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A Review of the Genus Myopa M North America (Diptera: Conopidae)

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A Review of the Genus Myopa M North America (Diptera: Conopidae) T H E W A S l\1 A N N J 0 U R N A L 0 F B I 0 L 0 G Y VOL. 11 , No. 1 SPRI!'iG, 1953 A Review of the Genus Myopa m North America (Diptera: Conopidae) SIDNEY CAMRAS, 13 /J •'outh Keele1· A venue. Chi · cago, Illinois The present paper is a continuation of studies of the Nearctic Conopidae. The species in this group are remarkable in having one of two distinct type.· of female genital plates, without any intermediates, in otherwise very similar species. It is therefore an ideal genus in which to test the value of the male genitalia in this family. These were studied, and found to be disappointing, for I was unable to find any differences in the male genitalia in species having different femal e genital plates. However, I must state that thi.· was my first attempt at studying genitalia, and a more experienced worker may find differences that I have overlooked. The only differences in the male genitalia that I was able to find are three forms of the seventh abdominal tergite. And of these, one is a variation of another. Most of the species (those listed before couplet 13 of the key), have a rounded, elongated prong projecting medial ly from the ventral margin of the seventh tergite. In Myopa f cn estmta Coquillett the prong is triangular in for·m, having a wider base and not projecting as much. 111 yo pet pulchra Coquillett would undoubtedly be simi­ lar to M. f enestmtct hut is the only species not dissected. Myopa willistoni Banks is similar to JII. f en estmtct, but the tip is morr rounded. In M. vica1·ia the typical form has almost complett• absence of the pt'Ong, but in a specimen of the melanistic form , the prong· approaches that of M. f enestrata.. It was interesting­ to find that M. rnelanderi Banks which is superficially mo1·r similar to M. willistoni, had the genitalia of the other less simi­ lar species. Later a new species was found (M. bohartonmt ), Received for publication September 12, 1951. [ 97 l 98 THE WAS MANN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY, V oL. 11, 1953 which is intermediate between lJII. m elander i and the other spe­ cies listed before it in the key. Parsons ( 1948, page 235) , in his fin e review of the North American Conopidae, suggested division of the genus on the basis of the two types of female genital plates. Howner, as has been shown, the male genitalia do not support the importance of this character. In arranging the species, I have attempted to place the more "primitive" species first, and t he more "specialized" species afterward. I have selected the following character.- and clas­ sified them as primitive or specialized . In some cases it is easy to decide which character is more specialized; but in others, it is probably impossible to ever say with certainty. Primitive Specialized Short female genital plate Long female genital plate Male genital prong elongated Male genital prong short First posterior cell closed First posterior cell open Abdomen reddish Abdomen blackish Abdominal hairs dark Abdominal hairs light Anterior femur narrow Anterior femur thickened Wing unmarked Wing patterned 'l.'hus M. cu1·t-icornis Krober has six and one-half primitive characters and one-half specialized (fi rst posterior cell some­ times open) ; while M. willistoni and M. f enestrata haYe two primitive and fi ve specialized characters. The key has also been prepared, to group the species somewhat phylogen e tical l ~ · . The present study is based on a large series of specimens received through the courtesy of the following individuals and institutions: J. Bequaert (Museum of Comparative Zoology), G. E. Bohart, C. H . Curran (American Museum of ~ at ional History), W. J. Gerhard (Chicago Natural History Museum), P. D. Hurd, Jr. (University of California), lVI. 'l.'. J ames (Wash­ ington State College), E. L. Kessel (California Academy of Sciences), G. F. Knowlton (Utah State Coll ege of Agricul ­ ture), H. Oldroyd (British 1\tfuseum), C. W. Sabrosk,v (United States National Museum), and A. J. Walz (UniYersit,v of Idaho). In addition to J. Bequaert, J . E. Collin, and H. Old­ royd have kindly compared some of my specimens with types in the collections under their care. REVIEW OF THE GENUS MYOPA-CAMRAS 99 KEY TO NOII'l'l-1 A:li1EUICAN SPECU: S OF MYOPA 1. Wings unmarked; or if patterned, first post erior cell is closed.... 2 Wings patterned, at least clouded at cross-veins. First postel'ior cell open ............................................... ......................................................... 13 2. Anterior cross-vein not thickened. Costal "stigma," if present, dark ................................................ .................................................................. 3 A nterior cross-vein thickened. Costal "stigma" yellowish ............ 12 3. Abdominal ha ir black.... ............................................................................ 4 Abdominal hair predominantly white or yellowish ........................ 11 4. Abdome n predominantly redd•ish ............................................................ 5 Abdomen predominantly black.......................................... ...................... 8 5. Male abdomen less pollinose, especially on the fifth segment. Fe­ ma le genital plate short.................................. .......................................... 6 Male abdomen more pollinose, especially on the fifth segm ent. Fe- male genital plate long. (Western.) ............ M. p eTplexa, new species 6. Abdomen with pollinose markings less distinct. Male abdomen more circular................ ......................... ....................................................... 7 Abdome n with distinct pollinose markings. Abdomen long and cylindrical, especially in male. (North American.) ....................... .................... .............................................................................. 111. cl ausa Loew 7. Abdomen moderately pollinose, less shiny. Hairs moderately long and dense. First posterior cell closed, but sometimes open. Size s maller , 6-8 mm. (Westem.) ............................ M. cu1·ticontis Krober Abdomen with almost no pollen , shiny. Hairs short and sparse. First posterior cell almost always open. Size large!', 7-10 mm. (Westem.) ...................................................................... M. mbida (Bigot) 8. Abdominal pollen grayish white............................................................ 9 Abdominal pollen golden yellow. (Southwestem.) ............. ............. .. .................................................................................... ...... 111. plebeia Williston 9. Size la rger, 8- 9 mm. Abdomen usually reddish on the sides. Fourth segment without a middle pollinose stripe ........................................ 10 Size smaller, 61h-8 mm. Abdomen not more .than slightly r eddish on sides. Fourth segment usually with middle pollinose s tl·ipe. (Eastern.) .................................. .................................... M. v i1·g inica Banks 10. Abdominal hair short. (Western.) ........................ M. castanea (Bigot) Abdominal hair long. (Western.) ................ .. .......... M. longi11ilis Banks 11. Abdomen reddish. (Western.) ............................ M. flav o11ilosa Krober Abdomen black, or if reddish it is dark, not rufous. (North Amel'i- can.) ............ .......................................................... .............. M. vesic1tlosa Say 100 THE WASMANN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY, VoL 11, 1953 12. First posterior cell hyaline or slightly darkened. Abdomen with longitudinal pollinose stripe. (Western.) ................ ... ....................... .......................................................................... M. bohm·tonon, new species First posterior cell with dark spot. Abdomen with stripe confined to terminal segments. (Western. ) .. ..................... M. melande?"i Banks 13. Wings hyaline except for da rk clouds at cross-veins. (North American.) ...................... ............................ ..................... M. v i ca?"ia Walker Wings heavily patte rned ....................... .................................................. 14 14. Wing pattern spotted. (Western.) ...... .............. M . wi.llistoni Banks Wing pattern dark with hyaline ma rkings ................ ...................... 15 15. Thorax and abdomen with conside rable rufous coloration. Basal third of wing yellowish. (Mexican .) ................ M. pul chm Coquillett Thorax and abdomen dark, without rufous a reas. Basal fourth of wing yellowish. ( Mexican.) .. ............................ M. t enestmt(t Coquillett Myopa curticornis Krober. Myo1Ja c1t1·ticornis KRiiBER, 1916, page 32. 'l'his is considered the basic species from which the others in t his complex (M. rubida, JII . clausa, and Jl!f. pe1 · pl e ~(l, ) arc de­ rived. Intermediates occur between all of these species, and at one tim e I felt that they should be considered one great !~ - vari­ able species. Howevet·, the differences between the female geni­ tal plate characteristic of one species, without any intermediates, a nd the presence of different fo rm s in the same regions without jntermediates, support the contention that we are dealing with oistinct species in spite of the occasional occurrence of in ter­ g rades. Populations f rom various localities show geographic varia­ tions which help complicate the group. Thus, Utah specim ens of Jll. curtic01·nis are on the average small er t han California specimens; moreover the first posterior cell is more closed and ])etiolate in the Utah specimens. 'I' he distinguishing
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