2019 JUNIOR DIVISION SOCIAL STUDIES STUDY GUIDE

GEOGRAPHY

Students and Coaches should be aware of the following aspects of Egypt and the Nile Valley: Areas comprising Upper and Lower Egypt Directional flow of the Nile Main tributaries (branches) of the Nile Source of the Nile’s branches The “Gifts of the Nile” Egypt’s Neighbors Major cities in Upper and Lower Egypt Climate of the Nile Valley

HISTORY/CHRONOLOGY Teams and Coaches may find the following timeline with dates and important Kings/ Pharaohs helpful. *Note: All dates are approximate and are all B.C.E. For a more detailed timeline please see Wilkinson, pp. xiii-xxi.

PREDYNASTIC PERIOD, 5300-3100

Lower Egypt Neolithic Farmers 5300-4000 Maadi Culture 4000-3100 Upper Egypt Badarian 4400-3800 Naqada 3800-3300 Dynasty “O” Kings Scorpion Ka

EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD, 2950-2575

1st Dynasty—2950-2750 Narmer (Menes)--Upper and Lower Egypt unified

3rd Dynasty—2650-2575 Djoser (Netjerekhet)--Step Pyramid at Saqqara Huni

OLD KINGDOM, 2575-2125

4th Dynasty—2575-2450 (Peak period of pyramid building) Sneferu Khufu Djedefra Khafra (Sphinx)

5th Dynasty—2450-2325 Userkef Sun Temples Unas Pyramid Texts 6th Dynasty—2325-2175 Pepi II—2260-2175 (approximate 85 yr. reign) 8th Dynasty—2175-2125 Royal Authority Declines

1st INTERMEDIATE PERIOD, 2125-2010

8th and 10th Dynasties 2125-1975 The Osiris Cult begins 11th Dynasty 2080-1938 The beginning of civil war in Egypt

MIDDLE KINGDOM, 2010-1630

Mentuhotep II, 2010-1960 Egypt is reunited ending the civil war

12th Dynasty, 1938-1755 Golden Age of Literature Amenemhat I, 1938-1908 Senusret I, 1918-`1975 Forts along Nubian frontier Amenemhat III, 1836-1818 Land reclamation projects in the Fayum Sobekneferu, 1760-1755 Female Ruler 13th Dynasty, 1755-1630 Many weak kings over 125 years

SECOND INTERMEDIATE PERIOD, 1630-1539

14th Dynasty Weak Kings, Political Unrest, Hyksos Invasion 15th Dynasty, 1630-1520 Hyksos Rule 17th Dynasty, 1630-1539 Seqenera Taa, 1545-1541 Fights the Hyksos Kamose, 1541-1539

NEW KINGDOM, 1539-1069

18TH Dynasty, 1539-1292 Ahmose I, 1539-1514 Hyksos defeated and driven out of Egypt Amenhotep I, 1514-1493 Begin work on Valley of the Kings Thutmose I, 1493-1491 Defeat and conquest of Nubia Thutmose III, 1479-1425 Military ruler, Battle of Megiddo Hatshepsut, 1473-1458 Female Ruler Amenhotep II, 1426-1400 Egypt forms am empire in Eastern Mediterranean Amenhotep III, 1390-1353 Great Theban Monuments

Amenhotep IV/Akhenaton, The Amarna Period Nefertiti, 1353-1336 Tutankhamun, 1332-1322 19th Dynasty, 1292-1090 Seti I, 1290-1275 Ramesses II, 1279-1213 Military Conquest (Battle of Kadish), Great Monument Builder Merenptah, 1213-1204 Egypt invaded by Libya 20th Dynasty, 1190-1069 Ramessed Dynasty Ramesses III, 1187-1156 Fights the Sea People

3rd INTERMEDIATE PERIOD, 1069-664

21ST Dynasty, 1069-945 Egypt Divided 22nd Dynasty, 945-715 Shoshenq I, 945-925 Judah conquered by Egypt Osorkon II, 874-835 Thebes secedes

23rd Dynasty, 838-720 Civil War in Thebes Conquest of Thebes by Kush 25th Dynasty (Kushite), 728-657 Piankhi, 747-716 All of Egypt controlled by Kush Taharqa, 690-664 Egypt invaded by Assyria

LATE PERIOD, 664-332

26th Dynasty, 664-525 Saite Rulers Thebes once again brought under control Babylonians driven back Greeks establish trading center at Naukratis 27th Dynasty, 525-404 Persian Rulers Cambyses I, 525-522 All of Egypt under Persian Rule Darius I, 522-486 Canal to Red Sea is built 28th,29th,30th Dynasties 404-343 Egypt attempts to drive out the Persians 31st Dynasty, 343-332 Artaxerxes III, 343-338 Egypt again under Persian Rule Macedonian Dynasty, 332-309 Alexander the Great, 332-323

PTOLEMAIC PERIOD, 309-30

Ptolemy I, 304-282 Library at Alexandria Ptolemy II, 285-246 Pharos lighthouse completed Ptolemy III, 246-221 Thebes rebels against Ptolemaic rulers Ptolemy VI, 180-145 Roman Intervention Cleopatra VII, 51-30 Relationship with Julius Caesar and Marc Antony Battle of Actium 30 BCE End of Pharaonic Egypt

CULTURE

Students and Coaches should be prepared to answer questions about:

Religion—Main Gods and Goddesses Horus Osiris Isis Set Anubis Amun-Ra Aten

Funerary and Embalming Customs

Social Classes

Role and Treatment of Women in Egyptian Society

Economics/Trade

Teams may find the following maps helpful in their preparation for the competition:

The first map is from Wikipedia, Ancient Egypt The next map is from www.ancientegyptonline.com/maps of ancient Egypt