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Conflict and Resource Development in the Southern Highlands of Papua New Guinea

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Conflict and Resource Development in the Southern Highlands of Papua New Guinea CONFLICT AND RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTHERN HIGHLANDS OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA CONFLICT AND RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTHERN HIGHLANDS OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA Nicole Haley and Ronald J. May (eds) State, Society and Governance in Melanesia Program Studies in State and Society in the Pacific, No. 3 Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at: http://epress.anu.edu.au/conflict_citation.html National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Conflict and resource development in the Southern Highlands of Papua New Guinea. ISBN 9781921313455 (pbk.) ISBN 9781921313462 (online) 1. Social conflict - Papua New Guinea - Southern Highlands Province. 2. Intergroup relations - Papua New Guinea - Southern Highlands Province. 3. Natural resources - Management. I. Haley, Nicole. II. May, R. J. (Ronald James), 1939- . 330.99561 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. This book has been published on the recommendation of the Pacific Editorial Board, which is convened by the Pacific Centre. Cover photo: Southern Highlanders view the Nembi landscape (Bryant Allen) Cover design by Teresa Prowse Printed by University Printing Services, ANU This edition © 2007 ANU E Press Contents Abbreviations xi Contributors xiii Acknowledgements xvii Opening Remarks xix Highlands, Nicole Haley and Ronald J. May 1 2. The National Government and the Southern Highlands since the 2002 General Elections, Joseph Dorpar and Jim Macpherson 21 3. The Setting: Land, economics and development in the Southern Highlands, Bryant Allen 35 4. The Southern Highlands: A hasty transition from unknown to riches and chaos, Joe R. Kanekane 47 5. Cosmology, Morality and Resource Development: SHP election outcomes and moves to establish a separate Hela Province, Nicole Haley 57 6. ‘Hoo-Ha in Huli’: Considerations on commotion and community in the Southern Highlands, Laurence Goldman 69 7. Issues of Stability in the Southern Highlands Province, Laurie Bragge 89 8. The Future of Resource Development in the Southern Highlands, Chris Warrilow 101 9. Community-Based Development in Tari — Present and Prospects, John Vail 107 10. A Brief Overview of Government, Law and Order, and Social Matters in the Tari District, Noel H. Walters 123 11. Porgera Joint Venture’s Presence in the Southern Highlands Province, Kai Lavu 129 Southern Highlands, Maev O’Collins 135 Province, Neryl Lewis 149 14. An Inside Post-mortem on the Southern Highlands: A perspective from Tari, Philip Moya 165 Index 181 v Figures 1.1. Resource development in PNG including Southern Highlands Province 6 1.2. Southern Highlands agricultural systems and cultural groups 10 3.1. Average population growth rates (% per year), 1966 to 2000: Southern Highlands compared with Papua New Guinea regions 37 3.2. SHP Districts: Predicted population change 1980-2000 verses censused population in 2000 38 3.3. Land quality 39 3.4. Agricultural systems 40 3.5. Estimated rural cash incomes 1996 41 3.6. Access to service centres and markets 42 3.7. Agricultural pressure and potential 43 3.8. Literacy rates by district 44 3.9. Disadvantaged areas 45 6.1. National judicial system (Chalmers and Paliwala 1977:94) 78 9.1. Distribution of FHRIP families 1995-2000 115 9.2. CBHC structure 117 vii Tables 3.1. Altitude ranges in SHP, by land area, population, and population density on land used for agriculture, 2000 35 3.2. Landforms in SHP by land area, population, and population density on land used for agriculture, 2000 36 3.3. Average population growth rates (% per year), 1966 to 2000: Southern Highlands compared with other Papua New Guinea regions 36 3.4. Land quality by land area and populations 39 13.1. Summary of conflict risk indicators for Southern Highlands Province 150 ix Abbreviations ADA Assistant District Administrator APO Aid Post Orderly CA Community affairs CBHC Community-based health care CHW Community Health Worker CIFP Country indicators for foreign policy CNGL Chevron NiuGuini Limited DPLGA Department for Provincial and Local Government Affairs FEED Front end engineering and design FHRIP Family Health and Rural Improvement Program GTQ Gas-to-Queensland HEO Health Extension Officer HSES Health, safety, environment and security ILG Incorporated Land Group LANCO Landowner Company LLG Local-Level Government LNG Liquid natural gas MFFN Melanesian Farmer First Network MIGR Ministry for Inter-Government Relations MP Member of Parliament MPA Members of the Provincial Assembly NEC National Executive Council NYMP National Youth Movement Program OIC Officer In Change OLPGLLG Organic Law on Provincial Governments and Local-level Governments OSL Oil Search Ltd PDL Petroleum development licence PJV Porgera Joint Venture PMV Passenger motor vehicle PPL Petroleum prospecting licence RPNGC Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary SDA Seventh Day Adventist Church SEIS Social and economic impact statement SHP Southern Highlands Province SHPG Southern Highlands Provincial Government SHRDP Southern Highlands Rural Development Project xi Conflict and Resource Development in the Southern Highlands of Papua New Guinea TCS Tax credit scheme Measurements km² kilometres squared tlf trillion cubic feet bblspd barrels per day $A Australian dollars $US United States dollars K PNG Kina xii Contributors Bryant Allen is a Senior Fellow in the Department of Human Geography, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, at The Australian National University. He previously taught at the University of Papua New Guinea and worked with the National Research Institute (Papua New Guinea). His recent work has focused on agricultural systems in Papua New Guinea, and has included extensive fieldwork in Tari. Laurie Bragge has served as Community Affairs Manager and Community Affairs Strategic Planner with Oil Search Ltd. He was a patrol officer/district officer in Papua New Guinea from 1961 to 1978, during which time he served in several provinces, including the Southern Highlands Province. During the 1980s he was involved in the tourism industry in Papua New Guinea. Stephanie Copus-Campbell is a former Director, Strategies and Program Planning Section, Papua New Guinea Branch of AusAID. Joseph Dorpar, from Kerowagi in Chimbu Province, is the administrator of Madang Province, where he is working hard to restore services in a setting where the provincial government was largely crippled by unresolved conflict among its leaders. Prior to this he worked with the Ministry for Inter-Government Relations, and before that as Administrator of Chimbu Province. Laurence Goldman is currently Gas Project Community Affairs Field Manager with Esso Highlands Limited. He also holds an adjunct Associate Professor position in Anthropology at the University of Queensland. Dr Goldman conducted fieldwork among the Huli in the late 1970s, has published extensively on the Southern Highlands, and has had a longstanding academic career in both pure and applied anthropological research. Nicole Haley is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow with the State, Society and Governance in Melanesia Project, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, at The Australian National University. She has extensive field research and consultancy experience in Papua New Guinea, particularly in the Southern Highlands. Joe Kanekane is a Southern Highlander who was Chief Political and Investigative Reporter with the former Independent newspaper in Papua New Guinea, and chair of the Editors Task Force on War Against Corruption. Kai Lavu is Manager, Community Affairs, with the Porgera Joint Venture, which operates the Porgera Gold Mine in Enga Province, Papua New Guinea. Neryl Lewis is currently AusAID's Emergencies Manager. Prior to taking up this position, Neryl managed the PNG Humanitarian Unit, overseeing AusAID support for disaster management, Bougainville and Southern Highlands Province. xiii Conflict and Resource Development in the Southern Highlands of Papua New Guinea She joined AusAID in 2001, after completing a Master of Letters in Peace Studies at the University of New England, and worked on the PNG Program for four years. Jim Macpherson has taught at universities in Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea. His recent appointments have been as First Secretary in the Ministry responsible for provincial and local government affairs in Papua New Guinea, and currently, with Sir Peter Barter, First Secretary in the Ministry of Health, Papua New Guinea. Ronald J. May is a Visiting Fellow in the State, Society and Governance in Melanesia Project, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, and Convenor of the Centre for Conflict and Post-Conflict Studies, Asia Pacific, at The Australian National University. He was formerly Director of the National Research Institute (Papua New Guinea). Philip Moya is a Southern Highlander currently working for Oil Search Limited as a senior community relations officer on the Papua New Guinea Gas Project. He has over 25 years of public service experience. Following the failed elections of 2002 he was appointed as Acting Deputy Provincial Administrator and Regional Coordinator (Western) for Southern Highlands. His chief responsibilities included co-ordinating law and order programs and re-establishing administrative functions in the Hela region. Maev O'Collins is a
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