Types of Inflorescence (Floral Structure)

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Types of Inflorescence (Floral structure) Spike - an elongate, unbranched, indeterminate inflorescence with sessile flowers. Spikelet - a small spike, characteristic of grasses and sedges. Raceme - an elongate, unbranched, indeterminate inflorescence with pedicelled flowers. Panicle - a branched raceme. Corymb - a flat-topped raceme with elongate pedicels reaching the same level. Compound Corymb - a branched corymb. Umbel - a flat-topped or rounded inflorescence with the pedicels originating from a common point. Umbels can be determinate or indeterminate. Compound Umbel - a branched umbel, with primary rays arising from a common point, and secondary umbels arising from the tip of the primary rays. Capitulum (or head) - a dense vertically compressed inflorescence with sessile flowers on a receptacle and subtended by an involucre of phyllaries, characteristic of the Asteraceae. Heads can be determinate or indeterminate. Thyrse - a many-flowered inflorescence with an indeterminate central axis and many opposite, lateral dichasia; a mixed inflorescence, with determinate and indeterminate shoots. Courtesy of The Northern Ontario Plant Database website http://www.northernontarioflora.ca/inflorescence_types.cfm Types of Inflorescence (Floral structure) Simple Cyme or Dichasium - a determinate inflorescence with 2 dichotomous lateral branches and pedicles of equal length. Compound Dichasium - a branched dichasium Compound Cyme - a determinate thyrse. Helicoid Cyme(or bostryx) - a determinate cyme in which the branches develop only on 1 side, due to the abortion of opposing paired bud, the inflorescence thus appearing simple. Cincinnus - a tight, modified helicoid cyme in which the pedicels are very short. Scorpioid Cyme(or rhipidium) - a zig-zag determinate cyme with branches developing alternately on opposite sides of the rachis, due to abortion of opposing paired bud. Courtesy of The Northern Ontario Plant Database website http://www.northernontarioflora.ca/inflorescence_types.cfm .

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Inflorescences
Inflorescences - Floral Displays Inflorescences - Floral Displays A shift from widely The vast majority of flowering plants spaced single flowers to an inflorescence required possess flowers in clusters called an condensation of shoots inflorescence. and the loss of the intervening leaves. These clusters facilitate pollination via a prominent visual display and more The simplest efficient pollen uptake and deposition. inflorescence type would thus be indeterminate with the oldest flowers at the base and the younger flowers progressively closer to the apical meristem of the shoot. = a raceme Raceme (Prunus or cherry) One modification of the basic raceme is to make it compound The panicle is essentially compound a series of attached racemes with the oldest racemes at the base and the youngest at the apex of the inflorescence. Panicle (Zigadenus or white camass) Raceme Panicle 1 A second modification of the basic raceme is to lose its pedicels The spike is usually associated with congested reduced flowers and often, but not always, with wind Pedicel loss pollination. wind pollinated Spike (Plantago or plantain) Raceme Spike A third modification of the basic raceme is to lose its internodes The spike is usually associated with congested reduced flowers and often, animal pollinated but not always, with wind Internode loss pollination. Umbel Spike (Combretum - Brent’s plants) Raceme 2 The umbel characterizes specific families (carrot and The umbel is found scattered in many other families ginseng families for example). as well. These families typically show a compound umbel - smaller umbellets on a larger umbel. Umbel Umbel (Cicuta or water hemlock) (Zizia or golden alexander) (Eriogonum or false buckwheat - family Polygonaceae) - Ben’s plants A fourth modification of the basic raceme is for the stem axis to form a head The head or capitulum characterizes specific families - most notably the Compositae or Asteraceae.
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Medicago Sativa L.)
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The Schoenus Spikelet: a Rhipidium? a Floral Ontogenetic Answer
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 23 | Issue 1 Article 15 2007 The choS enus Spikelet: a Rhipidium? A Floral Ontogenetic Answer Alexander Vrijdaghs Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium Paul Goetghebeur Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Erik Smets Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium Pieter Caris Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Plant Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Vrijdaghs, Alexander; Goetghebeur, Paul; Smets, Erik; and Caris, Pieter (2007) "The choeS nus Spikelet: a Rhipidium? A Floral Ontogenetic Answer," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 23: Iss. 1, Article 15. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol23/iss1/15 Aliso 23, pp. 204–209 ᭧ 2007, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden THE SCHOENUS SPIKELET: A RHIPIDIUM? A FLORAL ONTOGENETIC ANSWER ALEXANDER VRIJDAGHS,1,3 PAUL GOETGHEBEUR,2 ERIK SMETS,1 AND PIETER CARIS1 1Laboratory of Plant Systematics, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; 2Research Group Spermatophytes, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium 3Corresponding author ([email protected]) ABSTRACT The inflorescence unit of Schoenus nigricans and S. ferrugineus consists of a zigzag axis and distichously arranged bracts, each of which may or may not subtend a bisexual flower. Each flower seems to terminate a lateral axis. These features have led to a controversy about the nature of the inflorescence unit, particularly whether it is monopodial or sympodial. It was often seen as a pseu- dospikelet composed of a succession of lateral axes, each subtended by the prophyll of the previous axis, as in a rhipidium.
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