OUR CREED: To perpetuate the memory of our shipmates who gave their lives in the pursuit of duties while serving their country. That their dedication, deeds, and supreme sacrifice be a constant source of motivation toward greater accomplishments. Pledge loyalty and patriotism to the of America and its constitution.

UNITED STATES VETERANS INCORPORTATED PALMETTO BASE NEWSLETTER September 2011

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Eternal Patrol – COL Charles P. Murray, Jr., USA(RET)…………………………………………………………….....3

Picture of the Month………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….7

Meeting Attendees…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….9

Minutes……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..9

Old Business………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………9

New Business…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..10

Good of the Order……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………10

Base Contacts…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..11

Birthdays………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….11

New Members…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………11

Binnacle List…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….11

From the National Chaplain…………………………………………………………………………………………………….12

Clarence Teseniar Eternal Patrol Certification Presentation…………………………………………………….13

Dates in American Naval History……………………………………………………………………………………………..14

Dates in U.S. Submarine History………………………………………………………………………………………………21

Traditions of the Naval Service………………………………………………………………………………………………..36

WWII Submarine Veterans Memorial Registration………………………………………………………………….38

Monthly Calendar……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………41

Lost Boats...... 42

Advertising Partners...... 43

9/11 Remembered

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ETERNAL PATROL COLONEL CHARLES P. MURRARY, JR., USA(RET)

Rank and organization : First Lieutenant, U.S. Army, Company C, 30th Infantry, 3d Infantry Division. Place and date : Near Kaysersberg, , 16 December 1944. Entered service at : Wilmington, N.C. Birth : Baltimore, Md. G.O. No. : 63, 1 August 1945. Citation : For commanding Company C, 30th Infantry, displaying supreme courage and heroic initiative near Kaysersberg, France, on 16 December 1944, while leading a reinforced platoon into enemy territory. Descending into a valley beneath hilltop positions held by our troops, he observed a of 200 Germans pouring deadly mortar, bazooka, machinegun, and small arms fire into an American battalion occupying the crest of the ridge. The enemy's position in a sunken road, though hidden from the ridge, was open to a flank attack by 1st Lt. Murray's patrol but he hesitated to commit so small a force to battle with the superior and strongly disposed enemy. Crawling out ahead of his troops to a vantage point, he called by radio for artillery fire. His shells bracketed the German force, but when he was about to correct the range his radio went dead. He returned to his patrol, secured grenades and a rifle to launch them and went back to his self- appointed outpost. His first shots disclosed his position; the enemy directed heavy fire against him as he methodically fired his missiles into the narrow defile. Again he returned to his patrol. With an automatic rifle and ammunition, he once more moved to his exposed position. Burst after burst he fired into the enemy, killing 20, wounding many others, and completely disorganizing its ranks, which began to withdraw. He prevented the removal of 3 German mortars by knocking out a truck. By that time a mortar had been brought to his support. 1st Lt. Murray directed fire of this weapon, causing further casualties and confusion in the German ranks. Calling on his patrol to follow, he then moved out toward his original objective, possession of a bridge and construction of a roadblock. He captured 10 Germans in foxholes. An eleventh, while pretending to surrender, threw a grenade which knocked him to the ground, inflicting 8 wounds. Though suffering and bleeding profusely, he refused to return to the rear until he had chosen the spot for the block and had seen his men correctly deployed. By his single- handed attack on an overwhelming force and by his intrepid and heroic fighting, 1st Lt. Murray stopped a counterattack, established an advance position against formidable odds, and provided an inspiring example for the men of his command.

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WWII hero Charles P. Murray Jr. dies at 90

WWII Veteran and Medal of Honor recipient Col. Charles P. Murray speaks during the "Salute to World War II Veterans" program held Saturday Feb. 26, 2005 at the Historic USO/ Community Arts Center downtown.

Published: Saturday, August 13, 2011 at 3:30 a.m. Last Modified: Friday, August 12, 2011 at 9:31 p.m.

Col. Charles P. Murray Jr., a Medal of Honor recipient and New Hanover High School graduate, passed away Friday in Columbia, S.C. He was 90.

WWII hero Charles P. Murray Jr. dies at 90

He's remembered for his valor, positive demeanor and achievements.

"Charles Murray was a wonderful friend. He was a magnificent soldier and public servant," said Wilbur Jones, a local historian.

Murray died in his sleep Friday afternoon after a short illness, his son, Brian Murray, said. He had a pacemaker put in four weeks ago and got very ill last night, Brian Murray said.

Charles Murray received the Medal of Honor for valor during World War II. On Dec. 14, 1944, in Kayserberg, France, then-1st Lt. Murray organized his company to keep German troops from taking a hill and the valley below. He killed 20 enemy soldiers, wounded several and captured 10.

At one point, a German soldier tossed a grenade that wounded him in eight places. Before seeking medical care, he put his troops into position. Murray graduated from New Hanover High School in 1938.

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According to the Congressional Medal of Honor Society, Murray received his medal in Salzburg, Austria, presented by Lt. Gen. Geoffrey Keyes, Commanding Gen. U.S. II Corps., on July 5, 1945.

In 2001, Murray Middle School in New Hanover County was named after the colonel. At the naming ceremony, Murray said: "I'm pleased with what I see."

But he also took the time to ask the crowd to remember those who suffered and died at . The 60th anniversary of the Japanese had just occurred. "Some people said we were almost knocked out of the ring," Murray said. "But this nation rapidly organized and equipped and trained ... the mightiest military. We emerged a better people and a stronger nation."

Jones said Murray visited Wilmington numerous times over the years and was supportive of efforts to preserve Wilmington's World War II history.

"He was one of my guiding lights," Jones said. "He was one of the most pleasant, most positive men I have ever worked with."

When he returned to Wilmington, Murray enjoyed visiting with students at his namesake school.

"He loved the students," Jones said. "He was very proud of the fact that the school was named for him."

Murray Middle School is one of three at Veterans Park named for Medal of Honor recipients. The others are Ashley High, named for Sgt. Eugene Ashley Jr., and Anderson Elementary, named for Rear Admiral Edwin A. Anderson.

Don Hayes, New Hanover County Board of Education chairman, remembered being on the school board when the decision was made. He said he thought it was a wonderful idea and a fitting tribute.

"I'm in awe of what I know these people did to be awarded the Medal of Honor," Hayes said. Jones noted that in recent years he visited Kayserberg and has been working with a veterans' organization to install a historic marker in a vineyard there.

Murray was a career military man, according to his son, Brian Murray. In addition to World War II, he served in Korea and Vietnam. He retired from Fort Jackson as a brigade colonel in 1971. Murray had lived in Columbia, S.C., since the late 1960s.

He came to Wilmington when he was 6 months old and lived here until he returned from World War II. Then, he transferred around the world doing his duty, Brian Murray said. Charles Murray was a graduate of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Murray is survived by his wife Anne, whom he married in 1942, and many other family members, including his son Brian and his daughter, Cynthia. Murray's sister-in-law, Barbara 5

Moore, lives in Castle Hayne with her husband Arthur. Murray was preceded in death by his son Charles P. Murray III and his brothers, Bill and Don Murray. Funeral services were pending as of press time. There are 84 Medal of Honor recipients alive today.

Sherry Jones: 343-2378

On Twitter: @StarNewsOnline

Source: http://www.starnewsonline.com/article/20110813/articles/110819853

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Three veterans of Operation Crossroads are shown at Mare Island on 17 Oct 1946 in the Pacific Reserve Fleet. Left to right: Dentuda (SS 335) , Searaven (SS 196) and Tuna (SS 203) ; Parche (SS 384) is aft of these three. Bluegill (SS 242) and Hackleback (SS 295) are to the left.

Source: http://navsource.org/

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Brian Steffen

Vice CDR : D. W. Eggleston Events Chair : Allen “Buzz” Danielson Jr. VCDR : Randy Browning Fundraising Chair : Jim Null Secretary : George “Scram” Kokolis Liaison : D. W. Eggleston Treasurer : J. P. Watson Committee Chair : Tom O’Brien Chaplain : Bob Miller Ship’s Photographer : Jim Null Chief of the Boat : Jim “Snake” Stark Bereavement Chair : Randy Browning Webmaster : Mark Basnight Kap(SS) 4 Kid(SS) Chair : Don Van Borsch Storekeeper : Brian Steffen Newsletter Editor : Randy Browning

Milt Berkey Michael House Tom Paige Steven Black Fernando Iglesias Larry Peay David Castro John Jeffries Tommy Richardson James L. Charbonneau Kenneth Johnson Ted R. Schneeberg Tracy R. Charbonneau Charlie Kerr James P. Scott Lonnie Franklin James N. Kirby Vince Seay Ronald Friend Arnold Kirk Leonard M. Snell Ken Fuhr John J. Krause John Solis Julian Galloway Harold R. Lane L. E. Spradlin Joseph E. Gawronski William M. Lindler Jerry Stout Joseph L. Geiger Eddie McVicker Thomas N. Thompson Glenn E. Harris Mark Morgan Jeffro M. Wagner Stoney Hilton John Nesbitt

Medal of Honor Recipient, Holland Club, Plankowner, Past District Commander, Past Base Commander, Past Vice Commander, Past Junior Vice Commander, Past Secretary, Past Treasurer, Past Chaplain, Palmetto Base Hall of Fame, Palmetto Silver Star Award

Judy Cline Charlie MacKenzie

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Mark Basnight Bob Miller Milt Berkey Jim Null Allen “Buzz” Danielson Tommy Richardson D. W. Eggleston L. E. Spradlin Lonnie Franklin Jim “Snake” Stark Ken Fuhr Brian Steffen Ronald Friend Thomas N. Thompson Julian Galloway Don Van Borsch Nick Harbrecht Jeffro M. Wagner George “Scram” Kokolis J. P. Watson

• Call to Order at 1900 hours by Commander Brian Steffen . • Invocation was given by Chaplin Bob Miller. • Pledge of Allegiance was led by Commander Brian Steffen . • The Tolling of the Boats was led by Vice Commander D. W. Eggleston with Jim “Snake” Stark tolling the bell. • Member Introduction – 18 members and 2 guests were present. John Nesbitt was added as a new members • Base Secretary’s Report – Motion to accept minutes as written was accepted. • Treasurer’s Report – $5,666.67 (Kap(SS) 4 Kid(SS): $3,800.00, Float fund: $1,073.55, Operating Fund $593.12) was accepted. • 17 members and 2 guests were present.

• $1 donated by Snake for lease on if that happens • A reminder that the cruise will be September 3 rd , boarding is at 1800, departure is at 1830, directions are on the website • The deadline for cruise tickets is now August 29 th

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• We still need 9 people to sign up for the cruise to get the discount. We’ll try to get them, but if we can’t, then the operational fund will make up the difference • Our metal drive is going well

• Christmas party will be December 20 at Gilligans in Lexington • Base Commander presented Tommy Richardson the Past Commander’s Award • Base Commander informed the members that 2 members (COL Charles P. Murray, Jr. and Clarence Teseniar ) passed away • Base Commander showed the members the plaque to present to Teseniar’s people • Base Commander reminded the members to make preparations for our final journey • www.medalsofamerica.com is a business based in SC that miniaturizes military medals and stuff to wear on suits and other things • Base Commander reminded the members that everyone can have a political opinion, but USSVI or the Palmetto Base doesn’t get involved in politics. Think twice before wearing your vest at a political rally. • Motion to end the meeting is accepted • Bob Miller says a prayer

• Nothing added

Benediction was given by Chaplin Bob Miller.

Depth Charge $80.00 was won by J. P. Watson. $40.00 to J. P. and $40.00 to the float fund.

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Commander : Brian Steffen (803) 897-2480 [email protected] Vice Commander : D.W. Eggleston (803) 932-9390 [email protected] Junior Vice CDR .: Randy Browning (803) 808-7065 [email protected] Secretary : George Kokolis (803) 460-5882 [email protected] Treasurer : J. P. Watson (803) 361-4193 [email protected] COB : Jim Starke (803) 957-7153 [email protected] Chaplain : Bob Miller (803) 603-0538 [email protected] Bereavement: Randy Browning (803) 808-7065 [email protected] Holland Club : D.W. Eggleston (803) 932-9390 [email protected] Storekeeper : Brian Steffen (803) 897-2480 [email protected] Newsletter : Randy Browning (803) 808-7065 [email protected]

Lonnie Franklin – September 2nd Ken Fuhr Bob Miller – September 17th Mark Morgan – September 17th Arnold Kirk – August 22nd

Mark Basnight Julian Galloway Bob Miller’s daughter Tom O’Brien Randy Browning

"He that is good for making excuses is seldom good for anything else. " Benjamin Franklin

Source : http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Benjamin_Franklin

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The revised USSVI Chaplain Manual is now posted on the USSVI website. Base Chaplains and Base please place this information in your base newsletter. The manual has updated examples for Eternal Patrol programs for Shipmates that have gone on External Patrol and three new appendixes. Much of the updated information in this manual was requested by base Chaplains and questions requesting information from next of kin members for shipmates that have gone on Eternal Patrol. https://www.ussvi.org/Documents/Eternal_Manuals_chapmanl.pdf

Appendix I contain examples of funeral Services currently being conducted by USSVI Chaplains that can be used in the funeral home, church service or at the burial service.

Appendix II contains additional prayers as was requested by some base Chaplains.

Appendix III Contains information for Base Chaplains and the base membership: Information how to order the USSVI multiple purpose USSVI card, Retiree what survivors should know, Information and form to order Veterans Affairs headstone or marker at no cost for use in Private Cemeteries, Q&A about VA’s Medallion benefit and The United States Burial At Sea Program.

The Policy and Procedure manual has also recently been revised in 2011. The National Secretary Tom Conlon has updated this manual which has much information of value to all the USSVI base members. https://www.ussvi.org/Documents/Online_Manuals_2011_PPM_Revised_May_2011.pdf

Respectfully Yours, Carl Schmidt National Chaplain, USSVI

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Base Commander Brian Steffen and Vice Commander D. W. Eggleston Present Mrs. Teseniar with her husband’s Eternal Patrol Certificate

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September 1 1781 - French fleet traps British fleet at Yorktown, VA 1925 - CDR John Rodgers and crew of 4 in PN-9 run out of fuel on first to flight. Landing at sea, they rigged a sail and set sail for Hawaii. 1941 - U.S. assumes responsibility for trans-Atlantic convoys from Argentia, to the meridian of Iceland 1942 - Establishment of Air Force, Pacific Fleet, VADM Aubrey W. Fitch, USN 1942 - First Seabee unit to serve in a combat area, 6th Naval Construction Battalion, arrives on Guadalcanal. 1945 - USS Benevolence (AH-13) evacuates civilian internees from 2 internment camps near , September 2 1918 - Navy ships and crews assist earthquake victims of Yokohama and Tokyo, Japan 1940 - -for-Bases agreement between U.S. and 1944 - USS Finback (SS-230) rescues Lieutenant (jg) George Bush, USNR (VT-51), shot down while attacking Chichi Jima 1945 - Japan signs surrender documents on board USS Missouri (BB-63) at anchor in Tokyo Bay. FADM Chester W. Nimitz, USN, signs for the U.S. In different ceremonies, Japanese on Islands, Truk, and on Pagan Island and Rota in the Marianas surrender. September 3 1782 - As a token of gratitude for French aid during American Revolution, the U.S. gives America (first ship-of-the-line built by U.S.) to France to replace a French ship lost in . 1783 - Signing of Treaty of Paris ends American Revolution 1885 - First classes at U.S. Naval War College begin 1925 - Crash of rigid airship Shenandoah near Byesville, OH 1943 - American landings on Lae and Salamaua 1944 - First combat employment of a missile guided by radio and television takes place when Navy drone Liberator, controlled by Ensign James M. Simpson in a PV, flew to attack German submarine pens on Helgoland Island. 1945 - Japanese surrender Wake Island in ceremony on board USS Levy (DE-162) September 4 1804 - USS Intrepid (LT Richard Somers) blew up in failed attack on Tripoli 1941 - German submarine, U-652 , attacks USS Greer , which was tracking the submarine 14

southeast of Iceland. Greer is not damaged, but drops depth charges, damaging U-652 . 1954 - Icebreakers, USS Burton Island (AGB-1) and USCG Northwind , complete first transit of Northwest passage through McClure Strait. 1954 - P2V from VP-19 shot down by Soviet aircraft near Swatow, 1960 - USS Bushnell and Penguin begin relief operations in Marathon, FL, after Hurricane Donna. September 5 1776 - Adoption of first uniforms for Navy officers 1813- USS Enterprise captures HM brig Boxer off Portland, ME 1918 - USS Mount Vernon torpedoed by German submarine off France 1923 - U.S. Asiatic Fleet arrives at Yokohama, Japan, to provide medical assistance and supplies after Kondo Plain earthquake. 1939 - President Franklin D. Roosevelt orders Navy to form a Neutrality Patrol to report the presence of foreign warships within 300 miles of eastern United States. 1946 - USS Franklin Delano Roosevelt (CVB-42) and 4 escorts visit to underscore U.S. support for the Greek Government which faced a Communist insurgency. 1990 - USS Acadia (AD-42) departs for first war-time deployment of male-female crew on combat vessel September 6 1918 - Sailors fire first of the 5 railroad batteries at Tergnier, a German rail head in the Comeigne Forest. These 14"-50 caliber guns were originally designed for . 1939 - Navy begins formation of Neutrality Patrol for 1940 - First transferred to Great Britain at Halifax, Nova Scotia, under "Destroyers- for- Bases agreement. 1944 - USS Independence (CVL-22) begins use of specially trained air group for night work. First time that a fully equipped night carrier operates with fast carrier task force. 1945 - U.S. troops begin returning to U.S. when Task Force 11 left Tokyo Bay for U.S. 1953 - Exchange of prisoners of war from (Operations Big Switch) ends September 7 1776 - David Bushnell attempts to destroy a British Ship of the Line, HMS Asia, in New York harbor with his submarine Turtle. 1814 - USS Wasp captures HMS Avon 1864 - USS Wachusett captures CSS Florida at Bahia, 1942 - First air evacuation of casualties to hospital ships off shore occurs at Guadalcanal. September 8 1923 - In disaster at Point Honda, , 7 destroyers run aground through faulty navigation 1939 - President Franklin D. Roosevelt proclaims limited national emergency and increases enlisted strength in the Navy and Marine Corps; also authorizes the recall to active duty of , men and nurses on the retired lists of the Navy and Marine Corps 1954 - U.S. signs Treaty forming SEATO 1958 - LT R. H. Tabor, wearing a Navy developed suit, completes 72-hour simulated flight at altitudes as high as 139,000 feet. It was another step in the development of the Navy spacesuit, which NASA accepted in 1959 for use by Mercury astronauts. September 9 1825 - USS Brandywine sails for France to carry the Marquis de Lafayette home after his year

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long visit to America. 1841 - First iron ship authorized by Congress 1940 - Navy awards contracts for 210 ships, including 12 carriers and 7 battleships 1943 - Operation Avalanche, Western Naval Task Force under VADM Hewitt, USN, lands Allied forces at Salerno, 1944 - Fifth Fleet carrier aircraft begin air strikes on Japanese shipping and facilities at , 1945 - A "computer bug" is first identified and named by LT Grace Murray Hopper while she was on Navy active duty in 1945. It was found in the Mark II Aiken Relay Calculator at Harvard University. The operators affixed the moth to the computer log, where it still resides, with the entry: "First actual case of bug being found." They "debugged" the computer, first introducing the term. September 10 1813 - In Battle of Lake Erie, Commodore Oliver Perry, flying his "Don't give up the ship" flag, defeats British squadron and says: "We have met the enemy and they are ours..." 1925 - Submarine R-4 rescues crew of PN-9 10 miles from their destination of Hawaii (See also September 1) 1814 - In Battle of Lake Champlain, Commodore Thomas Macdonough defeats a British Squadron. 1939 - Bear (AG-29) is commissioned by the U.S. Navy for Antarctic operations under command of RADM Richard Byrd, USN (Ret.). 1941 - President Franklin D. Roosevelt announces order to the Navy to "shoot on sight" vessels threatening U.S. shipping or ships under U.S. escort. 1942 - Pharmacist’s Mate First Class Wheeler B. Lipes, USN, performs emergency appendectomy on Seaman First Class Darrell D. Rector, USNR, on board USS Seadragon on patrol in . 1943 - surrenders to Allies 1945 - Operation Magic Carpet, the return of troops to the U.S., begins. 2001 - American Flight 77 hijacked by terrorists struck . Casualties include 33 sailors, 6 Department of the Navy civilians, and 3 Navy civilian contractors reported missing, Arlington, VA. Two commercial airliners also struck the World Trade Center in , NY, destroying both towers. 2002 - The "Don't Tread on Me" First Navy Jack is flown by Navy ships marking the first anniversary of the terrorists attacks on the Pentagon and World Trade Center September 12 1916 - First demonstration of automatic stabilization and direction gear in aircraft 1944 - 5th Fleet carrier aircraft begin 3-day attack on Japanese shipping and facilities in Visayas, Philippines 1952 - USS Coral Sea (CVB-43) took Marshall Josip Tito for a one-day cruise in the Adriatic Sea where he was shown flight operations. 1961 - Navy task force sails to aid the Galveston area after hurricane Carla hits Texas 1966 - Launch of Gemini 11, piloted by CDR Charles Conrad Jr., USN and LCDR Richard F. Gordon Jr., USN. Their mission lasted 2 days and 23 hours and included 44 orbits at an altitude of

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1368.9 km.. Recovery was by HS-3 helicopter from USS (LPH-9) 1967- Operation Coronado V began in Mekong Delta 1992 - Joint Task Force Hawaii activated to provide humanitarian aid after Typhoon Iniki struck Hawaiian Islands September 13 1814 - British bombardment of Fort McHenry inspires the Star Spangled Banner. 1847 - Marine Brigade leads U.S. forces that storm Chapultepec Castle near Mexico City, inspiring one line of the Marine Hymn 1906 - Sailors and Marines from USS Denver land in at the request of the Cuban government to preserve order during a revolution. 1939 - Navy suspends transfers to the Fleet Reserve after 20 years service and retains men on active duty. 1985 - Commander Middle East Force orders escort of Military Sealift Ships in because of Iranian seizure of merchant vessels. September 14 1899 - Gunboat Concord and monitor Monterey capture two insurgent schooners at Aparri, Philippine Islands 1939 - Atlantic Squadron Neutrality Patrol ships deploy September 15 1944 - Invasion of Peleliu, Palau Islands, after several days of intensive carrier aircraft bombing and ship bombardment. 1950 - U.S. forces under VADM Arthur Struble achieve an amphibious landing at Inchon, Korea 1967 - Operation Crimson in Mekong Delta September 16 1854 - CDR David G. Farragut takes possession of Mare Island, the first U.S. Navy Yard on the Pacific. 1917 - Navy Department authorizes establishment of 16 Naval air stations abroad 1922 - Commander Halsey Powell in USS Edsall became the senior officer directing the evacuation of 250,000 Greek refugees from after war between Greece and Turkey. 1940 - President Roosevelt signs Selective Training and Service Act, the first peacetime draft. 1958 - USS Grayback fires first operational launch of Regulus II surface to surface guided missile off CA coast; Missile carries first U.S. mail sent by guided missile. 1966 - USS Oriskany helicopters rescue 44-men crew of British merchant ship August Moon near Hong Kong September 17 1861 - Union landing party from USS Massachusetts takes possession of Ship Island south of , LA. This was the headquarters for ADM David Farragut's Gulf Coast Blockading Squadron. 1944 - Navy Task Force lands Army troops on Angaur, Palau Islands supported by Navy carrier aircraft and shore bombardment September 18 1926 - Navy brings relief aid to Miami, FL, after a severe hurricane. 1936 - Squadron 40-T, based in the Mediterranean, established to protect U.S. interests and

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citizens around Iberian peninsula throughout the Spanish Civil War. 1941 - U.S. Navy ships escort eastbound British trans-Atlantic for first time (Convoy HX- 150). Although the U.S. Navy ships joined HX-150, which left port escorted by British ships on 16th, on night of 17 September, the official escort duty began on 18th. 1947 - National Security Act becomes effective September 19 1915 - SECNAV Josephus Daniels organizes the Naval Consulting Board to mobilize the scientific resources of U.S. for national defense. 1957 - Bathyscaph Trieste, in a dive sponsored by the Office of Naval Research in the Mediterranean, reaches record depth of 2 miles 1992 - Joint Task Force Marianas stands down after providing assistance to Guam after Typhoon Omar September 20 1911 - Navigational instruments first requested for naval aircraft. 1951 - In Operation Summit, the first combat helicopter landing in history, U.S. Marines were landed in Korea. 1981 - USS Mount Hood and Navy helicopters rescue 18 crew members of Philippine Navy , Datu Kalantiaw September 21 1858 - Sloop Niagara departs Charleston, SC, for Liberia with African slaves rescued from slave ship. 1923 - Asiatic Fleet completes mission of aiding earthquake victims in Japan. 1939 - President Franklin D. Roosevelt asks Congress to repeal the arms embargo provision of the Neutrality Act. 1944 - Aircraft from 12 carriers commence 2-day attack against Japanese ships and airfields on , Philippine Islands. 1984 - Mid East Force begins escort of U.S. flagged vessels in Persian Gulf. September 22 1776 - John Paul Jones in Providence sails into Canso Bay, Nova Scotia, and attacks British fishing fleet. 1943 - U.S. destroyers and land Australian troops at Finschhafen, . 1989 - After Hurricane Hugo, Sailors and Marines provide assistance to Charleston, SC, through 10 October. September 23 1779 - Captain John Paul Jones in Continental Navy frigate Bonhomme Richard captures HMS Serapis . 1931 - LT Alfred Pride pilots Navy's first rotary wing aircraft, XOP-1 autogiro, in landings and takeoffs on board USS Langley while underway. 1944 - Naval Task Group lands Army troops on Atoll, 1944 - USS West (BB-48) reaches Pearl Harbor and rejoins the Pacific Fleet, marking the end of the salvage and reconstruction of 18 ships damaged at Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. 1947 - James Forrestal, former SECNAV, takes office as first Secretary of Defense 1990 - Two Hospital ships (USNS Mercy and USNS Comfort ) steam together for first time in Arabian Gulf

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September 24 1918 - Ensign David S. Ingalls, USNR, in a Sopwith Camel, shoots down his fifth enemy aircraft, becoming the first U.S. Navy ace while flying with the British Royal Air Force. 1944 - 5th Fleet carrier aircraft attack Japanese in Visayas, Philippines 1960 - First nuclear powered , USS Enterprise (CVAN-65), launched at Newport News, VA September 25 1941 - In first successful U.S. Navy escort of convoys during World War II, Navy escort turn over HX-150 to British escorts at the Mid-Ocean Meeting Point. All ships reach port safely. 1957 - In project Stratoscope, Office of Naval Research obtains sharp photographs of sun's corona from first balloon-borne telescope camera. September 26 1781 - French fleet defeats British at Yorktown, VA 1910 - First recorded reference to provision for aviation in Navy Department organization 1918 - USS Tampa lost with 118 men, probably by German submarine 1931 - Keel laying at Newport News, VA of USS Ranger (CV-4), first ship designed and constructed as an aircraft carrier 1963 - First steam-eject launch of Polaris missile at sea off Cape Canaveral, FL (now Cape Kennedy) from USS Observation Island (EAG-154) September 27 1922 - Report on observations of experiments with short wave radio at Anacostia, DC, starts Navy development of radar 1941 - Launch of first , SS Patrick Henry , in Baltimore, MD 1942 - Armed Guard on SS Stephen Hopkins engages German auxiliary Stier and supply ship Tannenfels . Stephen Hopkins and Stier both sink. 1944 - Special Air Task Force (STAG-1) commences operations with drones, controlled by TBM aircraft, against Japanese in Southwestern Pacific 1950 - First Marine Division captures Seoul, September 28 1822 - Sloop-of-war Peacock captures 5 pirate vessels 1850 - Congress outlaws flogging on Navy ships 1923 - Navy aircraft take first and second places in international Schneider Cup Race 1944 - Marines occupy islands in under cover of naval aircraft and gunfire support. 1964 - First deployment of Polaris A-3 missile on USS Daniel Webster (SSBN 626) from Charleston, SC September 29 1944 - USS Narwhal (SS-167) evacuates 81 Allied prisoners of war that survived sinking of Japanese Shinyo Maru from Sindangan Bay, Mindanao 1946 -Lockheed P2V Neptune, Truculent Turtle, leaves Perth, on long distance non- stop, non-refueling flight that ends October 1. 1959 - USS Kearsarge (CVS-33) with Helicopter Squadron 6 and other 7th Fleet units begin 6 days of disaster relief to Nagoya, Japan, after Typhoon Vera. September 30 1800 - U.S. concludes treaty of peace with France, ending Quasi War with France. 1944 - USS Nautilus (SS-168) lands supplies and evacuates some people from Panay, Philipppine

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Islands. 1946 - U.S. Government announces that U.S. Navy units would be permanently stationed in the Mediterranean to carry out American policy and diplomacy. 1954 - Commissioning at Groton, CT, of USS Nautilus (SSN-571), the world's first nuclear- powered ship 1958 - Marines leave Lebanon. 1959 - Last flight of airships assigned to the Naval Air Reserve at Lakehurst, NJ takes place 1968 - arrives off Vietnam

Source: http://www.history.navy.mil/wars/dates.htm

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September 1 1906 - PCU CUTTLEFISH (later B-2) (SS-11) launched at Fore River Shipbuilding Co., Quincy, MA; sponsored by Miss Eleanor Gow, daughter of Commander J. L. Gow. 1920 - USS S-5 (SS-110) experienced massive flooding via the main induction and sank in 175 feet of water off the Delaware Coast. The crew managed to raise the stern of the 231 foot long boat to a point where the tiller room in the stern was above the surface. In a superhuman effort of over 30 hours, they drilled and cut a small hole in the pressure hull, summoned a passing freighter who aided in cutting a larger hole. No casualties but she foundered under tow and was never salvaged. She was struck from the in 1921. 1942 - PCU TUNNY (SS-282) commissioned USS TUNNY (SS-282) at Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, CA; Lt. Comdr. Elton Watters Grenfell in command. 1944 - PCU DEVILFISH (SS-292) commissioned USS DEVILFISH (SS-292) at Cramp Shipbuilding Co., , PA. 1948 - PCU TIRU (SS-416) commissioned USS TIRU (SS-416) at Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, CA; completed as a GUPPY type submarine. 1957 - in the first few days of September, USS NAUTILUS (SSN-571) suffered damage to two while surfacing under ice conditions during an exploratory trip under the Arctic icepack. NAUTILUS returned from under the icepack to the open sea to perform repairs on the surface. It took 12 hours in rough seas, freezing , and gale winds to fix one . The other was damaged beyond repair. 1962 - USS ASPRO (SS-309) third decommissioning. 1973 - Ex-RATON (AGSS-270) sold by Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) for scrapping. 21

Ex-BAYA (AGSS-318) sold by Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) for scrapping. Ex-BLACKFIN (SS-322) disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise (usually a target). 1985 - in September, USS DARTER (SS-576) collided with a Bahamanian merchant ship about 10 kilometers off Pusan, South Korea. The U.S. Navy said there were no injuries. USS NATHANIEL GREENE (SSBN-636) ran aground in the Irish Sea. 1994 - USS WOODROW WILSON (SSBN-624) decommissioned and struck from the Naval Vessel Register 1995- Ex-FRANCIS SCOTT KEY (SSBN-657) disposition complete by Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program (NPSSRP) at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA. 1997 - PCU (SSN-22) launched at the Electric Boat Division, Corp., Groton, CT. September 2 1917 - USS C-1 (ex-OCTOPUS) (SS-9) collided with USS C-4 (ex-BONITA) (SS-15) at Colon, Canal Zone. USS N-4 (SS-56) grounded near buoy S-7 off Laurence Point near New York Navy Yard. 1941 - PCU GURNARD (SS-254) keel laid as GURNARD at the Electric Boat Co., Groton, CT. 1944 - USS FINBACK (SS-230) rescued downed aviator LTJG George H.W. Bush about 7 1/2 miles off the southern end of the island of Chichi Jima. 1945 - surrender documents ending hostilites in the were signed in Tokyo Bay. Present at the ceremony was the tender USS Proteus and the USS ARCHERFISH (SS-311), USS CAVALLA (SS-244), USS GATO (SS-212), USS HADDO (SS-255), USS HAKE (SS-256), USS MUSKALLUNGE (SS-262), USS PILOTFISH (SS-386), USS RAZORBACK (SS-394), USS RUNNER (SS-275), USS SEGUNDO (SS-398), USS SEA CAT (SS- 399) and USS TIGRONE (SS-419). U. S. submarines sank 5 million tons of Japanese naval and merchant shipping at a loss of 52 U. S. submarines and more than 3,500 valiant men. World War II was over. The U.S. Fleet consisted of 6,768 active units, 232 were submarines. The defense budget was $83 billion representing 89.5% of federal spending. 1946 - USS SKIPJACK (SS-184) salvaged this day after the BAKER test at , towed to Pearl Harbor and then to Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, CA. 1999 - USS VIRGINIA (SSN-774) keel laying ceremony at Quonset Point, RI. Construction began at Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corp., Groton, CT and Newport News, VA. September 3 1913 - PCU K-1 (ex-HADDOCK) (SS-32) launched at Fore River Shipbuilding Co., Quincy, MA; sponsored by Mrs. Albert Ware Marshall. 1919 - PCU R-27 (SS-104) commissioned USS R-27 at Lake Torpedo Boat Co., Bridgeport, CT; Lt. William C. Burgy in command. 1952 - USS CAVALLA (SS-244) was placed out of commission and entered Electric Boat Co. yard for conversion to a hunter-killer submarine. September 4 1935 - PCU TARPON (SS-175) launched at Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT; sponsored by Miss Eleanore Katherine Roosevelt, daughter of Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Henry L. Roosevelt. 1940 - PCU GRAYLING (SS-209) launched at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Portsmouth, NH; sponsored by Mrs. Herbert F. Leary. 1943 - PCU ARCHERFISH (SS-311) commissioned USS ARCHERFISH (SS-311) at Portsmouth Navy 22

Yard, Kittery, ME. PCU ICEFISH (SS-367) keel laid as ICEFISH at Manitowoc Shipbuilding Co., Manitowoc, WI. 1962 - PCU VON STEUBEN (SSBN-632) keel laid as VON STEUBEN at Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co., Newport News, VA. 1963 - Ex-BALAO (SS/AGSS-285) main hull was sunk as a target off Charleston, South Carolina at 30°46.5'N, 74°11'W; the conning tower and shears are displayed at Navy Memorial Museum, Washington Navy Yard. 1979 - PCU CITY OF CORPUS CHRISTI (SSN-705) keel laid as CITY OF CORPUS CHRISTI at the Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corp., Groton, CT. September 5 1905 - PCU VIPER (later B-1) (SS-10) keel laid as VIPER at Fore River Shipbuilding Co., Quincy, MA. PCU TARANTULA (later B-3) (SS-12) keel laid as TARANTULA at Fore River Shipbuilding Co., Quincy, MA. 1919 - USS G-4 (ex-THRASHER) (SS-26) decommissioned and struck from the Naval Vessel Register. PCU R-11 (SS-88) commissioned USS R-11 at Fore River Shipbuilding Co., Quincy, MA; Lt. Comdr. Charles S. Alden commanding. 1936 - PCU POLLACK (SS-180) launched at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Portsmouth, NH; sponsored by Miss Anne Carter Lauman. 1945 - USS R-11 (SS-88) decommissioned. 1946 - USS TUNA (SS-203) arrived at Pearl Harbor from Kwajalein after participating in Operation Crossroads nuclear weapon tests at Bikini Atoll earlier that summer. USS DENTUDA (SS-335) arrived at Pearl Harbor from Kwajalein after participating in Operation Crossroads nuclear weapon tests at Bikini Atoll earlier that summer. 1956 - Ex-TARPON (SS-175) placed out of service and struck from the Naval Vessel Register. 1967 - USS CORPORAL (SS-346) collided with the racing sloop Media IV in Block Island Sound off Rhode Island. The sloop's owner claimed the submarine rammed the sloop and left without offering aid. The Navy said the submarine was stopped dead when hit. 1989 - USS WOODROW WILSON (SSBN-624) collision in the Atlantic. 2005 - USS PHILADELPHIA (SSN-690) and the Turkish-flagged MV YASO AYSEN collided in the Persian Gulf off while PHILADELPHIA was on the surface transiting to Bahrain for a port visit. No sailors or merchant seamen were injured. September 6 1911 - PCU CARP (later F-1) (SS-20) launched at Union Iron Works, San Francisco, CA; sponsored by Miss J. Tynan. 1919 - PCU AA-2 (later T-2) (later SF-2) (SS-60) launched at Fore River Shipbuilding Co., Quincy, MA; sponsored by Miss Madeline Everett. 1944 - PCU TORSK (SS-423) launched at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME. 1997 - PCU LOUISIANA (SSBN-743) commissioned USS LOUISIANA (SSBN-743) at the covered dry dock, King's Bay, GA. September 7 1776 - Sgt. Lee set out in Turtle , a one-man submarine built by 34-year old Yale graduate David Bushnell, to attack HMS Eagle. Sgt. Lee later reported that he was unable to penetrate the hull of the ship with the auger and withdrew. The British, sighting the craft, opened fire. Lee cut the mine loose and it drifted into the British anchorage. The British later 23

withdrew their ships to a new anchorage. 1937 - PCU SCULPIN (SS-191) keel laid as SCULPIN at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Portsmouth, NH. 1943 - PCU DARTER (SS-227) commissioned USS DARTER (SS-227) at the Electric Boat Co., Groton, CT; Commander W. S. Stovall, Jr., commanding. 1955 - PCU SAILFISH (SS-572) launched at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, ME. PCU X-1 (SSX-1) launched by Fairfield Engine and Airplane Corp, at Jakobson's Shipyard, Oyster Bay, Long Island, NY. 1963 - USS SANDLANCE (SS-381) second decommissioning; transferred (loaned) under terms of the Military Assistance Act to Brazil, renamed Rio Grande do Sol (S-11). USS PLAICE (SS-390) second decommissioning in preparation for transfer to Brazil under the Military Assistance Program. 1999 - Ex-SEA DEVIL (SSN-664) disposition complete by Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program (NPSSRP) at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA. September 8 1910 - PCU SALMON (later D-3) (SS-19) commissioned USS SALMON at Fore River Shipbuilding Co., Quincy, MA; Lieutenant D. G. Weaver commanding. 1944 - PCU KRAKEN (SS-370) commissioned USS KRAKEN (SS-370) at Manitowoc Shipbuilding Co., Manitowoc, WI. 1947 - USS TORSK (SS-423) collided with USS Johnston (DD-821). 1947 - USS ATULE (SS-403) decommissioned; laid up in the Atlantic Reserve Fleet, New London Group. September 9 1914 - PCU K-6 (SS-37) commissioned USS K-6 at Boston, MA; Lt. J. O. Fisher in command. 1918 - PCU H-6 (SS-149) commissioned USS H-6 at Puget Sound Navy Yard, Bremerton, WA; Lt. Robert P. Lucker in command. 1937 - PCU SPEARFISH (SS-190) keel laid as SPEARFISH at Electric Boat Co., Groton, CT. 1943 - USS GRAYLING (SS-209) departed on 30 July 1943 for her eighth war patrol going through and thence to the Philippines area. On 19 August she reported having damaged a 6,000-ton freighter near , and the following day told of having sunk a 250-ton Taki Maru-type pocket tanker by gunfire in , taking one man prisoner. This was the last report received direct from GRAYLING. On 23 August, she completed a special mission at Pandan Bay, Panay, delivering cargo to guerrillas. Guerrillas reported this mission. Then she departed for Tablas Strait, there to reconnoiter until 2 September, when she would patrol approaches to Manila until 10 September. She was to return to Pearl Harbor for refit, passing from SubSoWesPac to Subpac on 13 September. She was not heard from after 19 August 1943, and on 30 September 1943, GRAYLING was reported as presumed lost. It is certain that GRAYLING was lost between 9 and 12 September 1943 either in or along the approaches to Manila. Seventy-five men perished with her that day. She was the eighteenth U.S. submarine loss of World War II. 1943 - PCU RAZORBACK (SS-394) keel laid as RAZORBACK at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME. PCU REDFISH (SS-395) keel laid as REDFISH at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME. PCU RONQUIL (SS-396) keel laid as RONQUIL at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME. 1960 - PCU HADDO (SSN-604) keel laid as HADDO at New York Shipbuilding Corp, Camden, NJ. 1967 - PCU NARWHAL (SSN-671) launched at the Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corp., Groton, CT. 24

1972 - PCU GUITARRO (SSN-665) commissioned USS GUITARRO (SSN-665) at Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Vallejo, CA. 1989 - PCU PENNSYLVANIA (SSBN-735) commissioned USS PENNSYLVANIA (SSBN-735) at the Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corp., Groton, CT. 1994 - Ex-HALIBUT (SSN-587) disposition complete by Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program (NPSSRP) at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA. Ex-SCAMP (SSN-588) disposition complete by Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program (NPSSRP) at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA. She became the first nuclear powered submarine to be dismantled as part of the U. S. Navy's Submarine Recycling Program at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. This program lead to a safe and effective process for disposing of decommissioned nuclear powered submarines. 1995 - PCU TUCSON (SSN-770) commissioned USS TUCSON (SSN-770) at Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co., Newport News, VA. September 10 1944 - PCU DENTUDA (SS-335) launched at the Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT. 1945 - PCU DIODON (SS-349) launched at the Electric Boat Co., Groton, CT. USS O-10 (SS-71) second decommissioning at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Portsmouth, NH. 1952 - USS BREAM (SS-243) second decommissioning at San Francisco for conversion to a Hunter-Killer Submarine. 1953 - USS ANGLER (SS-240) recommissioned USS ANGLER (SSK-240) after conversion to a Hunter-Killer Submarine at the Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corp., Groton, CT. 1998 - Secretary of the Navy, John H. Dalton, named the lead ship of the new class VIRGINIA (SSN-774). Designed to dominate the coastal region, while maintaining open-ocean supremacy, the class includes Tomahawk missile capability; advanced systems for anti-submarine and mine warfare; reconfigurable torpedo room for special missions; advanced SEAL delivery system (ASDS) and nine-man lock out trunk to launch unmanned underwater or aerial vehicles for mine reconnaissance, intelligence gathering and other missions; enhanced stealth; and enhanced electronic support measures (ESM). September 11 1918 - PCU R-18 (SS-95) commissioned USS R-18 at Union Iron Works, San Francisco, CA; Lt. Comdr. Felix X. Gygax in command. 1919 - PCU S-10 (SS-115) keel laid as S-10 at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME. 1923 - PCU S-46 (SS-157) launched at Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp., Quincy, MA; sponsored by Miss Grace Roosevelt. 1940 - PCU DRUM (SS-228) keel laid as DRUM at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, ME. 1942 - PCU STEELHEAD (SS-280) launched at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME; sponsored by Mrs. Brown. 1945 - USS O-3 (SS-64) second decommissioning at Portsmouth, NH. USS O-6 (SS-67) second decommissioning at Portsmouth, NH; struck from the Navy Vessel Register. 1948 - Ex-SEARAVEN (SS-196) sunk as target off the California coast. 1959 - USS TAUTOG (SS-199) placed out of service and struck from the Naval Vessel Register. 1971 - PCU PINTADO (SSN-672) commissioned USS PINTADO (SSN-672) at Mare Island Naval 25

Shipyard, Vallejo, CA. 1982 - PCU MICHIGAN (SSBN-727) commissioned USS MICHIGAN (SSBN 727) at the Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corp., Groton, CT. 1995 - Ex-SWORDFISH (SSN-579) disposition complete by Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program (NPSSRP) at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA. Ex-STURGEON (SSN-637) disposition complete by Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program (NPSSRP) at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA. September 12 1935 - PCU PIKE (SS-173) launched at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Portsmouth, NH; sponsored by Miss Jane Logan Snyder. 1943 - PCU PERCH (SS-313) launched at the Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT; sponsored by Mrs. David A. Hart. 1966 - PCU HAWKBILL (SSN-666) keel laid as HAWKBILL at Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Vallejo, CA. 1986 - USS SKATE (SSN-578) decommissioned. 1987 - PCU (SSN-722) commissioned USS KEY WEST (SSN-722) at Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co., Newport News, VA. PCU PASADENA (SSN-752) launched at the Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corp., Groton, CT. September 13 1948 - Ex-SKIPJACK (SS-184) struck from the Naval Vessel Register. 1969 - USS BASHAW (SS-241) third and final decommisssioning; struck from the Navy Vessel Register. 1969 - USS ROCK (SS-274) second decommissioning at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA. 1997 - PCU CHEYENNE (SSN-773) commissioned USS CHEYENNE (SSN-773) at Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co., Newport News, VA. She was the sixty-second and last of the Los Angeles class (688-Improved) submarines. September 14 1915 - PCU M-1 (SS-47) launched at Fore River Shipbuilding Co., Quincy, MA; sponsored by Miss Sara Dean Roberts. 1923 - PCU S-21 (SS-126) commissioned USS S-21 (SS-126) at Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp., Quincy MA; Lt. R. P. Luker commanding. PCU S-39 (SS-144) commissioned USS S-39 (SS-144) at Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp., San Francisco, CA; Lt. J. A. Scott commanding. 1931 - Ex-S-2 (SS-106) sold for scrapping. 1938 - PCU SQUALUS (SS-192) launched at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME; sponsored by Mrs. Thomas C. Hart. 1942 - USS S-21 (SS-126) decommissioned and transferred to the United Kingdom. 1943 - PCU BURRFISH (SS-312) commissioned USS BURRFISH (SS-312) at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME; Commander W. B. Perkins commanding. 1945 - USS R-5 (SS-82) second decommissioning. Ex-S-1 (SS-105) scrapping complete at Durban, Natal, Union of South Africa. 1959 - PCU ETHAN ALLEN (SSBN-608) keel laid as ETHAN ALLEN at the Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corp., Groton, CT. 1985 - PCU NEVADA (SSBN-733) launched at the Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corp., 26

Groton, CT. 1992 - PCU CONNECTICUT (SSN-22) keel laid as CONNECTICUT at the Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corp., Groton, CT. September 15 1941 - PCU POGY (SS-266) keel laid as POGY at Manitowoc Shipbuilding Co., Manitowoc, WI. 1943 - PCU PINTADO (SS-387) launched at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME. 1944 - USS BARB (SS-220) sank an 11,000 ton tanker and a 20,000 ton escort carrier with a six shot spread from her bow tubes and in the process narrowly missed being rammed by a destroyer. 1958 - PCU SWORDFISH (SSN-579) commissioned USS SWORDFISH (SSN-579) at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, ME. 1962 - PCU ANDREW JACKSON (SSBN-619) launched at Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Vallejo, CA. 1964 - PCU JOHN C. CALHOUN (SSBN-630) commissioned USS JOHN C. CALHOUN (SSBN 630) at Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co., Newport News, VA. 1970 - Ex-CAVALLA (SS/SSK/AGSS-244) donated as a Museum and Memorial to Seawolf Park, Pelican Island, Galveston, TX. 1972 - Ex-SILVERSIDES (AGSS-236) donated as a Museum and Memorial to USS Silversides and Maritime Museum, Muskegon, MI USS BLACKFIN (SS-322) second decommissioning; struck from the Navy Vessel Register. 1988 - PCU RHODE ISLAND (SSBN-740) keel laid as RHODE ISLAND at the Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corp., Groton, CT. September 16 1925 - PCU S-47 (SS-158) commissioned USS S-47 (SS-158) at Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp., Quincy, MA; Lt. John Wilkes commanding. 1935 - USS S-48 (SS-159) second decommissioning; laid up in the Atlantic Reserve Fleet, League Island, PA. 1943 - PCU CHUB (SS-329) keel laid as CHUB at the Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT. 1947 - PCU TIRU (SS-416) launched at Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, CA; completed as a GUPPY type submarine. 1954 - several weeks before her first sea trials, a small pipe in the reactor compartment of USS NAUTILUS (SSN-571) burst, filling the area with steam during a test of the steam system while the ship was at the Electric Boat Shipyard in Groton, CT. The test was part of a quality control effort to check the adequacy of the shipyard's inspection system. The incident initially appeared to be minor. There were slight personnel injuries and no radiation . However, subsequent investigation showed the situation to be more serious. Specifications called for seamless pipe, but ordinary stanchion pipe had been used. All suspect pipe was ripped out and the mistake lead to more stringent quality control measures. 1960 - PCU JACK (SSN-605) keel laid as JACK at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, ME. PCU ROBERT E. LEE (SSBN-601) commissioned USS ROBERT E. LEE at Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co., Newport News, VA. 1969 - Ex-TREPANG (SS-412) sunk as a target by USS Henderson (DD-785) and USS Fechteler (DD-870) during "Strike Ex 4-69". 1994 - PCU CHARLOTTE (SSN-766) commissioned USS CHARLOTTE (SSN-766) at Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Co., Newport News, VA.

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September 17 1942 - PCU HOE (SS-258) launched at the Electric Boat Co., Groton, CT. 1945 - USS R-15 (SS-92) second decommissioning at Key West, FL. 1961 - Ex-DRAGONET (SS-293) sunk as a target after explosives tests in Upper in 150 feet of water. 1966 - PCU PARGO (SSN-650) launched at the Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corp., Groton, CT. 1994 - PCU GREENEVILLE (SSN-772) launched at Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co., Newport News, VA. September 18 1942 - PCU GURNARD (SS-254) commissioned USS GURNARD (SS-254) at the Electric Boat Co., Groton, CT; Lt. Comdr. C. H. Andrews commanding. PCU SCAMP (SS-277) commissioned USS SCAMP (SS-277) at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME ; Comdr. W. G. Ebert commanding. 1982 - PCU PORTSMOUTH (SSN-707) launched at the Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corp., Groton, CT. 1995 - Ex-SEADRAGON (SSN-584) disposition complete by Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program (NPSSRP) at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA. September 19 1903 - PCU PLUNGER (later A-1) (SS-2) commissioned USS PLUNGER at the Holland Co., New Suffolk, Long Island, NY. PCU (later A-6) (SS-7) commissioned USS PORPOISE at the Holland yard, New Suffolk, NY. PCU SHARK (later A-7) (SS-8) commissioned USS SHARK at the Holland yard, New Suffolk, NY. She was the seventh and last boat of the original Holland A class. 1943 - PCU GABILAN (SS-252) launched at the Electric Boat Co., Groton, CT; sponsored by Mrs. Jules James, wife of Rear Admiral James. 1944 - PCU MACABI (SS-375) launched at Manitowoc Shipbuilding Co., Manitowoc, WI. 1945 - USS R-18 (SS-95) second decommissioning at Portsmouth, NH. 1969 - PCU SEAHORSE (SSN-669) commissioned USS SEAHORSE (SSN-669) at the Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corp., Groton, CT. September 20 1922 - PCU S-28 (SS-133) launched at Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation, Quincy, MA; sponsored by Mrs. William R. Monroe. 1941 - PCU GREENLING (SS-213) launched at the Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT; sponsored by Mrs. R. S. Holmes. 1945 - USS O-4 (SS-65) second decommissioning at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Portsmouth, NH. USS R-1 (SS-78) second decommissioning at Key West, FL. 1946 - PCU SPINAX (SS-489) commissioned USS SPINAX (SS-489) at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME. 1948 - Ex-TUNA (SS-203) was towed by fleet ocean tug TEKESTA (ATF-93) from Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, CA to a point off the U.S. west coast for the submarine's final disposition and her "eternal patrol" in 1,160 fathoms of water. 1968 - PCU BILLFISH (SSN-676) keel laid as BILLFISH at the Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corporation, Groton, CT. 1977 - USS RAY (SSN-653) struck the bottom south of Sardinia, Italy, damaging her bow area. 28

RAY surfaced and proceeded to La Maddalena Naval Nase on Sardinia, escorted by USS GRAYLING (SSN-646). high-tech wizardry has lifted some of the mystery from events on June 20, 1941, when a U.S. Navy submarine disappeared with 33 men on board in a deep dive in the chilly waters off the Isles of Shoals. For half a century, all crew members of the USS O-9 (SS-70) were presumed lost at sea. But the precise location of the sleek, Quincy-built -era sub was not known for sure until this week. A Salem, NH, company used its sophisticated ''side-scan'' sonar equipment to peer into the depths from a University of New Hampshire research boat. A group of retired World War II submariners and Navy officials spotted the sub's partly crushed hull in water 420 feet deep, 17 miles off the New Hampshire coast. 2004 - USS PARCHE (SSN-683) returned to port for the final time at the Marginal Pier at Naval Base Kitsap, WA. PARCHE, the last active Sturgeon-class attack submarine, was due to be decommissioned on October 19, 2004 after serving the fleet since 1973. She was configured for research and development from 1987-1991 and was used primarily for intelligence gathering and underwater salvage. September 21 1916 - PCU O-15 (SS-76) keel laid as O-15 at California Shipbuilding Company, Long Beach, CA. 1922 - PCU S-10 (SS-115) commissioned USS S-10 (SS-115) at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME; Lt. Comdr. Carroll Q. Wright, Jr., commanding. 1942 - PCU CORVINA (SS-226) keel laid as CORVINA at the Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT. 1945 - USS POLLACK (SS-180) decommissioned at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Portsmouth, NH. 1949 - the Soviet publication Red Fleet alleged USS COCHINO (SS- 345) was sunk off Murmansk while scouting out military information. 1984 - USS JACKSONVILLE (SSN-699) collided with a Navy barge off Norfolk, VA, while travelling on the surface. JACKSONVILLE struck the barge amidships and was reported to have caused minor damage to her bow. 1987 - PCU JEFFERSON CITY (SSN-759) keel laid as JEFFERSON CITY at Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company, Newport News, VA. 1993 - USS GEORGE BANCROFT (SSBN-643) decommissioned and simultaneously struck from the Naval Vessel Register. September 22 1959 - PCU PATRICK HENRY (SSBN-599) launched at the Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corporation, Groton, CT. 1989 - USS NARWHAL (SSN-671) sustained minor damage during Hurricane Hugo while submerged at the Charleston Naval Base, SC. The ship was moored with nine double wires and two three-inch ship's lines, all but one of which were ripped loose during the first half of the storm. During the eye of the storm, the captain discovered the submarine had drifted to the center of the Cooper River. Tugboats and NARWHAL's crew unsuccessfully tried to move the submarine back to the pier. As the storm began again, the captain submerged the submarine in the river and NARWHAL rode out the remainder of the hurricane with only part of her conning tower exposed. September 23 1902 - PCU PORPOISE (later A-6) (SS-7) launched at Crescent Shipyard, Elizabethport, NJ ; sponsored by Mrs. E. B. Frost, the wife of E. B. Frost of Crescent Shipyard. 1918 - PCU R-2 (SS-79) launched at Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, MA; sponsored by Mrs.

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Charles M. Cooke. PCU R-22 (SS-99) launched at Lake Torpedo Boat Company, Bridgeport, CT; sponsored by Mrs. Erie A. Eklund. PCU R-27 (SS-104) launched at Lake Torpedo Boat Company, Bridgeport, CT; sponsored by Mrs. Mary Louise Foster. 1919 - PCU R-12 (SS-89) commissioned USS R-12 at Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, MA; Lt. F. J. Cunneen commanding. 1943 - PCU BRILL (SS-330) keel laid as BRILL at the Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT. 1944 - PCU BOARFISH (SS-327) commissioned USS BOARFISH (SS-327) at the Electric Boat Company, Groton CT; Commander R. L. Gross commanding. PCU CHARR (SS-328) commissioned USS CHARR (SS-328); Commander F. D. Boyle commanding. 1996 - Ex-LEWIS AND CLARK (SSBN-644) disposition complete by Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program (NPSSRP) at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA. 2005 - Capt. Joseph E. Tofalo relieved Capt. L. David Marquet as Commander, Submarine Squadron Three (COMSUBRON 3), in a change of command ceremony onboard USS OLYMPIA (SSN-717) at the Pearl Harbor Naval Station, HI submarine piers. Marquet relinquished command with three of his squadron's six fast attack submarines deployed to the Western Pacific, a fact that Pacific Submarine Force commander Rear Adm. Jeffrey Cassias hailed as a huge accomplishment. USS KEY WEST (SSN-722), USS LOUISVILLE (SSN-724) and USS COLUMBIA (SSN-771) were deployed, having completed their deployment preparations under Marquet's command. Additionally, OLYMPIA completed a deployment in the Western Pacific, while USS CHICAGO (SSN- 721) was nearing completion of her deployment preparations. The squadron's sixth submarine, USS HONOLULU (SSN-718) was nearing completion of maintenance availability in the Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard. Marquet, who served as the squadron's commander since August 2004, became the executive assistant to the Chief of Naval Personnel in Washington D.C. Tofalo, a 1983 graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy, was previously the Submarine Command Course instructor in Norfolk, VA. He commanded USS MAINE (SSBN-741) (GOLD). September 24 1918 - PCU H-5 (SS-148) launched at Puget Sound Navy Yard, Bremerton, WA. 1920 - Ex-A-2 (ex-ADDER) (SS-3) designated for use as a target. 1942 - PCU THREADFIN (SS-410) name changed from "Sole" this day during the contract award stage of her life. 1945 - USS SALMON (SS-182) decommissioned. 1948 - Ex-TUNA (SS-203) sunk as a target in 1,160 fathoms of water off the U.S. west coast. 1969 - USS CUSK (SS-348) decommissioned and simultaneously struck from the Naval Vessel Register. 1983 - PCU HONOLULU (SSN-718) launched at Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, Newport News, VA. 1992 - USS GEORGE C. MARSHALL (SSBN-654) decommissioned and simultaneously struck from the Naval Vessel Register. 1994 - PCU COLUMBIA (SSN-771) launched at the Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corporation, Groton, CT. September 25 1925 - USS S-51 (SS-162) lost with 33 officers and men after being rammed by the merchant steamer SS City of Rome off Block Island, NY. There were three survivors. 1941 - PCU SUNFISH (SS-281) keel laid as SUNFISH at Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, CA. 1943 - PCU FLASHER (SS-249) commissioned USS FLASHER (SS-249) at the Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT; Lieutenant Commander R. T. Whitaker commanding.

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1945 - USS R-9 (SS-86) second decommissioning at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Portsmouth, NH. 1946 - USS PICUDA (SS-382) decommissioned; laid up in the Atlantic Reserve Fleet, New London Group. 1971 - PCU SAND LANCE (SSN-660) commissioned USS SAND LANCE (SSN-660) at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, ME. 1982 - PCU HOUSTON (SSN-713) commissioned USS HOUSTON (SSN-713) at Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, Newport News, VA. 1990 - USS JAMES MONROE (SSBN-622) decommissioned and struck from the Naval Vessel Register. September 26 1917 - PCU N-1 (SS-53) commissioned USS N-1 at Seattle Construction and Drydock Company, Seattle, WA; Lt. G. A. Trevor commanding. PCU N-2 (SS-54) commissioned USS N-2 at Seattle Construction and Drydock Company, Seattle, WA; Lt. Hugh C. Frazer commanding. PCU N-3 (SS-55) commissioned USS N-3 at Seattle Construction and Drydock Company, Seattle, WA; Lt. William R. Munroe commanding. 1921 - USS R-6 (SS-83) sank at San Pedro Harbor after a crewman opened both outer and inner torpedo tube doors. She was refloated October 13, 1921 by USS R-10 (SS-87) and Cardinal. 1925 - PCU BASS V-2 (SF-5) (later-BASS) (SS-164) commissioned USS V-2 (SF-5) at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME; Lieutenant Commander G. A. Rood commanding. 1943 - PCU GUITARRO (SS-363) launched at Manitowoc Shipbuilding Company, Manitowoc, WI. 1961 - USS CHARR (SS-328) suffered engine room flooding while submerged at 100 feet and operating 150 miles west of San Diego, CA. Two sailors sealed themselves in the flooded compartment and saved the submarine and her 76 crewmen by manning the controls until the submarine surfaced. 2002 - the Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, DC, awarded a $442,923,371 contract to Electric Boat Corporation to provide detail design, procurement and manufacturing of Long Lead Time Material (LLTM). The contract helped support the conversion of up to four Ohio-class SSBN submarines to Ohio-class SSGN submarines. It also provided for a complete, accurate and producible Ship Detail Design and the manufacture and procurement of LLTM to support the conversion of SSBN Submarines to SSGN Submarines. The work was performed in Groton, CT, Quonset and Newport, RI, with completion expected by September, 2007. September 27 1917 - PCU O-3 (SS-64) launched at Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, MA. 1938 - PCU SEAWOLF (SS-197) keel laid as SEAWOLF at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, ME. 1943 - PCU SCABBARDFISH (SS-397) keel laid as SCABBARDFISH at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME. 1945 - USS R-6 (SS-83) second decommissioning at Key West, FL. USS R-20 (SS-97) second decommissioning at Portsmouth, NH. 1969 - PCU TREPANG (SSN-674) launched at the Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corporation, Groton, CT. 2002 - wearing the traditional lei on her sail, USS CITY OF CORPUS CHRISTI (SSN-705) arrived in Pearl Harbor, HI, for a port visit on her way to her new homeport in Guam. She is part of Submarine Squadron 15 (SUBRON15), reactivated in February 2001 in a ceremony held 31

on board USS Frank Cable (AS-40). After 20 years of dormancy, the squadron was reactivated to support the homeporting of up to three Los Angeles-class fast-attack submarines, of which CITY OF CORPUS CHRISTI was the first. 2004 - the International Submarine Escape and Rescue Liaison Office (ISMERLO) was officially activated at a ribbon-cutting ceremony at Naval Support Activity Norfolk, VA. Vice Adm. Kirkland H. Donald, commander, Naval Submarine Forces and Allied Submarine Command, and the ISMERLO team did the honors, cutting the ribbon and opening the door to a new approach to submarine rescue. ISMERLO is the international hub for information and coordination on submarine rescue. Any time a submarine runs into trouble, ISMERLO can quickly post the word on the Internet, find a system capable of rescuing the submarine, and coordinate a rescue effort in support of the country involved. ISMERLO will use it's Web site, www.ismerlo.org, as the primary medium for submarine rescue coordination. Part of the Web site's function is to provide a relatively easy format to provide information to decision makers, or people who just need to know where the rescue is and what's going on. 2005 - the Los Angeles-class fast-attack submarine USS SCRANTON (SSN-756) returned to Norfolk Naval Station, VA after a six-month deployment. SCRANTON deployed in March as part of the USS Kearsarge (LHD 3) Expeditionary Strike Group (ESG). The crew demonstrated the great flexibility of fast-attack submarines, participating in two major joint exercises - “Caya Green”, a bilateral U.S./Israel exercise and “Inspired Siren” with the Pakistani Navy. Commissioned in January 1991, SCRANTON is 360 feet long, displaces 6,900 tons, and can travel in excess of 25 knots. The submarine is named after the city of Scranton, PA, located in the Lackawanna River Valley. September 28 1916 - PCU L-2 (SS-41) commissioned USS L-2 at Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, MA; Lt. (j.g.) Augustine H. Gray commanding. PCU L-7 (SS-46) launched at Craig Shipbuilding Company, Long Beach, CA; sponsored by Mrs. William B. Forgarty. 1922 - USS L-8 (SS-48) arrived at , VA, for decommissioning. 1940 - PCU MACKEREL (SS-204) launched at the Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT; sponsored by Mrs. Wm. R. Furlong. 1943 - PCU ROBALO (SS-273) commissioned USS ROBALO (SS-273) at Manitowoc Shipbuilding Company, Manitowoc, WI; Comdr. Manning M. Kimmel commanding. USS CISCO (SS-290) and Commanding Officer "Red" Coe put out on her first war patrol 20 September but never returned. Japanese records tell of sighting a submarine leaking oil on 28 September in an area where CISCO is known to have been the only submarine then operating. Japanese records state this submarine was sunk by bombs and depth charges. CISCO’s area was a large rectangular one in the South China Sea between Luzon and the coast of French Indo-China. In order to reach it, she was to pass through the Arafoera Sea area, the , Manipa Strait, Molukka Passage, the , Sibutu Passage, the and Strait. On 28 September, CISCO should have been due west of Mindanao in the center of the Sulu Sea. On that day a Japanese antisubmarine attack was made slightly north and east of CICSO’s expected position. In reporting the attack the Japanese state “Found a sub tailing oil. Bombing. Ships cooperated with us. The oil continued to gush out even on tenth of October.” The attack would seem to have been made by planes in cooperation with ships. No submarine that 32

returned from patrol reported having been attacked at this time and position. Nothing had been seen of or heard from CISCO since her departure from Darwin, and on 4 and 5 November 1943, Headquarters Task Force Seventy-One was unable to make radio contact with her. At the time of her loss it was considered very unlikely that a recurrence of trouble with her main hydraulic system could explain her sinking, and the only other possible clue was the fact that a Japanese plane was reported over Darwin at twenty thousand feet on the morning of her second departure. The attack listed above is thought to probably explain this loss. No enemy minefields are known to have been in her area, or en route to it. Seventy-six men perished with her that day. She was the nineteenth U.S. submarine loss of World War II. 1982 - USS SAM HOUSTON (SSN-609) spilled less than 50 gallons of low-level radioactive water during a test while she was in the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA, undergoing routine maintenance, according to the Navy. The spill was stopped, the water was contained within the ship, and no radioactivity was released to the environment. The submarine's reactor was not operating. Two individuals were in the area during the spill and one of these individuals received low-level radioactive contamination. 1988 - USS BONEFISH (SS-582) decommissioned as a result of an on board fire. 1991 - PCU ASHEVILLE (SSN-758) commissioned USS ASHEVILLE (SSN-758) at Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company, Newport News, VA. 2000 - USS HELENA (SSN-725) was in port at for Exercise Pacific Reach 2000. The Republic of Singapore Navy, the Japanese Maritime Self Defense Force, the Republic of Korea Navy and the U.S. Navy were participating in this first-ever cooperative regional submarine rescue exercise. Pacific Reach was conducted in the South China Sea about 200 nautical miles northeast of Singapore. members of the U. S. Navy's Deep Submergence Unit Diving Systems Detachment and the Submarine Rescue Chamber (SRC) were aboard the MV Kendrick in preparation for "Exercise Pacific Reach". 2005 - the Los Angeles-class attack submarine USS SANTA FE (SS-763) pulled in to Goa, India marking the half-way point of Exercise Malabar 2005. Malabar is a joint Indian-American exercise designed to bolster relations between our two countries and enable the two countries to work together against a common threat. This year’s exercise was the largest to date including two U.S. Destroyers, USS Nimitz and the submarine SANTA FE. The contributed a carrier, a submarine, a frigate and their New Delhi-class Destroyer. September 29 1917 - PCU O-12 (SS-73) launched at Lake Torpedo Boat Company, Bridgeport, CT; sponsored by Mrs. Homer S. Cummings. 1943 - USS POMPANO (SS-181) left Midway on 20 August 1943 to start her seventh war patrol and was never heard from again. Her orders were to patrol off the east coast of Honshu from about 29 August to sunset of 27 September 1943, and then to return to Pearl Harbor for refit, stopping at Midway en route for fuel. When no transmission was received from her, especially just prior to her expected arrival at Midway on 5 October, word was sent from Pearl Harbor to keep a sharp lookout for her. By 15 October, all hope was abandoned, and POMPANO was reported as presumed lost in enemy waters. Japanese information available now shows no attack which could conceivably have been 33

directed towards POMPANO. On 6 September POMPANO was informed by dispatch that the area to the north of her own was open. Since that area was considered more productive for sinkings than the one she was in, it is quite possible that she moved into it. Both the area between Honshu and Hokkaido, and the one east of northern Honshu are known to have been heavily mined by the enemy, with the greatest of mines in the northern area. In view of the evidence given, it is considered probable that POMPANO met her end by an unreported attack. Seventy-seven men perished with her that day. She was the seventeenth U.S. submarine loss of World War II. POMPANO received seven battle stars for service in World War II. PCU JALLAO (SS-368) keel laid as JALLAO at Manitowoc Shipbuilding Company, Manitowoc, WI. 1977 - USS PINTADO (SSN-672) damaged rudder avoiding a R.O.K. ship while off Korea during exercises. USS ARCHERFISH (SSN-678) and USS PHILADELPHIA (SSN-690) collided stern to stern at slow speed at the Groton submarine base, CT, minor damage was reported. 1978 - USS SAILFISH (SS-572) decommissioned at Submarine Support Facility, San Diego, CA. 1988 - Ex-GROWLER (SSG-577) donated as a Museum and Memorial to Intrepid Sea Air Space Museum, Intrepid Square, New York, NY. 1989 - USS BATON ROUGE (SSN-689) in collision with Russian Serria Class submarine. the newly-commissioned USS PENNSYLVANIA (SSBN-735) ran aground as she entered the channel during her first visit to Port Canaveral, FL. Tugboats freed the submarine in about two hours and a Navy spokesperson said, "As far as we know, it's fine." Port Canaveral is a public dock facility adjacent to the Navy complex where submarines are loaded with missiles for test firings off Cape Canaveral. 1997 - Ex-WHALE (SSN-638) disposition complete by Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program (NPSSRP) at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA. Ex-BERGALL (SSN-667) disposition complete by Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program (NPSSRP) at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA. September 30 1918 - PCU H-5 (SS-148) commissioned USS H-5 at Puget Sound Navy Yard, Bremerton, WA. 1936 - USS S-11 (SS-116) decommissioned at Philadelphia, PA. USS S-12 (SS-117) decommissioned at Philadelphia Navy Yard, Philadelphia, PA; laid up in the Atlantic Reserve Fleet. USS S-13 (SS-118) decommissioned at Philadelphia, PA; laid up in the Atlantic Reserve Fleet 1942 - PCU FLASHER (SS-249) keel laid as FLASHER at the Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT. 1946 - USS DEVILFISH (SS-292) decommissioned at San Francisco, CA; laid up in the Pacific Reserve Fleet. USS ICEFISH (SS-367) decommissioned at Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, CA; laid up in the Pacific Reserve Fleet. 1954 - PCU NAUTILUS (SSN-571), the world's first nuclear powered ship, was commissioned USS NAUTILUS (SSN-571) at the Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corporation, Groton, CT. 1958 - USS RAY (SS-271) second decommissioning at Charleston Naval Shipyard, Charleston, SC. Ex-ULUA (SS-428) was sold for scrapping to the Portsmouth Salvage Company, Inc., Portsmouth, VA for $45,690. 34

1964 - PCU VON STEUBEN (SSBN-632) commissioned USS VON STEUBEN (SSBN 632) at Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company, Newport News, VA. 1968 - USS STERLET (SS-392) second decommissioning. 1978 - Ex-SAILFISH (SS-572) stricken, to be disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise (usually a target). 1986 - DSV-5 (ex-NEMO) disposed of by transfer to other Government Agencies, States. Schools, Sea Scouts, etc. 1991 - Ex-ROBERT E. LEE (SSBN/SSN-601) disposition complete by Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program (NPSSRP) at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA. 1994 - Ex-GREENLING (SSN-614) disposition complete by Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program (NPSSRP) at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA. 1996 - Ex-SEAHORSE (SSN-669) disposition complete by Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program (NPSSRP) at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA. 1997 - Ex-SEAWOLF (SSN-575) disposition complete by Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program (NPSSRP) at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA. Ex-HENRY CLAY (SSBN-625) disposition complete by Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program (NPSSRP) at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA. Ex-BATON ROUGE (SSN-689) disposition complete by Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program (NPSSRP) at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA. 1998 - Ex-GEORGE WASHINGTON (SSBN/SSN-598) disposition complete by Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program (NPSSRP) at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA. PCU TEXAS (SSN-775) awarded to Northrup Grumman Newport News, VA and under construction in the U.S. by the Navy; unassigned to fleet. PCU HAWAII (SSN-776) awarded to the Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corporation, Groton, CT. and under construction in the U.S. by the Navy; unassigned to fleet. PCU NORTH CAROLINA (SSN-777) awarded to Northrup Grumman Newport News, VA and under construction in the U.S. by the Navy; unassigned to fleet.

Source: http://www.esryle.com/coblinks/tdish/index.htm

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Admiral

Admiral comes from the Arabic term amir-al-bahr meaning commander of the seas. Crusaders learned the term during their encounters with the Arabs, perhaps as early as the Eleventh Century. The Sicilians and later Genoese took the first two parts of the term and used them as one word, amiral. The French and Spanish gave their sea commanders similar titles. As the word was used by people speaking Latin or Latin-based languages it gained the "d" and endured a series of different endings and spellings leading to the English spelling "admyrall" in the Fourteenth Century and to "admiral" by the Sixteenth Century.

King Edward I appointed the first English Admiral in 1297 when he named William de Leyburn "Admiral of the sea of the King of ." Sometime later the title became Lord High Admiral and appeared to be concerned with administering naval affairs -rather than commanding at sea. Admirals did become sea commanders by the Sixteenth or Seventeenth Century. When he commanded the fleet the Admiral would either be in the lead or the middle portion of the fleet. When the Admiral commanded from the middle portion of the fleet his deputy, the , would be in the leading portion or van. The "vice" in Vice Admiral is a Latin word meaning deputy or one who acts in the place of another. The Vice Admiral is the Admiral's deputy or lieutenant and serves in the Admiral's place when he is absent. The British Vice Admiral also had a deputy. His post was at the rear of the fleet so instead of calling him the "Vice-Vice Admiral" his title became Rear Admiral. He was the "least important" of the flag officers so he commanded the reserves and the rear portion of the fleet. Sometimes he was called "Admiral in the rear." The British have had Vice and Rear Admirals since at least the Sixteenth Century.

Our Navy did not have any Admirals until 1862 because many people felt the title too reminiscent of royalty to be used in the republic's navy. Others saw the need for ranks above Captain. Among them John Paul Jones who pointed out that the Navy had to have officers who "ranked" with Army Generals. He also felt there must be ranks above Captain to avoid disputes among senior Captains. The various secretaries of the Navy repeatedly recommended to Congress that Admiral ranks be created because the other navies of the world used them and American senior officers were "often subjected to serious difficulties and embarrassments in the interchange of civilities with those of other nations." Congress finally authorized nine Rear Admirals on July 16, 1862, although that was probably more for the needs of the rapidly expanding Navy during the Civil War than any international considerations. Two years later Congress authorized the appointment of a Vice Admiral from among the nine Rear Admirals. That was David Glasgow Farragut. Another bill allowed the President to appoint Farragut 36

Admiral on July 25, 1866, and David Dixon Porter Vice Admiral. When Farragut died in 1870 Porter became Admiral and Stephen C. Rowan Vice Admiral. When they died Congress did not allow the promotion of any of the Rear Admirals to succeed them so there were no more Admirals or Vice Admirals by promotion until 1915 when Congress authorized an Admiral and a Vice Admiral each for the Atlantic, Pacific and Asiatic fleets.

There was one Admiral in the interim, however. In 1899 Congress recognized George Dewey's accomplishments during the Spanish-American War by authorizing the President to appoint him Admiral of the Navy. He held that rank until he died in 1917. Nobody has since held that title. In 1944 Congress approved the five-star Fleet Admiral rank. The first to hold it were Ernest J. King, William D. Leahy and Chester W. Nimitz. The Senate confirmed their appointments December 15, 1944. The fourth Fleet Admiral, William H. Halsey, got his fifth star in December 1945. None have been appointed since.

The sleeve stripes now used by Admirals and Vice Admirals date from March 11, 1869, when the Secretary of the Navy's General Order Number 90 specified that for their "undress" uniforms Admirals would wear a two-inch stripe with three half-inch stripes above it and Vice Admirals the two-inch stripe with two half-inch stripes above it. The Rear Admiral got his two- inch stripe and one half-inch stripe in 1866. The sleeve stripes had been more elaborate. When the Rear Admiral rank started in 1862 the sleeve arrangement was three stripes of three- quarter-inch lace alternating with three stripes of quarter-inch lace. It was some ten inches from top to bottom. The Vice Admiral, of course, had even more stripes and when Farragut became Admiral in 1866 he had so many stripes they reached from his cuffs almost to his elbow. On their dress uniforms the admirals wore bands of gold embroidery of live oak leaves and acorns.

The admirals of the 1860s wore the same number of stars on their shoulders as admirals of corresponding grades do today. In 1899 the Navy's one Admiral (Dewey) and 18 Rear Admirals put on the new shoulder marks, as did the other officers when wearing their white uniforms, but kept their stars instead of repeating the sleeve cuff stripes.

Source: http://www.history.navy.mil/trivia/trivia04.htm

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38

39

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October 2011 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 USS Seawolf USS S-44 (SS-156) (SS-197) in 1944 in 1943

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 USS Holland Commissioned in 1900 USS Wahoo USS Dorado (SS-248) in 1943 (SS-248) in 1943

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Eddie McVicker USS Escolar Base Meeting at O’Charley’s: Jeffro Wagner (SS-294) in 1944 1800 Social 1900 Dinner

23 24 25 26 27 28 29

USS Shark II USS Tang (SS-306) Navy Day USS O-5 (SS-66) in (SS-314) in 1944 in 1944 1923 USS Darter (SS-227) in 1944 30 31

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USS Seawolf (SS-197)

Lost on October 3, 1944 with the loss of 102 officers and men when she Lost on: was sunk just north of Moritai by USS Rowell, a (DE). In 10/3/1944 this tragic error, Rowell mistook Seawolf for a Japanese submarine that had just sunk another Destroyer. Seawolf ranks 7th for enemy ships sunk.

Navy Photo / NavSource.com

NavSource.org

Class: SS 196 Commissioned: 12/1/1939 Launched: 8/15/1939 Builder: Portsmouth Navy Yard Length: 307 , Beam: 27 #Officers: 5, #Enlisted: 54 Fate: Seawolf was announced overdue from patrol and presumed lost with all hands (82 crew and 17 U.S. Army) when it was mistaken for

NavSource.org a Japanese submarine and sunk by friendly destroyers just North of Morotai, Republic of the Philippines.

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USS S-44 (SS-155)

Lost on October 7, 1943 with the loss of 56 men when it was sunk off Lost on: Paramushiru, Kuriles. S-44 was on her 5th war patrol after attacking a target thought to be a merchant on the surface, S-44 found herself in a losing gun 10/7/1943 battle with a heavily armed Japanese destroyer. Two men were taken prisoner and survived the war.

US Navy Official Photo

NavSource.org

Class: SS S Commissioned: 2/16/1925 Launched: 10/27/1923 Builder: Fore River Shipbuilding Co Length: 225 , Beam: 20 #Officers: 4, #Enlisted: 39 Fate: S-44 was sunk by a Japanese destroyer in the Northern 7 Oct. 1943. 54 men lost. Two men picked up

NavSource.org by Japanese destroyer, repatriated at end of war.

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USS Wahoo (SS-238)

Lost on October 11, 1943 with the loss of 79 men near La Perouse Strait. Lost on: Under command of one of the great sub skippers of World War II, LCDR "Mush" Morton, Wahoo was on her 7th war patrol. Wahoo had won a 10/11/1943 Presidential Unit Citation and ranks 5th in the number of enemy ships sunk. She was lost to depth charges dropped by a Japanese patrol aircraft.

US Navy Official Photo

NavSource.org

Class: SS 212 Commissioned: 5/15/1942 Launched: 2/14/1942 Builder: Mare Island Navy Yard Length: 307 , Beam: 27 #Officers: 6, #Enlisted: 54 Fate: Sunk near the La Perouse Strait near Northern Japan, 11 Oct 1943 80 men lost

NavSource.org

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USS Dorado (SS-248)

Lost on October 12, 1943 with the loss of 78 when she was sunk in the Lost on: western Atlantic near . Newly commissioned, she had departed New London and was enroute to . She may have been sunk by a U.S. 10/12/1943 patrol plane that received faulty instructions regarding bombing restriction areas or a German U-boat that was in the vicinity.

NavSource Navy Photo / NavSource.com

Class: SS 212 Commissioned: 8/28/1943 Launched: 5/23/1943 Builder: Electric Boat Co (General Dynamics) Length: 307 , Beam: 27 #Officers: 6, #Enlisted: 54 Fate: Lost off Atlantic Coast 12 Oct 1943 to unknown cause.76 men lost.

NavSource.org

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USS Escolar (SS-294)

Lost on: Lost on October 17, 1944 with the loss of 82 men. She was on her 1st war 10/17/1944 patrol and was most likely lost to a mine somewhere in the Yellow Sea.

US Navy Official Photo

BC Patch

Class: SS 285 Commissioned: 6/2/1944 Launched: 4/18/1943 Builder: Cramp Shipbuilding Co. Length: 312 , Beam: 27 #Officers: 10 , #Enlisted: 71 Fate: Escolar's last communication was with Perth on 17 October- she was never heard from again. It is assumed that she struck a mine and sank with all hands. 82 NavSource.org men lost.

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USS Shark II (SS-314)

Lost on October 24, 1944 with the loss of 90 when she was sunk near Lost on: . The second boat to carry this name during World War II, she was on her 3rd war patrol. Shark was sunk by escorts after attacking and sinking 10/24/1944 a lone freighter. Compounding the tragedy, it turned out that the freighter had 1800 U.S. POW's on board.

NavSource.org US Navy Official Photo

Class: SS 285 Commissioned: 2/14/1944 Launched: 10/17/1943 Builder: Electric Boat Co (General Dynamics) Length: 312 , Beam: 27

NavSource.org #Officers: 10 , #Enlisted: 71 Fate: Shark was reported as presumed lost with 90 men.

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USS Darter (SS-227)

Lost on October 24, 1944 when she became grounded on Bombay Shoal off and was then destroyed to prevent her falling into enemy hands Lost on: intact. The entire crew was rescued by USS Dace. Winner of one Navy Unit 10/24/1944 Commendation, Darter had sunk a heavy cruiser and damaged another and went aground while attempting an "end around" on an enemy formation in hopes of getting in an attack on a battleship.

US Navy Official Photo

Class: SS 212 Commissioned: 9/7/1943 Launched: 6/6/1943 Builder: Electric Boat Co (General Dynamics) Length: 312 , Beam: 27 #Officers: 6, #Enlisted: 54 Fate: Grounded 24 Oct.1944. 31 Oct. 1944 was destroyed by deck gun of USS Nautilus

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USS Tang (SS-306)

Lost on October 25, 1944 with the loss of 80 men in the Formosa Strait. Tang was on her 5th war patrol. Tang ranks 2nd in the number of ships sunk and 4th in tonnage, and had won two Presidential Unit Citations. During a Lost on: daring night surface attack, Tang was lost to a circular run by one of her 10/25/1945 own torpedoes. Nine of the crew were taken prisoner, including CDR. O'Kane and five who had gained the surface from her final resting place 180 feet below. All survived the war, and CDR O'Kane was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor.

Official Navy Photo / NavSource.com

NavSource/Patchmart.com

Class: SS 285 Commissioned: 10/15/1943 Launched: 8/17/1943 Builder: Mare Island Navy Yard Length: 312 , Beam: 27 #Officers: 10 , #Enlisted: 71 Fate: Tang's last torpedo broached and curved to the left in a circular run. Tang fishtailed to clear the turning circle of the torpedo, but it struck her abreast the after

NavSource.org torpedo room approximately 20 seconds after it was fired. Tang sank by the stern.

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USS O-5 (SS-66)

Lost on: Lost on October 29, 1923 with the loss of 3 men when rammed and sunk by 10/29/1923 SS Ababgarez off the .

www.pigboats.com US Navy Official Photo

Class: SS O Commissioned: 6/8/1918 Launched: 11/11/1917 Builder: Fore River Shipbuilding Co Length: 172 , Beam: 18 #Officers: 2, #Enlisted: 27 Fate: O-5 was sold for scrap.

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51

September 11, 2001

In Honor of the Victims

and the Heroes

World Trade Center, New York City Images

For the 2,973 people who perished September 11, 2001 after hijacked planes crashed in New York City in Arlington, Virginia and in Pennsylvania. The victims were mothers, fathers, sisters and brothers of many faiths and races who came from more than 80 nations. All who were killed died working and living the American dream.

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About the Attacks

Editorial Cartoon by Mike Lane

At the World Trade Center

An earlier terrorist bombing of the towers killed six people on 26 Feb 1993, but left the twin towers standing.

The great majority of the over 40,000 people working at the World Trade Center complex at the time of the attack were evacuated safely, including 18 who escaped from above the impact zone in the second tower.

By 20 Sep 2001, 6,291 people, including rescue and recovery workers, had been treated for injuries; only five persons were found alive in the rubble (David Lim, Will Jimeno and John MacLaughlin of the Port Authority Police, Armando Reno of the FDNY, and Port Authority Clerk Genelle Guzman). By 7 Sept. 2002, there were 2,792 confirmed fatalities and 1,058 bodies identified. This total includes the 127 people on the two aircraft (not including the 10 hijackers). The dead included 343 fire fighters of the FDNY including Chaplain Father Mike Judge; and FDNY Chief Peter Ganci; 23 officers of the NYPD; 11 Emergency Service medics (EMS); 1 FBI Agent and 1 Agent of the U.S. Secret Service; 37 Port Authority of New York and New Jersey police officers including Port Authority Superintendent of Police and Director of Public Safety Fred Morrone and Port Authority canine officer "Sirius." Bill Biggart, a photojournalist, also perished in the collapse of the towers. He was the only journalist killed.

American Airlines flight 11 a Boeing 767 on a morning Boston to Los Angeles flight (north

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tower of World Trade Center). The plane was hijacked soon after take-off at 8:02 EDT, and was crashed into the north side of the northern tower of the World Trade Center at 8:46 AM EDT, approximately between floors 96 and 103. 92 people: 81 passengers (including 5 hijackers, 9 flight attendants, 2 pilots, and also including David Angell, creator and executive producer of the television. show "Frasier" were killed.

United Airlines flight 175 a Boeing 767 on a morning Boston to Los Angeles route. On September 11, 2001, the plane was hijacked and on or about 9:03 AM EDT crashed into the south side of the southern tower of the World Trade Center, approximately between floors 87 and 93, exploding on impact. The plane was carrying 56 passengers and 9 crew members. There were no survivors.

At the Pentagon

The Pentagon reported 125 staffers killed or missing, including the highest ranking officer to die, Lt. General Timothy Maude and Max Bielke, who the last official U.S. combat soldier to leave Vietnam. With 118 remains recovered and identified, as of Sep 2002. One person died later as a result of wounds sustained.

American Airlines Flight 77 64 passengers and Crew died. Among the victims was Barbara K. Olson, a conservative author, lawyer and wife of U.S. Solicitor General, Theodore Olson, as well as two Washington, D.C. "National Geographic Magazine" staff members, three teachers and three children who were traveling to California on a National Geographic Society sponsored trip.

In Pennsylvania

United Airlines flight 93 was a Boeing 757 on a morning Newark-to-San Francisco route. On 11 Sep 2001 the plane was hijacked by a four man hijacking team. Evidence suggests that the hijacking was apparently thwarted by the efforts of the plane's passengers and flight attendants. The plane crashed southeast of Pittsburgh in Somerset County, Pennsylvania. The plan was carrying 37 passengers and 7 crew members. There were no survivors. Todd Beamer, a passenger, tried to place a credit card call but was routed to a customer service representative instead, who passed him on to supervisor Lisa Jefferson. She called the FBI. Beamer reported that one passenger was dead. He asked if together they could pray the Lord's prayer, which they did. Later, he told the operator that some of the plane's passengers were planning "to jump" the hijackers. The last words Ms. Jefferson heard from the plane were "Are you ready guys? Let's roll." The plane crashed into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania at 10:03 AM, killing all aboard. It is believed that this aircraft was intended to be crashed into the United States Capitol building in Washington, DC, Congress was in session at the time.

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U.S. News Media Reaction

Washington Times, DC 9/11/01 New York Daily News 9/14/01 The New London Day, CT 9/12/01

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September 11, 2001 Attack Timeline Tuesday, September 11, 2001 (ironically, it was the United Nations "International Day of Peace")

All times, except where otherwise noted, in Eastern Daylight Time (EDT). This is four hours (instead of five) behind GMT because of Daylight saving time.

6:02 AM : Mohammed Atta flies Colgan Air from Portland International Jetport, Portland, Maine to Logan International Airport, Boston, Massachusetts, along with Abdulaziz al-Omari.

6:45 AM : Atta and Omari arrive at Boston's Logan Airport.

7:59 AM : American Airlines Flight 11, a Boeing 767, departs late from Logan International Airport bound for Los Angeles, California. Five hijackers are aboard.

8:13 AM : The last radio communication is made from Flight 11. A recording of what is believed to be Atta's voice says, "Nobody move. Everything will be OK. If you try to make any moves, you'll endanger yourself and the airplane. Just stay quiet." The flight path begins to stray away from the scheduled one and moves southwards.

8:14 AM : United Airlines Flight 175, another fully-fueled Boeing 767, carrying 56 passengers and nine crew members, departs from Boston Logan airport, also bound for Los Angeles. Five hijackers are aboard.

8:19 AM : Betty Ong, a flight attendant on Flight 11 [1] alerts American Airlines of a hijacking in progress via an airphone.

8:20 AM : The Federal Aviation Administration's Boston Center flight controllers decide that Flight 11 has probably been hijacked. American Airlines Flight 77, a Boeing 757 with 58 passengers and six crew, departs from Washington Dulles International Airport in Fairfax and Loudoun Counties, Virginia, for Los Angeles. Five hijackers are aboard.

8:21 AM: Flight 11's transponder signal is turned off but the plane remains on radar screens. (Prior to the 9/11 Commission's report, news organizations reported this time as 8:13 or immediately thereafter.)

8:24 AM : Flight 11 makes a 100-degree turn to the south heading toward New York City. A radio transmission comes from Flight 11: "We have some planes. Just stay quiet, and you'll be okay. We are returning to the airport."

8:25 AM: Boston Center flight controllers alert other flight control centers regarding Flight 11; however, NORAD is not yet alerted.

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8:37 AM : Flight 175 confirms sighting of hijacked Flight 11 to flight controllers, 10 miles (16 km) to its south.

8:37:52 AM : Boston Center control notifies NEADS (Northeast Air Defense Sector), the northeast sector of NORAD, of the hijacking of Flight 11, the first notification received by the military, at any level, that American 11 had been hijacked. The controller requests military help to intercept the aircraft.

WTC Graphic source: Chicago Tribune

8:43 AM : FAA notified NORAD that United Airlines Flight 175 from Boston to Los Angles had also been hijacked. Two F-15 jet fighters took off from Otis Air National Guard Base in Falmouth, Massachusetts.

8:46:26 AM : American Airlines flight 11 (a Boeing 767) crashes with a speed of less than 490 miles per hour into the north side of the northern tower of the World Trade Center, approximately between floors 94 and 98. The aircraft enters the tower mostly intact. It plows to the building core, severing all three gypsum-encased stairwells, dragging combustibles with it. A massive shock wave travels down to the ground and up again. The combustibles and the remnants of the aircraft are ignited by the burning fuel. Since the building lacks a traditional full cage frame and depends almost entirely on the strength of a narrow structural core running up the

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center, the fire at the center of the impact zone is in a position to compromise the integrity of all internal columns. People below the severed stairwells in the North Tower start to evacuate; no- one above the impact zone is able to do so.

photo by © Mark Phillips

8:46 to 10:29 AM : At least 100 people (some accounts say as many as 250), primarily in the North Tower, trapped by fire and smoke in the upper floors, jump to their deaths. There is some evidence that large central portions of the floor near the impact zone in the North Tower collapsed soon after the plane hit. One person at street level, firefighter Daniel Thomas Suhr, is hit by a jumper and dies. No form of airborne evacuation is attempted as smoke is too dense for a successful landing on the roof of either tower.

8:49:34 AM : The first news and radio organizations report an explosion or incident at the World Trade Center. CNN breaks into a commercial at 8:49. CNN headlines first read "World Trade Center disaster." Carol Lin, who was the first anchor to break the news of the attacks, said: "Yeah. This just in. You're looking at obviously a very disturbing live shot there. That is the World Trade Center, and we have unconfirmed reports this morning that a plane has crashed into one of the towers of the World Trade Center. CNN Center right now is just beginning to work on this story, obviously calling our sources and trying to figure out exactly what happened, but clearly something relatively devastating happening this morning there on the south end of the island of Manhattan. That is once again, a picture of one of the towers of the World Trade Center." Later, Sean Murtagh, CNN vice-president of finance, in an on-air phone call, said from his office in the CNN New York bureau that a large passenger commercial jet hit the World Trade Center. Murtagh was the first network employee on the air. The first email bulletins of

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breaking news from CNN and MSNBC report "fire at tower of World Trade Center". Both CNN and MSNBC's websites receive such heavy traffic, that many servers collapse. BBC News' website is active and shows a picture of the North Tower on fire. Minutes later, email news bulletins revise the reports of fire to a plane crash.

8:51 AM : A flight controller at the FAA's New York Center notices that Flight 175 had changed its transponder code twice four minutes earlier; he tries to contact the flight.

8:51 to 8:54 AM (approx.): Hijacking begins on Flight 77.

8:53 AM : The F-15s at Otis Air Force Base are airborne. Still lacking an intercept vector to Flight 11 (and not aware that it has already been crashed), they are sent to military controlled airspace off Long Island and ordered to remain in a holding pattern until between 9:09 and 9:13.

8:54 AM : Flight 77 deviates from its assigned course to Los Angeles, turning south over Ohio. Two minutes later, its transponder is turned off.

8:55 AM (approx.): Announcements are made by officials in the still-undamaged South Tower of the World Trade Center that the building is "secure", and that people may return to their offices, over the building-wide PA system. Some do not hear it; others ignore it and evacuate anyway; others congregate in common areas like the 78th floor sky lobby.

8:55 AM : President George W. Bush is at Emma E. Booker Elementary School in Sarasota, Florida, as part of a scheduled visit to promote education and the Bush administration education policies when Presidential Advisor Karl Rove tells him that a small, twin-engine plane had crashed into the World Trade Center. The president speaks to National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice at the White House; she reports that it was a commercial aircraft.

9:03:13 AM : United Airlines flight 175 (another Boeing 767) crashes with a speed of about 590 miles per hour into the south side of the South Tower, banked between floors 78 and 84. By this time, several media organizations are covering the first plane crash; millions see the impact live. Parts of the plane leave the building at its east and north sides, falling to the ground six blocks away. Some mistakenly believe that a second explosion has occurred in the North Tower due to the North Tower's obstruction of the South Tower from certain camera angles. They were unaware that a second plane had struck the South Tower. A massive evacuation begins in the South Tower below its impact zone. One of the stairwells in the South Tower remains unblocked from the top to the bottom of the tower, but filled with smoke. This led many people to mistakenly go upwards towards the roof for a rooftop rescue that never came. CNN's headline now reads "Second plane crashes into World Trade Center."

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9:06 AM: After brief introductions to the Booker elementary students, President Bush is about to begin reading with the students when Chief of Staff Andrew Card interrupts to whisper to the president, "A second plane hit the other tower, and America's under attack." The president stated later that he decided to continue the lesson rather than alarm the students.

9:08 AM : The FAA bans all takeoffs nationwide for flights going to or through New York Center airspace. ABC reports later that the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, the agency that runs the New York-area airports, asked the FAA for permission to close down the New York Center airspace.

9:15 AM (approximately): President Bush leaves the classroom in which he has been reading with students, and enters another, commandeered by the Secret Service. It contains a telephone, a television showing the news coverage, and several senior staff members. The president speaks to Vice President Dick Cheney, Dr. Rice, New York Governor George Pataki, and FBI Director Robert Mueller, and prepares brief remarks[2].

9:18 AM : CNN makes reference to foul play for the first time, stating the FBI was investigating a report of plane hijacking. CNN headline: "AP: Plane was hijacked before crashed".

9:23 AM : Flight 93 receives warning message text from United Airlines flight dispatcher: "Beware any cockpit intrusion- Two a/c [aircraft] hit World Trade Center."

9:29 AM : President Bush makes his first public statements about the attacks, in front of an audience of about 200 teachers and students at the elementary school. He states that he will be going back to Washington, that "we've had a national tragedy", and leads a moment of silence.

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After the speech, he is bound for Sarasota-Bradenton International Airport and Air Force One.

9:33 to 9:34 AM : Tower supervisor at Reagan National Airport tells Secret Service operations center at the White House that "an aircraft [is] coming at you and not talking with us," referring to Flight 77. The White House is about to be evacuated when the tower reports that Flight 77 has turned and is approaching Reagan International Airport.

9:37 AM : Based on a report that Flight 77 had turned again and was circling back, Vice President Cheney is evacuated from the White House to an underground tunnel leading to a security bunker.

9:37:46 AM : American Airlines flight 77 (Boeing 757) crashes into the western side of the Pentagon and starts a violent fire. The section of the Pentagon hit consists mainly of newly renovated, unoccupied offices. Barbara K. Olson had called her husband, Solicitor General Theodore Olson at the Justice Department at 9:25 from the plane to tell him about the hijacking and to report that the passengers and pilots were held in the back of the plane. 125 people are killed.

9:41 AM: CNN's Breaking News bulletin reads "Reports of fire at Pentagon", its first reference to the incident at the Pentagon.

9:45 AM : United States airspace is shut down. No civilian aircraft are allowed to take off, and all aircraft in flight are ordered to land at the nearest airport as soon as practical. All international flights headed for the U.S. are redirected to Canada. Transport Canada, the Canadian transportation agency, follows the American lead and closes down their airspace. The FAA announces that civilian flights are suspended until at least noon September 12, while Transport Canada gives similar orders, but until further notice, to take in diverted U.S.-bound international flights, launching the agency's "Operation Yellow Ribbon." The groundings last until September 14. Military and medical flights continue. This is the fourth time all commercial flights in the

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U.S. have been stopped, and the first time a suspension was unplanned. All previous suspensions were military-related (Sky Shield I-III), from 1960 to 1962. Many newspapers (including The New York Times) mistakenly print that this is the first time flights have been suspended. This was also the first time commercial flights in Canada have been stopped.

9:48 AM : The U.S. Capitol and West Wing of the White House are evacuated.

9:57 AM : President Bush leaves Sarasota, Florida, on Air Force One. The plane reaches cruising altitude and circles for approximately 40 minutes while the destination of the plane is discussed.

9:59:04 AM : The South Tower of the World Trade Center collapses, 55 minutes 51 seconds after the impact of Flight 175. Its destruction is viewed and heard by a vast television and radio audience. As the roar of the collapse goes silent, tremendous gray-white clouds of pulverized concrete and gypsum rush through the streets. Most observers think a new explosion or impact has produced smoke and debris that now obscures the South Tower. When the wind finally clears the immediate space, it is plain to see that the tower is gone.

10:03 AM : United Airlines flight 93 (Boeing 757) crashes southeast of Pittsburgh in Somerset county, Pennsylvania. Some accounts say that the time was 10:06 or 10:10 AM. The first reports from the police indicate that no one on board survived. A passenger reached officials on his cell phone from the plane's rest room, repeatedly claiming that the plane was hijacked and that the call was not a hoax. Later reports indicate that passengers speaking on cell phones had learned about the World Trade Center and Pentagon crashes and at least three were planning on resisting the hijackers. One passenger told his wife that one person had already been stabbed to death by the hijackers. It is likely that the resistance led to the plane crashing before it reached its intended target. A black box recording , retrieved and later played to relatives of the victims, supports this scenario, and it further suggests that the passengers succeeded in entering the cockpit.

10:10 AM : Part of the Pentagon collapses.

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10:11 AM : Cheyenne Mountain, Colorado, home to the North American Air Defense Command (NORAD) is sealed against attack for the first time.

10:13 AM : Thousands are evacuated from the United Nations headquarters.

10:10 to 10:15 AM (approximately): Vice President Cheney, unaware that Flight 93 has crashed, authorizes fighter aircraft to engage the inbound plane, reported to be 80 miles (129 km) from Washington, based not on radar (from which it has disappeared) but speed and trajectory projections.

10:28 AM : the northern tower of the World Trade Center collapses from the top down, after burning approximately 103 minutes in a fire caused by the impact of American Airlines flight 11. The fact that the northern tower withstood much longer than the southern one is later attributed to three facts: the region of impact was higher, the speed of the airplane was lower, and the affected floors had their fire proofing upgraded. The evacuated Saint Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church is destroyed by falling debris. The collapse is registered as a 2.3 magnitude quake on seismographs.

10:35 AM (approximately), police are reportedly alerted about a bomb in a car outside the State Department in Washington, D.C.. Later reports claim that nothing happened at the State Department.

10:39 AM : another hijacked jumbo jet is claimed to be headed for Washington, D.C. F15s are scrambled and patrol the airspace above Washington, D.C. while other fighter jets sweep the airspace above New York City. According to (unconfirmed) rumors they have orders to shoot down any potentially dangerous planes that do not comply with orders given to them via radio.

10:45 AM : CNN reports that a mass evacuation of Washington and New York has been started. The UN headquarters are already empty. A few minutes later, New York mayor Rudy Giuliani orders an evacuation of lower Manhattan.

10:50 AM : five stories of the Pentagon collapse due to the fire.

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10:53 AM : New York's primary elections are canceled.

11:16 AM : American Airlines confirms the loss of its two airplanes.

11:17 AM : United Airlines confirms the loss of Flight 93 and states that it is "deeply concerned" about Flight 175.

11:53 AM : United Airlines confirms the loss of its two airplanes.

11:55 AM : the border between the U.S. and Mexico is on highest alert, but has not been closed.

12:00 PM (approximately): President Bush arrives at Barksdale Air Force Base in Louisiana. He was on a trip in Sarasota, Florida to speak about education, but is supposedly now returning to the Capital. He made a brief and informal initial statement to the effect that terrorism on U.S. soil will not be tolerated, stating that "freedom itself has been attacked and freedom will be protected."

12:01 PM (approx.): Fourteen people, including twelve firefighters, who were in a section of a stairwell in the North Tower that held together during the collapse, climb the stairs to the top of the Ground Zero rubble field.

12:02 PM : the Taliban government of Afghanistan denounces the attacks.

12:04 PM : Los Angeles International Airport, the intended destination of American Airlines flight 11 and flight 77, as well as United Airlines flight 175, is shut down.

12:15 PM : San Francisco International Airport, the intended destination of United Airlines flight 93, is shut down.

1:00 PM : approx. At the Pentagon, fire crews are still fighting fires. The early response to the attack had been coordinated from the National Military Command Center, but that had to be evacuated when it began to fill with smoke.

1:04 PM : President Bush puts the U.S. military on high alert worldwide. He speaks from Barksdale Air Force Base and leaves for SAC bunker in Nebraska.

1:27 PM Mayor Anthony A. Williams of Washington, D.C., declares a state of emergency; the National Guard arrives on site.

2:39 PM : At a press conference New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani is asked to estimate the number of casualties at the World Trade Center. He replies, "More than any of us can bear."

2:50 PM : President Bush arrives at Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska to convene a National Security Council teleconference via the US Statcom bunker.

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3:00 PM (approx.): Pasquale Buzzelli, who lost consciousness in a North Tower stairway during the collapse, awakens to find himself lying atop the debris with only a fractured foot.

4:25 PM : The New York Stock Exchange, NASDAQ, and the American Stock Exchange report that they will remain closed Wednesday September 12.

4:36 PM : President Bush departs Offutt Air Force Base on Air Force One to return to Washington, D.C.

5:20 PM : 7 World Trade Center, a 47-story building that had sustained what was originally thought to be light damage in the fall of the twin towers and was earlier reported on fire, collapses. The building contained New York's emergency operations center, operated by the NYC Office of Emergency Management, originally intended to respond to disasters such as the September 11 terrorist attacks.

6:00 PM : Explosions and tracer fire are reported in Kabul, Afghanistan, by CNN and the BBC. The Northern Alliance, involved in a civil war with the Taliban government, is later reported to have attacked Kabul's airport with helicopter gunships.

6:00 PM : announces the attacks are the fruit of "U.S. crimes against humanity" in an official announcement on state television.

6:00 PM: The last of the aircraft headed for the U.S. to land at a Canadian airport lands at Vancouver International, since it was over the Pacific.

6:54 PM : President Bush arrives at the White House.

7:30 PM : U.S. Government denies any responsibility for reported explosions in Kabul.

8:00 PM (approx.): Port Authority Police Officer Will Jimeno, who was in an underground corridor between the two towers, is found alive in the rubble.

8:30 PM : President Bush addresses the nation from the White House. Among his phrases: "Today, our fellow citizens, our way of life, our very freedom came under attack in a series of deliberate and deadly terrorist acts," "Terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundation of America. These acts shatter steel, but they cannot dent the steel of American resolve," and "The search is underway for those who are behind these evil acts...we will make no distinction between the terrorists who committed these acts and those who harbor them."

9:00 PM : President Bush meets his full National Security Council, followed roughly half an hour later by a meeting with a smaller group of key advisers. Bush and his advisers have evidence that Osama bin Laden is behind the attacks. CIA Director Tenet says that al-Qaeda and

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the Taliban in Afghanistan are essentially one and the same. Bush says, "Tell the Taliban we're finished with them."

11:00 PM : There are reports (later proved wrong) of survivors buried in rubble in New York making cell phone calls. Only two more survivors will be pulled from the rubble on September 12.

Wednesday, September 12, 2001

Before 3:15 AM : Boston Herald reports that at least five Arab men have been identified as suspects. Two of them were brothers, and one a trained pilot. Their passports have been traced to the United Arab Emirates. A car, rented in Portland, Maine, has been seized from the Logan Airport garage, containing flight training manuals in Arabic. According to CNN, FBI can neither confirm nor deny this. The men had been in a fight with a man shortly before take-off; this man later recalled the incident and called the police.

Before 3:50 AM : Jerusalem Post reports that Osama Bin Laden has given a speech denying all connections to the attacks, which he called admirable.

10:00 AM : Congress reconvenes.

10:53 AM : President George W. Bush holds a cabinet meeting, saying that the attacks "were more than acts of terror. They were acts of war."

12:30 PM (approximately): Genelle Guzman-McMillan is pulled from the rubble of the north tower of the World Trade Center, and is the last person pulled out of the buildings' collapse zones alive.

5:00 PM : Attorney General John Ashcroft announces that some of the hijackers were pilots trained in the U.S.

7:00 PM : Candlelight vigils are held in Washington Square, Union Square, Central Park, and various other locations in New York City.

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Thursday, September 13, 2001

The data recorder from United Airlines flight 93 is recovered.

Before 1:00 AM : German police raid an apartment in Hamburg, apparently at the behest of the FBI, believed to have been used by suspect passengers on the airline flight list. It is believed to be the first police action outside the U.S. connected with the attack. Two people are taken into provisional custody, one is an airport worker. Both were later released, but re-arrested in late 2002.

It is announced that Ahmed Shah Massoud, a military leader of the Northern Alliance, died on September 9 from wounds received during a Taliban suicide attack.

On the orders of Elizabeth II, the 'Star-Spangled Banner' is played during the changing of the guard at Buckingham Palace. This unprecedented act was witnessed by a huge crowd, many singing along.

At the orders of Vladimir Putin, Russia observes a moment's silence at noontime (Moscow time) with flags placed at half-staff throughout Russia "in memory of terrorist acts' victims" .

Fighting back tears, President Bush vows that America will "lead the world to victory" over terrorism in a struggle he termed the first war of the 21st century.

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Reaction of World Leaders

"On September the eleventh, enemies of freedom committed an act of war against our country. Americans have known wars but for the past 136 years, they have been wars on foreign soil, except for one Sunday in 1941. Americans have known the casualties of war but not at the center of a great city on a peaceful morning. Americans have known surprise attacks but never before on thousands of civilians. All of this was brought upon us in a single day and night fell on a different world, a world where freedom itself is under attack.... We are not deceived by their pretenses to piety. We have seen their kind before. They are the heirs of all the murderous ideologies of the 20th century. By sacrificing human life to serve their radical visions - by abandoning every value except the will to power - they follow in the path of fascism, and Nazism, and totalitarianism. And they will follow that path all the way, to where it ends: in history's unmarked grave of discarded lies.... The course of this conflict is not known, yet its outcome is certain. Freedom and fear, justice and cruelty, have always been at war, and we know that God is not neutral between them. This is not, however, just America's fight. And what is at stake is not just America's freedom. This is the world's fight. This is civilization's fight. This is the fight of all who believe in progress and pluralism, tolerance and freedom....Great harm has been done to us. We have suffered great loss. And in our grief and anger we have found our mission and our moment. Freedom and fear are at war. The advance of human freedom - the great achievement of our time, and the great hope of every time - now depends on us. Our nation - this generation - will lift a dark threat of violence from our people and our future. We will rally the world to this cause, by our efforts and by our courage. We will not tire, we will not falter, and we will not fail... I will not forget this wound to our country, or those who inflicted it. I will not yield - I will not rest - I will not relent in waging this struggle for the freedom and security of the American people." -President George W. Bush

" I was stricken by news and television pictures coming from the United States this morning. It is impossible to fully comprehend the evil that would have conjured up such a cowardly and depraved assault upon thousands of innocent people. There can be no cause or grievance that could ever justify such unspeakable violence. Indeed, such an attack is an assault not only on the targets but an offense against the freedom and rights of all civilized nations. " - Prime Minister Jean Chrétien , Canada

"There can be no doubt that these attacks are deliberate acts of terrorism, carefully planned and coordinated and as such I condemn them utterly. Terrorism must be fought resolutely wherever it appears." - United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan

Queen Elizabeth II said she was watching developments in "growing disbelief and total shock."

"this terrible tragedy.... the entire international community should unite in the struggle against terrorism this is a blatant challenge to humanity." - President Vladimir Putin , Russia

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"France is deeply upset to learn of the monstrous attacks that have just struck the United States.... In these terrible circumstances, all French people stand by the American people. We express our friendship and solidarity in this tragedy." - President Jacques Chirac , France

"Our hearts are with you and we are ready to provide any assistance at any time....This is a war between good and evil and between humanity and the bloodthirsty." -Prime Minister Ariel Sharon , Israel

"It was with horror that I learned of the abominable terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon in Washington in which so many innocent people have lost their lives. My government staunchly condemns these acts of terrorism. The German people are at the side of the United States of America in this difficult hour. I wish to express my deep-felt condolences and complete solidarity to you and the American people. Our thoughts and prayers go out to the victims and their families." -Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder , Germany

"There have been the most terrible, shocking events taking place in the United States of America within the last couple of hours.... We can only imagine the terror and carnage there and the many, many innocent people who have lost their lives .... perpetrated by fanatics who are utterly indifferent to the sanctity of human life, and we, the democracies of this world, are going to have to come together to fight it and eradicate this evil completely from our world." -Prime Minister Tony Blair , United Kingdom

"An attack on one is an attack on all" -NATO Secretary-General Lord Robertson after the alliance's 19 ambassadors decided to invoke Article 5 of the NATO charter for the first time in the alliance's history.

"this outrageous and vicious act of violence against the United States is unforgivable." -Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi , Japan

"Irrespective of the conflict with America it is a human duty to show sympathy with the American people, and be with them at these horrifying and awesome events which are bound to awaken human conscience." - Moammar Gadhafi , Libyan Leader

"We want from here to express our solidarity and our support to all the victims of these acts of terrorism and their family members. We reiterate our complete, emphatic rejection of all forms of violence and all forms of terrorism." - President Vicente Fox , Mexico

"I send my condolences, and the condolences of the Palestinian people to American President Bush and his government and to the American people for this terrible act....We completely condemn this serious operation.... We were completely shocked.... It's unbelievable, unbelievable, unbelievable." -Palestinian Authority President Yasser Arafat

"Egypt firmly and strongly condemns such attacks on civilians and soldiers that led to the deaths of a large number of innocent victims." -President Hosni Mubarak , Egypt

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"I wish to express, on behalf of the Chinese Government and people, our deepest sympathy and solicitude to you and, through you, to the Government and people of the United States. I wish also to extend our condolences to the families of the victims. The Chinese Government has consistently condemned and rejected all forms of terrorist violence." -President Jiang Zemin , China

Mohammad Khatami , President of Iran, said he felt "deep regret and sympathy with the victims." and said "it is an international duty to try to undermine terrorism."

"these monstrous criminals have demonstrated a vile and brutal affront against humanity." - Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi , Italy

"Cuba laments and expresses its profound sadness for the loss of so many innocent lives and expresses our absolute rejection of acts of terrorism, wherever they may come from." -Foreign Minister Felipe Perez Roque , Cuba

"I hurry to express to you and your fellow citizens my profound sorrow and my closeness in prayer for the nation at this dark and tragic moment." -Pope John Paul II , Vatican City

"no doubt this is a result of injustice the U.S practices against the weak in the world." - Sheikh Ahmed Yassin, Spiritual Leader of Hamas

"It is premature to level allegations against a person who is not in a position to carry out such attacks, it was a well-organized plan and Osama has no such facilities."" -Mullah Abul Salam Zaeef, Taliban's Ambassador to Pakistan

"And just as your beautiful skyscrapers were destroyed and caused your grief, beautiful buildings and precious homes crumbled over their owners in Lebanon, Palestine, and Iraq by American weapons.... Americans should feel the pain they have inflicted on other peoples of the world, so as when they suffer, they will find the right and the right path. " - President Saddam Hussein, Iraq

North Korea called the attacks "tragic," adding that it "is opposed to all forms of terrorism."

"No, we did not do this, and we are not with you." -Ayatollah Khamenei, Iranian Supreme Religious Leader

"This place may be bombed, and we will be killed. We love death. The U.S. loves life. That is the big difference between us." -Osama bin Laden , to a visiting reporter 26 Nov 2001.

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The International Death Toll of September 11, 2001 Areas in blue had citizens killed the attacks.

Antigua & Barbuda Ethiopia Kenya France Lebanon Sri Lanka Australia The Gambia Liberia St. Kitts & Nevis Austria Germany Luxembourg St. Lucia Bangladesh Ghana Malaysia St. Vincent & the Barbados Greece Mexico Grenadines Belgium Grenada The Sweden Belarus Guatemala New Zealand Switzerland Belize Guyana Nicaragua Bolivia Nigeria Brazil Honduras Pakistan Togo Canada Hong Kong Panama Trinidad & Tobago India Paraguay Turkey China Ukraine Colombia Iran Philippines United Kingdom Czech Republic Ireland Poland United States Dominica Israel Dominican Italy Romania Uzbekistan Republic Russia Venezuela Ecuador Japan Slovakia Yemen Egypt Jordan South Africa Zimbabwe El Salvador Kazakhstan South Korea (Source: International Information Programs, U.S. State Department)

Source: http://www.worldstatesmen.org/index2.html

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