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Tilburg University Tourism and the Region Huttasin, N Tilburg University Tourism and the region Huttasin, N. Publication date: 2013 Link to publication in Tilburg University Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Huttasin, N. (2013). Tourism and the region: A comparison of developmental perspectives. Gildeprint. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 08. okt. 2021 Tourism and the Region A Comparison of Developmental Perspectives Nara Huttasin Promotiecommissie Promotores: Prof. dr. ir. J.T. Mommaas Prof. dr. A. Puntasen Copromotor: Dr. L.W.J. Knippenberg Overige leden: Prof. dr. T.M.M. Verhallen Prof. dr. V.R. van der Duim Prof. dr. G.W. Richards Prof. dr. ir. B.C.J. Zoeteman Dr. E.B.P. de Jong Tourism and the Region A Comparison of Developmental Perspectives Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan Tilburg University op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof.dr. Ph. Eijlander, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties aangewezen commissie in de Ruth First zaal van de Universiteit op maandag 16 december 2013 om 14.15 uur door Nara Huttasin geboren op 17 november 1972 te Kalasin, Thailand Cover photo: The Candle Festival of Ubon Ratchathani, one of the most famous events in Thailand (photographer: Mr. Ekkaphong Paankom) Printed by: Gildeprint Drukkerijen - The Netherlands Designed by: C. Wentink This Phd dissertation was supported by the Higher Educational Strategic Scholarships for Frontier Research Network (SFR 4), The Royal Thai Government, and was written at Telos - the Brabant Centre for Sustainable Development, Tilburg, the Netherlands. Dedicated to my parents an teachers. Contents Chapter 1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 1 1.1 Poverty and developing countries ..................................................................................... 1 1.2 Tourism as an instrument for poverty alleviation ........................................................... 2 1.3 The possible perverse consequences of tourism ............................................................. 3 1.4 Thailand, poverty, and regional development .................................................................. 4 1.5 The Northeast (Isan) region and Ubon Ratchathani ....................................................... 7 1.6 Tourism as a tool for economic development in Thailand .......................................... 10 1.7 The need for sustainable development of regional tourism in Thailand .................... 12 1.8 Research objectives ............................................................................................................ 13 1.9 Outline ................................................................................................................................. 14 Chapter 2 Tourism and regional development ...................................................... 15 2.1 Historical development of tourism: A short review ...................................................... 15 2.2 Tourism as a generic system ............................................................................................. 17 2.3 Tourism as an economic system ...................................................................................... 21 2.3.1 Economic development: the competitive advantage of tourism ................................. 21 2.3.2 The tourism value chain .................................................................................................... 24 2.4 Tourism as a development tool ........................................................................................ 25 2.5 Tourism and sustainable development ............................................................................ 29 2.6 Challenges ........................................................................................................................... 33 Chapter 3 A comparison of assessment tools: Porter’s Diamond model versus the Telos Sustainability Balance Sheet ................................................. 35 3.1 Porter’s Diamond model (1990) ...................................................................................... 36 3.1.1 The relationship of microeconomic-macroeconomic competitive advantage ........... 36 3.1.2 Porter’s Diamond model .................................................................................................. 39 3.1.3 Significances of Porter’s Diamond model ...................................................................... 42 3.2 The Telos Sustainability Balance Sheet (TSBS) ............................................................. 43 3.2.1 Sustainable development and the TSBS .......................................................................... 43 3.2.2 Framework of the TSBS ................................................................................................... 45 3.2.3 The TSBS method ............................................................................................................. 48 3.2.4 Significances of the TSBS ................................................................................................. 49 3.3 Differences between assessment tools ............................................................................ 50 3.3.1 Conceptual relevance ......................................................................................................... 51 3.3.2 The application of tools in assessing tourism developments ....................................... 55 3.4 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 57 Chapter 4 Research methodology ......................................................................... 59 4.1 Operationalization of assessment tools .......................................................................... 60 4.1.1 Operationalization of Porter’s Diamond model ............................................................ 60 4.1.2 Operationalization of the TSBS model ........................................................................... 65 4.2 Collecting case study data and the analytical procedure ............................................... 75 4.2.1 Collecting comparative case study evidence ................................................................... 75 4.2.2 Analytical procedure .......................................................................................................... 76 4.3 Conceptual model .............................................................................................................. 77 Chapter 5 Assessing the tourism system: Porter’s Diamond model ...................... 79 5.1 Tourism assessment ........................................................................................................... 79 5.1.1 Factor conditions ............................................................................................................... 79 5.1.1.1 Physical resources .............................................................................................................. 81 5.1.1.2 Human resources ............................................................................................................... 82 5.1.1.3 Knowledge resources ........................................................................................................ 86 5.1.1.4 Capital resources ................................................................................................................ 89 5.1.1.5 Infrastructure and tourism facilities ................................................................................ 91 5.1.2 Related and supporting industries ................................................................................... 95 5.1.3 Demand conditions ........................................................................................................... 99 5.1.4 Firm strategy, structure, and rivalry .............................................................................. 102 5.2 The overall conclusions .................................................................................................. 119 5.3 The possible resulting strategic agenda based on Porter’s Diamond model (1990) 122 5.4 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 125 II Contents Chapter 6 Assessing the tourism system: the Telos Sustainability Balance Sheet (TSBS) .......................................................................... 129 6.1 Tourism assessment ......................................................................................................... 130 6.1.1 Economic Capital ..........................................................................................................
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