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·22 GEOLOGICAL PAPER 70-22 SURVEY OF CANADA DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, MINES AND RESOURCES MARINE CRETACEOUS BIOTIC PROVINCES AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF WESTERN AND ARCTIC CANADA: ILLUSTRATED BY A DETAILED STUDY OF AMMONITES J. A. Jeletzky Price, $2.00 1971 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA CANADA PAPER 70-22 MARINE CRETACEOUS BIOTIC PROVINCES AND PALEO­ GEOGRAPHY OF WESTERN AND ARCTIC CANADA: ILLUSTRATED BY A DETAILED STUDY OF AMMONITES J. A. Jeletzky DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, MINES AND RESOURCES © Crown Copyrights reserved Available by mail from Information Canada, Ottawa from the Geological Survey of Canada 601 Booth St., Ottawa and Information Canada bookshops in HALIFAX - 1735 Barrington Street MONTREAL - 1182 St. Catherine Street West OTTAWA - 171 Slater Street TORONTO - 221 Yonge Street WINNIPEG - 499 Portage Avenue VANCOUVER - 657 Granville Street or through your bookseller Price: $2.00 Catalogue No.M44-70-22 Price subject to change without notice Information Canada Ottawa 1970 - iii - CONTENTS Page Abstract.............................................................. v Introduction •••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••.•••••••••••• 1 Acknowledgments .•••.••••••••••••..••••••••.•.••.••••••••••••••••• 1 His torica1 remarks •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••• 3 Peculiarities and Limitations of pa1eobiotic work •••••••••••••••• 6 Biotic Provinces •••••••••••.•.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•• 10 North Pacific Province •••••••••••.•••.••••••••••••••••••.•••••••• 10 North Americlfn Boreal Province ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 12 Comparison of Cretaceous Ammonite Faunas of North Pacific and Boreal Provinces •••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 16 Berriasian Stage ••••••.••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 19 Valanginian Stage ••••.••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••• 20 Hauterivian Stage •.•••.••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 21 Barremian Stage •••••••••••...•.••••••.••••.•••••••.•••••••••••••• 22 Aptian Stage ••••••.•••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 24 Albian Stage ••••.•••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 25 Cenomanian Stage ••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 26 Turonian to lower Santonian Stages •••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••• 28 Upper Santonian ••••.•..•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 29 Lower Campanian .........••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 30 Upper Campanian ..•..•.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••• 31 Early lower Maestrichtian........................................ 32 Rates of generic turnover in North Pacific and Boreal Provinces.. 32 Paleogeographical implications •••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••• 34 Berriasian ••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 35 Valanginian •••••••••..••.•••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 38 Hauterivian and Barremian........................................ 38 The Neocomian Paleogeographical phase •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 40 Aptian •••••••••••••.•••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••• 40 Albian........................................................... 42 Cenomanian •••••••••.••.••••••..•.••••••••••••••..•••••••••••••••• 47 Turonian ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 49 Coniacian to mid-Santonian ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 54 Late Santonian •••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 60 Early Campanian ••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 62 Late Campanian and Maestrichtian ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 66 Wes tern Cordillera •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 66 Southern part of Western Interior ~egion •••••••••••••••••••• 68 Northern part of Western Interior "Region and Arctic Archipelago •••••.•••••••••••••• ;.......................... 73 Arctic seaways of the late Campanian and Maestrichtian time.. 73 General pattern and probable causes of transgressions and regressions.. 75 General causes of faunal differentiation ••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••• 76 References •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 79 Table 1. Berriasian Stage ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 19 2. Valanginian Stage •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 20 3. Hauterivian Stage •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 21 4. Barremian Stage •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 23 5. Aptian Stage •••.•••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••• 24 6. Albian Stage ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 25 7. Cenomanian Stage •••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 27 8. Upper Santonian •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 29 9. Lower Campanian I.' ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 30 10. Upper Campanian Substage ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 31 11. Early Lower Maestrichtian Substage ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 32 - iv - Page Illustrations Figure 1. Major outcrop areas of Cretaceous strata ••.••...•••••••••• 2 2. Biochronology and correlation of Lower Cretaceous rocks of the North Pacific and Boreal Biotic Provinces of Canada •.•••••.•••.•••....•••••••••••.••.••.••••••.•••••• 8 3. Biochronology and correlation of Upper Cretaceous rocks of the North Pacific and Boreal Biotic Provinces of Canada ••...••...•.•••••••..••••••..•.••••.••••.••••••••• 9 4. Comparison of the Cretaceous ammonite faunas of the North Pacific and North American Boreal Biotic Provinces •••••• 17 5. Berriasian paleogeography ..•••••.•.•••.•.•.•.••••••••.•••• 35 6. Mid- to late Valanginian paleogeography ••.••••...•••••.••• 37 7. Hauterivian and Barremian paleogeography •••••••••••.•..••• 39 8. Aptian paleogeography ••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••• 41 9. Late lower Albian paleogeography •••••.••..••••••..•••••••• 43 10. Late Albian paleogeography •.•••..••••••••••••.••.••••.•••• 46 11. Late Cenomanian paleogeography •••.••.••••••••.•••••••••••• 48 12. Early Turonian paleogeography •••••••••••••••••••••••••.••• 50 13. Late Turonian paleogeography •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 53 14. Coniacian and lower to mid-Santonian paleogeography •.••••• 55 15. Late Santonian paleogeography ••...•••••••••••••••••••••••• 61 16. Early Campanian paleogeography ••••••••••••••••••..•.•••••. 63 17. Early upper Campanian paleogeography ••••••••••••••••.••••• 65 18. Mid- upper Campanian paleogeography •••••••••••..•••••••••• 67 19. Late upper Campanian paleogeography .•••••••••.••••••••••.• 70 20. Early lower Maestrichtian paleogeography ••••.••••••••••••• 72 - v - ABSTRACT Two principal marine biotic provinces existed in Canada throughout the Cretaceous. Faunas of the first or North Pacific Biotic Province were closely related to those of Indo-Pacific, Tethyan and Andean provinces. How­ ever, they included some endemic species and genera, others in common with eastern Siberia, Japan, southeastern Alaska and western United States, and yet others in common with the Boreal Province. In Berriasian through Barremian time the North Pacific Biotic Prov­ ince was restricted to western Cordilleran and Peace River regions. Thereafter it was restricted to the western Cordilleran region. Marine faunas of North Pacific biotic province mostly include a great variety of ammonites,pelecypods and gastropods. TIlis is particularly true of its Hauterivian-Barremian and Santonian-Maestrichtian faunas. This faunal diversity was probably caused by relatively high water temperature of the Cretaceous seas of that province in Canada. The second, or North American Boreal Biotic Province is character­ ized by marine faunas closely similar with or almost identical to those of contemporary Boreal seas of northern Eurasia. In Berriasian to Barremian time this province was restricted to Canadian Arctic Archipelago, northern Yukon, and adjacent parts of Mackenzie District. In Albian time Boreal seas flooded considerable parts of the Canadian Western Interior Region, expanded right across North America, and coalesced with Tethyan seas of Mexican Gulf. This inland sea persisted at least until early Maestrichtian. Most marine Boreal Cretaceous faunas of Canada are characterized by lack of diversity and scarcity or absence of Tethyan faunal elements. They are mostly dominated by only a few molluscan species found in great abundance. This strong to extreme depauperation was probably caused by abundance of silt and clay particles in and relative coldness of water of the Canadian Boreal seas. During Cretaceous time the North Pacific and North American Boreal biotic provinces of Canada became increasingly isolated from each other because of gradual but drastic redistribution of land and sea. Endemisms of Berriasian to Aptian marine faunas of these provinces are strongly tempered by presence of numerous common species and genera reflecting the existence of at least two seaways connecting them. The Vanderhoof and Dawson City seaways connecting the Canadian west­ ern interior and Arctic seas with those of Canadian western Cordillera were permanently closed by Mid-Cretaceous (Aptian) orogeny. The ensuing absence of direct marine connections between these basins is reflected in an almost total dissimilarity of their Albian and Upper Cretaceous faunas. In late Upper Cretaceous the above discussed rearrangement of land and sea was followed by gradual but complete retreat of the sea from Canadian territory. This retreat was apparently concluded before the end of the early Maestrichtian. MARINE CRETACEOUS BIOTIC PROVINCES AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF WESTERN AND ARCTIC CANADA: ILLUSTRATED BY A DETAILED STUDY OF AMMONITES INTRODUCTION Cretaceous rocks are widespread in Western and Arctic Canada, including the Prairie
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  • A Review of Large Cretaceous Ornithopod Tracks, with Special Reference to Their Ichnotaxonomy

    A Review of Large Cretaceous Ornithopod Tracks, with Special Reference to Their Ichnotaxonomy

    bs_bs_banner Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 113, 721–736. With 5 figures A review of large Cretaceous ornithopod tracks, with special reference to their ichnotaxonomy MARTIN G. LOCKLEY1*, LIDA XING2, JEREMY A. F. LOCKWOOD3 and STUART POND3 1Dinosaur Trackers Research Group, University of Colorado at Denver, CB 172, PO Box 173364, Denver, CO 80217-3364, USA 2School of the Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China 3Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK Received 30 January 2014; revised 12 February 2014; accepted for publication 13 February 2014 Trackways of ornithopods are well-known from the Lower Cretaceous of Europe, North America, and East Asia. For historical reasons, most large ornithopod footprints are associated with the genus Iguanodon or, more generally, with the family Iguanodontidae. Moreover, this general category of footprints is considered to be sufficiently dominant at this time as to characterize a global Early Cretaceous biochron. However, six valid ornithopod ichnogenera have been named from the Cretaceous, including several that are represented by multiple ichnospecies: these are Amblydactylus (two ichnospecies); Caririchnium (four ichnospecies); Iguanodontipus, Ornithopodichnus originally named from Lower Cretaceous deposits and Hadrosauropodus (two ichnospecies); and Jiayinosauropus based on Upper Cretaceous tracks. It has recently been suggested that ornithopod ichnotaxonomy is oversplit and that Caririchnium is a senior subjective synonym of Hadrosauropodus and Amblydactylus is a senior subjective synonym of Iguanodontipus. Although it is agreed that many ornithopod tracks are difficult to differentiate, this proposed synonymy is questionable because it was not based on a detailed study of the holotypes, and did not consider all valid ornithopod ichnotaxa or the variation reported within the six named ichnogenera and 11 named ichnospecies reviewed here.
  • A Review of Vertebrate Track-Bearing Formations

    A Review of Vertebrate Track-Bearing Formations

    5 Lockley, M.G. & Lucas, S.G., eds., 2014, Fossil footprints of western North America: NMMNHS Bulletin 62 A REVIEW OF VERTEBRATE TRACK-BEARING FORMATIONS FROM THE MESOZOIC AND EARLIEST CENOZOIC OF WESTERN CANADA WITH A DESCRIPTION OF A NEW THEROPOD ICHNOSPECIES AND REASSIGNMENT OF AN AVIAN ICHNOGENUS RICHARD T. MCCREA1, LISA G. BUCKLEY1, A. GUY PLINT2, PHILIP J. CURRIE3, JAMES W. HAGGART4, CHARLES W. HELM1 AND S. GEORGE PEMBERTON5 1Peace Region Palaeontology Research Centre; Box 1540; Tumbler Ridge, British Columbia; V0C 2W0; CANADA; 2Department of Earth Sciences; University of Western Ontario; London, Ontario; N6A 5B7; CANADA; 3Department of Biological Sciences; University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; T6G 2E9; CANADA; 4Geological Survey of Canada; 1500-605 Robson Street; Vancouver, British Columbia; V6B 5J3; CANADA; 5Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; University of Alberta; Edmonton, Alberta; T6G 2E3; CANADA Abstract—The past quarter century has seen a marked increase in the recognition of fossil vertebrate tracksites in western Canada. Most of these finds were made in Alberta and British Columbia, but the Yukon Territory can lay claim to at least one tracksite and probably has the potential to yield more sites. The record of dinosaur tracks with skin impressions has increased dramatically, and is now represented by specimens of ankylosaurs, large ornithopods, small theropods and tyrannosauroids. Notable new finds include the first record of sauropods in Canada, evidence of herding behavior in ankylosaurs and the first pterosaur tracks in Canada. First discoveries of track specimens from several formations in western Canada include the Mountain Park Member of the Gates Formation in Alberta, and the Boulder Creek, Goodrich, Kaskapau, Cardium and Marshybank formations in northeastern British Columbia.
  • Paper 1983-1

    Paper 1983-1

    STRATIGRAPHY AND smInmmmy mms ON THE BULL- I(OUNTAIN-PEACE RIVERCANYON, CARBON CREEK AREA NORTHEASTERN BRITISH COLUMBIA (930/15, 16; 94B/1, 2) INTRODUCTION As the new District Geologist at Charlie lake, 1982 fieldwork was orientedtoward gaining a grasp of theregional and loc,slstratigraphy andsedimentology of thecoal-bearing sequences in the Northeast Coal- field. In thisregard I am indebted to Dave Gibsonand Con Stott of the GeologicalSurvey of Canada, Paul Cowley and NormanDuncan of Utah Mines Ltd.,and Charlie Williams of Gulf Canada ResourcesInc. for informative discussions. Fieldwork was concentrated in the area betweenBullhead Mountain on the east andPardonet Creek on the west (Fig.27). lhis areaincludes coal licences of Utah Mines Ltd.,Gulf Canada Resources Inc.., Shell Canada ResourcesLimited, andCinnabar Peak Mines Ltd.Recently published paperson the area includethose of Gibson(19781, St.ott and(Gibson (1980), andAnderson (1980). There are two coal-bearingformations in the area, theGething Formation of theBullhead Groupand theBickford Formation of thme Minnes ,:roup. The GethingFormation overlies the Bickford Formation and is sepsrated from it by the Cadomin Formation,which is variablypebbly sandstone to conglomerate (see stratigraphic column, Table 1). Regionallythe Cadomin Formation may rest on unitslower in the succession than the Bickford.According toStott (1973) this is due to an unconformitywhich progressivelytruncates underlying strata in a southwest-northeast direction. TABLE 1. SIWLIFIED STRATIGRPPHY OF THEMiNNES ANDBULLHEAD GROUPS (UPPERJWASSIC+CWER CRETACEOUS) IN THE BULLHEADMOUNTAIKPARDONET CREEK AREA BuIGething Formationlhead bal measures &CUD Cadomin Formation Pebblysandstone, quartzitic sandstone,conglomerate Mlnnes BickfordFormation Carbonaceousmeasures Grou p Monach FormtionFeldspathic sandstone, minor mounts of quartzite battle Peaks Formation Interbedded sandstone and shale bnteith Formatlon @per quartzites Lower greysandstones,, teldspathlc sandstones 93 ?he stratigraphy of thearea is notyet satisfactorily resolved (D.
  • The Valanginian to Aptian Stages - Current Definitions and Outstanding Problems

    The Valanginian to Aptian Stages - Current Definitions and Outstanding Problems

    © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at 4‘>3 Zitteliana 10 493-500 München, I. Juli 1983 ISSN 0373 9627 The Valanginian to Aptian stages - current definitions and outstanding problems Compiled by PETER FRANKLIN RAWSON») Willi 3 tables ABSTRACT Current definitions of the Valanginian to Aptian Stages are tion potential. The I’re-Albian Stages Working Croup is in­ reviewed and some of the outstanding problems outlined. Fi­ stigating study of selected sections in various parts of the nal recommendations on stage boundaries can be made only world to provide an integrated framework ol biostraligraphy after much more strat¡(graphical work has been completed, as and event stratigraphy. the eventual boundaries must have good international correla­ KURZFASSUNG Lin Überblick über die gängigen Definitionen der Stufen barsein. Die Prc-Albian Stagcs Working Group regt an, ms vom Valangin bis zum Apt wird gegeben und einige wichtige gewählte Profile in verschiedenen Peilen der Welt zu unterst! Probleme hervorgehoben. Lndgülligc Empfehlungen zu Stu­ ehen, um so den allgemeinen Rahmen liii eine Ncudelinition fengrenzen sind z. Zt. noch nicht möglich. Dazu sind noch der Stufen auf der Grundlage der Biostraligraphie und der weitere stratigraphische Untersuchungen erforderlich, denn Lvenl-Straiigraphic zu schaffen. die fcstzulcgendcn Grenzen müssen international korrelier­ I. INTRODUCTION This review has been compiled on behalf of the Prc-Albian boundaries and to improve the usage of stage names in re­ Stages Working Group of the Subcommission on Cretaceous gions away from stratotype sections." Stratigraphy. The primary role of the working group is to cla ­ Thus our fundamental philosophy is first to make objective rify, and to improve where necessary, the definition and correlations between regions and only then to redefine stages boundaries of the Valanginian to Aptian Stages.
  • BUILDING the FUTURE NOW

    BUILDING the FUTURE NOW

    CONFERENCE September 24 – September 28 Calgary, Alberta, Canada Book of Abstracts BUILDING the FUTURE NOW Abstracts Book Sponsored by http://www.internationalpipelineconference.com IPC is co-owned by ASME and CEPA 12th International Pipeline Conference September 24 – September 28, 2018 Calgary, Alberta, Canada BOOK OF ABSTRACTS Copyright © 2018 by ASME The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990 2 Copyright © 2018 by ASME - 2 - COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Book of Abstracts from papers accepted for presentation at the 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference (IPC2016) September 24-28, 2018 • Calgary, Alberta, Canada © 2018 ASME All rights reserved ASME shall not be responsible for statements or opinions advanced in papers or discussion at meetings of ASME or its Divisions or Sections, or printed in its publications (Statement from ASME By-Laws, 7.1.3). ASME Presenter Attendance Policy Papers not presented at the conference, by an author of the paper, will not be published in the official archival proceedings. It will also not be published in the ASME Digital Collection and may not be cited as a published paper. As such, the abstracts in this compilation do not represent the final abstracts of the official proceedings. Abstracts are provided courtesy of ASME. The content in this Abstract Book is for personal use only, and cannot be distributed without permission from ASME. Copyright © 2018 by ASME 3 - 3 - Welcome Welcome 2018 IPC CHAIR WELCOME MESSAGE On behalf of the International Pipeline Conference (IPC) Organizing Committee, we are excited to welcome you to IPC 2018 on September 24 – 28 in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.