The Alan-Kyr Coniacian–Campanian Section (Crimean Mountains): Biostratigraphy and Paleobiogeography Aspects V

Home , Marsupites

ISSN 0145-8752, Moscow University Geology Bulletin, 2016, Vol. 71, No. 3, pp. 217–233. © Allerton Press, Inc., 2016. Original Russian Text © V.N. Benyamovskiy, L.F. Kopaevich, 2016, published in Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, Seriya 4: Geologiya, 2016, No. 00000, pp. 00000–00000.

The Alan-Kyr Coniacian–Campanian Section (Crimean Mountains): Biostratigraphy and Paleobiogeography Aspects V. N. Benyamovskiya and L. F. Kopaevichb aGeological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky per. 7, Moscow, 119017 Russia bDepartment of Geology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia e-mail: [email protected] Received December 8, 2015

Abstract⎯This investigation continues the study of the Alan-Kyr reference section (Central Crimea, Belogorsk Region). The zoned age difference in the stratigraphic scheme of the Upper Cretaceous in the Eastern European Platform is considered according to benthic and planktonic foraminifers, as well as radiolarians in the Alan-Kyr section. This fact can be explained based on the suggestion that stratigraphically important taxa could have appeared in Crimea several million years earlier than on the platform, where they could migrate under the great global eustatic transgression in the Early Campanian. We also considered the influence of paleobiogeographic conditions on the taxonomic composition of the zoned foraminifer complexes, both benthic and planktonic.

Keywords: benthic and planktonic foraminifers, radiolarians, biostratigraphy, paleobiogeography, Alan-Kyr section, Crimea Mountain center, and Coniacian–Campanian DOI: 10.3103/S0145875216030042

INTRODUCTION material makes it possible to consider the important stratigraphy issues related to these two genera. This investigation continues the study of the Alan- Despite the high interest in Bolivinoides and Sten- Kyr Coniacian–Campanian section, which is located sioeina in the biostratigraphy of the Upper Santonian– near the Lechebnoe Settlement in the Belogorsk Maastrichtian, the thorough paleontological mono- Region of the Crimean Mountains (Fig. 1). The major graphic study of these genera remains at the level of the data on this section that were studied in the previous early 1960s in Russia, after the publication of the well- paper are as follows (Bragina et al., 2015). First, new known summarized data on the Upper Cretaceous biostratons (at the level of layers) were identified for the Mangyshlak (Vasilenko, 1961). first time in radiolarians and foraminifers. Secondly, biostratigraphic units identified by radiolarians and The investigation of Alan-Kyr Bolivinoides and planktonic foraminifers were traced in the adjacent Ak- Stensioeina populations by three-dimensional scan- Kaya section (Korchagin et al., 2012). Thirdly, Crimea ning microscopy (CamScan and Tescan 2300) with a was the subject for the first time of a comparison of BSE detector at high magnification made it possible to biostratigraphic units identified not only on the basis carry out a thorough and detailed morphological anal- of radiolarians and planktonic foraminifers, but also ysis of the sculptural features of the shell structure and first identified layers with benthic foraminifer com- shell porosity and to find their place in a systematic plexes. Some of the earlier results require further inter- row (Figs. 2, 3). Our investigations were based on the pretation and additional study. previous studies of the morphology and systematics of the genera (Vasilenko, 1961; Barr, 1966, 1967, 1970; Hiltermann, 1963; Koch, 1977; Petters, 1977; Geor- RESEARCH METHODS gescu et al., 2011). The data on the paleontology and biostratigraphy of Bolivinoides and Stensioeina. Two lower complexes New data on the development of benthic foraminifers in the Alan-Kyr section are of Bolivinoides Cushman, 1927 characterized by species of the Bolivinoides and Sten- V.P. Vasilenko (1961), who was the leading Russian sioeina genera with a better preservation relative to expert on the study of Late Cretaceous foraminifers, those in well-known sections of the Eastern European suggested that Upper Santonian B. strigillatus (Chap- Platform (EEP) and Mangyshlak (Fig. 2). The obtained man) with a rounded shape was an ancestral form to

217 218 BENYAMOVSKIY, KOPAEVICH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ) clay limestone and marl- ) clay 5 (13-2-18) (13-2-17) Samples (13-2-14) 12-5-13 12-5-8 12-5-7 12-5-6 12-5-5 12-5-2 (13-2-9) (13-2-5) (13-2-4) (13-2-3) (13-2-2) (13-2-1) 12-5-12(13-2-12) 12-5-11(13-2-11) 12-5-10 12-5-9(13-2-10) 12-5-4(13-2-8) (13-2-13) 12-5-14(13-2-15) 12-5-15(13-2-16) 12-5-3(13-2-8, 13-2-6) 12-5-3(13-2-8, Core

Not exposed Not Layers 5 4 3 2 1 20 m 16 12 8 4 0 @Разрез Алан-кыр на окраине пос. Лечебное Lechebnoe Lechebnoe Settl. ) siliceous limestone and marlstone with flint interlayers, ( flint interlayers, with marlstone and limestone siliceous ) 4

@Мал. Карасеевка

@Карасеевка Sea of Azov Sea Belogorsk 04812 km 04812 White Cliff White Feodosia ) siliceous limestone and ( marlstone, 3 Belogorsk Simferopol Bakhchisaray CRIMEA ) its position in the Mountains. Crimean b Black Sea ) limestone with flint nodules, ( ) flint concretions. 2 7 ) The Alan-Kyr section; ( section; ) The Alan-Kyr ) clay, ( ) clay, а 6 ( ) Limestone, ( ) Limestone, 1 Fig. 1. ( stone, ( stone,

MOSCOW UNIVERSITY GEOLOGY BULLETIN Vol. 71 No. 3 2016 THE ALAN-KYR CONIACIAN–CAMPANIAN SECTION 219

3 30 mk

30 mk 100 mk 1 30 mk 2 4

6 100 mk 7 100 mk 8 100 mk 5 100 mk

9 100 mk 30 mk 30 mk 10 11 12 100 mk

13 100 mk 100 mk 14 15 30 mk 18 16 100 mk 17 100 mk 100 mk

Fig. 2. Stensioeina and Bolivinoides in the Alan-Kyr section: (1–3) Stensioeina exsculpta (Reuss): (1) dorsal side, Alan-Kyr sample 12-5-2 (3); (2) ventral side, Alan-Kyr sample 12-5-3 (7); (3) profile, Alan-Kyr sample 12-5-3 (8). (4–6) Stensioeina gracilis (Brotzen): (4) dorsal side, Alan-Kyr sample 12-5-2 (4); (5) ventral side, Alan-Kyr sample 12-5-3 (9); (6) profile, Alan-Kyr sample 12-5-2 (5); (7–9) Stensioeina perfecta Koch: (7) dorsal side, Alan-Kyr sample 12-5-3 (12); (8) ventral side, Alan-Kyr sample 12-5-3 (13); (9) profile, Alan-Kyr sample 12-5-3 (14); (10, 11) Stensioeina pommerana Brotzen: (10) dorsal side, Alan-Kyr sample 12–5-8 (5); (11) ventral side, Alan-Kyr sample 12-5-8 (6); (12) Bolivinoides strigillatus (Chapman): general appearance, Alan-Kyr sample 12-5-2 (7 and 8); (13–15) Bolivinoides strigillatus (Chapman)–Bolivinoides сulvirensis Barr: (13) general appearance, Alan-Kyr sample 12-5-5(1); (14) side appearance, Alan-Kyr sample 12-5-2 (7); (15) general appearance, Alan-Kyr sample 12-5-5(1); (16–18) Bolivinoides сf. сulvirensis Barr: (16, 17) general appearance, Alan-Kyr samples 13-2-6 and 13-2-7 (1); (18) side appearance, Alan-Kyr sample 13-5-7 (2).

MOSCOW UNIVERSITY GEOLOGY BULLETIN Vol. 71 No. 3 2016 220 BENYAMOVSKIY, KOPAEVICH 8c Upper England 17b Southern Campanian, (Barr, 1966); 1966); (Barr, (Jones) Belarus, 17a 8a 1a (Akimets, 1961); Upper Campanian Upper representatives in the representatives Mangyshlak, 1b (Vasilenko,1961); (Vasilenko,1961); Upper Campanian Upper (Jones), playing a great role a great playing (Jones), B. decoratus Bolivinoides 3a B. decoratus lan-Kyr lan-Kyr m µ 200 Alan-Kyr, Alan-Kyr, sample 13-2-7 Barr Barr, and Barr, 3b m µ 100 100 Topotypes 2 Alan-Kyr, Alan-Kyr, B. culvirensis sample 13-2-7 B. cf. culvirensis B. cf. (FRG, Hannover, Lower Campanian) Lower (FRG, Hannover, After (Hiltermann, 1963): (Hiltermann, After B. stritgillatus-B. decoratus; 1966) (Barr, After al., 2011) and et (Georgesku B. culvirensis 9 m µ 100 100 (Chapman), Alan-Kyr, Alan-Kyr, sample 13-2-6 1b Barr Topotype Barr, 1966–1967 Barr, B. strigillatus 1a Barr Alan-Kyr section Alan-Kyr B. culvirensis 78 B. culvirensis Alan-Kyr, Alan-Kyr, sample 12-5-2 per Campanian in different regions. The place of the The regions. studied place Campanianper A in different B. culvirensis (Lower Campanian of Southern England)(Lower m µ 3 100 100 1b Alan-Kyr, Alan-Kyr, sample 12-5-2 (Chapman) – 1a m Holotype µ 100 100 2 Alan-Kyr, Alan-Kyr, sample 12-5-5 B. stritgillatus . 9 species that are most important in terms of stratigraphy: that are most species of stratigraphy: important in terms Bolivinoides Australia 7c FRG Lower Lower Campanian, (Koch, 1977); 1977); (Koch, 8 Bolivinoides (Chapman) (Kuepper, 1963); (Kuepper, Mangyshlak, 6b Upper Santonian, Santonian, Upper Upper Santonian Upper (Vasilenko, 1961); 1961); (Vasilenko, 87 6a 7a The three (Barr, (Barr, 1966); Upper Santonian, Southern England, topotypes B. strigillatus in the phylogeny and zonal stratigraphy of the Upper Santonian–Up of the Upper and stratigraphy zonal in the phylogeny of these three taxonomy Fig. 3.

MOSCOW UNIVERSITY GEOLOGY BULLETIN Vol. 71 No. 3 2016 THE ALAN-KYR CONIACIAN–CAMPANIAN SECTION 221 the Campanian species of B. decoratus (Jones) with a species of the new genus Elongateporeia based on the wedge-shaped shell. In 1963, H. Hiltermann, who was pore elongation on the surface of the chamber wall. the greatest Western European micropaleontologist, However, according to our investigation data, Bolivi- summed the research data of the taxonomy and phy- noides culvirensis in the Bolivinoides collection from logeny experts from different countries on Bolivinoides the Alan-Kyr section contains both elongated and oval and also made the conclusion that B. strigillatus was a dotted pores; thus, it can be referred to the genus predecessor of a phylogenetic branch of B. decorates; Bolivinoides (Fig. 4D). he noted that B. strigillatus was also an ancestor of Stratigraphic importance of Bolivinoides. It should Bolivinoides austinianus Cushman. The Campanian be noted that Bolivinoides species are markers in the branch of Bolivinoides characterized by a narrow zoned scales by benthic foraminifers of the Upper wedge-shaped shell originated from this species (Hil- Santonian–Maastrichtian part of the Upper Creta- termann, 1963). ceous in different regions of the Earth, in particular, in F. Barr (Barr, 1966, 1967) made a revision of Boliv- Western Europe; in England (Barr, 1966, 1967; inoides and described a new form, viz., Bolivinoides Swiecicki, 1980; Bailey et al., 1983; Wilkonson, 2000; culvirensis Barr, 1967, which took an intermediate Hampton et al., 2007), Belgium, the Netherlands, position between B. strigillatus (Chapman) and B. dec- Germany (Hiltermann and Koch, 1950; Koch, 1977; oratus (Jones). In his opinion, the new species is dif- Schulz et al., 1984), Austria (Kuepper, 1963; Wagreich, ferent from the ancestral form in a number of features: 2004), and also in Romania (Neagu, 1987), Western (1) its large size, (2) the well-pronounced elliptical Ukraine (Dubicka, 2012), European Russia and (rather than rounded) cross outline of the shell, (3) a Mangyshlak (Vasilenko, 1961; Naydin et al., 1984; trend to sharpness and elongation of the shell end, (4) the Benyamovskiy and Kopaevich, 2001; Naydin and widely contoured aperture surface of the shell, (5) a great Benyamovskiy, 2006; Benyamovskiy, 2008), in Libya number of hummocky rows (Bolivinoides hummocky (Barr, 1970), Egypt (Еl-Nady, 2006), Israel (Reiss, 1954), rows were given the name fistulas in the literature), New Jersey, United States (Petters, 1977), in Australia (6) fistulas are characterized by more remarkable (Edgell, 1954), and also in Trinidad (Beckman and ornamentation relative to that of the ancestor fistulas Koch, 1964) and deep-water drilling wells in the West- of Bolivinoides strigillatus (Figs. 2, 3). The compared ern Atlantic Region (Georgescu et al., 2011). species is different from its descendant Bolivinoides In addition, they play a major role in the identifica- decoratus in the following features: (1) its smaller size, tion of the Campanian lower boundary, which is the (2) a more elongated shell, and (3) a smaller number of primary challenge of the Upper Cretaceous stratigra- hummocky rows of fistulas: commonly three fistula phy. As an example, according to the data on reference rows for Bolivinoides culvirensis and four or five for sections in Germany (Bailey et al., 1984) and the Sus- Bolivinoides decoratus (Fig. 3). sex section in the Southern England that claim to be Scientists made the revision of Bolivinoides (Barr, the limit type of the Campanian lower boundary 1966; Georgescu et al., 2011) and added to the syn- (Hampton et al., 2007), the occurrence of Bolivinoides onymics of Bolivinoides culvirensis, whose forms were culvirensis Barr is related to the position of the Cam- categorized by H. Hiltermann as transitional forms panian lower boundary (Fig. 5). from B. strigillatus to B. decoratus (Hiltermann, 1963, p. 209, Pl. 1, Figs. 2, 3, 7–9). New data on the development of Stensioeina Brotzen, 1936. The study of Stensioeina species in the EEP and After F. Barr’s investigations, Bolivinoides сulvirensis Mangyshlak yielded the identification of the ontoge- as the ancestral form of B. decoratus was confirmed by netic and stratigraphic sequence of changes in its spe- the study of Bolivinoides based on the materials from the cies in the Turonian–Santonian range (Sadekov and Campanian and Santonian reference sections in Benyamovskiy, 2004; Benyamovskiy and Sadekov, England, West Germany, Romania, Western Ukraine, 2005, Benyamovskiy et al., 2010; Walaszczyk et al., and the United States (New Jersey) (Petters, 1977; 2013). This is similar to that identified in Northwest- Swiecicki, 1980; Bailey et al., 1984; Neagu, 1987; Hart ern Europe in the German cross sections (Косh, et al., 1989; Georgescu et al., 2011; Dubicka, 2012) (Fig. 4). 1977). However, in contrast to the German phyloge- It should be noted that culvirensis, which is a devel- netic development line of Stensioeina, the Russian opment stage of Bolivinoides, is short and covers the scheme was devoid of two segments, viz., Stensioeina lowest level of the Campanian. According to R. Petters perfecta Koch and S. gracilis Brotzen (Fig. 6). In the (Petters, 1977), the first occurrence of Bolivinoides Alan-Kyr section, these forms occur along with other culvirensis is noted at the very end of the Santonian, Stensioeina species, analogous to the German associa- along with the ancestral form of Bolivinoides strigillatus tion (ibidem). in the sediments that are transitional from the Santo- Hence, our collection contains all of the Stensioe- nian to the Campanian in drill hole 1 in the southern ina species that are used to identify the stage and sub- part of New Jersey (Fig. 4c). stage boundaries of the Turonian, Coniacian, and Let us study the proposal of M. Georgescu et al. Santonian in the European Paleobiogeographic (2011) to consider Bolivinoides culvirensis as one of Region (EPR).

MOSCOW UNIVERSITY GEOLOGY BULLETIN Vol. 71 No. 3 2016 222 BENYAMOVSKIY, KOPAEVICH

(b) (a) M. Y. Stages Zones Ranges B. paleocenicus B. decoratus giganteus B. peterssoni B. delicatulus curtus

Bolivinoides B. draco draco draco B. laevigatus B. delicatulus regularis Maestrichtian B. draco 69 @B. gagenteus B. granulatus (B. decoratus australis) B. miliaris 70 @B. laevigatus

B. granulatus primitivus B. delicatulus delicatulus B. draco miliar B. millaris B. decoratus @B. sidestrandensis 73 B. (cf.) austinanus B. decoratus decoratus B. decoratus

Сampanian B. culverensis B. pustulatus @B. praelaevigatus B. strigillatus 76 B. culverensis

B. strigillatus 78 Santonian (c) (d) strigillatusBolivinoides

(e) B. decoratus B. pustulatus B. culverensis B. strigillatus

Сampanian 25 µm 10 µm 1 2

Santonian

(f)

50 µm 10 µm 5 6 7 8

Fig. 4. Phylogenesis of Bolivinoides according to the ideas of different researchers (А–C), varieties of pore holes in different Boliv- inoides forms (D–F). The phylogenetic tree of the Bolivinoides genus: (А) (Hiltermann, 1963); (B, C) (Petters, 1977). Pore type: (D) B. strigillatus– B. culvirensis from sample 12-5-5, Alan-Kyr section, (E) B. ex gr. decoratus (Georgescu et al., 2011, p. 121, Table 2, Fig. 1–2), (F) Elangateporeia (Bolivinoides) culverensis (Georgescu et al., 2011, p. 121, t. 2, Fig. 5–8).

MOSCOW UNIVERSITY GEOLOGY BULLETIN Vol. 71 No. 3 2016 THE ALAN-KYR CONIACIAN–CAMPANIAN SECTION 223 (M) (M) (N) (M) (N) (N) (M)

(N) (M) (M) (M) (M) (N) (M) (M) & (N) sp. 2 (N) sp.1 (N) sp.1 increase

” & consistent , Lacianorhabdus (M) Lucianorhabdus comments Watznaueria britannica Watznaueria Watznaueria britannica Watznaueria & Calculites obscurus Calculites Stensioeina granulata perfecta Stensioeina granulata (M) Gavelinella cristata brotzeni Gavelinella (N) praepommerana “ Stensioeina exsculpta exsculpta Stensioeina exsculpta Bolivinoides strigillatus Bolivinoides Bolivinoides strigillatus Bolivinoides Arkhangelskiella cymbiformis Arkhangelskiella Stensioeina granulata incondita Stensioeina granulata Bolivinoides culverensis Bolivinoides crassus Cylindralithus Zeugrhabdotus Stensioeina exsculpta gracilis Stensioeina exsculpta parca Broinsonia parca Stensioeina pommerana Zeugrhabdotus S. Stensioeina exsculpta exsculpta Stensioeina exsculpta Tranolithys minimus Tranolithys FAD FAD LAD FAD LAD FAD inﬂux FAD maleformis FAD FAD (N) recovery poor Very FAD FAD LAD S. granulata incondita S. granulata FAD. FAD. obscurus Calculites maleformis FAD FAD FAD LAD LAD (local) LAD (local) cristata Gavelinella gracilis Stensioeina exculpata FAD FAD FAD LAD increase FAD FAD (local) FAD Microfaunal (M) andMicrofaunal Nannoﬂoral (N) SH 41 SH 51 SH 61 SH 71 SH 47 SH 73 SH 74 SH 75 SH 57 SH 67 SH 72 SH 40 SH 42 SH 43 SH 45 SH 46 SH 48 SH 49 SH 50 SH 52 SH 53 SH 55 SH 76 SH 77 SH 58 SH 59 SH 60 SH 62 SH 63 SH 65 SH 66 SH 68 SH 69 SH 70 SH 54 SH 56 SH 44 SH 64

Sample numbers meters

35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

BC A H G

Alt. Units Alt.

Micropal

UKB 16 UKB 15 UKB (pars) 14 UKB Trad. Zones Trad.

UC 13iii UC 13iii UC 13i UC (pars) 12 UC Nannostratigraphy

(c)

crofaunistic bioevents (Hampton et al., 2007). et (Hampton crofaunistic bioevents MID. SANT. LOWER CAMPANIAN (pars) CAMPANIAN LOWER SANTONIAN UPPER SANT. MID. Chronostratigraphy Echinocorys Echinocorys U. anglicus wint morphotype 1 Offaster pilula Echinocorys depressula Echinocorys Echinocorys s. elevata & Gallois, 2001) Mortimore, Wood Mortimore, Micraster Echinocorys scutata elevata Macrofossil comments

(after Mortimore, 1986; Mortimore, (after

Relativeley ﬂint-free beds ﬂint-free Relativeley Abudant in marls First rara Band of tectiformis and Marsupites morphotype 2 and var. Band of Marsupites of form Band of peaked Band of form of domed

E. stecriformis E. E. S. depressula S. E. Alt. Units Alt.

Macrofossil

anglicus anglicus zone

Uintacrinus socialis socialis Uintacrinus zone Offaster pilula pilula Offaster M. coranguinum M. zone Marsupites testudinarius testudinarius Marsupites zone Trad. Zones Trad. Uintacrinus disappear (Hancock and Gail, 1996); (b, c) geographic position of the Seaford the of position geographic c) (b, 1996); Gail, and (Hancock disappear & Gallois, 2001) Mortimore, Wood Mortimore, Litho-Marker Beds Litho-Marker

Hawks Brow Flint Brow Hawks Bukle Flint 1 Bukle Marl Flint Exceat Roedean Triple Marls Roedean Triple Pair Rottingdean Marl Saltdean Marl Rock Black as interpreted Marl (Rowe’s Brydoneby Rock) at Black Ovingdean Marl 3 Marl Bay Friar’s 2 Marl Bay Friar’s Flint 2 Bay Friar’s Flint 1 Bay Friar’s 1 Marl Bay Friar’s abundant inoceramids abundant inoceramids Flint Valley Sheepeote Marls Kemptown Marls Kemptown Marl Brighton Five Brighton

disrupted, slumped marls (Rowe’s upper strong upper ﬂint band)(Rowe’s (after Mortimore, 1986; Mortimore, (after (Rowe’s lower strong ﬂint band’) lower (Rowe’s

Graphic log Graphic

Heaven Brow Splash point bends point Splash Brow Heaven Old nore beds nore Old

Lithostratigraphy

NEWHAVEN CHALK FORMATION CHALK NEWHAVEN Ck SEAFORD meters 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 Marsupites testudinarius Marsupites Trunch Boregole Head Seaford d in the assumed limit type in the Southern England (b, c). Flamhorough Head Highlands Upper Cretaceos outcrop Palacogene igneousPalacogene rocks Culver- Well Pit Well Norfolk Whitecliff 100 km 100 Upper Cretaceous exposures Cretaceous Upper Isle of Wight the Campanian lower boundary, macro- and and the mi stratigraphic Campanian lower

(b)

ranges

Uintacrinus socialis Uintacrinus Marsupites Crinoid

U. anglicus

Mangy- shlak

parca

Nannoplankton

Broinsonia

Palaeomagnetism 33R 33N

testudinaris

ranges

coranguinum Uintacrinus socialis Uintacrinus

Offaster pilula Offaster

Marsupites Standatd Micraster

ranges

Uintacrinus socialis Uintacrinus Marsupites Crinoid

U. angl.

Texanites lonsdalei Texanites

ranges Submortoniceras

tequesquitense

Ammonite

Submortoni ceras Submortoni vanuxemi

(a)

CHALK

CHALK DESAU Formations

JONAH BURDITT

ranges

Central TexasCentral England socialis Uintacrinus Marsupites Crinoid

U. angl.

Wyoming

assMontana Kansas with crinoids with

Montana Montana

Mountana

U. S. states S. U. Colorado

ranges Uintacrinus socialis Uintacrinus Marsupites

Crinoid

zones leei III leei

choteauensis

basslieri

erdmani boundaryThe of the position Campanian lower criteria (а) an

Clioscaphites Ammonite Scaphites Desmoscaphites Desmoscaphites

United States United

Western interior Western dates 83.9 Ma 83.9

Radiometric

SANTONIAN CAMPANIAN (а) The boundary position sea lilies of the where Campanian lower the level by Fig. 5. Head section, Sussex, the Southern England, section, GSSP of suggested for Head

MOSCOW UNIVERSITY GEOLOGY BULLETIN Vol. 71 No. 3 2016 224 BENYAMOVSKIY, KOPAEVICH

Turonian–Campanian ontogenesis of Stensioeina within the Eastern European Platform, after

Stage (Benyamovskiy and Sadekov, 2005) with additions substage lower Campanian upper

S. gracilis Brotzen (Alan-Kyr, sample 12-5-3) S. perfecta Koch (Alan-Kyr, sample 12-5-3) middle

Santonian S. ncondita Koch lower

upper S. exsculpta (Reuss) middle S. emscherica Baryschnikova (akme) Coniacian lower

S. granulata granulata (Olbetz) S. emscherica Baryschnikova upper

S. praexsculpta (Keller)–S. granulata (Olbetz) S. laevigata (Akumetz)–S. emscherica (Barysh.) middle Turonian S. praexsculpta (Keller) S. laevigata Akumetz

Fig. 6. Stensoeina perfecta Koch and typical S. gracilis Brotz, the missing links in the Stensoeina development in the Eastern Europe.

MOSCOW UNIVERSITY GEOLOGY BULLETIN Vol. 71 No. 3 2016 THE ALAN-KYR CONIACIAN–CAMPANIAN SECTION 225 30 µ m

30 µm 200 µm Dorsal Ventral Proﬁle (sample 13-2-6) (sample 12-5-3) (sample 12-5-3) Anomalinoides insignis (Lipnik) (Alan-Kyr section)

10a 10b 10c Anomalina (Brotzenella) insignis (Lipnik) (Akimets, 1961; p. 161, Table 15, Figs. 10a–10c), Belarus, Campanian)

3a 3b 3c Cibicides (Anomalinoides) insignis (Lipnik) (Rauzer–Chernousova et al., 1963; p. 102, Table 11, Figs. 3a–10c), Dnieper–Donets Depression, Campanian)

10a 10b 10c Cibicides (Anomalinoides) insignis (Lipnik) (Linnik, 1979; p. 124, Table 46, Figs. 10a–10c), Dnieper–Donets, Konsk–Yalynsk, and Near-Black Sea depressions, Campanian)

5a 5b 5c Anomalina insignis (Lipnik) (Gorbenko, 1974; p. 45, Table 6, Figs. 4a–4c), Donbass, Lower Campanian)

Fig. 7. The Anomalinoides insignis (Lipnik) species marker, which is a readily and uniquely identified form.

MOSCOW UNIVERSITY GEOLOGY BULLETIN Vol. 71 No. 3 2016 226 BENYAMOVSKIY, KOPAEVICH Anomalinoides

)

Ufa. R Ufa. Emba R. Emba

zone Belaya R.

Ural–Embasalt–dome

Ural R. Ural boundary national ) the former

Kama R. Kama

Caspian Sea Caspian Syneclise

Volga R. Near-Caspian

) syneclises ( (biochores): and areas depressions;

Trough 3

Ulyanovsk–Saratov Ulyanovsk–Saratov Anteclise

Volga–Ural Moksha R. Tsna R. Tsna Don R.

Volga R.

прогиб and ( anteclises, ) shields Oka R. 2 in the and EPR east Crimean setting.

MOSCOW @Рязано-Саратовский Moscow N. Donets R. 0 200 400 km

Donbass ( ) EEP,

Syneclise

d l

Sea of Azov of Sea

Sea i Black

Voronezh h

S temirensis Cibicidoides Anteclise и

n Depression Dnieper–Donets a

i Dnieper R. Dnieper

Dnieper R. Dnieper n i a r k ) the boundary of current location of the Upper Cretaceous sediments (after Olferiev and Alekseev, 2005), ( and Alekseev, Olferiev (after sediments Cretaceous ) the of the boundary Upper location of current

U 6 ; (

Anomalinoides insignis Anomalinoides W. Dvina R. Sea Black

Depression

Pripyat Trough Near-Black Sea

Belarus Belarus Anteclise 12345678 ) the location of the Alan-Kyr reference section. reference of the Alan-Kyr ) the location 8

Dniester R. Cibicidoides temirensis ) Syneclise 5

, ( Biochoremas (biochores) (biochores) Biochoremas Polish–Lithuanian Polish–Lithuanian Fig. 8. ( The boundaries structures al., 1986): of the et EEP tectonic Naydin (after insignis ( of the USSR,

MOSCOW UNIVERSITY GEOLOGY BULLETIN Vol. 71 No. 3 2016 THE ALAN-KYR CONIACIAN–CAMPANIAN SECTION 227

Stensioeina is particularly important in the desig- A.S. Alekseev (2003) noted Brotzenella insignis (Lipnik) nation of substages of the Santonian stage. In Russia, it in the layers with Stensoeina pommerana, which are is commonly subdivided into two substages, while the transitional from the Santonian to the Campanian. In international scale assumes the three-member division addition to the above-mentioned forms, the sediments of the Santonian (Нampton et al., 2006; Gradstein of the considered range in the Alan-Kyr section contain et al., 2012, Chapter 27; Stratigraphy…, 2013). species such as Spiroplectammina lingua Akimetz and According to the data on the Seaford Head refer- Pseudovalvulineria dainae (Mjatliuk), Heterostomella ence section, Sussex, in Southern England, Stensioe- praefoveolata Mjatl., Gaudryina rugosa (d’Orbigny), ina granulata (Olbertz) disappears in the roof of the Plectina convergens Keller, Heterostomella aff. gracilis Coniacian sediments. The Middle Santonian top is Hofker, and Neoflabellina rugosa (d’Orbigny). These characterized by the occurrence of Stensioeina perfecta characterize the Campanian sediments in different Koch (Нampton et al., 2007). The lower boundary of EPR regions and are not known in the Santonian the Santonian upper substage is marked by S. gracilis (Akimets, 1961; Vasilenko, 1961; Grigyalis et al., 1974, Brotzen (Fig. 5). These data can be used for subdivi- 1980; Naydin et al., 1984; Schönfeld, 1990; Kopaevich sion of the Crimean sections. et al., 1999; Benyamovskiy and Kopaevich, 2001; Gawor–Biedova, 1992; Benyamovskiy, 2008). Stratigraphic collision. Benthic foraminifers are observed from the sixteen-meter mark from the start This age difference of biostratons is likely related to of the Alan-Kyr section foot. The sequence of biostra- the range of time for the appearance and development tons in the layer range was given in a previous paper: of these forms in the Crimean Basin and in the EEP with Bolivinoides strigillatus with a presumably Santo- sections. These appeared earlier in Crimea, in the pre- nian age and with Stensioeina pommerana–Anomali- Campanian time. It is known that Pseudogavelinella noides insignis with an age that is estimated at the Late clementiana (d’Orbigny), which is a zoned form of the Santonian–start of the Early Campanian. Based on the Lower Campanian in EEP (Olferiev and Alekseev, foraminifer and radiolarian data, the age of these sedi- 2003, 2005), appears in Crimea for the first time in the ments is most likely Late Santonian (Globotruncanita sediments with Marsupites testudinarius Schlotheim, elevаta zone) (Coccioni and Premoli Silva, 2015). whose presence is indicative of the Late Santonian (Maslakova, 1959, p. 62, Table 4). In the Early Cam- The Bolivinoides strigillatus zone was proposed for panian, the above-mentioned forms could migrate to the first time by W. Koch in 1977 in the Upper Creta- the north to the EEP basin during the major eustatic ceous reference sections in Germany, which was dated Early Campanian transgression, which is known in at the Late Santonian–Early Campanian (Koch, Western Europe as the pilula-transgression, which 1977). Its geological age can be reliably estimated by occurred 85–83 million years ago (Naydin, 1995). macrofaunistic data and is closely related to the Upper Santonian and Lower Campanian zones according to Planktonic foraminifers. The data on planktonic orthostratigraphic groups of echinoderms and belem- foraminifers obtained at the level of samples 13-2-13 nites. The considered zone was calibrated by the Upper and 12-5-13 (Bragina et al., 2016) are indicative of Santonian Uintacrinus/granulata and Marsupites testu- species that are both typical of the Coniacian–Santo- dinarius zones, as well as by the sequence of the Lower nian sediments and close to the Santonian–Campanian Campanian granulata/quadrata, lingua/quadrata, and boundary (Figs. 9, 10). These are confirmed by the pres- pilula zones (Koch, 1977, p. 12, Table 2). Later, a zone of ence of more ancient Marginotruncana pseudolinneiana the same age was traced in the east of the EPR, in the Pessagno, Archaeoglobigerina cretacea (d’Orbigny), Con- EEP and Mangyshlak (Naydin et al., 1984; Kopaevich cavatotruncana concavata (Brotzen), Marginotruncana et al., 1999; Benyamovskiy and Kopaevich, 2001). renzi (Gandolfi), Globotruncana bulloides Vogler, Glo- (Brotzen), and Along with the stratigraphically botruncanita elevatа Globotruncana B. strigillatus rca (Cushman). The occurrence of the first represen- important species (Lipnik) a Anomalinoides insignis tatives of the genus and zoned occurs. The occurrence of can serve as a basis Globotruncana Glo- insignis (Brotzen) species marker is indic- for inclusion of the host sediments to the area with this botruncanita elevatа ative of the Late Santonian age of the host sediments. type of marker. This form is readily and uniquely iden- An analogous position is occupied by this zone in the tified. It is biconvex and has lump-shaped bulges from schemes published for the Italian sections in 2015 both sides that close the initial chambers on the dorsal (Coccionni and Premoli Silva, 2015). The side and the umbonal field on the ventral side; it is Globotrun- (Cushman) species appears at the level of characterized by bulging interchamber seams and a cana arca sample 12-2-14 somewhat higher and is confined to macroporous wall (Fig. 7). The Anomalinoides insignis simultaneous dramatic decrease in representatives of zone plays an important role in the scheme of the large flat in the planktonic foramin- western part of the EEP (Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Marginotruncana ifer complexes. and the southwest of the Bryansk Region). In this part of the EEP it corresponds to the Lower Campanian It can be suggested that the Campanian stage starts (Grigyalis et al., 1974, 1980; Olferiev, Kopaevich, and from this level (Bragina et al., 2016), but in the Italian Osipova, 1990; Atlas…, 1998). A.G. Olferiev and sections the Santonian and Campanian boundary is

MOSCOW UNIVERSITY GEOLOGY BULLETIN Vol. 71 No. 3 2016 228 BENYAMOVSKIY, KOPAEVICH

1a 1b 1c

2a 2b 2c

3a 3b 3c

Fig. 9. Planktonic foraminifers in the Alan-Kyr section. (а) Dorsal side, (b) peripheral edge, and (c) ventral side. (1а–1c) Marginotruncana pseudolinneiana Pessagno, sample 13-2-6, Upper Santonian; (2а–2c) Archaeoglobigerina cretacea (d’Orbigny), sample 13-1-1, Upper Coniacian; (3а–3c) Marginotruncana coronata (Bolli), sample 13-2-6, Upper Santonian. Measuring rule, 250 μm.

MOSCOW UNIVERSITY GEOLOGY BULLETIN Vol. 71 No. 3 2016 THE ALAN-KYR CONIACIAN–CAMPANIAN SECTION 229 drawn along the Chron C34n/Chron C33r boundary, and Ukraine (Grigyalis et al., 1974, 1980; Atlas…, 1988), as well as at the level devoid of Dicarinella asymetrica or, along with Stensioeina pommerana (Brotzen), acts as (Sigal) (Coccioni and Premoli Silva, 2015, Pl. 1). In a species marker of Upper Santonian–Lower Campa- the Italian sections, the Globotruncana arca (Cush- nian layers (Belogorsk Region of Central Crimea) man) species is present in the Santonian sediments (Bragina et al., 2016), or is regarded as a characteristic below the C33r chron and the level devoid of Dicari- species in the Lower Campanian community with nella asymetrica (Sigal). In addition, the Campanian Cibicidoides temirensis and Bolivinoides decoratus in sediments are assumed to have a rich complex of the Unecha Formation in the southwest of the Bry- planktonic foraminifers, such as Globotruncana neotri- ansk Region and Novgorod–Seversk district of the carinata Petrizzo, Globotruncanita atlantica (Caron), Sumy Region in Ukraine (Olferiev et al., 1990). Pseudoguembelina costulata Cushman, Contusotrun- This species has not been identified in the Upper cana patelliformis (Gandolfi), Contusotruncana plum- Santonian–Lower Campanian sediments in the merae (Gandolfi), and Ventilabrella glabrata Cushman. remaining part of the EEP (Voronezh Anteclise, These species are still accompanied by the Middle Turo- Ryazan–Saratov and Ulyanovsk–Saratov troughs); nian–Santonian forms, such as Marginotruncana thus, it is absent in the zoned complexes of benthic pseudolinneiana Pessagno and Marginotruncana coro- foraminifers in this stratigraphic range (Olferiev and nata (Bolli). Alekseev, 2003, 2005). Hence, the position of the Santonian–Campanian Hence, two biochoremas (biochores) were evi- boundary in the Alan-Kyr section has not been identi- dently formed in the EEP in the Early Campanian. fied as yet. This section should be subject to additional The first biochorema was formed in the EEP east and studies involving magnetostratigraphic investigations in the Crimean setting, which corresponds to the area and detection of the Dicarinella asymetrica (Sigal) spe- of the Anomalinoides insignis taxon, which is used as a cies, other planktonic forms, and macrofauna. (The species marker of the Lower Campanian biostratons. absence of macrofaunistic data on the Italian sections The second biochorema (biochore) Cibicidoides temi- make some of the stratigraphic positions of the authors rensis covers the remaining area of the EEP and adja- somewhat vulnerable). This would considerably advance cent Mangyshlak, where Anomalinoides insignis is our ideas of the position of the Santonian and Campan- absent in the sedimentary deposits, while abundant ian boundary in Crimea, which are currently based Сibicidoides temirensis serves here as a species marker largely on the disappearance of the sea lily Marsupites of the Lower Campanian zone (Fig. 8) testudinarius Schlotheim from the sections (GTST…, 2012, p. 805; Kopaevich, 2010), but it is clearly not The Biochorema (biochore) of the Stensioeina per- enough (Wagreich et al., 2015). These data could also fecta Koch species, which is characterized by a roughly help to clarify the age of layers by radiolarians, thus EW trend, corresponds to the Central European Sub- providing them with a more reliable stratigraphic sta- province of the EPR in Christensen’s paleobiogeo- tus and increasing their correlation potential. graphic zoning scheme (Christensen, 1990), which was used by the authors of the “Explanatory Note to Paleogeography data. If previously we could only the EEP Upper Cretaceous Stratigraphic Scheme” outline the paleobiogeographic relationships, now, by (Olferiev and Alekseev, 2005, p. 38, Fig. 2). In the tracing the areas of Anomalinoides insignis (Lipnik) north, it is replaced by the Central Russian Subprov- and Stensioeina perfecta Koch we can make additions ince, where, as mentioned above, no Stensioeina per- to the paleobiogeographic zoning schemes of benthic fecta has been identified. This zoning is based on the foraminifers for the EPR in the Late Santonian and belemnite distribution areas and belemnite migrations Early Campanian. Let us consider the relationship in the Late Cretaceous in Europe (Сhristensen, 1997). between biochoremas (biochores) Anomalinoides The Central European Province was characterized by insignis and Cibicidoides temirensis Vassilenko and an abundance of Bolivinoides species, in particular zoogeographic boundaries of the biostratons by ben- B. strigillatus, in the Late Santonian–Early Campan- thic foraminifers in different parts of the EPR in the ian and transitional forms from B. strigillatus to B. сf. Late Santonian–Early Campanian (Fig. 8) culvirensis, B. culvirensis in the Early Campanian. The Biochorema (biochore) of the Anomalinoides insignis abundance of B. strigillatus and transitional forms species covered the areas of the EEP tectonic struc- from B. strigillatus to B. culvirensis, and also B. сf. cul- tures such as the eastern part of the Polish–Lithuanian virensis characterizes the materials from the Alan-Kyr syncline, Pripyat Trough, Dnieper–Donets and Black section. These data confirm the idea that Crimea was Sea depressions, and Seversk–Donets margin of Don- a part of the Central European Subprovince. bass, where this form was endemic. The area of the The formation of a more depleted complex of considered biochorema (biochore) also included the planktonic foraminifers in the Alan-Kyr section is Belogorsk Region of Central Crimea. This region is likely related to its more northern position relative to the area where the above-mentioned endemic acts the Italian thetic sections. Moreover, we should note either as a species marker of the cognominal zone the hardness of the studied highly silicified rocks, insignis of the Lower Campanian (Lithuania, Belarus, which we occasionally had to disintegrate by dissolv-

MOSCOW UNIVERSITY GEOLOGY BULLETIN Vol. 71 No. 3 2016 230 BENYAMOVSKIY, KOPAEVICH

1a 1b1c 2b

2c 3a 3b 2a

3c 4a 4b 4c

5a 5b 5c

Fig. 10. Planktonic foraminifers in the Alan-Kyr section. (1а–1c) Globotruncanita elevata (Brotzen), sample 13-2-13, upper part of the Upper Santonian; (2а–2c) Globotruncana arca (Cushman), sample 13-2-15. Lower Campanian; (3а–3c) Contusotruncana fornicata (Plummer), sample 13-2-12, Upper Santo- nian; (4а–4c) Globotruncana bulloides Vogler, sample 13-2-12, Upper Santonian; (5а–5c) Concavatotruncana concavata (Brot- zen), sample 13-2-12, Upper Santonian. Measuring rule, 150 μm.

MOSCOW UNIVERSITY GEOLOGY BULLETIN Vol. 71 No. 3 2016 THE ALAN-KYR CONIACIAN–CAMPANIAN SECTION 231 ing with acid. This could affect the quantitative and where they could migrate during the major global qualitative composition of the planktonic foraminifer eustatic transgression in the Early Campanian. It is evi- complexes. dent that the latter hypothesis requires further investigation of the Santonian and Campanian boundary not only in the Alan-Kyr section, but also in other sections of the CONCLUSIONS Central and Southwestern Crimea. (1) The taxonomic data on two stratigraphically (5) It was proved for the first time that two bio- important species of the Upper Cretaceous benthic choremas (biochores) were formed in the EEP in the foraminifers, viz., Bolivionodes and Stensioeina, were Early Campanian. The first biochorema was formed specified and completed. While in the previous Rus- in the EEP west and Crimean setting corresponding to sian works only one species of the Bolivionodes genus, the area of Anomalinoides insignis, which was used as a viz., B. strigillatus (Chapman), was indicated in the species marker for the Lower Campanian biostraton. Santonian and Campanian boundary, the thorough The second biochorema (biochore) of the Cibicidoides and detailed analysis and study of the shell morphol- temirensis species covers the remaining area of the ogy by making photographs with a scanning electron EEP and adjacent Mangyshlak, where Anomalinoides microscope made it possible to establish that a part of insignis is absent, while abundant Cibicidoides temiren- the collection that was previously categorized as sis serves as a species marker for the Lower Campanian B. strigillatus should be considered as transitional zone. Hence, we provided the data on the relationship between this form and species such as B. cf. culvirensis between paleobiogeographical and stratigraphic units and Bolivinoides culvirensis Barr. Hence, the Crimean that affect and control the specific nature of the bio- material expanded the area of the Late Santonian– stratigraphic subdivision of different paleobiogeo- Early Campanian culvirensis species from the Atlantic graphical areas (Fig. 8). coast of North America through the Northwestern Europe and Western Ukraine to the Crimean Region. These data make it possible to expand the correlation ACKNOWLEDGMENTS potential of Bolivinoides representatives, as well as to make corrections to the development history and zon- We are sincerely grateful to L.G. Bragina and ing by Bolivinoides of Crimea and adjacent areas. N.Yu. Bragin for provision of materials from the Alan- Kyr section and also for continued discussion of the (2) The study of the Stensioeina species within the results and critical remarks. We thank A.S. Alekseev, EEP and Mangyshlak made it possible to identify the V.S. Vishnevskaya, and our colleagues in the Crimean onthogeneic and stratigraphic sequence of the Stensio- Geological Expedition for discussions and comments. eina species replacement in the Turonian–Santonian range (Walaszczyk et al., 2013). Based on the data on This work was supported by the Russian Founda- Stensioeina in the Alan-Kyr section, this sequence was tion for Basic Research (project nos. 15-05-0499, 15-05- supplemented with two segments, viz., Stensioeina 03004, and 15-05-04700), Micropaleontology Labora- perfecta Koch and S. gracilis Brotzen, thus confirming tory of the Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sci- the identical development of this genus observed in ences (project no. 0135-2014-0070), and also by the associations of the Federal Republic of Germany International Geoscience Program (project no. 609). (Косh, 1977), Crimea, and the Russian Plate. (3) The data on Stensioeina make it possible to REFERENCES make progress on the identification of the lower boundary of the Upper Santonian under its three- Akimets, B.C., Stratigraphy and foraminifers from Upper member subdivision. According to the data on the Sea- Cretaceous Sediments of Belorussia, in Paleontologiya i stratigrafiya BSSR. Sb. III (Paleontology and Stratigra- ford Head reference section (Sussex), the upper part of phy of the BSSR. Vol. III), Minsk: Akad. Nauk BSSR, the Middle Santonian is characterized by the occur- 1961, pp. 3–245. rence of Stensioeina perfecta Koch, while the lower boundary of the Santonian upper substage is marked by Atlas: Structural Evolution of the Permian–Mezozoic Complex of Northeastern Poland, Lithuanian and Adjacent Baltic the appearance of S. gracilis Brotzen. These species in a Areas, Marek, S. and Grigelis, A., Eds., Polish Geol. typical form were noted in the Alan-Kyr section. Inst., Lithuanian Inst. Geol., 1998. (4) This paper also considers the stratigraphic col- Bailey, H.W., Gale, A.S., and Mortimore, R.N. et al., Bio- lision, which consists in inconsistency in the age of stratigraphical criteria for the recognition of the Conia- biostratons identified by benthic foraminifers, on the cian to Maastrichtian stage boundaries in the Chalk of one part, and by planktonic foraminifers and radiolar- north-west Europe, with particular reference to south- ians, on the other part (the border line Santonian– ern England, Bull. Geol. Soc. Den., 1984, vol. 33, Campanian range). A possible explanation of this fact pp. 31–39. can be an assumption that the Crimean benthic spe- Barr, F.T., The foraminiferal genus Bolivinoides from the cies could have begun their development and distribu- Upper Cretaceous of the British Isles, Palaeontol., tion a few millions of years earlier than in the platform, 1966, vol. 9, pp. 220–243.

MOSCOW UNIVERSITY GEOLOGY BULLETIN Vol. 71 No. 3 2016 232 BENYAMOVSKIY, KOPAEVICH

Barr, F.T., Bolivinoides culverensis, new name for the Campa- Mouriefik section, Eastern Sinai, Egypt, Rev. Paleobi- nian foraminifer B. hiltermanni Barr, Spec. Publ. — ologie, 2006, vol. 25, no 2, pp. 671–692. Cushman Found. Foraminiferal Res., 1967, vol. 18. Gawor-Biedova, E., Campanian and Maastrichtian fora- Barr, F.T., The foraminiferal genus Bolivinoides from the minifera from the Lublin Upland, Eastern Poland, Acta Upper Cretaceous of Libya, J. Paleontol., 1970, vol. 44, Palaeontol. Pol., 1992, no. 52. no. 4, pp. 642–654. Georgescu, M.D., Arz, J.A., Macauley, RV., et al., Late Beckmann, J.P. and Koch, W., Vergleiche von Bolivinoi- Cretaceous (Santonian–Maastrichtian) serial foramin- des, Aragonia und Tappanina (Foraminifera) aus Trin- ifera with pore mounds or pore mound-based orna- idad (Westindien) und Mitteleuropa, Geol. Jahr., 1964, mentation structures, Rev. Espanola de Micropaleontol., vol. 83, pp. 31–64. 2011, vol. 43, nos. 1–2, pp. 109–139. Beniamovsky, V.N. and Kopaevich, L.F., Benthic foramin- Gorbenko, V.F., Protozoans, in Atlas verkhnemelovoi fauny ifer zonation in the Campanian–Maastrichtian of the Donbassa (Atlas of Upper Cretaceous Fauna in Don- European paleobiogeographic region, Stratigr. Geol. bass), Krymgol’ts G.Ya., Ed., Nedra, 1974, pp. 26–51. Correl., 2001, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 570–590. Grigyalis, A.A., Akimets, V.S., and Lipnik, E.S., Zones and Beniamovsky, V.N., Infrazonal biostratigraphy of the Upper foraminifera-based zonal complexes of Upper Creta- Cretaceous in the East European province based on Ben- ceous sediments of the Russian Platform, Izv. Akad. thic Foraminifers, Pt. 2: Santonian–Maastrichtian, Nauk SSSR, Ser. Geol., 1974, no. 4, pp. 144–147. Stratigr. Geol. Correl., 2008, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 515–527. Grigyalis, A.A., Akimets, V.S., and Lipnik, E.S., Phylogeny Beniamovsky, V.N., Sadekov, A.Yu., and Akimov, S.I., An of benthic foraminifers as basis of zonal stratigraphy of application of phylogeny of genera Stensioeina and Upper Cretaceous deposits (East European Province as Neoflabellina (benthic foraminifera) for the study of an example), Vopr. Mikropaleontol., 1980, no. 23, Upper Cretaceous stratigraphy of the East European pp. 145–160. Platform, in Mater. VII nauchn. chtenii pamyati profes- Hampton, M.J., Bailey, H.W., Gallagher, L.T., et al., The sora M.V. Muratova “Problemy regional’noi geologii biostratigraphy of Seaford Head, Sussex, southern Severnoi Evrazii” (Proc. VII Sci. Readings Devoted to England; an international reference section for the Prof. M.V. Muratov “Problems of Regional Geology of basal boundaries for the Santonian and Campanian Northern Europe”), Moscow: Ross. Gos. Geol. Univ., stages in chalk facies, Cretaceous Res., 2007, vol. 28, 2010, pp. 18–21. pp. 46–60. Beniamovsky, V.N. and Sadekov, A.Yu., Turonian–Santo- Hardenbol, J., Thierry, J., Farley, M.B., et al., Mesozoic nian phylogeny of genus Stensioeina (benthic foramin- and Cenozoic sequence chronostratigraphic framework ifera) of eastern part of European paleobigeographical of European basins, SEPM (Soc. Sedim. Geol.). Spec. realm, in Proc. 7th Int. Cretaceous Symp, Neuchatel, Publ., 1998, no. 60, Pts. 1, 4. September 5–9, 2005, 2005, pp. 50–51. Hart, M.B., Bailey, H.W., Crittenden, S., et al., Creta- Bragina, L.G., Benimovsky, V.N., and Kopaevich, L.F., ceous, in Stratigraphical Atlas of Fossil Foraminifera, the Radiolarians, foraminifers, and biostratigraphy of the 2nd ed., Jenkins, D.G. and Murray, J.W., Eds., Chich- Coniacian–Campanian deposits of the Alan-Kyr Sec- ester: Ellis Horwood Limited, 1989, pp. 273–371. tion, Crimean Mountains, Stratigr. Geol. Correl., 2016, Hiltermann, H. and Koch, W., Taxonomie und vertikalver- vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 39–57. breitung von Bolivinoides-Arten im Senon Nordwest- Christensen, W.K., Upper Cretaceous belemnite stratigraphy deutschlands, Geol. Jahr., 1950, vol. 64, pp. 595–632. of Europe, Cretaceous. Res., 1990, vol. 11, pp. 371–386. Hiltermann, H., Zur entwicklung der benthos-foraminifere Christensen, W.K., Palaeobiogeography and migration in the bolivinoides, in Evolutionary Trends in Foraminifera, Late Cretaceous belemnite family Bellemnitellidae, Acta Koenigswald, G.H.R. von, Emeis, J.D., Buning, W.L., Paleontol. Polonica, 1997, vol. 42, no 4, pp. 457–495. and Wagner, C.W., Eds., Amsterdam, London, New York: Elsevier: 1963, pp. 198–223. Coccioni, R. and Premoli, SilvaI., Revised upper Albian– Maastrichtian planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy Koch, W., Stratigraphie der Oberkreide in nordwest- and magnetostratigraphy of the classical Tethyan Gub- deutschland (Pompeckische Scholle). Teil 2. Biostra- tigraphie in der Oberkreide und Taxonomie von Fora- bio section (Italy), Newsletters on Stratigraphy, 2015, vol. 48/1, pp. 47–90. miniferen, Geol. Jahr., 1977, vol. A, no. 38, pp. 11–123. Kopaevich, L.F., Alekseev, A.S., Baraboshkin, E.Yu., and Dubicka, Z., Otwornice i stratygrafia osadów górnej kredy Beniamovsky, V.N., Cretaceous sedimentary units of okolic Halicza (Ukraina zachodnia). Mangyshlak Peninsula (Western Kazakhstan), Geodi- Rozprawa doktorska wykonans w Instytucie Paleobiologii versitas, 1999, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 407–418. Polskiej Akademii Nauk pod kierunkiem dr hab. Kopaevich L.F., Upper Cretaceous zonal scheme for Danuta Peryt, Warzawa: Polska Akad. Nauk Inst. Pale- Crimea-Caucasus area on the base of globotruncanids obiol., 2012. (planktonic foraminifers), Byull. Mosk. O–va Ispyt. Edgell, H.S., The stratigraphical value of Bolivinoides in the Prir., Otd. Geol., 2010, vol. 85, no. 5, pp. 40–52. Upper Cretaceous of Northwest Australia, Spec. Publ.– Koptarenko-Chernousova, O.K., Golyak, L.M., and Zer- Cushman Found. Foraminiferal Res., 1954, vol. 5, netskii, B.F., et al., Atlas kharakternykh foraminifer pp. 68–76. yury, mela i paleogena platformennoi chasti Ukrainy El-Nady, H. Contribution to the stratigraphic significance (Atlas of typical Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Paleogene of the genus Bolivinoides and their paleoecology across Foraminifers of the Platform Part of Ukraine), Izd. Campanian/Maastrichtian boundary in the Gabal El- Akad. Nauk Ukrainskoi SSR, Kiev, 1963.

MOSCOW UNIVERSITY GEOLOGY BULLETIN Vol. 71 No. 3 2016 THE ALAN-KYR CONIACIAN–CAMPANIAN SECTION 233

Korchagin, O.A., Bragina, L.G., and Bragin, N.Yu., ., tron microscopy, in Paleostrat-2004. Godichnoe sobra- Planktonic foraminifers and radiolarians from the nie sektsii paleontologii MOIP, Moskva, 26–27 yanvarya Coniacian–Santonian deposits of Mt. Ak-Kaya, 2004 g. (Paleostrat-2004: Annual Meeting of the Pale- Crimean Mountains, Ukraine, Stratigr. Geol. Correl., ontological Group of the Moscow Society of Nature 2012, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 83–107. Explorers; Moscow, January 26–27, 2004), Moscow, Kuepper, I., Mikropalaontoiogische gliederung der ober- pp. 28–29. kreide des Beckenuntergrundes in den Oberosterre- Schönfeld, J., Zur Stratigraphie und Ökologie benthischer ichischen Molassebohrungen, Mitt. Geol. Ges. Wien, foraminiferen im Schreibkreide-Richtprofil von Läger- 1963, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 591–651. dorf/Holstein, Geol. Jb., 1990, A 117, pp. 3–151. Lipnik E.S. Upper Cretaceous foraminera, in Foraminifery Schulz, M-G., Ernst, G., Ernst, H., and Schmid, F., Coni- verkhnego mela Ukrainy (Upper Cretaceous Foraminifers acian to Maastrichtian stage boundaries in the standard of Ukraine), Moscow: Nauka, pp. 85–154. section of the Upper Cretaceous white chalk of NW Maslakova, N.I., Crimea, in Atlas verkhnemelovoi fauny Germany (Lagerdorg–Kronsmoor–Hemmoor): defi- Severnogo Kavkaza i Kryma (Atlas of Upper Cretaceous nitions and proposals, Bull. Geol. Soc. Den., 1984, Fauna of Northern Caucasus and Crimea), Moskvin, M.M., vol. 33, pp. 203–215. Ed., Moscow, Gostoptekhizdat, 1959, pp. 60–84. Sel’tser, V.B. and Beniamovsky, V.N., Stages of evolution of Naidin, D.P., Beniamovsky, V.N., and Kopaevich, L.F., chephalopods and benthic foraminifers as a basis of Metody izucheniya transgressii i regressii (Methods of subdivision of the Campanian of East European Plat- Study of Transgression and Regression Stages), Moscow: from into three sub-stages, in Mater. LX Sess. Paleontol. Mosk. Gos. Univ., 1984. Obshch. pri RAN (7–14 aprelya 2014 g.) (Proc. LX Naidin, D.P., Eustasy and epicontinental seas on East Euro- Paleontol. Soc. Russ. Akad. Sci. (April 7–14, 2014)), pean Platform. Part 2. Upper Cretaceous sequencies of the St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg, 2014, pp. 117–120. platform, Byull. Mosk. O–va Ispyt. Prir., Otd. Geol., Stratigrafiya verkhn’ogo proterozoyu ta fanerozoyu Ukraïni u 1995, vol. 70. dvokh tomakh. T.1: Stratigrafiya verkhn’ogo proterozoyu, Naidin, D.P. and Beniamovsky, V.N., The Campanian– paleozoyu ta mezozoyu Ukraïni (The Upper Proterozoic Maastrichtian Stage Boundary in the Aktulagai Section and Phanerozoic Stratigraphy of Ukraine (in 2 vols). (North Caspian Depression), Stratigr. Geol. Correl., Vol. 1: Upper Proterozoic, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic 2006, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 433–443. Stratigraphy of Ukraine), Gozhik, P.F., Ed., Kyiv: IGN NAN Ukraïni. Logos, 2013. Neagu, T., White chalk foraminiferal fauna from southern Dobrogea (Romania). III. Calcareous benthic foramin- Swiecicki, A., A foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Campan- ifera, Rev. Espanola de Micropaleontol., 1987, vol. 24, ian and Maastrichtian chalks of the United Kingdom, pp. 59–115. Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Council for National Academic Awards. March, 1980, Olfer’ev, A.G., Kopaevich, L.F., and Osipova, L.M., Lower Plymouth Polytech. Learn. Resour. Centre, 1980. Campanian key section in the Desna River middle reaches, Moscow Univ. Geol. Bull., 1991, vol. 46, no. 2, The Geological Time Scale 2012, Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., pp. 40–47. Schmitz, M.D., and Ogg, G.M., Eds., Elsevier, 2012, vols. 1, 2, Ch. 27 “Cretaceous”, pp. 801–805. Olfer’ev, A.G. and Alekseev, A.S., Biostratigraphic Zonation of the Upper Cretaceous in the East European Platform, Vasilenko, V.P., Foraminifers of the Upper Cretaceous of Stratigr. Geol. Correl., 2003, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 172–198. the Mangyshlak Peninsula, in Tr. VNIGRI (Proc. All- Russ. Res. Petrol. Explor. Inst.), 1961, no. 171. Olfer’ev, A.G., Alekseev, A.S., Beniamovskii, V.N., et al., The Mezino-Lapshinovka Reference Section of the Wagreich, M., Biostratigraphy and lithostratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous and Problems of Santonian-Campa- Krimpenbach Formation (Upper Santonian–Campa- nian Boundary in Saratov Area near the Volga River, nian), Gosau Group of Gams (Austria), Ann. Naturhist. Stratigr Geol. Correl., 2004, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 603–636. Mus. Wien, 2004, vol. 106, pp. 123–138. Olfer’ev, A.G. and Alekseev, A.S., Stratigraficheskaya Wagreich, M., Dinares-Turell, J., and Wolfgring, E., A ref- skhema verkhnemelovykh otlozhenii Vostochno-Evropeis- erence section for the Santonian–Campanian bound- koi platformy. Ob”yasnitel’naya zapiska (Stratigraphic ary: the Postalm section, Austria, Geophys. Res. Abstr., Scheme of the Upper Cretaceous Sediments of the East 2015, vol. 17, GU2015. European Platform. Explanatory Note, Moscow: Pale- Walaszczyk, I., Kopaevich, L.F., and Beniamovsky, V.N., ontol. Inst. RAN, 2005. Petters, S.W., Bolivinoides evo- Inoceramid- and foraminiferal record and biozonation lution and Upper Cretaceous biostratigraphy of the of the Turonian and Coniacian (Upper Cretaceous) of Atlantic Coastal plain of New Jersey, J. Paleontol., 1977, the Mangyshlak Mts., western Kazakhstan, Acta Geol. vol. 51, pp. 1023–1036. Polonica, 2013, vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 469–487. Reiss, Z., Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary Bolivinoi- Wilkinson, I.P., A preliminary foraminiferal biozonation of des from Israel, Spec. Publ. — Cushman Found. Fora- the Chalk Group (in preparation of the Holostrat Proj- miniferal Res., 1954, vol. 5, pp. 154–164. ect: Upper Cretaceous), British Geol. Surv. Int. Rep., Sadekov, Yu.A. and Beniamovsky, V.N., Preliminary results 2000, IR/00/13. of revision of Turonian–Santonian foraminifers of the genus Stensioeina Brotzen, 1936 using scanning elec- Translated by E. Maslennikova

MOSCOW UNIVERSITY GEOLOGY BULLETIN Vol. 71 No. 3 2016

SPELL: 1. OK