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THE AMERICAN LEGION JUNE 1976 MAGAZINE JUNE 1976 Volume 100, Number 6 National Commander Harry G, Wiles Table of Contents CHANGE OF ADDRESS IS NOT NEGOTIABLE! 2 Subscribers, please notify Circulation Dept., THE PANAMA CANAL P. O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 G. WILES BY NAT'L. CMDR. HARRY using Form 3578 which is available at your Proposals to surrender waterway meet stout Legion resistance. local post office. Attach old address label and give old and new addresses with ZIP Code number and current membership card num- HELP FOR LAWMEN 3 ber. Also, notify your Post Adjutant or other Maryland department alerts police to federal benefits officer charged with such responsibilities.

1776-1781 IN THE SOUTH 6 BY GENE GLEASON The American Legion Magazine Editorial & Production Offices decided in southern colonies Outcome of Revolution was 1608 "K" Street, N. W. Washington, D.C. 20006 KARATE! 10 202-393-4811 A mysterious, ancient Oriental art gains popularity in West (New York direct line) 212-586-3460 Office of Publisher THE MANY FACES OF RUSSIAN INDUSTRY 12 1345 Avenue of the Americas BY PROF. ELLSWORTH RAYMOND New York, N.Y. 10019 212-586-3110 Lifting the lid on secret Soviet arms production AMERICA'S FIRST LIBERATED WOMAN 14 Advertising Sales LYNWOOD RHODES Robert Redden Associates, Inc. BY MARK P. O. Box 999 While 'respectable girls' watched, Nellie Bly circled globe Teaneck, NJ. 07666 201-837-5511 IS REVENUE SHARING A CURE FOR OUR CITIES? 18 Two sides of a National Question Publisher, James F. O'Neil pro: REP. ROBERT W. KASTEN, JR. (R-WI) Editor, Raymond J. McHugh con: REP. JAMES R. JONES (D-OK) Senior Editor, Grail S. Hanford Managing Editor, Frank Kuest OFF THE HIGHWAY: WINCHESTER MYSTERY HOUSE 20 A merican Legion News Editor Fourteenth in a series for the turnpike driver Ralph E. Risley Art Editor, Walter H. Boll Production Manager, John A. Stanley WIDOWHOOD - - - MOST WOMEN WILL FACE IT 22 Circulation Manager, Dean B. Nelson A practical guide for helping meet family crises Indianapolis. Ind.

BICENTENNIAL LANDMARK: PHILADELPHIA 24 The American Legion The Fourth of July belongs to City of Brotherly Love Magazine Commission

Benjamin B. Truekoeki, Bristol, Conn KIDS HAVEN'T CHANGED 36 (Chairman) : Milford A. Forrester, Green Youth Conservation Corps scores hit with youngsters. ville, S.C. (Vice Chairman) ; James R. Kel ley, Radnor, Pa. (National Commander'^ Representative); Billy Anderson, Miami, Fla. IT IS STILL 1940 IN LONDON CELLAR 38 Lang Armstrcng, Spokane, Wash.; Norman Churchill's war room reflects tense Battle of Britain Biebel, Belleville, III.; Adolph Bremer, Winona, Minn.; B. C. Connelly, Hunting ton, W. Va.; Andrew J. Cooper, Gulf Shores, Ala.; Raymond Fields, Oklahoma Photo Credits City, Okla.; Chris Hernandez, Savannah, Ga. This month's cover painting de- James V. Kissner, Palatine, III.; Russell H Laird, Des Moines, Iowa; Henry S. Lemay picts the heroism of Sgt. William Lancaster, Ohio; Loyd McDermott, Benton Jasper in the defense of Charleston Ark.; Morris Meyer, Starkville, Miss.; J. H on June 28, 1116 as he rescued Morris, Baton Rouge, La.; Robert F. Mur phy, Chelmsford, Mass.; Robert A. Okeson South Carolina's flag in the face of Diamond Bar, Cal . ; Floyd J . Rogers, To British fire. The painting by H. peka, Kans.; Harry H. Schaffer, Pittsburgh Charles McBarron was commis- Pa.; Wayne L. Talbert, Delphi, Ind.; Frank C. Love, Syracuse, N.Y. (Consultant), Ed sioned by the Army's Center of ward McSweeney, New York, N.Y. (Con Military History. The Battle of sultant) Guilford Courthouse (page 6) was The American Legion Magazine is owned and also painted by Mr. McBarron. published monthly by The American Legion. Legion. Other photo credits this month include Copyright 1976 by The American Culver Photos, The Bettman Archive, Shir- Second class postage paid at Indianapolis. ley Starbuck, H. Armstrong Roberts. S. Ind., 46204 and additional mailing offices. Henry Cho, Novosti, Tass, Sovfoto, Sy Price: single copy, 20 cents; yearly sub- Seidman Collection (NY) Wide World, scription, $2.00. Direct inquiries regarding UPI, California State Historical Society, circulation to: Circulation Department, P. O. Penn Mutual Life Insurance. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206.

Send editorial and advertising material to: The American Legion Magazine, 1608 "K" Departments Street, N. W., Washington, D.C. 20006.

NOTES ON OUR DESK 4 LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS 40 NON-MEMBER SUBSCRIPTIONS DATELINE WASHINGTON 21 PERSONAL 42 Send name and address, including ZIP VETERANS NEWSLETTER 27 SHOPPER 46 number, with $2 check or money order to Circulation Dept., P.O. Box 1954,

NEWS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION . .28 PARTING SHOTS 48 Indianapolis, Ind. 46206.

Manuscripts, artwork, cartoons submitted for consideration will not be returned unless a self-ad- Microfilm copies of current and back is- dressed, stamped envelope is included. This magazine assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material. sues of The American Legion Magazine are available through: University Micro- - films, N. Zeeb Rd., Ann Arbor, Mich. pd ! CTTVT A CT"17R • " undeliverable, please send Form 3579 to: 300 * 1 I HiJ\ . p. o. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. 48106. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 The Commander's Message The Panama Canal Is Not Negotiable!

Vigorous opposition in Congress and the tides of an Zone in three years and subsequently surrender the election year have slowed the State Department canal itself. A treaty would require ratification by two- campaign to give away the Panama Canal; but it has thirds of the Senate. Thirty-eight of the 100 Senators not been stopped. are now on record against any treaty revision. But It must not succeed! even the Senate does not have the power to cede away Surrender of U.S. sovereignty over the Panama Canal sovereign property. Such an action must be joined by Zone and loss of American control over the Atlantic- the House of Representatives where 246 of the 435 Pacific waterway could have devastating results. If the members are on record as opposed. United States were relegated to the status of a conces- Chairman Leonor K. Sullivan of the House Com- sionaire, operating the Canal at the sufferance of mittee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries puts it this others, the Navy—no longer a two-ocean force—would way: have to reevaluate its ability to marshal forces in world "The current situation is the culmination of a sus- trouble spots ; access to Asian markets for major Ameri- tained campaign by the State Department since 1964 can farm products would be in question; the U.S. Mer- to erode United States sovereign rights, power and au- chant Marine and coastal shipping fleets could face thority over the Canal Zone and the canal through the major economic and traffic problems; Communist Cuba salami process. . . . Under the Constitution, only the and other Latin opportunists would be encouraged to Congress, which includes the House of Representatives, work their mischief against U.S. interests throughout is vested with the power to dispose of territory and the hemisphere; Puerto Rico would face massive pres- other property of the United States and as regards the sures; doubts—dangerous doubts—would mushroom as Canal Zone it has not authorized the making of any friends and foes around the world reassessed the Ameri- treaty to dispose of that territory or any property can will to resist totalitarian hypocrisy and blackmail in it." and the people of Panama would suffer a staggering Why then does the State Department persist? blow. We are told that if we do not surrender the canal to None of this has to happen. General Torrijos we risk unrest throughout Panama American ownership of the Panama Canal Zone rests and the Caribbean, including riots or guerrilla-style on legal bedrock. We purchased the land. It was ceded terror attacks in the Canal Zone. by the legitimate government of Panama in full accord In short, we are confronted with blackmail and we with international law and the approval of the Pana- have every right to suspect that it is Communist- manian parliament. We paid for it. We dug the canal inspired blackmail. and we have maintained it for almost three-quarters of In my letter to the President I urged reestablishment a century. We have met every obligation to the govern- of the Navy's special service squadron which was based ment and the people of Panama. On countless occasions in the Canal Zone for two decades prior to World War we have exceeded those obligations to help Panama n. A small force today would symbolize continuing U.S. survive crises. interest, reassure Americans living and working in the Yet today the United States finds itself depicted as a Canal Zone and help stabilize the area. heartless tyrant because it owns and operates the I also urged the President to proceed with a proposed canal. A campaign that was launched after Castro's vic- major modernization of the canal which would give tory in Cuba has now reached its peak under Panama's employment, improved earnings and living standards to Marxist General Omar Torrijos, the country's 61st the entire area and improve relations between Panama President in 72 years. and the United States. Such modernization is authorized The American Legion has steadfastly resisted all at- under existing treaties. tacks on U.S. sovereignty over the Panama Canal. The Panama Canal is an issue of the gravest im- Earlier this year, I toured the Canal Zone to underscore portance to the United States. It is property of the our interest. On my return I informed the President of United States. In this election year the people have a the United States that "I see no alternative to facing right to expect clear-cut views on its future from both the proposition that the Canal Zone is part and parcel major political parties and from their candidates for of U.S. territory and cannot be given away, unless and the White House and Congress. until the people of the United States, and their repre- sentatives in Congress, feel it is in their interest to ." do so . . The State Department has proposed a new treaty with Panama that would end U.S. sovereignty over the Canal

2 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 Help RICHARD PETTY says: for "Want to really Lawmen learn how to IN its program to assist state and local law enforcement officers, the repaircars? American Legion's Department of Maryland has discovered that law- men and their families are not always Checkout NRI aware of federal benefits available in the event of death or injury in the line of duty. A circular has been pre- home training" pared for distribution in Maryland by the department's Law and Order Committee. Federal benefits are available for non-federal officers who are injured, sustain a disease or are killed under You get all any of these conditions: this equipment 1. While engaged in the apprehen- and more with the NRI Master sion, or attempt to apprehend any Automotive Technician's person who has committed a crime Course . . . against the United States, who was including NRI's exclusive sought at the time by a federal law Achievement Kit, and7 enforcement authority or who was "NRI provides the most \ °itt^ sought as a material witness in a up-to-date complete courses le'sson'fixts! criminal proceeding instituted by the in United States. Auto Mechanics I've ever seen, i Know the importance of a good mechanic, and the opportunities out there 2. While engaged in protecting or for trained men. That's why I'm glad to see guarding a person held for commis- home training like the two NRI courses. It's a lot of training for a very few bucks. sion of a crime against the United States. Save Gas... Save on Repair Bills, nri's Tune-Up Course will 3. While engaged in the lawful teach any homeowner all he needs to know, quickly, with prevention of a crime against the hands-on experi- ence. The course includes 8 important service items, including United States. a Dwell Tachometer, Volt Amp Tester, and Tune-Up Tool Kit. If a gun figures in the injury or death of an officer, in all probability Become a Professional Mechanic, nri's a violation of the Federal Gun Con- Master Automotive Technician Course gives you the essential training and diagnostic trol Law would be involved. equip- ment to be a real pro. You get 10 pieces of auto service equipment, including If state and local benefits are less a Dwell Tachometer, AC Power Timing Light, Volt-Amp Tester, Ignition- than federal benefits, the Office of Analyzer Scope and a complete Federal Employees Compensation set of tools. (OFEC) will pay the difference to Train with the officers or their families. Leaders—NRI & McGraw-Hill. No other school has NRI's experience in home training, or McGraw-Hill's The OFEC is notified in all cases background in continuing education. Mail the coupon and check what they have to where a law enforcement officer is offer." NRI AUTOMOTIVE DIVISION, 3939 Wisconsin Ave., killed, but it is not routinely informed Washington, D.C. 20016 of officers injured or sustaining a disease in the line of duty. If an officer has received an injury which RUSH FOR FREE CATALOG could, in the future, cause perma- NO SALESMAN WILL CALL. nent disability or early retirement, he can file an OFEC claim. Such NRI SCHOOLS claims to 937-066 are subject a five-year McGraw-Hill Continuing Education Center statute of limitations. 3939 Wisconsin Avenue. Washington, D.C. 20016 More information can be secured Check below for your free Automotive Catalog. Or select one of from the U.S. Department of Labor, the other courses instead.

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 3 —

NOTES ON OUR DESK

For almost 30 years every Ameri- tions are "very close" to the Cold can Legion national convention has War days of the early 1950's. delivered resounding support to the Former Treasury Sec'y John Con- North Atlantic Treaty Organization nally calls it "a new and perilous

as the No. 1 bulwark against Soviet era . . . comparable to the decade imperialism. prior to the Second World War." The 1976 convention in Seattle, The Russian novelist Alexander August 20-26, may face an "ago- Solzhenitsyn warns that the fall of nizing reappraisal." the West could be "sudden and im- We are confronted with the real minent." possibility that a major ally "The question is not how the Italy—may vote in a Communist Russians can move away from totali- government this summer. In France, tarianism, but how the West can the betting is even that a Socialist- avoid falling into it," a pessimistic Communist alliance can gain power Solzhenitsyn says. in 1977 or 1978. Portugal, which It has been suggested by some that barely escaped a Communist coup in the United States issue a blunt, 1975, rides a political seesaw. Wash- formal warning that if any NATO ington is caught in a three-cornered nation chooses a Communist govern- tug of war with Greece and Turkey, ment it faces automatic expulsion trying to keep vital NATO bases from the alliance. open in both countries, trying to It may come to that. keep arms aid flowing to Turkey de- spite a powerful Greek lobby in Con- A Look at America gress, and trying to untangle the This is another in a Bicentennial two allies' claims on the island of series of reminders of how men and Cyprus. women viewed America at various Add to this the unsettled post- moments in our history. At the Dart- Franco state of affairs in Spain mouth College commencement in where Communists are showing sur- 1953 Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower prising strength while Washington said: seeks to bring that country into "It is not enough merely to say NATO. I love America and to salute the flag It paints an uncertain, even omi- and take off your hat when it goes nous, European scene at a moment by, and to help sing The Star- when election-year America is deeply Spangled Banner. Wonderful! We involved in debate over comparative love to do them, and our hearts U.S.-Soviet military strength and the swell with pride, because those who course of American foreign policy. went before you worked to give us Sec'y of State Henry Kissinger today, standing here, this pride. has said flatly that "the dominance "And this is a pride in an institu- of Communist parties in the West tion that we think has brought great is unacceptable." happiness and we know has brought Tvarscki Vodka The State Department further great contentment and freedom of quotes Kissinger as telling U.S. am- soul to many people. But it is not bassadors in Europe that "it is diffi- yet done. You must add to it. cult to see how we could continue "Don't join the book burners. to have NATO dicussions if these Don't think you are going to conceal various Communist parties did faults by concealing evidence that TV— short for Tvarscki. achieve control of Western Euro- they ever existed. Don't be afraid in library and read every pean governments. . . . The alliance to go your Tvarscki is as crisp, clear and ." that document does as it now is could not survive. . . book, as long as dry as any premium vodka. of de- Certainly if Italy were cast out not offend your own ideas At an un-premium price. of NATO, the entire U.S. strategy in cency. That should be the only Vodka-drinking Americans the Mediterranean and the Middle censorship. who insist on value — East would come unglued. And once "How will we defeat communism without stinting on quality — Italian workers set their country on unless we know what it is, and what are switching to TV. the Communist path, history teaches it teaches, and why does it have such are so And that's the picture that the road back will be blocked. an appeal for men, why many will be people swearing allegiance to it? It all over the U.S.A. The impact on the West shattering. is almost a religion albeit one of the 80 • 90 • 100 proof Former Defense Sec'y James nether regions. The American Distilling Co., New York. N.Y. Schlesinger says U.S.-Soviet rela- "And we have got to fight it with

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 something better, not try to conceal stars and stripes in its flag. So when involved our Star-Spangled Banner. the thinking of our own people. They you fail to render respect to the flag As we approach the Bicentennial, are part of America. And even if of the United States, you display I hope that you will spend just a they think ideas that are contrary how little your word and character moment and look up at the flag that to ours, their right to say them, as a man is worth, how little you flies over our military bases, our their right to record them, and their regard your nation." schools and courts, our churches and right to have them at places where There is a happy ending. The synagogues, our homeland. At least they are accessible to others is un- young man was shaken by my to this First Sergeant it is a symbol questioned, or it isn't America." words. After a session in my office, of everything I love about our coun- he told all who would listen that be- try. We must not ignore the signif- Letters to the Editor fore he or I left that base, he would icance it has in our daily lives. So win my respect. He did, and has many have given so much so it can Sir: I am a First Sergeant, and I am since advanced himself both as an fly in 1976. not ashamed to say that I think like NCO and as a citizen. To me it was M/Sgt. Harry E. Burke, a First Sergeant. I offer no excuses, a significant moment and again it HQ Pacific Communications Area but it does color the way I see the world. For instance, I have always been fascinated by the American flag. Recently, my son became an Eagle Scout. There was a flag in the room where his mother and I proudly watched as he received something In thirty years, he'd worked very hard for. It has al- ways been that way. Every time you can give it to something good happened to me there is always a flag nearby. It al- ways catches my eye. At Sampson your grandson. AFB in basic training, as I stood at That's because Schrade Old Timer Knives attention, squinting in the glare of are hand-crafted to last from generation the sun, I could see the flag flying to generation. Each knife goes through more across the drill field. Later, on so than 100 hand operations. Over 100 care-fl many bases and squadrons it was al- ful inspections. We've been working ways there. this tried-and-true way for more than Several years ago, on one Air 70 years. There's just no other way Force base, a group of children and to make a great knife. Ask your their football coach halted practice grandfather. Schrade Cutlery to stand at attention while evening Corporation, New York 12428. retreat was being sounded. The chil-

June 14 Is Flag Bay

dren stood reverently as the colors were lowered, but the tranquility of the scene was broken when a young sergeant walked by. The coach, a sergeant of about equal grade, called to the man and reminded him of his Sharp Finger (Above) duty to stand fast and salute. The Drop Point Hunter (Below) young NCO turned on his heel and mm deliberately pressed on toward the barracks. The next day I got in- volved. I presented a letter of repri- mand to the offender. "You are hereby reprimanded. A citizen of any nation who does not respect its flag does not deserve to remain a citizen. In many countries in this world they do not. But a country built on freedom, such as America, is very tolerant even with its most undeserving, ungrateful cit- izens. When you volunteered to join the United States Air Force, you Old Timer@ took an oath to uphold and defend the things America stands for. All of by Schrade these things are represented by the

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . JUNE 1976 5 Artist H. Charles McBarron captures tension as Continentals face British at Guilford Courthouse in one of the most

From the outset, key British South, George Ill's world finally was generals named Rommel and Patton military strategists believed the "turned upside down" on a little tried to duplicate it—with tanks. American Revolution would be de- marked Virginia peninsula called The battle for Charleston began cided in the South. Yorktown. in 1776. The British put first pri- Food-rich, land-rich Virginia, The Southern campaign was the ority on control of this city's harbor, Maryland, the Carolinas and Geor- setting for some remarkable battles, with its port and mastery over river gia had resources that overshadowed notably at Cowpens and Charles- traffic through the Carolinas and in many ways the struggling ton, SC and Moore's Creek, NC. Georgia. business-commercial centers of Bos- The Cowpens battle is regarded During the first months of the ton, New York and Philadelphia. At by military scientists as one of the war, excited Southern patriots had various times between 1776 and 1782 technically classic battles in his- seized the governments of Virginia each of these northern cities was tory—comparable to Hannibal's vic- and North and South Carolina, forc- occupied by the British, but because tory over the Romans at Cannae in ing royal governors to flee. Britain the Redcoats could not control the 216 BC! Almost 200 years later, mounted a major attack to regain

6 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 patriots' flag from its pole at Fort Sullivan. Jasper, under heavy fire, scrambled out of the fort, picked up the flag and spliced a temporary pole in full view of the enemy. A mighty the South cheer went up as he secured the flag. Jasper refused a commission for his heroic act. Three years later he was mortally wounded during the siege of Savannah, GA, shot while placing another American flag on the ramparts of the Spring Hill redoubt. The British attempt to capture Charleston in 1776, if it had been successful, would have assured vic- tory to King George III. At Moore's Creek, two opposing armies jockeying for control over crucial river routes collided on Feb- ruary 27, 1777. Support of the King's cause from unlikely southern Scot loyalists might have turned the tide in the Revolution but for the "canni- ness" of the opposing Americans in this battle. At the outset of the Revolution, men like British loyalist Gov. Josiah Martin of North Carolina believed a small force would quickly put an end to the rebellion. He confidently organized a limited but experienced band of British regulars and Scot loyalists. His confidence—and his small army—met their end on a twisting, muddy little stream above Wilmington, NC, now memorialized as Moore's Creek National Military Park. After three cheers and a "skirl o' the pipes" the Scots and British reg- ulars advanced on a bridge only to Colonel Tarleton find that Col. James Moore's Ameri- cans had removed the planking and smeared the exposed girders with grease. The fire was heavy and the bridge a slippery nightmare. The Scots' ranks were decimated by musketry and swivel fire. Lt. Col. Donald McLeod and Capt. John Campbell were killed. The few sur- viving loyalists broke. The battle had lasted about three minutes, but his- torians are in general agreement that 3* * **''*«. the action at Moore's Creek discour- aged Scot support for the crown mportant actions in the South and thwarted British conquest of the South in those early days of the war. control of Charleston that first year Despite these early British defeats of the war but her naval squadron in the South, it looked for a time was driven away from Sullivan Is- during 1780 and 1781 as though Gen. land at the entrance to the harbor Lord Charles Cornwallis and Col. on June 28, 1776, and returned to Banastre Tarleton would still achieve New York to lick its wounds. During victory there. the action, a man named Sgt. Wil- But the Redcoats failed and therein liam Jasper (see cover) helped foil lies the story of America's victory the British strategy and became one in the Revolution a victory that of the storied heroes of the Revolu- — France helped make possible. tion. In the process he put his name on maps throughout America's Southern states. The campaigns that followed Lex- Francis Marion A chance British shot knocked the ington and Concord brought the Brit-

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 J ish New York City, but cost them 1779. French Admiral Charles d'Es- mixed force of infantry and cavalry, control over Boston and much of taing (an ancestor of Giscard d'- cut off Lincoln's possible retreat up New England. Their hopes of split- Estaing, President of France) joined the Cooper River and Lincoln's the the siege in early September, but he ting the colonies by capturing Americans surrendered May 12, 1780, Hudson River Valley virtually died failed to coordinate his fleet with the marching out of Charleston without when Gen. John Burgoyne surren- land offensive. When the American being permitted to display their dered at Saratoga. This battle is attack came on October 16, 1779, the colors. British defenders threw it in- counted among the ten most decisive back In many respects, the loss of in world history because it led to flicting heavy losses on the Ameri- Charleston was the most severe French intervention in the American cans. American setback of the entire Revo- Revolution and the eventual inde- lution: CHARLESTON, SC 2,500 Continentals and 2,000 pendence of the United States of militia surrendered, and the British America. Clinton now moved on Charleston. captured huge stores of arms and am- The British still held Canada, but With a force of 8,500 troops and 14 munition. Washington's elusive army—some- war ships, he left New York, Decern- times attacking, sometimes retreat- THE WAXHAWS, SC off balance ing—kept the Redcoats On May 18, Clinton sent three in the northern colonies and eventu- forces into inland South Carolina, ally forced the action southward. with Tarleton's cavalry acting as the The British decision to concentrate advance raiding unit of Cornwallis' its strategy on the South came in the army. Tarleton's raiders encountered spring of 1778. Gen. Sir Henry Clin- Col. Abraham Buford's Virginia ton replaced Sir William Howe as Continentals at the Waxhaws, near British commander in America. Clin- I the Catawba River and forced Bu- ton was ordered to evacuate Phila- ford's surrender. Tarleton's dra- VircjmiCL, delphia, establish his headquarters in goons, claiming that the Americans New York City and begin a con- had continued shooting after the sur- certed drive to regain control of the render, slaughtered Buford's men South. ' JJorth Carolina; without mercy. NJ The few survivors of the "Mas- MONMOUTH COURTHOUSE, sacre of the Waxhaws" spread fear Washington knew of Clinton's plan Moortis of Tarleton's legion, but they also to march overland from Philadelphia Guilford aroused a hatred of the British that to New York, and deployed Maj. Gen. tfCburt Creek* united divided patriots in a common Charles Lee to attack the marching House cause: revenge. British who were led by Gen. Lord Lincoln was replaced by Maj. Gen. Cornwallis. The attack came at Mon- i Horatio Gates as American com- mouth Courthouse (now Freehold). mander in the South. Congress made Lee's attack failed. Cornwallis coun- the appointment over Washington's terattacked and the Americans were head. Washington would have pre- in full retreat when Washington, en- ferred Maj. Gen. Nathanael Greene. raged by the fiasco, brought up the i Gates became virtually equal with main army, beat off Cornwallis and Washington, reporting directly to relieved Lee. Lee was later court- Congress. martialed and dismissed from the rCowpetys army. The battle itself was a stand- CAMDEN, SC his escaped off ; Cornwallis and army Gates rode south from Philadel- to New York City. Soidh Carolina; phia in a leisurely fashion with an British, ready to put their The army of 3,000 men, confident—al- "Southern strategy" into effect, could most arrogant—although his army not agree on tactics. Clinton regarded was already outnumbered. American South Carolina as the prime target. and British forces met near Camden, Vir- Cornwallis was convinced that SC, early in the morning of Aug. 16, ginia was the key. 1780. The British routed the Amer- icans and Gates fled the battlefield SAVANNAH, GA in great haste, reaching Hillsboro, Clinton began his campaign in the ber 26, 1779. Winter storms damaged NC, 180 miles away, in less than four fall of 1778, shipping 3,500 men from his fleet and delayed his passage and days. New York to Savannah, accompanied he didn't reach Johns Island, near Cornwallis, with the South seem- by a formidable naval squadron. On Charleston, until Feb. 11, 1780. He ingly at his mercy, did not pursue December 29, 1778, after a brief spent almost two months preparing the defeated Americans. Tarleton's battle, the British occupied Savan- his attack and reinforcing his army. men caught guerrilla leader Thomas nah. Within a month, they also cap- Meanwhile, Washington rushed Vir- Sumter on Aug. 18 at Fishing Creek, tured Fort Sunbury and Augusta, and ginia and North Carolina regulars to decisively defeating him. Two days all of Georgia was under their con- strengthen Lincoln's forces, who'd later, Francis Marion, "The Swamp trol. The state legislature convened moved his men to Charleston after Fox," attacked a British column es- under British authority. the loss of Savannah. corting American prisoners from Maj. Gen. Benjamin Lincoln, com- The British fleet sailed into Camden to Charleston, freeing 160 manding the Southern Department Charleston Harbor on April 8. Lt. of them. Congress asked Washington of the Continental Army, attempted Col. Tarleton, hard-driving com- to name a new Southern commander to retake Savannah in the fall of mander of the British Legion, a to replace Gates. Washington ap-

8 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976

I —

pointed Major General Greene—the mayed, assigned the retreating ca- last battle. When his army was re- man he had originally wanted for valry men to battle positions, put united with that of General Greene the job. his British Legion in the center and at Guilford Courthouse, Greene in- flanked it with massed infantry. His valided him to his home in Virginia. KING'S MT., NC full-tilt charge came at 8 a.m. The Greene, still outnumbered by Corn- Three weeks after his victory at Americans fired two or three rounds, wallis's pursuing army, avoided bat- Camden, Cornwallis marched toward then raced around the small hill, tle by keeping his troops on the move North Carolina, with Tarleton's le- running to the area where their until reinforcements arrived to give gion screening his front and right, horses had been tethered. The British him greater numerical strength than and Maj. Patrick Ferguson protecting dragoons, their ranks noticeably the British general. He returned to his left flank. The North Carolina thinned, charged the retreating mi- Guilford Courthouse on March 14, ar- militia, led by Col. William Camp- litia on horseback, hoping to cut ranging his troops in somewhat the bell, caught Ferguson's force at them down. Instead, they were met same formation Morgan had used at King's Mountain, on Oct. 7, 1780, by a solid American cavalry forma- Cowpens. On March 15, Cornwallis's and killed over 300 of his men. Al- tion under Col. William Washington 2,000 disciplined regulars hurled most 700 were taken prisoner. Amer- (a cousin of George Washington) themselves at Greene's mixed army ican casualties were less than 100. that stopped them cold. of 4,300 Continentals and militia. Morgan rallied the retreating mi- It seemed certain that the Amer- NINETY-SIX, SC litia and re-formed them into an icans would win, but Greene was re- Brig. Gen. Daniel Morgan returned effective fighting force that poured luctant to launch an all-out to service as General Greene's right- concerted fire into the advancing counterattack. hand man. He had been out of the A seesaw battle ensued. Finally, army for a year—disgusted at Con- Greene withdrew. gress's failure to promote him after Cornwallis had won a hard-fought his key role in the victory at Sara- battle, but it was a classic Pyrrhic toga. He took command of a seasoned victory ; he had lost one-fourth of his force of 1,100 militiamen that in- army, and he could not afford to cluded hundreds of sharpshooters fight another battle in hostile coun- and guerrillas. On Dec. 29, 1780, a try. He had no choice except to re- raiding unit of Morgan's force sur- treat eastward to the British held prised a band of Tory partisans at port at Wilmington, NC, leaving most Ninety-Six, in western South Caro- of North Carolina in American con- lina, killing or wounding 150 and trol. taking 40 prisoners. Britain still retained a tight grip on much of South Carolina. On April "THE COWPENS," SC 25, 1781, Cornwallis began a long Cornwallis, alarmed by Morgan's overland march toward Virginia, raid, sent Tarleton with about 1,100 leaving Lord Francis Rawdon in men to destroy Morgan's army. Mor- charge of the Southern command. gan withdrew to a thinly wooded sec- NINETY-SIX, SC tion in the great bend of the Broad River known as "The Cowpens." Ninety-Six, site of Morgan's suc- Morgan assumed that Tarleton cessful 1780 raid, was put under young, eager and aggressive—would General Morgan siege by Greene. It held on for a full lead a headlong charge against the month until Lord Rawdon arrived Americans. He knew also that many British. An American bayonet charge with reinforcements. Rawdon rea- of his militia units might break in followed, and Colonel Washington's lized that Ninety-Six was not worth the face of Tarleton's initial charge. cavalry slashed into the rear of holding and, once Greene had with- Accordingly, Morgan stationed two Tarleton's infantry and mounted drawn, destroyed the fortifications. units. Tarleton ordered his last ca- lines of sharp-shooting militiamen, EUTAW SPRINGS, SC placing them 100 yards apart in a valry reserve into battle, but seeing long clearing that backed up to the their comrades in full retreat, they Both armies were now exhausted Broad River. ignored his order and dashed from by the midsummer heat. Well behind the lines of sharp- the field. Tarleton, after one small Rawdon became seriously ill and shooters, and hidden by a small hill, clash with Washington's men, turned returned to England, leaving Lt. Col. were Morgan's cavalry. Woods to follow his retreating men. Alexander Stewart in command. flanked the clearing on either side, In two hours of fighting, Tarleton Greene marched his men into the but they were far enough back to had seen 110 of his men killed, over High Hills of Santee for six weeks give neither shelter for enemy rifle- 200 wounded and about 800 taken of rest and recuperation. In late Au- men, nor to permit an unexpected prisoner. All the guns, ammunition gust, Greene broke camp and set out flank attack. Morgan ordered his mi- and baggage of the British were lost after Stewart's army. The two forces litia to fire two or three well-aimed to the Americans. Only a dozen of met at Eutaw Springs, SC, on Sept. volleys at close range, then with- Morgan's men died; 61 were 8, 1781, in the last pitched battle of draw behind the hill. wounded. The battle was a complete the American Revolution. About Tarleton's attack came at dawn double envelopment ; a repeat of Han- 2,000 men under Greene opposed a on Jan. 17, 1781, his cavalry gallop- nibal's textbook victory over the slightly larger British army of Tories ing in the lead. Fifteen horsemen Romans at Cannae. and regulars. The battle ended with the British holding a clear strategic were shot from their saddles in the GUILFORD COURTHOUSE, NC first American volley. The advance advantage, but suffering much heav- unit retreated. Morgan, suffering from arthritis ier casualties than Greene's army. Tarleton, surprised but undis- and other illnesses, had fought his (Continued on page 43)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 9 S. Henry Cho of Karate Institute demonstrates technique's power

young woman emerges from recreation, exercise and self-defense. that starts out swinging with the A the locker room wearing a In the United States, karate schools fingers spread apart to obstruct the baggy white gi, a two-piece cotton have multiplied from 20 to over 4000 attacker's view. uniform that hangs nearly to her in the last 12 years. There are dozens Never trying to out-muscle an as- ankles. Joining a group of 28 men of karate magazines; hundreds of sailant, the highly skilled practi- and women, she bows to the short, accessory shops. Karate enthusiasts tioner, called a karateka, uses rapid, stern young "master" and for the include nine Senators and Represen- coordinated feints that make the as- next hour follows cryptic-sounding sailant vulnerable. For example, an exercise orders without stopping. She An Ancient Secret attacker punches at a woman's head. lunges so hard at a would-be attacker Knees bending slightly, the woman that twice she crashes to the floor. Weapon Goes Worldwide tosses her head back just enough to Despite her determination, she re- pull the man's driving fist a few ceives only a frown from the master. tatives, who practice twice a week in inches farther than he'd intended. Others in the class who think they a gym under the U.S. Capitol. Eighty per cent of the man's body have improved their techniques cause Karate is a good deal more than weight is now tilted forward. With the master to grimace. But the only the mere forceful, openhanded chop her foot the woman merely taps a complaint anyone voices is at having that it appears to the untrained eye. certain muscle in his ankle to un- to stop this regimen so soon. They're Karate's unequaled power comes balance him. Gravity jerks his feet part of a class in Chicago that's from a repertoire of more than 50 out from under him. To keep him learning karate, the remarkable art basic techniques that thwart any down, the woman can strike the of self-defense that enables even a known tactic of an assailant and pro- "knife side" of a hand into a place 90-pound girl to subdue an attacker. vide stunning counterattack as well. on the man's neck that will momen- Today, the techniques of karate, No movement is wasted. Karate has a tarily stop the flow of blood to his for 15 centuries a closely guarded purposeful strategy from the first head, thus stunning him. secret of the Orient, are being taken shrill yell, which unnerves the at- The body has more than 40 such up worldwide, as a combination of tacker, to the tightly clenched fist sensitive "vital spots." If the woman

10 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 hits a certain muscle, for example, the man loses control of his limbs for a few seconds. If certain nerves are struck, he is temporarily para- lyzed. Anyone who has endured the numbing sensation in the elbow after striking the exposed "funny bone" knows what the reaction is like. Com- plained one would-be mugger whom karate turned into a wobbly victim: "This isn't self-defense; it's an am- bush." Karate requires long preparation and a training routine that involves the entire body. S. Henry Cho, black- belted president of the United Ka- rate Federation, teaches daily courses at his school in New York. For the first three months his grunt- ing beginners learn to stretch, squat, sit up, pivot, jump and perform some of the basic karate techniques. Some students have to strain to kick waist-high. Yet they must eventually kick as high as an assailant's chin. And they must kick just as high backwards. The simultaneous mental training is equally tough in any class re- taining the Oriental martial arts phi- losophy, which stresses that these techniques be used only for self- defense. Kneeling, a beginner spends ten minutes of every hour in mind-cleansing meditation. At the Kung-Fu, Wu-Su (self-defense and discipline) Temple in Newark, NJ, one of every three students eager to High kicks add to excitement of karate bout chop at someone quits after just watching an advanced class: nearly killed three bulls and broke the horns A skeptical male onlooker eagerly 30 per cent of their time is spent on 48 others. agrees to step onto the mat and motionless in meditation. The YWCA of the City of New "choke" a woman with both hands. It takes up to eight months to York teaches a self-defense course The woman raises an arm to trap the learn the mechanics of karate and combining some karate with the man's wrist between her shoulder three years to excel. The occasional gentler, non-punching sport of judo. and neck and then turns hard against bully who starts to learn usually Though judo looks like wrestling, it it, causing their combined weight to lacks the discipline to continue ; if he is the scientific use of crowbar-like bend the wrist backward. Yelling in becomes proficient, he loses his ag- leverage. Watch the results obtained pain, the man feels that the slightest gressiveness. Says Cho, "Karate by a mere beginner's class of women, movement will snap the bone. Some- turns bullys into gentlemen." of all ages, at the YWCA. one actually strangling the woman The color of the practitioner's belt Previous exercises had taught the could never have gotten off so lightly. denotes one of eight levels of pro- women 25 of judo's moves that sub- The tighter the attacker's grip, the ficiency, from the white worn by the tly shift their weight. Thus, it does quicker such a defense snaps the beginner to the black awarded to not matter if an assailant grabs a wristbone—as some muggers attest. those who have passed a test before woman's wrists from the front or her Of the 32,200 women who have a committee of accomplished black neck from behind. She yields to the completed this YWCA course, 140 belts. But a reminder comes with attacker instead of resisting. The were later grabbed by strangers bent each black belt: "You've only come man is unsuspectingly drawn so off on violence. All escaped—none with of age in karate." Traditionally, balance that the woman then needs more than a slight scratch—while there are ten levels of black belt, only to go against the weakest point either stunning or disabling the at- but only a few honored champions of the attacker's grip to pull him tacker. One airline stewardess be- ever seem to advance past the eighth. further off balance—letting the came apologetic after finding a A black belt's hands are so lethal man's own weight topple him. Since suspected rapist she had flipped had that they can break boards, bricks, judo draws much of its power from a broken shoulder and wrist bone. even blocks of ice. A responsible exploiting the adversary's weight, Comments one instructor: "The pun- black belt does not demonstrate on the larger attacker can be just that ishment fits the crime." anyone except when his hands and much easier to flip. Says the instruc- Karate's potentially lethal tech- feet are covered with foam-rubber tor, Judy Harris: "The mugger's size niques began as peaceful exercises in pads. In Japan, a karate buff fought doesn't matter. Bigger they are, the 520 A.D. when an Indian monk, Bod- 52 bulls, one at a time, using his harder they hit the deck—or that hidharma, traveled to China and bare hands instead of a sword. He hard sidewalk." (Continued on page 35)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 \\ —

The Many Faces of Russian Industry

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has brought no change counterpart. Most Soviet industrial By Prof. Ellsworth Raymond "Detente" in this emphasis. A new 1976-1980 equipment is about 17 years old. bitter lesson learned by Hit- five-year plan calls for a one-third Obsolete equipment and shortages of help explain why hand A ler's generals in 1941 haunts increase in industrial capacity, but equipment Western analysts who try to de- armament-related industries are to labor still plays a major role in cipher Soviet industrial capacity. grow 20 per cent faster than light Soviet coal mines, construction and When Nazi divisions plunged into industry, widening the gap despite transport. Russia that year, Berlin believed the fact that the heavy sector al- Advanced Western technology is that Russia lacked a cohesive ready consumes an estimated 75 per one obvious Russian goal. While industrial base. Only when panzer cent of Soviet industrial energies. American officials and manufac- spearheads captured several "dual Industry in the USSR has grown turers hesitate to release many prod- purpose" Soviet factories did Ger- about seven times since the end of ucts for sale to the USSR, West man intelligence and general staff World War II. It still trails the West Europe and Japan have granted experts begin to reevaluate Russian in technological developments, but it about $7 billion in trade credits. potential. The magnitude of Soviet has moved ahead of the United Overall, the Russian industrial preparations for war production States in the production of such capacity is rated about two-thirds sowed the first seeds of doubt in the basics as oil, steel, coal, cement, rail- that of the United States. At a Nazi empire. way locomotives and machine tools. glance the statistic is reassuring, but Ever since World War II, the From these basic industries Mos- three-fourths of the Soviet effort West has tried to analyze more ac- cow has fashioned more than half is concentrated in the heavy or curately the Soviet potential. Mos- the world's submarines and tanks, armaments-producing sector, only cow has tried to mask it. almost two-thirds of its intercon- one-fourth in the light or consumer the Bit by bit, however, a picture has tinental missiles and a decided ma- sector. In the United States, emerged of industrial planning jority of medium missiles and ratio is about 50-50. geared almost entirely for war medium bombers. There is debate over how much where the consumer is dealt with By the Kremlin's own admission, Soviet heavy industry is devoted only after military requirements are the Russian worker produces about solely to armaments. Some U.S. esti- met. half as much as his American mates run as low as one-sixth. The

12 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 dissident scientist Andrei Sakharov Aeroflot, the country's official air- tente cause the shift? Only the says it is closer to one-half. But all line, claims to be the largest carrier Kremlin knows. of it is military oriented. in the world. In 1975, Aeroflot flew Russia's new, published Five-Year Russia has a greater propor- 92 million passengers on half a mil- Plan for 1976-1980 doesn't even pre- tion of military-economic power lion miles of routes, which include tend to favor the consumer. Heavy vested in its industrial base regular flights to 69 foreign coun- industry is scheduled to expand than any other country in the tries. All Aeroflot planes are de- about 20% faster than light indus- world. signed and built by the Ministry of try, regardless of current shortages Analysis of information seeping Aviation Industry. of simple goods. "There will be from behind the Communist wall of Soviet airlines are an air force fuller application of the economic secrecy indicates a system totally reserve, and would convert to mili- potential to strengthen the country's committed to military needs, di- tary transport in a crisis. Neglect of economic might and defense capac- rected by military officers down to duty by Aeroflot pilots, managers, ity," say the planners. the smallest factory unit. mechanics or plane crews is a mili- Obscure industrial and legal jour- The sophistication of the appa- tary crime punished by army court- nals reveal the painstaking peace- ratus since Joseph Stalin's death in martial. Students in Aeroflot pilot time planning which mobilizes all 1953 has been dramatic. schools are under martial law. Soviet industry for future war. Stalin's Russia tried to build naval Because light industry is under- Almost 50 years ago, the Soviet

Kama shipyard, TU-144 supersonic jetliner, other planes, washing-machine plant demonstrate diversity strength without the crucial logisti- sized, Russia remains a land plagued government began openly forming a cal lifeline—a large merchant ma- by perpetual domestic shortages. vast network of "military" and rine which could supply long-range The Soviet press still complains "mobilization" offices attached to naval operations. Since 1953, the about the scarcity of simple wares every major economic organization. size of the Soviet merchant marine like clothing, shoes, dishes, kitchen These offices are staffed with army by registered tonnage has increased utensils, furniture, medicine, eye- officers who learn to mobilize the nine times, partly by buying Euro- glasses, paper and even bottles. To economic system by living with it. pean and Japanese ships but largely ease some of the embarrassing short- At the peak of the mobilization through a great expansion of Rus- ages, the industrial USSR is import- pyramid stands the USSR State sian shipyards. Russia today has the ing clothing from Czechoslovakia, Planning Committee, which bosses fifth largest commercial fleet in the furniture from East Germany, elec- the entire national economy. Army world, and is already competing tric light bulbs from Hungary, medi- officers on the committee plan arma- with Western shipping lines in Pa- cines from Yugoslavia, even eyeglass ment production, armed forces' sup- cific trade. Quietly but obviously the lenses from underdeveloped India. ply, industrial mobilization and USSR has acquired one-third of the The USSR Central Statistical Board economic warfare. world's passenger ships. Some of officially admits that the Soviet Just below this top-level planning them cruise as far as the Caribbean standard of living is only half the organization are the USSR cabinet and Australia. One-third of the American level. ministries. Every civilian ministry world's fishing vessels are now The published Five-Year Plan for has military offices and units. Six claimed by the USSR, and they sail 1971-1975 for the first time pro- industrial ministries are classified the seven seas fishing and spying. jected a faster expansion of light officially as war industry. They spe- For the first time in Russian history, consumer-goods industry than heavy cialize in radio gear, electronics the Kremlin has the shipping to war-potential industry. During 1971 equipment, conventional armament, support large-scale landing opera- this actually occurred. Then as U.S.- warships, warplanes and nuclear tions against distant continents. USSR detente began in 1972, Soviet weapons. There is even a trade The story is repeated in the air- statistics show that the emphasis union for defense industry workers. ways. returned to heavy industry. Did de- (Continued on page J^l)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 13 NELLY BLY.

Words & Music by S.C.Foster.

• • Americas i f f By LYNWOOD MARK RHODES Her name still has a vaguely fa- miliar sound, but it's safe to say that most Americans don't know who Nellie Bly was and what she did. Or that Nellie Bly wasn't her real name. Some 85 years ago, com- posers wrote songs about her, poli- ticians winced at the mention of her name and plain folks drove miles just for a glimpse of her. It all began in 1885 when editor George Madden thundered at readers of the Pittsburgh Dispatch that "a re- spectable girl stays home until some- one offers to marry her." The title of his scathing editorial was "What Girls Are Good For." There was only a smattering of women libbers in those days and Madden, like a majority of Americans, regarded long-skirted "emancipators" as not- always-amusing freaks egged on by other deranged females. The only concessions society made to a girl who flouted good taste and insisted on a "career" were teaching and nursing—provided she could talk a reluctant father into providing money for the necessary training. Other- wise, according to Madden, she had two sensible choices if a husband eluded her: remain a spinster for the rest of her life under her par- ents' roof or finagle room and board with sympathetic relatives as an un- paid housekeeper and nursemaid for their children. The newspaper received hundreds of letters about the editorial. All were in complete agreement; all

were from men ; all but one. The daughter of Michael Cochran, the late associate judge of Armstrong County, Pa., 18-year-old Elizabeth Cochrane (she added the "e") fairly sizzled with indignation. The country was playing ostrich, she told Madden. America was ignoring the brains and talents of half its citizens. Girls should take their rightful place in society alongside men where they could lead interesting, useful and profitable lives. But Elizabeth must have been frightened at her daring at the last moment. She left her let- ter unsigned. It was the last timid thing she ever did. The letter's blazing conviction and well-turned style intrigued Madden. The handwriting appeared feminine, ist coOTt-ofiiieJSoal^-District but he concluded it had to be written by a man who probably wanted a

14 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 irst Liberated Woman While Respectable Girls Stayed Home, Nellie Bly Was Circling the Globe

job. Surely no woman could write so bangs curled from beneath a rakish write under an assumed man's name. logically and so eloquently. He placed sailor hat. Except for a too-square She refused again. During the ensu- an ad in the Dispatch asking "the jaw, he thought she was exceedingly ing impasse, an office boy strolled by gentleman who wrote a letter criti- pretty. That was the trouble. He the open door whistling a popular cizing our editorial" to get in touch could not hire a woman reporter, es- tune by Pittsburgh's hometown com- with him. There might be an open- pecially a pretty one, even if she did poser, Stephen Foster. The song was ing for a reporter on the paper. write well. Besides, it was against "Nelly Bly." The catchy refrain set- Nothing happened for a week. Then his principles, to say nothing about tled the matter. Using a woman's an astonished copy boy burst into popular opinion. prerogative, Elizabeth Cochrane his office just as Madden was about The girl persisted. She pointedly changed the spelling and became to write the letter off as a joke per- reminded him that he'd thought her Nellie Bly. And Nellie Bly became petrated by a rival newspaper. There letter impressive. Madden wavered a legend.

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was a woman in the city-room, the and suggested she might write so- Her articles on divorce caused a lad exclaimed in amazement. Madden ciety news. She refused. She wanted sensation and were discussed almost almost swallowed his cigar. A woman to do "a series of articles on divorce." as much as the identity of the writer. in a newspaper office! He jumped "as though she had Readers were agog. Who was this "You sent for me in your ad," the stabbed him with the jeweled pin Nellie Bly? Was she really a woman young lady said, brushing past the she wore in her hat." In the Vic- or a male reporter in journalistic nonplussed copy boy. torian 1880's, divorce was a topic drag? Madden kept mum, totting up "She was dainty and slender and mentioned only in whispers, if then, the incredible jump in the Dispatch's stood about five-feet-five in high- and never in mixed society, certainly circulation figures as housewives buttoned shoes," Madden remem- not in newspapers. Still, her spunki- gossiped and businessmen argued bered, "modishly dressed in skirt and ness appealed to him. It was an iffy about the "meddling, immoral fe- jacket and wore a delicate ruching gamble but he decided to risk it and male." The furor merely whetted at her neckline." Reddish brown gave her the go-ahead—provided she Nellie's appetite. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 15 ;

PRESENTING TflE OLOBE-GIRDLER A GOLDEN GLOBE. THE ARRIVAL IN PHILADELPHIA*

Newspaper illustrators depict excitement of Nellie's triumphant return

She poked around sweatshops and speculated about her; Madden raised with her innocent good looks, of factories. She went into hospitals, her salary from $5 an article to $15 prison conditions—including the poorhouses, asylums, mills. She took (no small sum for a few days' work names of Americans "who had van- a job in a bottling plant where she in 1885) ; and her own co-workers, ished over the border and now exist worked alongside other women six the newspapermen of the city, gave on rations given them only twice a days a week, 14 hours a day, for $5 her an honor never dreamed of be- week." The lucky ones, she con- a week, while rats scurried around fore for a woman—they invited her cluded, were those who were "shot the floor. No one knew who she was to join the newly formed Pittsburgh in the back for trying to escape." and the harried women poured out Press Club. Madden asked if it Stateside papers widely copied her their hearts to her. The resulting ex- weren't now time that she begin firsthand reports, the first on-the- pose of working conditions rocked thinking of marriage. No, she re- scene accounts of Mexican life that Pittsburgh—of the bottles that broke plied. "Life can be a great adven- most Americans had ever read. She and cut the girls' hands to ribbons in ture," she said, in what was probably was still lashing out, criticizing Mex- long, ugly slashes ; of the water that the biggest understatement of her ican men for the way they treated splashed, hot and steaming, over career, "and I'm going to make it their women, when one American hands and faces at the washing sinks one." paper with her byline fell into the of the one toilet for both men and She started by talking Madden into hands of the government-controlled women on two whole floors of the sending her to Mexico. It was quite Mexican press. Authorities asked her factory. a coup, for it was dangerous for a to leave forthwith. For once, she Letters poured into the Dispatch gringo woman—and an unescorted didn't argue. She caught the next blasting "callous big business inter- one at that—to travel south-of-the- train for El Paso. ests." Sunday after Sunday, clergy- border in those days. Mexico had Nellie returned to Pittsburgh even men railed about "the unbearable been in a revolutionary upheaval more a celebrity than when she left cross of the downtrodden" until one ever since the execution of Emperor and promptly announced that her churchgoer said that "every right- Maximilian in 1867 and foreigners dream was "to fall in love, marry minded citizen of Pittsburgh felt were apt to get caught between war- a millionaire, reform the world and their salvation as a personal obliga- ring factions. work for a New York newspaper." tion." She sent back devastating stories Evidently figuring that the last was Overnight, her name was known about poverty, corruption in govern- the easiest, she headed for Manhat- throughout Pennsylvania. The public ment and, by flattering Latin jailers tan in the summer of 1887.

16 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 —

the On the morning of November 14, The magnet was "the blazing new improvement of conditions on Island 1889, Nellie clambered up the gang- meteor among American newspa- island. (It's called Roosevelt bombshell was another plank of the Hamburg Line steamer, pers," Joseph Pulitzer's New York today.) Her Augusta Victoria, in a costume that a daily circulation of "first" in journalism, says historian World. With pictured Iris Noble, "the first time anyone was to make history and be 250,000, it "had become the most penetrated the inner for years to come. She wore a blue profitable newspaper ever published" had actually insane asylum, ac- broadcloth dress, a camel's-hair coat, according to historian Frank Mott. workings of an the experience" a cap (somewhat like a jockey cap Nellie wasted no time zeroing in tually lived through with a brimmed visor) and toted one on the World. "Everyone in America and written about it. after the "mash- small satchel stuffed with her travel- wants to write for Mr. Pulitzer," Nellie next took and championed ing paraphernalia—a yellow muslin editor John Cockerill laughed, hoot- ers" in Central Park, girls some of summer dress, three veils, a pair of ing her away. She stood her ground. New York's working — years old who toiled slippers, several changes of flannel "Will you tell Mr. Pulitzer I'm here, them only 12 — for $2.50 a week. Nellie underwear, handkerchiefs, a jar of or shall I just walk in?" she de- in factories cold cream and a few other toilet manded, without the trace of a blush. called them "white slaves." In that she urged enactment of pi- articles, needles, thread and a supply It was a three-hour battle of words. expose, in the fair labor prac- of paper and pencils. In her pocket Cockerill lost. oneering laws was a 24-hour watch set to New Pulitzer's "nostrils quivered" and tices field. when she was 22, Nellie York time, and she wore another on he "blew out his breath with a loud By 1889, to conquer her wrist to record local times. A almost toppling his pince-nez needed larger worlds puff," chamois bag hung around her neck his nose, when Nellie demanded a off crammed with 200 pounds in Bank of explaining that she wanted to job, England notes and half as much in write about Blackwell's Island, an American gold and paper money "to institution for the insane poor in use as a test of the extent that Amer- New York's East River. And the ican currency is known outside the best way to do that, she calmly said, country." was to feign insanity and get her- It was precisely nine-forty and six self committed as an inmate. Cru- seconds o'clock when the ship sades were important to his paper's steamed away from American soil circulation and Nellie's nerve im- and moved slowly down the windy pressed him. Pulitzer hired her on bay. The World broke the news on the spot and gave her a $25 advance its front page the next day that she for the story. was off to challenge Fogg's record. In a hair-raising series of articles "NELLIE BLY TO MAKE AN headlined "Behind Asylum Bars" she UNEQUALED RAPID TRANSIT away the veil surrounding in- ripped OF THE GLOBE/' screamed the sanity, then the most feared and headline. hushed-up subject in America. If nothing happened to "the fe- "I left the insane ward with pleas- male Phileas Fogg," the story prom- ure and regret," she told wide-eyed ised, she would return in 75 days. readers, "pleasure that I was once Americans were aghast at her time- more able to enjoy the free breath Nellie in her heyday table—London by November 21st, of heaven; regret that I could not Paris on the 23rd, Brindisi in Italy brought with me some of the and that's exactly what she decided have Ceylon, travel-wise two days later, then to Suez, unfortunate women who lived and to do : conquer the world, Singapore, Hong Kong by Christmas, suffered with me and who, I am at least. In 1872, Jules Verne had Yokohama, San Francisco and back convinced, are just as sane as I was written a best- selling novel, Around in the World office on January 27th. and now am. From the moment I en- the World in Eighty Days. Its hero, itinerary called for split- tered the insane ward, I made no Phileas Fogg, had circled the globe in The second timing, yet no one was certain attempt to keep up the role of in- a wild series of adventures in less if the ship from Brindisi to Suez left sanity. I talked and acted just as I than three months. Nellie convinced daily, weekly or only occasionally. do in ordinary life. Yet, strange to Pulitzer that a woman could make Nor did anyone have definite knowl- say, the more sanely I talked and a similar trip, alone, with very little edge of the sailing schedules from acted, the crazier I was thought to baggage, and return safe and sound Suez to China. Worse yet, she was be. The Insane Asylum on Black- —and beat Fogg's record to boot. In setting out in winter and the typhoon well's Island is a human rat-trap. 75 days, to be exact. season in the Pacific, but Nellie It is easy to get in, but, once there Pulitzer liked the idea. "Manu- promised to send back cables of her it is impossible to get out." factured news" or stunts were a circulation progress every chance she got. Papers all over America picked up flashy way of building Atlantic crossing was ghastly, her gruesome stories and the nation and selling papers, as the Herald The one of the stormiest in years accord- was aroused to high indignation over had proved in 1871 when it sent ing to the ship's captain, and all the the treatment accorded the insane. Henry Stanley to find the long- except Nel- The Hamilton (Ontario) Times asked missing Dr. Livingstone in Africa. passengers were seasick lie. Six days and 21 hours after the obvious but unanswered ques- But the odds against Nellie's scheme fantasy, and leaving New York, she reached tion: "What is to prevent doctors in were great. Fogg was uni- Southampton, hopped the train to collusion with interested relatives the world in 1889 was still a and cabled the World that from putting sane people away?" verse of slow trains, coal-burning London nellie bly The New York City grand jury be- steamers and poor communications. she was fit as a fiddle, the other side, it told excited gan an investigation of her abomi- Though her idea sounded preposter- on readers on the 22nd. Among the let- nable disclosures, which resulted in ous, Pulitzer agreed to underwrite (Continued on page an appropriation of $3 million for the venture. kh) THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 17 . —

WASHINGTON Opposing Views by Congressmen on The Question . . PRO & CON Is Revenue Sharing

The five-year-old revenue sharing program has Furthermore, provid- become a landmark in making state and local ing funds only when the governments partners with the federal government, budget is balanced runs instead of clients. counter to economic re- Its "no strings" aid has enabled state and local alities. To cut off funds governments to decide, based on their firsthand when the economy is ail- knowledge of local problems, how funds can best ing is to deny funds when be spent to accomplish local goals—be they better they are most needed and fire protection, refuse collection, health and library can serve the most good services or public transportation. in our communities. Studies of the program across the nation have A smooth, continuous shown that without federal revenue sharing funds, flow of revenue sharing public service on the community level would se- funds is essential for Rep. Robert W. Kasten, Jr. verely certainly deteriorate and taxes would most long-range planning on (R-WI) rise. the state and local level. Studies have also found the program an effective An on-again, off-again revenue sharing program and efficient way to return federal funds to state and would prevent long-range planning. local governments—much more so than narrow cate- Even today, Congressional inaction on an exten- gorical grant programs which coerce state and local sion of the program—which expires in December governments into undertaking Washington- has impeded progress in American cities. It has left prescribed programs of no value to a community, or state and local governments dangling, unable to low on its list of priorities. plan for the future, and contemplating the dangers Certainly, revenue sharing is not the "cure-all" for of a relapse to dependence on categorical grants, our cities. But it is the substance that has fueled higher taxes and fewer services. the release of state and local governments from fed- The revenue sharing program is a tribute to efforts eral bondage, and strengthened their ability to solve in Washington to limit the tentacles of big govern- local problems on their own and meet their needs ment and shift decision-making beyond the banks as they see them, not as perceived by federal bu- of the Potomac to state and local governments, reaucrats thousands of miles away. where it belongs. Let's hope Congress lets it thrive. Some have argued that revenue sharing funds should be held hostage until Congress balances the federal budget. But that kind of plan should be ap- plied to ineffective or non-essential federal pro- grams—not to revenue sharing. While there is no question that the budget should be balanced, it would be far more realistic to with- draw funds for categorical grant programs in which federal bureaucrats dictate priorities and policies and impose them on reluctant state and local gov- ernments.

If you wish to let your Congressman or one of your Senators know how you feel on this

18 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 A Cure for Our Cities?

Revenue sharing is This problem should be solved by state govern- neither a cure for our ments expanding the local tax base rather than cities nor responsible fis- constantly looking to Washington for a bailout. cal policy for the federal I firmly believe that the entity of government government. which spends tax dollars should also be responsible For the federal govern- for raising those dollars. If local governments had ment to "share" revenue, been forced to raise taxes from local citizens rather there should be a sur- than getting a federal revenue sharing check from plus. During the five Uncle Sam, many frivolous uses of these funds years of this program, would not have occurred during the last five years. federal deficits totalled Federal revenue sharing should not be extended. $160 billion. Revenue I see two possible alternatives. One would be my sharing accounted for bill which prohibits revenue sharing unless those Rep. James R. Jones nearly $35 billion of those funds are part of a balanced or surplus budget. That (D-OK) deficits. would force Congress to set priorities for domestic These huge federal deficits helped fuel inflation. spending. It would force Congress to choose between Inflation rapidly increased the cost of local govern- revenue sharing and categorical aid programs. ment services. Now state and local governments The second alternative is to cut federal income want revenue sharing expanded to meet these rising taxes by $7 billion, the approximate annual cost of costs. It is a never-ending spiral of fiscal irresponsi- revenue sharing. Then if state and local govern- bility which must be stopped if we are ever to get ments want to increase their taxes, they can go to our nation on a sound economic basis. The time has the people and let them decide whether they want come to honestly tell the American people that our their local taxes raised, or forego for the time being financial resources are limited and that we cannot some of these local spending programs. solve problems merely by spending more money. Right now, revenue sharing has few federal strings attached. But I predict that as cities become dependent on these federal handouts, there will be substantially more federal "strings" attached. Even- tually, that could become the death-knell of local government responsibility. Certainly, revenue sharing should be eliminated for state governments. This year, 43 of the 50 states have surplus budgets. It makes little sense for the federal government, facing a $76 billion deficit, to

borrow money to send to states with surpluses. I have read in The American Legion Magazine for June the arguments in PRO The cities are a different problem. Tax bases for & CON: Is Revenue Shar- ing a Cure for Our Cities? local governments are very narrow. Demand for services grows, while the tax base remains the same. IN MY OPINION THE ANSWER TO THIS QUESTION IS: YES NO

SIGNED _

Issue, fill out the "ballot" and mail it to him. > ADDRESS

TOWN STATE.

You can address any Representative c/o U.S. House of Representatives Wash- ington, D.C. 20515; any Senator c/o U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. 20510.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 19 California's newest historic land- her payroll. Her eight-room house mark is a Victorian San Jose grew to 160 rooms, with three ele- house that rambles over six acres and vators and 50 fireplaces. Virtually is filled with stairs that lead no- every room contains curiosities. One where, doors open on blank walls, has four fireplaces and a spiral stair- windows look into empty closets. case with steps only two inches The house resulted from the occult apart; another features doors eight imaginings of Mrs. Sarah Win- feet high and doors four feet high. chester, daughter-in-law of Oliver F. The number 13 must have been Winchester, inventor of the famous important in Mrs. Winchester's imag- Winchester rifle. inings. Throughout the home are A seeress in the late 1880's con- chandeliers with 13 lights, ceilings vinced her that the untimely deaths with 13 panels, rooms with 13 win- of her husband and an infant daugh- dows. Forty stairways have 13 steps. ter were caused by "spirits" of those There are even 13 bathtubs. killed by Winchester rifles. Mrs. Winchester's eccentricities, however, also had practical results. The house has an intercom system; interior cranks that control outside Off The Highway shutters; magnifying glass built into some windows so she could see out- side trees and plants in perfect detail. "The medium told her the only "The home includes one of the way to stop the spirits was to buy world's finest antique glass collec- a home and always build on to it tions," adds Kittle, "gold and silver exactly as the spirits directed," says chandeliers, doors inlaid with Ger- Keith Kittle, manager of the state- man silver and bronze, and unique owned property. art windows." Sprawling 160-room house of Sarah Win- For 38 years Mrs. Winchester kept The Winchester house, valued at chester (inset) features scores of oddi- 22 carpenters and 18 gardeners on $5.5 million, is open to visitors, end ties, including stairs to nowhere.

20 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . JUNE 1976 . . .

Dateline Washington . .

WORLDWIDE ARMAMENTS SPREE. NOW A NATL COURT OF APPEALS? 'WAR' ON SCHOOL VIOLENCE.

confined to urban The Soviet Union has been outspending the national problem," not areas. United States on weapons ; but the U.S. exact statistics continues as the world's leading arms The report said that were not available but cited a Senate merchant , and the Near East — Iran, Israel listed an 85.5 Arab countries are the No. 1 committee survey which and the — against arms, according to the U.S. Arms ger cent increase in assaults buyers of in Disarmament Agency. students and a 77^4 p_er cent increase Control and between 1970 and The agency's latest annual report said assaults against teachers to the study, such violence our country sold weapons worth $4.1 billion 1973 . According an upward curve to other countries in 1974; while the is still on Russians delivered $2.8 billion worth, and England and France together sold $1 PEOPLE & QUOTES billion. The Arab countries, Iran and Israel purchased weapons worth $3 billion. BETTER AND WORSE A GREAT SYSTEM The Soviets have been outspending the "The fundamental differ- "Our system has been so United States on arms since 1971, and 1974 ence between better and successful and our aspira- worse has not changed over tions so high that we define was no exception. . .$103 billion to our the years; what has changed poverty at an income level Overall, the entire world is than the $86 billion. is the manner in which the which higher level of the seems to be on an arms spending spree, having better is ignored and the average income produced some $285 billion worth of weapons worse reported incessantly." world's second most powerful nation and 800% above the in 1974. Walter B. Wriston, chairman, Citibank, NYC. world average." Steve Ritchie, Vietnam war pilot-ace. Sen. Roman Hruska of Nebraska recently DAMAGING STRIPTEASE ONE IN A BILLION introduced a bill in the Senate to set up "I think we should realize new National Court of Appeals between that the striptease—or what- "A really damaging (nu- a gone clear) accident is in fact so Federal Appeals Court and the ever it is that we've the present through in the course of the unlikely that it is difficult to believe how Supreme Court last year—has done very con- estimate or even Senator Hruska, in introducing the bill, siderable damage to our in- unlikely it is—one in a billion years." Dr. Edward Teller, cited figures to show how the Supreme Court telligence apparatus . . . and I hope we are past the worst nuclear scientist. caseload has jumped — in 1951, approxi- of of these public revelations mately 1,200 cases were filed — 20 years operations." James Schles- SINS OF A DECADE later the number had tripled to 3,600. The inger, former Defense Sec'y. "We are not going to pay Court, meanwhile, has been hearing about for the sins of a decade by a that WORLD'S COP month of penance. Neither 150 oral arguments a year — a number man, business nor govern- "We are not the world's remained fairly constant. ment can continue to spend has policeman—but we cannot is more than it takes in. That He said that lessening the workload permit the Soviet Union or ultimately ends in financial not the principal reason for his bill... the its surrogates to become the collapse. Sec'y of the Treas- policeman either, if new tribunal "would fill a need for addi- world's ury William Simon. tional definitive declaration of national we care anything about our would hear cases security and the fate of free- NEW WAYS law." The proposed court dom in the world." Sec'y of must be found referred to it by the Supreme Court or State Henry Kissinger. "New ways or special to compensate people for in- transferred to it from appeals from negligence of HILL juries courts. ON CAPITOL others without having the "We House members write process take years to com- the nation's laws . . . but the plete and consume up to half ' s Law Enforcement The Justice Department Senators take the credit." (LEAA) recom- the damages awarded." Chief Assistance Administration Rep. John Brademas (Ind.) Justice Warren Burger. mends federal help in fighting the rapidly increasing violence and vandalism in CRESCENDO OF TENSION DEATH PENALTY

". . . are cases America' s schools. A report prepared for "The American-Soviet situ- there many firm stated ation is not getting out of where the death penalty is LEAA by a Philadelphia research only penalty available on control, but there is a rising the that robbery, gang warfare, assaults crescendo of tension." Dr. Z. that could possibly deter." teachers, fear and intimidation in U.S. Brzezinski, State Dept. con- Ernest van den Haag, pro- schools have become a "serious and costly sultant. fessor, N.Y. Univ.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 21 a — —

OF Widowhood...

Most Women Will Face it -of- Doe. publish John • j dojn Uherebyr* V make, t and »ng nund, bein8 of ^ revoke and annul all «*. Testament. I nereb, my last Will arl(i and declare this me. here.itofore made by

fit JC £ and income tax returns. valuable document he ever signed." JJT^, lose one's husband and face • Take an active interest in your It should contain: the emptiness of widowhood—many husband's x business—if there are • A detailed listing of money and women today undergo mental tor- some things you don't understand, property heirs can expect. ture in a tangled web of financial af- inquire about them. Keep up—and • An accurate account of all out- fairs." keep informed. standing debts—mortgages, pay- The problems of such women are • Know who your spouse's pro- ments and monies owed to others. increasingly the problems of men fessional advisers are—lawyers, ac- « Location of all real estate, esti- like W. Scane Bowler, chairman and countants, insurance agents, etc. mated value and suggestions for its chief executive officer of Pioneer • Know your husband's trusted use or disposal. Western Corporation, a national fi- business associates. • The numbers of all checking nancial services organization based • Read everything you sign and savings accounts plus a list of in Clearwater, FL. even if your husband tells you it all credit cards. "The more affluent the head of the is just an inconsequential paper. • A complete inventory of all family—usually the more compli- • Know the person or bank your stocks, mutual fund shares, warran- cated his estate," says Bowler, who husband has chosen as executor and ties and purchase receipts. also heads the Western Reserve Life trustee to carry out his will. They • A summary of all benefits from Assurance Company and Pioneer should be people who know and un- one's company insurance program Mutual Funds, subsidiaries of Pio- derstand you and your life style. profit-sharing endeavors, etc. neer Western Corp. "The widow, • Be aware of your husband's fi- • Location of all personal papers already grieved by her husband's nancial liabilities—don't let yourself —will, birth and marriage certifi- passing, is often confronted by insur- in for a traumatic discovery that he cates, military discharge. Names of mountable financial entanglements. is heavily in debt. all insurance companies and agents, "A 'survivor's kit' is needed— • Have a reasonable amount of along with policy numbers. basic set of do's and don'ts for the cash available for immediate needs. • Names of all people and or- many women who may someday be What can the husband do to pro- ganizations to be notified—relatives, widows—but do not wish to be wid- tect his wife? friends, business associates, clubs ows in financial straits. ... It is best "The average husband has an and social and fraternal organiza- to consider widowhood under con- overwhelming interest in his fam- tions, lawyers, banks and Social trolled circumstances rather than ily," says Bowler, "the well-being of Security office. under stress and strain." his wife and children is uppermost • Funeral arrangements. A con- Bowler says a "survivor's kit" in his mind. Yet, many leave their fusing and heartbreaking matter should include these points: loved ones in the midst of uncer- survivors can be spared if last wishes • Know if your husband has an tainties and confusion. clearly spell out one's preference. up-to-date will. Know where it is. "One excellent method is to pre- • Any special desires for the fu- » Have a duplicate key to your pare a letter of instruction to his ture of the family. Suggestions on husband's safe deposit box. Know its beneficiaries. This letter, unlike a how they can manage without you contents—and better still, make and will, is a personal expression of his will help ease fears and trials. file photostats of the paper contents. thoughts and regard for his family. • Most appreciated: details of Keep lists of all insurance policies, It reflects the love of a husband and facts needed to sell a home. deeds, mutual funds shares, stocks father, and might prove the most Copies of this letter of instruction

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 a —

should be made for a lawyer and/or equity program and savings. and precious jewelry. a trusted friend. Other copies should But what if the wife precedes the "As in the case of the husband, be placed where the family can husband in death? Many married the wife should leave a letter of in- easily find them: one attached to the couples neglect to consider this pos- struction indicating all desired ar- will, one in a safe-deposit box and sibility. A woman needs a properly rangements. It should include the one wherever family papers are drawn will just as much as her hus- educational and religious programs kept. band—yet it is often overlooked. she wishes for her offspring. The letter should be dated and the "Loving her family—and assum- To capsule all the areas discussed: information kept up-to-date. ing that all her possessions will go to 1. Know the location of all ac- Now the will. her choices—is simply not enough," counts and the inventory of your Where there is a will, there is a says Bowler. "She needs to have a safe-deposit box. way—the right way. valid will spelling out her bequests. 2. Know your husband's lawyer The personal letter recommended "And just as in her husband's and know that your wills and estate above is just that—personal. The case, keep it up-to-date. planning are in order. legal document is something else. "Women who collect—and most 3. Check on the adequacy of cov- "Too many people simply fail to do—should specify exactly to whom erage and the location of insurance consider the suitability of proposed items should be left. She should policies. bequests in making out wills," says state the approximate, real and in- 4. Find out about pension plans. Bowler. "An able lawyer is always trinsic value of paintings, antique Know the facts m'am—know the the first person to be consulted in furniture, objets d'art, heirlooms facts. drawing a will. This is a legal piece of paper that spells out exactly how an individual desires to have his as- sets distributed after his death— WIDOW'S LEXICON vital part of estate planning." Legal terms that a widow en- —under the age at which he or she There are three important steps counters are a language of their own. is accorded full legal rights. before the drawing of a will. Here's a lexicon of "widowese": Nuncupative will: An oral will 1. Inventory the estate. Know Adjusted gross estate: The gross made by a person on his deathbed your assets—and their value. estate minus funeral costs, adminis- who is conscious of the possibility of 2. Consider making gifts of some tration charges and estate debts. death in the near future. It is de- assets before death. Annuity: A contract that provides clared in the presence of at least two 3. Discuss with an attorney and/ the widow with an income for a witnesses and later put in writing by or accountant the best means of specified period or for life. someone other than the testator. keeping the estate taxes to a mini- mum. Bequest: A gift of personal prop- Original asset: Stocks, bonds or erty by will; a legacy. other property received in a trust at A husband with the best inten- Claim against estate: A demand the time of its creation, or an estate tions could put an unfair burden on made upon the estate. A common at the time of appointment of the his wife, for example, by simply example would be the claim sub- executor or administrator. naming her heir to a large portfolio mitted by a creditor for a debt owed Personal effects: Goods of a per- of stocks and bonds. Without the him by the deceased at his death. sonal character: clothes, jewelry, time or knowledge to manage such Descent: The passing of real prop- etc.* investments, she could face problems. erty by inheritance. Register of wills: In some states It may be wiser for the husband Estate tax: That which is levied the name of the officer before whom to specify in his will that the equity by the federal government on an wills are offered for probate and investments be sold his death upon estate. The state levy is called an in- who grants letters of administration. proceeds to his and the given widow heritance tax. Settlement: Distribution of an es- or put into a trust fund—or that a Family allowance: An allowance tate by an executor or administrator. the in- specific third party manage out of the estate provided for by Tenancy in entirety: Property vestment portfolio for her. statute and granted by the court to jointly owned by man and wife. At In the case of real estate, a per- help tide over the surviving spouse the death of one, all property passes son who is not in a position to and/or children during the period to the surviving spouse. Tenancy in properly manage the property could the estate is in process of settlement. common is jointly owned property find conceivably such a bequest an Gift Causa Mortis: A gift of per- it is partitioned so that the spouse's unwelcome one. It might be better if sonal property made by a person in share may be willed to whomever he instructions were included in the will expectation of death, completed by designates. for the sale of the real estate, with actual delivery of the property, and Testamentary trust: One that is the money then given to the bene- effective only if the donor dies. part of the last will and testament. ficiary—or, again, to provide for Heirs-at-law : The persons who in- If a will does not exist, the spouse adequate outside management. herit the real property of a person will have died intestate and will "Suitability is an especially im- who dies without a valid will dispos- have surrendered the privilege of portant consideration when minors ing of his property. disposing of property in keeping and small children are involved," Inheritance tax : A tax on the right with his own ideas and wishes. says Bowler. to receive property by inheritance. Voluntary trust: A trust created "Today's woman knows that plan- Joint return: A surviving spouse by voluntary act and not conditioned ning is no longer the exclusive prov- with a dependent may take advan- upon his death—the same as a liv- ince of the husband," says Bowler. tage of federal joint income tax ing trust. "The wife should take part in any rates for two years. Widow's allowance: The allow- discussion regarding financial plan- Kindred: Persons related by blood. ance of personal property made by ning—long or short range." Legacy: A gift of personal prop- the court to a widow for her im- The three basic elements of finan- erty by will. mediate requirements after her hus- cial planning are life insurance, an Minor: A person under legal age band's death. end

THE AM! RICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 23 Bicentennial Landmarks July 4th Belongs to Philadelphia

Independence Hall and picturesque Elfreth's Alley are major attractions for 1976 visitors to Philadelphia

July 4, 1776 was a sultry, sunny that day in the shops and tea houses the national observance July 4 when day according to Philadelphia along Philadelphia's brick sidewalks the Liberty Bell will be sounded at newspapers and for most of the and tree-lined cobblestone streets. 2 pm (EDT) and will be echoed by city's 35,000 people the goings-on at The first newspaper to print the local bells ringing simultaneously the State House on Chestnut Street Declaration of Independence, The across the nation. Because of the did not rival the importance of daily Pennsylvania Evening Post, shoved crack in the Liberty Bell, it will be chores, Gen. George Washington's it between an assortment of mun- tapped, not rung, by members of the problems at New York or the threat dane advertisements. The Maryland Sons of the American Revolution. of a British invasion at Charleston. Gazette didn't even give it Page One. The sound will be amplified electron- The largest and most sophisticated But what all Philadelphia may not ically and broadcast. city in the New World hardly seemed have realized fully in 1776 has been At one minute after midnight last ready for its role as capital of the realized since. The Fourth of July Jan. 1, the Liberty Bell was moved United States of America. In fact, a belongs to the City of Brotherly from its home in Independence Hall good many Philadelphians did not Love. This 200th anniversary of the in ceremonial procession to the new believe the "radicals" of the Second signing of the Declaration of Inde- glass-walled Liberty Pavilion which Continental Congress would go as far pendence finds Philadelphia the focal the National Park Service designed as to declare the colonies free and point of the Bicentennial celebration to afford a maximum number of visi- independent of Mother England. and the happy, harried host to mil- tors an opportunity to see and touch What Americans proclaim 200 lions of visitors. the symbol of American indepen- years later was not so self-evident President Ford is expected to lead dence.

24 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . JUNE 1976 —after the Liberty Bell—will be: • Independence Hall where the Declaration of Independence was signed. • Carpenter's Hall where the first Continental Congress met in 1774. (It was the home of the Master Car- penters of Philadelphia.) • Congress Hall where the Consti- tution was drafted in 1787, where President George Washington was inaugurated for a second term in 1793 and where John Adams was inaugurated in 1797. • City Hall which was the forum for the United States Supreme Court in its earliest years. • City Tavern, a 1773 hostelry that housed many of the signers of the Declaration of Independence and was called by John Adams "the most genteel" tavern in America. Paul Revere came there in 1774 with the news that the British had closed the port of Boston. It was from City Tavern that the Philadelphia Com- mittee on Observation, Inspection and Correspondence sent out the call for the First Continental Congress. • Franklin Court on Market Street where Benjamin Franklin lived and died. Rebuilt by the National Park Service, five homes once owned by Franklin or associated with his ac- tivities reflect the life of Philadel- phia's most famous citizen. Exhibits include a working print shop, a newspaper office, a post office and examples of Franklin's ideas on architecture and fire prevention. • The First Bank of the United States, possibly the oldest bank building in America. Its exterior dates from 1797; it's interior from 1902. The building now houses an exhibit of the development of the executive branch of government. • The Second Bank of the United States, a handsome restoration of an early example of Greek revival architecture. The building houses a The pavilion is part of a $50 mil- national gallery of famous Revolu- lion federal program to spruce up tionary War and Federalist Period Philadelphia's historic sites for the personalities. Bicentennial. The city has spent an • Betsy Ross House on Arch additional $48 million preparing for Street, a tiny colonial home, where a tidal wave of tourists. Planners ex- the seamstress is said to have de- pect 20 million visitors in the Bicen- signed the American flag. tennial year—a million on July 4. • Thaddeus Kosciuszko House just The daily summer average is ex- outside the boundary of Philadel- pected to be about 160,000. phia's National Historical Park, Anticipating that most will come where the Polish military engineer by car, Philadelphia has been con- who built some of Washington's verting every available space into most important fortifications made parking—even an unfinished two- his home. The restored house is now mile strip of Interstate 95 near Inde- pendence Park. Philadelphia landmarks include It would be virtually impossible to (top to bottom): Home of Betsy count Philadelphia's landmarks and Ross, Carpenters' Hall, William restorations. (A state booklet lists Penn statue atop City Hall and 106 attractions). The most popular Second Bank of the United States. THE AMERICAN Tourists view Liberty Bell in new pavilion; X-ray shows famous crack a museum dedicated to the Polish Eastman Kodak carried out the inal metal in an effort to make it less patriot. X-ray inspection as it did on Miche- brittle. Its tone was described as a Philadelphia traces its history to langelo's Vatican work "The Pieta" "bonk" so it was cast a second time 1682 when William Penn, a Quaker before it was moved from Rome to by Pass and Stow, this time with minister, received a land grant from the 1964-65 New York World's Fair. satisfactory results and this third the British king. Penn negotiated a The technique has been developed bell was hung in the State House treaty with Indians giving him con- for foundries to assure that castings tower on June 7, 1753. This is the trol over a tract encompassing a 30- have no hidden defects. Liberty Bell. mile radius of Philadelphia. Within In 1751, the Pennsylvania As- Little is known of Pass and Stow. a year he attracted more than 3,000 sembly ordered from Thomas Les- They did manage to put their names immigrants from several European ter's Whitechapel Bell Foundry in on the bell in letters as large as countries. Penn's statue today looks London: "a good bell of about two the slogan, along with the year: down on the center of Philadelphia thousand pounds weight, the cost of "MDCCLIII" (1753). The Assembly from the dome of city hall. which we presume may amount to also ordered a change in inscription In addition to the Fourth of July about one hundred pounds Ster- so that "By Order of the Assembly" observance, Philadelphia this year is ling " The bell was to be hung became the second line. However, host to some 700 conventions and in the State House to commemorate Pennsylvania was misspelled and eight national sports championships. the 50th anniversary of the granting came out "Pensylvania." first official ringing In August it will be the site of the of the state's Charter of Privileges, The bell's 41st International Eucharistic Con- the democratic constitution William came on August 27, 1753 when the gress, which will attract an estimated Penn gave the colony in 1701. Assembly reconvened. It tolled in one million Catholics. A visit by In the written order to the times of protest and on special oc- 1761 to Pope Paul VI is a possibility. bellmaker, the group instructed. casions. It rang on Feb. 21, ". the accession to the British Preparations for Philadelphia's . . shipped with the following proclaim big year have sought to anticipate words well-shaped in large letters throne of King George III; and on pub- every eventuality; one of the most round it, viz: By Order of the July 8, 1776 (not July 4) at the unique involved an X-ray study of Assembly of the Province of Penn- lic reading of the Declaration of the Liberty Bell itself. sylvania for the Statehouse in the Independence. The Franklin Institute and the city of Philadelphia, 1752 and under- It cracked on July 8, 1835 while Eastman Kodak Co. carried out the neath 'Proclaim Liberty throughout being tolled as the body of Chief project, making a radiograph 7 feet all the Land unto all the Inhabitants Justice John Marshall, who died by 52 inches that laid bare the frail- Thereof—Lev. XXV X'." The Bible on July 6, was being taken from state of ties of the 222-year-old bell. quotation is part of God's instruc- Philadelphia to his native The radiograph, the largest ever tions to Moses on Mount Sinai. Virginia. Repaired to celebrate made on a single sheet of film, shows The bell arrived in September, Washington's birthday in 1846, after additional shrinkage and cracks in 1752 and Philadelphians gathered in ringing its "last clear note," it the 2,080-pound bell, according to the State House yard to hear it ring cracked beyond repair. Dr. Karl E. Dorschu of the insti- out. It cracked on the first strike and It has been rung cautiously since, tute, but while monitoring is recom- according to its makers "it was the but with a rubber mallet. On D-Day, mended, there appears to be no only bell from Whitechapel's to have 1944, its muffled sound was broad- danger that cracks will grow. so cracked in 400 years." It was cast over network radio. The bell belongs to the city of turned over to two workmen in Phil- Those planning Bicentennial visits detailed Philadelphia. It is in the custody of adelphia, John Pass and John Stow, to Philadelphia can obtain '76, the National Park Service which re- who melted it down and recast it. information from Philadelphia tains the Franklin Institute to care They added 1% ounces of American 12 South 12th Street, Philadelphia, for the bell. copper for every pound of the orig- PA 19107. —G. M. Lowe.

26 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 . . . —6 ,

VETERANS A DIGEST OF EVENTS WHICH ARE NEWSLETTER OF PERSONAL INTEREST TO YOU JUNE, 1976

VETERANS POPULATION, INCOME STATISTICS R. H. Swentek, Reston, VA, Legionnaire RELEASED BY VA - In last six months of 1975, and Common Cause member. veteran population increased by 100,000 according to annual report issued by Vet- VA BENEFIT PAMPHLET - The 1976 edition of erans Administration. . .On Jan. 1. , there "Federal Benefits for Veterans and Depen- " were 29 , 559 , 000 veterans reaching back to dents, a 57-page pamphlet reflecting latest survivors of Spanish-American War. . . Of that changes in VA benefits, including medical total, 25,872,000 are eligible for mem- care, pension, disability compensation, bership in The American Legion. . . VA says GI home loans, life insurance, burial bene- 13.5 million are veterans of World War II, fits, the GI Bill, vocational rehabilitation f while 7.9 million are Vietnam era veter- and dependents education assistance , is ans. . . Calif ornia has most vets, 3.2million, being distributed by Veterans Administra- with New York second with 2. 5 million. . tion to its field offices. . .The IS-1 Fact Some 225,000 veterans reside outside U.S. Sheet also contains summary of benefits

VA says , with 159 , 000 being serviced by San administered by other federal agencies

Juan, Puerto Rico , regional VA office . . including Small Business Administration

Average age of all veterans is 46. . .Veterans loans. . .Copies can be obtained for 95 cents are better off than non-veterans. . .VA says from Superintendent of Documents, Gov- male veterans had median education of 12. ernment Printing Office, Wash. , D.C. 20402. years and median annual income of $11 , 360 during calendar year 1974 covered in re- MILITARY MIGRATION RESEARCH REPORT - port. . .Non-veterans had median of 12.3 years Between 1965 and 1970, military personnel 6f education and median annual income of represented 11.6% of all interstate movers

$7,430 during same period. . .As of June and 14.2% of interregional migrants , ac- 30, 1975, VA says there were 562,000 female cording to Census Bureau study made by veterans. . .An estimated 300,000 served in Dr. John F. Long. . .He says veterans do not

World War II , nearly 117,000 in Vietnam ; necessarily return to home state and many some 75,000 served during Korean conflict stay in general region where last stationed. and 13 , 000 served in World War I Of nearly 17 million Americans moving be- tween states during five-year period, HOUSE APPROVES $1.8 BILLION MORE FOR nearly two million were military personnel VETERANS PROGRAMS - By vote of 397 to 6, entering, leaving or remaining in armed the House of Representatives voted to add forces. $1.2 billion Fiscal Year 1977 budget au- thority and outlays for veterans benefits OVER NINE MILLION HOME LOANS GUARANTEED and compensation, and another $610 million BY VA - Veterans Administration says it has to extend educational benefits for veterans guaranteed 9 , 001 , 120 home loans to veterans two years beyond current 10-year limit. since program began in 1944. . .Loan value

(See page 29 this issue. ) Senate , in its first totaled $119 .7 billion and nearly 4.8 mil- concurrent budget resolution, approved only lion have been fully repaid. . .Veterans of $19.3 billion for veterans benefits. With World War II, Korea, post-Korea, and Viet- House total now approximately $20 billion, nam era have benefited from liberal loan conference between Senate and House is policies. . .VA offers loan guaranty, direct necessary before final total is approved loans and grants for specially adapted for FY 77. . .Legion pressing for higher House housing for severely disabled veterans. total. . .Legion feels that is minimum amount necessary to insure cost-of-living OHIO SEEKING ELIGIBLE VETS FOR BONUS - increases in veterans benefits, Ohio Vietnam Veterans Bonus Commission compensation and educational allowances asking eligibles to apply before deadline with emphasis on critical areas. expires. . .Says it has processed only 370,000 of anticipated 500,000 applications REVOLUTIONARY SOLDIER IN TOMB OF UN- and feels many veterans are not aware they

KNOWNS PROPOSED - House Veterans Affairs are eligible. . .Commission suggests Committee considering proposal to inter veterans or next of kin call immediately remains of unknown Revolutionary War soldier for information. in or near Tomb of Unknowns , Arlington

National Cemetery, Wash. , D.C. . .Rep. FREE BOOK S FOR D ISABLED VETERANS - Pros- Richard T. Schulze (R-PA) introduced bill pect House, Inc., Falls Church, VA, sponsors endorsed by 208 House members and national free book distribution program for dis- committee of Daughters of the American abled veterans . . .Write 7777 Leesburg Pike Revolution. . .Proposal was spearheaded by Falls Church, VA 22043.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 27 AMERICAN LEGION NEWS AND VETERANS AFFAIRS

- JUNE, 1976 ROBERT H. MAUS, HAWAIIAN STUDENT, WINS LEGION'S ORATORICAL CONTEST

"We should not look for perfection in government—neither should we ac- cent the negative." This statement helped Robert Halversan Maus win the 1976 American Legion National High School Oratorical Contest. Maus, an 18-year-old senior at St. Louis High School, Honolulu, HA., won an $8,000 scholarship at national finals held April 15 at Springfield, IL. He plans to major in law or journalism and is considering the University of Hawaii, University of Southern Cali- fornia or UCLA. Second place winner was John P. Mullen, 16, a junior from Milwaukee, WI. He was awarded $5,000 scholar- ship. Helen A. Bures, 17, a senior from St. Petersburg, FL, took third place and $3,000 scholarship. Fourth place and $2,000 scholarship went to David history, the Bill of Rights and other F. Abernethy, 17, a senior from Harris- failings of presidents and vice presi- matters concerning the history of the burg, PA. dents." he said: Past National Commander John H. "We seem bent on destroying our U.S., "I realize that we cannot sustain Geiger represented the National Legion heroes at a time when heroes are as ... so." the fever pitch of activity planned of at 39th national finals. Department of scarce as hen's teeth. It was always sponsored 1977, but the elimination of crass com- Illinois was represented by its Com- Mullen, the runnerup, was mercialism of the Bicentennial and ig- mander, Edward F. Brennan. by Police Post 415, Milwaukee. He Uni- norance surrounding our Constitution, To reach finals, students must first wants to attend Northwestern Bicentennial will be privations happily accepted. win local, regional and sectional con- versity. His topic was "The After calling Especially if 1977 and the years which tests. The program is responsibility of And The Constitution." follow it mark not a return to business Legion's National Americanism Com- attention to the commercialism sur- the 200th as usual, but rather, of the continua- mission, chaired by Daniel J. O'Connor rounding our celebrating tion and expansion of the great Bicen- (N.Y.). More than $450,000 in scholar- anniversary of our nation's birth and a large percent of tennial era of which I have just ships is donated each year. Each state pointing out that our spoken." winner gets $500 scholarship and funds Americans are not familiar with "But now in our Bicentennial, just are provided by The American Legion 200 years ago, the outcome will be de- Life Insurance Trust Fund. termined by the people—You and Me. Title of Maus' winning oratory was "Get-Out-The-Vote" So isn't it time for us to finally make "The Constitution: A Document for "Get- our Declaration and say: Freedom Tested by Time." (All oratory The National Americanism Amer- "Let us begin the real Bicentennial. must be based on the U.S. Constitu- Out-The Vote" campaign of The is being given special The Party's Over." tion). Maus emphasized that The Con- ican Legion Bicentennial and na- Helen Bures, second runnerup, plans stitution was an instrument that "would emphasis in this to attend Duke University and major bend but not break." He said it has tional election year. prepared in co- in law or medical research. She was stood the test of time and: A promotional kit, effort between Americanism sponsored by Post 272, St. Petersburg, "With all our faults, unemployment, operative Relations, is avail- and was active in the Girls State pro- political scandal, bussing, pollution, and National Public Departments wanting gram. She used the theme: "The Con- inflation, recession—We must be doing able for use by bulk-shipped stitution The Voice of The People." something right. The whole world looks to participate. Kit will be — ." at no cost to Department headquarters Fourth place winner David Aber- to us for guidance or assistance . . nethy plans to attend Syracuse Univer- Maus, sponsored by Post 35, Hono- in sufficient quantities for Post distribu- sity and major in broadcast journalism. lulu, closed by saying: "Today some of tion. have been sent to all He participated in Boys State and was us scoff at detente with Russia, agitate Sample copies and adjutants sponsored by Post 272, Linglestown, over the crisis in the Mideast, lament Department commanders National American- PA. His topic was: The Constitution: or contribute to national cynicism di- and to members of commissions. "Courage and Responsibility." rected at the economy or the follies and ism and Public Relations

28 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 Manpower VA Budget Proposals Cuts Scored

After completing a comprehensive The American Legion is deeply con- two-year study of overall manpower cerned that proposed Fiscal Year 1977

requirements of the Department of Budget for Veterans Administration is Defense, the Defense Manpower Com- inadequate to properly handle its mis- mission (DMC) has released its final sion. National Commander Harry G. report listing some recommendations Wiles has written appropriate members that support mandates of The Ameri- of Congress, as well as Legion officials, can Legion. Other findings are expected asking support for VA funding. to stir up debates within both Con- In a memo to all Legion Department gress and the Pentagon. Commanders, Adjutants and appropri- Some major conclusions in the 500- ate Commission members, Wiles said: page plus report are: "We are confronted with a crisis in • DMC noted with "grave concern" our efforts to have adequate budget ap- that recent Administration actions have proved by Congress for veterans pro- reduced the viability of a standby Se- grams for fiscal 1977. Your assistance lective Service. It recommends annual is urgently needed if we are to prevent registration and initial classification be irreparable harm being done to these resumed, standby draft be reconsti- veteran programs." tuted with adequate funding to com- Wiles said House and Senate Budget mence inductions within 30 days, and Committees now have mandatory re- regional system for operating system sponsibility for recommending total in event of emergency be maintained. spending ceilings for all federal pro-

(Legion stressed its opposition to re- grams. Senate Committee has set VA duction in Selective Service program to spending ceiling at $19.3 billion for President Ford and three Congressional FY 77, or $1.1 billion less than Senate committees) Veterans Affairs Committee said is needed. • DMC recommended 30-year re- House Budget Committee rec- tirement system, with vesting after 10 ommended less—$18.2 billion. years and earlier retirement for those Senator Alan Cranston, member of serving in combat duties. Senate Veterans Affairs Committee, unsuccessfully offered amendment to • DMC said military personnel increase ceiling. Rep. Roberts, should have "Bill of Rights" stating Ray chairman, House Veterans Affairs benefits accruing from military service Com- mittee, was to offer an to make sure any changes would not amendment to Space Needle Will Be up the House ceiling to billion. apply to people already in service. $19.4 Cmdr. Wiles wrote to each member • DMC said prospects for sustain- Convention Attraction of the House Budget Committee: ing peace-time all volunteer force will The famed Arches of Science outside "The American Legion believes the depend on economic situation. It said Pacific Science Center is one major at- ceiling must be raised to an amount its success is directly linked with bene- traction for The American Legion's sufficient to assure full cost-of-living fits such as medical care, commissaries 58th National Convention scheduled for increases in veterans entitlement pro- and exchanges since they have an im- August 20-26 in Seattle, WA. Another grams, including GI educational allow- far pact on morale exceeding monetary is Space Needle, complete with nation's ances; provide for urgently needed costs. first revolving restaurant. Convention improvements in the medical and hos- • DMC said the definition of a "vet- Headquarters will be at Washington pital program; continued expansion of eran" for the purpose of Veterans Ad- Plaza Hotel, while American Legion the national cemetery system and im- ministration benefits should include only Auxiliary Eight and & Forty will use plementation of pension reform legis- those who have served in the military Olympic Hotel. Sons of American Le- lation, to name but a few . . . during wartime or during period when gion will be located in Snoqualmie military draft was in effect. Room at Seattle Center. Legion's na- Vietnam Era Vet • DMC said a Defense-funded edu- tional convention office will open Heads Membership cational assistance program should re- August 16 at Flag Plaza Pavillion. Con- Robert W. Spanogle, a Vietnam era place the educational benefits provided vention programs include a Musical veteran, has been named director of by the GI Bill and the program should Spectacular August 21 and annual pa- the American Legion Membership di- be utilized as a recruiting management rade on August 22. National Com- vision, succeeding J. Lloyd Wignall. tool for both active and Reserve forces, mander's dinner will be held August 24, Wignall has been named director of the with benefits granted only on a selective while Auxiliary States Dinner is set for Internal Affairs division, succeeding the basis to help meet critical skill needs. August 25, both at Seattle's Exhibition retiring C. W. "Pat" Geile. The changes • DMC said U.S. security and tran- Hall. Lawrence E. Hoffman is National are effective Aug. 1. Spanogle, a native quility is unconditionally dependent on Convention Chairman and William H. of Lansing, MI, joined the Legion in unsevering obedience of each member Miller is National Convention Director. 1972 and in 1975 became assistant to of the armed forces and recommended Details may also be obtained from Geile. He served in Germany with the all officers, commissioned and warrant National Convention Corporation of 24th Infantry. He was president of the and non-commissioned, be expressly Washington, Inc., Mayflower Park National Association of Collegiate Vet- prohibited from membership in any Hotel, 40 Olive Way, Seattle, WA erans in 1970-71, while at Michigan union. 98101. Phone 206 682-7610. State University.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 29 NEWS' Legion Members Living Outside of U.S. Are Diplomats for the American Way

Williston (ND) Cowboys American Legion Drum & Bugle Corps, (left photo) march through waterfront district in Volda, Norway, to concert hall during Norway tour last fall to publicize U.S. Bicentennial Year. At right, a Bennington Flag is presented to Eric Emborg, president of Rebild National Park, Denmark, by John G. Rae, Jr., vice commander of Annable-Lund Post 1868, Bay- port, NY, at last year's Fourth of July celebration in country.

At left, members of Alan Seeger Post 2, Mexico City, Mexico, pose with some of 500 students of Legion School, La Magdalena Petlacalco, during Three Kings party given by Post. In back row, left to right, are U.S. Marine David Ragland; Post second vice commander Jorge Ravelo; commander Sam Atkins, and Stan Krzemienski. In right photo, Harry Bruce Shannon, center, pre- sents Legion Pennant to Jack Nash, chairman, Legion Club, Gloucester, England, during return visit to city where he met and married Mrs. Shannon (second from right) while serving as Gl in World War II. Shannon is past post commander of Manoa Post 667, Delaware County, PA. Others in photo are Royal British Legion and city officials.

A friendly letter from Max Davis, territories outside the continental limits France, in 1919. Pershing Hall, home Commander of Apartado Postal 834, of the U.S. Some belong to "exile" of Paris Post #1 is still a mecca for Cuernavaca, Mexico, reminded us that posts in Vietnam and Cuba. Others are Legionnaires visiting the French capi- thousands of active Legionnaires are in Guam, Korea, Japan, Okinawa, Wake tal. Here's a look at recent reports of living abroad, serving daily as diplo- Island, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Legion activities abroad: mats for the American way of life. Bermuda, England, Ireland, Hong Some reside in areas openly unfriendly Kong, Italy, Denmark, Greece, Panama MEXICO to the U.S. Their activities, Davis sug- Canal, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nether- Davis says his post is involved in gested, may interest stateside Legion- lands, West Indies, Belgium, Germany, community affairs in an effort to offset naires. Sweden, Ireland, Peru, Canada, Aus- anti-American propaganda. Last year, As of March 1976, there were nearly tralia and the Philippines. a Mexican girl won The American 17,000 members of The American Each is a reminder that The Ameri- Legion Award on the subject of the Legion living in over 30 countries and can Legion itself was founded in Paris, U.S. Constitution. On Dec. 7, Ameri-

30 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 cans and Mexicans in Cuernavaca commander of Post 667, Havertown, TV Star Dedicates Housing entertained each other in a civic fund- PA, and past Delaware County com- raising program. mander. He made a return visit to This year, The American Legion Bi- Gloucester where he met and married centennial Convention was scheduled his wife over 30 years ago. June 3-5 at Hotel Casino de la Selva, Making an occasion of his return, Cuernavaca. Program included a color- the local Legion Branch staged a pre- ful Mexican charro, garden tour of sentation followed by evening of en- beautiful homes, a Broadway produc- tertainment. Branch Vice President tion, dances, Indian folklore exhibits Tom Herbert presented Shannon with and other cultural events. plaque and certificate of membership, At Alan Seeger Post 2, Mexico City, while Shannon replied with an Ameri- a "Three Kings Day" holiday fiesta can Legion pennant. Over 100 per- was held Jan. 6, the traditional day sons, including some of his wife's Mexican children receive gifts. The relatives attended. party was staged for 500 students of The American Legion School at La NORWAY Magdalena Petlacaloco. In 1956, the In Norway, the Williston (ND) Michael Learned, star of CBS TV Series Post laid cornerstone for the sixth-grade Bugle Corps American Legion Drum & "The Waltons," helped dedicate "Olivia's grammar school and continues to assist made what may have been the first Valley," a 64-unit, low income, senior with maintenance and upkeep. tour of this type throughout that coun- citizens housing project at Talent, OR, sponsored by Legion Post Medford, Following the fiesta for children on try last year. Director Virgil Syverson 15, OR. Shown with star, are Granvil Britt- school grounds, a "comida" was held and 27 members visited such cities as san, left, Department Vice Commander; for the school staff and Legionnaires. Konsvinger, Alesund, Volde, Sykkylven and T. Les Galloway, right, Department Local merchants, including subsidiaries and Forde. The Corps traveled as part Commander. of U.S. firms, participated. of a 165-member troupe of amateur/ NOW IS TIME TO CONSIDER THE PHILIPPINES musicians and actors. Purpose of tour was to publicize na- P-U-F-L LEGION MEMBERSHIP From out in the Pacific, Filadelpho tion's Bicentennial in hopes of attract- Now is an excellent time to take out B. Alzate, first vice commander and ing groups of Norwegians to the U.S. a National Paid-up-for Life (P-U-F-L) adjutant of General Sharp Post 92, Troupe featured musical concerts on Membership in The American Legion Davao City, Philippines, reports that America including barbershop quartet since most members will soon be billed the post, only a year old, has partici- and square dances. A group of five for this year's annual dues. pated in many civic functions. It af- Sioux Indians were part of show. The national P-U-F-L plan was fords service to veterans, widows, Since the Norway tour, the "Festival adopted by the Legion's National Ex- orphans and dependent parents. It was '76" troupe has been busy performing ective Committee in October 1974 to active in the last nationwide celebra- in North Dakota and Montana. This commence with 1976 membership year. tion of Rizal Day, in honor of Dr. Jose July, after a short tour of Washington, Since that time more than 2,000 Legion- Rizal, national hero of the Philippines D.C., it will represent North Dakota naires have joined and this number is (1861-1886), whose writings on re- at Philadelphia Bicentennial program expected to double or triple this year, forms for the Philippines from Spain July 8. according to program officials. led to his execution and martyrdom. Under the national P-U-F-L member- Establishment of the Post opened DENMARK ship program, Post members in good frontiers of Southern Mindanao to For over 63 years the American standing may, with some exceptions, in- veterans service, Alzate says. It is one Fourth of July has been celebrated at sure a lifetime membership by paying of ten posts on the island of Mindanao, Ribild National Park in Denmark. Last a set fee based on age and amount of and only Post having its Auxiliary own year, in honor of our coming Bicen- Post dues. A brochure is available list- Unit composed of war widows and tennial programs, a large Bennington ing costs for each age bracket and Post daughters of deceased veterans of Flag was presented to Ribild Park on dues structure. World War II. Gerardo L. Penas is behalf of The American Legion by Applications for P-U-F-L member- post commander. Madame Loreto B. John G. Rae, Jr., vice commander of" ships can be obtained from your post or Bretana is president of the Auxiliary Annable-Lund Post 1868, Bayport, NY. department, or by contacting The Unit. Each year, between 20,000 and American Legion, Att'n Paid-up-for- CANADA 40,000 persons visit Ribild to celebrate Life, P.O. Box 1055, Indianapolis, IN the U.S. Fourth. At these times, well- Department Adjutant Arthur J. 46206. Your application should be known American figures speak at offi- Davignon Sr., reports that Larry filled out and presented to your post cial ceremonies held there. Included Marino is commander of the new Post adjutant with proper payment. It is then were Walt Disney, ex-President Nixon, 20, Calgary, Alberta, and that Post I, forwarded to National Headquarters Sen. Hubert Humphrey, Dr. Ralph Montreal, has the first woman com- through your Department. Bunche and Danny Kaye. mander in Department history. She is Departments having own paid-up In an Lincoln Mrs. H. Rena Chaplain, of St. Lambert, 1934, American Log membership plans and not participating Quebec. Cabin was built at the Park with logs in national plan are: Colorado, Kansas, The 52nd Annual Convention of the from each of the U.S. states. Inside Maryland, Nebraska, Ohio, Oklahoma, Department of Canada was held May are displayed objects of early American Pennsylvania, Virginia. history. 7-8 in Montreal. New Department of- During this period many Danes Departments not having own plan ficers and delegates to the National were active in settling America. and not participating in national plan Convention at, Seattle were elected. At last year's July 4th celebration, are: Delaware, Florida, France, Geor- an American destroyer and several U.S. gia, Illinois, Kentucky, Massachusetts, ENGLAND cultural and entertainment groups par- Mexico, Minnesota, Nevada, New Carrying Legion comradeship to En- ticipated. The U.S. Air Force Band Hampshire, New Jersey, North Caro- gland was Harry Bruce Shannon, past provided patriotic music. lina, Philippines, Wisconsin, Wyoming.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 31 Legion National Band Available The American Legion Senior Na- tional Champion Band of Post 1284,

Joliet, IL, is expanding this year's con- cert tour to cover all sections of the country. The band has played for na- tional convention audiences since 1946 and holds record for most Legion state and national "First Place Honors." Capable of playing any type of music, the Legion's National Band is available for concerts at all regional and local post events. Contact: Gene Pozzi, Di- rector of Projects, Joliet Legion Band, P.O. Box 371, Joliet, IL 60431. Architect Peter Florio's Concept of New Post Lounge James A. Boyle Honored Legion Posts with Libraries? The Maine Legislature, by a joint order, cited James A. Boyle for "out- standing achievement and exceptional American Legion Posts with librar- "Even McDonald's—with 3,600 out- compared to the Le- accomplishment" as founder of Legion's ies? lets—is small fry count Boys State program. Boyle guided the New center-city posts in brownstone gion," says Goldberg. "The latest program since it was launched in 1948. town houses or remodeled stores and shows more than half of the 16,000 or restaurants." Boyle, who will be 90 in August, offices? posts operate bars Legion served as Maine Department adjutant New suburban posts with roof-top The 1974 Roper poll gave the involvement. for 45 years until he retired in 1964. swim pools and dance floors? high marks for community data He was a founder of the Legion, serving Electronic game rooms, closed-circuit Confronted with the Legion dining-entertain- in Paris, France when it was organized, and videotape television sports centers, from Roper and the and is a past president of the Society of living-room/ bars where drinks and hot ment projections of the other survey, intriguing post American Legion founders. food are dispensed from electronic Florio came up with an carts? concept. "Atmosphere involvement" dining He concurred with Roper on the re- Legion Memberships Up the inner city, pointing out that rooms where curtains form a 360 de- vival of On March 30, day before cutoff date being invested gree movie screen on which is pro- more and more money is for American Legion Birthday turn-ins, old buildings rather jected a romantic scene, say Honolulu's in the restoration of national membership in Legion was construction of new ones. Waikiki Beach, complete with the sound than the 2,504,794, an increase of 56,815 over in future of roaring surf? Florio sees lending libraries same date one year ago. he predicts rising It's all possible, even probable, during Legion posts because of city and the next 10-20 years, according to A. costs will force a reduction branch library services. The Peter Florio, a noted Chicago architect county American Legion Life Insurance town- design consultant. three- or four-level brownstone or and Month Ending March 31, 1976 points out, Florio's projections are based on two house type of post, he also activities. January 1, 1976- surveys by the Elmo Roper public opin- will allow dispersal of post Benefits paid March 31, 1976 $ 587,826.60 includes a dis- ion research organization, one in 1974 One of his designs even Benefits paid since April 1958. . $20,416,925.17 (number). 157,720.5 for Vietnam vets, obviously! Basic units in Force directed at The American Legion itself, cotheque— New applications approved since Jan. 1, 1976 1421 in 1975 directed at national the other POSTS New Applications Declined 431 dining and recreation trends. NEW New Applications Suspended posts were re- (applicant failed to return The surveys and Florio's projections The following new Health Form) 495 were commissioned by Legionnaire Ber- cently chartered by The American Le- The American Legion Life Insurance is an official program of the American Legion, nard Goldberg, chairman and president gion: adopted by the National Executive Com- decreasing term insurance Distilling Company, Seldovia Post 9, Seldovia, AK; Eloy mittee, 1958. It is of The American issued on application to paid-up members of Post 89, Eloy, AZ; Post 20, Calgary, The American Legion subject to approval Inc. employment statement. Canada; Mid Florida Lakes based on health and The 1974 Legion survey emphasized Alberta, Effective Jan. 1, 1976, death benefits range $60,000 (6 units through age 29, 25 m 1.3 million to 1.8 mil- Post 330, Leesburg, FL; Claude E. Ab- from a potential for a Ohio) in decreasing steps to $125 (V2 unit at over bott, Jr., Post 1095, Harvey, IL; Anson age 75 or over). Previously, maximum was lion gain in Legion membership through- Wadesboro, NC; Hert- 4 units This protection is available the next decade, particularly in urban County Post 31, out life, as long as the annual premium is member of The ford County Post 309, Ahoskie, NC; paid, the insured remains a areas. American Legion, and the Plan stays in ef- Mus- at a flat rate The dining-recreation survey projects Bicentennial Memorial Post 1776, fect Available up to six units per unit a year on a calendar year B. McCormick of $24 a return to neighborhood and club- kogee, OK; Christine basis, pro-rated during the first year at $2 month per unit for insurance approved a revival of Post 111, Bonanza, OR; John B. Wilson a like entertainment centers, after January 1. Underwritten by two com- the Occi- tavern" and a rebuilding Memorial Post 261, Charleston, SC; mercial life insurance comapnies. the "corner Insurance Co. of California and Mansfield, TX; dental Life cities as suburban land values soar. Mansfield Post 624, United States Life Insurance Co. m the City of Insur- Lake Worth Post 627, Fort Worth, TX; of New York. American Legion Life Noting that the Roper survey empha- ance and Trust Fund is managed by trustees Missouri. No a community Pownal Post 90, Pownal, VT; Annan- operating under the laws of sized the Legion role as may use the full words Annandale, VA; other insurance and social center, Goldberg pointed out dale Post 1976, "American Legion." Administered by The American Legion Life Insurance Division, largest Wallace-Rose Hill Post 377, Wallace, that the Legion constitutes the P O Box 5609, Chicago, Illinois 60680. to further details. chain of private clubs in the world. NC. which write for

32 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 Jack Selavka (1976), Post 74, Fairfield, CT 8, S. Boston, VA DEATHS Denby Patton (1973), Post 235, Ft. Walton Arthur Dahmer, Norman Deakins, Henry Beach, FL Greene, Clarence Grow, Arlie Leonard, Frank Chimelewski, Stanley Ralph, Percy Lucas (all 1976), Post 12, Grafton, WV Albert A. Cree, 77, Rutland, VT, Past Charles Laham, Orville Kretzer, Henry Thomas Burmeister, Oscar Hartman, Waldschmidt (all 1975), Post 155, Harvey, IL Henry Smith (all 1973), Elmer Christenson, National Vice Commander (1947-48), Richard K. Whyte (1976), Post 264, Lake Phillip Eron (both 1974), Post 9, Wisconsin Department Commander (1946-47). Forest, IL Rapids, WI William Doorbosch, Frank Drechsler, Sr., Walter Zieman (1974), Samuel Busse, Edmond Foster, William Gilson, Trueman Daniel Hanley, Harlow Hellstrom, Anthony Golightly, Bernard Gromell (1976), Post 728, Kliebhlan (all 1976), Post 180, Milwaukee, Chicago IL WI Charles R. Tips, Dallas, TX, president Emil Beyrer, Earl Schmidt (both 1976), Richard W. Veach, John Winland, Stan- Post 323, Connorsville, WI leigh Cribben of Society of American Legion Found- (all 1975), Post 20, Crown Edwin Cruckshank (1975), Post 64, Medi- Point, IN cine Bow, WY ers. He attended St. Louis Caucus on Arthur Baker, Arthur LaBelle, Lloyd Wal- May 8-10, 1919. ters (all 1976), Post 238, Roselawn, IN Life Memberships are accepted for pub- Charles Hicks, Jr., Joseph Slugantz, Jr., lication only on an official form, which we D V.L. Slade (all 1976), Post 8, Lexington, KY provide. Reports received only from Com- John McGovern, Jr., Edward Mahoney, mander, Adjutant or Finance Officer of Post Albert Charles Linenthal, 82, Chicago, Jerome Boorty (all Post which awarded the life membership. LA 1976), 218, Algiers, IL, alternate NECman (1935-37) They may get form by sending stamped, Fred Thompson, Joseph Feudale, Joseph self-addressed return envelope to: Mierzwinski (all 1976), Post 268, Wheaton, "L.M. Form, American Legion Magazine, MD 1608 K St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006" Gerard Marrocco, Robert Tillman Fairey, Roger Marrocco (both On a corner of the return envelope write 85, Latta, SC, 1974), James Diliello, Pasquale Panaggio, the number of names you wish to report. (both 1975), Patrick Panaggio, Nick Gentile National Historian (1953-57), and De- No written letter necessary to get forms. (both 1976), Post 440, Newton, MA partment Adjutant (1937-44). Horace Aldritt, Halvor Bang, Harry Carl- berg, Robert Larson, Earl Mann (all 1975), Post 259, Excelsior, MN OUTFIT REUNIONS Frank Had (1976), Post 415, Barnum, MN Reunion will be held in month indicated. Frank Griffith McCormick, 81, Fuller- Victor Allman (1975), Post 442, Riverview For particulars write person whose address Gardens, MO is given. ton, CA. While holding Legion mem- F.H. Anderson, Carl Andreasen, Arthur Notices accepted on official forms only. bership in South Dakota was Depart- Brown, Walter Chapman, Carl Hagedorn, For form send stamped, addressed return Ralph Marshall (all 1976), Post 239, Hay envelope to O. R. Form, American Legion Springs, ment Commander (1924-25), alternate NE Magazine, 1608 K St., N.W., Washington, D.C. Harry Schwartz (1976), Post 238, West Pat- NECman (1924-29) and NECman 20006. Notices should be received at least erson, NJ five months before scheduled reunion. No Adolph Pantore (1975), Post 143, Bronx, (1929-30). NYC, written letter necessary to get form. NY Earliest submission favored when volume Paul Nearpass (1976), Post 366, Seneca of requests is too great to print all. Falls, NY COMRADES IN DISTRESS Lawrence Boats (1970), Gerald Peete (1974), Herbert Wills (1976), Post 1142, Niag- AIR Readers who can help these veterans are ara Falls, NY 3rd Air Serv Gp (WW2)— (Aug) Walter urged to do so. Usually a statement is John Scott (1975), Frederick Johnson needed in support of a VA claim. Post Baker, 216 Arthur St., Zelienople, PA 16063 (1974), 1287, Chittenango, NY 10th Air Depot Gp— (Aug) Bowman, Notices are run only at the request of Marcello Crescente (1974), Post 1771, Wm American Legion Service Officers represent- Brooklyn, 3844 Waterbury Dr., Dayton, OH 45439 NY 36th Ftr Bomb (Aug) Stachel, ing claimants, using Search For Witness Ray Hull, Ray Wyatt (both Wg— Al 701 N. 1976), Post Easton Rd., Willow Grove, 19090 Forms available only from State Legion 129, Central Point, OR PA 45-17B Bombardiers— (Aug) Art Goss, 302 Service Officers. Lloyd Coleman, Bruce Cramer (1952), Paul Creamer Pleasure Dr., Yorkville, IL 60560 USS Joseph B. Eastman—Need information (1970), Tommy Everett (1971), 65th Trp Carrier (Aug) from any comrade Francis Fleagle, Wilbur Frey, (both Sqdn— Bud Hawkey, who remembers Her- 1976), Box #16, New Madison, 45346 bert A. Rainer Post 223, Shippensburg, OH received back and leg in- PA 369th Ftr Sqdn—(Aug) Anthony Chardella, juries while going to battle John Luton Sr., Cloud Bond (both stations and 1976), 105 Mohawk Trail Dr., Pittsburg, PA 15235 was unable to move for a week. Contact Post 927, Gilbert, PA 384th Bomb Gp— (Aug) PO Box 766, Wall "CID #322, The American Legion Maurice Matson (1974), Post 263, Hetland, Maga- St. Sta., New York, NY 10005 zine, 1608 "K" St., SD N.W., Washington, DC 388th Bomb Gp H— (Aug) Edward Hunt- 20006." Emanuel Patterson (1975), Post 801, Hous- ton, TX zinger, PO Box 965, Cape Coral, FL 33904 606th AC & W Sqdn (Peongyangdo Islands) 407th Bomb Sqdn (92nd James Reaves, Ernest Loftis Post Bomb Gp)—(Aug) —Need information from any comrade (1975), George Reynolds, 710 Stewart Ave., Co- who recalls Walter W. Henricks sustained lumbus, OH 43206 a back injury when tail assembly pinned 464th Bomb Gp (Aug) Casey Skowronek, claimant — against ocean bottom during sal- Inmate Legionnaires PO Box 1088, Dubuque, IA 52001 vage. Contact "CID #323, The American 831st Sqdn, 485th Bomb Gp— (Aug) Howard Legion Magazine, 1608 "K" St., N.W., Attend UT Woodyard, 3539 Butternut Dr., Lambert- Washington, DC 20006." ville, MI 48144 19th Inf Rgt, APO 24 (Korea)—-Need to hear Two members of Post 103, located 863rd Ord HAM CO— (Aug) Ray Busching, from any comrade who recalls Willard J. 519 Edlora Rd., Hudson, IA 50643 Padilla injured his back from a fall off an at State Penitentiary, Nashville, attend 880th Gd Sqdn—(Aug) Walter Nelson, on M 48 tank. Contact "CID #324, The Ameri- Bear Lake, Garden City, 84028 University of Tennessee under educa- UT can Legion Magazine, 1608 "K" St., N.W., Bataan & Corregidor Surv—(Aug) Wayne Washington, DC 20006." tional opportunity program for inmates. Carringer, Box 46, Robbinsville, NC 28771 USS Acree (DE 133) (S. Pacific)—Need to China-Burma-India— (Aug) Chuck Mitchell, hear from the communications officer, Shown at UT, left to right, are Ron 11855 First St., Treasure Island, FL 33706 pharmacist mate, 2nd class radioman or Glider Pilots—(Aug) S. T. Randolph, 136 W. from any comrade who recalls that Hiram Main St., Freehold, NJ 07728 Ely contacted Jungle Rot fungus in ears while stationed in S. Pacific. Contact "CID #325, The American Legion Magazine, 1608 ARMY "K" St., N.W., Washington, DC 20006." 1st Med Reg— (Aug) Virgil Barrie, 8310 Able USS Missouri—Need information from any St., N.E., Minneapolis, MN 55432 comrade who recalls that Manuel Lourenco 2nd Chem Mtr Bn—(Aug) Herbert Gilbert, lost his hearing during a general quarters 65 Balfour Ln., Willingboro, NJ 08046 enemy firing. Contact "CID 326, The Amer- 3rd Bn 32nd Inf— (Aug) Charles Beck, 1510 ican Legion Magazine, 1608 "K" St., N.W., 5th St., Elk River, MN 55330 Washington, DC 20006." 5th Com Eng Bn (WW2)—(Aug) Edmund Podczaski, RD 2, Westminster Rd., Wilkes- Barre, PA 18702 LIFE MEMBERSHIPS 6th Fid Art'y Bn (WW2)—(Aug) Joseph Gobrick, RD#2, Box 94C, Weatherly, PA The award of a life membership to a Le- 18255 gionnaire by a Post is a testimonial by those 6th Inf Div— (Aug) Patrick Nelson, 4611 who know best that such a member has Tipperary Trail, Lincoln, NE 68512 served The American Legion well. 6th Port Trans Corp HQ—(Aug) Alex Andri- Below are listed some of the previously ate, 36 Wadsworth Rd., Glen Rock, NJ unpublished life membership Post awards 07452 that have been reported to the editors. They 9th Ord MM (WW2)—(Aug) Edward Bujak, are arranged by States or Departments. 6525 N. Nashville Ave., Chicago, IL 60631 Gilbert Roberts (1976), Post 14, San Ber- 15th Base Post Office—(Aug) Woodrow nardina, CA Mertz, 102 S. Whiteoak St., Kutztown, Herbert Anderson Harry Thatcher PA 19530 (1971), 16th Arm'd Div—(Aug) Lester Bennett, RT (1970), Roy Alsop, Sr., Ole Beck, A.C. Big- Napoleon, 43545 ham, Sr. (all Post Salinas, #5, Box 31, OH 1973), 31, CA 17th Airborne Div (Aug) Victor Mittleman, Robert Wentzel, Homer Simpson (both — Lollar, field adjutant, American Legion 139 W. Plumstead Ave., Lansdowne, PA 1975), Jack McEvers (1968), John Paden 19050 (1966), Pawh Beck, Post 341, Pico Rivera, Dept. of Tennessee, Dewey Batson 18th Eng (WW2)—(Aug) Dale Maloney, CA 13019-42nd Ave., N.E., Seattle, WA 98125 James Ferguson, John Fitzpatrick (1975), (Post 103 majoring in business admin- 20th Cmbt Eng—(Aug) George Rankin, 1320 Ambrose Gleason, John Hanson, Lynn Jen- istration), Virginia Brashers (former E. 52nd St., Brooklyn, NY 11234 kins, Herman Kashare (all 1970), Post 342, 21st Inf Co L—(Aug) Hugh Brown, 75 Jeffer- Los Angeles, CA WAC majoring in arts and sciences), son Cir. Athens, GA 30601 Oliver Donley (1974), Robert Moore (1975), 21st Inf HQ (WW2)—(Aug) Tom Maloney, Post 13, Canon City, CO and Steve White, veterans counselor. 1008 Dillard, Borger, TX 79007

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 33 —

NEWS

24th Inf Div—(Aug) Bill Byrd, 205 George- 811th Tn Dest Bn— (Aug) Maruice Hawkins, town Cir., Ft. Smith, AR 72901 People In The News 4760 Camden CC Rd., Camden, OH 45311 32nd Div Co C & 135th Med Reg't Band— 814th Aviat Eng Bn— (July) Lawrence Mc- (Aug) Raymond Kraemer, 807 S. Peach Col. Bruce E. Penny (USAF-Ret), Gregor, 210 34th St., S.E., Cedar Rapids, IA Ave., Marshfield, WI 54449 right, editor of The Washington State 52403 35th Evac Hosp— (July) Mary Pickett Smith, 822nd Tn Dest Bn— (Aug) Clarence Johnson, 7403 Bradbury Ave., Ft. Wayne, IN 46809 Legionnaire, was awarded the Air Force RT#1, Box 105, Upland, NE 68981 40th Cav Ren Trp (WW2)— (Aug) Edward 826th Amp Tract Bn— (June) Lester Julian- Hunt, PO Box 68, Covington, GA 30209 Commendation Medal recently for his sen, Box 38, Dixon, IA 52745 41st Inf Detach (Aug) 826th Eng Aviat (Aug) Arm'd Med (WW2)— many years of service as liaison officer Bn— Fernando Reta, Norman Tiemann, Box 10694, Kansas City, 1515 N. Solano Dr., Las Cruces, NM 88001 MO 64118 and admissions counselor for the Air 829th Eng Aviat Bn— (Aug) Marco Henry, 43rd AAA Grp (WW2)— (Aug) Ray Miner, 1067 Redondo Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90019 2416 Larkwood Dr., Lancashire-Wilming- Force Academy in Western Washing- 894th Tn Dest Bn— (Aug) Herbert Siercks, ton, DE 19810 44725 E. Florida, Space #108, Hemet, CA 45th Air Depot Grp— (Aug) Charles Gueme- 92343 lata, 119 Aigler Blvd., Bellevue, OH 44811 926th Sig Bn & 322 & 422 Sig Co (WW2) 50th Eng Co C—(Aug) Rex Calahan, R2, (Aug) Russell Eyer, PO Box 202, Palmyra, Kincaid, KS 66039 IL 62674 63rd Eng Co A 44th Div— (Aug) Lyndon 928th Sig Bn— (July) W. A. Keidel, 3444 S. Brock, 370 E. Lincoln St., Sycamore, IL Main Rd., Batavia, NY 14020 60178 938th FA Bn— (Aug) Albert Metcalfe, RT1, 69th Div— (Aug) Clarence Marshall, 101 Box 303, Mercerburg, PA 17236 Stephen St., New Kensington, PA 15068 949th Ord Co— (Aug) Isadore Croft, 104 S. 77th FA Bn & 631st FA Bn— (July) Jim Col- Christopher Rd., Chapel Hill, NC 27514 lins, 505 W. 8th Ave., Corsicana, TX 75110 974th Sig Serv Co— (Aug) Dean Ussery, 1752 80th Inf Div— (Aug) Carl Ferritto, 28766 Central Ave., Sullivan's Island, SC 29482 Alton Ave., Wickliffe, OH 44092 993rd Eng Tdwy Bridge— (Aug) Phil Hend- 81st Div (WW1 and WW2)— (Aug) John ricks, 305 E. Maplewood Ave., Littleton, Backus, RFD 1, Box 56, Elmwood, NE 68349 CO 80121 83rd Inf Div— (Aug) Samuel Klippa, 1500 U.S. Army Warrant Officers Assoc— (July) Mutual St., Pittsburgh, PA 15204 USAWOA, PO Box 3765, Washington, DC 86th QM Bn, Co B & 3482nd Ord—(Aug) 20007 John Saunders, 114 MooresVille Rd., Lin- colnton, NC 28092 NAVY 88th Inf Div—(Aug) Joe Maye, RT#2, Old 1st Marine Corps, Motor Trans Bn Co C Town, FL 32680 ton State. Congratulating him is his suc- (Aug) Charles McHenry, 4716 Boxwood 95th Med Gas Treat Bn Co A— (Aug) Walter cessor, Lt. Col. J. S. Keck, USAF, also Dr., San Diego, CA 92117 Gantz, 829 Palm St., Scranton, PA 18505 6th Marine Div—(Aug) Sheldon Tyler, PO 106th Ren Trp— (Aug) Wm. Randall, 560 a Legionnaire. Penny retired in 1974 Box 550, SanTee, CA 92071 Pine St., Apt. 1-4, Royersford, PA 19468 8th Marine Def & Anti-Aircraft Art'y Bn— after years active Reserve 112th Cav—(Aug) Brooks Campbell, 1910 32 of and (Aug) Richard Young, 6 W. Elm St., Pem- Centerville Rd., Dallas, TX 75228 broke, service. He currently is serving as chair- MA 02359 112th Sv Co (WW2 and Korea)— (Aug) John 29th US Const Bn— (Aug) Robert LePere, 211 Dohanic, 302 Hathaway St., Girard, PA man of the public relations committee Plum St., Cahokla, IL 62206 16417 33rd Spec Seabees— (July) Carl Marquardt, 125th Fid Art'y Bat A—(Aug) Gene Dough- for the 58th National American Legion PO Box 582, Lexington, OR 97839 erty, 624 6th Ave., St. James, MN 56081 Convention set for Aug. 20-26 in Seat- 71st Seabees—(Aug) Wm Byrd, PO Box 1043, 125th Fid Art'y 34th Div— (July) Gerald Redwood City, CA 94064 Bender, 404 S. 8th St., Princeton, MN 55371 tle, WA. 88th US Const Bn—(Aug) Leo Cutshall, RR 135th Inf 47th Div—(Aug) Raymond Oz- #1, Austin, IN 47162 mun, RT2, Box 142 A., Northfield, MN 55057 116th Const Bn—(Aug) Robert Adelmann, 825 135th Med Reg— (July) John Hoerning, 382nd AAA Aw Bn—(Aug) Robert Bump, 1420 E. County Rd. 42, Burnsville, MN E. Glendale Ave., Appleton, WI 54911 1093 Stratford, Ln„ Hanover Park, IL 60103 55337 142nd Gen. Hosp— (July) Elaine Nolen, 1516 413th Arm'd Fid Art'y Bn (WW2)—(Aug) 136th Seabees— (July) Ralph Harrison, 837 N.W. 39, Oklahoma City, OK 73118 Charles Dunkerly, RR#1, Cayuga, IN 47928 Millwood Rd., Broken Arrow, OK 74012 148th Inf Com Tm— (July) Harold Morman, 424th QM HQ— (Aug) Edward Rudny, 424 569th CBMU— (Aug) Nicholas Schiro, 76 Co- 429 N Walnut, Ottawa, OH 45875 Callan Ave., San Leandro, CA 94577 lumbus Ave., Hasbrouck Hts., NJ 07604 151st Inf Co B 38th Div—(Aug) Stanley Gib- 460th AAA Bn, Bat D—(Aug) Frank Ringler, Acorn 34— (Aug) Elmer Booz, Jr., 229 Valley bons, 1122 N. Livingston, Indianapolis, IN 2003 Sherman St., Ft. Wayne, IN 46808 Rd., Wawa, PA 19063 46222 463rd Serv Sqdn— (Aug) Edward Ellis, 321 CGC Unalga, CGC Bering Strait>-( Aug) 153rd Inf Co H—(Aug) Charles Moores, 1616 Clearfield Ave., Norristown, PA 19401 Elmer Walters, 163 Sherwood Dr., Hilton, S. Pierce St., Little Rock, AR 72204 464th Eng Depot Co—(Aug) Austin Gillam, NY 14468 179th Inf CoD—(Aug) R. C. Bowers, Box RD#4, Kittanning, PA 16201 Navy Recruiting Sta—(Aug) Truman 225, Norman, OK 73069 466th AAA Bn— (July) Norman Gates, 118 Schroeder, 131 W. Good Hope Rd., Mil- 181st Fid Art'y Bn— (Aug) Fred Belshir, 4760 Manning Blvd., Albany, NY 12203 waukee, WI 53217 Langtree Dr., St. Louis, MO 63128 483rd Ord Evac— (June) Ford Rushing, RT5, Panama Marine (WW2)— (Aug) Frederick 186th Inf Co C 41st Div— (Aug) Ted Cotter, Box 550, Florence, MS 39073 Wilkinson, 421 Colfax Rd., Havertown, PA 4782 Lower River Rd., Grants Pass, OR 492nd Port Bn—(Aug) Dan Mihuta, 16435 19083 97526 Parklawn Ave., Cleveland, OH 44130 Patrol Bomb Sqdn 102 (WW2)— (June) 198th Fid Art'y Bn (WW2)— (Aug) Andrew 524th MP Bn—(Aug) Carl Heimerl, Rubicon, Marlin Roberts, RT#1, Box 122 C, Staf- Cowherd, 119 Arbor Park N., Louisville, WI 53078 ford, MO 65757 KY 40214 532nd EB & SR Co E (WW2)— (Aug) J.C. Underwater Demo Tm/SEAL— (July) Robert 205th QM Bn Co B 385th Gas Sup Co—(Aug) Friesen, Darfur, MN 56022 Clark, PO Box 5365, VA Beach, VA 23455 Martin Parcel, 76 Fruitree Rd., Levitttown, 552nd Mp Escort—(Aug) Joseph Meyer, 56 USN Air Dept of USS Whiting—(Aug) R. K. PA 19056 Harris St., Patchogue, NY 11772 Williams, PO Box 46604, Pass-A-Grille 214th Mp Co—(Aug) Ellis Hopfenberg, PO 554th AA Aw Bn— (Aug) Thomas Raynak, Beach, FL 33741 Box 5, Uniondale, NY 11553 1128 Standard Bldg., Cleveland, OH 44113 US Submarine Vets (WW2)— (Aug) Thomas 224th Airborne Med Co— (Aug) Edmund 565th QM Railhead—(Aug) Ambrose Walt, 38 Kaiser, 293 29th St., Lindenhurst, L.I., NY Wientczak, 9313 David Rd., Garfield Hts., Fulton Ave., Waukegan, IL 60085 11757 OH 44125 591st Eng Boat Reg Co B—(Aug) Henry USS Archerfish— (July) H. A. Lighter, RFD 225th Fid Art'y Bat B— (Aug) Dennis Rob- Tusa, RT#1, Alpha, MN 56111 #3, Miller Rd., Preston, Norwich, CT 06360 ertson, 26 Brookside Dr., Springdale, UT 622nd Base Equip Eng— (Aug) Garvin Fel- USS Beale (DD 471)— (Aug) Milton Lund, 84663 lows, 401 E. Enlow Ave., Evansville, IN RR#2, Spring Valley, MN 55975 225th QM Salvage Rep—(Aug) Willard Fan- 47711 USS Burke (DD 215)—(Aug) John Kennedy, ning, 1142 Stanway Ave., Springfield, OH 636th Tn Dest Bn— (Aug) Tom Sherman, 71 S. Village Ave., Rockville Centre, NY 45503 RT#1, Box 149, Marquette, NE 68854 11570 242nd Fid Art'y Bn— (Aug) Lawrence Wiech- 656th & 771st Tn Dest^-(Aug) Quenton Hen- USS Croatan (CVE 25)—(Aug) Roy Trebil, man, PO Box 113, Funk, NE 68940 derson, PO Box 222, Irondale, OH 43932 Box 462, Rosemont, MN 55068 251st & 1st Sig Constr Cos— (Aug) Joe 661st Tn Dest Bn—(Aug) Wm Beswick, PO USS Crowley (DE 303)— (Aug) Leo Wise, 607 Grandinetti, 136 Kingsland Ave., Lynd- Box 576, West Point, VA 23181 Union Ave., N.W., New Philadelphia, OH hurst, NJ 07071 690th Fa Serv Bat—(Aug) Charles Montague, 44663 261st Reg 65th Div Co L— (Aug) Earl Vor- 460 Store Rd., Harleysville, PA 19438 USS Edison (DE 439)—(Aug) John Signore, land, 102 Main St., Cedar Falls, IA 50613 701st MP Bn Co B (WW2)— (Aug) L.S. Sha- 9 Lois Dr., Walpole, MA 02081 273rd Fid Art'y Bn—(Aug) Milton Acuff, han, 713 N. Main, Mt. Pleasant, IA 52641 USS Gambier Bay (CVE 73)— (July) Charles 709 Prescott Ct., Nashville, TN 37204 702nd Tn Bn—(Aug) Wm Miller, PO Box Heinl, RR#1, Box 8, Maria Stein, OH 45860 282nd Fid Art'y Bn—(Aug) John Bradley, 8791, Madeira Beach, FL 33738 USS Halibut (SS 232)— (Aug) Clayton Rantz, 6760 Allen Rd., Fowlerville, MI 48836 707th Tn Bn— (Aug) Harold Huppenbauer, PO Box 528, 7379 Beechwood Dr., Mentor, 311st Fid Art'y Bn (WW1)— (Aug) Michael 2401 Mt. Pleasant Rd., Burlington, IA OH 44060 Hughes, Mountain Top, PA 724th Rwy Oper Bat (WW2)—(Aug) Vince USS Harding (DD 625)— (Aug) G. T. Watson, 322nd Med Bn 97th Div—(Aug) Harold Burg, Alliseo, 136 Hughes Ave., Staten Island, Box 13A, McDaniel, MD 21647 4166 S. Medina Line Rd., Barberton, OH NY 10314 USS Hunter Liggett (APA 14)— (Aug) Joseph 44203 729th Rwy Oper Bn—(Aug) A.H. Dohrmann, Rubino, PO Box 1307, Glendale, CA 91209 338th Inf Co E (WW2)— (Aug) William Ger- Box 271, Castlewood, Stone Mtn, GA 30083 USS Oakland (CL 95)—(Aug) Orville Han- rish, RR#1, Patoka, IL 62875 730th Rwy Oper Bn—(Aug) P.P. Annone son, 6831 La Jolla Dr., Riverside, CA 92504 347th Sta Hosp (WW2)—(Aug) Mrs. Arnold Jr., 78 Marion Ave., Claymont, DE 19703 USS Preston (DD 795)— (Aug) George Steid- Henriksen, 18612 Saugus Ave., Santa Ana, 735th Rwy Oper Bn—(Aug) Charles Sobrito, ley, 1101 W. Stillwater Dr., Jupiter, FL CA 92705 4451 Sherman Rd., Richmond, VA 23234 33458 357th AAA Sit Bn— (Aug) Gerhard Zimdars, 742nd MP Bn— (Aug) Wm Arnett, 709 West USS Robalo (SS 273)—(Aug) Ernst Rosing, 1076 Bayberry Dr., Watertown, WI 53094 Ave., Medina, NY 14103 1409 S. East Ave., Berwyn, IL 60402 357th Reg't Co D—(Aug) Norman Schwiet- 757th Eng Parts Sup—(Aug) Marshall Ran- USS Saranac (AO 74)— (Aug) Charles Kra- zer, 162 Gilbert St., Buffalo, NY 14206 dall, Box 4, Hinsdale, NY 14743 nias, 58 Chambersburg St., Gettysburg, PA 378th E.U.D. (Korea)— (Aug) Russell Krebs, 777th Tn Bn—(Aug) Clarence Marshall, 101 17325 RR4, Fowler, IN 47944 Stephen St., New Kensington, PA 15068 USS The Sullivans (DD 537)— (Aug) Robert 379th AAA Bn (WW2)—(Aug) Howard 796th AAA— (Aug) Wm Haberland, PO Box Sander, 325 Thatcher Ave., River Forest, Schaad, RT1, Waterford, OH 45786 304, Whitestone, NY 11357 IL 60305

34 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • J NE 1976 CONTINUED FROM PAGE 11 belt. A person who quits or is unable aged by a punch in the abdomen Karate to continue such a course is sued for that an emergency operation was payment. Even if you continue, only needed to save her life. Another nov- a few of every hundred students, at ice suffered a ruptured spleen. And founded the Zen sect of Buddhism. even the better schools, ever gains a college student died from a kick He taught the monks to cultivate ranking, legitimately, of black belt. near the heart. their minds and bodies with a strenu- There are few associations certi- Properly taught and respected, the ous exercise combining breathing fying a school's qualifications. But, pleasures of karate far outweigh the and meditation, the slashing fists of say reputable instructors, you would hazards. Most practitioners find it a Indian warriors and Chinese shadow- do well to favor a school that per- healthy, relaxing exercise that re- boxing. Eventually called kung-fu, mits you to watch one class or pay duces tension as well as pounds. Most the exercise also provided a self- for only one or a few lessons at a people who learn it are never forced defense against bandit attacks. As time (or a beginner's contract of no to use it for protection. But they Zen spread through China, kung-fu more than one month) until you find always have the confidence that was taught to trusted followers who out if you wish to continue. Be care- greatly reduces their fear of attack. vowed never to reveal its techniques. ful of schools allowing you to see Some of the skilled who are men- Kung-fu's secretive growth was dra- only the salesman instead of a class. aced by a criminal find the power of matized during the uprising against Sniffs a proud instructor: "Karate karate—as well as their own respect foreigners in Peking in 1900. sells itself." for it—can prevent violence. In Los Guarded consulates were surrounded To reduce chances of injury, Angeles, a short, slight salesman now by so many unarmed but bold men choose schools whose instructors makes it a practice to wear his black with their fists in kung-fu positions practice the non-violent Oriental tra- belt under a jacket when his job that Westerners called the uprising ditions. Such schools may not accept takes him through a crime-ridden the Boxer Rebellion. children under ten years old, or allow neighborhood. He got the idea one Karate's present style evolved any adult to try to strike at anyone day when he just happened to be when Japan invaded Okinawa in 1609 for fun—even on a dare—until pre- wearing the belt and was threatened and seized every conceivable weapon. pared. But this traditional strictness by a hefty mugger. The salesman In response, practitioners revealed is the best protection against trying merely opened his jacket to expose how the weapon of the "(kara) out karate too soon. the belt—and watched the larger empty (te) hand" could block spears Schools lacking proper supervision man retreat hastily down the street. and paralyze warriors. The bent sometimes let students chop at each Another time, though, a young, mus- shields and swords in Okinawa's mu- other. Anxious beginners who slash cular criminal was unimpressed and seums attest to karate's efficacy. or kick too quickly have dislocated continued to force the salesman Karate was taught only by fathers their joints and pulled ligaments as toward a truck. Though confident he to sons, and men denied having any well as harming their partners. could have disabled the criminal, the knowledge of karate even to their Though no nationwide statistics are salesman responded like many a neighbors. Not until 1915 would an compiled on karate injuries, an At- karateka. He feinted sharply and Okinawa master, Gichin Funakoshi, lanta hospital's cases over a one-year ran. "I ran with honor," he said demonstrate some of the techniques period show how severely beginners later, smacking a tough hand for on mainland Japan. But the tradi- can be hurt by inadequate instruc- emphasis. "How could I draw a tional secrecy was so honored every- tion. During a young woman's second weapon like this on an unarmed where that all details of karate could lesson, her liver was so badly dam- man?" —Bill Surface not be found in even the most com- prehensive reference books. Some of karate's methods, how- ever, were learned by U.S. service- men befriending karateka in Japan, Okinawa, Korea and Indo-China. During the 1960's, a few experts, seeing ex-servicemen demonstrate Earwax: their techniques, began to relax their code and teach "pure" karate to any- the sneak thief of sound. one. Since then, karate has spread Everyone knows that hearing problems and age go hand in across every continent so fast that hand. But not everyone realizes that many hearing problems now it is even being considered an can be due to excess earwax build-up. Olympic event. Already, 41 countries Excess earwax can muffle sounds and build send champion black belts to a world up so you can gradually be robbed of your hearing tournament. without your realizing it. When someone takes up karate, he Of course, anyone suspecting a hearing problem should consult a physician. can face two risks. Those countries If it is due to excess earwax, your doctor may very with long traditions of karate usu- well recommend the safe, effective way to remove earwax by using ally permit only advanced black belts DEBROX® Drops. DEBROX is recommended by thousands of doctors to teach it. But in America and else- who know it safely removes wax and can be used where, anyone can open a karate or regularly to prevent build-up. DEBROX Drops cost only pennies kung-fu school. Thus, a person con- a day. Available at pharmacies without prescription: sidering a course, say authoritative instructors, should be wary of heavily promoted schools that over- DebrOX Drops emphasize breaking boards, or that Recommended by doctors, used by millions insist on long-term contracts that DC- 1376 ostensibly guarantee you a black

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 35 —

Park Project Pays

Kids Haven't Changed

"TT|That kind of camp is this? We VV don't even have a flag!" Supervisors of a Youth Conserva- tion Corps camp in a back-country mountain wilderness program are prepared for anything, we thought even drugs and sex—but a teen-age boy demanding a flag? There we were, two supervisors and our teen-agers—five boys and five girls—off on an eight-week work/education program in the North Cascades National Park in northern Washington. There had been no talk of drugs. No sex. Not even debate about the relative merits of patriotism. Just: We need a flag! There are no roads, no telephone service, no stores at Stehekin, WA. A grocery order has to be shipped 55 miles up narrow, glacial Lake Chelan. Our only hope was the park's Dis- trict Manager, Alvin "Pete" Peter- son. His blue Scandinavian eyes opened wide and he stroked his thin- ning gray-blonde hair thoughtfully. "Gee, I don't think we have a single extra at the ranger station. Hmmm." He settled his "Smokey the Bear" hat back on his head and left. The next day Pete was back with a flag. He'd radioed the park office in Chelan. It flew in on the single- The six- or eight-week programs Information on the program can engine float plane that provides pas- are usually at residential facilities be secured by writing the Youth Con- senger service to Stehekin. replete with dormitories, cafeterias, servation Corps offices at the De- Harold, Ron and Jeff found a weekend passes and specialized partment of the Interior or the downed pine pole in the woods, peeled staff. Back-country projects run Department of Agriculture in Wash- it, dug a two-foot hole in front of the three or four weeks. ington, DC. cooktent and scrounged a pulley During 1975 more than 1,400 Our eight-week project was ex- from the park's maintenance shed. youngsters took part in YCC pro- perimental—ten youngsters, two su- Up went Old Glory and we were at grams in national parks. The 1976 pervisors, half a dozen blue nylon a proper camp. program proposes projects in 74 mountain tents and two portable gas * * * * parks for 2,229 boys and girls. stoves. The low-profile federal Youth Con- The Park Service will receive 35 My partner, Dave Walp, is a moun- servation Corps got its start some per cent of a proposed $32 million tain man. He's been a logger, hunter,

five years ago, modeled on the Civil- YCC budget ; 35 per cent goes to the trapper, white water boat guide, ian Conservation Corps of the de- Agriculture Department and 30 per horse packer. Years of "hard use" pression, the War on Poverty's Job cent to participating state agencies. have given him a store of yarns to Corps and the private Student Con- "The program has three basic keep bone-weary kids up in the black servation Association. ingredients: gainful employment, of night around a campfire, alter- YCC seeks to give high-school participation by children from all nately spellbound or laughing out- youth meaningful summer employ- segments of society and the oppor- rageously. ment, to accomplish needed conser- tunity to gain an environmental, By day he worked with our vation work in national parks, na- cultural and historical heritage ex- charges, swinging picks and axes, tional forests and other public lands, perience," says the Park Service's teaching safe and efficient use of an and to expand environmental educa- Grover Barham. arsenal of mysterious handtools: Pu- tion. The youth are paid about $50 "And it pays for itself. The value laskis, McLeods, Swede hooks, a a week and they are provided with of physical improvements created ex- pruning saw with a 24-foot handle, a food and equipment. ceeds the total cost of the program." crosscut saw. The youngsters shifted

36 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 from trail maintenance to digging enough mountain cutthroat trout in People who had hiked in the North postholes, to cement mixing, to log two hours to feed all 12 of us. Cascades every summer for a decade peeling, learning all the skills. By program's end the group had or more praised our measures. In- I spent most of my time planning put in 2,500 hours. They had main- deed, they did restrict campers to and organizing, keeping inventories, tained or built nine miles of trail, some extent, but they understood calendars, schedules; my mind try- installed 12 steel firegrates with rock that the wilderness would be pre- ing to run about two weeks ahead of and cement, built two horsefords, served longer for man's enjoyment these young bodies so we wouldn't planed a 65-foot log footbridge and if his impact was confined. - run out of supplies or miss connec- installed a handrail, built a 12-by These veterans used our firegrates tions at a trail head. 5-foot log picnic table, installed eight and latrines, and camped carefully, Dave and I were counselors, med- sign posts, built a 22-foot hitchrack, leaving only their footprints behind. ics, parents, friends, mess sergeants, cleared 14 tent sites, dug and in- Early in the program I had to librarians. Slowly we taught camp- stalled four Wallows toilets, put in issue a daily reminder that they write crafts and wilderness skills: knots, 33 feet of turnpike section of trail in the camp journal. On the final day tent erection, fire building and sup- and picked up 200 pounds of litter. all of them wanted to contribute to pression, first aid, group and personal The Pacific Crest Trail has become the last entry. hygiene, sanitation, map and com- a veritable hikers' highway in recent Roy's words were misspelled, but pass, Dutch oven baking, use and years, dusty and ditched deep by to the point: "Perhaps we have care of gas stoves, nutrition and thousands of pairs of lug-soled boots. learned more about our own selfs cooking. Sidehills in steep switchbacked areas than anything else." The last six weeks of the pro- are eroding where unthinking hikers Our last campfire boasted Dutch gram we were based at South Fork have taken a shortcut. Campsites oven cobbler, baked beneath a now- Campground on Bridge Creek, just often are marked with numerous fire faded flag. The youngsters were off the Pacific Crest Trail, a trail scars because each group had selected glowing with accomplishments, seri- that runs through the mountains of a different spot for its fire. ous and introspective, yet surpris- the Pacific coastal states from Mex- Our work was to provide specific ingly talkative, eager to share their ico to Canada. We were seven miles areas for camping, firebuilding and feelings. The girls were teary-eyed. from a roadhead, and another 20 latrines, to keep horsepackers sepa- So was I. Dusk was approaching and miles by one-lane gravel road from rate from hikers, and to eliminate Old Glory flapped gently in the eve- park headquarters. The park horse- real hazards, such as dead limbs ning breeze. All that was left was for packed our heavy gear. We saw a which could fall on sleeping campers. the boys to lower it one last time. ranger on patrol once or twice a Purists among passing hikers in- Kid's haven't changed. Just give week. sisted that we were an affront to the them a chance and you'll find out. Harold and Jeff would catch wilderness and to their sensibilities. —Sally Jo Bowman

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 37 It is Still 1940 in London Cellar Churchill's War Room Just a few steps from Whitehall, problems and tragedy that threat- the main artery of Britain's gov- ened to overwhelm him. ernment, it is still September 15, This series of underground cham- STATE 1940. Nazi bombers are over London. bers in the heart of London is offi- Hitler rules western Europe from cially known as the Cabinet War Norway to the Black Sea. War has Rooms. Here, under 12 feet of con- LONDON RED not yet come to the United States or crete, Churchill, his cabinet and top the USSR. Winston Churchill is des- military leaders met to determine the fSApproachmgfront perately trying to rally Britain for a course of World War II. Sometimes lonely struggle against enormous Churchill would excuse himself from odds. the big map room and walk to Room t[ln IAZ September 15 was virtually the 63/B, a tiny cubicle with a chair, a peak of the Battle of Britain. small desk, a clock set to show the

LONDON WHITE _ . . A signboard's chalked legend is en- time both in London and Washington couraging: enemy destroyed-183, and a telephone. The phone is "X- probable-42, damaged-75. Our a/c Ray," the instrument Churchill used AIRCRAFT CASUALTIES (aircraft) pilots safe-28. to call President Franklin D. Roose- Sept. 94o The board hangs in Churchill's war velt so many times during the war. room. Yes, it still exists. A visitor Across the corridor is Churchill's ENEMV can sit in Churchill's seat and ponder private room—an austere, undec- I DESTROYED PROBABLE ! DAMAGED the prime minister's thoughts, the orated room of modest size with a desk, clock, bed and the ever-present wall maps. From this desk Churchill ^fckJ THIS OFFER CAN NEVER broadcast, many of his most famous speeches. BE REPEATED. JUST $12.95! Along Whitehall the war rooms are known as "Churchill's Bunker," but the complex was really built by and for his predecessor, Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain. It was first ac- tivated in 1938 when Chamberlain met Hitler in Munich—the meeting c that led to the partition of Czecho- slovakia and convinced Hitler that Britain did not have the courage to oppose his ambitions. Despite wartime rumors, the Yes, for only you can have this beautiful $12.95, bunker does not have an under- collection of historic Revolutionary flags on miniature plaques. Each is a full color reproduc- ground passage leading to No. 10 tion of the actual flag, not just an illustration! Downing Street, official home of Brit- ent color, seem impatient for the From Bunker Hill to Iwo Jima, our nation's flag ain's prime ministers. Nor does it latest action reports. The red "hot has proved an inspiration to victory. Now you can boast "miles" of underground pas- is proudly display in your home or office the flags line" a direct link to the Ad- that played a key role in the founding of our sages. It covers less than an acre. Nor miralty. Department store pneumatic country. was the bunker impregnable. Both tubes wait for messages, each with a FEATURES Chamberlain and Churchill were special valve to cut off a gas attack. warned that a bomb, striking at an resemble Exquisitely hand crafted 8" x 12" The doors between rooms concrete mahogany and glass collectors angle, could pass under the hatches aboard ship—heavy latches, case. Not a cheap, plastic cap. But both prime ministers re- high thresholds. imitation! fused to use more secure sites on Place cards summon men long Plaques have the look of porcelain London's outskirts. gone to the U-shaped conference ta- Choice of rich, red or black velvet Once a series of government base- ble—Churchill at the center, his background ments, the bunker looks it: exposed flagon, glass and inkwell awaiting; Easily mounts on wall beams and braces, naked light bulbs Clement Attlee and Anthony Eden hanging from cords, wires every- (both future prime ministers) at his Your money back, if not satisfied! where, uncarpeted floors. left; Sir Edward Bridges and Gen. SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER TO: A strange quiet greets a visitor to Lord Ismay at his right; lesser min- OCO-HERITAGE the room/nerve center. green- isters and aides in the wings. Box 430 / 5200 Grove Street map A Rocklin, California 95677 coiled ceiling lamp struggles against A slice of history is frozen in time (Add $2.00 for postage & handling) the warehouse-like darkness. One al- and space. Allow 2 to 3 weeks for delivery most expects one of Britain's 1940 If you want to sample it on a trip to London, write Chief Clerk, Cabinet OFFER EXPIRES JULY 4, 1976. leaders to step from the shadows. To avoid disappointment, send order Daily status reports still clutter the Office, Whitehall, London SW1, Eng- before closing date. desks. Four telephones, each a differ- land. —M. S. Chipp

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 39 Commemorative U.S.M.C. Fighting Knife LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS To mark the 200th anniversary of the U.S. Marine Corps, KA-BAR offers a handcrafted, limited edi- Conservation Costs tion of its famous World War II fighting knife. High carbon steel blade, deep etched with gold ac- Wildlife conservation, to maintain best watching is on state wildlife cents. Sculptured Marine Corps and expand hunting and fishing management areas and refuges, for insignia on pommel, individual sports, is an expensive project. It which, of course, you are paying. serial number deep struck on involves thousands of biologists, man- guard. Comes in velour-lined agers and officers, and hundreds of FOR A fishing bobber, try one designed walnut finished case. Only 2500 animal, fish and bird species on by Bob Jacobs of Whitestone, N.Y. He will be produced. millions of acres of land and water. takes an empty plastic refill from a Your licenses, purchased from state ball-point pen and forces it through Order from: KA-BAR Knives, Dept. AL6 fish-and-game departments, pay for the center of a cork, snipping off the 434 North Ninth Street Olean, New York 14760 most of it. In 1974, the last year for ends. You can tie your line around Please send me the following which a count is available, 43.5 these projecting ends, or run it through Commemorative U.S.M.C. million sportsmen paid more than the center of the refill tube. Smooth Fighting Knife $270 million for licenses. You pay the them with an emery board so they Numbers 2-49 @ $300.00 Numbers 50-99 @ $200.00 rest of the bill another way—to the won't cut your line. Numbers 100-199 @ $150.00 federal government; an 11 per cent every trip, G. D. of Numbers 200-up @ $100.00 excise tax is levied on purchases of ON camping Kent Lansing, Mich, takes along last Sun- You will receive Ihe lowest available number in the arms and ammunition, including serial number group desired l( all serial numbers in day's newspaper. It can cover a tent the group are sold, you will receive Ihe next lowest handguns; also fishing tackle and available number and any dilference in price will be floor to protect against tracked-in dirt, promptly refunded archery equipment. In 1975, it Orders (or specilic serial numbers will be honored if be used as insulation under an air mat- the number is available If not, the next lowest avail- amounted to a substantial $90 million. able number will tor be reserved you tress or sleeping bag, is a wrapper for TERMS OF SALE — Full payment with order (check This income is apportioned annually or money order) You will receive a receipt and the garbage, and even helps start the serial number of your knife and the approximate ship- to the states, principally according to ping dale, which will be within 45 days of receipt ol campfire. your order We pay postage and insurance New York the number of licenses each has sold. residents add 7% sales tax It must go to conservation; it can't be A BETTER way than using toy bal- diverted to other purposes. And to be IRRITATED loons to keep cans and jars from slid- eligible for its share, the state must ing around in your trailer's refrigera- EYELIDS? employ trained wildlife specialists. tor or closet is suggested by Mrs. Bathe them with LAVOPTIK, the Medicinal Nearly half of this tax money has x Albert Haavisto of Owen, WI. She Eye Wash. Soothes and relieves sore, burning, the states to plant feed been used by lines the bottoms of the refrigerator itching eyelids; relaxes tired eyes. For de- fish game, and cover, restock and shelves and cupboards with rubber pendable eye comfort insist on LAVOPTIK construct marshes and ponds, aid Eye Wash, eye cup included at your druggist. stair treads. On extra bumpy roads private conservation programs, and Satisfaction guaranteed or your money back. she adds a couple of folded bath towels to buy or lease wildlife lands. At ARTIST DESIGNED POSTERS and T-SHIRTS on top of the containers. THE Bicentennial POSTER that you must have for present the 50 states offer the out- your home, office or Post wall. Contemporary Washington Monument design in brilliant red, doorsman a total area of managed TO keep your salad fresh in your white and blue on 18"x30" heavy, glossy vellum. wetlands, refuges and public hunting camp cooler, if it's in a bowl, first A Bicentennial memento that you will want to place keep and pass on to future generations. Easily lands larger than Connecticut. Penn- an inverted saucer in the bowl so the framed. The same colorful beautiful design on T-SHIRTS in sizes for the whole family. Unique sylvania's wildlife land alone is larger draining water will collect under the gifts for people who will not get to visit the Nation's Capital during the Bicentennial. than Rhode Island. saucer, writes Deanna Thomas of Ar- Contemporary Design, Inc. Each waterfowler makes a further royo Grande, CA. In a plastic bag, cut 0. Box 7520, Benjamin Franklin Station Washington, D. C. 20044 contribution by purchasing a $5 a couple of holes in the bottom so the Enclosed is $ for_P0STERS and $ for_ federal duck stamp; this money goes water can drain out. T-SHIRTS. Must check sizes: Children []sm. []med.[]lg. Adults []sm.[]med.[]lg.[]x-lg. to buy or lease additional wetlands Send to: for U.S. duck and geese populations. Street: City: _Zip Code_ Although each state owns, and holds in trust for its residents, the wildlife HERE IT IS!! within its borders, the federal gov- Bicentennial Fund Raiser "What's Happened. ..Since 1776" ernment becomes involved because Marvelous History of the U.S.A. in waterfowl are migratory, thus "inter- 64 pages. Space included for Fam- ily History & Genealogical Record. state" wildlife. Duck stamp revenue You sell for only $1 .50 or $2.00 - up adds up to about $11 million an- to 300% profit. Send $1 . for sample copy and complete details. nually, and an estimated $143 million Heartland Enterprises P.O. Box 95 since its inception in 1934. But state Oklahoma City, Okla. 73mi and federal programs don't extend TRAIN FOR OUTDOORS CAREER beyond our northern border into JOBS OPEN FOR MEN AND WOMEN Canada, the nesting area of most IN ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION waterfowl species. The problem has FREE BOOK tells how you can train at home for rewarding career in the outdoors. Public interest in Ecology and been met by a private organization, Conservation, plus Leisure Time explosion, has created Ducks Unlimited, whose waterfowling shortage in trained men and women for variety of good park and forest jobs. Write! No salesman will call. membership, since its founding in NATIONAL SCHOOL, Dept. 09-221-066 1937, has spent over $30 million in Div. Technical Home Study Schools *« constructing and maintaining 1,200 Little Falls, N.J. 07424 "duck factories" in Canada, and has Make Rubber Stamps for BIG PAY built or restored over 3 million acres of nesting habitat. Need more money? Earn $60-$76 It should be noted that of the ap- a week, 3paretime, at home mak- ing rubberstamps foroffices, fac- proximately 1,700 species supported tories, individuals. Hundreds of uses. Hundreds of prospects— ev- by your conservation money, only 110 erywhere. Right in your own com- classified as game! Songbirds and munity. Turn out special stamps for are "Yes, being out here does make me names, addresses, notices, prices, etc., chipmunks benefit, and also marsh in minutes with table-top machine. We realize what's really important—my sink, furnish everything and help finance you, at f lees than bank rates. Write for tree facts. hens, ospreys and eagles. Serious my stove, my washer-dryer, my bath- No will call. salesman their ." Rubber Stamp Div., 1512 Jams, Dept. R-8-FF Chicago 60626 birdwatchers know that some of room. . .

40 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . JU NE 1976 CONTINUED FROM PAGE 13 fense plants and civilian factories. They do each other's work. Arma- The Many Faces of Russian Industry ments come from everywhere, hiding behind the most innocent factory On the regional level, industry is Shipyards build both warships names. This may explain why the governed by ministerial subdivisions and freighters; aircraft plants pro- USSR objects when anyone suggests called trusts or associations, each duce passenger and military planes. inspection of its factories. with a military section. Other pairings in Soviet factories The oversized heavy industry does Other military sections operate at are a mixture of the logical and make some contributions to the the factory level. Army officers, ti- unusual: Automobiles and armored Soviet standard of living. It produces tled "military representatives", in a cars, automobiles and tank parts, farm tractors, streetcars, buses, civilian factory supervise the instal- railway cars and tanks, oilpipe and radios, TVs, railway passenger lation of bomb shelters, and oversee artillery barrels, nitrate fertilizer and trains, electricity, gas, oil and coal. air-raid drills and the basic infantry explosives, machine tools and artil- And the undersized light industry training which the Brezhnev regime lery. To complicate the picture, de- does expand slightly from year to requires of all young male workers. fense plants in peacetime keep busy year, gradually improving the medi- If the armed forces order any by producing some metallic con- ocre standard of living. Foreign product from the factory in peace- sumer goods along with their prin- visitors who have toured the USSR time, the plant military office is re- cipal and more deadly products. The at various times during the past sponsible for filling the orders. By new Five-Year Plan of 1976-1980 several years invariably comment on Soviet law such orders have priority actually calls for a 90% increase in the improving quality of clothing over civilian output. The military production of consumer goods by the and the number of autos. office also serves as army inspector Defense Industry Ministry. Yet the published 1976-1980 Plan and buyer of the finished goods; de- Last September 29, Pravda pub- still overemphasizes heavy war- cides which workers shall be drafted lished the obituary of Oleg Soich, potential industry. Despite constant from the factory in case of war, and longtime director of the Kharkov propaganda about peace, free na- plans for possible conversion to full Locomotive Factory in the Ukraine. tions must ask if the real Kremlin war production. Testimonials listed included a num- goal isn't total world Atomic war would put heavy em- ber from tank generals. Obviously, power? phasis on speedy conversion. the locomotive plant produced more Soviet communications have a than railroad engines. Editor's Note: Professor Ray- thorough mobilization system. Each So, in the topsy-turvy USSR, it's mond is a member of New York individual railway has its army difficult to distinguish between de- University Department of Politics mobilization office; every river or ocean shipping operation has its naval mobilization group. A similar naval office exists in every seaport. CosmoPedic arch Army officers are on duty in all large telephone, telegraph, radio and television stations throughout USSR. Light industry is not dominated to the same extent, but Soviet tex- tile, shoe and food-processing indus- THE WORLD'S MOST tries all have mobilization offices. COMFORTABLE Even the timber industry has such a department. MEN'S SHOE! During the 1970's, the oil industry GENUINE SMOOTH LEATHER created a "militarized service" to OR SUEDE prevent and fight oil and gas well NOT fires. (Capping flaming gushers is NOT -$2fT $1499 practice for handling firebombed oil fields.) The closest thing to going barefoot! Wonderfully soft By Kremlin reasoning, practice is and flexible . . . yet shape- also important in peacetime arms holding. CosmoPedic production. If the mobilization plan arch support assures comfort thru long hours of calls for a tractor factory to build walking or standing. Smooth tanks in wartime, this plant must collar prevents chafing at ankle. Cushioned insole and make a few tanks in peacetime. neoprene plantation crepe sole Each large convertible civilian fac- soothe your foot heel to toe. In tan leather or brown suede. tory has two assembly lines: one 6V2, 7, 71/2, 8, 8V2, 9, 9V2, 10, manufacturing the peacetime prod- 10V2, 11, 11 1/2, 12, also 13 5 EJLB VILLAGE WIDTHS: C, D, E, EE, EEE uct, a smaller one making armament. S«0P giant (formerly SATISFACTION GUARANTEED OR MONEY BACK • The Volgograd OLD Dept. I VILLAGE SHOP M-3127 CHARGE IT: AMERICAN EXPRESS DINERS' CLUB Stalingrad) tractor factory openly j 340 Poplar Street, Hanover, Penna. 17331 BANKAMERlCARD MASTER CHARGE CARTE BLANCHE boasts that within its huge factory iSure, I'll try the world's most comfortable shoes Interbank # for the amazingly low price of pr., Acc't # Date Expires J $14.99 plus $1.50 Enclosed is is a small tank plant. I postage & handling. Please send me Md. residents add sales tax. C.O.D. Enclose $2.00 per pair ..»-•. pair(s) in While the Soviet press does not ! Tan Leather (M242578B) m Size I Width NAME often publicize these dual-purpose (please print) pair(s) in Brown Suede I (M242586B)' factories, bits pieces of informa- in Size ADDRESS and j Width tion CITY provide the paramilitary indus- j SAVE MORE! Order TWO pair for just $28.99 plus $2.50 postage and handling. trial picture. j STATE ZIP ..J THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 41 PERSONAL

DO-IT-YOURSELF SMALL CLAIMS. JOB DROUTH HITS STUDENTS. The Spirit of 76 is caplured in this beautiful hand crafted bicentennial HOLIDAY TRAVEL COSTS GO UP. clock in select hardwood and

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DEPT. 1011 PlfASANUAUEII AC 6 F m If you have a son who is graduating from college this month, you SWEET HOME. ORE 37386 might as well face this stark fact: Jobs will be hard to find and pay levels for beginners have stopped their long upward march. If, on the other JAPANESE SWORDS hand, your daughter is getting a sheepskin, her prospects of employ- ment are fairly rosy (demand for women graduates is up around 30% WANTED over a year ago). Meantime, temporary summer jobs for students may be a shade more

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42 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 CONTINUED FROM PAGE 9 1776 In the South Greene had fought four battles in his Carolinas campaign, and had lost every one of them. Nevertheless, the British had sustained severe losses and had failed to destroy the Ameri- can army. Such guerrilla leaders as Pickens, Marion and Sumter contin- ually harassed Cornwallis and Stew- art, seized British forts and made potential Tories less eager to join the British side. Behind the major bat- tles were hundreds of brief, bloody skirmishes in remote swamps and villages. These broke Britain's hold on the South. Greene, depite his defeats, never lost heart. After one of them, he wrote a letter to the French Ambas- Consider this. sador, saying: "We fight, get beat, AND COSTLY A single bolt of rise, fight again." lightning strikes While Greene was fighting in the miles away near power lines leading to your home. deep South, there was large- scale battle activity in Virginia. In Thousands of volts are sent surging through your the spring of 1781, Brig. Gen. Bene- electrical system. Motors burn out, wiring melts, dict Arnold, having turned traitor, appliances are ruined. led destructive raids in eastern and Fuses or circuit breakers alone don't stop these central Virginia. In April 1781, Maj. surges. In the few minutes it takes to install The Gen. Marquis de Lafayette was dis- Protector from General Electric, an Underwriters' patched to Virginia by General Laboratories approved home lightning protector, you that Washington, heading an army can help stop lightning surge damage. Don't take grew to 4,000 men. chances. Protect yourself with The Protector home YORKTOWN, VA lightning protector from General Electric. BE SAFE — Cornwallis still hoped to conquer NOT SORRY - STOP WORRYING. Virginia, feeling that its subjugation would bring down the entire South. He asked General Clinton to send major reinforcements. Clinton as- tounded him by countering his re- quest with an order to send 3,000 men for the defense of New York! Cornwallis was ready to embark the 3,000 troops at Portsmouth, VA, when Clinton decided he would not need the reinforcements after all.

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 43 CONTINUED 17 FIX LAWN MOWERS FROM PAGE FOR FUN & PROFIT! Fascinating new America's First Liberated Woman Handbook by F. Peterson gives you the knowledge skilled mechanics learn. OVER 125 ILLUSTRATIONS show how to trouble shoot, repair carburetors, ters and telegrams awaiting her was port of Aden, she was peeved that engines, balance, and sharpen blades, etc. Exploded drawings one from Jules Verne himself, in- "English money was acceptable while are extensively used. viting her to visit him in Amiens, American gold, silver and paper are INSTRUCTIONS COVER reel, ro- tary and rider mowers, pre- France. It meant a sidetrack of 179 held in contempt." But, she con- ventive and routine mainte- miles but also a good story. She cluded, "the English have all the jKj i3i nance, how to identify brand Hif **BW \ where to obtain re- tW SS^Ss /Ik names, decided the detour was worth it. desirable seaports." These were the ^^ii~T~~rCJfm placement parts. How to —" buy and use a lawnmower. She called the railroad station. A days when Britannia still ruled the TRY the HANDBOOK OF LAWN MOWER REPAIR. channel train was leaving in an hour waves and it suddenly occurred to Rush only $7.95 plus 50? handling on 10-day for Calais. She arrived at Charing her that she "had not seen the Amer- money-back guarantee. EMERSON BOOKS, INC., Dept. 19K, Buchanan, N.Y. 10511 Cross Station just as the train was ican flag once since leaving home." pulling out. "Run for it!" the cabbie Despite no word from Nellie, the TM PATRIOT'S PIKE yelled. Gathering up her skirts, World kept its readers in a constant UNIVERSAL AND CLASSIC SYMBOL OF HONOR grasping her gripsack, she sprinted stir. It promoted a shake-the-dice Magnificent For Wall and Ceremony down the platform and leaped aboard game in which players raced each Ve»y Large Sole Authorized the rear coach as dignified English- other the 22" x 10" x IV," Patriot's Pike Replica around world, and printed Socket l'/ " 4 Of Classic Original men gasped at "the American's dis- a storm of filler stories about the Rugged Iron $19.00 Spectacular Bronze graceful display." countries her boat was passing and $34.00 PPD. Send Check or Money Order — To p_ Box 96 "I do not think you can make it," pictures of life aboard ship—any- CARRICK INDUSTRIES Natick, Mass. 01760 Verne told her. "If you do it in 79 thing to satisfy hungry fans until days, I shall applaud with both the next progress report arrived.

MAKE. . . . $25tol00 PER HOUR hands. But 75 days—mon Dieu, that Pulitzer wasn't exaggerating when

BADGE-AM I IN IT, a complete badge making system lets would be a miracle!" She chatted he said, "The whole civilized world you make permanent metal pin back badges for fun or profit. Badge parts cost pen- with him for three hours, getting is watching Nellie Bly." Circulation nies, you sell slogan buttons for up his advise and bits of wisdom, before to 75ii each, photo buttons for up skyrocketed and wherever the World to $2.50 ea. Get FREE illustrated heading back to Calais and the train couldn't be bought, local newspapers money making plans by return mail, or send S34 95 plus $1.75 for to Brindisi. Again, she had to run to copied the stories. Letters to the shipDine to RPM Assoc. Ltd., Box 618, catch it. editor became an avalanche. Men Dppt LE-66, LaSalle. III. 61301 The World was in a turmoil. It wanted to marry Nellie, cities vied LEARN had received nothing but silence from to make her an honorary citizen, MEAT CUTTING Nellie since her London cable and songs and verses were composed in Americans were champing at the bit her honor, some of them—the paper Train quickly in 8 short weeks at Toledo for a bright future with security in the vital for news of their new national hero- business. admitted—decidedly on the blue side. meat Big pay. full-time jobs — HAVE A PROFITABLE MARKET OF YOUR ine. OWN! Time payment plan available. Di- Pulitzer began milking the race An enterprising manufacturer hur- ^ploma given. Job help. Thousands of suc- sful graduates. OUR 53rd YEAR! Send against Fogg for all it was worth, riedly whipped up a dressing gown, NOW for a big new illustrated FREE catalog. No obligation. GJ. approved. NATIONAL SCHOOL OF MEAT CUTTING. No. 71-02- whipping up excitement with "Your dubbed it "the Nellie Bly wrapper," 0197T, DeptA-103. 33 N. Superior, Toledo. Ohio 43604, Nellie Bly Guessing Match" urging and raked in a fortune. Gamblers readers to estimate the exact time it laid bets, heavy ones it was reported, ORIGINAL ONLY W.W.II would take her to circumnavigate the on the odds of whether she would "19.95 globe. First prize was a round trip HELMET PLUS $2 00 succeed and, if she did, her exact POSTAGE S to "including first-class trans- (NOT A REPLICA) HANDLING Europe arrival time home. "Seldom in his- COLLECTORS! 32 Page Color atlantic passage, railroad fares and tory had the excitement, the interest, Catalog 500 Helmets, Uniforms, Bayonets etc. hotel bills." All guesses, of course, the feverish curiosity of a whole na- AL-4 UNIQUE IMPORTS, INC. Dept. had to be submitted on the official tion been so aroused and pinned on 610 Franklin St., Alexandria, VA 22314 entry blank found in copies of his the adventures of one small individ- newspaper. ual," writes a social historian. BASEMENT TOILET Nellie's train was two hours late The headstrong gal traveled like Flushes up to existing sewer or sep- getting into Brindisi but, as luck the wind. Ceylon . . . Singapore . . . tic tank by powerful, self-contained pump operated by normal water would have it, a Pacific and Orient Hong Kong on December 22nd, three pressure. No digging up floors. Clog steamer was in port ready to sail resistant, easily installed. Make days ahead of schedule. It began to basement into game room, den, for Ceylon. She just had time to send appear that Verne and the whole apartment with private bath. Financing her last cable from Europe: "I Write for free literature. Dealer inquiries am world were wrong, that she actually SANDERS, Dept. J —17 Box 921C2, Houston quite well though somewhat fa- would make it. She sent breathless tigued." It was something of an un- cables home from Ceylon and Singa- derstatement, considering that she pore of all she'd seen so far—Hindu hadn't slept for two nights on the temples, monsoons, jinrikishas—and BlSH© rickety train. America marveled. Her two dresses, Nellie hit Port Said right on sched- she casually told women readers, FOR PERMANENT ule, November 27th, after a Mediter- "were holding up well." The World FUND RAISING ranean crossing on the cramped ship published it all, including the story Easy way to raise money for your Organization rife with "pompous British manners, of a British suitor who took her on because everyone has fun playing BINGO! cold soup and colder coffee." A blind- a moonlight cart ride in Ceylon. But Thousands of Organizations are making up to ing trip $500.00 per week using 'BINGO KING" supplies sandstorm stretched the the Hong Kong steamship agent gave feg. and FREE Idea Bulletins. Write for FREE catalog through the Suez to 24 hours but her some bad news. The next ship iBi^- ' and details on raising money for your Organiza- she found the canal disappointing for Yokohama didn't leave for five tion. Sg^ PLEASE GIVE NAME OF ORGANIZATION. nonetheless, simply "an enormous days. Nellie killed time with a side ditch enclosed on either side with trip to Canton and there, on Christ- Dept. 606A, Box 2588, LITTLETON, COLO. 80120 high sandbanks." At the Red Sea mas Day, she spotted the Stars and

44 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JU NE 1976 Stripes waving over the gateway of million entries in the Nellie Bly with their banners flying," a reporter the American consulate. It was the guessing contest—including coupons wrote. first time she'd seen her flag since from clergymen, senators and the ex- "No president had ever been ac- leaving New York. Taking off her Governor of Louisiana. claimed as homecoming Nellie Bly peaked cap and standing at salute, Nellie sailed from Yokohama was on her thrilling ride East," a she declared to some gawking Brit- aboard the Oceanic on January 7th historian has written. It was a haz- ishers, "That is the most beautiful as the ship's band struck up a ardous ride just the same. Raging sight in the world and I am ready "slightly off-key rendition of 'Hail blizzards swept the West, obstruct- to whip anyone who says it isn't." Columbia' " and "Home Sweet ing the tracks and once almost de- There were no takers. Home." The dazzled crew had railing the train. But in spite of the It had been a strange Christmas, painted a huge sign on the side of weather, scattered telegraphs and she cabled New York, especially her the ship: "For Nellie Bly, We'll Win the few telephones, news of Nellie's visit to a Chinese courtroom where Or Die." They almost did. Storms hit approach spread like wildfire. Ranch- "the judges smoked opium and the third day out, tossing the small ers, sheepherders and cowboys rode played fan-tan." But, she assured liner about "in high, heavy waves, hundreds of miles just to see her homefolks, the American mission in pouring rain, the winds screaming train go by. Brass bands blared and was "like a little oasis of comfort along the decks, sending it plunging seas of people mobbed railroad de- and cheer in a desert of agony." She and rolling through day after day of pots, all shouting her name. Farm needed all the comfort she could dark horror." With victory almost families flocked to whistle stops and muster. Her ship sailed from Hong in sight, Nellie thought that all was waved at "our Nellie" as she waved Kong on December 28th and, despite lost. back from the rear platform. In New rough seas and bad winds, reached Her luck held. Battered but tri- Mexico and Arizona, Indians signaled Yokohama on January 3, 1890. This umphant, the Oceanic steamed into from their ponies as she raced past meant she was exactly 51 days from San Francisco Bay on January 21st, and in Kansas, suffragettes pleaded with her to come back and run for governor. On January 23rd, between La Junta, Colo, and Chicago, officials of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad claimed her special train made the fastest time ever recorded up until then by an American loco- motive—an unbelievable 78.1 miles per hour. She attended a press breakfast be- tween trains in Chicago and received a message from Jules Verne brim- ming with good wishes. The author had every reason to be happy. Nel- lie's exploit had sent his book into its tenth printing. And when she finally arrived in Jersey City on January 25th, after traveling 24,899 miles, all hell broke loose. Factory whistles squealed, fireworks ex- ploded, ten cannon boomed from the Battery in Manhattan. The cordon of police gave up holding back the hol- lering men and women and let the gleeful mob sweep up "the miracle "I wonder if Equal Rights was a good idea after all!" girl" in the checkered suit on their shoulders when she jumped to the her starting time, with 24 left to go two weeks after leaving Japan, and grimy station platform, waving her —to catch a ship, cross the vast Pa- word flashed over telegraph wires cap, her eyes shining. Three stop- cific Ocean and then a continent—to that Nellie Bly was home again—but watches recorded the historic mo- reach New York in 75 days. At a she couldn't get off the boat. There ment—3:51 p.m. time when travel was measured in was a rumor of smallpox aboard and "She's a winner!" the timekeeper months instead of jet hours, there harbor officials quarantined the ship. shouted above the roar. She was, in- was precious little margin. Nellie threatened to jump overboard deed. Her official record was 72 days Japan was enthralled with her. and swim ashore. Realizing by this 6 hours 11 minutes 14 seconds. To- The Japanese correspondent of the time that she was a woman of her day, by commercial jet measure- World had fed her story to the na- word, they reluctantly dispensed with ments, the world is only 40 hours tional press and the translated in- technicalities and sent her ashore in around and Americans have difficulty terview with Jules Verne was in all a tug. understanding the true significance the papers. Important officials es- San Francisco went wild when she of her achievement, but since time corted her everywhere, people reached the wharf. A top-hatted del- began no one had made a trip around pressed to touch her "strange Ameri- egation of dignitaries greeted her. the world in anywhere near so short can dress" and "to stare at the spec- The Mayor kissed her. The Press tacle of this amazing girl traveler." Club gave her dozens of red roses. a time as Nellie had. It was here that she learned of the The carriage parade through down- A proud Pulitzer gave Nellie a stir her trip was creating at home, town was blocks long, led by "a champagne reception at the elegant that there were already over one strong band of women suffragists Astor House that evening. FATHER

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 45 CONTINUED FROM PAGE 45

America's First Liberated Woman t

TIME OUTDONE! screamed the of her dream—working for a New World in next day's headlines, plas- York newspaper and giving her all tering the story all over page one. to reforming the world. In 1895, Not only had she beaten slowpoke when she was 28, she accomplished Fogg, she had bettered his record by the rest of it. She married Robert nearly eight days. Not until Charles Seaman, a 72-year-old millionaire Lindbergh flew the Atlantic 37 years hardware manufacturer. later would any American know the Nellie's last big story was in 1920 adulation that Nellie received. —and it was another first. She was For weeks, "the whole nation the first newspaperwoman allowed talked about the intrepid girl who beyond the little green door in the made travel seem easy and had death house at New York's Sing Sing For that lucky baby born shrunk the world to petty propor- prison to write an eyewitness ac- in 1976. This luxurious 40" x 45" crib and carriage tions," says historian W. A. Swan- count of an electrocution, the execu- blanket suitable for boy or girl. Rich red and berg. The French newspaper Figaro tion of convicted blue plush velour numerals appliqued and em- murderer George broidered in the traditional manner on a cuddly called her exploit "prodigious." Hamby. Her story turned out to be soft white blanket by Chatham. Edged with silky taffeta binding and red satin ribbon. Completely London papers admitted "none but a plea against capital punishment, washable. A unique and beautiful gift of warmth that's sure to become a family keepsake. Money an American girl could successfully an idea that drew more humphs than back if not delighted. Order now. have carried it off." In Tennessee, a hurrahs. Nellie, it seemed, had out- Send $19.95 plus e wealthy admirer deeded her a large lived her era. Blankety llX^t% : Blankets tract of land. A race horse was Two years later, on January 22, Box 438-L2, Mamaroneck.N.Y. 10543 named after her. 1922, in New York City, Elizabeth N.Y. State residents add sales tax She just might have been our first Cochrane died of pneumonia at the female astronaut had she lived in age of 54. She left no relatives. There For July 4, Bicentennial, Special Events 1975 but, as things turned out, she were no big, black headlines an- never again topped those effervescent nouncing that Nellie Bly had now CARBIDE CANNONS days of 1890. She went on lecture started a on what she once said would AsLow fBIG^BLAST) tour in the same dress she'd worn be her "travel round the sky." Most ^ifev during her globe-trotting days; gave papers, if they mentioned her death 995 L-M testimonials for pills typewrit- at all, and carried modest obituaries. Irilliant

ers ; launched a Sunday column, then Even the New York Evening Jour- Flash an innovation for a newspaper; and nal, the Machined brass paper she joined in 1919, MAMMOTH CANNON &&t3^&fo,J/fr mechanism for eas loading SHOOTS WITH TER- MWKSwT .. V & was soon earning $25,000 a year, a gave her lines. lr n but a few RIFIC * Modern BOOM HEARD" t ,n wfiHBSt 1 ./ ! iR'., „ " World War II cannons FORcnn BLOCKS!Dinr-ici ^MHrav, fabulous sum for man or woman in "She was considered the best re- RuggedWHMM» hai'e heavy-duty rubber heavy duty cast iron. Lasts &*m&i^ tractor wheels. Four her day. She had fulfilled two parts porter in America," it said. lifetime. Many in use for 50 models. The bigger the years & firing as good as new. cannon the louder the noise. baC k Uar H a n d d m e0r eC ' 2S3P SRDVR NOW : roomr oomTndecorationr- whenr not in |; m ited supply. Send check or use. Hundreds of shots for money order. Your order ship- few cents. Uses carbide, pad same day received. Not Authentic design. sold in Michigan. TO THE AMERICAN LEGION

World War I Cannon. 17' Long 2 Large Iron Wheeb $16.95 CANCER FUND FOR THE 25" Cannon. Long. 8 Tractor . . K\A\\I Modem 155mm Wheels . $25.95 NUWamERICAN Carbide Ammo. About 500 shots. $ 2.50 CANCER SOCIETY^ Add $1.75 Shipping & Handling Johnson Smith Co., 35075 Automation, American Legion National Headquarters Dept. 576, Mt. Clemens, Michigan 48043 P.O. Box 1055 Indianapolis, IN 46206 Amount Enclosed $_

Here is my contribution to The American Legion and American Legion Auxiliary Cancer Fund for the American Cancer Society. NAME (Print clearly)

ADDRESS If you have an idea for a new product, or a way to make an old product better, contact us, "the idea people" We'll develop your idea, introduce it to industry, negotiate for cash sale or royalty licensing. Write now without cost or obligation for free information. Fees are charged only for contracted services. So send for your FREE "Inventor's Kit." It and State). LEGION POST (Number has important Marketing Information, a special "Invention Record Form" and a Directory of 500 Corporations Seeking New Products. AUXILIARY UNIT (Number and State)_ RAYMOND LEE ORGANIZATION 230 Park Avenue North, New York, NY 10017 SONS OF THE AMERICAN LEGiON SQUADRON (Number and State). At no cost or obligation, please rush my ". FREE "Inventor's Kit No. a- i 83

(Checks should be made payable to "The American Legion for the account of the Ameri- Name Please Print can Cancer Society" and mailed to Treasurer, The American Legion, P.O. Box 1055, I Indianapolis, IN 46206. Contributions also may be made through local Posts for forward- Address ing to National Headquarters. Contributions are tax deductible. Do not send cash through the mails.) City State Zip

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976 47 —

DIVERSE DANCES There's a type of dance to suit every taste The choice presents quite an array; Some sound alike, but are miles apart Like Bali, Belly and Ballet. George O. Ludcke

BETTER WAY TO DO IT To err is human. But to really mess things up you need automation. Troy D. Dickson TRUE TO THE END There once was a man named Tom Brown, The most ornery critter in town, When he died they all laughed, You'd have thought they were daft, For, you guessed it, he still wore a frown! Marion Ahlborn EVER NOTICE? Nothing makes you feel so much like an amateur as your take-home pay.

Lucille J. Goodyear BOOK STORE SURPRISE

The author who barely is able To give sickly smiles, shrug or scoff, Is the one whose books are on a table Marked half off. Colleen Stanley Bare TRANSFORMATION

"A dollar a day, unlimited free mileage, insurance and gas included! One of life's greatest mysteries is how How's that for discount transportation." that idiot who married your daughter can THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE be the father of the smartest grandchildren in the world. Dennis Burton

ILL WINDS CITY SLICKER SARCASM Nobody's gonna believe this, But it's true (I give my oath): The young woman who had always lived in a city agreed to move to When I sit in between two smokers, the farm with her country-bred husband. She tried to adjust to her new I'm always downwind from both. life, but the day he came home with two hundred baby chicks for her Bob McKenty to raise, her enthusiasm ran low. "Oh darling, thank you," she cooed sarcastically. "My coop runneth over." Margaret Shauers

NEW FORM OF PUNISHMENT

A television rating service discovered the inmates of a prison watched only daytime programs. One of the investigators asked the prisoners why they never watched any of the evening shows. "That's simple," explained one. "The lights go out at 8:30."

"But why do you watch it during the daytime?"

The prisoner shrugged. "I guess we thought it was part of the punish- ment," he replied. Lane Olinghouse

NUMBERS GAME

A man who hated to be asked: "Who's calling?" when he placed a telephone call, also despised having his calls answered with a phone number. But everything finally fell into place one morning. "555-6713," answered the secretary who was guarding her day's supply of good morning greetings. if off, try "May I speak to Mr. Brown?" asked the man, slightly annoyed. "Well, you can't get me to get me into that country club prison "May I tell him who's calling?" asked the secretary. where I can practice my golf swing "545-1702," was the remarkably controlled reply. down the fairway." Dan Bennett THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE

48 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1976

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