Making Quantum Technology Ready for Industry
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Quantum Chance Nicolas Gisin
Quantum Chance Nicolas Gisin Quantum Chance Nonlocality, Teleportation and Other Quantum Marvels Nicolas Gisin Department of Physics University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland ISBN 978-3-319-05472-8 ISBN 978-3-319-05473-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-05473-5 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014944813 Translated by Stephen Lyle L’impensable Hasard. Non-localité, téléportation et autres merveilles quantiques Original French edition published by © ODILE JACOB, Paris, 2012 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. -
Making Quantum Technology Ready for Industry
Brussels 28/29 March 2019 Making Quantum Technology ready for Industry Putting Science Into Standards (PSIS) Workshop on Quantum Technology CEN-CENELEC Management Centre Rue de la Science 23, 1040-Brussels www.cencenelec.eu www.ec.europa.eu/jrc/en #Standards4Quantum Workshop structure On 28th and 29th of March 2019, the Joint Research Centre and CEN/CENELEC hold at the CEN/ CENELEC Management Centre (CCMC) in rue de la Science 23, Brussels, a workshop titled Making Quantum Technology Ready for Industry. The workshop focuses on current standards and potential standardisation fields in quantum technologies and is organised with the support of the German Institute for Standardization (DIN) and DG CNECT, the host of the EU Quantum Flagship. In Europe, the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) has established an Industry Specification Group with a specific focus on quantum key distribution (QKD). At the international level, standardization is taking place within Joint Technical Committee 1 of ISO/IEC addressing among others cybersecurity and data protection. CEN and CENELEC have signed agreements with ISO and IEC through which common European and international standards can be developed in parallel, thereby avoiding duplication of work Since many quantum technology areas are advancing on the technology readiness level scale, it is important to prepare the field for standardization activities, helping to facilitate and accelerate market uptake of quantum technology. The workshop provides: 1. an overview of how standardization can be useful to the quantum innovation process; 2. what standardizers can do for the quantum science community. To contribute to the different pace in the main quantum areas, the workshop is divided in four technical sessions. -
Mathematical Languages Shape Our Understanding of Time in Physics Physics Is Formulated in Terms of Timeless, Axiomatic Mathematics
comment Corrected: Publisher Correction Mathematical languages shape our understanding of time in physics Physics is formulated in terms of timeless, axiomatic mathematics. A formulation on the basis of intuitionist mathematics, built on time-evolving processes, would ofer a perspective that is closer to our experience of physical reality. Nicolas Gisin n 1922 Albert Einstein, the physicist, met in Paris Henri Bergson, the philosopher. IThe two giants debated publicly about time and Einstein concluded with his famous statement: “There is no such thing as the time of the philosopher”. Around the same time, and equally dramatically, mathematicians were debating how to describe the continuum (Fig. 1). The famous German mathematician David Hilbert was promoting formalized mathematics, in which every real number with its infinite series of digits is a completed individual object. On the other side the Dutch mathematician, Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer, was defending the view that each point on the line should be represented as a never-ending process that develops in time, a view known as intuitionistic mathematics (Box 1). Although Brouwer was backed-up by a few well-known figures, like Hermann Weyl 1 and Kurt Gödel2, Hilbert and his supporters clearly won that second debate. Hence, time was expulsed from mathematics and mathematical objects Fig. 1 | Debating mathematicians. David Hilbert (left), supporter of axiomatic mathematics. L. E. J. came to be seen as existing in some Brouwer (right), proposer of intuitionist mathematics. Credit: Left: INTERFOTO / Alamy Stock Photo; idealized Platonistic world. right: reprinted with permission from ref. 18, Springer These two debates had a huge impact on physics. -
Curriculum Vitae Anton Zeilinger
Curriculum Vitae Anton Zeilinger Born on May 20th, 1945 in Ried/Innkreis, Austria Present addresses: Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information Austrian Academy of Sciences Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria [email protected] EDUCATION 1979 Habilitation, Vienna University of Technology 1971 Ph.D., University of Vienna, thesis on "Neutron Depolarization in Dysprosium Single Crystals" under Prof. H. Rauch 1963-1971 Study of Physics and Mathematics, University of Vienna 1963 Matura (School Leaving Examination), Bundesgymnasium Wien 13, Fichtnergasse 15, Vienna PROFESSIONAL CAREER 2013-present President, Austrian Academy of Sciences 2013-present Professor Emeritus, University of Vienna 2004-present Senior Scientist, IQOQI Vienna, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences 2004-2013 Director, IQOQI Vienna, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences 1999-2013 Professor of Experimental Physics, University of Vienna 1990-1999 Professor of Experimental Physics, University of Innsbruck 1988-1989 Professor of Physics (Lehrstuhlvertretung), Technical University Munich 1983-1990 Associate Professor, Vienna University of Technology 1981-1983 Associate Professor of Physics, M.I.T. (Visiting) 1979-1983 Assistant Professor, Atominstitut Vienna 1977-1978 Research Associate (Fulbright Fellow) at M.I.T. in the Neutron Diffraction Laboratory under Prof. C.G. Shull (Nobel Laureate 1994) 1972-1979 Research Assistant, Atominstitut Vienna with Professor Helmut -
Curriculum Vitae Serge Massar
Serge MASSAR Curriculum Vitae CURRICULUM VITAE SERGE MASSAR • PERSONAL INFORMATION Family name, First names: MASSAR, Serge Alexandre Researcher unique identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4381-2485 Nationality: Belgium and USA Date of birth: 11 February 1970 Marital status: Divorced, 3 children Languages: bilingual English-French, elements of Dutch URL for web site: http://liq.ulb.ac.be • EDUCATION 2003: Agrégation de l'enseignement supérieur, Université libre de Bruxelles: Title of thesis: Quantum information theory. 1995: Doctor in Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles with highest honours (« la plus grande distinction »). Promotor: Prof. R. Brout. Title of thesis: From vacuum fluctuations to radiation: pair creation in the presence of external electric fields, accelerated detectors, accelerated mirrors and black holes. 1991: Master in Physical Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles. With highest honours (« la plus grande distinction ») • CURRENT POSITION 2018-present: Professeur Ordinaire at Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium (permanent position) • PREVIOUS POSITIONS 2013-2018: Professeur at ULB, Belgium (permanent position) 2012-2013: Chargé de Cours at ULB, Belgium (permanent position) 2008-2012: Research Director of the F.R.S.-F.N.R.S at ULB, Belgium (permanent position) 2003-2008: Senior Research Associate of the F.R.S.-F.N.R.S at ULB, Belgium (permanent position) 1998-2003: Research Associate of the F.R.S.-F.N.R.S at ULB, Belgium (permanent position) 1997-1998: Postdoctoral Fellow, Utrecht University (Netherlands) 1995-1997: Postdoctoral Fellow, Tel Aviv University (Israel) 1991-1995: PhD Fellow, ULB (Belgium) • INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES 2004-present: Director of the “Laboratoire d’information quantique”, Physics Department, ULB 2016: Vice-President of the Physics Department, ULB, Belgium 2014-2015: President of the Physics Department, ULB, Belgium 2013: Vice-President of the Physics Department, ULB, Belgium 2011-2012: Member of the “Bureau Facultaire”, Science Faculty, ULB, Belgium • FELLOWSHIPS AND AWARDS 2012: STOC, Best paper award. -
Jahresbericht 2015
ÖSTERREICHISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN 2015 JAHRESBERICHT 2015 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS GELEITWORTE 4 VORWORT DES PRÄSIDENTEN 6 DER MENSCH IM MITTELPUNKT PANORAMA 12 DAS AKADEMIEJAHR IM RÜCKBLICK STIMME DER WISSENSCHAFT 26 DIE MITGLIEDER UND IHRE AKTIVITÄTEN IM FOKUS 50 NEUE KOMMISSIONEN GEGRÜNDET TRÄGER DER FORSCHUNG 56 HIGHLIGHTS AUS DEN FORSCHUNGSINSTITUTEN IM FOKUS 96 STÄRKUNG DER ARCHÄOLOGIE FÖRDERER VON TALENTEN 102 STIPENDIEN UND FÖRDERPROGRAMME IM FOKUS 112 FLÜCHTLINGE FÖRDERN, FLUCHT ERFORSCHEN ZAHLEN UND FAKTEN 118 DIE WICHTIGSTEN KENNZAHLEN IM ÜBERBLICK ABKÜRZUNGSVERZEICHNIS 130 3 GELEITWORT DES BUNDESPRÄSIDENTEN Auch im abgelaufenen Jahr war es mir möglich, an mehreren Veranstaltungen der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften teilzunehmen und mir von den vielfältigen Aktivitäten dieser wichtigen und traditionsreichen Institution selbst ein Bild zu machen. Zu den Highlights zählten zweifelsohne die Jahrestagung der World Academy of Sciences mit Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmern aus über 60 Ländern sowie – für mich persönlich – mein Besuch beim CeMM gemeinsam mit dem Staatspräsidenten der Italienischen Republik, Sergio Matarella. Darüber hinaus stellt der Start der Initiative „Genom Austria“, über die meine Frau den Ehrenschutz übernommen hat, ein wegweisendes Projekt dar, in dem ganz konkret die gesellschaftliche Bedeutung der modernen Genetik und ihrer Möglichkeiten untersucht werden soll. Exemplarisch wird damit die Foto: Ingo Pertramer Notwendigkeit aufgezeigt, die naturwissenschaftlich-technische Entwicklung mit der Öffentlichkeit zu diskutieren, Transparenz und Mündigkeit zu stärken und so eine auf Wissen gründende Partizipation an heutiger Spitzenforschung zu ermöglichen. Ich erwähne dieses Beispiel von „Genom Austria“ auch deshalb, weil an ihm deutlich wird, in welchem hohen Maße sich die Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften als Ort der Wissenschaft und als Ort des gesellschaftlichen Diskurses versteht. Dafür möchte ich allen Beteiligten danken. -
Violations of Locality and Free Choice Are Equivalent Resources in Bell Experiments
For published version see PNAS 118 (17) e2020569118 (2021) Violations of locality and free choice are equivalent resources in Bell experiments Pawel Blasiaka,b,1, Emmanuel M. Pothosb, James M. Yearsleyb, Christoph Gallusc, and Ewa Borsuka aInstitute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland; bCity, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, United Kingdom; cTechnische Hochschule Mittelhessen, D-35390 Gießen, Germany Bell inequalities rest on three fundamental assumptions: realism, lo- Surprisingly, nature violates Bell inequalities (8–15) which cality, and free choice, which lead to nontrivial constraints on cor- means that if the standard causal (or realist) picture is to be relations in very simple experiments. If we retain realism, then vio- maintained at least one of the remaining two assumptions, that lation of the inequalities implies that at least one of the remaining is locality or free choice, has to fail. It turns out that rejecting two assumptions must fail, which can have profound consequences just one of those two assumptions is always enough to explain for the causal explanation of the experiment. We investigate the ex- the observed correlations, while maintaining consistency with tent to which a given assumption needs to be relaxed for the other the causal structure imposed by the other. Either option poses to hold at all costs, based on the observation that a violation need a challenge to deep-rooted intuitions about reality, with a not occur on every experimental trial, even when describing corre- full range of viable positions open to serious philosophical lations violating Bell inequalities. How often this needs to be the dispute (16–18). -
Quant-Ph/0512168V1 20 Dec 2005 Uly M Fcus,Ntwiigfrenti,Btfor Ac- Sub- the Well, but Somewhat of Einstein, (Necessarily [2])
Can relativity be considered complete ? From Newtonian nonlocality to quantum nonlocality and beyond Nicolas Gisin Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland (Dated: October 31, 2018) We review the long history of nonlocality in physics with special emphasis on the conceptual breakthroughs over the last few years. For the first time it is possible to study ”nonlocality without signaling” from the outside, that is without all the quantum physics Hilbert space artillery. We emphasize that physics has always given a nonlocal description of Nature, except during a short 10 years gap. We note that the very concept of ”nonlocality without signaling” is totally foreign to the spirit of relativity, the only strictly local theory. PACS numbers: I. INTRODUCTION in his rejection of nonlocality! However, most physicists didn’t pay much attention to this aspect of Newtonian 100 years after Einstein miraculous year and 70 years physics. By lack of alternative, physics remained nonlo- after the EPR paper [1], I like to think that Einstein cal until about 1915 when Einstein introduced the world would have appreciated the somewhat provocative title to General Relativity. But let’s start ten years earlier, in of this contribution. However, Einstein would probably 1905. not have liked its conclusion. But who can doubt that relativity is incomplete? and likewise that quantum me- chanics is incomplete! Indeed, these are two scientific III. EINSTEIN, THE GREATEST theories and Science is nowhere near its end (as a matter MECHANICAL ENGINEER of fact, I do believe that there is no end [2]). Well, ac- tually, I am, of course, not writing for Einstein, but for In 1905 Einstein introduced three radically new the- those readers interested in a (necessarily somewhat sub- ories or models in physics. -
ROBERT J. SCHOELKOPF Yale University
ROBERT J. SCHOELKOPF Yale University Phone: (203) 432-4289 15 Prospect Street, #423 Becton Center Fax: (203) 432-4283 New Haven, CT 06520-8284 e-mail: [email protected] website: http://rsl.yale.edu/ PERSONAL U.S. Citizen. Married, two children. EDUCATION Princeton University, A. B. Physics, cum laude. 1986 California Institute of Technology, Ph.D., Physics. 1995 ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS Director of Yale Quantum Institute 2014 – present Sterling Professor of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University 2013- present William A. Norton Professor of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University 2009-2013 Co-Director of Yale Center for Microelectronic Materials and Structures 2006-2012 Associate Director, Yale Institute for Nanoscience and Quantum Engineering 2009 Professor of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University 2003-2008 Interim Department Chairman, Applied Physics, Yale University July-December 2012 Visiting Professor, University of New South Wales, Australia March-June 2008 Assistant Professor of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University July 1998-July 2003 Associate Research Scientist and Lecturer, January 1995-July 1998 Department of Applied Physics, Yale University Graduate Research Assistant, Physics, California Institute of Technology 1988-1994 Electrical/Cryogenic Engineer, Laboratory for High-Energy Astrophysics, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center 1986-1988 HONORS AND AWARDS Connecticut Medal of Science (The Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering) 2017 Elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences 2016 Elected to National Academy of Sciences 2015 Max Planck Forschungspreis 2014 Fritz London Memorial Prize 2014 John Stewart Bell Prize 2013 Yale Science and Engineering Association (YSEA) Award for Advancement 2010 of Basic and Applied Science Member of Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering 2009 APS Joseph F. -
Quantum Cryptography: Where Do We Stand?
Quantum Cryptography: where do we stand? Nicolas Gisin Group of Applied Physics University of Geneva - Switzerland In the last few years the world in which Quantum Cryptography evolves has deeply changed. On the one side the revelations of Snowden, though he said nothing really new, made the world more aware of the importance to protect sensitive data from all kinds of adversaries, including sometimes “friends”. On the other side, breakthroughs in quantum computation, in particular in superconducting qubits and surface-codes, made it possible that in 15 to 25 years there might be a quantum machine able to break today’s codes. This implies that in order to protect today’s data over a few decades, one has to act now and use some quantum-safe cryptography. Such a perspective is taken very seriously by the cryptography community who is looking for a quantum-safe alternative to today’s systems. Quantum-safe cryptography covers all cryptography systems that resist to quantum attacks. As in today’s cryptography, this covers both complexity-based protocols and provably secure systems. The first ones consists in merely replacing the problem on which RSA rests (i.e. factoring) by another problem claimed to be intractable both for classical and for quantum computers, as factoring was claimed to be intractable. This approach has the great advantage of being flexible, cost-effective and relatively similar to today’s approach, hence security experts don’t need to change much. But it has the great drawback that one is again betting on the unknown to secure our information-based society. -
Prizes 2012 Editor’S Note Inside Ian T
The Quantum Volume 7, Number 1 Times Second Half, 2012 Newsletter of the Topical Group s・p・e・c・i・a・l i・s・s・u・e on Quantum Information American Physical Society Prizes 2012 Editor’s Note Inside Ian T. Durham In what could be viewed as a watershed moment for p. 2 Nobel laureate profiles quantum information, foundations, and computation, this year’s Nobel Prize has been p. 5 FQXi large grant, “Physics of awarded to two of our field’s experimental pioneers: Serge Haroche of Collège de France and École Information” initial inquiry Normale Supérieure, both in Paris, and David (deadline January 16, 2013) Wineland of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Boulder, Colorado. In honor of both Serge and Dave, we have commissioned p. 6 FQXi honorees in quantum profiles on each from people who know them well, information both on a professional and a personal level. There were several other recent awards and recognitions given to members of the quantum p. 7 Letter from Incoming Chair information community including the addition of Daniel Lidar four APS fellows under the GQI banner and Rob Spekkens’ First Prize in the FQXi Essay Contest. We highlight those on subsequent pages and include p. 8 New APS GQI Fellows the latest FQXi Large Grant RFP which is specifically aimed at the physics of information. On a more practical note, this issue also p. 8 GQI Elections (deadline includes information on the current GQI election. January 17, 2013) Biographies and candidate statements for the Vice Chair and Member-at-Large positions begin on p. -
Non-Locality of Experimental Qutrit Pairs 2
Non-Locality of Experimental Qutrit Pairs C Bernhard†, B Bessire†, A Montina∗, M Pfaffhauser∗, A Stefanov†, S Wolf∗ † Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. ∗ Faculty of Informatics, USI Lugano, Switzerland. Abstract. The insight due to John Bell that the joint behavior of individually measured entangled quantum systems cannot be explained by shared information remains a mystery to this day. We describe an experiment, and its analysis, displaying non-locality of entangled qutrit pairs. The non-locality of such systems, as compared to qubit pairs, is of particular interest since it potentially opens the door for tests of bipartite non-local behavior independent of probabilistic Bell inequalities, but of deterministic nature. 1. Non-Locality in Theory ... The discovery of John Bell that nature was non-local and quantum physics cannot be embedded into a local realistic theory in which the outcomes of experiments are completely determined by values located where the experiment actually takes place, and no far-away variables, is profound. It probably poses more questions than it has solved: If shared classical information [4] as well as hidden communication [3] both fall short of explaining non-local correlations, what “mechanism” could possibly be behind this strange effect? What can we learn from Bell’s insight — and from the series of experiments carried out in the aftermath [18, 2, 28, 30] — about the nature of space and time? What can we conclude about free choices (randomness) and, more generally, the role of information in physics and in our understanding of natural laws? In fact, Bell’s theorem is an information-theoretic statement: It characterizes what kind of joint input-output behavior P (ab xy) | arXiv:1402.5026v1 [quant-ph] 20 Feb 2014 can in principle be explained by shared (classical) information R, i.e., is of the form r r PR(r)P (a x)P (b y) , r | | X and which cannot.