DOCSLIB.ORG

The Inheritance of Apospory in <Emphasis Type="Italic">

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Inheritance of Apospory in <Emphasis Type= THE INHER,ITANCE OF APOSPOR,¥ IN SCOLOPENDRI UM V ULGARE BY I. ANDEI~SSON-KOTT0 A~D A. E. C4AIICDNEI% Joh~t Innes Horticultu~'al Institution, Me,rton, Londo'Jb (With Plates VI-XII and Two Folders) TIt~ literature on apomixis and apospory is very extensive. Morpho- logical and taxonomic studies, and lately cytological and genetical work, have brought to light various important facts which have not only made possible extensive conclusions but have given rise to speculations in various directions. Among the more general questions which have arisen are those relating to the cause of apomixis and apospory, the relation of polyploidy to apomixis, the relation of polymorphism of plant genera to apomixis and apospory, or generally the part played by apomixis in evolution and species formation, and the alternation of generations. It is impossible here to go into the extensive literature on the subject, it will only be necessary to refer to the recent handbooks by l%osenberg (1930) and Schnarf (1929). It may be mentioned that, in addition to speculations on hybridism in itself as the cause of apomixis, whether on cytological (Winge, 1917) or comparative (Ernst, 1918) grounds, more definite views were expressed on t]zis subject by I~osenberg (1917), Whlkler (1920) and more especially by Hohngren (1919), and by l%osen- berg in his later work (1930); these authors were conscious of the possi- bility of a genetic factor for tendency to apomixis, and have expressed themselves to this effect. More recently Schnarf (1929) expresses himself in the following way: "Die Anlage zur kpomixis diirfte in vielen Fgllen schon vet der Kreuzung vorhanden gewesen sein, and diese dr'trite eher eine ausl6sende als eine unmittelbar hervorrufende gewesen sein." (J-ustafsson (1932) is more definite and considers in more detail the possibilities of the origin of new forms and of apomi~s as a dominant or recessive character in triploid Yfaraxaca and Ar&ie,ra~ia. The frequent loss of Nnctional sexuality or the occurrence of apomixis following on apospory made investigation on the cause of these pheno- mena diflicult. An exception is found in the classical experiments of Ostenfeld (1910), with partly aposporoas and apomictie Hieracia. From 190 I~ff~erita~ce of Apospory i~ Soolopendrium vulgate t;he cross between I~he sexllal Hie,rc~ci't~'m, a,~,~'iculc~ and the partly apo- sporous and. apomictie H. a,~t~'anticte~t'm as d, a polymorl?hic F 1 generation was obtained, the c? parent probably being a heterozygoge. The 291 plants gave rise to true-breeding races or were sterile. More recently, genegical and cytological facts bearing directly on the cause and inheritance of asyndesis phenomena have been furnished by Beadle and M.cCOlintock :for Zea 2l/ia,ys in a preliminary note (1928) and f.urgher reports by Beadle (I.930, 1933). These aut;hors found a l~tlendelian recessive gene for failure of synapsis of t~he meiotic chromosomes. Gowen (1.928) has also given fa,ots which show that l~here is a recessive gene in D,rosophilct which causes aberrane meiotic chromosome beha.viour, and Blakeslee (1928) also mentions a recessive gene in Da,tu~'a which prevents pairing of the chromosomes at reduction.. The same attthor (1930) reports on a peculiar race, the only one in a considerable collec{fion Dom I-Iungary, conta,ining a recessive gene which in the homozygous condition causes a doubling of file chronmsomes. Apparently when the doubling oecm's early in mierosporogenesis, twin nuclei are formed. In. bo~h. single and twin nuclei further doubling may take place, producing nuclei which may contain as many as 96 chromosomes, gkstrand (1932) found a gene for asyndesis of t~wo pairs of chromosomes in Horcleit,'m, and Bergman (1.935 b) in Leo~,todo~'~,, and probably in Hie~'cteiu¢'*~. Several more instances have been found by various authors where h'regularities at meiosis are chromosomally determined. The two events, apospory and apomixis, are not always sufficiently distinguished by writers on problems appertaining to these subjects. This is partly due to the close proximity in the life cycle of the angiosperms of the spore stage, where meiosis usually occurs, and the sexual stage, i.e. development of the egg cell on the 9 side and the generative nucleus on the c? side. In ferns the two sta.ges, the spore stage where meiosis occurs and the sexual stage, viz. developmen~ of egg cells and. spermato- zoi.ds~ are widely separated and thus more amenable to investigation of the processes occm'ring at either stage, and[ of the possible relations between such processes. Anoi~her favourable situation in ferns is the possibility of ohtaining several sporophytes from one gametophyte. The terminology of the processes involved in gamel~ophyte formation without preceding meiosis, and sporophyte formation without preceding fertilisation or fusion of cells, is used differently by different authors. The nomenclature used by l:~osenberg (1930) is probably accepted by most botanists at the present time. In the present paper we shall use t~he terms as defined below: I. ANDE:RSSON-KOTT0 AND A. E. GA]:R,DNER, 191 Apomixis denotes the substitution for sexual propagation, of an asexual form of propagation, without fusion of nuclei or cells, in contra- distinction to amphimixis, viz. propagation by sexual fusion. Apomixis then inclndes the formation of a sporophyte from an egg cell without fertilisation (parthenogenesis), and ghe apomic~ic development of sporo- phytes from any other cell of the gametophyge (apogamy). Apospory denotes gametophyte formation from a somatic cell of the sporophyte (somatic apospory) or from a spore mother cell without preceding reduction (generative apospory, which occurs for example in Lastra, ea strata). Spore formation without reduction has also been termed apomeiosis (l~enner, ]9].6). Apomixis and apogamy should be separated from nucellar embryony and the formation of adventitious embryos, since in the former alterna- tion of generations occurs, whereas the latter cases constitute methods of vegetative reproduction (similar to bulbil formation in ferns) without alternation of generations. In the present paper the term alternation of generations denotes the morphological Mternagion of gametophyte generation with sporophyte generation, as distinct from alternation of nuclear phases. Mo])]~ OF CULTURE The aposporous Scolo~)e'n,(~'riu~n sporophytes in these experiments are of very striking appearance. They are therefore for convenience called "pemdiars" (shortened to Fee. or pees.). Both Knop agar and soil were used as culture media. The former method has been pre~5ously described by Andersson-Kott5 (1923, 1929). In the experiments here referred to, most of the hybrids were obtained by sowing the spores of the female parent (9 P.) on Knop agar in Petri dishes. Gametophytes of these were isolated, each one into a separate Knop agar Petri dish. The crossing of two gamebophytes is facilitated by the fact that antheridia occur early and archegonia later in the de- velopment of the gametophyte. When, after some time, the archegonia were developed and ripe, and it was ascertained that no angheridia were ])resent on the prothallium, the dish was filled with Knop's solution and the smaller d prothMlia, reared for the purpose in a,no~her Petri dish, were introduced and left for some hours in the solution round the _~ pro- thallimn. The solution was then poured away and the (? prothallia removed. The hybrids appeared after some ~ime and were subsequently transferred to soil. The same isolation method was employed for self- fer~ilisation of single galnetophytes. Each gametophyte in this case was 192 Inhe~'~;ta~ce of A2)osl)o~'y in Scolopendrium vulggre kept' on agar and t'here setf-fertilised, and t'he sporophyt'es subsequent,ly I~rallsferred t'o soil. Alt,ernat'ively t'he gamei~ophyt'es, aft'er having been iso]at,ed for some t'ime on agar, were t'ransferred to soil, each one ill a sel?a,ra.t,e l?Ot,, where it, ral?idly increased in size and WaR self-fert'ilised by adding wat,er t'roln above. When it' was desired t~o have descendant's from one l?rot,hallium bot,h t'hrough self-ferl~ilisat,ion and eross-fertilisa, t,ion, t'he prot,hallium in question wan isolat'ed, and when of good size was divided, and the parts again iso]atted. The l?art,s when established were used respectively :for self- and eross-fer~ilisat'ion. The eeehnique of separa, t,ion of 9 and d' pa,rbs on t,he aposporous out,growt'hs of t,he peeuliars, necessary when one wishes to secure d' part's for use in crosses, is dimeultt. This of course does no~ apply t'o t'he gamettophyt,es raised from spores, where t'he early ant'heridial st'age can easily be used an cL The aposporous out,growt,hs of the peenliars have t,herefore most,ly been used an -9- in ~he crosses wi~h normal, t,he hybrids being reeognisable from the beginning, from t,he fact' ttha,t, normal is dtominan~ over peculiar. The peeuliars occasionally obtained a~ t,he same t,ime can safely be assumed t,o have rem~lt'ed from self-fer~ailisat,ion, since peeuliars when selfed are known to give peculiars again. When gameto- phyt, es carrying peculiar (half t,he number of gamegophyt'es arising from Sl?ores from the F 1 from normal x peculiar or reciprocally) are used an d' in crosser wieh normal, it is advisable t,o wai~ until the next' generation to be sure of the hybrid nature of t,he sporophyttes obt'ained, since some normal sporophytes might accident,ally have been obtained from selfing of 6he normal prot,hallimn used an 9; these should breed true, while t,he hybrids should segrega~se for normal/peculiar.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Reproductive Ecology of Heracleum Mantegazzianum
    4 Reproductive Ecology of Heracleum mantegazzianum IRENA PERGLOVÁ,1 JAN PERGL1 AND PETR PYS˘EK1,2 1Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Pru˚honice, Czech Republic; 2Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic Botanical creature stirs, seeking revenge (Genesis, 1971) Introduction Reproduction is the most important event in a plant’s life cycle (Crawley, 1997). This is especially true for monocarpic plants, which reproduce only once in their lifetime, as is the case of Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier. This species reproduces only by seed; reproduction by vegetative means has never been observed. As in other Apiaceae, H. mantegazzianum has unspecialized flowers, which are promiscuously pollinated by unspecialized pollinators. Many small, closely spaced flowers with exposed nectar make each insect visitor to the inflorescence a potential and probable pollinator (Bell, 1971). A list of insect taxa sampled on H. mantegazzianum (Grace and Nelson, 1981) shows that Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera and Hymenoptera are the most frequent visitors. Heracleum mantegazzianum has an andromonoecious sex habit, as has almost half of British Apiaceae (Lovett-Doust and Lovett-Doust, 1982); together with perfect (hermaphrodite) flowers, umbels bear a variable propor- tion of male (staminate) flowers. The species is considered to be self-compati- ble, which is a typical feature of Apiaceae (Bell, 1971), and protandrous (Grace and Nelson, 1981; Perglová et al., 2006). Protandry is a temporal sep- aration of male and female flowering phases, when stigmas become receptive after the dehiscence of anthers. It is common in umbellifers. Where dichogamy is known, 40% of umbellifers are usually protandrous, compared to only about 11% of all dicotyledons (Lovett-Doust and Lovett-Doust, 1982).
    [Show full text]
  • Invasive Weeds of the Appalachian Region
    $10 $10 PB1785 PB1785 Invasive Weeds Invasive Weeds of the of the Appalachian Appalachian Region Region i TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments……………………………………...i How to use this guide…………………………………ii IPM decision aid………………………………………..1 Invasive weeds Grasses …………………………………………..5 Broadleaves…………………………………….18 Vines………………………………………………35 Shrubs/trees……………………………………48 Parasitic plants………………………………..70 Herbicide chart………………………………………….72 Bibliography……………………………………………..73 Index………………………………………………………..76 AUTHORS Rebecca M. Koepke-Hill, Extension Assistant, The University of Tennessee Gregory R. Armel, Assistant Professor, Extension Specialist for Invasive Weeds, The University of Tennessee Robert J. Richardson, Assistant Professor and Extension Weed Specialist, North Caro- lina State University G. Neil Rhodes, Jr., Professor and Extension Weed Specialist, The University of Ten- nessee ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank all the individuals and organizations who have contributed their time, advice, financial support, and photos to the crea- tion of this guide. We would like to specifically thank the USDA, CSREES, and The Southern Region IPM Center for their extensive support of this pro- ject. COVER PHOTO CREDITS ii 1. Wavyleaf basketgrass - Geoffery Mason 2. Bamboo - Shawn Askew 3. Giant hogweed - Antonio DiTommaso 4. Japanese barberry - Leslie Merhoff 5. Mimosa - Becky Koepke-Hill 6. Periwinkle - Dan Tenaglia 7. Porcelainberry - Randy Prostak 8. Cogongrass - James Miller 9. Kudzu - Shawn Askew Photo credit note: Numbers in parenthesis following photo captions refer to the num- bered photographer list on the back cover. HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE Tabs: Blank tabs can be found at the top of each page. These can be custom- ized with pen or marker to best suit your method of organization. Examples: Infestation present On bordering land No concern Uncontrolled Treatment initiated Controlled Large infestation Medium infestation Small infestation Control Methods: Each mechanical control method is represented by an icon.
    [Show full text]
  • Ornamental Garden Plants of the Guianas Pt. 2
    Surinam (Pulle, 1906). 8. Gliricidia Kunth & Endlicher Unarmed, deciduous trees and shrubs. Leaves alternate, petiolate, odd-pinnate, 1- pinnate. Inflorescence an axillary, many-flowered raceme. Flowers papilionaceous; sepals united in a cupuliform, weakly 5-toothed tube; standard petal reflexed; keel incurved, the petals united. Stamens 10; 9 united by the filaments in a tube, 1 free. Fruit dehiscent, flat, narrow; seeds numerous. 1. Gliricidia sepium (Jacquin) Kunth ex Grisebach, Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften, Gottingen 7: 52 (1857). MADRE DE CACAO (Surinam); ACACIA DES ANTILLES (French Guiana). Tree to 9 m; branches hairy when young; poisonous. Leaves with 4-8 pairs of leaflets; leaflets elliptical, acuminate, often dark-spotted or -blotched beneath, to 7 x 3 (-4) cm. Inflorescence to 15 cm. Petals pale purplish-pink, c.1.2 cm; standard petal marked with yellow from middle to base. Fruit narrowly oblong, somewhat woody, to 15 x 1.2 cm; seeds up to 11 per fruit. Range: Mexico to South America. Grown as an ornamental in the Botanic Gardens, Georgetown, Guyana (Index Seminum, 1982) and in French Guiana (de Granville, 1985). Grown as a shade tree in Surinam (Ostendorf, 1962). In tropical America this species is often interplanted with coffee and cacao trees to shade them; it is recommended for intensified utilization as a fuelwood for the humid tropics (National Academy of Sciences, 1980; Little, 1983). 9. Pterocarpus Jacquin Unarmed, nearly evergreen trees, sometimes lianas. Leaves alternate, petiolate, odd- pinnate, 1-pinnate; leaflets alternate. Inflorescence an axillary or terminal panicle or raceme. Flowers papilionaceous; sepals united in an unequally 5-toothed tube; standard and wing petals crisped (wavy); keel petals free or nearly so.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Plants North Georgia
    Native Plants of North Georgia A photo guide for plant enthusiasts Mickey P. Cummings · The University of Georgia® · College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences · Cooperative Extension CONTENTS Plants in this guide are arranged by bloom time, and are listed alphabetically within each bloom period. Introduction ................................................................................3 Blood Root .........................................................................5 Common Cinquefoil ...........................................................5 Robin’s-Plantain ..................................................................6 Spring Beauty .....................................................................6 Star Chickweed ..................................................................7 Toothwort ..........................................................................7 Early AprilEarly Trout Lily .............................................................................8 Blue Cohosh .......................................................................9 Carolina Silverbell ...............................................................9 Common Blue Violet .........................................................10 Doll’s Eye, White Baneberry ...............................................10 Dutchman’s Breeches ........................................................11 Dwarf Crested Iris .............................................................11 False Solomon’s Seal .........................................................12
    [Show full text]
  • Milkweed Identification Guide
    Milkweeds of the Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains National Monument True Milkweeds Climbing Milkweeds 1. California Milkweed 8. Fringed Twinevine 2. Desert Milkweed 9. Hairy/Rambling Vine 3. Narrowleaf Milkweed Milkweed 4. Rush Milkweed 10. Utah Vine Milkweed 5. Tropical Milkweed 11. Wavy Leaf Twinevine 6. White-stemmed Milkweed 7. Woollypod Milkweed Apps for Milkweed Identification: South California Wildflowers by Wildflower Search Identification information provided by MonarchWatch.org and Calscape.org California Milkweed (Asclepias californica) • Flower: Umbels are pendulous. 10 +/- flowers per umbel. Color varies from a dull or bright pink to lavender. Wool like hair is everywhere, except on the flower head, but there is hair on the outside of the corolla lobe. No horns present. Corolla reflexes backward. Flower head is 1/3 – 1/2 in (8-10 mm) long. • Foliage: Thick stems and leaves are covered with dense hair. Stands erect to reclining. Leaf arrangement is opposite and attachment is sessile or has a short petiole. Mature plants have multiple stems. • Habitat: Flats, grassy slopes, and open woods. • Height: 36-48 in (91 ½ – 122 cm). Can grow in clumps up to 42 inches in width. • Leaves: Ovate, oblong to lanceolate. Approximately 2-7 in (5-18 cm) long and 1-3 in (2 ½ – 7 ½ cm) wide. Desert Milkweed (Asclepias erosa) • Flower: Color is white to yellow. Horns protrude from the hoods. The corolla folds back from the hoods after blossoming. Umbels stand erect with 20 +/- flowers. Thick peduncle. Flower is 1/8 in (5-6 mm) long. • Foliage: Color is dull if leaves are covered with a fine cream-colored hair, but can also be glabrous.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix A.2 Descriptive Inflorescence Terms
    Appendix A.2 Descriptive Inflorescence Terms Name and Shape Description Single Sometimes, there is only one flower on each stem, or the flowers are borne so far apart that they cannot be described as being part of the same flowering cluster. They are often large flowers, so do not need the support of other flowers to attract pollinators. Spike A Spike is a group of flowers arising from the main stem, without individual flower stalks (sessile). Raceme A Raceme is a flower spike where the flowers have stalks of equal length, and the tip of the stem continues to grow and produce more flowers. Flowers open from the bottom up. Panicle A Panicle is a branched raceme, each branch having a smaller raceme of flowers. The terminal bud of each branch continues to grow, producing more side shoots and more flowers. Cyme A Cyme is a group of flowers in which the end of each growing point produces a flower, so new growth comes from side shoots and the oldest flowers are at the top. Verticillaster A Verticillaster is a whorled inflorescence, where the flowers are borne in rings at intervals up the stem. The tip continues to grow, producing more whorls. This type of inflorescence is common in members of the Deadnettle/Mint Family (Lamiaceae). Corymb A Corymb is a flower cluster where all the flowers are at the same level, with flower stalks of different lengths, forming a flat-topped flower cluster. Umbel An Umbel is a flower head in which all the flower stalks are of the same length, so that the flower head is rounded like an umbrella.
    [Show full text]
  • Excentradenia, a New Genus of Malpighiaceae from South America
    Contr. Univ. Michisan Herb. 2I:29-36. 1997. EXCENTRADENIA, A NEW GENUS OF MALPIGHIACEAE FROM SOUTH AMERICA William R. Anderson University of Michigan Herbarium North University Building Ann Arbor. Michisan 48109-1057 When I describedHiraea propinqu.ain 1994| discussedthe problems created rn Hiraea by the inclusion of H. adenophora Sandwith and its relatives,but hesi- tated to segregatethat complex as a distinct genus (Anderson 1994,pp. I32-I33). Now I have come to the conclusionthat segregationis inevitable and desirable,so that Hiraea can return to the homogeneity that distinguished it before these spe- cieswere described. Excentradenia W. R. Anderson, gen. nov.-Tvpp.: Excentradeniaatlenophora (Sand- with) W. R. Anderson. Lianae lignosae. Lamina foliorum eglandulosavel margine glandulis parvis instructa, venis tertiariis scalariformibus;petiolus biglandulosus;stipulae parvae, triangulares,basi petioli vel caule juxta petiolum portatae, vel nullae. Inflorescen- tia axillaris racemus3-7 (-9) umbellarum 4-florarum; bracteaefloriferae eglandu- losae;pedunculus brevis vel nullus; 1 bracteola cujusqueparis eglandulosa,altera uniglandulifera glandulo versus centrum umbellae excentrico; pedicellus in ala- bastro circinatus. Sepala triangularia vel ovata, apice acuta revolutaque. Petala lutea, glabra. Stamina 10, omnia fertilia. Styli 3, stigmate introrso, apice dorsaliter truncati, apiculati, vel breviuncinati. Samaraeala lateralis membranacea,plerum- que subcircularis.apice usque ad nucem incisa, basi continua vel interdum usque ad nucem incisa,nuce
    [Show full text]
  • EXTENSION EC1257 Garden Terms: Reproductive Plant Morphology — Black/PMS 186 Seeds, Flowers, and Fruitsextension
    4 color EXTENSION EC1257 Garden Terms: Reproductive Plant Morphology — Black/PMS 186 Seeds, Flowers, and FruitsEXTENSION Anne Streich, Horticulture Educator Seeds Seed Formation Seeds are a plant reproductive structure, containing a Pollination is the transfer of pollen from an anther to a fertilized embryo in an arrestedBlack state of development, stigma. This may occur by wind or by pollinators. surrounded by a hard outer covering. They vary greatly Cross pollinated plants are fertilized with pollen in color, shape, size, and texture (Figure 1). Seeds are EXTENSION from other plants. dispersed by a variety of methods including animals, wind, and natural characteristics (puffball of dandelion, Self-pollinated plants are fertilized with pollen wings of maples, etc.). from their own fl owers. Fertilization is the union of the (male) sperm nucleus from the pollen grain and the (female) egg nucleus found in the ovary. If fertilization is successful, the ovule will develop into a seed and the ovary will develop into a fruit. Seed Characteristics Seed coats are the hard outer covering of seeds. They protect seed from diseases, insects and unfavorable environmental conditions. Water must be allowed through the seed coat for germination to occur. Endosperm is a food storage tissue found in seeds. It can be made up of proteins, carbohydrates, or fats. Embryos are immature plants in an arrested state of development. They will begin growth when Figure 1. A seed is a small embryonic plant enclosed in a environmental conditions are favorable. covering called the seed coat. Seeds vary in color, shape, size, and texture. Germination is the process in which seeds begin to grow.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Anatomy & Plant Parts
    Flower and Inflorescence Types What you need to know to identify plants Wildland Plant Identification REM 252 Flowers and Reproduction New Plant Flower Fruit/Seed Pollination Structure of Flowers Structure of Flowers PERFECT Flower = includes stamens (♂ or male) AND pistil (♀ or female) IMPERFECT Flower = has stamens (♂ or male) OR pistil (♀ or female) but not both Perfect Flowers Imperfect Flowers Monoecious - ♂ and ♀ flowers on SAME plant Dioecious - ♂ and ♀ flowers on SEPARATE plants Monoecious Dioecious Male Male Plant Female Male Female Female Plant Imperfect Flowers Monoecious - ♂ and ♀ flowers on SAME plant Dioecious - ♂ and ♀ flowers on SEPARATE plants Monoecious Dioecious Male Plant Male Female Female Plant Structure of Flowers Flower Inflorescence Structure of Flowers Inflorescence - Group of flowers Structure of Flowers Catkin = a dense spike or raceme with many small, usually naked, flowers. Cyme = a convex or flat-topped flower cluster with the central flower the first to open. A determinate inflorescence. Panicle Flowers attached to branching branches Raceme Flowers attached to main stalk with pedicels Spike Flowers connected directly to main stalk (not on panicle branches off main stem) * You do not need to memorize the terms pedicel or sessile Umbel All pedicles appx. same length connect to stalk at same location This is a compound umbel (umbel with umbels at the tips) Corymb Raceme with longer (uneven) pedicles at bottom of inflorescence Flowers appear to be at the same height Corymb = a simple racemose inflorescence that is flat-topped. An indeterminate inflorescence. Cyme Oldest flower in center. Younger flowers grow on outside with longer pedicles so flowers appear to be at the same height.
    [Show full text]
  • Contributions from the United States National Herbarium [Electronic
    LEIBERGIA, A NEW GENUS OF UMBELL1FEILE FROM THE COLUMBIA RIVER REGION. ISy John M. Coci/tkr and .1. N. Kose. part A of the material upon which this new genus is based has been in the National Herbarium a half dozen years, and is doubtless to be found in many of our herbaria, either undetermined or incorrectly named. The receipt of some excellent additional material from Mr. W. N. Suksdorf and an abundant supply from one of our field agents Mr. John U. Leiberg, gives the opportunity of separating what has appeared to us for some time to be a new genus. Leibergia, gen. nov. , Calyx teeth obsolete. Fruit flattened laterally, linear, beaked, glabrous; stylo- podium wanting. Carpels only slightly flattened dorsalJy, with five filiform ribs, (he two lateral a little more prominent and turned inward; oil tubes small, single in the intervals, two on the commissural side. Seed face broad, slightly concave, but when dry becoming more or less involute. Slender, glabrous, acaulescent plants from small globose tubers: leaves ternately divided intolong, filiform leaflets; umbels irregular; fruit subsessile; flowers white. The affinities of this genus are doubtful. It has much the habit of the bulbous Peucedanums of the Northwest, but the lateral flattening of the fruit and the absence of wings readily exclude it from that genus. Our plant is very closely allied to the two anomalous species, Pcucedanum ambigumn an.l P. leptocarpitm, which likewise have linear fruit with very narrow lateral wings, and is, perhaps, congeneric with them. The dorsal flattening of the fruit has hitherto been considered s"ich an important character that it seems best, at least for the present, to base our generic distinction on this difference rather than to include these two species in the new genus.
    [Show full text]
  • Emergent Flowering Plants, A-C – Pg.1
    Starflower Image Herbarium & Landscaping Pages Emergent Flowering Plants, A-C – pg.1 Starflower Image Herbarium Emergent Flowering Plants, A-C © Starflower Foundation, 1996-2007 Washington Native Plant Society These species pages has been valuable and loved for over a decade by WNPS members and the PNW plant community. Untouched since 2007, these pages have been archived for your reference. They contain valuable identifiable traits, landscaping information, and ethnobotanical uses. Species names and data will not be updated. To view updated taxonomical information, visit the UW Burke Herbarium Image Collection website at http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php. For other useful plant information, visit the Native Plants Directory at www.wnps.org. Compiled September 1, 2018 Starflower Image Herbarium & Landscaping Pages Emergent Flowering Plants, A-C – pg.2 Contents Achillea millefolium ................................................................................................................................................................ 4 Yarrow ................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Achlys triphylla ....................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Vanilla Leaf .........................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • SPECIES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE National Plant Monitoring Scheme SPECIES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE
    National Plant Monitoring Scheme SPECIES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE National Plant Monitoring Scheme SPECIES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE Contents White / Cream ................................ 2 Grasses ...................................... 130 Yellow ..........................................33 Rushes ....................................... 138 Red .............................................63 Sedges ....................................... 140 Pink ............................................66 Shrubs / Trees .............................. 148 Blue / Purple .................................83 Wood-rushes ................................ 154 Green / Brown ............................. 106 Indexes Aquatics ..................................... 118 Common name ............................. 155 Clubmosses ................................. 124 Scientific name ............................. 160 Ferns / Horsetails .......................... 125 Appendix .................................... 165 Key Traffic light system WF symbol R A G Species with the symbol G are For those recording at the generally easier to identify; Wildflower Level only. species with the symbol A may be harder to identify and additional information is provided, particularly on illustrations, to support you. Those with the symbol R may be confused with other species. In this instance distinguishing features are provided. Introduction This guide has been produced to help you identify the plants we would like you to record for the National Plant Monitoring Scheme. There is an index at
    [Show full text]