UNIFICATION — THEN and NOW Sheldon Lee Glashow a Talk Delivered at CERN on 4 December 2009*
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
People and Things
People and things On 15 April, Haim Harari of the Weizmann Institute, Israel, was guest speaker at a symposium to mark 20 years of accelerator operation at the Paul Scherrer Institute, Maurice Jacob's roving camera caught Murray Villigen, Switzerland. Gell Mann in a London pub with the manu (Photo Armin Muller) script of his book 'The Quark and the Jaguar'. 20 years of PSI In April the Swiss Paul Scherrer Institute celebrated 20 years of accelerator operations. Originally built for particle research, these facilities now extend over a wide spectrum of applications, from molecular structure to cancer therapy. Each year over 400 visiting researchers make use of PSI particle beams. Meetings An international symposium on strangeness and quark matter will be held from 1-5 September in Crete, covering 1. strangeness and quark- gluon plasma, 2. strangeness con LAPP, Annecy, well known authority French Academy of Sciences densation, 3. strange astrophysics, 4. on non-Abelian gauge theories, and strangelets, 5. dedicated instrumen Michel Davier, long-time specialist in tation for strangeness and quark Among the new corresponding electron-positron collision physics matter. Information from the Secre members of the French Academy of and former Director of the Orsay tariat, University of Athens, Physics Sciences (Academie des Sciences Linear Accelerator Laboratory. Other Dept., Nuclear & Particle Physics de Paris) are Raymond Stora of new members are Alain Aspect, Division, Panepistimioupolis, Greece- 15771 Athens, tel. (30-1)7247502, 7243362, 7243143, fax (30- 1)7235089, email gvassils ©atlas, uoa.ariadne-t.gr At a special colloquium held at CERN on 20 April to mark Carlo Rubbia's 60th birthday and the tenth anniversary of his Nobel Prize award with Simon van der Meer, left to right - Canadian TRIUMF Laboratory Director and former UA1 co-spokesman Alan Astbury, LHC Project Director Lyn Evans, Carlo Rubbia, Director General Chris Llewellyn Smith, and former UA 1 co-spokesman John Dowel I. -
The Physical Tourist Physics and New York City
Phys. perspect. 5 (2003) 87–121 © Birkha¨user Verlag, Basel, 2003 1422–6944/05/010087–35 The Physical Tourist Physics and New York City Benjamin Bederson* I discuss the contributions of physicists who have lived and worked in New York City within the context of the high schools, colleges, universities, and other institutions with which they were and are associated. I close with a walking tour of major sites of interest in Manhattan. Key words: Thomas A. Edison; Nikola Tesla; Michael I. Pupin; Hall of Fame for GreatAmericans;AlbertEinstein;OttoStern;HenryGoldman;J.RobertOppenheimer; Richard P. Feynman; Julian Schwinger; Isidor I. Rabi; Bronx High School of Science; StuyvesantHighSchool;TownsendHarrisHighSchool;NewYorkAcademyofSciences; Andrei Sakharov; Fordham University; Victor F. Hess; Cooper Union; Peter Cooper; City University of New York; City College; Brooklyn College; Melba Phillips; Hunter College; Rosalyn Yalow; Queens College; Lehman College; New York University; Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences; Samuel F.B. Morse; John W. Draper; Columbia University; Polytechnic University; Manhattan Project; American Museum of Natural History; Rockefeller University; New York Public Library. Introduction When I was approached by the editors of Physics in Perspecti6e to prepare an article on New York City for The Physical Tourist section, I was happy to do so. I have been a New Yorker all my life, except for short-term stays elsewhere on sabbatical leaves and other visits. My professional life developed in New York, and I married and raised my family in New York and its environs. Accordingly, writing such an article seemed a natural thing to do. About halfway through its preparation, however, the attack on the World Trade Center took place. -
SHELDON LEE GLASHOW Lyman Laboratory of Physics Harvard University Cambridge, Mass., USA
TOWARDS A UNIFIED THEORY - THREADS IN A TAPESTRY Nobel Lecture, 8 December, 1979 by SHELDON LEE GLASHOW Lyman Laboratory of Physics Harvard University Cambridge, Mass., USA INTRODUCTION In 1956, when I began doing theoretical physics, the study of elementary particles was like a patchwork quilt. Electrodynamics, weak interactions, and strong interactions were clearly separate disciplines, separately taught and separately studied. There was no coherent theory that described them all. Developments such as the observation of parity violation, the successes of quantum electrodynamics, the discovery of hadron resonances and the appearance of strangeness were well-defined parts of the picture, but they could not be easily fitted together. Things have changed. Today we have what has been called a “standard theory” of elementary particle physics in which strong, weak, and electro- magnetic interactions all arise from a local symmetry principle. It is, in a sense, a complete and apparently correct theory, offering a qualitative description of all particle phenomena and precise quantitative predictions in many instances. There is no experimental data that contradicts the theory. In principle, if not yet in practice, all experimental data can be expressed in terms of a small number of “fundamental” masses and cou- pling constants. The theory we now have is an integral work of art: the patchwork quilt has become a tapestry. Tapestries are made by many artisans working together. The contribu- tions of separate workers cannot be discerned in the completed work, and the loose and false threads have been covered over. So it is in our picture of particle physics. Part of the picture is the unification of weak and electromagnetic interactions and the prediction of neutral currents, now being celebrated by the award of the Nobel Prize. -
Some Comments on Physical Mathematics
Preprint typeset in JHEP style - HYPER VERSION Some Comments on Physical Mathematics Gregory W. Moore Abstract: These are some thoughts that accompany a talk delivered at the APS Savannah meeting, April 5, 2014. I have serious doubts about whether I deserve to be awarded the 2014 Heineman Prize. Nevertheless, I thank the APS and the selection committee for their recognition of the work I have been involved in, as well as the Heineman Foundation for its continued support of Mathematical Physics. Above all, I thank my many excellent collaborators and teachers for making possible my participation in some very rewarding scientific research. 1 I have been asked to give a talk in this prize session, and so I will use the occasion to say a few words about Mathematical Physics, and its relation to the sub-discipline of Physical Mathematics. I will also comment on how some of the work mentioned in the citation illuminates this emergent field. I will begin by framing the remarks in a much broader historical and philosophical context. I hasten to add that I am neither a historian nor a philosopher of science, as will become immediately obvious to any expert, but my impression is that if we look back to the modern era of science then major figures such as Galileo, Kepler, Leibniz, and New- ton were neither physicists nor mathematicans. Rather they were Natural Philosophers. Even around the turn of the 19th century the same could still be said of Bernoulli, Euler, Lagrange, and Hamilton. But a real divide between Mathematics and Physics began to open up in the 19th century. -
Curriculum Vitae Del Prof. LUCIANO MAIANI
Curriculum vitae del Prof. LUCIANO MAIANI Nato a Roma, il 16 Luglio 1941. Professore ordinario di Fisica Teorica, Università di Roma “La Sapienza” Curriculum Vitae 1964 Laurea in Fisica (110 e lode) presso l'Università di Roma. 1964 Ricercatore presso l’Istituto Superiore di Sanità. Nello stesso anno inizia la sua attività di fisico teorico collaborando con il gruppo dell'Università di Firenze guidato dal Prof. R.Gatto. 1969 Post-doctor per un semestre presso il Lyman Laboratory of Physics dell'Università di Harvard (USA). 1976/84 Professore Ordinario di Istituzioni di Fisica Teorica presso l'Università di Roma “La Sapienza” 1977 Professore visitatore presso l'Ecole Normale Superieure di Parigi. 1979/80 Professore visitatore, per un semestre, al CERN di Ginevra. 1984 Professore di Fisica Teorica presso l'Università di Roma “La Sapienza”. 1985/86 Professore visitatore per un anno al CERN di Ginevra. 1993/98 Presidente dell'Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare 1993/96 Delegato italiano presso il Council del CERN 1995/97 Presidente del Comitato Tecnico Scientifico, Fondo Ricerca Applicata, MURST 1998 Presidente del Council del CERN 1999/2003 Direttore Generale del CERN 2005 Socio Nazionale dell’Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Roma 2005-2008 Coordinatore Progetto HELEN-EuropeAid 2008 Presidente del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Laurea honoris causa Université de la Méditerranée, Aix-Marseille Università di San Pietroburgo Università di Bratislava Università di Varsavia Affiliazioni Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Socio Nazionale Fellow, American Physical Society Socio dell’Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze detta “dei XL” Socio dell’Accademia delle Scienze Russe Membro, Academia Europaea di Scienze ed Arti Premi 1980 Medaglia Matteucci, conferita dall'Accademia Nazionale dei XL. -
Nobel Pris Og NBI
Hvilke forskere, både danske og udenlandske, med tilknytning til NBI har gennem tiden modtaget en nobelpris? M I Nobelpristagere med tilknytning til NBI Der er en lang række Nobelpristagere, som har været ansat i en eller anden form på NBI (Niels Bohr Institutet). Der er desuden en del, der har opholdt sig og arbejdet på institutet i en periode, men ikke har været ansat. De har så været lønnet af deres hjemmeuniversitet og brugt tiden til et samarbejde med en eller flere forskere på NBI, som oftest med en videnskabelig artikel som resultat. Endeligt har der i ”utallige” år været en skik, at fysik nobelpristagere blev inviteret til at komme til København, give en forelæsning, og efter eget ønske blive lidt tid umiddelbart efter modtagelsen af Nobelprisen (hvor de jo alligevel var i Stockholm). I den form har en meget stor del af nobelpristagerne efter institutets oprettelse, været på besøg.. Jeg husker selv fra et af mine første studieår en strålende forelæsning af: Donald Arthur Glaser f: 1926 i USA nobelpris i 1960, med en efterfølgende animeret fest med nobelpristageren i fysik- matematik- og kemi- studerendes forening (som hed parentesen). Der har især i Bohrs tid men været en lang række konferencer og møder, hvor stort set hele den videnskabelige verdens store, har været tilstede f.eks.: Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck f: D 1858 d: 1947 nobelpris 1916, Albert Einstein f: D 1879 d: 1955 nobelrpis 1921, Douglas D. Osheroff f: USA 1945 nobelpris 1996 og mange, mange andre. I den nedenstående liste er udvalgt de, der dokumenterbart har haft en eller anden form for regulær ansættelse på NBI. -
Particle Detectors Lecture Notes
Lecture Notes Heidelberg, Summer Term 2011 The Physics of Particle Detectors Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik Introduction Historical Developments Historical Development γ-rays First 1896 Detection of α-, β- and γ-rays 1896 β-rays Image of Becquerel's photographic plate which has been An x-ray picture taken by Wilhelm Röntgen of Albert von fogged by exposure to radiation from a uranium salt. Kölliker's hand at a public lecture on 23 January 1896. Historical Development Rutherford's scattering experiment Microscope + Scintillating ZnS screen Schematic view of Rutherford experiment 1911 Rutherford's original experimental setup Historical Development Detection of cosmic rays [Hess 1912; Nobel prize 1936] ! "# Electrometer Cylinder from Wulf [2 cm diameter] Mirror Strings Microscope Natrium ! !""#$%&'()*+,-)./0)1&$23456/)78096$/'9::9098)1912 $%&!'()*+,-.%!/0&1.)%21331&10!,0%))0!%42%!56784210462!1(,!9624,10462,:177%&!(2;! '()*+,-.%2!<=%4*1;%2%)%:0&67%0%&!;1&>!Victor F. Hess before his 1912 balloon flight in Austria during which he discovered cosmic rays. ?40! @4)*%! ;%&! /0%)),-.&1(8%! A! )1,,%2! ,4-.!;4%!BC;%2!;%,!D)%:0&67%0%&,!(7!;4%! EC2F,1-.,%!;%,!/0&1.)%21331&10,!;&%.%2G!(7!%42%!*H&!;4%!A8)%,(2F!FH2,04F%!I6,40462! %42,0%))%2! J(! :K22%2>! L10&4(7! =4&;! M%&=%2;%0G! (7! ;4%! E(*0! 47! 922%&%2! ;%,! 9624,10462,M6)(7%2!M62!B%(-.04F:%40!*&%4!J(!.1)0%2>! $%&!422%&%G!:)%42%&%!<N)42;%&!;4%20!;%&!O8%&3&H*(2F!;%&!9,6)10462!;%,!P%&C0%,>!'4&;!%&! H8%&! ;4%! BC;%2! F%,%2:0G! ,6! M%&&42F%&0! ,4-.!;1,!1:04M%!9624,10462,M6)(7%2!1(*!;%2! -
Particle & Nuclear Physics Quantum Field Theory
Particle & Nuclear Physics Quantum Field Theory NOW AVAILABLE New Books & Highlights in 2019-2020 ON WORLDSCINET World Scientific Lecture Notes in Physics - Vol 83 Lectures of Sidney Coleman on Quantum Field Field Theory Theory A Path Integral Approach Foreword by David Kaiser 3rd Edition edited by Bryan Gin-ge Chen (Leiden University, Netherlands), David by Ashok Das (University of Rochester, USA & Institute of Physics, Derbes (University of Chicago, USA), David Griffiths (Reed College, Bhubaneswar, India) USA), Brian Hill (Saint Mary’s College of California, USA), Richard Sohn (Kronos, Inc., Lowell, USA) & Yuan-Sen Ting (Harvard University, “This book is well-written and very readable. The book is a self-consistent USA) introduction to the path integral formalism and no prior knowledge of it is required, although the reader should be familiar with quantum “Sidney Coleman was the master teacher of quantum field theory. All of mechanics. This book is an excellent guide for the reader who wants a us who knew him became his students and disciples. Sidney’s legendary good and detailed introduction to the path integral and most of its important course remains fresh and bracing, because he chose his topics with a sure application in physics. I especially recommend it for graduate students in feel for the essential, and treated them with elegant economy.” theoretical physics and for researchers who want to be introduced to the Frank Wilczek powerful path integral methods.” Nobel Laureate in Physics 2004 Mathematical Reviews 1196pp Dec 2018 -
Scientific and Related Works of Chen Ning Yang
Scientific and Related Works of Chen Ning Yang [42a] C. N. Yang. Group Theory and the Vibration of Polyatomic Molecules. B.Sc. thesis, National Southwest Associated University (1942). [44a] C. N. Yang. On the Uniqueness of Young's Differentials. Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 50, 373 (1944). [44b] C. N. Yang. Variation of Interaction Energy with Change of Lattice Constants and Change of Degree of Order. Chinese J. of Phys. 5, 138 (1944). [44c] C. N. Yang. Investigations in the Statistical Theory of Superlattices. M.Sc. thesis, National Tsing Hua University (1944). [45a] C. N. Yang. A Generalization of the Quasi-Chemical Method in the Statistical Theory of Superlattices. J. Chem. Phys. 13, 66 (1945). [45b] C. N. Yang. The Critical Temperature and Discontinuity of Specific Heat of a Superlattice. Chinese J. Phys. 6, 59 (1945). [46a] James Alexander, Geoffrey Chew, Walter Salove, Chen Yang. Translation of the 1933 Pauli article in Handbuch der Physik, volume 14, Part II; Chapter 2, Section B. [47a] C. N. Yang. On Quantized Space-Time. Phys. Rev. 72, 874 (1947). [47b] C. N. Yang and Y. Y. Li. General Theory of the Quasi-Chemical Method in the Statistical Theory of Superlattices. Chinese J. Phys. 7, 59 (1947). [48a] C. N. Yang. On the Angular Distribution in Nuclear Reactions and Coincidence Measurements. Phys. Rev. 74, 764 (1948). 2 [48b] S. K. Allison, H. V. Argo, W. R. Arnold, L. del Rosario, H. A. Wilcox and C. N. Yang. Measurement of Short Range Nuclear Recoils from Disintegrations of the Light Elements. Phys. Rev. 74, 1233 (1948). [48c] C. -
PDF) Submittals Are Preferred) and Information Particle and Astroparticle Physics As Well As Accelerator Physics
CERNNovember/December 2019 cerncourier.com COURIERReporting on international high-energy physics WELCOME CERN Courier – digital edition Welcome to the digital edition of the November/December 2019 issue of CERN Courier. The Extremely Large Telescope, adorning the cover of this issue, is due to EXTREMELY record first light in 2025 and will outperform existing telescopes by orders of magnitude. It is one of several large instruments to look forward to in the decade ahead, which will also see the start of high-luminosity LHC operations. LARGE TELESCOPE As the 2020s gets under way, the Courier will be reviewing the LHC’s 10-year physics programme so far, as well as charting progress in other domains. In the meantime, enjoy news of KATRIN’s first limit on the neutrino mass (p7), a summary of the recently published European strategy briefing book (p8), the genesis of a hadron-therapy centre in Southeast Europe (p9), and dispatches from the most interesting recent conferences (pp19—23). CLIC’s status and future (p41), the abstract world of gauge–gravity duality (p44), France’s particle-physics origins (p37) and CERN’s open days (p32) are other highlights from this last issue of the decade. Enjoy! To sign up to the new-issue alert, please visit: http://comms.iop.org/k/iop/cerncourier To subscribe to the magazine, please visit: https://cerncourier.com/p/about-cern-courier KATRIN weighs in on neutrinos Maldacena on the gauge–gravity dual FPGAs that speak your language EDITOR: MATTHEW CHALMERS, CERN DIGITAL EDITION CREATED BY IOP PUBLISHING CCNovDec19_Cover_v1.indd 1 29/10/2019 15:41 CERNCOURIER www. -
The 1984 Nobel Prize in Physics Goes to Carlo Rubbia and Simon Vm Der Meer: R
arrent Comments” EUGENE GARFIELD INSTITUTE FOR SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION* 3501 MARKET ST,, PHILADELPHIA, PA !9104 The 1984 Nobel Prize in Physics Goes to Carlo Rubbia and Simon vm der Meer: R. Bruce Merrifield Is Awarded the Chemistry Prize I Number 46 November 18, 1985 Last week we reviewed the 1984 Nobel Rubbia, van der Meer, and the hun- laureates in medicine: immunologists dreds of scientists and technicians at Niels K. Jerne, Georges J.F. Kohler, and CERN were seeking the ultimate confir- C6sar Milstein. 1 In this week’s essay the mation of what is known as the electro- prizewinners in physics and chemistry weak theory. Thk theory states that two are discussed. of the fundamental forces—electromag- The 1984 physics prize was shared by netism and the weak force-are actually Carlo Rubbia, Harvard University and facets of the same phenomenon. The the European Center for Nuclear Re- 1979 Nobel Prize in physics was shared search (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland, by Sheldon Glashow and Steven Wein- and Simon van der Meer, also of CERN. berg, Harvard, and Abdus Salam, Impe- The Nobel committee honored “their rial College of London, for their contri- decisive contributions.. which led to the butions to the eiectroweak theory. I dk- discovery of the field particles W and Z, cussed their work in my examination of communicators of the weak interac- the 1979 Nobel Iaureates.s tion. ”z The 1984 Nobel Prize in chemis- The daunting task facing the scientists try was awarded to R. Bruce Mertileld, at CERN was to find evidence of the sub- Rockefeller University, New York, for atomic exchange particles that commu- his development of a “simple and in- nicate the weak force. -
1 Nothing Is New Under the Sun ! Prof. Dr. Dr. Carlo Rubbia Scientific
Nothing is new under the Sun ! Prof. Dr. Dr. Carlo Rubbia Scientific Director, Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V. Potsdam, Germany -Accompanying document to Prof. Rubbia’s keynote address during the 3rd Dii Desert Energy Conference (Berlin, November 7-9 2012). The beginning of the practical use of solar power goes back some 23 centuries ago with Archimedes of Syracuse, (287 BC to 212 BC) in sunny Sicily. Mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor and astronomer, he has been one of the leading scientists of the classical antiquity. The written work of Archimedes has not survived as well as that of Euclid, and seven of his treatises are known to have existed only through references made to them by other authors. Only few details are known. However, the relatively few copies of Archimedes' written work that survived through the Middle Ages were an influential source of ideas for scientists during the Renaissance. His contributions in mathematics have been immense: the initiator of the infinitesimals, anticipating the modern calculus of the ratio between the square of the radius and the area of a circle, the quadrature of a parabola as the solution of an infinite series, the centre of gravity of geometric figures and so on. The Fields Medal, the equivalent of the Nobel in mathematics carries his portrait along with a carving illustrating his proof on the sphere and the cylinder. The inscription is a quote attributed to him, which reads in Latin: "Transire suum pectus mundoque potiri" (Rise above oneself and grasp the world). Among his advances in physics are the foundations of hydrostatics, refraction and parabolic concentration of light, statics and an explanation of the principle of the lever, where he said “Give me a place to stand on, and I will move the Earth”.