'information nouvelle a cet egard est la recherche paleoethnobotanique. Or, depuis 1990, des etudiants de 1Wniversite Memorial etudient les vestiges de plantes decouverts dans les composants beothuks des sites de la plage de Deer Lake (BhDi-6), de l'anse de Boyd @iAp-3) et de Ferryland (CgAf-2). A l'kte 1995, l'equipe a systematiquement Bchantillonne les foyers des fosses d'habitation beothuks des sites des plages (DeAk-4-1) de la baie Trinity, en vue d'etudes paleoethnobotaniques. La communication porte principalement sur les objectifs et les resultats des fouilles des plages, met a jour notre connaissance de l'utilisation que les Beothuks faisaient des plantes et etablit un lien entre la distribution connue des sites archeologiques beothuks et les . regions ecologiques reconnues de lye de Terre-Neuve. DENTON, David, Administration regionale crie LARGE-SCALE RESOURCE EXPLOITAUON ARCHAEOLOGY AAD ABORIGINAL INTERESTS IN QUZBEC Seance la, 2 mai, 11 'h 20 La communication resume les relations entre les groupes autochtones, le gouvemement et les promoteurs en ce qui a trait a l'archeologie, dans le contexte a la fois du projet hydroelectrique de la baie James et de l'exploitation miniere et forestiere plus recente. Elle met en lurniere des aspects positifs et negatifs de certains modeles favorisant la participation des premieres nations aux recherches archeologiques. Les cas etudies concement surtout les Cris, mais egalement d'autres groupes autochtones du Quebec. DRAKE, Martha, Division des ressources historiques, gouvemement de Terre-Neuve et du Labrador (TITRE INCONNU) Seance lb, 2 mai, 15 h 40 DYCK, Ian, Musee canadien des civilisations H7STORTCAL PERSPECTmS ONA M.lEENlH-CENTCRY COLLECITON OF ABORIGINAL POTTERY FROM ALBERTA Seance 3,2 mai, 11 h Parmi les premieres collections albertaines a figurer au Musee canadien des civilisations se trouvent quelques poignees de tessons mal documentes, qui appartiennent a un seul et mcme contenant de fabrication autochtone. La reconstitution montre qu'il s'agissait d'un vase a panse de taille moyenne, imprime a la corde, dont l'epaulement est legerement dentele, le col pratiquement vertical et la levre plate, striee d'encoches diagonales. La recherche historique revele qu'il ht trouve sur les bords de la riviere Red Deer, en 1889, par le tout premier employe a temps plein de la Commission geologique du Canada : Thomas C. Weston. Elle montre aussi que le prdevement a eu lieu pendant une phase intermediaire des etudes sur les ceramiques de la region septentrionale des Prairies, aprks l'epoque de la fabrication et de l'utilisation, mais avant l'emergence des concepts anthropologiques de l'analyse des ceramiques. Ce contexte pourrait expliquer l'insuffisance des analyses faites au XM" siecle. Malgre le mystere qui l'entoure, cette poterie figure dans daerentes etudes du XX" siecle. Des comparaisons faites recernrnent avec des specimens mieux documentes suggerent qu'elle pourrait dater de l'an 1100 a 1400 de notre ere. Elle serait associee, sur le plan culturel, a un groupement mal deni appele diversement ceramique du type Ethridge, ceramique du type Wascana et miriation tardive de la culture du bassin de la Saskatchewan,). FEDJE, Daryl, Patrirnoine canadien, Victoria EARLY HOLOCENE ARCHAEOLOGY ATNCNARDSONISL4ND, HAIDA GWAII Seance 10,3 mai, 15 h Le site de l'ile Richardson est un campement multicomposant datant de ItHoloceneiderieur. I1 regroupe deux localites, l'une etant une zone intertidale contemporaine et l'autre se caracterisant par une plage surdevee de quinze metres. En 1995, une equipe a etudie minutieusement les gisements culturels stratifies associes a la plage surelevee du site. Ele a analyse les expositions naturelles, fait un prelevement systematique d'echantillons a la tariQe et effectuk des fouilles exploratoires. Les horizons culturels datent de 9050 BP environ, pour ce qui est de la base, et de 8000 BP environ, plus pres du sommet. Les horizons iderieurs se caracterisent par une grande quantite de bifaces et de gros outils de pierre. Dans les horizons superieurs, on trouve plut6t une abondance de microlames, de nuclei et de gros outils de pierre plus quelques bifaces. L'analyse lithique des composantes archeologiques bien datees de lye Richardson et de la baie Echo, toute proche, suggere une transition technique peu apres 9000 BP environ. La technique des bifaces est bien representee pour la periode preckdente, contrairement a celle des microlames. Apres cette epoque, les bifaces se rarefient, tandis que la technique des microlames est abondamment representee. Ces tkmoignages correspondent bien a ceux qu'ont livres d'autres sites de Hdida Gwaii, celui de Namu, sur la c6te centrale, et plusieurs sites matitimes du sud de 1'Alaska. FERRIS, Neil, ministere des Maires civiques, de la Culture et des Loisirs de l'ontario PLAEWNG FOR THE PLAGVZNG AC T... AGAIN Seance 15,4 mai, 14 h Le 28 mars 1995, le gouvernement de I'Ontario adoptait une loi modiiant la Loi sur I'amenagement du territoire qui, entre autres choses, renforgait et ameliorait les dispositions relatives a la conservation archeologique dans le contexte de l'amenagement du territoire. Le 6 juin 1995, le Parti Conservateur &ait elu a la majorite et s'empressait de proposer la modification de la loi. Or, voici maintenant qu'on prevoit deja la revision de la nouvelle loi sur l'amhagement du territoire et qui serait promulguee a l'ete 1996. Au moment de la redaction du present resume, les dispositions relatives a la conservation archeologique - tres profondement modifiees - sont deja a l'etude. La communication propose un survol du cycle apparemment sans fin des modifications legislatives, de la mise en oeuvre des politiques et de la formation des responsables de la conservation archeologique dans le contexte de l'amenagement du territoire amorce depuis trois ans. Elle aborde aussi les repercussions des modiications actuelles sur la conservation pemanente (?) du patrimoine archeologique en une epoque ou les priorites gouvernementales et les realites subissent des transformations radicales. FINLEY, Scott et Dale HOOD, Washburn and Gillis Associates Ltd. RE-EVALUAlTNG THE SIGMFICANCE OF SOME CANOE ROUTES Seance 7,3 mai, 9 h 40 L'evaluation de corridors lineaires peut ouvrir aux chercheurs de nouvelles perspectives et possibilitb, particulierement si les travaux int&gmtdes donnees multidisciplinaires. Ce htle cas pendant l'evalyation des incidences environnementales d'un trongon de 125 kilometres de la route transcanadienne passant dans le sud du Nouveau-Brunswick. La recherche et la compilation de donnees culturelles et biophysiques ont donne lieu a une nouvelle interpretation de l'association entre plusieurs sites archkologiques et la route des canoes Washademoak-Petitcodiac. La communication presente des donnees qui resument pres de 4000 ans de frequentation. Cow Point, situe a l'extremite ouest de la region des Grands Lacs, n'est pas un lieu de sepulture anomal le long d'un bras de riviere preeuropken. Le lieu pourrait avoir ete un carrefour tres achalande ou le point de convergence de routes preeuropeennes. L'expose presente des donnees a l'appui de cette hypothese. FITZHUGH, William, Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution " MNING IN THE NORTH: COlklMYVTYISS~SIN EYE FROBISHER BAYMETA INCOGNITA PROECT Seance la, 2 mai, 8 h 40 En 1990, un projet d'etudes ircheologiques sur le site de lye Kodlunarn, a l'embouchure de la baie de Frobisher, qui fbt l'emplacement des < FLADMARK, Knut, Departement d'archeologie, Universite Simon Fraser FROMUAD TO SEA: LAE QUAR~ARYE~RO~NTSOF ITIE NORITIERN NORi'HWZST COAST Seance 2% 2 mai, 9 h 40 La communication resume les connaissances actuelles sur les zones du nord de la c6te nord-ouest de la fin du Quaternaire. Elle porte particulikrement sur les facteurs paleoenvironnementaux (y compris la periode et l'ampleur des avancees glaciaires de la iin du Pleistocene, les grandes variations du niveau de la mer et l'evolution moderne des bassins hydrographiques de la Stikine, de la Nass et de la Skeena) capables de limiter la presence humaine dans une region donnee ou tout au moins responsables de profondes modifications des adaptations culturelles. Elle aborde aussi, accessoirement, l'evolution depuis environ 15 000 a 20 000 ans BP des systkmes biotiques terrestres reveles par les etudes palynologiques. ~tantdome des diierences importantes au sein d'une meme region, les paleoenvironnements sont divises en trois sous-regions : 1) les fles de la Reine-Charlotte; 2) le sud-est de 1'Alaska; et 3) le nord de la c6te continentale vers l'amont des rivieres Stikine, Nass et Skeena, jusqu'a Telegraph Creek et Hazleton, environ. Fait a noter : il existait une voie de communication terrestre entre les fles de la Reine-Charlotte et le continent, au debut de l'Holockne, qui disparut lors d'une augmentation fblgurante du niveau de la mer, vers 9000 a 10 000 BP, et dont les legendes haidas sur les inondations font probablement etat. Ces traditions autochtones decrivent peut-etre aussi d'autres catastrophes comme la coulee de lave dtAiyansh, survenue il y a environ 220 ans BP dans la vallee de la Nass et le glissement du Rocher Deboule dans la vallke de la Skeena, il y a environ 3500 ans. FRIESEN, Max, Departement d'anthropologie, Universite McGill PATTERNS OF MEAT STORAGE AND TRANSPORT INFERRED FROM ITIREE CACHES NEt4R BAKER LAKE, NUVA WT Seance 8b, 3 mai, 13 h 30 L'entreposage de grandes quantites de viande est une composante cruciale de nombreux systemes de subsistance des societes de chasseurs-cueilleurs. Il implique souvent la construction de caches speciales. Toutefois, il est difFicile de reconstituer les modes anciens d'entreposage, puisque les constructeurs vidaient habituellement les caches, laissant peu de temoignages zooarcheologiques. La communication fait etat du contenu de trois caches trouvees pres du lac Baker, dans le Nunavut, qui sont remarquables du fait que leur contenu ne fbt jamais retire et laissa de nombreux echantillons d'ossements provenant d'au moins quatorze caribous. La distribution des dements observes est presentee comeun indice de l'utilite de la viande, des coiits de transport et de modes de depegage du caribou documentes sur le plan ethnographique. GAULTON, Barry, Section d'archeologie, Universite Memorial de Terre-Neuve FLAGSTONES, COBBLESrOhESAh'D ROOF SLATES: SEPENTEENl'Z-CEN2TRY STOhE CONSTRUCIIONATFERRIZ4ND, AEFWOWLAhD Seance 9,3 mai, 15 h 40 Les fouilles effectuees dans le petit village de p6cheurs de Ferryland, le long d'une portion de littoral abrite du port, connue sous le nom de < GENDRON, Daniel et Tommy WEETAL- Avataq Cultural Centre PlBLIC A WmSSAND ARCHmOLOGY INNUiVAVZK Seance la, 2 mai, 9 h GILBERT, William, Section d'ircheologie, Universite Memorial de Terre-Neuve THE SEARCH FOR CWERT COPE Seance 9,3 mai, 14 h En aoiit 1610, la London and Bristol Companyfor the Plantation of Navfoundland ktablissait une colonie a Cupers Cove (maintenant rebaptiske Cupids), dans la baie de la Conception, a Terre-Neuve. Cupers Cove fbt la premiere colonie anglaise au Canada. Sans succes sur le plan commercial, la plantation n'en marque pas moins les debuts d'un peuplement europeen permanent a Terre-Neuve. Les travaux archkolo'giques entrepris a Cupids en 1973 et 1974 n'aboutirent pas a la decouverte du site de Cupers Cove. C'est en juillet 1995 qu'un lev6 archiologique de Cupids effectue sous la direction de l'auteur permit de mettre au jour un site du debut du XVIICsiecle. Des fouilles prelimhaires ont aussi ete entreprises pour determiner 1'6tat de preservation du site et la possibilite de poursuivre les travaux d'excavation. Les historiens ont generalement considQC que la colonie de Cupers Cove avait ete abandonnee dans les annees 1620. Or, les donnees recueillies en 1995 suggerent qu'elle pourrait s'etre maintenue beaucoup plus longtemps. Les observations indiquent l'occupation ou l'utilisation continues du lieu pendant la majeure partie du XVIICsiecle. La communication precise les techniques utilisees pour situer le site de meme que les resultats du leve, GILBERT, William, Section d'archeologie, Universite Memorial de Terre-Neuve THE RUSSELL'S POINT SITE: A PROTOEISTTMC BEOTHUK SIZE IN lRI1ITY BAY Seance 11,4 mai, 9 h 20 C'est en aoirt 1610 que fbt etablie la premiere colonie officielle de Terre-Neuve, soit a Cupers Cove (maintenant rebaptisee Cupids), dans la baie de la Conception, sous la direction de John Guy. A l'automne 1612, Guy et dix-huit colons fkent voile depuis Cupids jusque dans la baie Trinity, dans l'espoir d'etablir des relations arnicales avec les Beothuks. Le 26 octobre, les colons decouvraient un campement beothuk sur le rivage d'un < HAMILTON, Scott, Departement d'anthropologie, Universit6 Lakehead, et B.A. NICHOLSON, Departement des etudes autochtones, Universite Brandon VICKERS FOCUS OCCUPAl7ON OF SOUiTlWESERNWTOBA: ISSUES OF EAWROAGWZNTAL ADAPTATTONAAD CUGWUAL ORIGINS Seance 12,4 mai, 10 h Les fouilles et les travaux de reconnaissance entrepris dans les dunes de Lauder (sud-ouest du Manitoba), montrent un regroupement dense de sites archeologiques datant de la fin de l'epoque prCeuropeeme que l'on peut qualifier d'exotiques, sur le plan culturel. Ces sites sont lies a la culture de Vickers Focus, que l'on croit derivee des bassins hydrographiques du Missouri et du Mississipi, dans le Minnesota, llIowa, le Dakota du Nord et le Dakota du Sud. Dew saisons de' reconnaissance sur le terrain ont permis de reperer sept sites sur moins de deux kilometres carres, ce qui est plus du triple des sites figurant sur l'inventaire precedent des sites Vickers du Manitoba. Cette densite nous amene a nous demander quelles conditions ont bien pu attirer ces peuples dans les dunes et de quel milieu culturel ces derniers venaient. Les reconstitutions paleoenvironnementales donnent a croire qu'ils ont ete attires par un riche ecotone compose de terres humides et de bocages de feuillus entoures de prairies mixtes. Nous avanqons en outre que la culture de Vickers Focus est l'expression nordique d'une tradition sylvicole tardive caracteristique des Prairies, like d'une faqon encore indeterminee aux groupes des villages des prairies qui ont instaure le mode de vie sedentaire des villages et de la culture dans l'est des Prairies. HUM-~TLEY,Susan, Bureau federal d'archeologie, Patrimoine canadien IS SHARED LEADEMHIP AN OXIMORON? Seance 15,4 mai, 13 h 40 Les pressions budgetaires, les programmes de reduction des effectifs, de meme que des questions legislatives et territoriales, forcent toutes les organisations, les publiques comeles privees, a redenir leurs priorites et a reevaluer leur capacite d'executer des programmes; c'est le cas du Bureau federal d!archeologie dont Parcs Canada est dote depuis peu. Cette communication porte sur les defis qu'il faut relever au moment ou le Bureau fkdQal d'archeologie doit essayer de faire jouer au gouvernement federal un rGle de chef de file en matike de gestion des ressources culturelles; cette communication traite aussi des approches que l'on utilise ou que l'on envisage d'utiliser pour atteindre cet objectif. HUNSTON, Jeff, Direction du patrimoine yukonais I Yukon Heritage Branch THE FEDERAL dEERENDING)) STORY - A YUKON PERSPEClTiZ AND ALTERNAiTE Seance 3,2 mai, 11 h 20 Burley nous a donne (dans le Journal canadien d'archeologie, vol. 18,1994) une analyse provocante et approfondie des tentatives du gouvernement federal pour creer une legislation , concernant le patrimoine. Constatant l'absence de mecanismes efficaces qui permettraient de repondre a ses besoins en matiere de protection et de gestion des ressources archeologiques, le Yukon a decide d'agir. La Loi sur le patrimoine historique (1991), la Loi momant la Loi sur le patrimoine historique (1996), Entente-cadre kale conclue avec le Conseil des Indiens du Yukon - Chapitre 13 : Patrimoine; Chapitre 10 : Regions de gestion speciale; Chapitre 12 : valuation du developpement, le Programme d'archeologie du Yukon (1988), le Programme de paleontologie du Yukon (1996) et le fhrCentre des ressources historiques du Yukon (dont la creation a ete annoncee en 1994) seront les principaux outils c IVES, John W., Provincial Museum of Alberta A WAPASKANS AND THE NORlRFESlERN PLAINS PERIPHERY Seance 12,4 mai, 11 h 20 Les plaines du nord-ouest occupent un emplacement gkographique critique s'agissant d'expliquer comment les Athapascans d'ascendance apache en sont Venus a quitter la region subarctique. Bien que la venue des Athapascans dans cette region ait probablement laisse peu de traces archeologiques, les donnks existantes sont sowent mal interprktdeq particul.iCrmemt en ce qui a trait au sud-ouest des ~tats-~niset aux plaines du sud. La communication prksente les caracteristiques de la signature archeologique que devrait avoir laisse le passage des Athapascans de la region subarctique vers les Prairies. En effet, la litterahre actuelle insiste generalement sur des facteurs (tels les chutes de cendres de la riviQe White) ayant pu ccpousser,, les ancetres apaches hors de la foret bor6ale. II esl lout aussi itnportant de comnprendre le gemwe de m~lilieuqui aurait pu attirer les Athapascans de la region subarctique vers la fin de la periode preeuropeenne des Prairies du nord-ouest. JERKIC, Sonja M., Section d'archeologie, UniversitC Memorial de Terre-Neuve BEOTHUK BIOLOGY: AEW nEWS FROM OLD MAlEIAL Seance 11,4 mai, 9 h 40 Les vestiges archeologiques et leur interpretation ont pennis de comprendre, dansune certaine mesure, la vie et l'evolution des Beothuks. S'ajoutent a cette information des documents historiques dont certains fournissent meme une description de leurs traits physiques. II est dficile de faire des etudes d'anthropologie physique, memes tres simples, etant donne la rarete des vestiges osseux. Toutefois, des travaux recents sur des vestiges de squelettes et de momies beothuks ont ajoute aux donnees produites par les analyses metriques et morphologiques standard, griice a la recuperation d'ADN, a l'analyse isotopique, a la datation au radiocarbone, a l'histologie et a la parasitologie. Ces resultats compl6tent les travaux historiques et archeologiques mais, en meme temps, soulevent de nouvelles questions. JOSENHANS, Heiner, Centre-geoscientifiquede llAtlantique, Institut oceanique de Bedford, et Daryl FEDJE, Patrimoine canadien, Victoria LAADSCAPE EVOLUITON OF HAIDA GWAII AhD HECATE STRAIT: A STORY OF EARLY HWS,RAPIDLY FALLING SEAS AND GLACIERS Seance 10,3 mai, 13 h 40 Les paysages de Haida Gwaii et des regions marines limitrophes du detroit d'Hecate ont subi des transformations spectaculaires depuis la fh de la derniere periode glaciaire, il y a environ 13 500 ans. Les variations du niveau de la rner dans cette region representent un rajustement entre, d'une part, les variations globales du niveau de. la rner et, d'autre part, le rehaussement ou 1'aEaissement de la terre. En effet, si la terre se souleve plus rapidement que le niveau global de la mer, ce dernier semble diiuer. Aussi, nos conclusions reflkent-elles le niveau relatif de la rner selon ses variations dans le temps. Des recherches menees conjointement, sur terre, avec des archeologues et, en mer, avec des geologues, ont revelk des plages et des elements connexes qui surplombent de plus de quinze metres la c6te actuelle et qui se sont fomes quand le niveau marin etait plus deve, il y a environ 9000 ans. Les nombreux objets fa~onnes(outils de pierre et microlames) retrouves sur ces sites c6tiers rehausses datent d'au moins 9300 ans BP. Des etudes de geologie marine des paysages submerges de l'archipel de Haida Gwaii et d'autres plus avant dans le detroit d'Hecate montrent que, il y a 10 400 ans, le niveau de la rner etait inferieur de 110 metres au niveau present. Nous avons verifie et mesure ce changement spectaculaire dans sept zones de la region de l'archipel et determine qu'il s'est deve de 150 metres en 1500 ans, a partir d'une periode datant de 10 500 ans environ, soit une variation d'a peu pres 10 centimetres par annee! Les etudes paleogeographiques de cette periode de diminution du niveau marin montrent que la zone de terre exposee autour de Haida Gwaii etait beaucoup plus vaste et, de fait, allait presque jusqu'au continent. Les rives exposees etaient de faible relief, constellees de lacs et traversdes de rivihres, et reposaient sur du gres et du limon vulnerables a 1'Qosion. Les releves polliniques des sediments lacustres submerges font etat de prairies ouvertes colonisees par des herbes, le carex, le pin et l'epicea, dans des zones maintenant submergees. Cette periode caracteride par un faible niveau marin et des terres exposees a dure au moins 2000 ans. Avant 14 000 BP environ, les glaciers Venus de la chaine c6tiere de Colombie-Britannique et des glaciers de piemont locaux de l'archipel Haida Gwaii dominaient la region. Au plus fort de la periode glaciaire, la baie Juan Perez etait recouverte par un glacier de pikmont d'une epaisseur d'environ 200 a 400 metres, qu'alimentaient des glaciers de montagne localises. Ce glacier de piemont stetalaitjusqu'a 30 kilometres du fond de la baie Juan Perez. Le banc Laskeek, tout proche, n'etait pas sous les glaces a l'epoque. Apres le retrait des glaciers de la vdee, les glaciers de montagne et leurs eaux de fonte ont continue, jusqu'a environ 12 500 BP, a deposer un epandage fluvioglaciaire et de la farine glaciaire en abondance dans les bassins a fjords des bras Logan et Huston. KAPLAN, Susan A,, Departement de sociologie et d'anthropologie, College Bowdoin EIGHTEENTH-CENmY LABRALIOR I.TCULTURE: SOCIAL AhD E7VTTROhWlWTAL STRESS OR ECONOMC SUCCESS? Seance 6,3 mai, 11 h 40 Les specialistes ont echafaude differentes hypotheses relativement a la nature des facteurs ayant pu declencher les transformations architecturales et societales survenues au Labrador, au XVm" siecle. L'une de ces hypotheses suppose que la culture inuit du Labrador a ainsi rkagi aux tensions resultant du refioidissement du milieu pendant le petit ige glaciaire. Une autre avance que les changements socio-economiques etaient une faqon de composer avec la croissance demographique et les contacts avec les Europeens. La communication examine ces hypotheses a la lumiere de nouvelles donnees archeologiques et environnementales. KEEN, Sharon, Heritage Resource Consultant, Alex MASS, Consultant en archeologie, et Marjorie SMITH, Eduarc Consulting WOMEN IN B. C. ARCHAEOLOGY: THE EARLY DECADES Seance 3,2 mai, 1 1 h 40 Suivant une methode historique, les auteurs tentent de mettre en lumiere et de documenter la contribution de femmes archeologues au cours des premieres decennies de la discipline en Colombie-Britannique. Cette branche du savoir etant relativement jeune en Colombie-Britannique, les auteurs ont juge opportun de commencer a documenter la contribution de certaines specialistes tandis que nous avons encore acces a leur histoire de premiere main. Certaines femmes ont reussi dans le milieu universitaire. Beaucoup d'autres, en depit d'attestations officielles ou a cause du nepotisme, ont ete contraintes d'assumer des r6les administratifis ou para- universitaires pour gagner leur vie. D'autres encore ont apporte leur contribution dans une sphere extraprofessio~elle. KEENLYSIDE, David, Musee canadien des civilisations P. E. I. LIWICS: CLUES TO POPULA l7ON MOTZMENTS Seance 7,3 mai, 9 h La situation geographique de l'Be-du-prince-~douard,au centre de la portion sud du golfe du Saint-Laurent fit de la province un carrefour economique du Canada atlantique preeuropeen. Lye se caracterise par des milieux attrayants et riches en ressources en certaines saisons mais 6gdement par la des ressources lithiques utilisables pour la fabrication d'outils. Un lev6 qualitatifdes vestiges lithiques de l'be, rkunis dans des collections de surface et des assemblages recueillis a l'occasion de fouilles, fournit d'importants indices sur les mouvements de population, les reseaux commerciaux, l'evolution des modes de subsistance et les preferences en outils lithiques durant 11 000 ans d'histoire. L'occurrence rare de quartzite du Labrador dans la baie Ramah, associee a des horizons culturels clairement definis, est indicatrice d'echanges cornmerciaux bien etablis avec le Labrador, sur de longues distances, au cours des 5000 dernieres annees, voire davantage. LUUCY, Richard Shawn, College of Geographic Sciences GIS AND THE DEBERTPALEOINDIAN COMPLEX Communications afiichees, 2 au 4 mai Les systemes d'information geographique (SIG) et la teledetection sont en train de devenir rapidement des outils importants pour les fouilles et les analyses de site ou de complexe. Comme l'ont montre Krist et Brown dans leur article intih.de ( LATI'A, M.A. et Lisa ANSELMI, Scarborough College, Universite de Toronto EXPEDIENCY AID CURAlTON: THE USE AND DISZUIBUIION OF COPPER AN9 BRASS SCRAP AT THE THOMSON-WALKER AND AUGER SITES IN SOUTHERN ONTARTO Seance 12,4 mai, 9 h 40 La communication aborde les methodes employees pour evaluer la decomposition, la transformation, l'utilisation, l'usure et la dissemination de dechets de laiton et de cuivre par les peuples autochtones des Grands Lacs a partir de l'etude pilote de 700 fragments des sites Auger et Thornson-Walker (mesiecle), associb a la confederation huronne, dans le sud de l'ontario. LEBLANC, Leola, Departement d'anthropologie, Universite de Trent SMALL MAMMAL TAPHONOMY FROM THE KONSPOL CAESITE, ALBANIA Seance 8b, 3 mai, 16 h Les fouilles effectuees dans la grotte de Konispol, situee dans le district de Sarande, en Albanie, ont revele une sequence allant du Mesolithique a l'iige de pierre. ~esdonnees archeologiques indiquent que la grotte fbt occupee du Nkolithique a l'iige de bronze. Les vestiges macrofauniques qui y ont ete trouves indiquent en outre a quelle periode la grotte fbt occupee par des etres humains et coniirment la transition entre un mode de vie fondee sur la chasse et la cueillette d'une part et l'agriculture d'autre part. L'analyse des petits mammXeres trouves a Konispol va nous aider a rnieux comprendre l'environnement a l'epoque de ces anciennes occupations humaines par la comparaison des resultats de l'etude des rnicromammSeres aux resultats de l'etude des macromaderes. L'analyse taphonomique va demontrer comment les accumulations et les modiifications osseuses se sont produites dans l'assemblage faunique. L'analyse va enfin pennettre dtidentif?erle predateur responsable de l'accumulation de petits 0s. Ces donnees sont celles des premiers travaux de recherche en archeologie zoologique faits en Albanie. Nous esperons contribuer aux travaux taphonomiques actuels et montrer l'importance des vestiges de petits m&eres sur les sites archeologiques. LEBLANC, Sylvie, Section d'archeologie, UniversitC Memorial de Terre-Neuve A PLACE WIJH A mEW: GROSWAmR SETlZEMENT/SmSISlENCE PATlERNS IN rnE GrnOF ST.LArnNCE Seance 16,4 mai, 13 h 40 L'expose aborde la reconstitution des modes de peuplement et de subsistance de Groswater par l'etude de la mobilite ou du mouvement du peuple de Groswater au sein de la zone visee par l'etude. L1 presente d'abord un modde previsionnel de mobilite fonde sur la repartition des ressources lithiques et fauniques regionales. L'analyse des donnees recueillies sur sept sites dans l'optique de l'organisation technique et spatiale sur les sites pennet d'evaluer la validite du modele. LEE, Ellen, Politiques et revendications autochtones, Nouveaux parcs et lieux, Bureau federal d'archeologie, Patrimoine canadien NORTHERN CLAIMS AhD CUTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Seance 15,4 mai, 16 h 20 Des quatre ententes territoriales relatives au Nord qui ont ete negociees et signees dans les annees 80 kt 90, trois seulernent comprennent des dispositions touchant les ressources culturelles, patrimoniales et archeologiques. Les ententes avec la FTN, le Conseil des Indiens du Yukon et le Sahtu reconnaissent toutes l'intdrgt des autochtones envers leur patrimoine et prevoient toutes la participation des populations locales a la gestion des ressources archeologiques. Seule la plus ancienne des revendications, soit la Convention definitive des Inuvialuit, signee en 1984, ne comprend aucune disposition du genre. Cette situation sera redressee pour ce qui est des regions que vise l'entente et qui sont appelees a devenir de nouveaux parcs nationaux, comme on peut le constater dans l'entente relative a la creation du parc national Aulavik. La communication compare la faqon dont les differentes ententes traitent l'a£Ermation de l'intergt autochtone, la propriete des echantillons archCologiques ainsi que le rapatriement des restes humains. LEMOINE, Genevikve, Departement de sociologie et d'anthropologie, College Bowdoin LAE DORSET ARCHITECTURE ON LIRZE CORNWALLIS ISW Seance 16,4 mai, 15 h Deux maisons semi-souterraines a passage central du Dorset superieur ont recemment ete mises au jour sur la Petite ?le Cornwallis par les archeologues participant au projet archeologique du centre de l'extreme arctique. Ces maisons fournissent une abondante information sur les techniques de construction et l'organisation des menages. La communication decrit l'architecture des deux habitations et montre comment elles ameliorent notre connaissance de la societe du Dorset superieur. LEONARD, Kevin, Departement d'anthropologie, Universite de Toronto EYE ROOTS OF FOOD PRODUClTONIN THE MARIZZU!ZS Seance 4,2 mai, 14 h 20 Soixante-quinze grarnrnes de tubercules calcines trouves dans un crematorium-ossuaire du XIVe siecle de notre ere, dans le sud-est du Nouveau-Brunswick, ont ete identifib a Apios Americana ou glycine tubereuse. La communication decrit brievement la recuperation des restes et les techniques d'identification. Les benefices economiques et les le~onshorticoles tirees de l'utilisation des tubercules pourraient avoir predispose les peuples du Sylvicole maritime a faire l'experience de fonnes de culture toujours plus complexes et plus risquees mais plus prometteuses. LEONARD, Kevin, Departement d'anthropologie, Universitk de Toronto LAlIlE WOODLAAD PERIOD CERAMCS FROM SKUISm, hEWBRWVSFVCK Communications afEichees, 2 au 4 mai Les fouilles effectuees dans une fosse d'inhumation et de cremation du Sylvicole superieur, dans le sud-est du Nouveau-Brunswick, representaient une occasion unique d'en apprendre davantage sur les arts cQamiques de l'epoque. La reconstitution de six contenants prouve l'utilisation d'une gamme de motifs decoratifs et de tailles plus vaste qu'on ne l'avait cru jusqu'ici. Cet assemblage eclaire d'un jour nouveau le fagonnage, la decoration et l'utilisation de contenants par les peuples autochtones des Maritimes vers la fin de la prehistoire. LEPOFSKY, Dana, Departement d'archbologie, Universite Simon Fraser PALAEOEEYNOBOTANYAhD SITE FORMAITON PROCESSES AT A PITHOUSE ULLAGE ON THE BRIITSH COLWIAPLAm U Seance 4,2 mai, 13 h 40 La source et le contexte des vestiges paleoethnobotaniques sont essentiels a la comprehension de la formation des sites. Or, l'excellent etat de preservation des vestiges botaniques calcines et non calcines des fosses d'habitation du village de Keatley Creek, situe sur le plateau de Colombie- Britannique permettaient justement ce type d'analyse. J'ai etudi6 l'abondance et la distribution des vestiges archeobotaniques dans les gisements des toits, des bords et du sol de trois fosses d'habitation : une grande, une moyenne et une petite. Considerant la source et le contexte des vestiges, j'ai pu reconstituer en detail la formation des gisements. Ces resultats permettent Itinterpretationculturelle des vestiges archeobotaniques mais egalement des autres types de vestiges trouves sur le site. LOGAN, Judith A., Institut canadien de conservation, Patrimoine Canada, Ted D'EON, Societe I historique de Pubnico-Ouest, et Stephen POWELL, Nova Scotia Museum THE ?TEST PUBNICO ABOIIEA U: A COM4ZMTY CONSERnNG ITS HERITAGE Seance 7,3 mai, 11 h 20 En 1990, des habitants de Pubnico-Ouest (Nouvelle-~cosse)remarquerent des morceaux de bois emergeant du sable d'une plage. En 1994, on enleva la mince couche d'herbe, de sol et de gravier qui les recouvrait et on decouvrit alors que les morceaux de bois constituaient l'extremite d'un aboiteau. Dans un endroit aussi expose, les vestiges etaient susceptibles &&re endommages ou detruits par les tempetes et les marees. Pour les proteger, on les recouvrit donc de plastique et on les remit en terre. Des membres de la Societe historique de Pubnico-Ouest communiquerent ensuite avec l'archeologue du bureau local et 1'Institut canadien de conservation. La Societe souhaitait mettre l'aboiteau au jour et le conserver, puis l'exposer dans un musee a Pubnico. . La communication trace la chronologie des mesures prises par la population locale ainsi que par les autorites provinciales et fedkales pour respecter les preoccupations de toutes les parties concernees. II aborde les diikents volets d'un projet touchant a la fois l'archeologie, la conservation et la participation de la population locale. LORING, Stephen, Arctic Studies Center, Smithsonian Institution FOOT-LOOSE AhD FANCY FREE: REFLECTlONS ONMETY YEARS OF VOISEY'S BAY ARCHAEOLOGY Seance 1b, 2 mai, 13 h 40 L'archeologie et l'ethnohistoire de la baie de Voisey sont abordees sous plusieurs angles : a partir des observations et des experiences faites, entre 1903 et 1910, par un intrepide algonquiniste de Boston, William Brooks Cabot; a partir des travaux de recherche archeologique et ethnologique de William Duncan Strong (1927-1928), et a partir des travaux archeologiques de William Fitzhugh et de Stephen Loring (commengant en 1974), finances par la Smithsonian. LORING, Stephen (president), Arctic Studies Center, Smithsonian Institution, Kevin MCALEESE, Newfoundland Museum, Moira MCCABFREY, Musee McCord d'histoire canadienne, et Marianne P. STOPP, Division des ressources historiques, gouvernement de Terre-Neuve et du Labrador PARlNEW FOR WEPAST; ARCHAEOLOGY AND WEFIRST NAi7ONS IN QUEBEC AA?D THE AlZAAWC PRODNCES. PART I. WORKING FWW ~0~ AND EWERS: AN INCLUSNE APPROACH TO 7HE PAST INEASIZ3.N CANADA Seance la, 2 mai, 8 h 30 a 12 h La recherche archeologique se pratique maintenant depuis un siecle dans l'est du Canada. Issue des etudes antiques et ethnologiques de la fin du XIX siecle, elle n'a d'abord attire qu'un petit groupe d'amateurs et d'universitaires jusqu'a la fin des annees 60. Puis, l'expansion des departements d'archeologie des universites et des musees du Canada, combinke a la proM6ration de vastes programmes archCologiques en gestion des ressources culturelles ainsi qu'a la popularite accrue de la discipline aupres du public, l'ont radicalement transformee. Elle a evolue en partie au regard des besoins et des intergts des collectivites autochtones. C'est d'ailleurs en cela qu'elle a le plus progresse dans l'est du Canada. Cette seance propose l'exploration des fondements et des orientations actuelles des liens entre, d'une part, la recherche et la politique archkologiques et, d'autre part, les premieres nations. LUNDRIGAN, Nicole, Departement d'anthropologie, Universite Saint Mary's A COMPUTER-GEmi?W LAB FOR WEINTRODUCIION OF FORENSC ANlHROPOLOGY AT A PRE-COLLEGE LEEL Communications achees, 2 au 4 mai L'ouverture croissante du monde universitaire au domaine de l'anthropologie et de l'archeologie genetiques valent bien que la discipline soit apprise plus precocement. Le logiciel presente ici prend la forme d'un cas fictif de disparition. I1 comprend une serie de leqons et d'exercices portant sur les principes fondamentaux de l'anthropologie et de l'archeologie genetiques. Les etudiants planifient et executent des fouilles de reconnaissance a pied, font un exercice de recuperation en surface et participent a des fouilles sirnulees visant a exhumer plusieurs os humains. Se fondant sur les elements mis en lumiere par le logiciel, ils font ensuite une etude biologique de l'inconnu et l'identifie gr2ce a l'observation des bandes d'ADN. Le logiciel s'accompagne d'un cahier ou l'etudiant peut prendre des notes et dessiier. Il contribue a combler la lacune qui separe actuellement les programmes d'etudes precollegiales et collegiales en plus de presenter, de faqon plaisante et informative, une branche du savoir en pleine expansion. MACDONALD, George, Musee canadien des civilisations THE NORTH COAST PREHISTORY PROJECT: A THIRTY-KUR PERSPECUIZ Seance 24 2 mai, 9 h 10 Le projet d'etude de la prehistoire de la C6te Nord est ne en 1966 du projet de la riviere Skeena arnorce dks aprks la Premiere Guerre mondide par Harlan I. Smith, Diamond Jenness et Marius Barbeau, tous du Musee de l'homme du Canada (maintenant Musee canadien des civilisations). Le programme de fouilles, axe sur le port de Prince-Rupert, a ete conqu pour donner une profondeur temporelle au leve ethnohistorique incroyablement riche compile jusque-la. Une gamme de sites villageois, petits et grands, de campements saisonniers lies a l'approvisionnement en ressources et de sites tres fortifies ont ete echantillonnes, donnant lieu a l'etablissement d'une chronologie couvrant six rnillenaires. L'un des principaux objectifs du ' programme etait de documenter l'evolution d'un mode de peuplement distinctif et des dements architecturaux des collectivites de la periode de contacts avec les Europeens. Le programme visait egalement a documenter l'evolution d'une culture materielle distinctive, particulierement fondee sur le bois et des materiaux perissables. Il avait aussi pour but de documenter l'histoire anthropologique materielle du port et, surtout, de detecter la presence de populations intmses que la legende situe a une epoque ou une autre au cours des cinq derniers millenaires. ' MACKIE, Alexander, British Columbia Heritage Branch, et Ian SUMPTER, Patrimoine canadien, Victoria SHORELINE INVENTORY IN GWNI HAANAS: JX~RATNGFROM THE RESULTS Seance 10,3 mai, 14 h 20 Un programme quinquennal a permis de dresser un inventaire littoral de Gwaii Haanas, dans le sud de l'archipel Haida Gwaii. Plus de 400 sites ont ete reperks le long d'une bande littorale de plus de 1500 kilometres de long. L'evaluation des rksultats est en cours, Elle porte sur : l'efficacite des leves, l'adoption de methodes nouvelles a mesure de l'amelioration des connaissances, la modification des objectifs de la recherche et la repartition temporelle et geographique des sites. Nous explorons en outre les possibilites qu'ofiaient ces donnees reunies en un inventaire cartographique numerise des ressources naturelles et des elements qui seront decouverts dans l'avenir. MACLEAN, Laurie, Burnside Heritage Foundation L.ITHIC MAmALPREFERENCES AMONG BONA WSTA BAY BEOTHUS Seance 11,4 mai, 10 h Des archeologues ont identifie les matieres premieres et les formes d'outils considerees comrne typiques de la technique lithique des Beothuks. Des fouilles effectuees recemment sur un vaste site d'habitation et dans une carriere de rhyolite toute proche, dans la baie de Bonavista (Terre- Neuve) permettent de mieux comprendre les variantes regionales de ces attributs generaux. Cette perspective pourrait Etre utile a la datation des occupations, a l'evaluation des diikrentes densites de repartition, sur une longue distance, de materiaux considkres comeprecieux, ainsi qu'a l'evaluation de l'iduence europdenne sur la vie des Bkothuks. MAGNE, Martin, Patrimoine canadien, Calgary MCROBLADE lECHNOLOGY IN GWHI HMAS Seance 10,3 mai, 15 h 40 Les fouilles effectuees en 1995 sur le site de lye Richardson (1 127T) ont lime un echantillon substantiel de lamelles qui perrnet une analyse technique plus poussee que jamais sur les micronucleus. Cette presentation decrit les lamelles de lye Richardson et compare 1'6chantillon a ceux qui ont et6 preleves sur d'autres sites du nord de la c6te nord. MARSDEN, Susan, Museum of Northern British Columbia, Prince-Rupert DEFEhDING THE MOUlZ OF THE SKEENA: PERTPECl7VES ON TSIMSHIIAN-?ZINGIT RELA UONS Seance 2b, 2 mai, 14 h La communication explore la co'incidence possible entre la tradition orale (adaawxlada'ol) des Tsimshians et des Tlingits d'une part et les conclusions de la recherche archeologique effectuee sur la c6te nord-ouest, d'autre part. En particulier, les evenements essentiels de l'histoire commune des Tsimshians et des Tlingits sont etudies a la lurnikre des travaux archeologiques faits sur la riviere Skeena et au port de Prince-Rupert. Nous abordons enfin les etudes paleobotaniques et geologiques faites recemment dans la region. L'expose comprend le r6le possible de la tradition orale dans les travaux archeologiques et la necessite de soumettre la revue et l'interpretation de cette tradition a une etude rigoureuse. MARTELLE HAYTER, Holly, Departement d'anthropologie, Universite de Toronto COiMWh'UCAUNG FEMINIST CONCERhrS; HURONPOTEIU IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL . CONSTUUCTS Seance 12,4 mai, 9 h 20 . Au cours des vingt dernieres annkes, les etudes archeologiques sur les ceramiques se sont beaucoup diveriifiees et sont devenues plus complexes a la faveur de Yelaboration de nouvelles theories et de nouvelles methodes. Dans les travaux relatifs aux ceramiques des Hurons, cependant, il n'a pas etC tenu compte, en genQal, de.ces nouvelles theories et methodes, et on continue d'employer les concepts de l'interpretation et les concepts typologiques des decennies precedentes. L'examen de la question du statut social des hornrnes et des femmes considere comme une force structurante agissant a la fois sur les activites quotidiennes des peuples hurons d'autrefois et sur les questions et conclusions des chercheurs qui se sont penches sur ces activitks, a permis de decouvrir que les pots fabriques par les femmes ont ete traites plus ou moins cornme des outils-archeologiques plutdt que come des objets materiels de systemes fonctionnels, technologiques, sociaux et symboliques. Des recits ed5ants qu'ont perrnis de trouver des recherches ethnographiques effectuees dans le sud-ouest amkicain, en Mqueet en Meso- Amerique, laissent a penser que l'utilisation continue de concepts bases sur l'etude des ceramiques (le ((syndrome de l'epouse captive( MATHIAS, Cathy et Ellen FOULKES, Section d'archeologie, UniversitC Memorial de Terre- Neuve BEHIAD WESCmS: CONSERVAlTON SUPPORT FOR HISTORK ARCHAEOLOGY Seance 9,3 mai, 16 h Si tous les materiaux trouves sur les sites historiques etaient semblables a ceux qu'illustrent des ouvrages comeHere Lies Virginia et Artifacts of Colonial America (sign& Ivor Noel Hume), les conservateurs specialistes de l'archeologie seraient au septieme ciel, quoique chdmeurs pour la plupart. Sur le site de Ferryland, par exemple, on peut die de fa~ongenerale que pour chaque objet ((corrects, il faut en soumettre 5000 a un traitement de preservation. Parmi ces Bements, on trouve des graines, des feuilles, des fiagments d'os, de textile et de corde, des plombs, des ongles, des fiagments de feuilles de cuivre, des tessons de cQamique et de verre, pour n'en nommer que quelques-uns. Malheureusement, ces petites trouvailles ne reqoivent pas toute l'attention qu'elles meritent. Si peu photogeniques qu'elles soient, elles n'en fournissent pas moins les donnkes brutes sur lesquelles les archeologues fondent une part importante de leur interpretation. Grace aux progres techniques continus dans des domaines comela methode isotopique d'analyse geochimique, ces fiagrnents gourraient un jour etre la clC de l'interpretation de l'environnement des peuples du passC. Le but de la presentation est de montrer ce qui se passe en coulisse, de provoquer suggestions, comprehension et appreciation. La majeure partie du travail, en effet, est accomplie par des gens qui ne sont pas des conservateurs, souvent par ces gens memes dont nous faisons connaitre le patrimoine. MCALEESE, Kevin, Newfoundland Museum IdCr-I4 ROSE ISUND: IHE REIiVE-NT OF BVRlALS AND ASSOCIAED ARTIFACTS Seance la, 2 mai, 9 h 20 En aotit 1995, le mobilier fineraire et les restes humains exhumes du site IdCr-14, au nord du Labrador, ont kt6 remis en terre a la demande de la Labrador Inuit Association. Auparavant, cet assemblage de la fin de la civilisation de Thulk et du debut de l'histoire inuit, mis au jour au debut des annees 70 pour une these de doctorat, avait ete soumis a dSerentes analyses. Des objets d'importance ont egalement kt6 moules et catalogues pour les besoins de la recherche, de presentations en musee et de formation. La communication resume les analyses, les methodes de moulage et le processus de re-inhumation, ce dernier ayant et6 assure par l'auteur, deux anciens de la nation inuit et une equipe de terrain. La presentation se terrnine par des recommandations sur le traitement des collections remises en terre par les musees et les peuples autochtones. MCC-Y, Moira, Musee McCord d'histoire canadienne BUDING COMMONGROUhD :ANARCHAEOLOGICAL SURWY OFMICHIUiWITS LAKE, NORTH-CENlX4.L LABRADOR Seance la, 2 mai, 10 h 40 Le lac Michikamau (Labrador) etait une importante aire de chasse et une voie de communication majeure que les Innu connaissaient depuis toujours. Quand on a menage le reservoir Smallwood, ce lac est devenu un veritable ocean, et toutes les traces de l'occupation du lieu par les Innu ont ett effacees. A la demande de la nation innu, on a effectue une prospection archkologique l'etk dernier le long des rives du lac Michikarnats, dans la partie la plus septentrionale du reservoir (une zone ou l'eau est maintenant au niveau qu'elle atteignait avant l'inondation provoquee par l'homme). A l'auteure et a Stephen Loring (ce dernier travaille au Smithsonian Institution) se sont joints Daniel Ashini, negociateur en chef pour la nation innu, Dominic Pokue (originaire de Davis Inlet) et l'anthropologue Peter Armitage. L'equipe a localis6 des sites datant de l'epoque preckdant l'arrivee des Europeens ainsi que des sites historiques; elle s'est penchee sur de nombreuses questions relatives a la collaboration future des autochtones et des archeologues. MCEACBEN, Paul, Section d'archeologie, Universite Memorial de Terre-Neuve THE MEADO WOOD EARLY WOODLANDMANIFESTAl7ON IN THE MARllTiMTS Seance 7,3 mai, 8 h 40 C'est pendant la periode allant du Sylvicole inferieur a l'apparition de la ceramique dans les Maritimes que sont apparues deux manifestations culturelles intruses appelees Meadowood et Middlesex. La presentation est axtie sur la premike manifestation de la culture de Meadowood (3000 a 2400 BP). Elle aborde brievement les modes de peuplement et de subsistance de la culture de Meadowood ainsi que la culture materielle correspondante. Si les materiaux du Meadowood maritime sont similaires A ceux qui ont et6 trouves dans la region centrale des Grands Lacs, la majorite des objets, par contre, sont fabriques a partir des matieres prerni6res locales plut6t qu'avec un chert dlOnondaga. Ce qui rend toutefois les chercheurs perplexes, c'est la faqon dont la culture du Meadowood a pu se transmettre aussi loin a l'est. Aussi la presentation propose-t-elle certains modeles de transmission des traits de cette culture. MCGHEE, Robert, Musee canadien des civilisations THE EKYEN PROJECT: ARCHAEOLOGY AT BERING SMT Seance 16,4 mai, 14 h 40 Le cimetiere d'Ekven, sur la cbte de Chukotka (mer de Bering), est l'objet de fouilles minutieuses depuis les dernieres decennies. Le site a livre un important mobilier funeraire associe a la culture beringienne ancienne et a la culture de Punuk (2500 a 1000 BP environ). En 1995, des archeologues russes, europeens et canadiens ont entrepris des fouilles sur le site d'habitation connexe. La communication presente des donnees prelirninaires sur la duree de l'occupation, le developpement de la chasse a la baleine et 1'~volutionde l'economie locale avec le temps. Les reactions des groupes autochtones Chukotkan et des organismes gouvernementaux russes a ces travaux sont egalement abordes. MCGOVERN, Thomas, Hunter College, CUNY, Paul BUCKLAND,Universite de Sheffield, Jon SADLER, Universite de Birmingham, Lisa BARLOW, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research et Astrid OGJLVE, INSTAAR TIU DEATH TAKES US OR lFIE WORLD END :MODELLING THE LAST DAYS OF THE NORSE K?2SilBNSETEEMENT IN GREEW Seance 6,3 mai, 10 h 40 La disparition de la colonie noroise du Greenland a longtemps ete un mystere classique de l'archeologie du Nord. Au cours du dernier siecle, de nombreux travaux archeologiques et historiques ont permis d'daborer des explications et des scenarios tres divers concernant la fin des colonies des Scandiaves. Les fouilles effectuees depuis 1903 dans ce qui etait probablement une commune de la plus petite colonie occidentale (dans ce qui est aujourd'hui le district de Nuuk) ont permis de determiner des configurations de depbts d'os d'animaux et d'insectes ainsi que des effondrements de structures qui laissent a penser que les lieux ont kte abandonnes brusquement au milieu du XIV" siecle. Les documents doment a penser, dans l'ensemble, qu'il s'est produit une crise des moyens de subsistance a la hd'un hiver ou au debut d'un printemps; cette crise aurait peut-gtre ete provoquee par une serie d'etes froids dont l'existence est demontree par des releves climatiques indirects effectues griice au noyau de glace GISP2. Cette communication fait le point sur la question de l'abandon defhitif des colonies noroises; elle presente aussi un modele de simulation relatif a l'effondrement des moyens de subsistance. MCSPORRAN, Joanne, Victoria (C.-B.), et Tina CHRISTENSEN, Millennia Consulting AFTER THE FLOOD: PALAEOSHORliUAESAh.2)ARCHAEOLOGY Seance 10,3 mai, 14 h 40 A Gwaii Haanas, le niveau de la mer s'est deve de 150 metres sous le niveau actuel a 15 metres au-dessus, entre 11 000 et 9000 BP. I1 est reste BevC pendant 4000 ans et n'a pas cessk de redescendre progressivement depuis. La ligne de rivage associee au haut niveau est maintenant cachke dans une for6t dense. En 1995, des cartes tres detaillees ont ete produites, a partir de modkles de hauteur, & d'axer les leves sur des zones sdectionnees, a l'interieur des terres. La methode a permis de reperer quatorze sites archkologiques de 1Holocene inf6rieur auparavant inconnus. MILLS, Stephen, Patrirnoine canadien, Cornwall SODSAND RINDS TO COER YOUU HOUSE, CAKE AND SMOKES FOR SUPPER: AN EX4MPLE OF I7lljl-CENTURY ENGLISH EW%ACULARARCHITECXRE FROM mmomm Seance 9,3 mai, 14 h 20 A l'ete 1994, une maison appartenant a un pscheur de l'ouest de 1'Angleterre du XVIIc siecle a 6te rnise au jour, dans la ville de Renews, a Terre-Neuve. 11 s'agit d'une maison simple a piece unique, construite avec des mateiaux locaux et probablement inhabitee pendant le troisieme quart du XVIIQiecle. Bon nombre d'dements architecturaux ont kt6 preserves sous l'effondrement. Ces decouvertes donnent un aperqu rare et tres utile de l'ingeniosite de ceux qui ont construit la maison, en plus d'eclairer les conditions de vie de ses occupants. MORRIS, Christopher, Departement d'anthropologie, Universitk Glasgow THE WACTOF THE NORSE ON WENATIFZ PICTS IN ORKhEY-SI%E?UAD, NORlljlERN SCOWD Seance 6,3 mai, 9 h 20 Au cours des deux dernieres decennies, les archeologues ont ete fort actifs dans les lles Orcades et Shetland, au nord de l!$lcosse. Ces tles etaient connues pour leur association avec les Vikings, en particulier avec les comtes norois des Orcades: On ne s'attendait pas du tout a ce que les activites des archeologues generent autant de matkriaux sur les c MORRISSY, Paul, Departement d'anthropologie, Universite St. Thomas, David KEENLYSIDE, Musee canadien des civilisations, et Christopher TURNBULL, Services archeologiques, Nouveau-Brunswick A MALISEETMCMAC HERTTAGE SAMPLER Seance 7,3 mai, 10 h MLTIR, Jeffrey, Departement d'anthropologie, Universite Trent FA WALFINDINGS AT THE PRAJTNG ikMNlTS SITE @mi--I78) Seance 8% 3 mai, 9 h 20 Le site de Praying Mantis est un village de 1'Iroquoien ancien situe a London. 11 a ete fouille en entier et a livre un vaste echantillon de vestiges fauniques qui ont ete analyds. L'analyse a donne lieu a une tentative de modelisation relative au mode d'utilisation et au rejet des restes d'animaux a cet endroit. Toutefois, le modele resultant est limit6 par les dacultes de preservation du site et les methodes de fouille employees. Quoi qu'il en soit, la communication expose le modele en question et decrit son utilite possible pour la modelisation de l'utilisation et de l'eimination des ressources fauniques sur d'autres sites iroquoiens. MURRAY, Maribeth S., Departement d'anthropologie, Universite McMaster MY HARPOON; YOUR CO-OPERATTON; OUR WALRUS: A SOCIO-ECONOMTC FTEW OF P~OES~OPREHSTORY Seance 16,4 mai, 16 h . Les travaux de recherche menis recernment dans les collections du Paleoesquimaud provenant du bassin Foxe, dans l'est de 1'Arctique canadien, montrent une importante evolution de l'economie et de l'organisation sociale entre le Predorsetien et le Dorsetien. Des analyses des donnees sur l'economie et l'equipement de chasse suggkent un lien entre l'intensification de la chasse aux gros mderes, l'avenement de la chasse cooperative et la restructuration des methodes de subsistance. Elles permettent en outre de croire a l'emergence du droit de propriete, qui a sans doute accru la complexite sociale et donne lieu a la formation de groupes regionaux distinctifs. MURRAY, Maribeth S., Lisa RANKlN et Peter RAMSDEN, Departement d'anthropologie, Universite McMaster THE CUmNGEDGE: NEWAPPROACHES TO SEClTOMNG FOR SEASONALITY Seance 8% 3 mai, 9 h 40 Les dents de mammif"eres recueillies sur des sites archeologiques servent depuis plusieurs decennies a determiner le caractere saisonnier des sites. La ,communication compare les methodes habituelles d'analyse en coupe de dents aux mesures obtenues par retrodfision au microscope dectronique a balayage pour diverses especes. Les analyses ont port6 sur des echantillons de sites archCologiques de la prehistoire situis dans le sud de llOntario et dans l'est de 1'Arctique. La methode du microscope a balayage dectronique est plus efficace et moins subjective que les techniques habituelles d'analyse sur tranches minces. NAGY, Murielle, Groupe d'etudes inuit et circumpolaires, Universitk Lava1 P~OES~OSEAL HVNiTNG SZWlZGIES INNULWK (NUNAUK, NORTHERN Q&BEC) Seance 8b, 3 mai, 14 h Trois.assemblages fauniques ont ete analyses pour comparer les modes de subsistance des peuples qui vivaient dans la region d'Ivujivik pendant les pkriodes paleoesquimaudes. Les resultats indiquent la similarite des methodes de chasse aux petits phoques juveniles pendant la transition du Predorsetien au Dorsetien et l'exploitation accrue de phoques adolescents pendant le Dorsetien. La predominance de chaque groupe d'ige est certainement fonction de la saison d'occupation. Les juveniles etaient probablement des proies faciles au printemps et au debut de l'ete, t'andis que les phoques adolescents se faisaient plus nombreux en juin et en hiver. La distribution des pourcentages de MAU donne a croire que les petits phoques etaient rapportes tout entiers aux camps, en toute saison. Finalement, l'existence de caches, tant sur les sites du debut de la transition que sur les sites du Dorsetien indiquent l'accumulation de reserves de nourriture pendant les mois les plus chauds pour consommation durant les mois d'hiver, plus fioids. NEEDS-HOWARTH, Suzanne, Institut de biologie et d'archeologie, Universitk de Grmingen, Pays-Bas, et John M. CASSELMAN, Glenora Fisheries Station, ministke des Richesses naturelles de l'ontario ASSESSING AGE AhD GROWTH IN FISH: ARCHAEOLOGICAL APPUCQBILVY OF . FISHERIES ~~ODS Seance 8% 3 mai, 10 h La communication marque une etape d'un programme de recherche permanente sur la peche de subsistance sur plusieurs sites iroquoiens recents, prks de la baie Kempenfet (lac Simcoe). L'objectif est de determiner quand, ou et comment les occupants des sites pechaient, de meme que la relation entre cette activite et d'autres activites de subsistance. La communication explique une technique recemment mise au point pour decrire et interpreter l'iige et la croissance de structures calcifiees. Elle examine les possibilites et les limites de l'application de la methode aux vestiges de poissons archeologiques. Enfin, elle montre comment la methode peut etre appliquee aux ecailles et aux epines pectorales de poissons trouves sur les sites de Carson et Dunsmore. Dans certaines circonstances, l'etude de l'iige et de la croissance permet aux archeologues d'etablir la saison de la mort avec une certaine precision et leur evite de spkculer sur la date possible de la peche. Combine aux donnees sur l'abondance relative et sur la cooccurrence de taxons au sein des dements, ce type d'analyse perqet de repertorier les eventuelles differences - a l'interieur d'un site et entre sites - dans les modes d'exploitation des ressources ichtyologiques. MCHOLLS, Lesley, Departement d'archeologie, Universite de Calgary ATELIER :APPLITNG FOR GRADUAlE SCHOOL Seance 14,4 mai, 9 h - 12 h Cet atelier est destine aux ktudiants qui songent a s'inscrire dans une Ccole d'etudes superieures d'ici deux ou trois ans. Les participants recevront des informations qui les aideront a choisir leur ecole, a obtenir des lettres de reference et a determiner ce que recherchent les ecoles d'apres les informations retpes. Lesley Nicholls occupe un poste d'adjointe administrative au departement d'archeologie de 1Wniversite de Calgary; depuis de nombreuses annees, elle s'occupe des demandes d'iscription des etudiants a des programmes de deuxieme cycle et de troisieme cycle. Elle sera accompagnee de membres d'autres universites qui ofient des programmes d'etudes superieures; ces personnes aideront elles aussi les participants a se preparer a s'inscrire dans une ecole d'etudes superieures. NICHOLSON, B.A., Departement d'etudes autochtones, University Brandon, et Scott HAMILTON, Departement d'anthropologie, Universite Lakehead SEASONALIlYAhD SUBSISTENCE ATMAKOTCHI-DED DONTIPI (THE PLACE WHEKE TKT Lm):A WCKERS FOCUS LOCALE IN SO~SlERN~TOBA Seance 12,4 mai, 10 h 40 Les travaux effectues depuis deux ans sur le site de Makotchi-Ded Dontipi, dans le sud-ouest du Manitoba, ont prouve la succession de nombreuses occupations au sein d'un petit ecotone a l'extrkmite sud-ouest des dunes Lauder, recouvrant l'aquifere d'oaklake. Les travaux preliminaires de reconstitution paleoenvironnementale indiquent que, a l'epoque de la culture Vickers, aux environs de 1400 a 1600 de notre ere, cette region etait constituee d'une prairie-parc et de marais isoles au sein d'une prairie d'herbe moyenne. Les peuples Vickers arrives aux environs de l'an 1400 de notre ere s'etablirent sur les vestiges d'une occupation Blackduck de plus petite taille, creant, sur une superficie plus grande, de vastes villages saisonniers. Les vestiges fauniques indiquent que le site de Jackson etait un village d'hiver et que le site Bradshaw, a proximite, pourrait avoir et6 occupe pendant l'ete. La superficie substantielle des sites est indicatrice d'une economie productrice de surplus et d'un systeme social plus complexe que celui des Blackduck qui les ont precedes. La communication decrit egalement la fonction et la saisonnalite d'autres sites des environs associes a la culture Vickers. NEILSEN, Erik, ministere de lanergie et des Mines du Manitoba, et K.D. MCLEOD, ministere de la Culture, du Patrimoine et des Maires civiques du Manitoba DENDROCHRONOLOGICAL DATING OF HISTOlUC SmUCTURES IN.SOUi'T3ER.N WTOBA:WLICATIONS FOR ARCHAEOLOGY IN CANADA Seance 12,4 mai, 11 h La datation au moyen des arineaux de croissance des arbres, ou dendrochronologie, n'est pas tellement utilisee au Canada, pour situer les materiaux archeologiques dans le temps. Toutefois, les chronologies recemment etablies a l'aide du chhe a gros hits (Quercus macrocarpa) et du pin rouge (Pims resinosa) du sud du Manitoba ont permis de dater de nombreux biitiments et structures du XIX" sibcle, dans la region de Winnipeg. On a d&erminC la date de coupe des rondiis utilises comepiliers du moulin a farine de la Fourche.de meme que dans la construction de plusieurs biitiments du milieu du XIX" siecle, des latrines d'Upper Fort Garry et de dew cercueils trouves dans l'eglise St. Andrews. Les dates obtenues en mesurant la largeur des anneaux de croissance des rondiis employes ont ete comparees avec succes aux mesures obtenues sur des arbres dont la date de coupe etait connue, ce qui montre la fiabilite de la technique. NOBLE, William C., Departement d'anthropologie, Universite McMaster LIEUT. -COLONEL GEORGE E. MDLAW (1860-1926): EARLY ARCHAEOLOGIST BALSAM LAKE, nCTORIA COW,ONT'ARIO Seance 3,2 mai, 10 h 40 George Edward Laidlaw (1 860-1926) fit un archeologue autodidacte d'une intelligence remarquable. 11 consacra 40 annees de sa vie a documenter les cultures autochtones archeologique et ethnographique du centre-sud de l'ontario, au Canada. N6 a Toronto, il eut trois carrieres, la premike etant celle des armes. Dipl8me du College militaire royal de Kingston, George participa a la rkpression de let r4beIIion du Nord-Ouest, a Batoche, en 1885, au cows de Iaquelte il fit @&vemtnt blesse. A l'gge de 40 anq en 1900-190 1, il servit et se distingua en Afiique du Sud, au sein du r6ghent a cheval de lord Strathcona. Demobilise, il s'employa a 1'6levage de betail sur le ranch familial (Fort Ranch) de 4900 acres situe sur la rive nord-ouest du lac Balsam, comte de Victoria, dans le centre-sud de I'Ontario. Des son jeune ige, George rnit beaucoup d'hergie a ses etudes anthropologiques. Des annees 1870 aux annees 1920, il fouilla et documents plus de 50 sites archeologiques d'importance dans le comte de Victoria, y compris les principaux villages de la fh de la prehistoire et de la protohistoire de Hardrock, Benson, Corson et Clarke-Foster. Ses ouvrages parurent sur la scene internationale et ses cinq publications sur les pipes autochtones (1903- 1916), publiees dans les An& ArchaeologicaI Reportsfor Ontario representent la premiQe taxonornie de ces objets pour l'ontario. Ses nombreux projets lui firent connaitre des personnalites canadiennes come David Boyle, John MacLean, Andrew F. Hunter, William J. Wintemberg et Rowland B. Orr. Le cccolonel)) consigna et publia (1 9 14- 1927) en outre 5 12 courts rkcits ojibwas (mythes et histoires) obtenus principalement d'anciens de la reserve locale de Rarna (Orillia) avec lesquels il eut des relations empreintes d'un grand respect mutuel. Les publications et autres contributions civiques de George E. Laidlaw ont un rayonnement qui s'etend bien au-dela des rives du lac Balsam. Elles ont contribue a donner ses lettres de noblesse a la discipline naissante qu'etait l'archeologie au Canada et ont tres certainement aide a promouvoir le service de recherche de developpement du Musee provincial (maintenant Musee royal de ltOntario) crke par David Boyle. 11 fbt egalement l'un des fondateurs de I'Ontario Archaeological Association, mise sur pied a Toronto en 1918. Le colonel publia jusqu'a sa mort, qui survint le 15 janvier 1926, a la Fort Big House. Andrew F. Hunter (1863 - 1940), son contemporain et homologue pour le comte de Simcoe fit remarquer avec justesse, en 1927, que la place occupee par le colonel dans la recherche archeologique en Ontario etait dacile a combler, tant son oeuvre etait precieuse. OWEN, J. Victor, Departement de geologic, Universite Saint Mary's QUANiTFICAllON OF EARLY WORCESER PORCELAIN RECIPES AND THE DISTINCUON BETWEEN DR WU-AND EZIGHT-PERTIOD WARES Seance 5,2 mai, 15 h 40 La porcelaine du debut (avant 1760) et du milieu (1760-1774) de la periode Wall est pauvre en Al,O,K,O mais enrichie en MgO, CaO, N%O et, dans une moindre mesure, en PbO, par comparaison avec la porcelaine de Worcester de la periode Flight (1783-1793). Ces differences de composition refletent les variations seculaires dans la composition des porcelaines de Worcester et se traduisent, tout au moins en partie dans les specimens Flight, par la presence d'une phase potassique, apparemment un feldspath alcalin (sanidine desordonnee) haute temperature. Les deux types contiennent des silices polyrnorphes haute et basse temperatures ainsi qu'une pge vitreuse variable, contenant du plomb, du magnesium et de l'aluminium, interpretee comeune fritte de verre fondue contenant des cristallites a enstatitetcorindon (?). La composition des porcelaines Wall integrait une plus forte proportion de talc (env. 36- 43 p. 100 du poids) et une proportion plus faible d'argile kaolinique (7-10 p. 100) que les Flight (talc 24 p. 100 env.; argile 17 p. 100 env.). Les proportions calculees de f3tte et de quartz varient en fonction de la teneur en PbO presumee de la fritte utilisee, mais la quantite de fitte riche en plomb des porcelaines de Worcester a diminue avec le temps. Les porcelaines Wall ne posant pas de probleme de tamisage ni de faienqage, on peut donc probablement attribuer les changements de composition apportes au cours des siecles a des preoccupations esthetiques plut6t qu'a des motifs techniques. Si l'on admet que les tessons mis au jour sont representatifs de la production de Worcester, la composition des ouvrages Flight en alumine et en potasse ainsi que la presence apparente de sanidine permettent de distinguer ces poteries des porcelaines Wall. Les donnees analytiques du genre de celles que rapporte la communication pourraient donc preciser le lien entre les poteries Bristol et les premiers produits de la manufacture de Worcester. PARNELL, Gilbert, Reserve du parc national de Gwaii Haanas ORAL HISTORY AND EMROMTALCHANGE IN HAIDA GWMI Seance 10,3 mai, 14 h Les histoires haidas relatent des evenements d'un passe lointain qui se comparent assez bien avec les temoignages dits ccscientifiques,,. Elles font allusion a une epoque oh la terre devint tres fioide, a celle oh la terre se couvrit d'herbe, a l'apparition des arbres, au temps oh les gens traverdrent ce qui est maintenant l'ocean, a des inondations, au retrait des eaux. Elles parlent du mode de vie des Hai'das, avant les clans. Les repQes temporels des Hdidas sont des evenements plut6t que les annees de la science moderne. Mais ces histoires (hdidas et ((scientZques,))permettent toutes de mieux comprendre notre patrimoine nature1 et culturel. PASTORE, Ralph T., Section d'archeologie, Universite Memorial de Terre-Neuve BEOTHlKMICROPOINTS -ARE THEY CHILDRENS TOYS? Seance 1 1,4 mai, 10 h 40 Comparant la largeur et l'execution du pedoncule de pointes de projectiles, Bob Daw, du Provincial Museum of Alberta, avance que certaines des pointes tres petites et ma1 faqonnkes trouvees sur les sites des Prairies qui remontent a la fh de la prkhistoire seraient en realite des jouets d'enfants. Suivant les criteres determines par Daw, l'auteur a trouve un certain nombre de specimens sirnilaires dans les assemblages historiques de sites beothuks. La communication suggere que, outre les diierentes pointes de projectiles en metal produites cokeoutils pour les adultes, les Beothuks de l'histoire ont egalement faqonne de petites pointes en metal comejouets d'enfant s. PATTON, Katherine, Departement d'anthropologie, Universite McGill lHE SYMBOLIC DliWZNSTOS OF ARCHIlECTCRAL WALEBOh?E IN THULE SEMT- smmmDrnINGS Seance 16,4 mai, 15 h 40 Les habitations semi-soutemaines des Thuleens figurent parmi les dements les plus remarquables du paysage arctique. Elles sont generalement etudiees sous l'angle des techniques de construction et sous celui de la structure sociale, la dimension symbolique ayant ete un peu negligee. Tous les ossements de baleine visibles integres a l'architecture dans les vingt-six habitations semi- souterraines du sud de 1Be Somerset ont donc ete cartographies pour faciliter la determination des modes d'utilisation de ces dements. La dimension symbolique de l'emploi des os de baleines a pu Ctre etablie dans le contexte de sources etknogaphiques et ordes da l'histoire du nord de I'iUaska. PAVLISH, Larry A., Isotrace Laboratory & Archaeometry Laboratory, Universite de Toronto, Graham WILSON, Isotrace Laboratory, Universite de Toronto, Gang-Jian DING, Isotrace Laboratory, Universitk de Toronto, et Ron FARQUHAR, Archaeometry Laboratory & Department of Physics (Geophysics), Universite de Toronto. TlZTUUL AID IN-SITUANALYlTCAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE PROVENANCE OF SmEDAArD NATMZ ARCHMOLOGICAL COPPER IN THE GREAT LAKES REGION OF EASERN NORlH AMERlCA Seance 5,2 mai, 16 h 20 L'analyse sur place (fg-mg, sl rnm) par SMA avec faisceau d'ions Cs' a courant eleve perrnet de caracteriser de petits cristaux et fragments d'echantillons rares ou precieux, dont de petits fragments metalliques (cuivre ou laiton) prdeves sur des objets archeologiques en metal en des endroits qui ne portent pas a condquence. Des Cchantillons preleves 6 l'occasion d'un projet pour les besoins duquel l'activation neutronique de portions aliquotes de 200 milligrammes est la methode d'analyse de masse standard (Hancock et al, 1991) ont ete reexamines au moyen des techniques de la rnicroanalyse par sonde Bectronique dispersive en longueur d'onde (10 dements) et de la SMA. Les Bclats de metal ont ete rassembles sous deux formes d'echantillons polis : 1) de minces sections de vingt eclats de 2 a 5 mm, convenant egalement a l'analyse metallographique et a la sonde Bectronique; et 2) des ensembles de douze eclats et etalons presentes en montures circulaires epaisses, convenant a la SMA de metaux precieux (Wilson et al, 1994). Les echantillons etaient composes d'objets mktalliques trouves dans la region des Grands Lacs, surtout en Ontario et au Minnesota, et de cuivre natif (specimens mineraux) provenant de la pkninsule Keweenaw, dans le nord du Michigan. La datation par SMA au carbone 14 (Beukens et al, 1992) montre que certaines des pointes de projectiles remontent jusqu'i 7000 BP. L'examen de onze dements en cuivre a suggere une methode visuelle rapide pour distinguer les elements en cuivre natif des objets de cuivre fondu (objets d'echange ou chaudrons) irnportes d'Europe (Pavlish et autres, 1995). Les cinq echantillons de cuivre natif etaient homogenes et exempts d'inclusion, a l'oeil, tandis que les six echantillons de cuivre fondu contenaient un nombre eleve mais variable de bulles de cuprite spheroedrique (Cu20), generalement de 1 a 10 fin de diarnetre, revelant la separation incomplete des scories oxydees et du cuivre. Une etude ulterieure d'eclats d'environ 68 mrn provenant d'autres objets a revel6 des caracteistiques similaires. Les quantites minimales detectables de la rnicroanalyse par sonde Bectronique etaient de 200 a 1000 ppm, ce qui est tres supkrieur aux valeurs en ppb (PGE, Au) et en ppm (Au, Ag) etablies par la SMA. Les donnees obtenues sont donc complementaires, mais non diiectement comparables. Les rksultats de la microanalyse par sonde electronique sont particulierement utiles au typage microchimique (Zn, Sn, As) des objets d'echange en laiton associes. La ((source))des sortes de cuivre a ete co~~e par les donnees PGE-Au-Ag obtenues par la SMA pratiquee sur neuf echantillons. La teneur en argent (qPt) et la teneur en or du cuivre fondu sont respectivement plus grande et beaucoup plus grande que les teneurs trouvees dans le cuivre natif. Ces conclusions sont semblables a celles que l'on obtient a partir des donnees de l'activation neutronique, ce qui montre qu'une sene d'elements traces (Au, Ag, Sb, As) permet de distinguer les types de cuivre avec justesse. Rkferences BEUKENS, R.P., L.A. PAVLISH, R.G.V. HANCOCK, R.M. FARQUHAR, G.C. WILSON, P. JULIG et W. ROSS. ((Radiocarbondating of copper archaeological artifacts*, Radiocarbon, vol. 14, 1992, p. 890-897. HANCOCK, R.G.V., L.A. PAVLISH, R.M. FARQUHAR, R. SALLOUM, W.A. FOX et G.C. WILSON. ( En 1984, un decret du gouvernement federal inscrivait les Micmacs de Come River (Terre- Neuve) en vertu de la Loi sur les Indiens, et crkait la bande de Miawpukek. Cette forme de reconnaissance etait l'aboutissement d'une lutte de vingt ans devant les tribunaux; dans les medias et dans la conscience collective de la province. La communication examine les r6les joues par les conseillers, les universitaires et les avocats dans cette bataille et dans d'autres visant a afhner les droits des autochtones. PERLEY,Karen, Premiere nation de Tobique A MALISEET PEBSPEClTJE ON SOME ARCHAEOLOGICAL ISSUES Seance la, 2 mai, 9 h 40 L'archeologie est considkree comme une science. C'en est une, rnais elle a aussi un aspect spirituel. .Cette communication porte sur le lien spirituel qui existe entre les ancttres de la premike nation de Tobeaque et les sites et objets qui ont kt6 laisses derriere eux. mON, Jean-Luc, Mus& cmadien des civilisations SURLESPISESDELA DEC~~EAUXE~O~SDUNORD-O~STDU CANADA Charnbre des expositions, 2-4 mai Le Musee canadien des civilisations se propose d'ofEir aux visiteurs de son site WWW (www.cmcc.muse.digital.ca),dans un proche avenir, une gamme d'unites riches et hautement detaillee. Cette presentation diun < A Fete 1995, des fouilles de sauvetage ont ete menies par le Avataq Cultural Insfitute sur le site IcGm-5, pres du village d'Inukjuak. Un lev6 preliminaire de 1985 associait le site a la culture dorsetienne. Or, les fouilles ont restreint cette afliliation au milieu de la periode. La datation au radiocarbone (160W75 et 152W80, dates non comgees) conlirme cette aflliation. La principale particularite du site IcGm-5 est la predominance d'un materiau local, la siltite, dans la fabrication d'outils lithiques. Le site devrait aider a la comprehension de l'histoire culturelle de la c6te est de la baie dHudson. PINTAL, Jean-Yves, Consultant en archeologie THE ECOLOGICAL CARTOGWHYAAD i"RE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SiXMCY OF THE LOWER NORTH SHORE, QUEBEC Seance lb, 2 mai, 14 h 20 La Basse-CGte-Nord du Quebec presente un environnement relativement siiaire a celui du Labrador, soit celui d'une zone bioCcologique maritime hemiarctique pour ce qui est du rivage et une transition foret-toundra pour ce qui est de l'interieur. Come au Labrador, la c6te ofEe un riche potentiel archeologique tandis que l'intkrieur a livre peu de vestiges. Pour verifier si les terres interieures de la Basse-C6te-Nord ont ete occupees par les autochtones, l'auteur a effectue un leve archeologique suivant une methode fondee sur le paysage ecologique. La communication presente les resultats de ce leve ainsi que l'importance des sites decouverts relativement a l'etablissement d'un mode de mobilite temtoriale pour chaque culture. POKOTYLO, David, Departement d'anthropologie, Universite de Colombie-Britnnique REDEFIMNG THE RELAllONSHIP BETWEEN CURATORS AMl FIRST PEOPLES IN THE EXHIBI'Ohr OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL MATERIALS Seance 15,4 mai, 15 h Le Groupe de travail sur les musees et les PremiQes nations a incite les musees a daborer leurs politiques relatives aux expositions et aux collections en consultation avec les collectivites autochtones. Dans son rapport, il recomrna.de des partenariats a participation egale entre les musees et les Premieres nations. La communication aborde les diicultCs inherentes a la transition vers ce type de relation. Elle rappelle les efforts deployes recemment au musee d'anthropologie de 1'UniversitC de Colombie-Britannique pour mettre en oeuvre certaines des recommandations du groupe dans le contexte d'une exposition a venir sur Tart prehistorique du sud de la c6te de Colombie-Britannique. Elle decrit la demarche d'edication des partenariats avec les Premieres nations pour la conception concertee de l'exposition et la fa~ondont le projet redefinit la relation entre les conservateurs et les Premieres nations en ce qui a trait a diffirents aspects ethiques cornme l'assurance des collections, les obligations et la responsabiite professionnelle ainsi que l'acces aux collections. MCme si le projet n'est pas terrnine, la demarche decrite peut Ctre utile aux organismes qui planifient des expositions de documents archeologiques. POPE, Peter, Section d'archeologie, Universite Memorial de Terre-Neuve WSHWTCOLOMZAlTON THE SEW--C-Y EmOPEAN SEllIEMNT OF iWFKF0~~IN THE MAi7V.X OF THE MIGRATORY FISHERY Seance 9,3 mai, 13 h 40 Par une serie d'articles evocateurs, P.E.L. Smith a attire l'attention sur Ithabitationdes premiers habitants europeens a Terre-Neuve, en hiver. II avance, de fagon convaincante, qu'il est utile de considerer cette pratique comeune forme de transhumance, qu'il fait remonter, preuves documentaires a I'appui, jusqu'aux premieres ddcennies du XVIIIQiecle. I1 sera etabli ici que la transhumance a Terre-Neuve, est beaucoup plus ancienne que la pratique de l'habitation hivernale. On peut en effet considerer la pCche migratoire qu'y pratiquaient les EuropCens cornme me transhumance reproduisant probablement le pastoralisme de la fin du Moyen heau Pays Basque, en Bretagne, en Normandie et dans le Devon. Du point de vue de l'arch~ologie,il peut Ctre utile d'etudier davantage la transhurnance transatlantique pour rnieux comprendre la matrice socioeconomique dans laquelle s'inscrivaient les premikres colonies terre-neuviennes, depuis longtemps oubliees. PRINCE, Paul, Departement d'anthropologie, Universite McMaster THE XTi"lKANGA FORT SETIZEMENT PATIERN IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL RANKING ON THE UPPER SYCEENA Seance 2%2 mai, 11 h 20 On a pose que l'emergence des classes sociales sur le bras superieur de la riviere Skeena pouvait resulter des interactions entre les peuples riverains et les peuples de l'interieur, qui se seraient intensifiees avec l'avknement du commerce de produits europeens. Toutefois, l'hypothese repose sur un nombre relativement faible de donnees archeologiques. La communication porte sur le recours a la repartition du materiel et des elements archeologiques des composants prehistorique et protohistorique de Kitwanga Hill Fort comme signes d'une diikrenciation sociale pour evaluer cette evolution dans le contexte d'une adaptation a long terme. READER, David, Departement d'anthropologie, Universite de Toronto EARLY RECENT INDIAN ImOROCCVPAlTONAT DEER LAKE BEACH: ECONOMIC AAD SOCIAL WLICAlTONS Seance 11,4 mai, 11 h Les fouilles effectuees sur le'site de la plage du lac Deer @hBi-6), a l'interieur des terres dans l'ouest de Terre-Neuve, site associe a la periode indienne recente, ont livre des temoignages de deux formes d'habitation, des vestiges de foyers lineaires ainsi que des vestiges fauniques et botaniques. Les dates obtenues au carbone radioactif situent le tout aux environs de 1200 BP. Ces resultats donnent un aperqu utile et rare d'une vaste gamme de donnees associees a un site non c6tier de la periode indienne recente. Les resultats suggerent un mode de subsistance fonde sur une chasse relativement breve mais intensive a l'automne et au debut de l'hiver. L'animal recherche etait principalement le caribou, le castor venant en second. L'organisation sociale (on a trouve des indications de l'occupation simultanee de deux maisons relativement longues) pourrait avoir ete centree sur le rqgoupement de nombreuses families. En regle generale, les donnees suggerent que les peuples de l'epoque indienne recente se concentraient sur une forte activitk de subsistance saisonnike interieure visant principalement a procurer du caribou au groupe. Rien n'indique toutefois une specialisation dans cette ressource. READING, Joanna, College William and Mary, David BLACK, Departement d'anthropologie, Universitk du Nouveau-Brunswick et Howard G. SAVAGE, Departement d'anthropologie, Universite de Toronto WEMONSiTOUSMIhK)~: EWDENCE FOR EXTTNCT SEA MAK IN CANADA Seance 8% 3 mai, 11 h 40 Le site de Weir (BgDqd), butte-temoin prehistorique porteuse de coquillages situee sur les les Bliss, dans la region de Quoddy (Nouveau-Brunswick); a line plusieurs specimens d'ossements identifies a Mustela macrwlon, ou ccvison de mer)).Cet animal a fourmre est disparu depuis le XIX" siecle et n'est connu que griice aux comptes rendus historiques et aux os archeologiques trouves pour la plupart sur la c8te du Maine. La decouverte du site de Weir est particulierement enthousiasmante en ce qu'il s'agit des premiers vestiges du genre au Canada. Elle suggkre l'existence passee d'une population canadienne de vison de mer. Les os sont en bon etat et montrent des traces de depouillement. On a aussi trouve, sur un autre site des aes, un os qu'on attribue egalement au squelette d'un vison de mer, mais qui daterait, pour sa part, du XVIIIC siecle. Cet ecart laisse croire a une certaine longevite de la population canadienne. Ces decouvertes ont d'importantes consCquences pour les etudes des modes de subsistance de la region, tant a la periode prehistorique qu'a la periode historique. RICHLKNG, Barnett, Departement d'anthropologie et de sociologie, UniversitC Mount Saint Vincent ARCHAEOLOGY, ETUNOLOGY, AND TUE P PUBLIC PURTE IN CANADA Seance 3,2 mai, 10 h La Commission geologique du Canada a joue un r6le d'importance dans la professionnalisation de l'anthropologie au pays. C'est elle qui a donne des assises officielles a cette discipline naissante, en creant une division d'anthropologie, en 1910. La relation < ROSENSWIG, Robert, Departement d'anthropologie, Universite de Colombie-Britannique ETHICS AhD CANADIANARCHAEOLOGYIN COMPARAlYX CONTEXT Seance 15,4 mai, 15 h 40 Les questions ethiques sont au coeur du discours archeologique depuis quelques annees. Ainsi, en 1995, la SAA et la CAA publiaient des documents de travail exposant leurs normes de deontologie respectives. Or, les deux documents traitent les peuples autochtones de faqons difFdrentes. La communication analyse le contenu des deux, repertorie les diierences en question et evalue ces dernieres dans un contexte plus vaste, la lumiere du code de deontologie d'autres associations vouees a l'archeologie. ROSS, Julie M., D$artement d'anthropologie, Universite d'Alberta SHEEP DROPPlhGS: HO WMUCH DO WEY ELL US ABOUT WECONiTNUITYAND COLLAPSE OF GARDEN UNDER S'ET,~SIJERNSE-NT GREEW? Seance 6,3 mai, 11 h Le site agricole de Garden Under Sandet (GUS) est situe dans la portion ouest de la localite Nuuk, au Groenland. Il date d'une periode s'echelonnant du X" au XIIICsiecle. L'extraordiinaire etat de conservation des vestiges, sur le plan organique, fournit une excellente occasion d'etudier les vestiges archeobotaniques du site a tous points de vue. La communication rappelle brievement ie contexte culturei du peupiement occidental et de la feme avant de presenter quelques resuhssts prelirninaires d'etudes archeobotaniques. Ces dernieres portent sur deux types d'echantillons. Le crottin provenant de la bouverie donne des indications sur l'devage ovin, tandis que les sediments associes au la* (peuplement initial) donnent une idee de la vk&tion que les Scandinaves ont pu voir, a leur arrivee. RUSCILLO, Deborah, Institute of Archaeology, Londres B WNGPAlXOCLUS: MARINE REM4INS FROM CREMAUON BURIALS IN EARLY IRONAGE, TOROhZ, GREECE Seance 8b, 3 mai, 16 h 20 Torone est un site du nord de la Grece, et plus precisement de la pointe sud de Sithonia (Chalkidike). Les inhumations apres cremation sur lesquelles porte la communication datent de la periode protogeometrique (env. 1050 a 900 BP). Peut-etre sans grand intQ6t pour les archeologues du Nouveau-Monde, elles peuvent etre utiles a l'avancement des methodes d'analyse de vestiges marins. Heros archeen, Patroclus etait I'un des compagnons d'annes dlAchille, selon L'IIiade d'Homere. La description que le poete donne de ses fbndrailles est conforme au scenario que l'auteure croit pouvoir deduire de certaines inhumations pratiquees a Torone. SCHWARZ, Frederick A., Black Spruce Heritage Services PREDIClTNG ARCHAEOLOGICAL P0lZNlTA.L IN THE INTERIOR OF NEWOWW AND LABRADOR: MLICAlTONS FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTS IN VOISEY'S BAY Seance lb, 2 mai, 16 h La theorie et l'application des modeles de prevision (de nature tant structuree que non structuree) sont abordees dans le contexte de l'archeologie interieure de Terre-Neuve et du Labrador. Ces considerations sont suivies d'une revue de l'utilite des diEerentes formes de donnees fondant les previsions. La communication propose aussi un cadre prelimhaire pour la prevision du potentiel archeologique de l'arriere-pays du fond de la baie de Voisey, a partir de donnees existantes. Elle se termine par un expose sur la recherche fondamentale necessaire a l'amelioration de notre capacite a predire l'emplacement des sites et le potentiel archeologique de cette region. SCHWARZ, ~rederick'~.,Black Spruce Heritage Services RECENT IMIAN COA4kKNA.L FEASlTNG SmUCTZ%RESINNEWOWLAND AND LABRADOR: THE WEW FROM THE BANKS SITE Seance 11,4 mai, 11 h20 Les fouilles entreprises au site de Bank, dans la baie de Bonavista (nord-est de Terre-Neuve), ont live recemment les traces d'une structure de foyer heaire de la periode indienne recente (fin de la prehistoire). Les dements de ce type sont rares a Terre-Neuve, mais bien connus sur les sites indiens recents de la pkriode prehistorique et preeuropeenne du Labrador, ou ils sont interpretis comeles vestiges des structures shaputuan utilisees pour soutenir le mokoshan (banquet communautaire rituel). Les resultats des fouilles sont presentes et compares a ceux de l'examen d'autres structures de foyers heaires trouves a Terre-Neuve et au Labrador. Les donnees du site de Bank s'ajoutent a l'ensemble croissant de temoignages suggerant des similarites culturelles considerables entre les ancetres des Beothuks de Terre-Neuve, et ceux des Innu, au Labrador. Toutefois, l'assemblage d'objets du site de Bank donne a croire que les banquets cornmunautaires preeuropeens auraient pu comporter des activites tres diibntes de toutes celles qu'on a jusqu'ici associees au mokoshan innu, documente sur le plan ethnographique. SIMONSEN, Bjorn O., Victoria (C-B) PROSPECTS AND OPPORXMTIES FOR SITE MANAGEMENT IN ?HE PRlNCE R WERT HARBOrn AREA Seance 2b, 2 mai, 14 h 20 La region du port de Prince-Rupert a ete la scene de nombreux projets d'archeologie au cours des trente dernieres annees, les travaux de George MacDonald, de Richard Inglis, de David Archer et de Gary Coupland figurant parrni les plus remarquables. Pourtant, malgre toute cette attention de la part des archeologues, dont beaucoup visaient la recherche (plut6t que le sauvetage ou la gestion des ressources), il n'y a toujours aucun plan de gestion a long terme des ressources arch6ologiques de cette region de la c6te nord-ouest si importante sur le plan culturel. La communication porte donc sur les motifs de cette lacune dans le contexte des facteurs juridiques deconcertants et souvent conflictuels qui decouragent bien des efforts de planification. La situation fait d'ailleurs planer le doute sur l'avenir des ressources archeologiques de la region portuaire, doute suscite par le syndrome de ((demolition par ntgligence))qui dl'ecte la preservation de structures patrimoniales plus recentes de la categorie appelee ((cadrebiiti)). La presentation porte aussi sur le r6le hrdes organismes gouvernementaux du provincial et du federal dans l'daboration de plans a long terme de gestion et de protection des sites. Ces derniers sont comparb aux promesses et a la viabiite des efforts deployks par le gouvernement local et par les PremiQes nations en vue des memes objectifs, tant pour la region du port de Prince-Rupert que pour d'autres endroits en Colombie-Britannique et au Canada. SIMONSEN, Bjorn O., Victoria (C-B) ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE SERKCE OF LAND CmS:?HE SCHEIDAMFLATS CASE, KAMLOOPS, BRIZ'SH COLUMBIA Seance 15,4 mai, 14 h 40 Les archeologues sont de plus en plus partie prenante dans les questions relatives aux revendications territoriales des autochtones, partout au Canada. On leur demande par exemple de donner leur opinion d'experts devant les tribunaux. Ils ont pour clients tant les Premieres nations (par l'intermediaire d'un conseiller juridique) que les ((defendeurs))(soit un palier de gouvernement ou plus). Souvent, ils se trouvent donc ainsi obliges de discrediter le travail d'un collkgue, puisque les donnees soi-disant objectives que presentent les parties sont rarement identiques. La communication presente le contexte de la revendication territoriale particuliere de la bande des Indiens de Karnloops (region du plateau interieur de la Colombie-Britannique), que Ton conndt come1'~mffhire Scheidam Flats))et qui a cree un precedent. Elle decrit la participation des deux archeologues engages come conseillers. Elle expose les resultats des etudes archeologiques sur le terrain censees etayer la revendication, et resume la longue procedure judiciaire et le rkglement halement obtenu par negociations extrajudiciaires. Elle traite enfin de la validite des temoignages archeologiques pour prouver l'association ethnique a long terme entre les groupes autochtones existants et les traces archeologiques. Sm,Beverly, Sociology/Anthropology/SocialWork, University of Michigan - Flint EXCHANGE hEW0RK;S IN SUl3SISlENCE RECONSTUUCUON: A CASE STUDY FROM THE WPER GREATLAKES Seance 8% 3 mai, 10 h 40 Les donnees zooarcheologiques recueillies sur les sites de la fin du Sylvicole et du debut de la periode historique demontrent l'irnportance relative de diverses especes anirnales dans le regime des populations. Quant aux donnees ethnohistoriques, elles aident a reconstituer la structure et le territoire des populations humaines. Enfin, les caracteristiques des animaux chasses, sur les plans ecologique et nutritif, servent a estimer les rapports entre les quantites disponibles et les quantites necessaires. Les resultats globaux suggerent que les modes de subsistance ne peuvent etre consideres isolement et que l'existence de groupes peut evoquer l'daboration de strategies complexes, tels les reseaux d'kchanges regionaux du secteur superieur des Grands Lacs, come composante cruciale du systeme de subsistance visant a acquerir la nourriture recherchee. SMITH, Patricia E., Departement d'anthropologie, Universite McMaster THE ROLE AND DEIZLOP-NT OF CHILDRENIN PmSTORTC HURON SOCIETY AS SEEN THROUGH lJHE ANALYSIS OFJUWMLE POTS Seance 12,4 mai, 9 h L'absence d'enhts dans les reconstitutions archeologiques etait, jusqu'a recement, passee inaperque. Secteur maintenant en croissance de la discipline, l'archeologie de l'enfance consiste surtout, actuellement, a trouver des moyens de combler cette lacune. La communication presente les travaux de recherche en cours sur le r81e et le developpement des enfants dans la societe huronne prehistorique. Les tkmoignages archeologiques sont regroupes dans la categorie fourre- tout du ccmobilier d'enfants,). Des resultats prkhhaires montrent que le rafhement de cette categorie pourrait fournir de l'information sur l'adoption et le transfert de motifs entre le mobilier d'enhts et le mobilier adulte. Les travaux resumes contribuent a l'avancement des etudes sur les Hurons par l'analyse du mobilier d'enfants et ont pour but de demontrer la possibilite d'approfondir les recherches sur les enfants en contexte archeologique. STANCHLEY,Norbert, Universite de Toronto, Terry POWIS, Universite Trent, Jamie AWE, Universite Trent, et Paul HEALY,Universitk Trent REikUINS FROMA MIDDLE FORMAiTE MDDENAT THE TOLOK GROW, CAHAL PECH, BELIZE: IMPLICA UONS FOR PRECLASSIC LOKWVD MAYA ANAUL RESOUWE UTILIZAUON Seance Sb, 3 mai, 15 h L'investigation archeologique menee au centre ceremoniel maya des basses terres de Cahal Pech, au Belize, a surtout porte sur l'occupation preclassique du centre du site et des peuplements peripheriques. Les fouilles de l'un de ces peuplements, Tolok, ont livre plus de 5000 coquillages et vestiges d'ossements concentres dans une butte-tkmoin datant du milieu de la peiode formative (400 a 200 av. J.-C.), qui representent le plus vaste assemblage faunique jamais decouvert dans les basses terres mayas. L'analyse indique le recours a une grande varietes de ressources fauniques locales, mais une concentration particuliere de coquillages et de poissons d'eau douce. Par ailleurs, l'identification de plusieurs espbces exotiques, telles des crustaces, des coquillages et des poissons des recifs des Caraibes, pourrait faire progresser notre comprehension du commerce et des reseaux d'echange chez les Mayas de l'ere preclassique. La communication presente les donnees recueillies a Tolok dans le contexte communautaire local et dans un contexte regional plus vaste, ahd'eclairer l'utilisation de la ressource faunique par les Mayas des basses terres pendant la pkriode meconnue qu'est la prehistoire maya ancienne. STEWART, Frances L., Departement d'anthropologie, Universite McGill ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL DIFF-CES BETWXN THE PROTO-HmONPETUVS AND THE PROTO-ST. LAWlUiNCE IROQUOIANS OF ONTARIO Seance 8% 3 mai, 11 h Les vastes Cchantillons zooarcheologiques du site Keffer (protohuron-pitun), situe immediatement au nord de Toronto, et du site McKeown (proto-Saint-Laurent), situk dans la region de Prescott, sont compares. Les deux villages datent d'environ 1500 avant notre ere. Les echantillons sont egalement compares avec ceux qui ont ete prdeves sur d'autres sites contemporains, dans le voisinage respectif de chacun, pour determiner les modes d'exploitation faunique 4ypiques), des deux groupes. Finalement, la communication aborde l'importance des d86rences constatees dans Ithistoiredes deux groupes. STEWART, Kathlyn M., Musee canadien de la nature FAUNA FROM THE KOWSOM SITE, VANCOUIZR IS-: RESULTS AND WL.ICAl7ONS FOR NORi"H%5ST COAST FAUNAL RECOJZRY Seance 8b, 3 mai, 14 h 40 Deux saisons de fouilles sur le site Kosapsom (ile de Vancouver) ont live une quantite considerable de vestiges fauniques et d'objets. Les travaux se poursuivent, mais les analyses effectuees a ce jour indiquent un recours substantiel a la ressource ichtyologie de mgme que la part considerable qu'occupaient les mammif"eres, et surtout les oiseaw, dans le regime de la population. Au cours de la premiere saison de fouille, tout le sol a ete tamis6 a travers un maillage de 118 pouce. Compte tenu du grand nombre de vestiges fauniques de tres petite taille, la recuperation des os dans la matiere tamisee prenait beaucoup de temps. Aussi, la saison suivante, l'echantillon tamise a ete beaucoup plus petit. Resultat : le nombre d'~~ntsmicrofauniques, en particulier les vestiges d'anchois et de hareng, recuperes pendant la deuxieme saison ne represente qu'une fraction de la collecte de la premiere annee. Aussi, les proportions sont considerablement modifiees. Ce gauchissement doit donc etre l'objet d'une attention skieuse dans tous les rapports sur les elements fauniques relatifs aux sites c6tiers. STEWART, Kathlyn M., Musee canadien de la nature, et Frances L. STEWART, Departement d'anthropologie, Universite McGill PRUUSTONC SUBSISi'ENCE PAllERNS IN PRlNCE R WERTHARBOUU, B. C.: AN WDAi'E Seance 2a, 2 mai, 10 h Des fouilles recentes, combinees a la reprise des analyses d'objets rkcuperes sur des sites prehistariques de la region du port de Prince-Rupert (Colombie-Britannique), ont permis de brosser un portrait detaille du regime et du mode de subsistance des populations de la region. Les donnkes proviennent des sites Boardwalk, Grassy Bay, Dodge Island, Co-op, McNichol et GbTn-19, tous situes aux environs du port, ainsi que du site Greenville, situe un peu a l'interieur des terres, sur la riviere Nass. L'epoque d'occupation des sites va de 4200 a environ 600 BP. Les ditences qui caracterisent les vestiges fauniques traduisent une variation considerable dans le choix des ressources alirnentaires et un changement probable dans les migrations saisonnieres de la periode. Ce dernier se serait produit apres l'augrnentation de population, survenue aux environs de 1700 BP. La coordination des donnees fauniques recueillies sur les sites fournit un modele auquel on peut comparer les modes de subsistance d'autres localites de la c6te Nord-Ouest. STOPP, Marianne P. ,Division des ressources historiques, gouvernement de Terre-Neuve et du Labrador MINTNG, LAhD CWSANDARCHAEOLOGY Seance 1b, 2 mai, 14 h Les decouvertes minerales faites recernrnent dans la baie de Voisey, au Labrador, ont projete la protection des ressources archeologiques au premier rang des preoccupations. La communication pose, sans y repondre, plusieurs questions. L'utilisation des terres par les autochtones est-elle un pas vers les objectifs de la recherche universitaire ou plut6t vers ceux, moins variables mais plus soutenus financierement, de la gestion des ressources culturelles? Est-elle considkrke comme partie integrante de l'archeologie? Un sommaire utile des sites connus et de Ithistoireculturelle des zones c6tibe et interieure de la baie de Voisey sert de point de depart a l'examen du r6le de ltarch~ologie,a la lumiere de la progression fblgurante de l'exploitation miniere. STOPP, Marianne P. (presidente), Division des ressources historiques, gouvernement de Terre- Neuve et du Labrador, Stephen LORING, Arctic Studies Centre, Smithsonian, Kevin MCALEESE, Newfoundland Museum, et MCCAFFREY, Musee McCord d'histoire canadienne PARiT2B.S FOR THE PAST: ARCHAEOLOGY AND THE FIRST NAUONS IN QUEBEC AND AlZANUC CANADA. PART 2: LARGE SCALEMMNG INTERESTS AT VOISEY'S BAY, LABRADOR Seance lb, 2 mai, 13 h 30 a 17 h Les decouvertes minerales faites recernment dans la baie de Voisey, au Labrador, ont projete la protection des ressources archeologiques au premier rang des preoccupations. Les entreprises minikes (plus de 200 ont jalonne des claims) considerent les evaluations archeologiques comrne des retards imprevus. Les organismes gouvernementaux comprennent l'importance de la conservation archeologique, mais tentent de composer avec les intbets Cconomiques. La nation innu et 1'Association inuit du Labrador luttent pour faire admettre le caractkre prioritaire des evaluations archeologiques. Enfin, la division des ressources historiques du gouvernement provincial se trouve a justifier I la fois la necessite de preserver les ressources archeologiques et la necessite de faire les evaluations. La seance regroupe des personnes touchees par les dficultes que soulevent la baie de Voisey, qui sont invitees a Baborer une methode d'exploitation respectueuse de la prehistoire de la region. SUTHERLAND, Patricia D., Musee canadien des civilisations REVISIUNG AN OLD CONCEPT: THE NORTH COAST ImCUONSPHB Seance 2% 2 mai, 11 h 40 Le concept d'une ccsphke d'interaction propre a la c8te Nard)) est reexamine a la lumiere de l'interpretation faite recernment des changements economiques et sociaux ayant marque le nord de la cote Nord-Ouest. L'andyse est fondee sur une discussion des donnees archeolsgiqnes recueillies sur les fles de la Reine-Charlotte, dans le port de Prince-Rupert et dans la region de la Nass. L'auteure avance que toute etude de l'evolution prehistorique de la complexit6 culturelle des sociktes de la c8te Nord-Ouest doit tenir compte de la dynamique des echanges et de la concurrence entre les differentes sociktes ayant vecu dans la region. SUTTON, Douglas, et Caroline THOMAS, Departement d'anthropologie, Universite Auckland (3-2) ANE'TROPOLOGY, EMPIRE AND NAUONS :INELUENCES ON THE LIFE AND WOmOF DIAMOND EmSS Seance 3,2 mai, 9 h 40 SYMONDS, James, ARCUS, Research School of Archaeology, Universite Sheffield PRECIOUS CARGOES: TO WARDS AN ARCHmOLOGY OF EIIGHXTENTH- AND MmEEm-CENTURY MGMTION FROM THE OUTER HEBRIDES TO NOVA SCOTIA Seance 6,3 mai, 10 h De 1760 1 1920, des milliers d6cossais des Highlands ont immigrd en Amerique du Nord depuis les Outer Hebrides. Le flux migratoire a ete irregulier et, contrairement a Itimmigration en provenance des Lowlands, caracterise par l'arrivee successive de farnilles et de collectivites entieres. Ces mouvements ont d'ailleurs resulte en enclaves gaeliques qui persistent encore en ~ouvelle-~cosse. La complexite de ces mouvements fait que l'imagination populaire les associe plut6t a un evenement unique : les tristement celebres Highland Clearances ou evictions massives. Mais la communication sugghe une nouvelle fagon d'envisager la diaspora ecossaise. L'auteur avance que l'on peut mieux comprendre l'experience des &grants (y compris le fosse cognitif cause par l'emigration et la fiagmentation de la societe d'origine) en suivant une demarche large, qui combine archeologie historique, tkmoignages oraux et folklore. La communication resume les travaux de recherche effectues par les universites de Sheffield et de Leicester, qui ont pour but d'explorer le peuplement des Highlands des deux c6tes de 1'Atlantique. Des references sont faites aux fouilles et aux leves faits recernrnent dans le canton abandonne de Milton (South Uist, Outer Hebrides) et aux plans d'investigation des sites occupes par des immigrants de South Uist, au Cap-Breton. 'MOMAS, Stephen LACUSmNE SALMOMD EXPLOITA7TONAT THE OK!% SITE (AlGu-120), AN I- LATE IROQUOIAN P7.LLAGE NEAR TORONTO, ONTMO Seance 8% 3 mai, 11 h 20 Le site &Over (AlGu-120) est un village iroquoien situe a 30 kilometres en amont de l'embouchure de la riviere Don, pres de Toronto. II fbt occupe du debut au milieu du XV"siecle. L'assemblage de vestiges ichtyologique qu'on y trouve se divise en deux groupes. Le premier comprend des taxons qu'on trouvait du centre aux bras superieurs de la Don. Le second est constitue d'especes de salmonides caracteristiques des eaux lacustres profondes, plus accessibles a la saison du fiai, sur les hauts-fonds, a l'automne. Les donnees recueillies a partir des sections corporelles suggke l'accessibilite locale pour le premier groupe, mais un traitement l'exterieur du site et le transport sur de longues distances pour le second. Ces decouvertes impliquent une forte dependance envers le lac pour la subsistance du groupe, a l'automne. De fait, l'intensite de cette dependance se reflete en outre dans la faible fiequence d'os de chevreuils. L'analyse des vertebres de poissons a permis de detecter la pratique de la pgche aux salmonides et de deduire ses caracteristiques. Or, l'auteur presente un procede abrege, qui fait de cette analyse, habituellement tres longue, une technique rentable et possible aux fins de la gestion des ressources culturelles. . THOMSON,J. Callum, Jacques Whitford Environment Limited HISTORICAL RESOURCES IAV7ZSDGAnONS AT VOISEY'S BAY, LABRADOR, FOR DIAMOND FIELDS RESOURCES INC. :: OEUUEW OF OBEClTES, METHODSAhD RESULTS Seance lb, 2 mai, 14 h 40 La Division des ressources historiques a demande que l'on effectue des evaluations archeologiques de niveau 1 dans l'aire principale d'exploration minerale entourant Discovery Hill, entre la baie Voisey et la baie Anaktalak, ainsi qu'aux emplacements proposes d'installations de soutien comme des carnpements d'exploration, des bandes d'atterrissage, des quais, des chemins d'acces et des carrieres. De plus, les archeologues de Jacques Whitford Environment Limited ont propose la realisation d'une etude de base portant sur une zone d'etude de 100 kilometres entourant l'aire d'exploration principale; cette etude aurait pour but de caracteriser les types de sites qui pourraient etre presents dans cette zone. La Labrador Inuit Association et la nation innu, qui ont sournis des revendications territoriales portant sur des terres qui se recoupent et qui s'interessent toutes deux a l'utilisation des ressources quloEe la region de la baie Voisey, ont fourni les services d'un surveillant archeologique et d'un aide-archeologue pour la realisation des travaux. Les deux groupes d'autochtones ont collecte des connaissances ecologiques traditionnelles; ce travail a aide a orienter les etudes sur le terrain. Trente-dew sites ont ete releves dans la region c8tiere et a l'interieur des terres. Les plus anciens sont des sites vieux de 6 000 ans appartenant a la tradition archdique maritime et situes sur des plages soulevees d'une hauteur de 100 metres (elles se trouvent aujourd'hui a quatre kilometres de la c8te) et dans un filon de quartz qui est situe sur un flanc de coteau 8eve et qui a probablement ete exploit6 par les premiers chercheurs de ressources minkales (qui ont utilise de nombreux terrains de chasse et emplacements de camp innu et inuit datant des deux derniers siecles). Le plus jeune site releve est un camp de base de l'expedition subarctique Rawson-Macmillan (on y a trouve une autoneige Ford contemporaine). Vingt-huit autres sites ont pu etre releves grPce a des prospections preliminaires additionnelles effectuees pour Diamond Fields dans 15 aires d'exploration eloignees situees au nord de la region du mont Kiglapait. Les etudes de base, les evaluations de niveau 1 et les activites d'attenuation se poursuivront en 1996. TUCK,James, Section d'archeologie, Universite Memorial de Terre-Neuve AN INIRODUCDON TO EYE ARCHAEOLOGY ,OFFERRW, ~WO~LAND Seance 9,3 mai, 14 h 40 L'archeologie se pratique sporadiquement a Ferryland, depuis la fin des annees 60. L'un des vastes programmes de recherche actuels a kt6 entrepris en 1992. La communication resume le contexte historique du site, qui fLt occupe de fa~onsaisonniere par les Beothuks et des pecheurs europeens pendant la plus grande partie du XVIe siecle. En 1621, George Calvert, qui allait devenir premier baron de Baltimore, fonda la colonie d'Avalon, un peuplement qui a persiste, sous une forme ou une autre, jusqu'a ce jour. La communication d6crit les quatre annees de fouilles, qui ont permis de mettre au jour un ensemble qui represente moins de dix pour cent de l'etablissement original de quatre acres mais qui a deja lime un temoignage des premiers visiteurs qui y sont parvenus. La forge et un vaste complexe en bord de mer sont decrits en detail par Carter et Gaulton. Cette communication porte plut6t sur les temoignages des occupations du XVI" siecle, deux sites d'habitation du XVIIe siecle, un puits, des structures defensives, des latrines et la jolie rue (preffiesfreete) mentionnee en 1622 par le premier gouverneur de la colonie. Les fouilles initiales et le sondage au radar effectues a la fin de 1995 indiquent que la colonie entiere est preservee, sous le peuplement peu etendu qui entoure de nos jours le port interieur de Ferryland. WALLACE, Birgitta, Patrimoine canadien, Region de 1'Atlantique L'ANSE AUXMEADOWSAh?D IGNCAAD :ANABANDOhED EXPERTENCE Seance 7,3 mai, 11 h 20 Le comportement migratoire des Scandinaves qui ont gape le Groenland, puis L'Anse aux Meadows (Terre-Neuve) depuis le Groenland, est conforme au modele de migration elabore par David Anthony. L'etablissement des Scandinaves a L'Anse aux Meadows correspondrait a la phase de (cprospectionp, initiale decrite par Anthony; les Scandiinaves ont cree des colonies c WEILER, Michael, Lawrencetown (Nouvelle-~cosse) CULTURALTUTCTORTU DATA INA LEGAL CONTEXT: UTILITY, IAFORMAiTON CONTROL AhD RESEARCH Ei?HICS Seance 15,4 mai, 16 h La communication traite de l'information culturelle et historique relative aux collectivites autochtones. Il peut s'agir de documents archCologiques, des modes de tenure et d'utilisation de la terre, de statistiques sur l'exploitation de diverses richesses, de la connaissance traditionnelle du milieu, etc. La presentation aborde l'utilite de ce type d'iiormation dans les contextes judiciaires et quasijudiciaires des negociations relatives aux revendications territoriales, aux procedures judiciaires issues des conflits d'utilisation ou des evaluations des incidences environnementales. Elle presente l'utilisation possible, par les autochtones, des systemes d'information geographique (SIG) pour regagner la mGtrise de I'information liee a leurs collectivites et ameliorer leur pouvoir de negociation. Elle souligne enfh un certain nombre des questions de deontologie et de methode qui peuvent surgir pour quiconque tente de representer les concepts autochtones d'environnement et d'utilisation des terres a l'aide des termes et des instruments scientifiques standard. WHITEHEAD, Ruth Holmes, Nova Scotia Museum BEOTHW ARnFACTS INMUSEW COLLlZCI7ONS Seance ll,4 mai, 11 h40 En 1985, l'auteure a consacre six mois a la visite de musees en Europe et dans certaines rkgions des ~tats-~niset du Canada, a la recherche de materiel lie aux Bkothuks. La communication est un diaporama des quelques objets trouves, par exemple, dans les collections du Royal Scottish Museum, du Museum of Mankind, a Londres, du Nova Scotia Museum, du Newfoundland Museum, du Musee ~c~ord,du Musee canadien des civilisations et du Musee d'ethnographie d'Oslo. WILSON, Barbara, Reserve du parc national de Gwaii Haanas SKANGWHI AND HAIDA GWHI WATCM:MANAGING SPECIAL PLACES Seance 10,3 mai, 16 h Les Haida Gwaii Watchmen protegent et gQent les villages de Gwaii Haanas tres achalandes pendant l'ete et les saisons intermediaires. Ces villages sont situes a l'interieur et en peripherie de la reserve de parc national Gwaii Haanas. Poursuivant une pratique nee avant la creation de l'aire protegee, les wigiles,) mettent a profit leur connaissance traditiomelle pour appliquer et adapter les politiques qui regissent la gestion des ressources culturelles. Le projet amorce en 1995 pour redresser plusieurs msts mortuaires, a Sgan Gwaii, illustre une application de cette demarche. WOLLSTONECROFT, Michelle M., Departement d'archeologie, Universite Simon Fraser RECENTRESUCH hVB. C. OE4?21;4UPALAEOEZENOBOTANI' Seance 4,2 mai, 15 h La communication traite des methodes caracteristiques de cueillette de la periode ethnographique et de la fin de la prkhistoire dans le sud du plateau interieur de la Colombie-Britannique. Plusieurs methodes de gestion autres qu'agricoles sont examinees. WOOLLETT, James, Brooklyn, New York ZOOARCHAEOLOGY AND WEPALAEOECONOMT OF WXK,NORTHERN LABRADOR Seance 16,4 mai, 14 h La communication presente les conclusions initiales de l'analyse des vestiges fauniques trouves dans le peuplement inuit hivernal dTJivak (Wesiecle), situe dans le nord du Labrador et constitue de huttes de terre. Les fouilles faites recernment sur le site par Susan Kaplan et Jim Woollett ont port6 principalement sur une vaste maison communautaire et le gisement du tertre associe. Les relations des missionnaires moraviens decrivent le site cornrne un peuplement d'hiver important de la fin du XVIII%i&cleainsi que comme un centre de la chasse a la baleine a l'automne et de la chasse au phoque, a l'hiver. Des analyses zooarcheologiques ont permis de reconstituer l'economie de subsistance pratiquke a Uivak et d'etudier le r6le economique de ces grandes activites de chasse. Les modifications generalisees qui ont touche l'economie de subsistance de la societk inuit preeuropeenne du Labrador sont egalement examinees, par la comparaison des donnkes sur les vestiges fauniques dWivak et de celles qui proviennent d'autres sites inuit du Labrador. ZACHARIAS, Sandra K., Deva Heritage Consulting Ltd. ARCHffiOLOGYAND WEPUBLIC IN BRIiTSH COLWIA: LTSiTXLNG TO THE A UVIENCE Seance 15,4 mai, 14 h 20 En 1995, l'auteur a conp et prksente une sene d'ateliers d'initiation a l'archeologie et a la gestion des ressources culturelles a l'intention de diverses collectivites de Colombie-Britannique : bandes et conseils tribaux, service des for& de Colombie-Britannique, entreprises de coupe. Ces ateliers lui donnaient une occasion unique d'enseigner dans des contextes non structures, allant de l'atmosphere detendue a la tension proche de l'explosion. Ils lui ont egalement perrnis, en tant qu'archeologue, d'analyser et d'ameliorer sa comprehension de la conception divergente que ces differentes collectivites ont du monde ainsi que d'ameliorer sa capacite de comrnuniquer avec le public au sujet de l'archeologie. La communication decrit la conception des ateliers et leur amelioration progressive au fil des questions qui ont surgi. Elle resume enfin ce que l'auteur a appris avec le temps. ZUTTER,Cynthia M., Departement d'anthropologie, Universite de l1Alberta ARCHAEOBOTANY OF ICWICMDDENS: COMPMG THE BIG AhD SMAU Seance 4,2 mai, 13 h 40 On trouve des tertres agricoles archeologiques de l'epoque viking dans toute la region de 1'Atlantique nord. Or, ces dements fournissent une importante information de nature historique relativement aux conditions environnementales et kconomiques du pasd. Deux sites du genre ont ete fouilles dans le nord de l'Islande, en 1988 et en 1990. La communication presente d'ailleurs les vestiges botaniques qui y ont 6te trouves. Deux ensembles de vestiges macrobotaniques (feuilles, graines) et deux ensembles de vestiges microbotaniques (pollen) ont ete analyses afh d'obtenir un portrait d'ensemble de la vegetation locale et des modes d'utilisation des plantes. Meme s'il est genbalement admis que les gisements polliniques des buttes-temoins refletent l'environnement d'un site, la comparaison des vestiges archeobotaniques, petits et gros, a revele d'intkressantes tendances. Par ailleurs, l'analyse des gisements vegetaux actuels des buttes-temoins agricoles, des fenils et des pres de fauche ont fourni des exemples des methodes d'utilisation des terres et des plantes qui vont faciliter l'interpretation du materiel botanique tire des gisements archeologiques.