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Nasa Johnson Space Center Oral History Project NASA SCIENCE MISSION DIRECTORATE ORAL HISTORY PROJECT ORAL HISTORY TRANSCRIPT RETA F. BEEBE INTERVIEWED BY JENNIFER ROSS-NAZZAL LAS CRUCES, NEW MEXICO – 25 APRIL 2017 ROSS-NAZZAL: Today is April 25, 2017. This interview with Dr. Reta Beebe is being conducted at New Mexico State University for the Science Mission Directorate Oral History Project. The interviewer is Jennifer Ross-Nazzal, assisted by Sandra Johnson. Thanks again for sharing some time with us today. We certainly appreciate it and know you’re busy working on many other projects. I wanted to start by asking you about your interest in astronomy as a child. BEEBE: My background is strange in that I was a country girl, I lived out in the country. I went to a small school, actually a three-room school, for most of the time. My parents were displaced by the Dust Bowl problems, so my father worked mainly in construction and repair of farm buildings. He was a private contractor. My father was 54 when I was born, and in his younger days he had been a genuine cowboy who ranged the West. In those days, there were remittance men who were very well-educated misfit Easterners. Their family paid them to stay out West; that was why they were called remittance men. In the wintertime, because my father didn’t have a home to go home to, he frequently worked in what was called a line shack. Your major job was to keep track of the water, especially for the cattle. Frequently, his companion in one of these line shacks would be one of these well-educated people. 25 April 2017 NASA Science Mission Directorate Oral History Project Reta F. Beebe My father was what you would classify as a naturalist. He had a sixth grade education, but he had an amazing amount of information he had collected himself on anatomy and biology. So I grew up in a well-informed environment that was not identified at all as “science.” Of course, having lived out like that, he knew all the constellations and knew which planet was which, but I didn’t know that was science when I was growing up. The other side of my childhood was that we were not affluent. I was not a desirable companion for other people my age, especially as the mothers looked at it. So I didn’t get caught, in the period that I grew up, where the major ambition of a female was she was supposed to go to college, find an engineer, and have two and a half children. I was left alone to do my own thing. I started out in high school with a real interest in art, but I wasn’t arty so I had trouble fitting in. My second year of college I switched over to chemistry. I was going to teach school and paint on the isle of Mykonos [Greece] in the summer. I taught school for three years, but I never got to Mykonos, because I got involved in curriculum development. I actually had moved into teaching Earth science instead of chemistry. I was developing curriculum for eighth grade Earth science and decided I didn’t know enough so I went back to graduate school. Even though I was on leave from my junior high, I decided to stay put and continue working on a Ph.D. in astrophysics. It was the Earth science study that drew me in. I had married my senior year of college. My husband was a chemical engineer who had returned to become a teacher, and we both went back to graduate school together. We went through graduate school together, and we still haven’t divorced. 25 April 2017 2 NASA Science Mission Directorate Oral History Project Reta F. Beebe ROSS-NAZZAL: That seemed rather unusual to me, to see that the two of you were going to graduate school together. You were a female in an environment that probably didn’t have many other women. BEEBE: At the University of Indiana [Indiana University, Bloomington] there was a professor named Marshal [H.] Wrubel who had a lot of forward insight. One of his major interests was the application of computers into simulation and modeling in astronomy. He was really quite open- minded. The year that I went into graduate school there, they had installed a program of introductory astronomy that was actually being televised outward. The department had gotten several new assistantships. The faculty decided that they would grant some of these assistantships to essentially weirdos—looking for some originality—figuring if these people dropped out, then the following year they could refill these positions with some[one] that was more traditional. The one that my husband and I entered—both funded, which was really surprising—was this class where they were looking for something other than the standard. Quite a few of us survived. ROSS-NAZZAL: Were you the only woman that was selected as a TA [teaching assistant]? BEEBE: No, no. At that point in time they already had two females in [the department]. There was an attitude in that department of diversity you might say. That department also had Benjamin Franklin Peery, who at that time was the only black professional astronomer in the world, I think. Certainly in the U.S. I was lucky to get into Indiana University at that time. 25 April 2017 3 NASA Science Mission Directorate Oral History Project Reta F. Beebe ROSS-NAZZAL: What was the state of affairs in astrophysics at that time? What was the field like? BEEBE: We were pretty limited by computing. What was really interesting, though, was that the astronomy and physics students were already ahead of almost every other group of students on campus. There was a central computer which had quite a bit of capability. The astronomy and physics students were allowed to use it from midnight to 7:00 every night, so we essentially lived in the computer center and did quite a bit of modeling. ROSS-NAZZAL: So you had quite a bit of experience before you started working with modeling for NASA. BEEBE: Actually, as an undergraduate—I had a very fractured undergraduate. I went to Washburn University [Topeka, Kansas] my freshman year. Then I went to the Kansas City Art Institute [Missouri], and I thought maybe because I wasn’t really deeply into art that I was a misfit. Then I decided no, I’m a misfit. So I went to Kansas City University [Kansas] and started taking math and science. Then I came home to Colorado, to the University of Colorado [Boulder], and finished the degree in chemistry with education credits to teach. When [my husband] Herb [Herbert A. Beebe] and I decided we wanted to really go to graduate school, we needed to do some makeup [classes]. As a chemical engineer and a chemistry major, we didn’t have enough math and physics. So we went to the University of Idaho [Moscow] for two years, and that was great. 25 April 2017 4 NASA Science Mission Directorate Oral History Project Reta F. Beebe Our selection of the University of Idaho was based on three things. One, tuition was cheap. Two, they had really an excellent reputation of their undergraduate students going on to outstanding universities. And three, it wasn’t close to either one of our families so we wouldn’t be disrupted. We knew we were headed for a cram course if this was going to work. It was a great place to be for that. So we finished that and then went to graduate school. When I was at Idaho University, I actually took a class in computer science and then got a job working in the computer center there. By the time I started graduate school, my computer skills were considerably better than the other students. I actually worked programming for two of the different faculty members, because at that point in time the faculty members really weren’t that outstanding in computing—except for Marshal Wrubel. ROSS-NAZZAL: What was your dissertation on? BEEBE: A red giant, a star that has evolved to the point that the atmosphere has extended greatly. Most of my work had to do with identification of molecules in the atmosphere. These stars have gone through a process where they’ve generated heavy metals internally and then transported them to the atmosphere. Looking for wonderful things like zirconium and trying to figure out how to build an atmosphere that would predict the spectra that we were getting from Palomar [Observatory, California Institute of Technology, San Diego]. ROSS-NAZZAL: Sounds like an awful lot of work. BEEBE: No, it was fun. 25 April 2017 5 NASA Science Mission Directorate Oral History Project Reta F. Beebe ROSS-NAZZAL: Your husband came down here, as I understand it, and became a faculty member here, but there wasn’t enough space for both of you. You ended up working for Los Alamos [National Laboratory] for some time? BEEBE: As a graduate student I worked at Los Alamos. ROSS-NAZZAL: Oh, you did? BEEBE: Yes, summers. Because of the work that I was doing, I had experience in coding molecular formation and dissociation. So I was useful at Los Alamos in terms of interpreting atmospheric phenomena. After Herb came down here, I continued to work there. Then I started essentially consulting, because the computer I was working there was the same one we had here, so I could simply transfer my codes here. The university actually gave me office space and computer time to be able to continue my work down here.
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