Particle & Nuclear Physics Quantum Field Theory
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Tcomposite Weak Bosons, Leptons and Quarks
Subnuclear Physics: Past, Present and Future Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Scripta Varia 119, Vatican City 2014 www.pas.va/content/dam/accademia/pdf/sv119/sv119-fritzsch.pdf TComposite Weak Bosons, Leptons and Quarks HARALD FRITZSCH University of Munich Faculty of Physics, Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics, Abstract The weak bosons consist of two fermions, bound by a new confin- ing gauge force. The mass scale of this new interaction is determined. At energies below 0.5 TeV the standard electroweak theory is valid. AneutralisoscalarweakbosonX must exist - its mass is less than 1TeV.Itwilldecaymainlyintoquarkandleptonpairsandintotwo or three weak bosons. Above the mass of 1 TeV one finds excitations of the weak bosons, which mainly decay into pairs of weak bosons. Leptons and quarks consist of a fermion and a scalar. Pairs of leptons and pairs of quarks form resonances at very high energy. 280 Subnuclear Physics: Past, Present and Future COMPOSITE WEAK BOSONS, LEPTONS AND QUARKS In the Standard Model the leptons, quarks and weak bosons are pointlike particles. I shall assume that they are composite particles with a finite size. The present limit on the size of the electron, the muon and of the light quarks is about 10−17 cm. The constituents of the weak bosons and of the leptons and quarks are bound by a new confining gauge interaction. Due to the parity violation in the weak interactions this theory must be a chiral gauge theory, unlike quantum chromodynamics. The Greek translation of ”simple” is ”haplos”. We denote the con- stituents as ”haplons” and the new confining gauge theory as quantum hap- lodynamics ( QHD ). -
Lectures on D-Branes
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CERN Document Server CPHT/CL-615-0698 hep-th/9806199 Lectures on D-branes Constantin P. Bachas1 Centre de Physique Th´eorique, Ecole Polytechnique 91128 Palaiseau, FRANCE [email protected] ABSTRACT This is an introduction to the physics of D-branes. Topics cov- ered include Polchinski’s original calculation, a critical assessment of some duality checks, D-brane scattering, and effective worldvol- ume actions. Based on lectures given in 1997 at the Isaac Newton Institute, Cambridge, at the Trieste Spring School on String The- ory, and at the 31rst International Symposium Ahrenshoop in Buckow. June 1998 1Address after Sept. 1: Laboratoire de Physique Th´eorique, Ecole Normale Sup´erieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, FRANCE, email : [email protected] Lectures on D-branes Constantin Bachas 1 Foreword Referring in his ‘Republic’ to stereography – the study of solid forms – Plato was saying : ... for even now, neglected and curtailed as it is, not only by the many but even by professed students, who can suggest no use for it, never- theless in the face of all these obstacles it makes progress on account of its elegance, and it would not be astonishing if it were unravelled. 2 Two and a half millenia later, much of this could have been said for string theory. The subject has progressed over the years by leaps and bounds, despite periods of neglect and (understandable) criticism for lack of direct experimental in- put. To be sure, the construction and key ingredients of the theory – gravity, gauge invariance, chirality – have a firm empirical basis, yet what has often catalyzed progress is the power and elegance of the underlying ideas, which look (at least a posteriori) inevitable. -
Interactions the Newsletter of the UB Department of Physics Volume 4, Issue 2 Fall 2011
Interactions The Newsletter of the UB Department of Physics Volume 4, Issue 2 Fall 2011 established well formulated procedures for all the graduate studies. He continues to be a source of information and ad- vice for our graduate program. Our majors, headed by Alec Cheney, were instrumental in starting a new chapter of the Sigma Pi Sigma, the Phys- ics Honors Society, at UB. They collected signatures and petitioned the Society for a UB chapter. After successfully receiving approval, they also made arrangements for the installation. The President of the Sigma PI Sigma, Dr. Di- ane Jacobs, presided the chapter installation ceremony on November 4. Five students, Alec Cheney, Matthew Gorfien, Connor Gorman, Chun Kwan and Katherine Spoth, were in- Dear alumni and friends, ducted during the ceremony. It was very rewarding to see As I mentioned in the previous issue, the new President and our majors take charge, accomplish their goals and receive the Dean of CAS are now in office. The SUNY2020 legisla- recognition for their outstanding achievements. tion was passed and signed into law, which allows UB for This year’s Homecoming was made special by the return of the first time to plan on a five-year horizon. The new direc- our distinguished alumnus, Dr. Thomas Bogdan (featured tions and initiatives that are being implemented by the new in Alumni in Focus), to give an exciting public lecture on administration are therefore more tangible than symbolic. space weather. He has been the Director of the National This means opportunities for the Department. It is encour- Space Weather Prediction Center, and was recently named aging to see that the President’s plan for the University over- the President of the University Corporation for Atmospheric laps with some of the main concerns and aspirations of the Research, starting January 9, 2012. -
SHELDON LEE GLASHOW Lyman Laboratory of Physics Harvard University Cambridge, Mass., USA
TOWARDS A UNIFIED THEORY - THREADS IN A TAPESTRY Nobel Lecture, 8 December, 1979 by SHELDON LEE GLASHOW Lyman Laboratory of Physics Harvard University Cambridge, Mass., USA INTRODUCTION In 1956, when I began doing theoretical physics, the study of elementary particles was like a patchwork quilt. Electrodynamics, weak interactions, and strong interactions were clearly separate disciplines, separately taught and separately studied. There was no coherent theory that described them all. Developments such as the observation of parity violation, the successes of quantum electrodynamics, the discovery of hadron resonances and the appearance of strangeness were well-defined parts of the picture, but they could not be easily fitted together. Things have changed. Today we have what has been called a “standard theory” of elementary particle physics in which strong, weak, and electro- magnetic interactions all arise from a local symmetry principle. It is, in a sense, a complete and apparently correct theory, offering a qualitative description of all particle phenomena and precise quantitative predictions in many instances. There is no experimental data that contradicts the theory. In principle, if not yet in practice, all experimental data can be expressed in terms of a small number of “fundamental” masses and cou- pling constants. The theory we now have is an integral work of art: the patchwork quilt has become a tapestry. Tapestries are made by many artisans working together. The contribu- tions of separate workers cannot be discerned in the completed work, and the loose and false threads have been covered over. So it is in our picture of particle physics. Part of the picture is the unification of weak and electromagnetic interactions and the prediction of neutral currents, now being celebrated by the award of the Nobel Prize. -
Richard Feynman by Harald Fritzsch
ARTSCIENCE MUSEUM™ PRESENTS ALL POSSIBLE Harald Fritzsch Richard Feynman RICHARD FEYNMAN’S CURIOUS LIFE In 1968, I escaped from East Germany with a folding canoe, crossing the Black In 1975, Feynman bought a Dodge Tradesman Maxivan and had it painted with Sea from Northern Bulgaria to Turkey. Then I worked as a Ph.D. student at the Feynman diagrams. Once, we were going camping with Feynman and his wife Max-Planck-Institute in Munich. In the Fall of 1970, I went for 6 months to the in the Anza Borrego desert park near Palm Springs. Feyman drove his big Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) in Palo Alto, California. Since at that camping car. On the way back, Feynman stopped at a gas station in Palm time I collaborated with Murray Gell-Mann, I went twice a month for a few days Springs. The guy at the station asked Feynman: “Why you have these to the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in Pasadena, about 360 miles Feynman Diagrams on your car?” Feynman told him, that he is Feynman, and south from Palo Alto. the guy answered: “Well, in this case you do not have to pay for the gasoline.” In Caltech I met Richard Feynman for the first time, and we discussed physics Feynman had a house at the beach near Ensenada in Baja California, Mexico. almost every day, in particular his parton model. He assumed that the nucleons He called the house “Casita Barranca”. Feynman invited us to plan a visit to consist of small pointlike constituents, which he called partons. -
Some Comments on Physical Mathematics
Preprint typeset in JHEP style - HYPER VERSION Some Comments on Physical Mathematics Gregory W. Moore Abstract: These are some thoughts that accompany a talk delivered at the APS Savannah meeting, April 5, 2014. I have serious doubts about whether I deserve to be awarded the 2014 Heineman Prize. Nevertheless, I thank the APS and the selection committee for their recognition of the work I have been involved in, as well as the Heineman Foundation for its continued support of Mathematical Physics. Above all, I thank my many excellent collaborators and teachers for making possible my participation in some very rewarding scientific research. 1 I have been asked to give a talk in this prize session, and so I will use the occasion to say a few words about Mathematical Physics, and its relation to the sub-discipline of Physical Mathematics. I will also comment on how some of the work mentioned in the citation illuminates this emergent field. I will begin by framing the remarks in a much broader historical and philosophical context. I hasten to add that I am neither a historian nor a philosopher of science, as will become immediately obvious to any expert, but my impression is that if we look back to the modern era of science then major figures such as Galileo, Kepler, Leibniz, and New- ton were neither physicists nor mathematicans. Rather they were Natural Philosophers. Even around the turn of the 19th century the same could still be said of Bernoulli, Euler, Lagrange, and Hamilton. But a real divide between Mathematics and Physics began to open up in the 19th century. -
Lectures on D-Branes
CPHT/CL-615-0698 hep-th/9806199 Lectures on D-branes Constantin P. Bachas1 Centre de Physique Th´eorique, Ecole Polytechnique 91128 Palaiseau, FRANCE [email protected] ABSTRACT This is an introduction to the physics of D-branes. Topics cov- ered include Polchinski’s original calculation, a critical assessment of some duality checks, D-brane scattering, and effective worldvol- ume actions. Based on lectures given in 1997 at the Isaac Newton Institute, Cambridge, at the Trieste Spring School on String The- ory, and at the 31rst International Symposium Ahrenshoop in Buckow. arXiv:hep-th/9806199v2 17 Jan 1999 June 1998 1Address after Sept. 1: Laboratoire de Physique Th´eorique, Ecole Normale Sup´erieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, FRANCE, email : [email protected] Lectures on D-branes Constantin Bachas 1 Foreword Referring in his ‘Republic’ to stereography – the study of solid forms – Plato was saying : ... for even now, neglected and curtailed as it is, not only by the many but even by professed students, who can suggest no use for it, never- theless in the face of all these obstacles it makes progress on account of its elegance, and it would not be astonishing if it were unravelled. 2 Two and a half millenia later, much of this could have been said for string theory. The subject has progressed over the years by leaps and bounds, despite periods of neglect and (understandable) criticism for lack of direct experimental in- put. To be sure, the construction and key ingredients of the theory – gravity, gauge invariance, chirality – have a firm empirical basis, yet what has often catalyzed progress is the power and elegance of the underlying ideas, which look (at least a posteriori) inevitable. -
Scientific Report for the Year 2000
The Erwin Schr¨odinger International Boltzmanngasse 9 ESI Institute for Mathematical Physics A-1090 Wien, Austria Scientific Report for the Year 2000 Vienna, ESI-Report 2000 March 1, 2001 Supported by Federal Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture, Austria ESI–Report 2000 ERWIN SCHRODINGER¨ INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS, SCIENTIFIC REPORT FOR THE YEAR 2000 ESI, Boltzmanngasse 9, A-1090 Wien, Austria March 1, 2001 Honorary President: Walter Thirring, Tel. +43-1-4277-51516. President: Jakob Yngvason: +43-1-4277-51506. [email protected] Director: Peter W. Michor: +43-1-3172047-16. [email protected] Director: Klaus Schmidt: +43-1-3172047-14. [email protected] Administration: Ulrike Fischer, Eva Kissler, Ursula Sagmeister: +43-1-3172047-12, [email protected] Computer group: Andreas Cap, Gerald Teschl, Hermann Schichl. International Scientific Advisory board: Jean-Pierre Bourguignon (IHES), Giovanni Gallavotti (Roma), Krzysztof Gawedzki (IHES), Vaughan F.R. Jones (Berkeley), Viktor Kac (MIT), Elliott Lieb (Princeton), Harald Grosse (Vienna), Harald Niederreiter (Vienna), ESI preprints are available via ‘anonymous ftp’ or ‘gopher’: FTP.ESI.AC.AT and via the URL: http://www.esi.ac.at. Table of contents General remarks . 2 Winter School in Geometry and Physics . 2 Wolfgang Pauli und die Physik des 20. Jahrhunderts . 3 Summer Session Seminar Sophus Lie . 3 PROGRAMS IN 2000 . 4 Duality, String Theory, and M-theory . 4 Confinement . 5 Representation theory . 7 Algebraic Groups, Invariant Theory, and Applications . 7 Quantum Measurement and Information . 9 CONTINUATION OF PROGRAMS FROM 1999 and earlier . 10 List of Preprints in 2000 . 13 List of seminars and colloquia outside of conferences . -
David Olive: His Life and Work
David Olive his life and work Edward Corrigan Department of Mathematics, University of York, YO10 5DD, UK Peter Goddard Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA St John's College, Cambridge, CB2 1TP, UK Abstract David Olive, who died in Barton, Cambridgeshire, on 7 November 2012, aged 75, was a theoretical physicist who made seminal contributions to the development of string theory and to our understanding of the structure of quantum field theory. In early work on S-matrix theory, he helped to provide the conceptual framework within which string theory was initially formulated. His work, with Gliozzi and Scherk, on supersymmetry in string theory made possible the whole idea of superstrings, now understood as the natural framework for string theory. Olive's pioneering insights about the duality between electric and magnetic objects in gauge theories were way ahead of their time; it took two decades before his bold and courageous duality conjectures began to be understood. Although somewhat quiet and reserved, he took delight in the company of others, generously sharing his emerging understanding of new ideas with students and colleagues. He was widely influential, not only through the depth and vision of his original work, but also because the clarity, simplicity and elegance of his expositions of new and difficult ideas and theories provided routes into emerging areas of research, both for students and for the theoretical physics community more generally. arXiv:2009.05849v1 [physics.hist-ph] 12 Sep 2020 [A version of section I Biography is to be published in the Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society.] I Biography Childhood David Olive was born on 16 April, 1937, somewhat prematurely, in a nursing home in Staines, near the family home in Scotts Avenue, Sunbury-on-Thames, Surrey. -
Murray Gell-Mann Hadrons, Quarks And
A Life of Symmetry Dennis Silverman Department of Physics and Astronomy UC Irvine Biographical Background Murray Gell-Mann was born in Manhattan on Sept. 15, 1929, to Jewish parents from the Austro-Hungarian empire. His father taught German to Americans. Gell-Mann was a child prodigy interested in nature and math. He started Yale at 15 and graduated at 18 with a bachelors in Physics. He then went to graduate school at MIT where he received his Ph. D. in physics at 21 in 1951. His thesis advisor was the famous Vicky Weisskopf. His life and work is documented in remarkable detail on videos that he recorded on webofstories, which can be found by just Google searching “webofstories Gell-Mann”. The Young Murray Gell-Mann Gell-Mann’s Academic Career (from Wikipedia) He was a postdoctoral fellow at the Institute for Advanced Study in 1951, and a visiting research professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana– Champaign from 1952 to 1953. He was a visiting associate professor at Columbia University and an associate professor at the University of Chicago in 1954-55, where he worked with Fermi. After Fermi’s death, he moved to the California Institute of Technology, where he taught from 1955 until he retired in 1993. Web of Stories video of Gell-Mann on Fermi and Weisskopf. The Weak Interactions: Feynman and Gell-Mann •Feynman and Gell-Mann proposed in 1957 and 1958 the theory of the weak interactions that acted with a current like that of the photon, minus a similar one that included parity violation. -
Spotlight on Quantum Black Holes
Physics monitor the results continuing to emerge from them with the declared objectives of charges (magnetic monopoles) do the HERA electron-proton collider at the world's major Laboratories. T.D. not exist. Particle theorists are not so DESY, Hamburg, where the Zeus Lee drew attention to the need for sure, and for a long time magnetic and H1 experiments look deep inside future studies to understand CP monopoles have been tentatively the proton, showing that its gluon violation - the delicate asymmetry included on the theoretical menu. content increases as the momentum between matter and antimatter. The role of these monopoles has fraction decreases. With a large now become crucial. kinematical range now covered, Information from Klaus Monig and Also playing a central role is the these results correlate well with data Clara Matteuzzi idea of supersymmetry. In a quantum from fixed target experiments. theory, basic particles, like quarks The two HERA experiments con and leptons (fermions), interact tinue to see 'rapidity gaps', where through force-carrying particles events pile up in kinematical bands. Spotlight on quantum (bosons) like the photon of electro- Many people have understood this in magnetism, the W and Z of the weak terms of the incoming electron black holes nuclear force and the gluon of the bouncing off a proton constituent in a strong inter-quark force. In super- 'colourless' way ('colour' is for the article theorists are getting symmetry, each fermion has addi quark-gluon force what electric P unusually excited these days as tional boson partners, and vice versa. charge is for the electromagnetic new ideas and different approaches So far, no evidence for super- force). -
Advanced Information on the Nobel Prize in Physics, 5 October 2004
Advanced information on the Nobel Prize in Physics, 5 October 2004 Information Department, P.O. Box 50005, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden Phone: +46 8 673 95 00, Fax: +46 8 15 56 70, E-mail: [email protected], Website: www.kva.se Asymptotic Freedom and Quantum ChromoDynamics: the Key to the Understanding of the Strong Nuclear Forces The Basic Forces in Nature We know of two fundamental forces on the macroscopic scale that we experience in daily life: the gravitational force that binds our solar system together and keeps us on earth, and the electromagnetic force between electrically charged objects. Both are mediated over a distance and the force is proportional to the inverse square of the distance between the objects. Isaac Newton described the gravitational force in his Principia in 1687, and in 1915 Albert Einstein (Nobel Prize, 1921 for the photoelectric effect) presented his General Theory of Relativity for the gravitational force, which generalized Newton’s theory. Einstein’s theory is perhaps the greatest achievement in the history of science and the most celebrated one. The laws for the electromagnetic force were formulated by James Clark Maxwell in 1873, also a great leap forward in human endeavour. With the advent of quantum mechanics in the first decades of the 20th century it was realized that the electromagnetic field, including light, is quantized and can be seen as a stream of particles, photons. In this picture, the electromagnetic force can be thought of as a bombardment of photons, as when one object is thrown to another to transmit a force.