Review of Environmental Factors Woolloomooloo Wastewater

Review of Environmental Factors

Woolloomooloo Wastewater Stormwater Separation Project

March 2016f

File Reference: T:\ENGSERV\ESECPD\EES Planning\2002XXXX_Hot spots 3\20029431 Woolloomooloo sewer separation\REF

Publication number: SWS232 03/16

Table of Contents

Declaration and sign off Executive summary ...... i 1. Introduction ...... 1 1.1 Project Background ...... 1 1.2 Woolloomooloo Wastewater Stormwater Separation ...... 2 1.3 Related stormwater projects ...... 4 1.4 Scope of this REF ...... 4 2. Stakeholder and community consultation ...... 5 2.1 Consultation objectives ...... 5 2.2 Social analysis ...... 5 2.3 Consultation during the REF ...... 7 2.3.1 Key government stakeholder feedback ...... 8 2.3.2 Key community stakeholder feedback ...... 9 2.4 Summary of matters identified ...... 10 2.5 Consultation on REF ...... 11 2.6 Further consultation ...... 11 2.7 ISEPP Consultation ...... 12 3. Legislation and planning context ...... 14 3.1 Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 ...... 14 3.2 State and Regional Environmental Planning Policies ...... 14 3.2.1 State Environmental Planning Policy (Infrastructure) 2007 ...... 14 3.2.2 Sydney Regional Environmental Plan (Sydney Harbour Catchment) 2005 ...... 15 3.3 Sydney Local Environment Plan 2012 ...... 15 3.4 Other NSW legislation ...... 15 3.5 Commonwealth legislation ...... 18 4. Alternatives and justification for the project ...... 19 4.1 Objectives ...... 19 4.2 Project need ...... 19 4.3 Consideration of alternatives ...... 19 4.4 Consideration of principles of Ecologically Sustainable Development ...... 22 5. Project Description ...... 23 5.1 Scope of Work ...... 23

5.1.1 Stream Street ...... 24 5.1.2 Brougham Lane ...... 29 5.1.3 Darlinghurst Road ...... 31 5.1.4 Forbes Street ...... 33 5.1.5 Riley Street ...... 35 5.1.6 Womerah Avenue ...... 39 5.2 Pre-construction ...... 41 5.3 Construction Activities ...... 41 5.4 Working hours ...... 44 5.5 Commissioning ...... 45 5.6 Operation ...... 45 5.7 Changes to the Scope of Work ...... 45 6. Site Specific Environmental Assessment and Mitigation Measures ...... 46 6.1 Stream Street ...... 46 6.1.1 Topography, geology and soils ...... 46 6.1.2 Water and drainage ...... 47 6.1.3 Flora and Fauna ...... 49 6.1.4 Air quality ...... 50 6.1.5 Noise and vibration ...... 50 6.1.6 Non-Aboriginal heritage ...... 53 6.1.7 Aboriginal heritage ...... 56 6.1.8 Traffic and access ...... 57 6.1.9 Waste ...... 59 6.1.10 Social and visual ...... 59 6.2 Brougham Lane ...... 61 6.2.1 Topography, geology and soils ...... 61 6.2.2 Water and drainage ...... 61 6.2.3 Flora and Fauna ...... 62 6.2.4 Air quality ...... 62 6.2.5 Noise and vibration ...... 63 6.2.6 Non-Aboriginal heritage ...... 65 6.2.7 Aboriginal heritage ...... 66 6.2.8 Traffic and access ...... 67 6.2.9 Waste ...... 68 6.2.10 Social and visual ...... 68 6.3 Darlinghurst Road ...... 70 6.3.1 Topography, geology and soils ...... 70

6.3.2 Water and drainage ...... 70 6.3.3 Flora and Fauna ...... 71 6.3.4 Air quality ...... 72 6.3.5 Noise and vibration ...... 73 6.3.6 Non-Aboriginal heritage ...... 75 6.3.7 Aboriginal heritage ...... 77 6.3.8 Traffic and access ...... 77 6.3.9 Waste ...... 78 6.3.10 Social and visual ...... 79 6.4 Forbes Street ...... 80 6.4.1 Topography, geology and soils ...... 80 6.4.2 Water and drainage ...... 80 6.4.3 Flora and Fauna ...... 81 6.4.4 Air quality ...... 82 6.4.5 Noise and vibration ...... 83 6.4.6 Non-Aboriginal heritage ...... 85 6.4.7 Aboriginal heritage ...... 87 6.4.8 Traffic and access ...... 87 6.4.9 Waste ...... 88 6.4.10 Social and visual ...... 89 6.5 Riley Street ...... 90 6.5.1 Topography, geology and soils ...... 90 6.5.2 Water and drainage ...... 90 6.5.3 Flora and Fauna ...... 91 6.5.4 Air quality ...... 92 6.5.5 Noise and vibration ...... 93 6.5.6 Non-Aboriginal heritage ...... 95 6.5.7 Aboriginal heritage ...... 97 6.5.8 Traffic and access ...... 97 6.5.9 Waste ...... 99 6.5.10 Social and visual ...... 99 6.6 Womerah Avenue ...... 101 6.6.1 Topography, geology and soils ...... 101 6.6.2 Water and drainage ...... 101 6.6.3 Flora and Fauna ...... 102 6.6.4 Air quality ...... 103 6.6.5 Noise and vibration ...... 103

6.6.6 Non-Aboriginal heritage ...... 105 6.6.7 Aboriginal heritage ...... 106 6.6.8 Traffic and access ...... 106 6.6.9 Waste ...... 107 6.6.10 Social and visual ...... 108 6.7 Cumulative impact ...... 109 7. Environmental management ...... 110 7.1 Construction Environmental Management Plan ...... 110 7.2 Incident Management Plan ...... 110 7.3 Operational Environmental Management ...... 110 8. Conclusion ...... 111 9. References ...... 112 10. Glossary and abbreviations ...... 113 APPENDIX A Clause 228 Summary ...... 116 APPENDIX B Concept Plans ...... 119

Table 1: Summary of local stakeholders identified to date ...... 7 Table 2: Summary of consultation matters to date ...... 10 Table 3: ISEPP consultation requirements ...... 12 Table 4: Recommended safe working distances for vibration intensive plant ...... 52

Figure 1: Study area and proposed works ...... 3 Figure 2: Stream Street separation works and key environmental constraints ...... 28 Figure 3: Brougham Lane separation works and key environmental constraints ...... 30 Figure 4: Darlinghurst Road separation works and key environmental constraints ...... 32 Figure 5: Forbes Street separation works and key environmental constraints ...... 34 Figure 6: Riley Street separation works and key environmental constraints...... 38 Figure 7: Womerah Avenue separation works and key environmental constraints ...... 40

Executive summary

Introduction The Woolloomooloo catchment is located within the City of Sydney local government area and includes the suburbs of Potts Point, Darlinghurst and Woolloomooloo. The catchment is drained by a series of pits, pipes and overland flow paths into Woolloomooloo Bay. The area currently has a combined system where wastewater and stormwater is collected in the same pipe. This combined system is one of the five original combined systems that were built in Sydney in the 1800’s. The Woolloomooloo section is the only remaining system that has not yet been separated.

Sydney Water owns the larger combined wastewater/stormwater pipes. The rest of the stormwater assets are owned by the City of Sydney Council.

The dry weather flows in the combined system are captured and directed for treatment to the Bondi Ocean Outfall Wastewater System. During wet weather, the combined system capacity is exceeded and stormwater mixed with heavily diluted wastewater flows into Woolloomooloo Bay through overflow points located in this catchment.

The Woolloomooloo Wastewater Stormwater Separation Project (the project) aims to build a separated wastewater and stormwater collection system. The purpose of this is to reduce the number of wet weather wastewater overflows to Woolloomooloo Bay.

The project has been divided into the following five construction packages:  Stream Street, Woolloomooloo  Brougham Lane, Potts Point and Darlinghurst Road, Darlinghurst  Forbes Street, Darlinghurst  Riley Street, Woolloomooloo  Womerah Avenue, Darlinghurst.

Some parts of the Woolloomooloo catchment are prone to stormwater flooding. This is being addressed by a separate project, in conjunction with the City of Sydney Council. The separation of the wastewater system (this project) will not specifically address existing stormwater flooding and capacity issues. However, removing the wastewater from the combined pipes will marginally increase its capacity for dedicated stormwater flows.

Objectives

The project objectives are to:  eliminate the last combined wastewater/stormwater system within Sydney Water’s area of operations  improve public health by reducing wet weather wastewater overflows to Woolloomooloo Bay during wet weather events  improve visual impacts through the removal of wastewater related gross pollutants from the streets and the harbour surrounding Woolloomooloo  reduce the nuisance odour emanating from the street gully pits in the Woolloomooloo area

 meet discharge frequency target of 20 overflow events in 10 years and comply with environmental license requirements for the Bondi Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) (EPL 1688). Description of the project

The project will involve construction of approximately 4.2km of new wastewater pipes adjacent to the existing combined pipe and connection of approximately 220 properties to the new wastewater pipe. The existing combined pipe will be retained as a stormwater pipe. Approximately 650m of new stormwater pipes will also be required.

Construction of about 115 new maintenance chambers, internal work within the current combined pipe and reconnection of existing vent shafts to the new wastewater pipe will also be required.

The new pipes will need to be laid in the road pavement while the traffic lane is closed. The construction hours will be determined in consultation with the City of Sydney Council and the Roads and Maritime Services (RMS) when road occupancy licences are requested by the Contractor during construction planning. Work will require a substantial amount of night works due to the urban nature of the sites, high traffic volumes on affected roads and past experience with similar work.

The construction method is constrained by the existing services in the area and the need to reconnect property lines to the new wastewater pipe. Construction will be mostly open trenching except in a few areas where under-boring will be feasible.

The project is scheduled to commence in early 2017 and take place in stages over a period of about 24 months, weather and ground conditions permitting. Due to the large amount of other construction projects in the area, coordination with the City of Sydney Council and other infrastructure providers is needed to minimise cumulative impacts (eg. traffic closures) in the area.

Summary of environmental impacts and management

Due to the large amount of night works required to construct the project, the main environmental impacts are potential noise, vibration, traffic and access to surrounding residents, businesses and other sensitive receivers such as schools and hospitals in the area. The work will involve high- noise generating activities such as saw-cutting, excavation of rock and concrete. Many of the receivers are located in multi-storey buildings, which reduce opportunities at the worksite for shielding of noise impacts.

The work will be need to be managed in close consultation with community groups, residents, businesses, council and other sensitive receivers to ensure impacts are minimised as much as possible. The consultation done to date is detailed in section 3 of this REF.

The work will also take place within local heritage conservation areas and adjacent to state and locally listed heritage items. Potential heritage impacts will be managed through the implementation of mitigation measures outlined in this REF.

Overall, there will be some short term impacts associated with construction of a large project within a highly urbanised and densely populated area. However, after incorporation of all control measures outlined in this REF, the project is considered unlikely to significantly affect the environment and an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is not required.

The long term benefits from this project will ensure that Sydney Water will improve the environment by reducing wet weather wastewater overflows, reduce odour and protect human health. Sydney Water will also meet legislative requirements for wet weather wastewater overflows in the Woolloomooloo area by providing a modern, fully separated wastewater system.

1. Introduction

1.1 Project Background

The NSW Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) regulates Sydney Water’s environmental performance through Environment Protection Licences (EPLs). This includes the environmental performance of our wastewater systems and wet weather wastewater overflows. Wet weather wastewater overflows are the release of excess heavily diluted wastewater through overflow points in heavy rain.

During heavy rain, large amounts of stormwater can enter the wastewater system. In wet weather, the volume of water in the system can be 5 to 10 times more than in dry weather. Sydney’s wastewater system is designed with overflow points to allow excess wastewater to flow to stormwater drains or waterways during wet weather, protecting homes and businesses from flooding. Without overflow points, wastewater could come up through toilets and floor drains in homes and businesses, or gully traps in the backyards. Wet weather overflow points, also known as directed overflows, play a critical role in protecting public health which means that they cannot be removed from the system.

To help reduce the potential impact of overflows in the receiving waters, in 1998 Sydney Water proposed frequency targets for wet weather overflows from our wastewater system to be met by 2021. The frequency is measured by the number of times overflows operate in wet weather. The key driver for this measure was to reduce the number of lost swimming days due to wet weather.

Sydney Water has been working to reduce the frequency of wet weather overflows targets since 2000, mainly by building larger pipes, large storage tanks, tunnels and pumps. Almost $1.5 billion have been invested since 1998, contributing to cleaner beaches and waterways. The work has contributed to improved water quality in Sydney Harbour, the Blue Mountains, the middle of Georges River, and coastal beaches from Palm Beach to Bombo. To date, the Overflow Abatement Program has delivered:  Wet Weather Overflow Abatement works (Hot Spots 1 & 2), including areas in Blackwattle Bay, Cronulla, Peakhurst, Kingsgrove and Sydney central CBD during 2002-2009  Wet weather abatement works at Northern Beaches, Illawarra, Quakers Hill and Richmond catchments during 2006-2012.

While most of Sydney Water’s wastewater systems now meet, or are on track to achieve, the original frequency targets by 2021, the EPA continue to progressively place pollution reduction programs in the EPLs requiring Sydney Water to work towards meeting the long term targets. In order to continue to deliver improved outcomes, the following work has been or is being delivered by Sydney Water:  Hot Spots 3 (2012 to 2019), Wet Weather Overflow Abatement works, including areas in Lime Kiln Bay, Vineyard Creek, Scotts Creek, Northbridge Baths, Wolli Creek, Camperdown and Woolloomooloo.

These seven projects were considered either ‘high’ or ‘medium’ priority based on a selection criteria process, including overflow frequencies, community complaints, environmental data and cost.

The project, which is the subject of this REF, is part of the Hot Spots 3 Wet Weather Overflow Abatement program. By separating the wastewater system from the stormwater system, the wastewater will be prevented from entering the stormwater system and discharging into the harbour. This also reduces the number of wet weather overflows from the wastewater system.

1.2 Woolloomooloo Wastewater Stormwater Separation

The Woolloomooloo combined wastewater stormwater system is one of the five original combined systems that were built in Sydney in the 1800’s. Unlike other cities around the world, nearly all of Sydney has a separate stormwater and wastewater system. The Woolloomooloo section of the wastewater system is the only remaining combined system that has not been separated.

Before the construction of the combined wastewater stormwater systems, Sydney relied on open drains and watercourses to collect and transport the wastewater. In the mid 1800’s the unsanitary conditions and the increasing problems in public health led to the construction of the combined systems. The combined systems were built underground and they were designed to divert stormwater and wastewater from the streets into the surrounding harbour, away from Sydney’s water supply and population.

In the 1870’s, due to the increasing pollution in Sydney harbour, it was decided to divert the dry weather wastewater flow for treatment before being discharged into deeper waters. This led to the construction of the Bondi Ocean Outfall Sewer (BOOS) in 1889. The BOOS was designed with the capacity to transport the dry weather flows and limited stormwater flows by gravity. A diversion system, known as interceptors, were installed on the combined pipes in the Woolloomooloo area to divert dry weather flow into the BOOS. When the capacity of the interceptors are exceeded during wet weather only a portion of the flows are diverted based on the capacity into the BOOS, the remaining flow is discharged into the harbour.

The separation of Sydney’s combined wastewater stormwater systems started in 1925 in the Haymarket area, however it was not until the 1970’s that a separation program was established. This separation program separated the majority of the combined systems within Sydney CBD and inner west areas over the period.

There are several areas in the Sydney CBD that have not been separated and they are being investigated as part of this project. The project aims to separate these remaining areas of the combined system into two separate systems; wastewater and stormwater. During wet weather, the capacity of the diversion system is exceeded and excess diluted wastewater is discharged to Woolloomooloo Bay. The area includes four interceptors (INT), INT 11, INT 12, INT 15 and INT 16, which discharge to Woolloomooloo Bay. The frequency of discharges to the environment currently ranges from 299 to 464 times over a 10 year period.

Woolloomooloo Bay is sensitive due to the presence of The Andrew Charlton Swimming Pool (a priority sensitive site) and residential properties and businesses on the Finger Wharf and foreshore. The project can be divided into the following five construction packages based on the current network configuration (see Figure 1):  Stream Street separation works and closure of Palmer Street INT 11  Forbes Street separation works and closure of Forbes Street INT 12  Darlinghurst Road and Brougham Lane separation and closure of Dowling Street INT 15  Riley Street separation works and closure of Stanley Lane INT 16  Womerah Avenue separation works (no interceptor associated with this package).

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LEGEND Proposed Stormwater Existing Sewer Sewer Separation Project Sites Proposed Sewer Combined Sewer Contours Stormwater Railway

Job Number 21-25044 Paper Size A3 Sydney Water 025 50 100 150 200 Woolloomooloo Sewer Separation - Revision 1 Integrated Planning Aspects Date 10 Feb 2016 Metres Map Projection: Transverse Mercator Horizontal Datum: GDA 1994 Grid: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 56 o Study area and proposed works Figure 1 N:\AU\Sydney\Projects\21\25044\GIS\Maps\Deliverables\21_25044_Z008_ProposedWorks.mxd Level 15, 133 Castlereagh Street Sydney NSW 2000 Australia T 61 2 9239 7100 F 61 2 9239 7199 E [email protected] W www.ghd.com © 2016. Whilst every care has been taken to prepare this map, GHD and NSW DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, GEOSCIENCE AUSTRALIA, NSW DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY, SIXMAP IMAGERY make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose and cannot accept liability and responsibility of any kind (whether in contract, tort or otherwise) for any expenses, losses, damages and/or costs (including indirect or consequential damage) which are or may be incurred by any party as a result of the map being inaccurate, incomplete or unsuitable in any way and for any reason. Data Source: NSW Department of Lands: Cadastre - Jan 2014; Geoscience Australia: 250k Data - Jan 2014; NSW Department of Primary Industry - Jan 2014; SIXmap imagery Jan 2015. Created by: jrichardson 1.3 Related stormwater projects

The Woolloomooloo catchment is located within the City of Sydney local government area and is drained by a series of pits (inlets), pipes and overland flow paths into Woolloomooloo Bay. Sydney Water owns larger trunk/combined wastewater-stormwater assets and the rest of the stormwater assets are owned by City of Sydney Council (CoS). During high rainfall events, significant flooding occurs in a number of locations such as Stream Street, Busby’s Lane, Crown Street, Palmer Street, Cowper Wharf Road, Bourke Street and Victoria Street.

A flood management study was commissioned by Sydney Water and the City of Sydney Council (CoS) for the Woolloomooloo area. The draft Woolloomooloo Flood Study (WMA, 2013), draft Floodplain Risk Management Study (WMA, 2015a) and draft Floodplain Risk Management Plan (WMA, 2015b) were publicly exhibited in August 2015. These draft documents will be finalised giving consideration to the comments received during the public exhibition.

The Woolloomooloo Flood Study noted that the drainage characteristics of this catchment have been significantly altered as a result of urbanisation over the past 100 years. This includes construction of rail, road and drainage infrastructure which had significant impacts on drainage behaviour. The Flood Management Plan considered amplification of stormwater capacity in this catchment to mitigate the area’s flood risk, however, it was given a low priority in the Flood Risk Management Plan due to the following reasons:  drainage from the catchment is influenced by high tides in Woolloomooloo bay (ie. tidal influences may occur in conjunction with rainfall events and therefore not resolve flooding issues despite amplification)  the area is fully urbanised and surrounded by high density housing and local businesses, heritage listed structures, limited open space and major underground infrastructure such as major utility services, the Cross City Tunnel and Eastern Distributor. These would pose significant constraints in terms of finding available space for construction of amplified stormwater structures  the amplification would be prohibitively expensive as it would involve very large capacity pipes, it would have a low cost benefit ratio and major community impacts during construction.

The project aims to separate the existing combined system to create a separated wastewater and stormwater collection system for the area. It is not within the scope of this project to address stormwater flooding issues. However, the separation of the wastewater system will marginally increase the capacity of the existing combined pipes for dedicated stormwater flows. In addition, by taking the wastewater out of the combined stormwater pipe, this project will reduce any potential wastewater odours and wastewater related gross pollutants from the street stormwater gully pits which are currently experienced during flooding events.

1.4 Scope of this REF

Sydney Water is a statutory state-owned corporation and is classified as a public authority under Section 4 of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (EP&A Act). Sydney Water is also the determining authority for the proposed work under Part 5 of the Act.

Under section 111 of the EP&A Act, Sydney Water is responsible for assessing the impacts of its activities. This REF assesses the potential environmental impacts associated with construction and operation of the project. This REF also identifies the measures that need to be put in place to avoid or minimise potential environmental impacts of the project.

These potential impacts have been considered against the matters listed in clause 228 of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Regulation 2000 (EP&A Regulation) and are summarised in Appendix A of this REF.

2. Stakeholder and community consultation

2.1 Consultation objectives

Sydney Water has prepared a Community and Stakeholder Engagement Plan (CSEP) for the project. The CSEP ensures that the community and key stakeholders are provided with clear, accurate and timely information.

Consultation with key stakeholders will continue throughout the design, construction and operation of the project, with community members being consulted where the project directly impacts them. During construction, consultation would be undertaken by Sydney Water and the Contractor responsible for delivering the project.

The CSEP identifies stakeholders with an interest in the project, and in particular identifies those who could provide valuable input into the decision making process.

The CSEP lists the following objectives:  correctly identify directly and indirectly affected landowners and other stakeholders, including government agencies and interest groups  identify issues likely to be of high community/stakeholder concern and determine the level of risk to the development of the project  raise the level of community satisfaction and ensure Sydney Water’s reputation is protected and enhanced  incorporate stakeholder views into the CSEP for the project.

2.2 Social analysis

The project sites that will generate the greatest impacts to the local community fall within the statistical suburbs of Woolloomooloo and Darlinghurst and have a combined area of approximately 1.3km2.

The brief social analysis concluded that both suburbs are high density urban environments composed of primarily multi-unit dwellings (MUDs) with high numbers of rental properties with a substantial proportion owned by Housing NSW. There is also substantial diversity in the population. This means consultation during construction needs to be inclusive and non- discriminative.

The following provides a summary of the key community characteristics within these areas which may influence the consultation program adopted for the project. Information was primarily sourced from the Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing (ABS, 2011).

Community characteristics

In general, population characteristics for Woolloomooloo and Darlinghurst are quite similar to the wider state of NSW, however, both suburbs have a slightly lower rate of English being the only language spoken at home. While the data does not provide an indication of whether dual languages are spoken at home, it does identify that the project may require translation services.

Household characteristics

Woolloomooloo and Darlinghurst have significantly higher numbers of MUDs than the NSW norm, with these types of dwellings comprising 76.2 % and 75.6% of the suburbs housing compared with the wider state of NSW with 18.8%. This is in keeping with the high density environment of the urban suburbs.

Key household ownership

Woolloomooloo and Darlinghurst both have substantially higher rates of rental properties 72.1 % and 60 %, when compared to NSW’s 30.1%. The high portion of rental property will need to be factored into consultation, specifically the potential requirement to consult with both owners and residents of properties.

Furthermore 21.9% of rental properties in Woolloomooloo are rented from Housing NSW compared with 4.4% within NSW. As a result, Housing NSW is being engaged early during project planning and will continue to be consulted throughout project development.

Homelessness

New South Wales has the highest rate of homelessness in Australia, with 28,191 experiencing homelessness at the 2011 Census. About 3.7 % of the total of NSW homeless lives in the suburbs of Darlinghurst (total 476) and Potts Point/Woolloomooloo (total 576) (ABS, 2011). Whilst unlikely to have impacts at this stage of the project, the potential impacts on the homeless population during construction could potentially be significant and result in displacement. Consultation with this demographic will be required during later stages of the project.

Housing affordability, income, education and employment Housing affordability, income, education and employment are indicative of the disparity of the local demographics of the suburbs of Woolloomooloo and Darlinghurst. Both the suburbs show higher median household weekly incomes, mortgage repayments and rent. Attendance at educational institutions is similar to the NSW average. These statistics highlight the need to ensure that consultation is inclusive and applicable across a wide range of demographics.

Educational attendance In general attendance at an educational institution is similar within the suburbs as the wider state. At the time of the ABS Census, 2011:  31.0% of people in Woolloomooloo were attending an educational institution. Of these, 5.7% were in primary school, 4.6% in secondary school and 24.6% in a tertiary or technical institution  28.5% of people in Darlinghurst were attending an educational institution. Of these, 3.8% were in primary school, 2.8% in secondary school and 36.1% in a tertiary or technical institution  30.9% of people in New South Wales were attending an educational institution. Of these, 25.7% were in primary school, 21.2% in secondary school and 22.1% in a tertiary or technical institution.

Employment characteristics According to the ABS Census, 2011, full time employment is higher in Woolloomooloo (69.8%) and Darlinghurst (72%) than NSW (60.2%); however, part time employment is lower at 19.1% in the suburbs compared with 28.2 % in the state.

Access to the internet The following provides an indication of the percentage of residences with access to the internet at home within the project area’s during the ABS Census, 2011:  79.1% Woolloomooloo  86.8% Darlinghurst  76.3% NSW State. Based on this it is considered that use of the internet as a means of communication and consultation with the community, will include and capture a substantial portion of the community.

2.3 Consultation during the REF

During the concept design and planning phases of the project, meetings were held with a large number of local stakeholders. Table 1 summarises the stakeholders consulted to date.

Table 1: Summary of local stakeholders identified to date

Stakeholder group Stakeholders

 Housing NSW State Government Agencies  NSW Police – Kings Cross Local Area Command  NSW Ambulance – Metropolitan Division  NSW Fire and Rescue  NSW State Emergency Service  Department of Family and Community Services  Transport for NSW  Roads and Maritime Service  Sydney Trains  Railcorp  Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust  City of Sydney Local Government and related Groups  Inner City Regional Council  Local Member for Sydney

Stakeholder group Stakeholders

 Woolloomooloo Neighbourhood Advisory Board Community and environment Groups  Homelessness NSW (Woolloomooloo)  St Vincent de Paul Society

 Show us your Woolloomooloo  Greening Woolloomooloo  Hope Street  Walla Mulla Family and Community Support  Ozanam Learning Centre  Artspace Sydney  United Way Australia  PCYC Woolloomooloo Woolloomooloo Youth Program  Woolloomooloo Integrated Service Hub (WISH)  Metropolitan Aboriginal Land Council  Potts Point Partnership  East Sydney Neighbourhood Association  Sydney Business Chamber Business  Darlinghurst Business Partners  Three Saints Square Project  The Finger Wharf, Woolloomooloo  The Finger Wharf Woolloomooloo – National Facilities Management Pty Ltd  InterPark – Domain Carpark operator  Thrifty Car Rental, Domain Carpark  Domain Apartments – Towers Building Property Management Pty Ltd.  East Sydney Private Hospital Other  John Passmore Museum of Art  SCEGGS, Darlinghurst  Herschco Investments – 75 Crown Street owner  Directly impacted residents in and around the proposed work sites

2.3.1 Key government stakeholder feedback

The following provides a summary of feedback received by key government stakeholders to date.

City of Sydney Feedback and recommendations provided by City of Sydney (CoS) are as follows:  provided a list of recommended key community stakeholders for inclusion in the consultation program  provided recommendations regarding the most productive means of approaching and engaging the community

 CoS are in the process of engaging with the community about flood mitigation in the Woolloomooloo area  indicated that there was a Memorandum of Understanding between CoS & Sydney Water to address road restoration, however, this was yet to be formally approved  indicated that solutions to flooding concerns in/around Riley Street/ Stream Street were currently being assessed  CoS indicated that there is likely to be strong community support for such an initiative, however, advised that there is a risk that the community may regard wastewater separation as equivalent to flood mitigation.

NSW Family and Community Services – Land and Housing Corporation (FACS)

FACS representatives advised that project team should be mindful that wastewater separation is not viewed or construed to be a flood mitigation measure.

FACS advised that they regularly received complaints about odour and overflows (6 faults per week). Sydney Water advised that these complaints were not always visible and that FACS should ensure that they should be onward reported so that they are captured in Sydney Water’s Customer Management System. 2.3.2 Key community stakeholder feedback

Stakeholder representatives were very receptive to the project and keen that it was undertaken due to the social benefit it will provide. Stakeholders showed an interest in having ongoing involvement in the projects development. The following provides a summary of feedback received to date on the project from key community stakeholders.

Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust

The stakeholder noted that here has been some interest shown by other parties for the use of land along the proposed alignment, particularly the area outside the Domain carpark expected to be used as a bus layover when work on the CBD light rail project starts.

The project team identified that the Domain carpark has unexpectedly high water usage and suggested that the stakeholder undertake an investigation into the potential cause. It was confirmed that there are a number of different water meters currently in use throughout the Domain, including the carpark which is on a separate meter.

There is a commercial arrangement currently in place between the Trust and InterPark (operators of the Domain carpark). All matters relating to this section of land, including the State heritage listing, are managed by the Trust’s Commercial Manager.

SCEGGS Darlinghurst

Engagement activities included telephone calls, emails and an onsite meeting. The stakeholder appreciated being engaged at an early phase of the project and indicated that they are happy to work closely with Sydney Water to minimise any impacts during the construction phase of the project. The stakeholder’s key concerns mostly include temporary loss of on-street parking, pedestrian safety, potential impacts on school buses and noise and dust impacts on students and staff during construction.

Herschco Investments (75 Crown Street owner)

Engagement activities included telephone calls, emails and an onsite meeting. The stakeholder appreciated being engaged at an early phase of the project and indicated that they are happy to

work closely with Sydney Water to minimise any impacts during the construction phase of the project. Their key concerns were potential loss of on-street parking, construction noise and dust, access to their loading dock, parking garage and residential entrance during construction. The stakeholder has requested at least eight weeks’ notice before construction work starts at this location.

2.4 Summary of matters identified

A summary of the key matters raised during stakeholder consultation undertaken to date is provided in Table 2.

Table 2: Summary of consultation matters to date

Category Matters raised

Ownership Clarification from City of Sydney around ownership and responsibility for new stormwater assets. City of Sydney requested further information about technical, cost and compliance impacts of options proposed.

Project outcomes Managing expectations for project outcomes. Community were unsure that separating the wastewater will not stop flooding.

Sensitive receivers Potential for work to impact sensitive receivers in the area. As there are a significant number of homeless people who sleep rough in this area, wanted to be sure their shelters and their storage areas will be minimally impacted by work. Additional sensitive receivers who may experience noise or traffic impacts from construction work include educational facilities, places of worship, local businesses and residents in high density housing.

Community financial Concerns about equity issues and financial stress if property owners/ stress Housing NSW are required to partially or fully fund, plumbing rectification work (if needed). Sydney Water may be seen as imposing an unfair on owners or Housing NSW.

Environmental A perceived increase in visual waste/rubbish pollution in Woolloomooloo Bay as a result of new wastewater separation from original stormwater system. Environmental risks as a result of perceived increase in gross pollutants/ rubbish.

Changes in traffic The potential impact partial lane or road closures, will have on the traffic conditions in the area including public transport, and privately own cars and delivery vehicles. Clear notice of changes will need to be provided. This may include variable message signage.

Hours of work/impact Queries about work hours and the potential impact on business and on business residents in the area. This work is also within a well-known entertainment operations/residential district. Any night time works are likely to impact on residential amenity, properties including disturbing sleep, as well as business trade.

Impacts on street Not all properties have off-street parking, residents and visitors to the parking area may have limited options for parking.

Category Matters raised

Access to private During construction, there were queries as to whether people will be able property to access properties and businesses as needed or whether it will be restricted during construction.

Noise and vibration Queries about the levels of noise and vibration likely to be caused during generated by the construction and the impact on people’s ability to sleep without construction work and discomfort. potential for sleep disturbance.

2.5 Consultation on REF Key stakeholders and the community will be invited to comment on the REF. The REF will be available to download on Sydney Water Talk (www.sydneywatertalk.com.au) for a period of three weeks from 11 April 2016 to 9 May 2016 and key stakeholders will be notified.

Sydney Water will send a copy of the REF to City of Sydney Council and other key stakeholders for their review.

Sydney Water invites written submissions from public authorities, interested groups, organisations and the community. Send submissions by 9 May 2016 to:

Renee Attard Senior Environmental Scientist Sydney Water PO Box 339 Parramatta NSW 2124

Send enquiries to: [email protected]

Submissions must be in writing and may comment on any aspect of the project or REF.

At the end of the public display period, all submissions received will be considered and a Decisions Report prepared.

2.6 Further consultation

Sydney Water will continue to maintain regular contact with the local community with regards to the project. Prior to construction starting, information about the project start date and working hours will be made available on Sydney Water Talk webpage.

Throughout construction of the project, the construction contractor will be required to work with Sydney Water to do consultation in line with the overall plan for the project. As part of this consultation, the construction contractor will keep the community informed and manage issues and complaints that may arise.

Complaints management during construction of the project will be in accordance with the existing Sydney Water Customer Complaint Policy and Procedure.

Following commissioning of the project, Sydney Water’s standard policies and procedures for customer and community relations will apply. These policies and procedures are available on Sydney Water’s website.

2.7 ISEPP Consultation

The State Environmental Planning Policy (Infrastructure) 2007 (ISEPP) contains provisions for public authorities such as Sydney Water to consult with local councils and other public authorities prior to the commencement of certain types of development. The project will be undertaken wholly within the City of Sydney Local Government Area. The ISEPP consultation requirements are detailed below in Table 3 and the CoS will be provided with a copy of this REF for comment.

Table 3: ISEPP consultation requirements

Is consultation with council or other agencies required under clauses 13-15 of the ISEPP?

Are the works likely to have a substantial impact on No. The project will not require the the stormwater management services which are interruption of any existing stormwater provided by council? management services managed by council.

Are the works likely to generate traffic to an extent Yes. Construction of the new wastewater that will strain the existing road system in a local pipe will require the closure of traffic lanes, government area? which will generate traffic impacts. Works will need to be undertaken in accordance with road occupancy licences issued by RMS and in consultation with the City of Sydney Council.

Additional vehicle movements will be required during construction period to carry construction materials and machineries to the site and disposal of the spoil. Impacts will need to be managed in consultation with council.

Operation of the project will not generate any additional traffic beyond the current combined system.

Will the works involve connection to a council No. The project will connect to the Sydney owned sewerage system? If so, will this connection Water owned wastewater system. have a substantial impact on the capacity of the system?

Will the works involve connection to a council No. The project does not involve owned water supply system? If so, will this require connections with any council owned water the use of a substantial volume of water? supply system. No works are proposed that will impact upon any water supply system.

Will the works involve the installation of a temporary Yes. The project will involve the installation structure on, or the enclosing of, a public place of temporary structures, laydown areas and which is under local council management or the potential enclosing of public places control? If so, will this cause more than a minor or which are managed by council. Impacts will inconsequential disruption to pedestrian or vehicular need to be managed in consultation with flow? council.

Is consultation with council or other agencies required under clauses 13-15 of the ISEPP?

Will the works involve more than a minor or Yes. The project will be undertaken within inconsequential excavation of a road or adjacent existing roads, road reserves and footpath for which council is the roads authority and footpaths. Impacts will be managed in responsible for maintenance? consultation with council.

Are the works located on flood liable land? If so, will Yes. The project will be undertaken in the works change flooding patterns to a more than areas subject to flooding. The Contractor minor extent? will need to plan for this to minimise risks during construction. During operation, the project will not change existing flooding patterns.

Is there a local heritage item (that is not also a state Yes. The project will be located within heritage item) or a heritage conservation item in the heritage conservation areas and adjacent study area for the works? If yes, does a heritage to locally listed heritage items. However, assessment indicate that the potential impacts to construction impacts will be managed to the item/area are more than minor or ensure that minimal impacts to heritage inconsequential? conservation areas and items will occur.

Are the works adjacent to a national park, nature No reserve or other area reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974?

Are the works adjacent to a declared aquatic No reserve under the Fisheries Management Act 1994?

Are the works adjacent to a declared marine park No under the Marine Parks Act 1997?

Are the works in the Sydney Harbour Foreshore No Area as defined by the Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority Act 1998?

Do the works involve the installation of a fixed or No floating structure in or over navigable waters?

Are the works for the purpose of residential No development, an educational establishment, a health services facility, a correctional facility or group home in bush fire prone land?

3. Legislation and planning context

This section describes the planning framework that the project is assessed under and relevant provisions of other State and Commonwealth legislation.

3.1 Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979

The NSW Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (EP&A Act) and its associated regulations provide the framework for assessing environmental impacts and determining environmental approvals for developments and activities in New South Wales (NSW). The EP&A Act also establishes State Environmental Planning Policies (SEPPs) and Local Environmental Plans (LEPs) which may include provisions relevant to the project.

Under the EP&A Act, Sydney Water is classified as a proponent and a determining authority (under Part 5 of the Act). A project can be assessed by a determining authority under Part 5 of the Act if it:  may be carried out without a development consent  is carried out, or approved, by a determining authority  is not a prohibited development.

The project does not require development consent under Part 4 of the EP&A Act (refer Section 3.2.1), and is not classified as State Significant Infrastructure under Part 5.1. Therefore, the project has been assessed under Part 5 of the EP&A Act.

This REF has been prepared to determine if the project is likely to have a significant impact on the environment. Under section 112 of the EP&A Act, if a determining authority decides an activity is likely to significantly affect the environment, it must prepare an environmental impact statement. This project is unlikely to have a significant impact on the environment.

Clause 228 of the EP&A Regulation lists factors that must be taken into account when considering the likely impact of an activity on the environment. Appendix A includes a consideration of these factors for this project.

3.2 State and Regional Environmental Planning Policies

3.2.1 State Environmental Planning Policy (Infrastructure) 2007

The aim of the State Environmental Planning Policy (Infrastructure) 2007 (ISEPP) is to facilitate the effective delivery of infrastructure across NSW. Section 106 (wastewater) and 111 (stormwater) are relevant to the project and state:

106 (3) Development for the purpose of sewage reticulation systems may be carried out:

(a) by or on behalf of a public authority or any person licensed under the Water Industry Competition Act 2006 without consent on any land, and

(b) by any other person with consent on any land. However, such development may be carried out on land reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 (NPW Act) only if the development is authorised by or under that Act.

and

111 (1) Development for the purpose of stormwater management systems may be carried out by or on behalf of a public authority without consent on any land.

This project involves construction of wastewater (sewage) and stormwater systems and will not be carried out on land reserved under the NPW Act. On this basis and as a public authority, Sydney Water does not require development consent for the project.

Division 1 of the ISEPP identifies consultation requirements that public authorities must carry out with other agencies in relation to the project it undertakes. Section 2.7 of the REF identifies consultation undertaken with council in accordance with ISEPP requirements.

3.2.2 Sydney Regional Environmental Plan (Sydney Harbour Catchment) 2005

The project areas fall within the broader ‘Sydney Harbour Catchment’ area as defined in the Sydney Regional Environmental Plan (SREP) (Sydney Harbour Catchment) 2005. Woolloomooloo Bay itself falls within the ‘Foreshores and Waterways’ area. The aims of this SREP include: (a) to ensure that the catchment, foreshores, waterways and islands of Sydney Harbour are recognised, protected, enhanced and maintained: (i) as an outstanding natural asset, and (ii) as a public asset of national and heritage significance, for existing and future generations, (b) to ensure a healthy, sustainable environment on land and water, (c) to achieve a high quality and ecologically sustainable urban environment… The works proposed as part of this project are consistent with and will help contribute to the realisation of these aims by reducing wastewater related overflows to Woolloomooloo Bay.

3.3 Sydney Local Environment Plan 2012

The project is located within the City of Sydney’s Local Government Area with the main planning instrument relevant to the project being the Sydney Local Environment Plan (LEP) 2012.

The ISEPP provisions (section 3.2.1 above) override the requirements of the LEP, making the project permissible without development consent from City of Sydney. According to the ISEPP, the consent provisions of the LEP do not apply and Sydney Water will assess the project under Part 5 of the EP&A Act.

3.4 Other NSW legislation

Other NSW legislation that has been considered in relation to the project include:

National Parks and Wildlife Act

The National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 (NPW Act) is administered by the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Services (NPWS) through the Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH), which is responsible under this legislation for protecting and caring for native flora and fauna, and Aboriginal places and objects throughout the State.

Under Section 86 of this Act, it is an offense to harm or desecrate an Aboriginal place or object unless the project was authorised by an Aboriginal heritage impact permit, or where the defendant reasonably determined that no Aboriginal object will be harmed.

No native vegetation is proposed to be impacted as part of this project; this is further discussed in section 6. An Aboriginal due diligence assessment has been undertaken as part of this REF (discussed further in section 6) which concludes that the works may proceed with caution and no further archaeological work is required.

Threatened Species Conservation Act

Protection of listed species and ecological communities in NSW falls under the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (TSC Act). OEH administers the TSC Act, which relates to conserving biological diversity and promoting ecologically sustainable development.

Identified species, populations, ecological communities and key threatening processes are listed in the Schedules of this Act. The TSC Act also refers to offences listed in the NPW Act relating to harming biota and damaging critical habitat.

The project is in a highly modified urban landscape. No threatened species, populations or ecological communities or habitat is likely to be impacted by the project.

Heritage Act 1977

The Heritage Act 1977 aims to conserve environmental heritage in NSW. It defines environmental heritage as places, buildings, relics, moveable objects and precincts that have State or local heritage significance.

Heritage places and items of particular importance to the people of NSW are listed on the NSW State Heritage Register (SHR). Construction works for this project will take place adjacent to heritage items, listed on the SHR and on the LEP. The works will also take place within heritage conservation areas, as listed on the LEP. The location of these heritage items and conservation areas in relation to the project are detailed further in section 6.

Installation of new wastewater infrastructure will be required in the Domain carpark, which is within the curtilage of the ‘Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain’ SHR listing (# 01070). During detailed design, a section 60 approval will be obtained from the Heritage Council of NSW for work within the curtilage of the SHR listed item, however, the project is unlikely to affect the heritage significance of the item given the new infrastructure will be underground.

No other impact to State or locally listed heritage items, archaeological relics, or heritage conservation areas are expected as a result of the project, provided the mitigation measures contained within this REF are implemented.

Section 139 of the Heritage Act 1977 prohibits a person from disturbing or excavating any land on which the person has discovered or exposed, or is likely to disturb a relic, except in accordance with an excavation permit or a notification granting exception for the permit. A heritage due diligence assessment was undertaken which concluded that all works will be undertaken within previously disturbed areas (road reserve and pavements) with limited possibility of encountering relics.

Contaminated Land Management Act 1997

The Contaminated Land Management Act 1997 (CLM Act) aims to promote better management of contaminated land. The general objective of the Act, stated in section 3(1), is to:

‘…establish a process for investigating and (where appropriate) remediating land that the EPA considers to be contaminated significantly enough to require regulation under Division 2 of Part 3.’

A particular objective set out in section 3(2)(d), is ‘to ensure that contaminated land is managed with regard to the principles of ecologically sustainable development.’

There are no sites which are listed on the EPA’s contaminated site register in the vicinity of the project. The project is not expected to trigger the requirements of the CLM Act.

Water Management Act 2000 and Water Act 1912

The objective of the Water Management Act 2000 (WM Act) is the sustainable and integrated management of waterways and groundwater in NSW. The WM Act is progressively replacing provisions of the Water Act 1912 (Water Act). Under the WM Act the entitlement to access water is separated from the approval for use of water. Sydney Water does not intent to ‘use’ water as part of the project. However, groundwater may be intercepted as part of construction activities. Accessing groundwater is still regulated under Part 5 of the Water Act, and is subject to the Department of Primary Industries (Office of Water) NSW Aquifer Interference Policy (DPI, 2012).

Where groundwater is likely to be encountered, the volumes will be determined during detailed design and a water access licence under Part 5 of the Water Act obtained from DPI Water, if required.

Protection of the Environment Operations Act 1997

The Protection of the Environment Operations Act 1997 (POEO Act) is the main piece of NSW environmental legislation covering water land, air and noise pollution and waste management. Under sections 116 and 120 of the Act, it is illegal to pollute or cause or permit pollution of waters and an offence to wilfully or negligently cause any substance to leak, spill or otherwise escape in a manner that harms or is likely to harm the environment. If a pollution incident occurs during an activity and it causes or threatens ‘material harm’ to the environment, by law the appropriate regulatory authority – either the local council or EPA must be notified.

Under the POEO Act, the EPA is the regulatory authority for activities carried out by State or public authorities, activities requiring a licence (outlined in Schedule 1 of the POEO Act) and other activities for which a licence regulating water pollution is required.

Sydney Water currently holds Environmental Protection Licence (EPL) Number 1688 under the POEO Act, which allows for the operation of the Bondi Wastewater Treatment System (WTS). Under this licence, Sydney Water must manage, operate and maintain the reticulation system and plant to ensure ongoing improvement. The dry weather flows in the Woolloomooloo area are captured and directed for treatment to the Bondi WWTP. One of the objectives of this project is to reduce wet weather overflows to Woolloomooloo Bay to meet EPL requirements.

Roads Act 1993

The Roads Act 1993 is administered by the Roads and Maritime services (RMS) for classified roads, or by local councils in the case of non-classified roads. Under Section 138, Part 9, Division 3 of the Roads Act 1993, a person must not impact or carry out work on or over a public road without the consent of the appropriate roads authority.

The project crosses RMS managed roads of William Street and Darlinghurst Road. Sydney Water will consult with RMS to determine road occupancy, likely traffic management requirements and give adequate notice before construction begins, as required by the Sydney Water Act 1994.

Most roads within the construction area are unclassified roads under the care and control of the City of Sydney (CoS). Under section 138 of the Roads Act 1993, a public authority does not require a road authority’s consent to exercise its functions in, or over an unclassified road other than a Crown road. As a public authority, Sydney Water does not require consent from the CoS to work on unclassified roads. However, Sydney Water will continue to incorporate CoS input into the detailed design and construction of the project.

Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Act 2001

The Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Act 2001 (WARR Act) provides a framework to avoid waste and recover resources. The WARR Act sets out eight objectives that aim to ensure that the impacts of waste on the environment are minimised through the application of the waste hierarchy, increasing efficiency and implementing programs to assist waste reduction.

The project will manage waste in accordance with the WARR Act by adopting the Resource Management Hierarchy principles (in order of priority) of Avoidance, Resource Recovery and Disposal. Construction waste (such as surplus excavated material) will be generated as a result of the proposed activities and will be managed in accordance with the Waste Classification Guidelines (EPA, 2014).

3.5 Commonwealth legislation

Protection of the Environment Operations Act 1997

Under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), approval is required from the Commonwealth Minister for the Environment, for any action likely to have a significant impact on a matter of national environmental significance (NES) or work on Commonwealth land. The EPBC Act identifies matters of NES as:  World heritage properties  National heritage places  wetlands of international importance – RAMSAR wetlands  listed threatened species and ecological communities  migratory species protected under international agreements  Commonwealth marine areas  Great Barrier Reef Marine Park  nuclear actions  protection of water resources from coal seam gas development and large coal mining development.

No matters of NES or land owned by the Commonwealth will be impacted by the project.

4. Alternatives and justification for the project

4.1 Objectives

4.2 Project need The project is part of the Hot Spots 3 Wet Weather Overflow Abatement program (the Program). This Program is required to demonstrate Sydney Water’s commitment to achieving ongoing environmental improvement to the EPA, as part of its Environmental Protection Licences. The specific need for the Woolloomooloo area is to reduce wet weather overflows and meet condition U2.2 of the Bondi EPL that states that the wet weather overflow frequency is to be reduced to 20 events per 10 years from 2021.

4.3 Consideration of alternatives

The following section is an overview of the alternatives that were considered and assessed to determine the most efficient and effective design for the project. They were:  do nothing  pipe in pipe  construction of new stormwater pipes and retain existing combined pipe as wastewater  separate pressure wastewater system and retain existing combined pipe as stormwater  construction of new wastewater pipes and retain existing combined pipe as stormwater.

Do nothing

A ‘do nothing’ scenario was not considered as it would not meet the overall project objectives of reducing wet weather overflows in the Bondi Wastewater Treatment Systems to meet the requirements of Sydney Water’s EPL (#1688).

As the project is seeking to separate combined wastewater and stormwater portions of the network there are no viable alternatives available other than the do nothing scenario. The locations of the

existing sections of combined network to be separated are a result of historical network construction. These same areas need to be accessed to enable the separation works to proceed.

Pipe in pipe option

A review of the existing combined system was undertaken to assess the feasibility of installing new wastewater pipes inside the existing combined pipes (Ensure, 2015c). This approach would present an opportunity to minimise construction impacts such as traffic and noise for the community, as excavation of trenches is not required to install a new pipe inside an existing pipe. Excavation of launch and receival pits at either end would be required.

The existing combined pipelines in the project area are generally DN 300 and 400, and the trunk lines are brick oviform wastewater pipes. The size of the proposed new wastewater pipes range from DN 150 to DN 375. The ‘pipe in pipe’ option is therefore only feasible in the larger oviform pipes, which are limited to the downstream end of the Stream Street separation where the oviform is large enough to enable the installation of a new pipe inside. The length of this section is about 290m and is therefore a very small percentage of the total length (5km) of new wastewater pipes which are required as part of this project.

Installation of a pipe within the oviform section would reduce the capacity of the pipe to accept stormwater flows, which would in turn exacerbate current localised flooding issues in the area.

In view of the very short section where ‘pipe in pipe’ is possible and the significant reduction in capacity which would increase flooding in the areas, this option was not considered feasible for this project.

Construction of new stormwater pipes and retain existing combined pipe as wastewater

The option to construct new larger stormwater pipes was considered. The catchment is drained by a series of pits (inlets), pipes and overland flow paths into Woolloomooloo Bay. Sydney Water owns larger trunk/combined wastewater-stormwater assets and the rest of the stormwater assets owned by City of Sydney Council.

If the existing pipes were used as wastewater, instead of stormwater as proposed, they would be considered oversized for their application. In addition, larger stormwater pipes would need to be laid since the existing capacity is not considered adequate.

A flood management study was commissioned by Sydney Water and City of Sydney Council. The study noted that the drainage characteristics of this catchment have been significantly altered as a result of urbanisation over the past 100 years that had significant impacts on drainage behaviour.

Significant flooding occurs in a number of locations such as Stream Street, Busby’s Lane, Crown Street, Palmer Street, Cowper Wharf Road, Bourke Street and Victoria Street.

Although it was noted that the amplification of stormwater capacity in this catchment will produce a range of benefits to the area’s flood risk, it was not considered suitable and discarded due to the following reasons:  drainage from the catchment is influenced by high tides in Woolloomooloo Bay i.e. tidal influences may occur in conjunction with rainfall events. Hence it may not resolve flooding issues despite amplification  the area is surrounded with high density housing and local businesses, heritage listed structures, limited open space, major infrastructures e.g. Cross City Tunnel and Eastern Distributor and services which will pose construction issues  it will be prohibitively expensive as it involves very large capacity pipes. It has low cost benefit ratio and will have major community impacts during construction.

Pressure wastewater systems

The possibility of installing a new pressure wastewater system was also investigated (Ensure, 2015c). The advantage of a pressure wastewater system is that the pipes are smaller and shallower, compared to a conventional gravity wastewater system. This system would reduce construction time and the amount of excavation required, which would in turn have less environmental and community impacts. The solution is only viable if all the properties in a street are connected.

However, a pressure wastewater system also requires the installation of a pot (approximately 1m wide by 2m deep wastewater collection chamber) and a pump on the private properties. The Woolloomooloo area is densely urbanised, with most properties built boundary to boundary with no space to install a pot. It is also expected that most customers would be reluctant to accept a pressure wastewater system given the costs to run (energy), regular maintenance requirements and loss of service during power outages or breakdowns. As customers have been serviced by a gravity system to date, they have not incurred these costs to date.

Based on lack of available space within private properties and anticipated resistance from customers, a pressure wastewater system was not considered feasible for this project.

Construction of a new wastewater pipes and retain existing combined pipe as stormwater

Construction of new wastewater pipes adjacent to the existing combined pipe was selected as the preferred option. The existing property service lines are currently connected to the combined pipe and will need to be reconnected to the new wastewater pipe. Therefore, alternate alignments for the new wastewater pipes are not feasible.

Due to the presence of a large number of other underground services (refer to Appendix B for Concept Plans), the concept design is also constrained by the remaining space within the road reserve having consideration to the following existing services:  water mains  natural gas mains (low pressure and high pressure)  electricity cables (low and high voltages)  telecommunications (copper and optic fibre)  stormwater  RMS and Sydney Trains cabling and tunnels.

While the location of the new wastewater pipes is fixed, there are some alternatives available in regards to construction methodology. The two primary methods of construction are:  trenching – open excavation to lay a new pipe directly within the excavated trench prior to backfilling and reinstatement of existing road surface  under boring – excavation of a launch and receival pit for use of an under boring machine to create a tunnel for the pipe to be installed in below ground.

A number of factors need to be considered when using underboring including the suitability of the geology, proximity to other services, proximity to other buildings or structures and the required depth and direction of the piping. In addition, the existing house connection lines need to be reconnected to the new wastewater pipe which would involve open excavation (trenching) anyway, therefore limiting the value of underboring on this project.

4.4 Consideration of principles of Ecologically Sustainable Development

The most common and broadest definition of Ecologically Sustainable Development (ESD) is ‘development that improves the quality of life, both now and in the future, in a way that maintains the ecological processes on which life depends’ (Environment Australia, 1992). The project must be considered in accordance with the four principles of ESD as outlined in section 6(2) of the Protection of the Environment Administration Act 1991 and Schedule 2 of the EP&A Regulation. The precautionary principle - The project will not result in serious or irreversible environmental damage and there is no scientific uncertainty relating to the project. A separate wastewater and stormwater system in the Woolloomooloo area is required to be consistent with the rest of Sydney Water’s area of operations. The project will reduce wastewater discharges to the receiving waterways during wet weather and hence will have positive impact to the environment.

Inter-generational equity - The project will help in addressing the needs of future generations living in the area by providing separate wastewater and stormwater systems and by minimising wet weather overflows in the Bondi WTS (including Woolloomooloo Bay). The project will use resources judiciously and is unlikely to negatively impact the health, diversity and productivity of the environment during construction. During operation, it will positively contribute to better public health outcomes by reducing wastewater overflows into Woolloomooloo Bay.

Conservation of biological diversity and ecological integrity - The project will not impact adversely on any biodiversity or ecological integrity, as the works will be carried out in a built up urban area. Appropriate safeguards will be in place during construction to minimise any impacts on street trees.

Improved valuation, pricing and incentive mechanisms - Economic, social, environmental and financial criteria were used to determine the preferred option.

The principles of Ecologically Sustainable Development have been incorporated from the project planning, through to and as part of, the environmental assessment process. The potential environmental risks associated with the project have been identified. Appropriate mitigation measures have been recommended for implementation during the construction and operational phases (refer to section 6).

5. Project Description

5.1 Scope of Work

Construction of new wastewater / stormwater pipes

The project seeks to separate remaining sections of the combined wastewater and stormwater system which lie in the suburbs of Darlinghurst, Potts Point and Woolloomooloo and which drain to Woolloomooloo Bay. The project predominantly includes establishing new wastewater mains to replace existing combined wastewater and stormwater mains. In the majority of instances the former combined main will be maintained as a stormwater main. The project also includes the installation of some small sections of new stormwater mains to provide drainage to properties or streets which would have previously drained to the combined network. A series of manholes will also be required at locations along the new wastewater pipes to provide access for future maintenance.

The project has been divided into five construction packages of work based on the discrete sub- catchments:  Stream Street, Woolloomooloo  Brougham Lane, Potts Point and Darlinghurst Road, Darlinghurst  Forbes Street, Darlinghurst  Riley Street, Woolloomooloo  Womerah Avenue, Darlinghurst

Property Service lines

Re-connection of the existing property lines to the new wastewater pipe will be required, once the new wastewater pipe has been tested and commissioned. This will involve locating the existing boundary trap (located usually just outside the property boundary) and minor trenching to re-route the service line to connect into the new wastewater pipe.

Any changes to service lines (stormwater or wastewater pipes) within private property and up to the boundary trap are outside the scope of this project. There may be some properties, which due to their age, still have combined stormwater and wastewater drainage systems; however, separating stormwater and wastewater plumbing within properties is beyond the scope of this project.

Sealing interceptors

Interceptors are connections between wastewater and stormwater pipelines in combined wastewater and stormwater systems. Interceptors comprise a weir and a connecting pipe that joins the stormwater pipeline to the wastewater pipeline. A maintenance hole (also known as a manhole) is typically located above the joining of the connection pipe and the wastewater pipeline.

In areas serviced by combined wastewater and stormwater systems, wastewater and stormwater from the properties and street pits are connected to a single pipe. During dry weather, the wastewater flowing in the combined pipelines is managed at interceptors where a weir (also known as a diversion weir) diverts the wastewater to a pipe that connects to a dedicated wastewater pipeline. The weir is generally sized to prevent dry weather flows overflowing the weir and discharging to local waterways.

During wet weather, flows in the combined pipeline include stormwater runoff from the street pits, properties and wastewater from premises. Depending on the size of the rainfall event and the height of the weir, wet weather flows generally above the overflow weir will be discharged to local waterways. Although the wastewater in these flows is diluted by the stormwater, its discharge to the environment without treatment could affect the water quality of aquatic environments and can potentially pose a health risk. A portion of the wet weather flow below the height of the weir crest will continue to be intercepted and diverted to the dedicated wastewater pipeline.

Interceptors (INT) will be decommissioned (or sealed) by removing the weir crest in the stormwater pipe and by closing (usually sealing with bricks and/ or concrete) the connection pipe between the stormwater pipeline and wastewater pipeline at both ends. The following interceptors will be decommissioned and sealed as part of this project:  Stream Street (INT 11)  Forbes Street (INT 12)  Brougham Lane (INT 15)  Riley Street (INT 16)

The Bourke Street (INT 14) will also be decommissioned as a separate sub-project (anticipated mid to late 2016). The scope of works for each section of the project is described in more detail below. 5.1.1 Stream Street

Figure 2 provides an overview of the Stream Street construction package and key environmental constraints.

Stream Street

Starting in Stream Street, it is proposed to locate the wastewater pipe within the road. At the upstream end it would run along the western side of the combined oviform pipe and then cross under the oviform to the eastern side. The depth of the proposed wastewater pipe in Stream Street would range between 3.0m and 4.0m. As Stream Street is a winding, single lane road and is frequently used to access properties, construction works would require temporary road closure for open trenching. Construction would therefore be done in short sections to minimise property access impacts.

Boundary traps for properties at 109 and 99 Riley Street (at the upstream end adjacent to Stanley Lane) are currently connected to the combined wastewater stormwater main. It is proposed to connect these to the existing wastewater in Stanley Lane via a short section of new pipe connecting into an existing maintenance hole in Stanley Lane. The remaining properties with boundary traps in Stream Street would be connected to the proposed wastewater pipe to be constructed in Stream Street.

Yurong Lane

In Yurong Lane it is proposed to run the wastewater pipe along the northern side. East of the existing combined pipe, there is an existing dedicated wastewater pipe in Yurong Lane (coming from Barnett Lane). Along this section, it is proposed to lay the new wastewater pipe in the same location as the existing pipe but grading towards Riley Street. This is feasible as the proposed wastewater pipe would be constructed and commissioned in stages from the downstream end. The existing wastewater pipe from Barnett Lane would be diverted before the construction of the wastewater pipe in Yurong Lane. The depth of the new wastewater pipe in this street is approximately 4m deep.

The properties on the western side of the existing combined pipe at the intersection of Yurong Lane and Stream Street would be serviced by a small extension of the proposed wastewater pipe in the eastern portion of Yurong Lane.

Riley Street

In the Riley Street section the proposed wastewater pipe would run along Riley Street from Yurong Lane, under William Street to Cathedral Street. The William Street crossing would be constructed as a trenchless section. The trenchless section would extend from Yurong Lane up to approximately 33-39 Riley Street. The depth of the wastewater pipe in this section is about 4m. The pipe would be located on the western side of Riley Street within the first lane adjacent to the footpath. The western side has been selected as there are several house services lines on this side, along with two wastewater lines (Busby Lane and Haig Lane).

The launch pit is proposed at 33-39 Riley Street and the receival pit at Yurong Lane. From 33-39 Riley Street up to Cathedral Street, the wastewater pipe would be constructed by open trenching (depth 3.5 – 4.0m). There are large trees in this section and to avoid roots, alternate construction methods for localised sections would be explored.

On the eastern side of Riley Street, between William Street and Kennedy Street, there are two property service lines that need to be connected to the proposed wastewater pipe. In order to achieve these connections a wastewater line would be laid by open trenching (2.5 – 3.0m depth) along the eastern side of Riley Street, from Suttor Street to just opposite 33-39 Riley Street, and then cross Riley Street to connect to the wastewater pipe along the western side. This wastewater pipe would be located within the first lane adjacent to the footpath. The crossing of Riley Street where the proposed route turns into Cathedral Street is proposed as an open trench section.

Busby Lane

The proposed wastewater pipe in Busby Lane would start at its upstream end from McCarthy Place and would connect to the wastewater pipe in Riley Street adjacent to 33-39 Riley Street. At its upstream end, it would service 52-54 and 60-70 William Street. The house service line from 52-54 William Street is deep and would need to cross under the combined oviform pipe. This governs the depth of the proposed wastewater pipe in Busby Lane.

The proposed wastewater pipe in Busby Lane would be located within the road, to the eastern side and approximately parallel to the existing combined pipe. The new pipe is proposed to the eastern side of the existing combined pipe as all house service lines are located on this side. The wastewater pipe would be constructed by open trenching and since Busby Lane is a single lane road, the construction would need to be done in short sections to reduce the impact of full road closure.

Cathedral Street

There are several services running along Cathedral Street including underground power and gas running over the northern half of the road/footpath, combined wastewater/ stormwater pipe along the middle of the road, water main in the first lane adjacent to the southern footpath and communication cables in the southern footpath. There are two property connections and one wastewater line to be serviced by the proposed wastewater pipe and these are located on the southern side. The new wastewater pipe is therefore proposed to be located approximately midway between the water main and the existing combined pipe. The depth of the wastewater pipe in this section ranges between 3.3 and 3.5m.

Crown Street (between Cathedral Street and Sir John Young Crescent)

The section of Crown Street through which wastewater stormwater separation is required is congested with existing services, limiting the options for the location of the proposed wastewater

pipe. On the eastern side of the road, there are communication cables in the footpath, council stormwater in the first lane adjacent to the eastern footpath, combined wastewater stormwater pipe in the second lane, and a wastewater line in the middle of the road. On the western side, there are several electrical cables in the second lane, communication cables in the western footpath and a water main between Bossley Terrace and Cathedral Street. It is therefore proposed to locate the proposed wastewater pipe in the first lane adjacent to the western footpath.

As Crown Street has a high traffic load, this section is proposed to be built using a trenchless method. The launch pit for the trenchless section is proposed opposite 12 and 14 Crown Street and the receival pit could be located adjacent to 109 Cathedral Street (in Crown Street). The launch pit would be close to a High Voltage (HV) electricity cables. These cables may need to be relocated depending on the size of the pit. A local excavation is needed at the Cathedral Street and Crown Street intersection to connect the proposed wastewater pipe in Cathedral Street to the proposed wastewater pipe in Crown Street. The depth of the wastewater pipe in this section ranges between 3.5 and 3.7m.

From the launch pit, the proposed route crosses Crown Street to the front of 2 Crown Street. This section would also be built using a trenchless method. The pit will be located in the road (south bound left turn lane) in front of Crown Street. This will require closure of the left turn lane. The pit will be close to HV electricity cables. These cables may need to be relocated depending on the size of the pit.

Sir John Young Crescent

From Crown Street, the proposed wastewater route runs along Sir John Young Crescent and connects to the existing wastewater pipe near the Eastern Distributer toll booths. Sir John Young Crescent is a busy road with dedicated lanes to various parts of the city. In the middle is the Cross City Tunnel exit ramp, between the Cross City Tunnel and the southern footpath, the road has two- way traffic with one lane in each direction. To minimise traffic impacts, this section would be built using a trenchless method. The depth of the wastewater pipe ranges between 4.0 and 4.7m.

As described under Crown Street sub-section above, the launch pit would be located in the south bound left turn lane in front of 2 Crown Street. This location was selected to achieve a straight wastewater length along Sir John Young Crescent and to avoid existing services, property driveways, does not require intermediate pits and has the least impact on traffic in Sir John Young Crescent. The receival pit is located within a concrete paved island north of Palmer Street. This location has been selected to avoid impact on traffic coming from Palmer Street. The proposed route runs below the road kerb (4.5 m deep) adjacent to properties 6 to 10 Sir John Young Crescent.

Property 2-4, 6 and 8 Sir John Young Crescent currently discharge to the combined wastewater stormwater pipe. These properties would be serviced by a new wastewater pipe located within these private properties, on the western side of the combined pipe. This location has been selected as the depth of boundary traps is greater than the cover of the existing combined pipe, and crossing under the combined pipe makes them too deep to drain to the existing wastewater pipe in Palmer Street.

The proposed wastewater pipe would discharge to an existing maintenance hole, adjacent to the road barrier just outside the Easter Distributer motorway extents. This short section, from the receival pit in the concrete paved island to the existing maintenance hole, would be built by open trenching.

Crown Street (between Robinson Street and Cathedral Street)

A new wastewater pipe is required in Crown Street to service properties on the eastern side between 72 to 104 Crown Street and 90-100 William Street. There are a number of services in the eastern footpath. This means, the proposed wastewater pipe would be located in the first lane adjacent to the eastern footpath. It would be built by open trenching.

At Turner Lane, the proposed wastewater pipe would cross Crown Street and would then run along the western side. It would service 39 to 43 Crown Street. The wastewater pipe would be built by open trenching.

Turner Lane and Faucet Lane

There is an existing combined wastewater stormwater pipe in Faucet Lane. The upstream section between Robinson Street and Badham Street does not have any stormwater connections and would be used as a wastewater pipe. It would then be connected to a new wastewater pipe that would service the downstream properties. As all boundary traps are located on the eastern side, the new wastewater pipe would be located within the road, between the existing combined pipe and the eastern edge of the road at depths between 2.0 – 2.5m.

Along Turner Lane, the existing combined pipe runs approximately in the middle of the road. There is a water main running along the northern side between Palmer Street and Faucet Lane. This means the proposed wastewater pipe would be located between the existing combined pipe and the southern road edge at depths between 1.8 – 2.5m.

Domain Carpark

The Domain Carpark is planned to be serviced by a pressure wastewater system. The proposed pump unit would be located within the carpark at the front of the property on Sir John Young Crescent. The pressure main would cross the north bound lane of Sir John Young Crescent through the existing services duct of the Cross City Tunnel. Trenching or boring will not be needed to connect into the proposed new wastewater pipe in Sir John Young Crescent. This will be confirmed during detailed design stage. If the pressure option is not feasible, gravity option will be considered.

Stormwater Line

There is only one stormwater line required for the Stream Street portion of works. This is required to connect one gully pit at the corner of Riley Street and Broughton Street, to the combined wastewater stormwater pipe in Riley Street (to become dedicated stormwater pipe following completion of the project).

Interceptor 11

The interceptor at the corner of Palmer Street and Sir John Young Crescent will need to be sealed after the separation works have been finished. This will involve removing the weir wall and all flood flaps within the interceptor pit, repairing and making good floor and walls and finish flush with the existing seal outlet.

Summary of Stream Street works

The proposed works include the following:  about 1.3km of new wastewater pipe (DN ranging from 150 to 375)  10m of new stormwater pipe (DN300)  36 maintenance holes  reconnections to two existing ventshafts  re-connections of about 57 property connection lines.

H O S P NICHOLSON STREET IT A L R O A D

L I

HARMER STR EET T N E C S E R C S G T N M U Woolloomooloo Viaduct ARY O S RO Y Underbridge and columns AD HN CHARLES STREET JO SIR

AY W K R A P JUNCTION LANE G N O R U Y CATHEDRAL STR EET

R Woolloomooloo hexagonal B T ROUGHTON STREET S

combined sewer R E ST KILDA LANE CROSS LANE M

BOURKE STREET E E C A L LAC N STREET P KENNE P ACE G DY STREET N

PL A

CROW R

EGAN E

BOT M

O ROBI O SUTTOR S NSON STREET TAL BURRAHPORE PLACE B TREET CORFU S TREET

BES STREET

WILLIAM STRE FOR ET CROSS CITY TUNNEL

REET

YURONG STREET

RILEY S ST PETERS STRE ET

STANLEY STREET

LEGEND

Local Heritage LEP heritage Conservation Area nm Street trees to be retained where possible S170 Heritage Class 2 ASS layer (potential Proposed Sewer State Heritage Proposed Stormwater

Paper Size A4 ENSure Job Number 21-24371 025 50 100 Sydney Sewerage Revision B Stream Street Separation Date 10 Feb 2016 Metres Map Projection: Transverse Mercator Horizontal Datum: GDA 1994 Stream Street sewer separation works Grid: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 56 o & key environmental constraints for public display Figure 2

N:\AU\Sydney\Projects\21\24371\GIS\Maps\Deliverables\21_24371_Z005_Figure2_Enviro_Constraints_PublicDisplay.mxd Level 15, 133 Castlereagh Street Sydney NSW 2000 T 61 2 9239 7100 F 61 2 9239 7199 E [email protected] W www.ghd.com.au © 2016. Whilst every care has been taken to prepare this map, GHD and NSW DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, GEOSCIENCE AUSTRALIA, NSW DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY, NEARMAP IMAGERY make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose and cannot accept liability and responsibility of any kind (whether in contract, tort or otherwise) for any expenses, losses, damages and/or costs (including indirect or consequential damage) which are or may be incurred by any party as a result of the map being inaccurate, incomplete or unsuitable in any way and for any reason. Data Source: NSW Department of Lands: Cadastre - Jan 2014; Geoscience Australia: 250k Data - Jan 2014; NSW Department of Primary Industry - Jan 2014; Imagery (nearmap, extracted 25/02/2015). Created by: jrichardson 5.1.2 Brougham Lane

The Brougham Lane package of work will involve building a 300mm wastewater pipe through Brougham Lane and McElhone Street. The existing combined wastewater and stormwater pipe will be retained as a stormwater pipe. Figure 3 provides an overview of the Brougham Lane package of works and key environmental constraints.

The proposed wastewater pipe will be located within the road pavement, along McElhone Street and Brougham Lane. Works in McElhone Street would begin approximately 75m to the north of the intersection with Brougham Lane. Here the existing wastewater pipe would be intercepted and a new manhole constructed. A new wastewater pipe would be installed down the eastern side of McElhone Street, adjacent to the footpath and the depth would range between 1.5 and 2.7m. At the intersection with Brougham Lane manholes would be constructed to access both the new and existing wastewater pipes.

Construction would then continue east along Brougham Lane for the new wastewater pipe with works finishing prior to reaching the intersection with Brougham Street. At this point the new wastewater pipe would intercept the existing separated wastewater pipe. Along the Brougham Lane alignment the previous combined wastewater stormwater pipe would be retained for stormwater. To allow adequate access to the stormwater main (former combined system) an additional manhole would be added outside the new sewer alignment in Dowling Street approximately 50m to the west of the Brougham Street, McElhone Street intersection. A total of ten maintenance holes will also need to be constructed over existing wastewater pipes in select locations within the Brougham Lane package of works.

All construction through this section would be via open trenching due to the relatively small length of wastewater pipe to be installed (approximately 120m) and number of property connections which need to be re-connected to the new wastewater pipe.

There are approximately 7 house service lines to be re-connected to the new wastewater pipe, as well as re-connection of an existing vent shaft to the new wastewater pipe. Another existing vent shaft will be removed following the works.

Interceptor 15

The interceptor on Dowling Street (near Reid Ave and Cathedral Street) will need to be sealed following the works. This will involve minor civil works only and there were two options considered as part of the concept design phase:  install a DN750 pipe and connect at either end to the DN750 line  plug the low flow opening and building wall to close the opening above the weir.

Summary of Brougham Lane works

The proposed works include the following:  about 120m of DN300 wastewater pipe  16m of DN150 wastewater pipe  10 maintenance holes  connection to 1 existing vent shaft and removal of another vent shaft  about 7 house service line reconnections  minor civil works within Interceptor 15.

Woolloomooloo viaduct - underbridge

WOOLLOOMOOLOO

BROUGHAM STREET

DOWLING STREET POTTS POINT

BROUGHAM LANE

McELHONE STREET

CROSS CITY TUNNEL TOLLWAY

WILLIAM STREET

DARLINGHURST

Legend

Proposed Sewer infrastructure Local Heritage

LEP heritage Conservation Area S170 Heritage

Job Number 21-24556 Paper Size A3 ENSure JV Revision A 010205 Woolloomooloo, Sheas, CBD Date 15 Sep 2015 Metres Map Projection: Transverse Mercator Brougham Lane sewer separation works Horizontal Datum: GDA 1994 Grid: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 56 o and key environmental constraints Figure 3 N:\AU\Sydney\Projects\21\24556\GIS\Maps\Deliverables\21-24556-Z002_ConstraintsMapBook.mxd Level 15, 133 Castlereagh Street Sydney NSW 2000 T 61 2 9239 7100 F 61 2 9239 7199 E [email protected] W www.ghd.com.au © 2015. Whilst every care has been taken to prepare this map, GHD (and Sydney Water and LPI) make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose and cannot accept liability and responsibility of any kind (whether in contract, tort or otherwise) for any expenses, losses, damages and/or costs (including indirect or consequential damage) which are or may be incurred by any party as a result of the map being inaccurate, incomplete or unsuitable in any way and for any reason. Data source: Sydney Water, Aerial Imagery, extracted 2015; LPI, Heritage areas, 2012. Created by:qjchung 5.1.3 Darlinghurst Road

Figure 4 provides an overview of the Darlinghurst Road construction package and key environmental constraints.

Wastewater pipe – Darlinghurst Road, Whites Lane and Farrell Avenue

The Darlinghurst Road work comprise the installing a wastewater pipe along Darlinghurst Road and Clarksons Mill Way. A small section of wastewater pipe would also be installed in Farrell Avenue connecting back to the existing separated wastewater systems in Kirkton Road which runs parallel to Darlinghurst Road to the west. The existing combined wastewater and stormwater pipe will be retained as a stormwater pipe. Staging of wastewater and stormwater works and temporary bypass pumping will be required to build this section.

The works at Darlinghurst Road start at the southern side of the intersection of Darlinghurst Road and Williams Street. At this point an existing manhole would be accessed and an additional inlet built to connect the new wastewater pipe. The new wastewater main would be installed along the western side of Darlinghurst Road, in the first lane adjacent to the footpath from Williams Street and just north of Burton Street. The depth of the wastewater pipe along this section ranges between 1.8 and 2.6m.

A new wastewater pipe will be built to service the houses along Whites Lane, connecting to the maintenance hole located on Darlinghurst Road. It will run the length of Whites Lane, parallel to the existing combined pipe, located on the southern side of the lane. The depth of the new wastewater pipe along this section will be about 1.9m. The boundary traps for all houses along Whites Lane are on the northern side of the road and the house service lines will need to be extended and reconnected to the new wastewater pipe.

The proposed wastewater pipe along Farrell Avenue will connect to the existing wastewater pipe on Kirketon Road and be built along the southern side of the lane. The depth of the wastewater pipe will be approximately 2m. There are three house service lines along Farrell Avenue that will need to be reconnected to the proposed wastewater pipe. Relocating existing services in Farrell Avenue is likely to be needed given how close they are to the proposed wastewater pipe.

Stormwater pipe – Darlinghurst Road

Due to the existing services in Darlinghurst Road, there is limited space for the stormwater pipe. From Craigend Street to Tewkesbury Avenue, it would need to be located in the middle of the road to avoid existing services. The stormwater pipe work would need to be built using open trenching to be able identify and avoid damaging existing services. Two stormwater lines will need to be constructed to reconnect the council stormwater gully pits that existing on the southern side of Darlinghurst Road to the new stormwater pipe.

The former combined wastewater stormwater pipe along this section would be retained for stormwater. In order to provide access to the new stormwater pipe, existing manholes would be modified. New manholes would also be built at the Darlinghurst Road-Liverpool Street and about 30m south of this intersection. All works would be via open trenching.

Summary of Darlinghurst Road works

The proposed works include the following (about):  408m of DN300 wastewater pipe and, 38m of DN150 wastewater pipe  210m of DN600 stormwater and 8m of DN375 stormwater  12 maintenance holes and 2 maintenance shafts  connection to 3 existing vent shafts  about 26 house service line reconnections.

WILLIAM STREET POTTS POINT

FARRELL AVENUE E KINGS CROSS ROAD AS TE RN D IS TR IB UT ROSEBANK STREET OR

CRAIGEND STREET

CLAPTON PLACE

VICTORIA STREET

KIRKETON ROAD

DARLINGHURST ROAD

NIMROD STREET T CALDWELL STREET E W K ESB UR Y AV EN Iona UE DARLINGHURST St John's Anglican Church & Rectory SURREY STREET

Stoneleigh

LITTLE SURREY STREET

LIVERPOOL STREET

HAYDEN LANE

Bondi Ocean Outfall Sewer (BOOS)

DARLEY STREET LITTLE WEST STREET WHITES LANE DARLEY PLACE

CLARKSON'S HILL WAY

HAYDEN PLACE

HARDIE STREET

WEST STREET COW LANE

Legend

Proposed Stormwater Local Heritage S170 Heritage

Proposed Sewer infrastructure State Heritage

LEP heritage Conservation Area

Job Number 21-24556 Paper Size A3 ENSure JV Revision A 0204010 Woolloomooloo, Sheas, CBD Date 15 Sep 2015 Metres Map Projection: Transverse Mercator Darlinghurst Road sewer separation works Horizontal Datum: GDA 1994 Grid: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 56 o and key environmental constraints Figure 4 N:\AU\Sydney\Projects\21\24556\GIS\Maps\Deliverables\21-24556-Z002_ConstraintsMapBook.mxd Level 15, 133 Castlereagh Street Sydney NSW 2000 T 61 2 9239 7100 F 61 2 9239 7199 E [email protected] W www.ghd.com.au © 2015. Whilst every care has been taken to prepare this map, GHD (and Sydney Water and LPI) make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose and cannot accept liability and responsibility of any kind (whether in contract, tort or otherwise) for any expenses, losses, damages and/or costs (including indirect or consequential damage) which are or may be incurred by any party as a result of the map being inaccurate, incomplete or unsuitable in any way and for any reason. Data source: Sydney Water, Aerial Imagery, extracted 2015; LPI, Heritage areas, 2012. Created by:qjchung 5.1.4 Forbes Street

Figure 5 provides an overview of the Forbes Street construction package and key environmental constraints.

Wastewater pipes - Forbes Street and Premier Lane

The proposed wastewater pipes will be located along the eastern side of Forbes Street, starting from the southern side of Liverpool Street and connecting to the existing wastewater pipe near William Lane. The depth of the wastewater pipe ranges from 1.3m to 3.7m except for the crossing under William Street. Due to traffic volumes, the crossing under William Street will be installed using trenchless methods. The intersection is approximately 4m higher than William Street and there is a retaining wall. Due to the retaining wall and to pass under the existing services running along William Street, a 10m deep drop maintenance hole is required upstream of the retaining wall. The vertical drop between upstream and downstream wastewater levels will be about 6.4m. The need for vortex drop or water cushion or venting will be assessed during detailed design.

For the trenchless section, a launch pit is proposed to be located within the easternmost lane of Forbes Street, adjacent to the footpath. The receival pit is proposed to be located south of St Peters Lane, in the parking lane on the eastern side of Forbes Street. It is proposed the drop maintenance hole will be built within the receival pit.

The remaining section of the Forbes Street wastewater pipe will be built using open trenching. It will run parallel and to the east of the existing combined wastewater stormwater system. The proposed wastewater pipe will connect to the existing wastewater pipe south of Liverpool Street at the southern end.

The proposed wastewater pipe in Premier Lane will be connected on Forbes Street and run along the southern side of Premier Lane. The depth of the wastewater pipe would range from 2.8 to 5m. A maintenance hole will be built over the existing combined wastewater stormwater pipe to intercept and divert flows to the new wastewater pipe. The downstream section of the existing pipe along Premier Lane will remain as stormwater. The former combined wastewater and stormwater pipe would be retained for stormwater only.

Interceptor 12

The interceptor is located near the intersection of Forbes Street and Judge Lane and will need to be sealed following the works. This will involve minor civil work within the interceptor including plugging of the connection to the stormwater pit and removal of the baffle.

Stormwater pipes – Forbes Street

There are three short sections of stormwater pipe which need to be installed as part of the work. These need to be installed in Forbes Street, south of William Lane (approximately 5m); in Premier Lane (approx. 3m); and on Liverpool Street (approximately 7m). These would then connect the existing combined wastewater stormwater pipe to the existing stormwater gully pits. The former combined wastewater and stormwater pipe would be retained for stormwater only.

Summary of Forbes Street works

The proposed works include the following (about):  411m of DN300 wastewater pipe and 4m of DN225 wastewater pipe  6m of DN525 stormwater and 10m of DN300 stormwater  16 maintenance holes and 2 maintenance shafts  8 house service line reconnections  sealing of interceptor 12, located intersection of Judges Lane and Forbes Street.

WILLIAM LANE CROSS CITY TUNNEL TOLLWAY

WOOLLOOMOOLOO

WILLIAM STREET WILLIAM STREET

DOWLING STREET

BARNETT LANE

ST PETERS LANE

WILLIAM STREET St Peter's Church & Precinct PREMIER LANE

ST PETERS STREET

PALMER STREET

WISDOM LANE

BOURKE STREET

FARRELL AVENUE

SUTTON LANE

STANLEY STREET

CLAPTON PLACE

DARLINGHURST

PALMER LANE

KIRKETON ROAD

T E W K E S B U R Y A THOMSON LANE VE FORBES STREET NU Iona E

EASTERN DISTRIBUTOR

THOMSON PLACE THOMSON STREET

SHORTER LANE

Stoneleigh

Bondi Ocean Outfall Sewer (BOOS)

LIVERPOOL STREET DARLEY STREET

DARLINGHURST ROAD KINGS LANE KINGS LANE VAR. W. LANE

Legend

Proposed Stormwater Local Heritage S170 Heritage

Proposed Sewer infrastructure State Heritage

LEP heritage Conservation Area

Job Number 21-24556 Paper Size A3 ENSure JV Revision A 0255012.5 Woolloomooloo, Sheas, CBD Date 15 Sep 2015 Metres Map Projection: Transverse Mercator Forbes St sewer separation works Horizontal Datum: GDA 1994 Grid: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 56 o and key environmental constraints Figure 5 N:\AU\Sydney\Projects\21\24556\GIS\Maps\Deliverables\21-24556-Z002_ConstraintsMapBook.mxd Level 15, 133 Castlereagh Street Sydney NSW 2000 T 61 2 9239 7100 F 61 2 9239 7199 E [email protected] W www.ghd.com.au © 2015. Whilst every care has been taken to prepare this map, GHD (and Sydney Water and LPI) make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose and cannot accept liability and responsibility of any kind (whether in contract, tort or otherwise) for any expenses, losses, damages and/or costs (including indirect or consequential damage) which are or may be incurred by any party as a result of the map being inaccurate, incomplete or unsuitable in any way and for any reason. Data source: Sydney Water, Aerial Imagery, extracted 2015; LPI, Heritage areas, 2012. Created by:qjchung 5.1.5 Riley Street

Figure 6 provides an overview of the Riley Street construction package and key environmental constraints.

Wastewater pipes – Francis Lane, Yurong Street and Stanley Street

A new wastewater pipe will be constructed from the corner of College Lane and Francis Lane and continue east along Francis Lane. The wastewater pipe will then run north along the western side of Yurong Street, through the existing garden bed to Stanley Street, before connecting to another proposed wastewater pipe at the corner of Stanley Street and Yurong Street. This wastewater pipe will then run along the southern side of Stanley Street, from east of Yurong Street to west of Yurong Street. The depth of the sewers in this section range between 1.7m and 2.6m and will be built using open trenching.

The existing wastewater pipe runs beneath properties No. 19 and 11-17 Francis Lane. A new wastewater pipe will be built at the same location as the existing pipe. Building this section will require temporary bypass pumping.

House service lines along Francis Lane and Stanley Street will reconnected once the new wastewater pipe is built.

Stormwater pipes – Francis Lane

A new stormwater pipe will be built to connect the existing stormwater gully to an existing maintenance hole along Francis Lane. The depth of the stormwater pipe will be 1.7 to 2.4m. The stormwater line will run along the southern side of the lane, parallel to the new wastewater pipe, with a portion of the stormwater to be located under an existing private property. The section under private property will be built using trenchless methods.

Wastewater pipes – Yurong Street, Hargrave Lane, Francis Street

A new wastewater pipe will be built from the corner of Yurong and Liverpool Street and continue north along the western side of Yurong Street. It will then run east along the southern side of Francis Street, ending at the Riley Street and Francis Street intersection. The wastewater pipe in this section ranges in depth from 1.6 and 2.5m.

Another new wastewater pipe will be built from the corner of The Stables Lane and Hargrave Lane to the corner of Yurong Street and Hargrave Lane, running along the southern side of Hargrave Lane. The wastewater pipe in this section is about 2.4m deep.

At the intersection of Riley Street and Francis Street, there will be three short sections of new wastewater pipe which will connect to the Riley Street branch of the Bondi Ocean Outfall Sewer (BOOS). The Riley Street branch is 8.4 deep at this location. A new collection chamber with a vertical drop will be constructed adjacent to the existing maintenance hole on the Riley Street branch of BOOS.

These wastewater pipes will all be built using open trenching.

Wastewater pipes – Liverpool Street, Riley Street, Seale Street and Liverpool Lane

A new wastewater pipe will be built along the southern side of Liverpool Street and connect to a new wastewater pipe which will be extended north along Riley Street to Francis Street. The depth of the wastewater pipe will range between 1.3m and 2.1m.

A new wastewater pipe will be built along the western side of Riley Street, within the road and connect to the Riley Street branch of the BOOS via the new collection chamber (described above). The depth of this new wastewater pipe will range between 2.0m and 3.9m.

Another two new wastewater pipes will be built along Seale Street and Liverpool Lane. Both connect to the new wastewater pipe which will be extended north along Riley Street (described above). The depth of these new wastewater pipes will be approximately 2.3m and up to 3.2m respectively.

All of these new wastewater pipes will be built using open trenching.

Wastewater pipes – Francis Lane, Chapel Street and Riley Street

A proposed new wastewater will be built along Francis Lane, east of Yurong Street, and then extend south along Riley Street. The depth of this wastewater pipe will range between 2.1 and 5.2m.

Another proposed wastewater pipe will run along Chapel Street and connect to the wastewater pipe at the Riley Street and Chapel Street intersection. The depth of this wastewater pipe will range between 2.6 to 2.9m.

Both Francis Lane and Chapel Street are narrow lanes with several services. As a result, existing water mains may need to be relocated. Also, given that there are several property wastewater connections in these streets, the proposed wastewater pipe will need to be built using open trenching.

Wastewater pipes – Crown Street, Liverpool Street, Kings Lane and Burton Street

A new wastewater pipe will run the full length of Crown Street, from Foley Lane in the south to Chapel Street in the north. The wastewater pipe will run parallel to the eastern kerb and will range in depth between 1.6 and 4.1m.

There are six other proposed new wastewater pipes which will connect into this new wastewater pipe in Crown Street at various locations including Liverpool Lane, Liverpool Street, Kings Lane, Burton Street and one on the other (western) side of Crown Street. The depth of these wastewater pipes range between 1.4 and 3.2m.

There is also a short section of new wastewater pipes needed along Foley Street to connect house service lines to the existing sewer on Foley Street.

Due to the number of house service lines to be connected to this new wastewater pipe, they will be built using open trenching. The exception to this is a small section of the Crown Street wastewater pipe which will be built using trenchless methods where it crosses the existing heritage listed combined oviform (s170 heritage listed). This will be done to protect the integrity of the stone arch.

Wastewater pipes – Chapel Street and O’Briens Lane

A short extension of the existing wastewater pipe is required in Woods Lane to connect it to the existing wastewater pipe in Chapel Street. The depth of this short section is about 2.5m.

Another proposed wastewater pipe is needed to connect the existing wastewater pipe in O’Briens Lane to the existing wastewater pipe in Chapel Street. The depth of this wastewater pipe ranges from 1.8 to 2.2m

Wastewater pipes – Kings Lane and Palmer Street

The proposed wastewater pipe will be a short section crossing Palmer Street and extending east into Kings Lane to pick up the property connection servicing property 46-50 Burton Street. The depth of this wastewater pipe will range from 1.6 to 2.5m.

Stormwater pipe – Kings Lane

There will be three short sections of stormwater pipe to be built to connect the three stormwater gully pits at the Kings Lane and Langley Street intersection, to the existing combined pipe in Crown Street. The depths of the stormwater pipes will range from 1.2 to 2.5m.

The former combined wastewater and stormwater pipe would be retained for stormwater only.

Stormwater pipe – Langley Street

There will be two short sections of stormwater pipe that will be constructed along Langley Street, from Kells Lane to Burton Street which will connect the stormwater gully pits in Langley Street and Burton Street, to the stormwater line in Burton Street. The depths of both of these stormwater pipes range from 1.1 to 2.1m.

Summary of Riley Street works

The proposed works include the following (about):  1558m of DN300 wastewater pipe, 54m of DN225 wastewater pipe and 29m of DN150 wastewater pipe  42m of DN450 stormwater and 122m of DN300 stormwater  60 maintenance holes and 18 maintenance shafts  connections to 6 existing vent shafts  116 house service line reconnections  sealing of interceptor 16, located intersection of Stanley Lane and Stream Street.

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Legend

Proposed Stormwater Local Heritage S170 Heritage

Proposed Sewer infrastructure State Heritage National heritage item

LEP heritage Conservation Area

Job Number 21-24556 Paper Size A3 ENSure JV Revision B 0306015 Woolloomooloo, Sheas, CBD Date 04 Feb 2016 Metres Map Projection: Transverse Mercator Riley St sewer separation works Horizontal Datum: GDA 1994 Grid: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 56 o and key environmental constraints Figure 6 N:\AU\Sydney\Projects\21\24556\GIS\Maps\Deliverables\21-24556-Z002_ConstraintsMapBook.mxd Level 15, 133 Castlereagh Street Sydney NSW 2000 T 61 2 9239 7100 F 61 2 9239 7199 E [email protected] W www.ghd.com.au © 2016. Whilst every care has been taken to prepare this map, GHD (and Sydney Water and LPI) make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose and cannot accept liability and responsibility of any kind (whether in contract, tort or otherwise) for any expenses, losses, damages and/or costs (including indirect or consequential damage) which are or may be incurred by any party as a result of the map being inaccurate, incomplete or unsuitable in any way and for any reason. Data source: Sydney Water, Aerial Imagery, extracted 2015; LPI, Heritage areas, 2012. Created by:jrichardson 5.1.6 Womerah Avenue

Figure 7 provides an overview of the Womerah Avenue construction package and key environmental constraints.

The Womerah Avenue package of works involves construction of a new DN300 gravity wastewater pipe approximately four metres in length, which will connect the existing wastewater pipe located on private property, 21 Little West Street to the existing wastewater pipe located in Little Surrey Street. A new maintenance shaft will be constructed over the existing DN 300 wastewater pipe and the existing maintenance hole in Little Surrey Street will be demolished and replaced with a new maintenance hole structure.

A new DN150 gravity wastewater pipe approximately 20 metres in length will also be constructed on private property, 151 Womerah Avenue, which will connect to the existing wastewater pipe in Womerah Avenue. A new maintenance shaft will be constructed over the existing wastewater pipe in Womerah Avenue.

There will be approximately 4 house service lines which will need to be connected to the two new wastewater pipes.

Summary of Womerah Avenue works

The proposed works include the following:  about 4m of DN300 wastewater pipe  20m of DN150 wastewater pipe  two new maintenance shafts and replacement of an existing maintenance hole  about 4 house service line reconnections.

EASTERN SUBURBS RAILWAY BAYSW

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HICKEY LA OSWALD LANE Inset - Womerah Avenue works (heritage conservation area not shown)

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Service Layer Credits: © Land and Property Information (a division of the Department of Finance and Services) 2012 LEGEND nm Street trees to be retained where possible Local Heritage LEP heritage Conservation Area

Proposed Stormwater State Heritage

Proposed Sewer S170 Heritage

ENSure Job Number 21-25044 Paper Size A3 Sydney Sewerage 0306015 Revision B Womerah Avenue Separation Date 12 Feb 2016 Metres Map Projection: Transverse Mercator Womerah Avenue sewer separation works Horizontal Datum: GDA 1994 Grid: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 56 o Key Environmental Constraints Figure 7 N:\AU\Sydney\Projects\21\25044\GIS\Maps\Deliverables\21_25044_Z016_WomerahAve_KeyEnvironmentalConstraints.mxd Level 15, 133 Castlereagh Street Sydney NSW 2000 T 61 2 9239 7100 F 61 2 9239 7199 E [email protected] W www.ghd.com.au © 2016. Whilst every care has been taken to prepare this map, GHD and NSW DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, GEOSCIENCE AUSTRALIA, NSW DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY, NEARMAP IMAGERY make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose and cannot accept liability and responsibility of any kind (whether in contract, tort or otherwise) for any expenses, losses, damages and/or costs (including indirect or consequential damage) which are or may be incurred by any party as a result of the map being inaccurate, incomplete or unsuitable in any way and for any reason. Data Source: NSW Department of Lands: Cadastre - Jan 2014; Geoscience Australia: 250k Data - Jan 2014; NSW Department of Primary Industry - Jan 2014; Imagery (nearmap, extracted 25/02/2015). Created by: jrichardson 5.2 Pre-construction

The main activities to be done before construction can start include:  pothole to confirm location of existing services  survey of proposed route  establish management plans and procedures including a Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP), safety plans, site induction and other contractual requirements  consult with and notify local stakeholders, residents and other interested parties about the activities onsite  establish site including set-up of temporary lay-down or construction compound areas where required  demarcate material and machinery set down, storage areas and construction sites  establish traffic and pedestrian control devices and signage  establish erosion and sediment control measures  pre-condition surveys of adjacent properties/ kerb/ gutters and driveways  delineate the worksite and protect adjacent street trees/ furniture along the length of the pipeline, to facilitate construction.

5.3 Construction Activities

Construction of new wastewater / stormwater pipes

The construction method for the project would be either open trenching or under boring/ trenchless construction. In relation to the project these two excavation methods are described as follows:  open-trenching - progressive digging of a trench (about 1m wide and up to 5m deep) in the ground. A pipeline is then installed on a bed of gravel and/or supports. If needed, a concrete surround would be laid to provide support. All excavated material would be either loaded into trucks for immediate offsite disposal or temporarily stored in skip bins. The trench would be backfilled with imported material as each section of pipeline is completed.  under boring - digging an underground path by tunnelling or underboring/ drilling. Pits would be needed at either end to launch and retrieve the machinery. The pipe would then be installed in the tunnel that is created and surrounded with slurry of sand and/or other coarse materials to maintain stability. Trenchless construction would be considered where it is preferable not to disturb the ground surface, such as to avoid tree root disturbance along Sir John Young Crescent.

The final decision in relation to construction method would be determined by the contractor during detailed design and based on a range of factors including:  the ground conditions and geology of the pipe route  the potential to disturb sensitive environmental features such as street trees or heritage items  the risk of damaging nearby services including potable water existing wastewater/stormwater, electricity, communications (copper and fibre optic) and natural gas mains  the constraints of the area within which the construction is taking place e.g. the suitability of sites in which to place launch and receival pits for underbores

 the extent of individual property connections required to the new pipe as these would limit the advantages of underboring  traffic volumes and road occupancy licences.

Construction of property service lines

Re-connection of the existing property service lines to the new wastewater pipe will be required, once the new wastewater pipe has been tested and commissioned. This will involve locating the existing boundary trap (located usually just outside the property boundary) and minor trenching to re-route the service line to connect into the new wastewater pipe.

Construction of maintenance holes and shafts

Following installation of the new wastewater or stormwater pipe, it will be necessary to construct new maintenance holes and shafts to enable access to the infrastructure during operation and maintenance. Due to the maintenance holes being located in trafficable areas (roads), they will need to be cast in-situ (compared to installation of pre-cast units). This would involve excavation of a pit, formwork and pouring concrete for the maintenance hole. The suitability of using pre- fabricated maintenance holes on this project will be explored during the detailed design phase.

Sealing of interceptors

The sealing of interceptors is relatively minor work and would involve 2-3 people to lift the existing maintenance hole lid, internal work to block up the connections using either formwork, concrete or bricks. A concrete truck, light vehicles and hand tools would be required. Traffic control and night works may be required, depending on the location of the interceptor.

Materials and equipment

Indicative equipment to be used during construction includes:  excavators  boring machine  dump trucks  delivery trucks  concrete mixer and concrete pump  generator  compressor  power hand tools  light vehicles.

Equipment such as generators and excavators will be fitted with silencers where possible.

Types of materials to be used during construction include:  concrete for civil structures  electrical cabling and conduits  crushed rock and sand  concrete and plastic piping  mechanical and electrical equipment  fuel for equipment, machinery and vehicles

 miscellaneous construction materials  imported clean fill  roadbase materials for temporary restoration  concrete  temporary fencing.

The equipment at each site would be determined by the contractor. In regard to noise and vibration intensive equipment, selection would be made on a site by site basis in accordance with the noise and vibration assessment for each site contained in section 6.

Trenchless construction/ underboring

Trenchless construction, tunnelling or underboring, would require digging a launch and receival pit at either end of the under bore section. These would generally be located within the road reserve and need to be dug before underboring can start. The boring equipment has a cutting head at the front that digs the tunnel as it is pushed forward from the launch pit to the exit pit. To push the machine forward in a straight line, rods, jacks or trains are used.

In self-supporting strata, like rock, the pipe is generally installed after the bore or tunnel is finished. In softer material, the pipe is typically installed immediately behind the boring equipment or built within a casing pipe. Boring or tunnelling usually requires using drilling fluids to keep the drill head moving underground. Water is generally used when boring in rock, while bentonite slurry is typically used in soft materials. Excavated material (spoil) is removed from the shaft as the tunnel or bore is made and taken away to be appropriately disposed offsite.

The general construction sequence for sections using a tunnelling/boring methodology is:  identify and relocate buried services from the excavation area, using localised traffic management as required to access working areas  implement traffic management for the launch and exit pits  establish sites for launch and exit pits including:

- erosion and sediment controls - removing of road/footpath surfaces as required - digging launch and exit shafts  drill bored sections, including removing excavated material and implementing controls such as measures for managing drill fluids, excavated materials and groundwater, fencing and security measures  replace buried services if required  re-instate surface to existing condition or as agreed with landowner  remove excess stockpiles, materials and equipment  rehabilitate areas disturbed by the works, including backfilling the launch and exit pits.

Open trenching

The proposed wastewater pipelines would predominantly be built using an open trenching technique, with an average trench depth of between two – five metres. The trench depth required needs to achieve the appropriate level for gravity flows or to avoid other in ground infrastructure.

Construction activities associated with trenching would include:  establish temporary construction laydown areas and access points at appropriate locations along the pipeline route

 implement traffic management measures (ie. closing traffic lane(s), implement diversions in accordance with a Road Occupancy Licence issued by council or RMS)  provide temporary access to properties where trench routes impact driveways  establish erosion and sediment control measures/ protect stormwater pits  cut pavement and excavate trench, stockpile excavated material (likely in skip bins)  shore up and dewater trenches, depending upon trench depth and groundwater levels  spread bedding material such as sand or gravel along the bottom of the trench prior to laying  install and test pipeline  backfill the trench with bedding material and excavated soil  compact trench fill material  dispose of excess spoil material  reinstate site with temporary and permanent road restoration.

Due to the nature of the urban environment in which the works are proposed site establishment would consist of delineating the area required to do the works with temporary fencing and relevant signage and barriers for the safe movement of vehicles and pedestrians around the work site.

Temporary road plates and road restoration

The pipe would be laid in sections and temporary road plates may be required to make the lanes trafficable if works are not finished by the time the road occupancy finishes. The road plates would only be used for a short period of time in a particular area and would be properly secured and recessed to minimise noise generation as cars travel over them. Once the pipe is laid, temporary road restoration would occur to council or RMS standards (as applicable). Final restoration may not occur for months after construction is complete, due to the need to ensure the new wastewater pipe has been commissioned successfully and/ or to fit in with scheduling of all road resurfacing requirements in the area as determined by council/ RMS.

Workforce and timeframe

The construction workforce would consist of between four and six personnel each day, with concreting activities increasing the site personnel to eight. The site would be managed by the contractors’ staff comprising Project/ Construction Manager, Site Engineer and Site Supervisor.

It is estimated that the construction phase would take approximately 24 months and is scheduled to start in early 2017.

5.4 Working hours

Out of hours works (work at night) will be required for a large proportion of the works to minimise impacts to traffic, private property accesses and flow conditions in the pipe.

Any out of hours works would be determined during detailed construction planning for each work area, following consultation with road authorities (RMS, City of Sydney Council) and adjacent stakeholders (residents, businesses, schools, hospitals, etc). In these instances work hours would usually be determined by the road occupancy licence issued by either RMS or City of Sydney.

If out of hours works are necessary, an out of hours request form would be submitted by the contractor to Sydney Water for approval. This form will detail justification for the out of hours works, likely noise impacts, mitigation measures and details of community consultation.

Sydney Water will work closely with council and RMS in planning daytime work as much as possible. Wherever possible, construction during the daytime will be 7 am to 6 pm Monday to Friday and 8am to 1pm Saturday.

5.5 Commissioning

Following the construction and installation work at each site, the following commissioning and site restoration work would be done:  testing and commissioning of all installed or impacted infrastructure to confirm its appropriateness for operation in the wider network  all areas disturbed by construction would be restored as closely as possible to their original condition, or a condition appropriate to planned future land use along the pipeline route as agreed to with the landowner (council or RMS). This includes compaction and rehabilitation of backfilled trenches and underbore pits and reinstatement of road/ pavement surface  temporary construction compound areas would be similarly removed and reinstatement works undertaken to return to its original condition, or condition previously agreed with the landowner.

5.6 Operation

Following the completion of construction activities and the commissioning of the new wastewater and stormwater infrastructure, the responsibility of the ongoing operation of the networks will be Sydney Water Service Delivery division. Due to the nature of the infrastructure it is unlikely that there will be any major follow up works required during the operation of the infrastructure.

Routine maintenance and inspections would be done periodically as required. Should any additional major work (such as additional upgrades) be required these would be subject to additional environmental assessment.

5.7 Changes to the Scope of Work

The project assessed in this REF includes the construction, commissioning and operation activities as described above. An assessment of potential impacts has been based on the concept design drawings (Ensure 2015a & 2015b). If the scope of work or construction methods described in this document change during detailed design and/ or following the awarding of the construction contract, supplementary environmental impact assessment will be undertaken.

6. Site Specific Environmental Assessment and Mitigation Measures

This section includes a site specific environmental impact assessment and mitigation measures for each of the construction packages within the Woolloomooloo Wastewater Stormwater Separation Project assessed in this REF.

6.1 Stream Street

6.1.1 Topography, geology and soils

Existing Environment

A desktop geotechnical study was undertaken as part of the Concept Design for the Stream Street area of works Ensure, 2015). Due to the proximity of the works to the Sydney CBD, the original ground surface has been extensively altered due to urban development. The region is characterised by extensive and variable depths of infilling and reclamation from the 1850s onwards with manmade fill overlying the Holocene sediment. In particular, in-filling of a former creek gully (paleo-channel).

The 1:25 000 scale Prospect-Parramatta River Acid Sulphate Soil Risk Map (Edition 2), indicates that an area of ‘X2 – Disturbed materials’ is present in the area, corresponding with the paleo- channel. The risk map indicates that there is a high probability of encountering Acid Sulphate Soils (ASS) or potential Acid Sulphate Soils (PASS) in the bottom sediments across infilled/ reclaimed areas.

A search of the EPA Contaminated Land Register on 18 August 2015 did not identify any records of contaminated land within the City of Sydney Local Government area. However, the disturbed terrain present in the area is likely to contain demolition rubble, industrial, household waste and generally unconsolidated fill material of unknown origin (Ensure, 2015).

Potential Impacts

The project will not impact on local topography as the pipelines would be installed below ground level. Trenches will be backfilled to match the existing ground level upon completion of the work.

Excavation within the area shown as ‘Class 2 ASS layer’ on Figure 2 may encounter ASS, which can start to oxidise when brought to the surface and exposed to the atmosphere. Inappropriate management of ASS can lead to the formation of sulphuric acid, which could have negative impacts on water quality and aquatic ecology if allowed to leach from the site (eg. into a stormwater drain). Due to the constrained nature of the site, any ASS encountered during excavation would need to be taken off-site immediately for disposal at any appropriately licenced waste facility.

There is a high chance of encountering contaminated material during excavation in this area and if inappropriately managed could lead to environmental impacts to soils and waterways.

Mitigation Measures  testing for PASS/ ASS will be undertaken during geotechnical investigations as part of detailed design

 the contractor will prepare an Acid Sulphate Soils Management Plan (ASSMP) as part of the CEMP to detail how it would be identified, managed and disposed of appropriately during construction  any ASS/ PASS spoil would be stored separately on-site in covered skip bins or sealed containers, to prevent acid leachate entering the stormwater system  waste classification of fill/ soil material will be undertaken during geotechnical investigations as part of pre-construction phase  the site induction for construction personnel will include identification of PASS/ ASS and contaminated soil and stop work provisions should it be unexpectedly encountered onsite.

6.1.2 Water and drainage

Existing environment

The closest waterway is Woolloomooloo Bay, located approximately 250m to the north. Site drainage from stormwater pits in the area would drain towards Woolloomooloo Bay.

A search of the NSW Department of Natural Resources database (August 2015) indicates that there are no registered groundwater bores in the project area, with the closest registered bore being 200m to the east. However, there have been previous boreholes drilled during construction of different infrastructure in the project area. A review of this historical information indicates the following groundwater levels:  Stream Street (between Stanley and Yurong Lane) – standing groundwater level was recorded between 2.4m to 10.4m depth  Riley Street (near McCarthy Place) – standing groundwater level was recorded at 13m depth  remainder of the areas – standing groundwater levels recorded varies between 2.4m to 4.5m depth.

For works down near Sir John Young Crescent, the groundwater table in the vicinity of the harbour is expected to be near to and influenced by the tidal level and may also be saline (Ensure, 2015).

Potential impacts

During construction, potential impacts on water quality may occur as a result of erosion and sedimentation associated with excavation. This could potentially increase the amount of sediment and organic matter entering the local stormwater system, and Woolloomooloo Bay.

A large amount of concrete/ pavement cutting will be required for the construction works and there is the potential for concrete wash out from trucks or residue from saw-cutting, accidental spills or leaks of fuel/ chemicals to enter the stormwater system.

This package of work will involve two sections of underboring/ tunnelling, one beneath William Street and one near Sir John Young Crescent. There is the potential for drilling fluids from the underboring/ tunnelling to leave the worksite, if not properly contained, and enter stormwater drains and potentially impact Woolloomooloo Bay.

Due to the depth of the new wastewater pipes to be installed (up to 6.1m in Yurong Lane, up to 4.1m in Sir John Young Crescent and everywhere else between 1.5 and 3.5m), groundwater is likely to be intercepted during excavation for trenching and underbore pits.

Groundwater dewatering of excavations will be required during construction, although likely volumes will not be known until further geotechnical investigations as part of detailed design are

undertaken. Once volumes are known, a licence to dewater groundwater from DPI Water will be sought if estimated volumes are over 3ML/ year.

There are potential risks to surrounding buildings associated with groundwater drawdown from dewatering activities, particularly 6, 8, and 10 Sir John Young Crescent, where existing building cracks are visible. This section of the works will be underbored to minimise risks associated with this. This will need to be further considered during detailed design and measures put in place during construction to prevent any structural impacts to surrounding buildings.

There are also potential impacts from inappropriate disposal of groundwater or rainwater collected in excavations. The quality of groundwater will be tested during further geotechnical work and a Groundwater Management Plan developed to detail testing and disposal requirements. This may involve disposal to wastewater, in accordance with a Sydney Water Trade Waste Permit.

During operation, the project will contribute to better water quality outcomes in Woolloomooloo Bay by decreasing the amount of wet weather wastewater overflows which are currently occurring as a result of the combined system.

Mitigation measures  clean surface run-off will be diverted around worksites, wherever possible  erosion and sediment controls will be installed in accordance with the ‘Blue Book – Managing Urban Stormwater – Soils and Construction’ (Landcom, 2004)  erosion and sediment controls will be inspected daily and after rainfall events and repaired/ maintained as required to ensure no offsite impacts  road pavements and footpaths around the construction site will be regularly swept to prevent off-site tracking of mud and dirt  any stockpiles will be located in skip bins, away from stormwater drains  all fuels and chemicals will be stored in an appropriately bunded area at all times (110% capacity) and in accordance with Australian Standards  plant/ equipment will not be used if there are any signs of fuel, oil or hydraulic leaks  any re-fuelling of plant or equipment will be undertaken using a mini-tanker with spill response kit or within a designated bunded area away from stormwater drains  containment measures will be used to ensure that all drilling fluids/ slurry is captured onsite and contained (eg. water tight skip bins)  drilling fluids will be reused wherever possible or disposed to a licenced waste facility  any leakage of drilling fluids will be cleaned up immediately to prevent offsite impacts  all vehicles carrying waste capable of discharging liquid (eg. drilling fluids) will be watertight to prevent leaks and will be checked prior to leaving site  any concrete residue/ wash out will be captured, cleaned up and disposed of to a licenced waste facility  a vacuum system will be used to collect any run off from concrete or saw-cutting  testing of groundwater levels and quality will occur as part of further geotechnical investigations undertaken during detailed design  pre-condition surveys and settlement monitoring will be undertaken on adjacent properties where geotechnical/ engineering reports indicate high risk groundwater dewatering is required

 likely groundwater inflow volumes will be determined during pre-construction phase and a licence under the Water Act 1912 will be obtained from DPI Water for groundwater dewatering > 3ML/ year  a Groundwater Management Plan will be prepared as part of the CEMP to detail how the groundwater will be tested and disposed of during construction  the contractor will obtain a Sydney Water Trade Waste Permit for any disposal of groundwater to wastewater system.

6.1.3 Flora and Fauna

Existing environment

There are several street trees and landscape plantings located in this area of works, including:  several mature Plane trees (Plantus) along Riley Street, the northern side of Sir John Young Crescent (in front of the Domain Parking station) and the northern end of Crown Street  juvenile English Elm trees lining the eastern side of Crown Street, near Turner Lane and Box Brush (Lophostemon confertus) on the western side of Crown Street in this location.

The City of Sydney Council maintains a register of significant trees in their LGA. A search of this register in August 2015 did not show any listed trees in the Woolloomooloo area. Notwithstanding this, urban trees provide important environmental, aesthetic, cultural and economic benefits and should be retained wherever possible.

Potential impacts

During trenching or underboring in vicinity of large street trees on Crown Street and Riley Street, impacts to the trees and/ or their roots may occur. These street trees are to be protected and retained wherever possible, by using alternate construction methods (like localised underboring beneath roots).

Accidental damage to street trees may also occur from plant and equipment inadvertently knocking trunks and branches during construction.

Based on the concept design to date, the following landscape plantings are likely to require removal for construction works (refer to Figure 2):  one tree and planted garden bed will need to be removed for excavation of a bore pit on the corner of Crown Street and Sir John Young Crescent  the planted garden bed in the cul-de-sac of Yurong Lane and Riley Street may also need to be removed for the excavation of a launch/ receival pit for the underbore beneath William Street.

Further landscaping plantings may require removal and this will be determined during detailed design and construction planning, in consultation with council.

Mitigation measures  street trees on Riley and Crown Streets are to be retained, wherever possible, by adopting appropriate construction methods (eg. trenchless), in consultation with an arborist during detailed design and construction  an arborist is to be available on-site during excavation within the root zone of these street trees and to supervise any root cutting required to ensure that impacts to trees are minimised

 in consultation with council, the contractor will undertake restoration planting to replace the garden bed on the corner of Crown Street and Sir John Young Crescent, as well as the cul-de- sac area of Yurong Lane and Riley Street  trees in the vicinity of construction works will be protected from accidental damage by installing temporary fencing or flagging/ signage before works commence  any tree branches will be tied back in preference to trimming, if there are located next to construction plant and equipment.

6.1.4 Air quality

Existing environment

This area of work includes high density residential, commercial and recreational receivers. Land uses which may be sensitive to potential air quality impacts associated with construction:  Kings Cross shopping district along William Street  Australian Museum and Sydney Grammar School, backing onto Yurong Lane  Sydney Eye hospital located on Crown Street.

Potential impacts

There is the potential for dust generation from excavation of bore pits, trenching and spoil handling during construction. There could also be minor localised impacts to air quality from construction plant and machinery emissions.

Access of wastewater maintenance shafts may also be required from time to time during construction and this may lead to the generation of odour if access lids are left open.

Mitigation measures  dust generating activities will be avoided during windy conditions  all loads of excavated material or imported material (such as sand) will be covered when being transported to or from the worksite  all worksites will be monitored for dust generation and water sprays used to suppress dust (particularly during rock breaking activities)  plant and equipment will be properly maintained and not left idling when not in use  footpaths, roads, access points and other areas adjacent to the worksite will be swept regularly to minimise any dust generation or dirt tracking  the number of maintenance shafts left open at any one time and the duration they are open will be minimised.

6.1.5 Noise and vibration

Existing environment

potential noise and vibration impacts from the works (AAJV, 2015b). This included background noise monitoring at several locations, including 49 Crown Street, Woolloomooloo between 14 -20 August 2015. This location was considered to be representative of the existing noise environment for the Stream Street package of works. The results indicate that the noise environment is characterised by high road traffic noise from vehicles on adjacent roads. The following rating background levels (RBL) were obtained:  Daytime (7am to 6pm) – 55 dB(A)  Evening 6pm- 10pm) – 55 dB(A)  Night (10pm to 7am) – 46 dB(A).

According to EPA’s Interim Construction Noise Guideline (EPA, 2009), the following Noise Management Levels (NML) (noise criteria) will apply for the Stream Street package of works:  Daytime works (RBL + 10dB) = 65dB(A)  Out of hours works - evening (RBL + 5dB) = 60dB(A)  Out of hours works – nighttime (RBL + 5dB) = 51dB(A)  Highly noise affected (all hours) – 75dB(A).

Potential impacts

Noise

Noise impacts will be greatest during cutting of pavement/ excavation work, particularly rock breaking of hard rock/ sandstone in some sections of the Stream Street area. Trenching will occur adjacent to both low-rise and high-rise residential properties and commercial buildings. Exceedances of the NML will occur at most receivers during trenching adjacent to their properties. The level of exceedances will reduce as trenching progresses, with the main level of noise impact outside individual receivers being 1-2 weeks.

Evening, night time and potential weekend noise impacts for sensitive receivers will occur at some of the sites where traffic impacts require work to be undertaken out of hours for road closures. Due to the proximity of receivers and nature of the work, exceedances of both the out of hours NML and highly noise affected level of 75dB(A) is likely during these out of hours works. There is limited opportunity to mitigate noise impacts with shielding/ hoarding adjacent to the works due to the large number of high-rise residential receivers which make the mitigation ineffective.

Underboring of some sections of the Stream Street package of work is likely to occur, which will minimise noise impacts for receivers along the bore route. The main noise impacts associated with underboring is from excavation of the underbore launch/ receival pits and operation of the truck mounted drill rig/ vacuum truck located at the bore pits. Noise impacts at these bore pit locations may occur for 6-8 weeks during the underboring works.

Other construction noise impacts will occur as a result of general construction noise, such as reversing beepers, operation of plant, equipment (eg. generators) and truck movements.

Following excavation and prior to final road restoration, temporary restoration and/ or steel road plates will need to be used. These can lead to potential noise impacts to adjacent residents if they are not properly recessed and installed correctly.

Vibration

area which are listed on the LEP heritage register. Table 4 below outlines safe working distances which are recommended to prevent impacts to heritage or other buildings.

Table 4: Recommended safe working distances for vibration intensive plant

Recommended safe working distances for vibration intensive plant

Plant Rating/ description Heritage buildings Residential buildings

Jackhammer Hand held 1m nominal 1m nominal

Small hydraulic 300kg – 9 to 12t excavator 4m 2m hammer

Medium hydraulic 900kg – 12 to 18t excavator 12m 7m hammer

Vibratory roller <50kN (typically 1-2t) 8m 5m

Mitigation measures  inform potentially noise affected neighbours/ businesses about the nature of the construction stages and the duration of noisier activities (eg. rock-breaking)  contact details will be provided on project signage at each worksite  noise attenuated equipment, residential class mufflers and noise shielding around stationary plant (eg. generators) will be used wherever possible  plant and equipment will be regularly maintained and replaced/ repaired if they become excessively noisy  the worksite will be arranged to minimise the use of reversing/ movement alarms if possible (i.e. one way in, one way out in forward direction)  noisy plant (eg. generators) will be located away from potentially noise affected neighbours or behind barriers, such as sheds or walls wherever possible  construction work will be between 7am-6pm (Monday to Friday), 8am -1pm (Saturday), and no works on Sundays or public holidays, wherever possible  slings will be used in preference to lifting chains wherever possible  if out of hours works are unavoidable (due to lane closure requirements specified by RMS or recommended by council) the following will occur:

- the contractor will seek approval from the Sydney Water Project Manager outlining the specific times and dates and providing justification

- the contractor’s environmental representative will assess whether additional impact assessment is required and what specific noise mitigation measures are possible (eg. monitoring, barriers, acoustic blankets)

- high noise activities (such as saw-cutting/ pavement breaking) will be scheduled at the beginning of the shift (eg. prior to 11pm) where possible

- workers will be briefed on the need to minimise unnecessary noise (such as shouting, banging doors, etc)

- works will be planned to minimise the need for reversing beepers/ movement alarms on equipment

- all potentially impacted residents and sensitive receivers will be notified at least 7 days prior to commencing out of hours works and given contact details should they wish to make a complaint

- regular updates will be provided to inform residents of progress of out of hours works and likely noise impacts

- one on one consultation with sensitive receivers  any road plates which are required prior to road restoration will be properly installed and maintained to ensure they don’t produce excessive noise as traffic travels over them  any noise complaints will be investigated and responded to promptly, including implementing additional noise mitigation measures, such as respite periods for rock-hammering and additional site hoarding as required

Vibration  pre-condition surveys will be completed prior to the commencement of construction to document the existing condition of adjacent buildings, heritage items and structures along the alignment  vibration levels associated with rock-breaking/ hammering/ vibratory rolling will be monitored to ensure that the criteria of 3mm/sec at the boundary of adjacent heritage structures is not exceeded (as per the German Standard DN 4150-3 Structural Vibration in Buildings – Effects on Structures)  should vibration monitoring indicate an exceedance of the heritage criteria of 3mm/s, smaller equipment and/ or alternate construction methods will need to be employed to meet the criteria  vibration monitoring will also be undertaken in response to any community complaints.

6.1.6 Non-Aboriginal heritage

Existing environment

Local heritage

The Stream Street package of works is located in the following heritage conservation areas, listed on the City of Sydney LEP 2012 (refer Figure 2 for locations):  Darlinghurst (William Street South) – C16  Woolloomooloo Conservation area – C71.

The following elements contribute to the heritage conservation area:  evidence of early road surfaces and associated features  stone kerbing, guttering and paving  sandstone steps and retaining walls  street furniture  cast iron letterboxes and bollards  signposts/ light posts  original pavement lights  fences/ railings

 trachyte or sandstone kerbs  milestones and ward markers.

There are also numerous LEP listed heritage buildings/ structures located adjacent to the works (refer to Figure 2).

These works will be in close proximity to Sydney Water’s stormwater channel and hexagonal sewer, which is listed on Sydney Water’s s170 heritage register. The Woolloomooloo stormwater system is of high historical and technical significance as it was one of the five original combined wastewater stormwater pipes built in Sydney around 1857.

The proposed new wastewater pipe will also be constructed adjacent to the Woolloomooloo Viaduct – underbridge, which is listed on RailCorp’s s170 heritage register. The Woolloomooloo viaduct was built between 1970-1972 and is significant in being the first and longest continuous prestressed concrete box-girder railway viaduct to be built in NSW. It was built as part of the Eastern Suburbs Railway line. The viaduct is a major visual component of the urban landscape in this area.

State heritage

The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain (RBGD) is listed on the State Heritage Register (SHR) and is located at the northern end of the Stream Street package of works.

Potential archaeology

The City of Sydney Council has prepared an Archaeological Zoning Plan (AZP) (CoS, 1992) which identifies areas within Central Sydney which contain archaeological potential. The Stream Street package of works is located outside the study area of the AZP. However, it does identify that the proposed wastewater stormwater separation works will run adjacent to two ‘Areas of Archaeological Potential’ (AAP), being the following:  50 Sir John Young Crescent, Eye Hospital  terrace group in Cathedral Crescent. Due to the presence of early settlement and the former creekline, a due diligence heritage assessment was undertaken (AAJV, 2016a) to determine if there was any potential for archaeology in the Stream Street package of works.

The proposed construction works will occur within the existing road network for the Woolloomooloo area. This road network has been in place since the area was first subdivided in the 1840s and most areas are unlikely to have historic archaeological deposits associated with it. It was initially thought that there was potential for archaeological remains associated with James Palmer’s Woollamoola Farm to remain.

However geotechnical investigations, with archaeological monitoring undertaken early 2016, revealed that the ground beneath the road have been significantly disturbed and no historic heritage relics were observed. Further the fill material present is likely to have contemporary origins and there is no likelihood of heritage potential beneath the road corridors (AAJV, 2016b)

Potential impacts

Local heritage

In general, the works involve installation of new pipes underground and therefore there will be no permanent impacts to the view or setting of the heritage conservation areas. However, potential construction impacts to the heritage features of the conservation area may occur, either directly through physical damage or indirectly through vibration impacts/ settlement.

There is also high likelihood that stone kerbing/ guttering (sandstone, trachyte), sandstone steps/ retaining walls will be disturbed during construction.

There is unlikely to be a need to impact on the structure of any heritage listed buildings, however, property connection lines may need to be constructed within the property boundaries. The pipes will be constructed underground and will therefore not impact upon the heritage value of the buildings.

There is the potential for accidental damage during construction or indirect impacts to local heritage items through vibration impacts associated with construction.

The proposed new wastewater pipe will cross over Sydney Water’s heritage listed stormwater channel and hexagonal sewer twice in Stream Street and once near Sir John Young Crescent (refer to Figure 2).

Measures to protect Sydney Water’s heritage listed stormwater channel, oviform, and hexagonal sewer will be incorporated into the detailed design and construction methods. Following completion of this project, Sydney Water’s heritage listed pipe will be only a stormwater pipe and therefore the s170 heritage listing will be updated to reflect the altered function of the heritage item.

A new DN 375 wastewater pipe will be located underground, approximately 2.5m from the footings of the Woolloomooloo viaduct and will not have any impact on the heritage significance of the structure.

State heritage

A new section of wastewater pipe will need to be installed within the curtilage of the RBGD, in the Domain carpark area. There will be no impact on the values of the State listed heritage item as the work will be below ground in an area already impacted by the Domain carpark, however as the works are located within the curtilage of a SHR listed property, the works will require approval from the Heritage Council of NSW under Section 60 of the Heritage Act 1977. As only minimal impacts are anticipated, an s57 (2) exemption will apply for this work. A heritage impact statement will be prepared during detailing design, demonstrating minimal heritage impacts, and this will be submitted to the Heritage Council, together with an application for an exemption permit.

Potential archaeology

The construction of the new wastewater pipe in Cathedral Street will be located 5-10m away from the AAP in Cathedral Street and 2m away from the AAP located at 50 Sir John Young Crescent. Given the new wastewater pipe will not be constructed within the lot boundaries identified as AAP and within previously disturbed roads, the potential for uncovering sub-surface archaeology is considered low, which was confirmed during geotechnical investigations.

The works will take place within the existing road network which has been in place since the area was subdivided in the early 1840s. John Palmer’s Woollamoola Farm (not the farmhouse) is known to be located in the area prior to construction of the roads however, it is not known what impacts (partial or full) may have occurred to this area during the original construction of the road network. The presumed location of Woollamoola House at the corner of William and Palmer Street will not be impacted. Monitoring provisions during construction will have stop work provisions, should historic heritage be identified.

 any sandstone/ trachyte/ heritage kerbs, retaining wall, pavement or other stonework that needs to be removed for construction will be photographed and numbered to ensure it can be reinstated to the original condition following construction works  if the original sandstone/ trachyte/ heritage kerbs/ gutter cannot be retained, they will be replaced in accordance with City of Sydney’s Guideline ‘Sydney Streets Technical Specification B4 Kerbs and Gutters’ and in consultation with council  any other heritage features that are located within the construction zone are to be removed if possible and stored in a safe place offsite until they can be reinstated following construction  if the heritage feature cannot be removed safely and temporarily stored during construction, consultation with local council prior to construction will be undertaken to agree and document the details for replacement  all heritage listed items and heritage conservation areas will be located on Site Plans included in the CEMP and all personnel will undergo an environmental induction which will include the location of heritage listed items and work within heritage conservation areas  any work adjacent to heritage listed properties will be undertaken carefully and a protective barrier installed if possible to prevent any accidental damage  construction of any property connection lines within a heritage listed property will restore the site to pre-existing conditions and not detract from the heritage values of the property  pre-condition surveys will be undertaken of any heritage listed property within 1m of any proposed rock-breaking/ jack-hammering activities  the contractor will take all necessary measures to support the existing s170 listed oviform and hexagonal sewer and access chambers when crossing over the pipe or when working adjacent to the pipe to ensure no damage to the existing structure  the contractor will ensure that the detailed design allows adequate distance to the s170 listed Woolloomooloo viaduct structure so that no impacts will occur, in consultation with RailCorp  an exemption permit will be obtained from the Heritage Council for any works in the Domain Carpark (within the RBGD curtilage) prior to construction  in the unlikely even a relic (or suspected relic) of heritage significance is discovered, all work in that area will cease and the Sydney Water’s Project Manager/ Heritage Advisor contacted for further advice.

6.1.7 Aboriginal heritage

Existing environment

Due to the presence of Aboriginal heritage sites registered on the Aboriginal Heritage Information Management Systems (AHIMS) in the Stream Street area, AAJV was commissioned to complete a Due Diligence Heritage Assessment (AAJV, 2016a). This study concluded the following:  three registered AHIMS sites are located within 200 m of the Stream Street area. One of the three sites is registered as a PAD, but has since been determined to be not a site  identified archaeological sites are lithic scatters located underneath historic fill within 50 metres of the original Yurong Creek alignment and coastline  during the 19th century, the Woolloomooloo area was used as a meeting place for Aboriginal groups, with estimates of up to 300 people attending such corroborees

 at least two Aboriginal burials are known to have been undertaken historically in the Woolloomooloo area. One of the individuals buried was from a neighbouring group, highlighting the importance of this area to the wider Aboriginal community  original landform features suited to repeated Aboriginal occupation may be present within the project area (under layers of fill), including level to gently inclined creek flats / floodplains and lower slopes associated with the former Yurong Creek. However, geotechnical information obtained in early 2016 revealed that the ground beneath the roads have been significantly disturbed from continual road upgrades, maintenance and construction of subsurface infrastructure.

Potential impacts

The geotechnical investigation confirmed there is no likelihood of Aboriginal heritage potential beneath the existing road corridors (AAJV, 2016b).

Mitigation measures  the site induction for construction personnel will include a section on the history of the area and the potential for uncovering Aboriginal or non-Aboriginal heritage items  in the unlikely event a suspected Aboriginal object is uncovered during construction, all works in the area will cease and the Sydney Water Project Manager and Heritage Advisor will be notified for further advice and assessment  if suspected human remains are uncovered during construction, all works in the area will cease and Sydney Water, Police and OEH will be notified for further advice and assessment.

6.1.8 Traffic and access

Existing environment

The construction of the project will cut across roads, which are major traffic routes accommodating high volumes of traffic and are important in the functioning of the traffic network within the Woolloomooloo and Sydney CBD area.

The Stream Street package of works includes work on or under the following roads:  Stream Street  Yurong Lane  William Street  Riley Street  Busby Lane  Faucet Lane  Turner Lane  Robinson Street  Cathedral Street  Crown Street  Sir John Young Crescent  Palmer Street.

Potential impacts

Access impacts are likely during trenching in small lanes such as Stream Street, Yurong Lane, Busby Lane, Faucet Lane and Turner Lane. These lanes are the often the only access for commercial and residential properties.

Traffic impacts are likely due to installation of new infrastructure along very busy roads such as Crown Street, Riley Street, Sir John Young Crescent and Cathedral Street. Underboring will be utilised wherever possible (such as crossing William Street and along Sir John Young Crescent) to minimise impacts to the extent possible. However, there are some streets (such as Crown Street and Riley Street) where trenching is required due to the amount of property connections required to the new wastewater pipe. In these instances, construction is likely to occur during out of hours periods (eg. night-time) to avoid causing peak hour traffic delays and public transport disruptions.

There is the potential to create parking impacts to local residents and businesses during parking lane closures required for trenching activities or underboring launch/ receival pits.

Trenching across driveways will be required to install property service lines and the new wastewater infrastructure. This has the potential to restrict pedestrian and vehicle access to private properties.

Mitigation measures  traffic management plans will be prepared in accordance with the Traffic Control at Work Sites Manual (RTA, 2010) and RTA Specifications G10 – Control of Traffic, and in consultation with council  any lane closures will be strictly in accordance with council or RMS road occupancy licences/ permits conditions, including notifying local residents and businesses  trenching in lanes such as Stream Street and Busby Lane will be undertaken in short sections using temporary road plates to enable residents/ businesses to access their building as needed throughout the works  qualified traffic controllers will be used to direct traffic around worksites  safe access points to work areas from the adjacent road network will be established, including safety measures such as security fencing and/ or barriers, maintaining site distance requirements, signage and the provision of traffic management measures  consultation with public transport operators and road users in the area will be undertaken prior to any lane closures/ traffic changes  consultation with local residents and businesses will be undertaken prior to any parking lane closures  parking for construction personnel and car-pooling (if required) will be investigated during construction planning so as to not cause too much impact on public parking spaces  pedestrian and vehicle access will be maintained to properties by alternative means, such as ramps, moveable steel road plates, diversions during any construction across driveway/ access points  consultation with residents/ businesses will occur prior to any access/ driveway disruptions.

6.1.9 Waste

Potential impacts

Construction earthworks will be the main source of potential waste. The project will involve excavation of road pavement and fill material. There is likely to be limited opportunity to reuse the material in backfill due to the nature of the fill material, limited stockpile areas and sequencing of the works. Imported material will be required for backfill once the pipes are laid in order to achieve the compaction requirements for trafficable areas. In addition to surplus spoil material, the project could also generate the following waste:  general construction waste including concrete, bricks, timber, redundant pipe/ fittings, paper, metal, glass  domestic waste including food scraps, cans, glass bottles, plastic, paper generated from site construction personnel  green waste from tree roots/ branches, landscape plantings (minimal).

Mitigation measures  waste will be minimised during construction planning and delivery according to the hierarchy of avoid, reuse, recycle and finally dispose  a waste log (including receipts) will be maintained by the contractor onsite to track all wastes leaving site  handling and disposal of any dangerous goods will occur according to Australian Standards  all spoil material will be appropriately classified and disposed of in accordance with EPA’s waste guidelines (2014).

6.1.10 Social and visual

Existing environment

Sensitive receivers in the area include (but are not limited to):  a range of local businesses including restaurants  high density residential properties  Kings Cross shopping district along William Street  Australian Museum and Sydney Grammar School, backing onto Yurong Lane  Sydney Eye hospital located on Crown Street.

Potential impacts

Visual impacts may be experienced as a result of the construction equipment, plant, workers, temporary construction fencing and excavation works. However, these impacts are temporary and all construction equipment and materials will be removed at completion of works and the sites fully restored to their pre-construction condition. Visual impacts may also occur with the use of lights for night works.

Surrounding businesses, residents and other sensitive receivers will also experience traffic delays and noise and vibration impacts during the works, as discussed above in Section 6.1.5 and 6.1.8. These impacts will be temporary and localised in nature and minimised to the extent possible.

There may be impacts to local businesses through disruption to access and short term amenity impacts during construction.

Mitigation measures  one on one consultation with affected stakeholders will be undertaken prior to works  all construction equipment and materials will be located within the designated worksite area or laydown area and not left lying in adjoining areas  construction worksites and compound/ laydown areas will be maintained in a clean and tidy condition at all times  accurate public information signs will be displayed while work is in progress and until site restoration is complete  any lighting required for out of hours works will be positioned to minimise any light spill to adjacent residents  where practicable, screens will be erected around the worksite bore pits to minimise visual impacts on adjacent landuses  on completion of works, all disturbed areas will be restored to their pre-construction condition  residents and businesses will be notified in advance of traffic and noise disruptions, for example, through local press and letters  any accidental damage to public or private property as a result of construction works will be repaired in consultation with the relevant agency or landowner.

6.2 Brougham Lane

6.2.1 Topography, geology and soils

Existing Environment

A desktop geotechnical study indicates that this section of work is underlain by Hawkesbury sandstone, though some fill may be present (AAJV, 2015).

This package of work is mapped as Class 5 ASS. ASS is not typically found in Class 5 areas. While the site is located within 500m of Class 2 mapped ASS, it is unlikely that the works will lower the water table in the Class 2 ASS. Therefore no further consideration of ASS is considered necessary for the Brougham Lane package of works.

A search of the EPA Contaminated Land Register on 18 August 2015 did not identify any records of contaminated land within the City of Sydney Local Government area. However, the soil profile is likely to comprise a mixture of natural ground and modified fill material due to past development activities.

Potential Impacts

The project will not impact on local topography as the pipelines will be installed below ground level. Trenches will be backfilled to match the existing ground level upon completion of the work.

There is minimal chance of encountering ASS during excavation in this package of work. However, there is a chance of encountering contaminated material during excavation in this area and if inappropriately managed, this could lead to environmental impacts to soils and waterways.

Mitigation Measures  waste classification of fill/ soil material will be undertaken during geotechnical investigations as part of the pre-construction phase.

6.2.2 Water and drainage

Existing environment

The closest waterway is Woolloomooloo Bay, located approximately 600m from this package of works. Site drainage from stormwater pits in the area would drain towards Woolloomooloo Bay.

A search of the NSW Department of Natural Resources database (September 2015) indicates there are 3 registered groundwater bores approximately 30m to the west of this package of work. The work summaries for these groundwater bores indicate that they were drilled to a depth of between 5-10m, with no groundwater being encountered (DPI, 2015).

Potential impacts

Concrete/ pavement cutting will be required for the construction works and there is the potential for concrete wash out from trucks or residue from saw-cutting, accidental spills or leaks of fuel/ chemicals to enter the stormwater system.

This package of work will not involve any underboring/ micro tunnelling activities.

Information from boreholes located nearby indicates that groundwater is unlikely to be encountered during the trenching works for Brougham Lane package of works. There may however be a need to dewater any rainwater/ surface runoff collected in open excavations.

Mitigation measures  clean surface run-off will be diverted around worksites, wherever possible  erosion and sediment controls will be installed in accordance with the ‘Blue Book – Managing Urban Stormwater – Soils and Construction’ (Landcom, 2004)  erosion and sediment controls will be inspected daily and after rainfall events and repaired/ maintained as required to ensure no offsite impacts  road pavements and footpaths around the construction site will be regularly swept to prevent off-site tracking of mud and dirt  any stockpiles will be located in skip bins, away from stormwater drains  all fuels and chemicals will be stored in an appropriately bunded area at all times (110% capacity) and in accordance with Australian Standards  plant/ equipment will not be used if there are any signs of fuel, oil or hydraulic leaks  any re-fuelling of plant or equipment will be undertaken using a mini-tanker with spill response kit or within a designated bunded area away from stormwater drains  any concrete residue/ wash out will be captured, cleaned up and disposed of to a licenced waste facility  a vacuum system will be used to collect any run off from concrete or saw-cutting  should any dewatering of excavations or groundwater be required during the works, this will be appropriately treated (if required) and disposed of to the wastewater system (after obtaining a Trade Waste Permit) or tankered offsite for disposal at a licensed waste facility.

6.2.3 Flora and Fauna

Existing environment, potential impacts and mitigation measures

There are no street trees or vegetation in the vicinity of the Brougham Lane package of works and therefore no mitigation measures are required.

6.2.4 Air quality

Existing environment

This work package includes low density residential and commercial receivers. Landuses which may be sensitive to potential air quality impacts include:  Kings Cross shopping district along William Street  residents along Brougham Lane and McElhone Street.

There are two existing ventilation shafts (vent shaft) for the combined pipeline on McElhone Street (176 and 180 McElhone Street).

Potential impacts

There is the potential for dust generation from excavation of trenches and spoil handling associated with the construction works. There could also be minor localised impacts to air quality associated with emissions from construction plant and machinery.

Access of wastewater maintenance shafts may also be required from time to time during construction and this may lead to the generation of odour if lids are left open.

Based on the concept design, the vent shaft at 176 McElhone Street is planned to be reconnected to the new wastewater pipe, while the vent shaft at 180 McElhone Street is likely to be sealed and removed, which will be determined during the detailed design. There will be no additional odour impacts from the vent shafts compared to the existing situation.

6.2.5 Noise and vibration

Existing environment

Due to the relatively minor nature of this package of works, no background noise monitoring was undertaken in this area as part of AAJV’s Construction Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment. However, existing background noise levels are expected to be relatively high and dominated by road traffic noise on William Street during the day, evening and night time periods.

Potential impacts

Noise

Construction noise impacts are expected to occur during saw-cutting, breaking of road pavement and excavation for trenching activities. The noise impacts will impact both residential and commercial receivers. To minimise access impacts to commercial properties, which have rear access to Brougham Lane (one way traffic), trenching on Brougham Lane may need to occur at night. This will be determined during construction planning, in consultation with adjacent properties and taking into consideration the advantages and disadvantages of day versus night works.

Other construction noise impacts will occur as a result of general construction noise, such as reversing beepers, operation of plant, equipment (eg. generators) and truck movements.

Vibration

Vibration impacts may occur during activities such as rock-breaking and have the potential to cause structural damage and/ or annoyance to adjacent receivers, as well as potential impacts to heritage buildings and other structures. There are no LEP listed heritage items located in the immediate vicinity of the works (refer to Figure 3) so there is unlikely to be any vibration impacts to heritage items.

- the contractor will seek approval from the Sydney Water Project Manager outlining the specific times and dates and providing justification

- high noise activities (such as saw-cutting/ pavement breaking) will be scheduled at the beginning of the shift (eg. prior to 11pm) where possible

- workers will be briefed on the need to minimise unnecessary noise (such as shouting, banging doors, etc)

- works will be planned to minimise the need for reversing beepers/ movement alarms on equipment

- all potentially impacted residents and sensitive receivers will be notified at least 7 days prior to commencing out of hours works and given contact details should they wish to make a complaint

- regular updates will be provided to inform residents of progress of out of hours works and likely noise impacts

6.2.6 Non-Aboriginal heritage

Existing environment

Local heritage

The Brougham Lane package of works is located in the following heritage conservation area, listed on the City of Sydney LEP 2012 (refer Figure 3 for location):  Woolloomooloo Conservation area – C71

The closest locally listed heritage items are the Telford Lodge (157-161 Brougham Lane, listed as Item I2129 in the Sydney LEP 2012), located approximately 50m to the north of the works and the Woolloomooloo Viaduct – underbridge (listed on RailCorp’s s170 heritage register) (refer to Figure 3 for locations).

There are no State listed heritage items in the vicinity of this package of works.

Local heritage

In general, the works involve installation of new pipes underground and therefore will not permanently impact on the view or setting of the heritage conservation area. However, potential construction impacts to the heritage features of the conservation area may occur, either directly through physical damage or indirectly through vibration impacts/ settlement.

There is also a high likelihood that stone kerbing/ gutters in Brougham Lane and McElhone Street will need to be removed during trenching works. These will be retained and re-instated in accordance with council’s Kerb and Gutter specifications (CoS, 2013).

Mitigation measures  public domain features including sandstone/ trachyte kerbs/ retaining walls, stone paving, original street furniture, cast iron bollards, etc will be retained and protected wherever possible during construction  any sandstone/ trachyte/ heritage kerbs, retaining wall, pavement or other stonework that needs to be removed for construction will be photographed and numbered to ensure it can be reinstated to the original condition following construction works  if the original sandstone/ trachyte/ heritage kerbs/ gutter cannot be retained, they will be replaced in accordance with City of Sydney’s Guideline ‘Sydney Streets Technical Specification B4 Kerbs and Gutters’ and in consultation with council  any other heritage features that are located within the construction zone are to be removed if possible and stored in a safe place offsite until they can be reinstated following construction  if the heritage feature cannot be removed safely and temporarily stored during construction, consultation with council prior to construction will be undertaken to agree and document the details for replacement  all heritage listed items and heritage conservation areas will be located on Site Plans included in the CEMP and all personnel will undergo an environmental induction which will include the location of heritage listed items and work within heritage conservation areas  if an relic (or suspected relic) of heritage significance is discovered, all work in that area will cease and the Sydney Water’s Project Manager/ Heritage Advisor contacted for further advice.

6.2.7 Aboriginal heritage

Existing environment and potential impacts

There are no recorded AHIMS sites located within 200m of this package of works and the works and not located in an archaeologically sensitive environment. An Aboriginal Due Diligence Assessment (Sydney Water, 2016) was undertaken for the proposed works which concluded that there was minimal risk of uncovering Aboriginal objects and that the works may proceed with caution.

Mitigation measures  if a suspected Aboriginal object is uncovered during construction, all works in the area will cease and the Sydney Water Project Manager and Heritage Advisor will be notified for further advice and assessment  if suspected human remains are uncovered during construction, all works in the area will cease and Sydney Water, Police and OEH will be notified for further advice and assessment.

6.2.8 Traffic and access

Existing environment and potential impacts Trenching to install the new wastewater pipeline will be required in McElhone Street and Brougham Lane and this is likely to create traffic and access impacts. There is vehicle access to three properties backing onto Brougham Lane, within numerous pedestrian doorways on Brougham Lane.

Trenching across driveways will be required to install the property service lines and the new wastewater pipeline. This has the potential to restrict pedestrian and vehicle access to private properties, particularly in Brougham Lane which is a one way street.

There is the potential to create impacts to local residents and businesses during parking lane closures required for trenching activities along McElhone Street.

Pedestrian access to Kings Cross Railway station is located on the opposite of the street to the construction works and it will be important to ensure that access to the railway station is maintained at all times for commuters and pedestrians.

Mitigation measures  traffic management plans will be prepared in accordance with the Traffic Control at Work Sites Manual (RTA, 2010) and RTA Specifications G10 – Control of Traffic, and in consultation with council  any lane closures will be strictly in accordance with council or RMS road occupancy licences/ permits conditions, including notifying local residents and businesses  trenching in Brougham Lane is likely to be undertaken in short sections using temporary road plates to enable residents/ businesses to access their buildings as needed throughout the works  qualified traffic controllers will be used to direct traffic around worksites  safe access points to work areas from the adjacent road network will be established, including safety measures such as security fencing and/ or barriers, maintaining site distance requirements, signage and the provision of traffic management measures  consultation with public transport operators and road users in the area will be undertaken prior to any lane closures/ traffic changes  consultation with local residents and businesses will be undertaken prior to any parking lane closures  parking during construction for the workforce and car-pooling (if required) will be investigated during construction planning so as to not cause too much impact on public parking spaces  pedestrian and vehicle access will be maintained to properties by alternative means, such as ramps, moveable steel road plates, diversions during any construction across driveway/ access points  consultation with residents/ businesses will occur prior to any access/ driveway disruptions.

6.2.9 Waste

Potential impacts

Construction earthworks will be the main source of potential waste. The project will involve excavation of road pavement and fill material. There is likely to be limited opportunity to reuse the material in backfill due to the nature of the fill material, limited stockpile areas and sequencing of the works. Imported material will be required for backfill once the pipes are laid in order to achieve the compaction requirements for roads. In addition to surplus spoil material, the project could also generate the following waste:  general construction waste including concrete, bricks, timber, redundant pipe/ fittings, paper, metal, glass  domestic waste including food scraps, cans, glass bottles, plastic, paper generated from site construction personnel  green waste from tree roots/ branches, landscape plantings (minimal).

6.2.10 Social and visual

Existing environment

Sensitive receivers in the area include (but are not limited to):  residential unit block at 170 McElhone Street  terrace houses at 172 – 184 McElhone Street  hair stylists at 186 and 188 McElhone Street  other surrounding residents on McElhone Street and Brougham Lane.

Potential impacts

Surrounding businesses, residents and other sensitive receivers may also experience traffic and noise and vibration impacts during the works, as discussed above in Section 6.2.5 and 6.2.8. These impacts will be temporary and localised in nature and minimised to the extent possible.

There may be impacts to local businesses through disruption to access and short term amenity impacts during construction.

6.3 Darlinghurst Road

6.3.1 Topography, geology and soils

Existing Environment

A desktop geotechnical study indicates that this section of work is underlain by Hawkesbury sandstone, though some fill may be present (AAJV, 2015).

Potential Impacts

The project will not impact on local topography as the pipelines will be installed below ground level. Trenches will be backfilled to match the existing ground level upon completion of the work.

Mitigation Measures  waste classification of fill/ soil material will be undertaken during geotechnical investigations as part of the pre-construction phase.

6.3.2 Water and drainage

Existing environment

The closest waterway is Woolloomooloo Bay, located over 600m from this package of works. Site drainage from stormwater pits in the area will drain towards Woolloomooloo Bay.

A search of the NSW Department of Natural Resources database (September 2015) indicates there are no registered groundwater bores near this package of works. The desktop geotechnical study undertaken also did not have any borehole or groundwater information for this area (AAJV, 2015).

Potential impacts

This package of work will not involve any underboring/ micro tunnelling activities.

There is a chance that groundwater will be encountered during trenching activities, however, due to the minor nature of trenching activities (conducted in short sections to a depth of 2-3.5m); quantities will be expected to be minimal (if any) and less than the 3 ML/year total inflow. Therefore a licence under the Water Act 1912 is not likely to be required for this package of works. There may however be a need to dewater rainwater/ surface runoff collected in open excavations during construction.

Mitigation measures  clean surface run-off will be diverted around worksites, wherever possible  erosion and sediment controls will be installed in accordance with the ‘Blue Book – Managing Urban Stormwater – Soils and Construction’ (Landcom, 2004)  erosion and sediment controls will be inspected daily and after rainfall events and repaired/ maintained as required to ensure no offsite impacts  road pavements and footpaths around the construction site will be regularly swept to prevent off-site tracking of mud and dirt  any stockpiles will be located in skip bins, away from stormwater drains  all fuels and chemicals will be stored in an appropriately bunded area at all times (110% capacity) and in accordance with Australian Standards  plant/ equipment will not be used if there are any signs of fuel, oil or hydraulic leaks  any re-fuelling of plant or equipment will be undertaken using a mini-tanker with spill response kit or within a designated bunded area away from stormwater drains  any concrete residue/ wash out will be captured, cleaned up and disposed of to a licenced waste facility  a vacuum system will be used to collect any run off from concrete or saw-cutting  should any dewatering of excavations or groundwater be required during the works, this will be appropriately treated (if required) and disposed of to the wastewater system (after obtaining a Trade Waste Permit) or tankered offsite for disposal at a licensed waste facility.

6.3.3 Flora and Fauna

Existing environment and potential impacts

There are a number of street trees located along the alignment of the Darlinghurst Road package of works. These trees are predominantly Platanus (plane) trees. Several of these trees are large (10-20m tall).

An arborist inspected the trees as part of the concept design stage. The arborists’ advice concluded that provided trenching is no closer than 1m from the trees and provided precautionary measures are implemented where excavation is within the precautionary zone (4 x tree circumference), no significant long term damage is expected to occur to the trees (Atkins, 2015b).

Mitigation measures  the contractor will engage an arborist to monitor works during trenching adjacent to the street trees along Darlinghurst Road  any tree branches will be tied back in preference to trimming, if there are located next to construction plant and equipment  cutting of any major roots (>300mm) will only be undertaken if absolutely necessary and in the presence of a qualified arborist  hand excavation may be required when in close proximity to the roots of street trees  adjacent trees will be protected from accidental damage by installing temporary fencing or flagging/ signage prior to commencing construction works.

6.3.4 Air quality

Existing environment

This work package includes residential and commercial receivers. Landuses which may be sensitive to potential air quality impacts include:  Kings Cross shopping district along William Street  St Vincents hospital and Green Park to the south of the works.

There are two existing vent shafts in this package of works, one in Whites Lane and one in Farrell Avenue.

Potential impacts

Access of wastewater maintenance shafts may also be required from time to time during construction and this may lead to the generation of odour if lids are left open.

The two existing vent shafts (Whites Lane and Farrell Avenue) will be reconnected to the new wastewater pipeline following completion of works. There is not anticipated to be any change to operational air quality as a result of the project.

6.3.5 Noise and vibration

Existing environment

The project is in a highly developed area, less than 1km from the CBD, so there is relatively high background noise. Most of the project runs past residential, commercial and other sensitive receivers. A Construction Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment was undertaken (AAJV, 2015b) to assess potential noise and vibration impacts from the works. This included background noise monitoring at several locations, including 233 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst between 14 -24 November 2015. This location was considered to be representative of the existing noise environment for the Darlinghurst Road package of works. The results indicate that the noise environment is characterised by high road traffic noise from vehicles on adjacent roads. The following rating background levels (RBL) were obtained:  Daytime (7am to 6pm) – 54 dB(A)  Evening (6pm- 10pm) – 61 dB(A)  Night (10pm to 7am) – 45 dB(A).

According to EPA’s Interim Construction Noise Guideline (EPA, 2009), the following Noise Management Levels (NML) (noise criteria) will apply for the Darlinghurst Road package of works:  Daytime works (RBL + 10dB) = 64dB(A)  Out of hours works - evening (RBL + 5dB) = 66dB(A)  Out of hours works – nighttime (RBL + 5dB) = 50dB(A)  Highly noise affected (all hours) – 75dB(A).

Potential impacts

Noise

Noise impacts will be greatest during cutting of pavement/ excavation work, particularly rock breaking of hard rock/ sandstone in some sections of the works. Trenching will occur adjacent to both low to medium-rise residential properties and commercial properties such as pubs, cafes and shops. The works may also produce noise impacts for the St John’s Anglican Church and Rectory, located mid-way along this package of works (refer to Figure 4).

Exceedances of the NML will occur at most receivers during trenching adjacent to their properties. The level of exceedances will reduce as trenching progresses, with the main level of noise impact outside individual receivers being 1-2 weeks.

Evening, night time and potential weekend noise impacts for sensitive receivers will occur at some of the sites where traffic impacts require work to be undertaken out of hours for road closures. Due to the proximity of receivers and nature of the work, exceedances of both the out of hours NML and highly noise affected level of 75dB(A) is likely during these out of hours works. There is limited opportunity to mitigate noise impacts with shielding/ hoarding adjacent to the works due to the presence of three storey terraces and other medium-rise residential receivers which make the mitigation unfeasible.

Other construction noise impacts will occur as a result of general construction noise, such as reversing beepers, operation of plant, equipment (eg. generators) and truck movements.

Vibration

Vibration impacts may occur during activities such as rock-breaking and have the potential to cause structural damage and/ or annoyance to adjacent receivers, as well as potential impacts to heritage buildings and other structures. There are four LEP listed heritage items and one State listed heritage item in proximity to the Darlinghurst Road package of works. The safe working distances outlined in Table 4 (see section 6.1.5 above) will be adopted to prevent impacts to heritage or other buildings.

- the contractor will seek approval from the Sydney Water Project Manager outlining the specific times and dates and providing justification

- high noise activities (such as saw-cutting/ pavement breaking) will be scheduled at the beginning of the shift (eg. prior to 11pm) where possible

- workers will be briefed on the need to minimise unnecessary noise (such as shouting, banging doors, etc)

- works will be planned to minimise the need for reversing beepers/ movement alarms on equipment

- all potentially impacted residents and sensitive receivers will be notified at least 7 days prior to commencing out of hours works and given contact details should they wish to make a complaint

- regular updates will be provided to inform residents of progress of out of hours works and likely noise impacts

- one on one consultation with sensitive receivers

 any road plates which are required prior to road restoration will be properly installed and maintained to ensure they don’t produce excessive noise as traffic travels over them  any noise complaints will be investigated and responded to promptly, including implementing additional noise mitigation measures, such as respite periods for rock-hammering and additional site hoarding as required

Vibration  pre-condition surveys will be completed prior to the commencement of construction to document the existing condition of adjacent buildings and structures  vibration levels associated with rock-breaking/ hammering/ vibratory rolling will be monitored to ensure that the criteria of 3mm/sec at the boundary of adjacent heritage structures is not exceeded (as per the German Standard DN 4150-3 Structural Vibration in Buildings – Effects on Structures)  should vibration monitoring indicate an exceedance of the heritage criteria of 3mm/s, smaller equipment and/ or alternate construction methods will need to be employed to meet the criteria  vibration monitoring will also be undertaken in response to any community complaints.

6.3.6 Non-Aboriginal heritage

Existing environment

Local heritage

The Darlinghurst Road package of works is located in the following heritage conservation areas, listed on the City of Sydney LEP 2012 (refer Figure 4 for locations):  Oxford Street and Victoria Street – C12  Rosebank – C14.

A number of locally listed heritage items are located along the Darlinghurst Road package of works, including:  Item I278 - Darlinghurst fire station  Item I281, I282, I283, I284, I285 – semi-detached terrace houses

 Item I363 – corner shop and house  Item I280 NSW Jewish War Memorial and Museum.

One state heritage item – the St John’s Anglican Church and Rectory - is located on Darlinghurst Road. The proposed works will be located approximately 5m from the listed property boundary and approximately 10m from the church building at the closest point.

The BOOS (s170 heritage listed) is located underneath Liverpool Street and the proposed new wastewater pipe will cross over it. However, the BOOS is over 20m deep in this area and will not be impacted by construction of the new pipe.

Potential impacts

There is also high likelihood that stone kerbing/ guttering (sandstone, trachyte) along Darlinghurst Road, Whites Lane and Farrell Avenue will need to be removed during trenching works.

As all construction works will be located within the road reserve no direct impacts are expected to any locally or state listed heritage items as a result of the project. There is the potential for accidental damage during construction or indirect impacts through vibration impacts associated with construction. These impacts are considered negligible provided the safe working distances for vibration are adhered to during construction works (refer to Table 4 in section 6.1.5).

Mitigation measures  public domain features including sandstone/ trachyte kerbs/ retaining walls, stone paving, original street furniture, cast iron bollards, etc will be retained and protected wherever possible during construction  any sandstone/ trachyte/ heritage kerbs, retaining wall, pavement or other stonework that needs to be removed for construction will be photographed and numbered to ensure it can be reinstated to the original condition following construction works  if the original sandstone/ trachyte/ heritage kerbs/ gutter cannot be retained, they will be replaced in accordance with City of Sydney’s Guideline ‘Sydney Streets Technical Specification B4 Kerbs and Gutters’ and in consultation with council  any other heritage features that are located within the construction zone are to be removed if possible and stored in a safe place offsite until they can be reinstated following construction  if the heritage feature cannot be removed safely and temporarily stored during construction, consultation with council prior to construction will be undertaken to agree and document the details for replacement  all heritage listed items and heritage conservation areas will be located on Site Plans included in the CEMP and all personnel will undergo an environmental induction which will include the location of heritage listed items and work within heritage conservation areas  any work adjacent to heritage listed properties will be undertaken carefully and a protective barrier installed if possible to prevent any accidental damage  construction of any property connection lines within a heritage listed property will restore the site to pre-existing conditions and not detract from the heritage values of the property.  pre-condition surveys will be undertaken of any heritage listed property within 1m of any proposed rock-breaking/ jack-hammering activities

 if an relic (or suspected relic) of heritage significance is discovered, all work in that area will cease and the Sydney Water’s Project Manager/ Heritage Advisor contacted for further advice.

6.3.7 Aboriginal heritage

Existing environment and potential impacts

There are no recorded AHIMS sites located within 200m of this package of works and the works and not located in an archaeologically sensitive environment. An Aboriginal Due Diligence assessment (Sydney Water, 2016) was undertaken for the proposed works which concluded that there was minimal risk of uncovering Aboriginal artefacts and that the works may proceed with caution.

6.3.8 Traffic and access

Existing environment and potential impacts

The new wastewater and stormwater pipes will need to be constructed within the road reserve of Darlinghurst Road, Farrell Avenue and Whites Lane.

Darlinghurst Road is a one-way road and the lane closest to the western footpath will need to be closed during construction of the proposed wastewater pipeline. The proposed stormwater pipe will need to be located approximately in the middle of Darlinghurst Road, due to the location of existing services in the road reserve. Traffic impacts and sequencing will need to be carefully managed to minimise impacts.

Farrell Avenue is a narrow, one-way lane and open trenching along the southern side of the lane will be required to install the new wastewater pipeline. This will need to be done in stages, to minimise access impacts to properties. Whites Lane is a narrow lane and construction by open trenching will need to be done in stages, to minimise access impacts.

There is also the Darlinghurst Fire Station in the northern section of this package of works and St Vincent’s hospital in the southern section of this package of works. Access to these will not be obstructed during construction works.

 trenching in Farrell Avenue is likely to be undertaken in short sections using temporary road plates to enable residents/ businesses to access their buildings as needed  qualified traffic controllers will be used to direct traffic around worksites  safe access points to work areas from the adjacent road network will be established, including safety measures such as security fencing and/ or barriers, maintaining site distance requirements, signage and the provision of traffic management measures  consultation with public transport operators and road users in the area will be undertaken prior to any lane closures/ traffic changes  consultation with local residents and businesses will be undertaken prior to any parking lane closures  parking during construction for the workforce and car-pooling (if required) will be investigated during construction planning so as to not cause too much impact on public parking spaces  pedestrian and vehicle access will be maintained to properties by alternative means, such as ramps, moveable steel road plates, diversions during any construction across driveway/ access points  consultation with residents/ businesses will occur prior to any access/ driveway disruptions  access to the Darlinghurst Fire Station and St Vincent’s hospital will be maintained at all times during construction.

6.3.9 Waste

Potential impacts

Construction earthworks will be the main source of potential waste. The project will involve excavation of road pavement and fill material. There is likely to be limited opportunity to reuse the material in backfill due to the nature of the fill material, limited stockpile areas and sequencing of the works. Imported material will be required for backfill once the pipes are laid in order to achieve the compaction requirements for roads. In addition to surplus spoil material, the project could also generate the following waste:  general construction waste including concrete, bricks, timber, redundant pipe/ fittings,  domestic waste including food scraps, cans, glass bottles, plastic, paper generated from site construction personnel  green waste from tree roots/ branches, landscape plantings (minimal).

6.3.10 Social and visual

Existing environment

Sensitive receivers in the area include (but are not limited to):  Darlinghurst Fire Station  Sydney Jewish Museum at the south eastern end of the works  St John’s Anglican Church and Rectory  St Vincent’s hospital at the south end of the works  other residential receivers located along Darlinghurst Road.

Potential impacts

Surrounding businesses, residents and other sensitive receivers may also experience traffic and noise and vibration impacts during the works, as discussed above. These impacts will be temporary and localised in nature and minimised to the extent possible.

There may be impacts to local businesses through disruption to access and short term amenity impacts during construction.

Mitigation measures  one on one consultation with affected stakeholders will be undertaken prior to works  all construction equipment and materials will be located within the designated worksite area or laydown area and not left lying in adjoining areas  construction worksites and compound/ laydown areas will be maintained in a clean and tidy condition at all times  accurate public information signs will be displayed while work is in progress and until site restoration is complete  any lighting required for out of hours works will be positioned to minimise any light spill to adjacent residents  where practicable, screens will be erected around the worksite bore pits to minimise visual impacts on adjacent landuses  all disturbed areas will be restored to their pre-construction condition at completion  residents and businesses will be notified in advance of traffic and noise disruptions, for example, through local press and letters  any accidental damage to public or private property as a result of construction works will be repaired in consultation with the relevant agency or landowner.

6.4 Forbes Street

6.4.1 Topography, geology and soils

Existing Environment

A desktop geotechnical study indicates that this package of work is in an area with fill to 2.5m depth (at the northern end of the alignment) and 1.2 to 1.5m (at the southern end of the alignment). The fill was described as silty sand/ gravelly sand. Below the fill is a thin layer of residual clay overlying Hawkesbury Sandstone bedrock (AAJV, 2015).

A search of the EPA Contaminated Land Register on 18 August 2015 did not identify any records of contaminated land within the City of Sydney Local Government area. However, as noted above, the soil profile is likely to comprise a mixture of natural ground and modified fill material due to past development activities.

Potential Impacts

The project will not impact on local topography as the pipelines will be installed below ground level. Trenches will be backfilled to match the existing ground level upon completion of the work.

Mitigation Measures  waste classification of fill/ soil material will be undertaken during geotechnical investigations as part of the pre-construction phase.

6.4.2 Water and drainage

Existing environment

The closest waterway is Woolloomooloo Bay, located over 600m from this package of works. Site drainage from stormwater pits in the area would drain towards Woolloomooloo Bay.

A search of the NSW Department of Natural Resources database (September 2015) indicates there are no registered groundwater bores near this package of works. The desktop geotechnical study undertaken and available borehole data do not indicate that groundwater was encountered in the fill or residual materials (AAJV, 2015).

Potential impacts

Due to the need to underbore beneath Williams Street and given the grades between the launch and receival pits, excavation of up to 10m deep may be required for the southern bore pit. It is likely that this will be below the groundwater levels. However, the quantities of groundwater encountered are anticipated to be less than the 3 ML/year total inflow. Therefore a licence under the Water Act 1912 is not likely to be required for this package of works. There may however be a need to dewater rainwater/ surface runoff collected in open excavations during construction.

Mitigation measures  clean surface run-off will be diverted around worksites, wherever possible  erosion and sediment controls will be installed in accordance with the ‘Blue Book – Managing Urban Stormwater – Soils and Construction’ (Landcom, 2004)  erosion and sediment controls will be inspected daily and after rainfall events and repaired/ maintained as required to ensure no offsite impacts  road pavements and footpaths around the construction site will be regularly swept to prevent off-site tracking of mud and dirt  any stockpiles will be located in skip bins, away from stormwater drains  all fuels and chemicals will be stored in an appropriately bunded area at all times (110% capacity) and in accordance with Australian Standards  plant/ equipment will not be used if there are any signs of fuel, oil or hydraulic leaks  any re-fuelling of plant or equipment will be undertaken using a mini-tanker with spill response kit or within a designated bunded area away from stormwater drains  any concrete residue/ wash out will be captured, cleaned up and disposed of to a licenced waste facility  a vacuum system will be used to collect any run off from concrete or saw-cutting  geotechnical investigations undertaken during detailed design will determine likely groundwater volumes and a licence under the Water Act 1912 will be obtained if these volumes are likely to exceed 3ML/year  should any dewatering of excavations or groundwater be required during the works, this will be appropriately treated (if required) and disposed of to the wastewater system (after obtaining a Trade Waste Permit) or tankered offsite for disposal at a licensed waste facility.

6.4.3 Flora and Fauna

Existing environment and potential impacts

There are a number of street trees located along the alignment of the Forbes Street package of works. These trees are predominantly Platanus (plane) trees and several of these trees are large (10-20m tall).

Mitigation measures  detailed design is to minimise any impacts to the street trees  the contractor is to engage the services of an arborist during trenching adjacent to the street trees  any tree branches will be tied back in preference to trimming, if there are located next to construction plant and equipment  cutting of any major roots (>300mm) will only be undertaken if absolutely necessary and in the presence of a qualified arborist  hand excavation may be required when in close proximity to the roots of street trees  adjacent trees will be protected from accidental damage by installing temporary fencing or flagging/ signage prior to commencing construction works.

6.4.4 Air quality

Existing environment

This work package includes residential, commercial, educational and health facilities. Landuses which may be sensitive to potential air quality impacts include:  Kings Cross shopping district along William Street  Sydney Church of England Grammar School (SCEGGS)  St Vincent’s Caritas Centre (mental health facility).

Potential impacts

Access of wastewater maintenance shafts may also be required from time to time during construction and this may lead to the generation of odour if lids are left open.

6.4.5 Noise and vibration

Existing environment

The project is in a highly developed area, less than 1km from the CBD, so there is relatively high background noise. Most of the project runs past residential, commercial and other sensitive receivers. A Construction Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment was undertaken (AAJV, 2015b) to assess potential noise and vibration impacts from the works. This included background noise monitoring at several locations, including 186 – 188 Forbes Street, Darlinghurst between 14 – 16 August 2015. This location was considered to be representative of the existing noise environment for the Forbes Street package of works. The results indicate that the noise environment is characterised by road traffic noise, although levels are not as high as other packages of work due to Forbes Street ending in a cul-de-sac at the stairs above William Street.

The following rating background levels (RBL) were obtained:  Daytime (7am to 6pm) – 48 dB(A)  Evening (6pm- 10pm) – 47 dB(A)  Night (10pm to 7am) – 42 dB(A).

According to EPA’s Interim Construction Noise Guideline (EPA, 2009), the following Noise Management Levels (NML) (noise criteria) will apply for the Forbes Street package of works:  Daytime works (RBL + 10) = 58dB(A)  Out of hours works - evening (RBL + 5dB) = 52dB(A)  Out of hours works – nighttime (RBL + 5dB) = 47dB(A)  Highly noise affected (all hours) – 75dB(A).

Potential impacts

Noise

A receival pit will need to be located on the eastern side of Forbes Street, south of St Peter’s Lane, within the parking lane. This is located outside a potentially sensitive receiver, the St Peter’s Church. Exceedances of the NML are expected during initial rock-breaking to excavate the receival pit; however, these exceedances are expected to diminish as the depth of the excavation progresses. Noise impacts at this location may occur for 8-12 weeks during the underboring works and construction of the drop shaft.

presence of three storey terraces and other medium-rise residential receivers which make the mitigation less effective.

Other construction noise impacts will occur as a result of general construction noise, such as reversing beepers, operation of plant, equipment (eg. generators) and truck movements.

Vibration

Vibration impacts may occur during activities such as rock-breaking and have the potential to cause structural damage and/ or annoyance to adjacent receivers, as well as potential impacts to heritage buildings and other structures. There are LEP listed heritage items located either side of Forbes Street package of works and one State listed heritage item to the north west of the package of works. The safe working distances recommended in Table 4 (refer to section 6.1.5) will be adhered to prevent impacts to heritage or other buildings.

- the contractor will seek approval from the Sydney Water Project Manager outlining the specific times and dates and providing justification

- high noise activities (such as saw-cutting/ pavement breaking) will be scheduled at the beginning of the shift (eg. prior to 11pm) where possible

- workers will be briefed on the need to minimise unnecessary noise (such as shouting, banging doors, etc)

- works will be planned to minimise the need for reversing beepers/ movement alarms on equipment

- all potentially impacted residents and sensitive receivers will be notified at least 7 days prior to commencing out of hours works and given contact details should they wish to make a complaint

- regular updates will be provided to inform residents of progress of out of hours works and likely noise impacts

Vibration  pre-condition surveys will be completed prior to the commencement of construction to document the existing condition of adjacent buildings and structures  vibration levels associated with rock-breaking/ hammering/ vibratory rolling will be monitored to ensure that the criteria of 3mm/sec at the boundary of adjacent heritage structures is not exceeded (as per the German Standard DN 4150-3 Structural Vibration in Buildings – Effects on Structures)  should vibration monitoring indicate an exceedance of the heritage criteria of 3mm/s, smaller equipment and/ or alternate construction methods will need to be employed to achieve the criteria  vibration monitoring will also be undertaken in response to any community complaints.

6.4.6 Non-Aboriginal heritage

Existing environment

Local heritage

The Forbes Street package of works is located in the following heritage conservation areas, listed on the City of Sydney LEP 2012 (refer Figure 5 for locations):  East Sydney – C13  Rosebank – C14.

 milestones and ward markers.

A number of locally listed heritage items are located along the Darlinghurst Road package of works, including:  Item I298 – Chard Stairs  Item I499 – Chards Building, 171 -175 William Street  Item I300 former St Peter’s Church of England group  Item I301 – SCEGGs, 165 – 215 Forbes Street  Item I302, former St Peter’s Rectory, 188 Forbes Street.

One state heritage item – the St Peter’s Church and Precinct is located adjacent to the works at 156 Forbes Street. The proposed works will be located approximately 10m from the curtilage of this heritage item.

The proposed new wastewater and stormwater pipes will traverse the s170 and state listed Bondi Ocean Outfall Sewer (BOOS), however, there will be no impacts as the new pipes will be located well above the depth of the BOOS (approximately 26m deep at this point).

Potential impacts

 any work adjacent to heritage listed properties will be undertaken carefully and a protective barrier installed if possible to prevent any accidental damage  construction of any property connection lines within a heritage listed property will restore the site to as close to pre-existing conditions and not detract from the heritage values of the property  pre-condition surveys will be undertaken of any heritage listed property within 1m of any proposed rock-breaking/ jack-hammering activities  if a relic (or suspected relic) of heritage significance is discovered, all work in that area will cease and the Sydney Water’s Project Manager/ Heritage Advisor contacted for further advice.

6.4.7 Aboriginal heritage

Existing environment and potential impacts

There are no recorded AHIMS sites located within 200m of this package of works and the works and not located in an archaeologically sensitive environment. An Aboriginal Due Diligence assessment (Sydney Water, 2016) was undertaken for the proposed works which concluded that there was minimal risk of uncovering Aboriginal objects and that the works may proceed with caution.

Mitigation measures  if a suspected Aboriginal heritage object is uncovered during construction, all works in the area will cease and the Sydney Water Project Manager and Heritage Advisor will be notified for further advice and assessment  if suspected human remains are uncovered during construction, all works in the area will cease and Sydney Water, Police and OEH will be notified for further advice and assessment.

6.4.8 Traffic and access

Existing environment and potential impacts

The new wastewater and stormwater pipes will need to be constructed within the road reserve of Forbes Street, Premier Lane and Liverpool Street. The wastewater pipe will also cross under William Street via underboring.

Forbes Street is a two way road and the underbore pit and trenching will occur in the eastern most parking lane.

Premier Lane is a narrow, one-way lane and open trenching along the southern side of the lane will be required to install the new wastewater pipe. This will need to be done in stages, to minimise access impacts to private properties.

Installation of the new wastewater and stormwater pipes will be required through the intersection of Liverpool Street and Forbes Street, which is a busy intersection. Impact may be minimised by utilising some construction space on the round-a-bout located at the intersection of these two streets.

Traffic impacts to William Street will be avoided by underboring the new wastewater pipeline beneath it.

Mitigation measures  traffic management plans will be prepared in accordance with the Traffic Control at Work Sites Manual (RTA, 2010) and RTA Specifications G10 – Control of Traffic, and in consultation with council  any lane closures will be strictly in accordance with council or RMS road occupancy licences/ permits conditions, including notifying local residents and businesses  trenching in Premier Lane is likely to be undertaken in short sections using temporary road plates to enable residents/ businesses to access their buildings as needed  qualified traffic controllers will be used to direct traffic around worksites  safe access points to work areas from the adjacent road network will be established, including safety measures such as security fencing and/ or barriers, maintaining site distance requirements, signage and the provision of traffic management measures  consultation with public transport operators and road users in the area will be undertaken prior to any lane closures/ traffic changes  consultation with local residents and businesses will be undertaken prior to any parking lane closures  parking during construction for the workforce and car-pooling (if required) will be investigated during construction planning so as to not cause too much impact on public parking spaces  pedestrian and vehicle access will be maintained to properties by alternative means, such as ramps, moveable steel road plates, diversions during any construction across driveway/ access points  consultation with residents/ businesses will occur prior to any access/ driveway disruptions.

6.4.9 Waste

Potential impacts

Construction earthworks will be the main source of potential waste. The project will involve excavation of road pavement and fill material. There is likely to be limited opportunity to reuse the material in backfill due to the nature of the fill material, limited stockpile areas and sequencing of the works. Imported material will be required for backfill once the pipes are laid in order to achieve the compaction requirements for roads. In addition to surplus spoil material, the project could also generate the following waste:  general construction waste including concrete, bricks, timber, redundant pipe/ fittings  domestic waste including food scraps, cans, glass bottles, plastic, paper generated from site construction personnel  green waste from tree roots/ branches, landscape plantings (minimal).

 all spoil material will be appropriately classified and disposed of in accordance with EPA’s waste guidelines (2014).

6.4.10 Social and visual

Existing environment

Sensitive receivers in the area include (but are not limited to):  St Peter’s Church and Precinct (closed in 1993, now used as SCEGG’s Great Hall)  Sydney Church of England Grammar School (SCEGGs)  Christian Scientist Church, corner of Liverpool and Forbes Streets  residents/ businesses located near the borehole entry and exit pits.

Potential impacts

There may be impacts to local businesses through disruption to access and short term amenity impacts during construction.

SCEGGs use the Forbes Street frontage as a drop-off and pick-up area during school time.

Mitigation measures  one on one consultation with affected stakeholders will be undertaken prior to works  all construction equipment and materials will be located within the designated worksite area or laydown area and not left lying in adjoining areas  construction worksites and compound/ laydown areas will be maintained in a clean and tidy condition at all times  accurate public information signs will be displayed while work is in progress and until site restoration is complete  any lighting required for out of hours works will be positioned to minimise any light spill to adjacent residents  where practicable, screens will be erected around the worksite bore pits to minimise visual impacts on adjacent landuses  all disturbed areas will be restored to their pre-construction condition at completion  residents and businesses will be notified in advance of traffic and noise disruptions, for example, through local press and letters  close consultation will occur with SCEGGs to ensure appropriate scheduling of works and access to the school at all times  any accidental damage to public or private property as a result of construction works will be repaired in consultation with the relevant agency or landowner.

6.5 Riley Street

6.5.1 Topography, geology and soils

Existing Environment

The Riley Street package of works is underlain by Ashfield Shale to the west of Riley Street. Hawkesbury sandstone lies below most of the eastern portion of the area (east of Yurong Street and Riley Street). Nearby borehole records are predominantly available in the northern end of the area and record fill to between 0.3m to 2.2m depth, overlying variable thickness of alluvium. Records show between 0.5m to 6m of medium plasticity silty clay (inferred to be alluvium of the Riley Street palaeochannel). Residual soils are present in thin layers, at between 6m to 6.1m depth, overlying bedrock which is encountered between 4m and 6.1m depth (AAJV, 2015).

Potential Impacts

The project will not impact on local topography as the pipelines will be installed below ground level. Trenches will be backfilled to match the existing ground level upon completion of the work.

There is minimal chance of encountering ASS during excavation in this package of work. There is a chance of encountering contaminated material during excavation in this area and if inappropriately managed, this could lead to environmental impacts to soils and waterways.

Mitigation Measures  waste classification of fill/ soil material will be undertaken during geotechnical investigations as part of the pre-construction phase.

6.5.2 Water and drainage

Existing environment

The closest waterway is Woolloomooloo Bay, located over 800m from this package of works. Site drainage from stormwater pits in the area would drain towards Woolloomooloo Bay.

A search of the NSW Department of Natural Resources database (September 2015) indicates there are 5 registered groundwater bores near this package of works, however, none of these bores recorded groundwater information, despite being drilled to depths ranging from 13m to 30m.

Other records indicate a groundwater level at the base of the fill of 2.4m below ground level and 10m deep within the sandstone aquifer (AAJV, 2015).

Potential impacts

There is the chance that groundwater will be encountered during trenching activities, however, due to the minor nature of trenching activities (conducted in short sections), the quantities of groundwater encountered are anticipated to be less than the 3 ML/year total inflow. Therefore a licence under the Water Act 1912 is not likely to be required for this package of works.

There may however be a need to dewater rainwater/ surface runoff collected in open excavations during construction.

Mitigation measures  clean surface run-off will be diverted around worksites, wherever possible  erosion and sediment controls will be installed in accordance with the ‘Blue Book – Managing Urban Stormwater – Soils and Construction’ (Landcom, 2004)  erosion and sediment controls will be inspected daily and after rainfall events and repaired/ maintained as required to ensure no offsite impacts  road pavements and footpaths around the construction site will be regularly swept to prevent off-site tracking of mud and dirt  any stockpiles will be located in skip bins, away from stormwater drains  all fuels and chemicals will be stored in an appropriately bunded area at all times (110% capacity) and in accordance with Australian Standards  plant/ equipment will not be used if there are any signs of fuel, oil or hydraulic leaks  any re-fuelling of plant or equipment will be undertaken using a mini-tanker with spill response kit or within a designated bunded area away from stormwater drains  any concrete residue/ wash out will be captured, cleaned up and disposed of to a licenced waste facility  a vacuum system will be used to collect any run off from concrete or saw-cutting  should any dewatering of excavations or groundwater be required during the works, this will be appropriately treated (if required) and disposed of to the wastewater system (after obtaining a Trade Waste Permit) or tankered offsite for disposal at a licensed waste facility.

6.5.3 Flora and Fauna

Existing environment and potential impacts

There are a number of street trees are located along the Riley Street alignment. These trees are predominantly Platanus (plane) trees and several of these trees are large (10-20m tall). There are also several paperbark (Melaleuca) trees located along Francis Lane and Yurong Street.

An arborist inspected the trees as part of the concept design stage. The arborists’ advice concluded that provided trenching is no closer than 1m from the trees and provided precautionary

measures are implemented where excavation is within the precautionary zone (4 x tree circumference), no significant long term damage is expected to occur to the trees (Atkins, 2015b).

Mitigation measures  detailed design is to minimise any impacts to street trees  the contractor is to engage the services of an arborist during trenching adjacent to the street trees  any tree branches will be tied back in preference to trimming, if there are located next to construction plant and equipment  cutting of any major roots (>300mm) will only be undertaken if absolutely necessary and in the presence of a qualified arborist  hand excavation may be required when in close proximity to the roots of street trees  adjacent trees will be protected from accidental damage by installing temporary fencing or flagging/ signage prior to commencing construction works.

6.5.4 Air quality

Existing environment

This work package includes residential, commercial, educational and health facilities. Landuses which may be sensitive to potential air quality impacts include:  Sydney Grammar School near Stanley Lane  Darlinghurst shopping district to the south along Oxford Street.

There are six existing vent shafts in this package of work which will need to be disconnected from the existing combined pipe and reconnected to the new wastewater pipeline following completion of works.

Potential impacts

Access of wastewater maintenance shafts may also be required from time to time during construction and this may lead to the generation of odour if lids are left open.

There is not expected to be any change to operational air quality following completion of the project.

 footpaths, roads, access points and other areas adjacent to the worksite will be swept regularly to minimise any dust generation or dirt tracking  the number of maintenance shafts left open at any one time and the duration they are open will be minimised.

6.5.5 Noise and vibration

Existing environment

The project is in a highly developed area, less than 1km from the CBD, so there is relatively high background noise. Most of the project runs past residential, commercial and other sensitive receivers. A Construction Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment was undertaken (AAJV, 2015b) to assess potential noise and vibration impacts from the works. This included background noise monitoring at several locations, including 71 – 73 Stanley Street, Darlinghurst between 18 – 25 November 2014. This location was considered to be representative of the existing noise environment for the Riley Street package of works. The results indicate that the noise environment is characterised by high road traffic noise, particularly during the evening period.

The following rating background levels (RBL) were obtained:  Daytime (7am to 6pm) – 52 dB(A)  Evening (6pm- 10pm) – 56 dB(A)  Night (10pm to 7am) – 47 dB(A).

According to EPA’s Interim Construction Noise Guideline (EPA, 2009), the following Noise Management Levels (NML) (noise criteria) will apply for the Riley Street package of works:  Daytime works (RBL + 10) = 62 dB(A)  Out of hours works - evening (RBL + 5dB) = 61 dB(A)  Out of hours works – nighttime (RBL + 5dB) = 52 dB(A)  Highly noise affected (all hours) – 75dB(A).

Potential impacts

Noise

A receival pit will need to be located in Francis Lane to install the stormwater line beneath the private properties. Noise impacts at this location may occur for 4-6 weeks while the underboring works are completed.

highly noise affected level of 75dB(A) is likely during these out of hours works. There is limited opportunity to mitigate noise impacts with shielding/ hoarding adjacent to the works due to the presence of medium to high-rise residential receivers which make the mitigation less effective.

Other construction noise impacts will occur as a result of general construction noise, such as reversing beepers, operation of plant, equipment (eg. generators) and truck movements.

Vibration

Vibration impacts may occur during activities such as rock-breaking and have the potential to cause structural damage and/ or annoyance to adjacent receivers, as well as potential impacts to heritage buildings and other structures. There are LEP listed heritage items located adjacent to the Riley Street package of works. The safe working distances recommended in Table 4 (refer to section 6.1.5) will be adhered to prevent impacts to heritage or other buildings.

- the contractor will seek approval from the Sydney Water Project Manager outlining the specific times and dates and providing justification

- high noise activities (such as saw-cutting/ pavement breaking) will be scheduled at the beginning of the shift (eg. prior to 11pm) where possible

- workers will be briefed on the need to minimise unnecessary noise (such as shouting, banging doors, etc)

- works will be planned to minimise the need for reversing beepers/ movement alarms on equipment

- all potentially impacted residents and sensitive receivers will be notified at least 7 days prior to commencing out of hours works and given contact details should they wish to make a complaint

- regular updates will be provided to inform residents of progress of out of hours works and likely noise impacts

Vibration  pre-condition surveys will be completed prior to the commencement of construction to document the existing condition of adjacent buildings and structures  vibration levels associated with rock-breaking/ hammering/ vibratory rolling will be monitored to ensure that the criteria of 3mm/sec at the boundary of adjacent heritage structures is not exceeded (as per the German Standard DN 4150-3 Structural Vibration in Buildings – Effects on Structures)  should vibration monitoring indicate an exceedance of the heritage criteria of 3mm/s, smaller equipment and/ or alternate construction methods will need to be employed to achieve the criteria  vibration monitoring will also be undertaken in response to any community complaints.

6.5.6 Non-Aboriginal heritage

Existing environment

Local heritage

The Riley Street package of works is located in the following heritage conservation area, listed on the City of Sydney LEP 2012 (refer Figure 6 for location):  East Sydney – C13.

Approximately 80 locally listed heritage items are located adjacent to the Riley Street package of works. These items are listed on the Sydney LEP 2012 and the majority of these items are terrace hours or groups of terrace houses.

There are no State listed heritage items adjacent to the Riley Street package of works, with the closest one being located at 56 Oxford Street, approximately 30m from the closest works on Burton Street.

The proposed new wastewater pipe will traverse the s170 and State listed Bondi Ocean Outfall Sewer (BOOS), however, there will be no impacts as the new pipes will be located well above the depth of the BOOS (approximately 20m deep at this point).

The proposed new wastewater pipe will also be constructed in close proximity to Sydney Water’s stormwater channel and hexagonal sewer, which is listed on Sydney Water’s s170 heritage register.

Potential impacts

There is also high likelihood that stone kerbing/ guttering (sandstone, trachyte), sandstone steps/ retaining walls will be disturbed during construction.

There is the potential for accidental damage during construction or indirect impacts through vibration impacts associated with construction.

The new wastewater pipe will cross over Sydney Water’s stormwater channel and hexagonal sewer at Francis Street, Riley Street, Liverpool Lane and Crown Lane (refer to Figure 6). A small section of the new Crown Street wastewater pipe may need to be constructed using trenchless methods where it crosses this heritage item, to protect the integrity of the stone arch.

Measures to protect Sydney Water’s heritage listed stormwater channel, oviform, and hexagonal sewer will be incorporated into the detailed design and construction methods. Following completion of this project, Sydney Water’s heritage listed pipe will be only a stormwater channel and therefore the s170 heritage listing will be updated to reflect the altered function of the heritage item.

 any other heritage features that are located within the construction zone are to be removed if possible and stored in a safe place offsite until they can be reinstated following construction  if the heritage feature cannot be removed safely and temporarily stored during construction, consultation with council prior to construction will be undertaken to agree and document the details for replacement  all heritage listed items and heritage conservation areas will be located on Site Plans included in the CEMP and all personnel will undergo an environmental induction which will include the location of heritage listed items and work within heritage conservation areas  any work adjacent to heritage listed properties will be undertaken carefully and a protective barrier installed if possible to prevent any accidental damage  construction of any property connection lines within a heritage listed property will restore the site to as close to pre-existing conditions and not detract from the heritage values of the property  pre-condition surveys will be undertaken of any heritage listed property within 5m of any proposed rock-breaking/ jack-hammering activities  the contractor will take all necessary measures to support the existing oviform and hexagonal sewer, access chambers when crossing over the pipe or when working adjacent to the pipe to ensure no damage to existing structure  if an relic (or suspected relic) of heritage significance is discovered, all work in that area will cease and the Sydney Water’s Project Manager/ Heritage Advisor contacted for further advice.

6.5.7 Aboriginal heritage

Existing environment and potential impacts

There are no recorded AHIMS sites located within 200m of this package of works and the works and not located in an archaeologically sensitive environment. An Aboriginal Due Diligence assessment (Sydney Water, 2016) was undertaken for the proposed works which concluded that there was minimal risk of uncovering Aboriginal object and that the works may proceed with caution.

6.5.8 Traffic and access

Existing environment and potential impacts

The project involves work on or under the following roads:  Stanley Street  Francis Lane

 Riley Street  Chapel Street  O’Briens Lane  Crown Street  Yurong Street  Hargrave Lane  Seale Street  Liverpool Lane  Liverpool Street  Kings Lane  Burton Street  Foley Street  Palmer Street.

Access impacts are likely during trenching in small lanes such as Francis Lane and Hargrave Lane. These lanes are the often the only access for commercial and residential properties.

Traffic impacts are likely due to installation of new infrastructure along very busy roads such as Crown Street, Riley Street and Liverpool Street. Open trenching is required in most of the streets due to the amount of property connections required to the new wastewater pipe. In these instances, construction is likely to occur during out of hours periods (eg. night-time) to avoid causing peak hour traffic delays and public transport disruptions.

There is the potential to create impacts to local residents and businesses during parking lane closures required for trenching activities.

 parking during construction for the workforce and car-pooling (if required) will be investigated during construction planning so as to not cause too much impact on public parking spaces  pedestrian and vehicle access will be maintained to properties by alternative means, such as ramps, moveable steel road plates, diversions during any construction across driveway/ access points  consultation with residents/ businesses will occur prior to any access/ driveway disruptions.

6.5.9 Waste

Potential impacts

Construction earthworks will be the main source of potential waste. The project will involve excavation of road pavement and fill material. There is likely to be limited opportunity to reuse the material in backfill due to the nature of the fill material, limited stockpile areas and sequencing of the works. Imported material will be required for backfill once the pipes are laid in order to achieve the compaction requirements for roads. In addition to surplus spoil material, the project could also generate the following waste:  general construction waste including concrete, bricks, timber, redundant pipe/ fittings  domestic waste including food scraps, cans, glass bottles, plastic, paper generated from site construction personnel  green waste from tree roots/ branches, landscape plantings (minimal).

6.5.10 Social and visual

Existing environment

Sensitive receivers in the area include (but are not limited to):  Pullmans Sydney Hotel (corner of College and Francis Street)  Oaks Hyde Park Plaza (corner of College and Oxford Street)  Unitarian Church (Francis Street)  St Paul’s Lutheran Church (College Lane)  Sydney Grammar School (corner of College Street and Stanley Lane)  a range of local businesses, including restaurants and cafes.

Potential impacts

There may be impacts to local businesses through disruption to access and short term amenity impacts during construction.

Mitigation measures  one on one consultation with affected stakeholders will be undertaken prior to works  all construction equipment and materials will be located within the designated worksite area or laydown area and not left lying in adjoining areas  construction worksites and compound/ laydown areas will be maintained in a clean and tidy condition at all times  accurate public information signs will be displayed while work is in progress and until site restoration is complete  any lighting required for out of hours works will be positioned to minimise any light spill to adjacent residents  where practicable, screens will be erected around the worksite bore pits to minimise visual impacts on adjacent landuses  all disturbed areas will be restored to their pre-construction condition at completion  residents and businesses will be notified in advance of traffic and noise disruptions, for example, through local press and letters  any accidental damage to public or private property as a result of construction works will be repaired in consultation with the relevant agency or landowner.

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6.6 Womerah Avenue

6.6.1 Topography, geology and soils

Existing Environment

The Womerah Avenue section of works is mapped as Class 5 ASS, meaning the chance of encountering ASS during the works is very unlikely.

No previous geotechnical study is available for this area. However, review of ‘Work as Executed’ drawings for previous wastewater installations shows bedrock at shallow depth, in the vicinity of the new wastewater pipes.

There is no known contaminated land, or EPA registered sites within 500m of the Womerah Avenue area of works. Regardless the project will be undertaken within areas that have been subject to modification associated with the construction and installation of road and utility infrastructure and residential development. The soil profiles at these sites are likely to comprise a mixture of natural ground and modified fill material. Where modified fill is present, there is a potential for contaminated material to be encountered.

Potential Impacts

The project will not impact on local topography as the pipelines will be installed below ground level. Trenches will be backfilled to match the existing ground level upon completion of the work.

Mitigation Measures  waste classification of fill/ soil material will be undertaken during geotechnical investigations as part of the pre-construction phase.

6.6.2 Water and drainage

Existing environment

Womerah Avenue would drain via the stormwater system to Rushcutters Bay, which is located over 800m away from the proposed works.

A search of the NSW Department of Natural Resources database (March 2016) indicates there are no registered groundwater bores near this area of works.

Potential impacts

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This package of work will not involve any underboring/ micro tunnelling activities.

Information from boreholes located nearby indicates that groundwater is unlikely to be encountered during the trenching works for Womerah Avenue package of works. There may however be a need to dewater any rainwater/ surface runoff collected in open excavations.

Mitigation measures  clean surface run-off will be diverted around worksites, wherever possible  erosion and sediment controls will be installed in accordance with the ‘Blue Book – Managing Urban Stormwater – Soils and Construction’ (Landcom, 2004)  erosion and sediment controls will be inspected daily and after rainfall events and repaired/ maintained as required to ensure no offsite impacts  road pavements and footpaths around the construction site will be regularly swept to prevent off-site tracking of mud and dirt  any stockpiles will be located in skip bins, away from stormwater drains  all fuels and chemicals will be stored in an appropriately bunded area at all times (110% capacity) and in accordance with Australian Standards  plant/ equipment will not be used if there are any signs of fuel, oil or hydraulic leaks  any re-fuelling of plant or equipment will be undertaken using a mini-tanker with spill response kit or within a designated bunded area away from stormwater drains  any concrete residue/ wash out will be captured, cleaned up and disposed of to a licenced waste facility  a vacuum system will be used to collect any run off from concrete or saw-cutting  should any dewatering of excavations or groundwater be required during the works, this will be appropriately treated (if required) and disposed of to the wastewater system (after obtaining a Trade Waste Permit) or tankered offsite for disposal at a licensed waste facility.

6.6.3 Flora and Fauna

Existing environment and potential impacts

A number of street trees/ landscape plantings occur near the Womerah Avenue package of works and these will be protected during the works.

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6.6.4 Air quality

Existing environment

This work package includes low density residential, educational, health and commercial receivers. Landuses which may be sensitive to potential air quality impacts include:  Darlinghurst Public School  Darlo Play Centre (childcare centre)  various health facilities in the area.

Potential impacts

Access of wastewater maintenance shafts may also be required from time to time during construction and this may lead to the generation of odour if lids are left open.

6.6.5 Noise and vibration

Existing environment

Due to the relatively minor nature of this package of works, no background noise monitoring was undertaken in this area. However, existing background noise levels are expected to be relatively high and dominated by road traffic noise on Liverpool Street and local traffic on Womerah Avenue and Little West Street.

Potential impacts

Noise

Construction noise impacts are expected to occur during saw-cutting, breaking of road pavement and excavation for trenching activities. The noise will impact residential properties and potentially Darlinghurst Public School.

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Other construction noise impacts will occur as a result of general construction noise, such as reversing beepers, operation of plant, equipment (eg. generators) and truck movements.

Vibration

Vibration impacts may occur during activities such as rock-breaking and have the potential to cause structural damage and/ or annoyance to adjacent receivers, as well as potential impacts to heritage buildings and other structures. There are no LEP listed heritage items located in the immediate vicinity of the works (refer to Figure 7) so there is unlikely to be any vibration impacts to heritage items.

Mitigation measures  inform potentially noise affected neighbours/ businesses about the nature of the construction stages and the duration of noisier activities (eg. rock-breaking)  contact details will be provided on project signage at each worksite  noise attenuated equipment, residential class mufflers and noise shielding around stationary plant (eg. generators) will be used wherever possible  plant and equipment will be regularly maintained and replaced/ repaired if they become excessively noisy  the worksite will be arranged to minimise the use of reversing/ movement alarms if possible (i.e. one way in, one way out in forward direction)  noisy plant (eg. generators) will be located away from potentially noise affected neighbours or behind barriers, such as sheds or walls wherever possible  construction work will be between 7am-6pm (Monday to Friday), 8am -1pm (Saturday), and no works on Sundays or public holidays, wherever possible  if out of hours works are unavoidable (due to lane closure requirements specified by RMS or council) the following will occur:

- the contractor will seek approval from the Sydney Water Project Manager outlining the specific times and dates and providing justification

- the contractor’s environmental representative will assess whether additional impact assessment is required and what specific noise mitigation measures are required (eg. monitoring, barriers, acoustic blankets)

- high noise activities (such as saw-cutting/ pavement breaking) will be scheduled at the beginning of the shift (eg. prior to 11pm) where possible

- workers will be briefed on the need to minimise unnecessary noise (such as shouting, banging doors, etc)

- works will be planned to minimise the need for reversing beepers/ movement alarms on equipment

- all potentially impacted residents and sensitive receivers will be notified at least 7 days prior to commencing out of hours works and given contact details should they wish to make a complaint  any road plates which are required prior to road restoration will be properly installed and maintained to ensure they don’t produce excessive noise as traffic travels over them

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 any noise complaints will be investigated and responded to promptly, including implementing additional noise mitigation measures, such as respite periods for rock-hammering and additional site hoarding as required

6.6.6 Non-Aboriginal heritage

Existing environment

Local heritage

The Womerah Avenue package of works is located in the following heritage conservation area, listed on the City of Sydney LEP 2012 (refer Figure 7 for location):  Barcom Avenue heritage conservation area – C11

The closest locally listed heritage item is the Darlinghurst Public School, located approximately 50m away on the other side of the road. The Womerah Avenue package of works will be located approximately 100m from BOOS (s170 heritage listed), which is approximately 20m deep in this area.

There are no state listed heritage items in the vicinity of this package of works.

Local heritage

There is also a high likelihood that stone kerbing/ gutters in Womerah Avenue will need to be removed during trenching works. These will be retained and re-instated in accordance with council’s Kerb and Gutter specifications (CoS, 2013).

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Due to distance from the works, there is unlikely to be any construction vibration impacts to the heritage listed Darlinghurst Public School or BOOS.

Mitigation measures  public domain features including sandstone/ trachyte kerbs/ retaining walls, stone paving, original street furniture, cast iron bollards, etc will be retained and protected wherever possible during construction  any sandstone/ trachyte/ heritage kerbs, retaining wall, pavement or other stonework that needs to be removed for construction will be photographed and numbered to ensure it can be reinstated to the original condition following construction works  if the original sandstone/ trachyte/ heritage kerbs/ gutter cannot be retained, they will be replaced in accordance with City of Sydney’s Guideline ‘Sydney Streets Technical Specification B4 Kerbs and Gutters’ and in consultation with council  any other heritage features that are located within the construction zone are to be removed if possible and stored in a safe place offsite until they can be reinstated following construction  if the heritage feature cannot be removed safely and temporarily stored during construction, consultation with council prior to construction will be undertaken to agree and document the details for replacement  all heritage listed items and heritage conservation areas will be located on Site Plans included in the CEMP and all personnel will undergo an environmental induction which will include the location of heritage listed items and work within heritage conservation areas  if an object (or suspected object) of heritage significance is discovered, all work in that area will cease and the Sydney Water’s Project Manager/ Heritage Advisor contacted for further advice.

6.6.7 Aboriginal heritage

Existing environment and potential impacts

There are no recorded AHIMS sites located within 200m of this package of works and the works and not located in an archaeologically sensitive environment. An Aboriginal Due Diligence assessment (Sydney Water, 2016) was undertaken for the proposed works which concluded that there was minimal risk of uncovering Aboriginal artefacts and that the works may proceed with caution.

6.6.8 Traffic and access

Existing environment and potential impacts

The project involves work on or under the following roads:  Womerah Avenue

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 Little Surrey Street.

Access impacts are likely during trenching in small lanes such as Little Surrey Street and traffic impacts are likely due to installation of the new wastewater pipe in Womerah Avenue.

There is the potential to create impacts to local residents and businesses during parking lane closures required for trenching activities.

Mitigation measures  traffic management plans will be prepared in accordance with the Traffic Control at Work Sites Manual (RTA, 2010) and RTA Specifications G10 – Control of Traffic, and in consultation with council  any lane closures will be strictly in accordance with council or RMS road occupancy licences/ permits conditions, including notifying local residents and businesses  trenching in narrow lanes is likely to be undertaken in short sections using temporary road plates to enable residents/ businesses to access their buildings as needed throughout the works  qualified traffic controllers will be used to direct traffic around worksites  safe access points to work areas from the adjacent road network will be established, including safety measures such as security fencing and/ or barriers, maintaining site distance requirements, signage and the provision of traffic management measures  consultation with public transport operators and road users in the area will be undertaken prior to any lane closures/ traffic changes  consultation with local residents and businesses will be undertaken prior to any parking lane closures  parking during construction for the workforce and car-pooling (if required) will be investigated during construction planning so as to not cause too much impact on public parking spaces  pedestrian and vehicle access will be maintained to properties by alternative means, such as ramps and steel road plates, diversions during any construction across driveway/ access points  consultation with residents/ businesses will occur prior to any access/ driveway disruptions.

6.6.9 Waste

Potential impacts

Construction earthworks will be the main source of potential waste. The project will involve excavation of road pavement and fill material. There is likely to be limited opportunity to reuse the material in backfill due to the nature of the fill material, limited stockpile areas and sequencing of the works. Imported material will be required for backfill once the pipes are laid in order to achieve the compaction requirements for roads. In addition to surplus spoil material, the project could also generate the following waste:  general construction waste including concrete, bricks, timber, redundant pipe/ fittings, paper, metal, glass  domestic waste including food scraps, cans, glass bottles, plastic, paper generated from site construction personnel  green waste from tree roots/ branches, landscape plantings (minimal).

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6.6.10 Social and visual

Existing environment

Sensitive receivers in the area include (but are not limited to):  Darlinghurst Public School  St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research (AMR)  The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute  Garvan Institute of Medical Research  Darlo Play Centre (Childcare centre).

Potential impact

Short term visual impacts will result from the construction works. These will be limited to occurrence for the duration of construction. Other social impacts include noise, traffic and property access impacts as addressed above. There may be impacts to local businesses through disruption to access and short term amenity impacts during construction.

Mitigation measures  one on one consultation with affected stakeholders will be undertaken prior to works  all construction equipment and materials will be located within the designated worksite area or laydown area and not left lying in adjoining areas  construction worksites and compound/ laydown areas will be maintained in a clean and tidy condition at all times  accurate public information signs will be displayed while work is in progress and until site restoration is complete  any lighting required for out of hours works will be positioned to minimise any light spill to adjacent residents  where practicable, screens will be erected around the worksite bore pits to minimise visual impacts on adjacent landuses  all disturbed areas will be restored to their pre-construction condition at completion  residents and businesses will be notified in advance of traffic and noise disruptions, for example, through local press and letters  any accidental damage to public or private property as a result of construction works will be repaired in consultation with the relevant agency or landowner.

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6.7 Cumulative impact

Given that there are several separate sites within a relatively close proximity (3km radius), construction works across all sites has the potential to result in cumulative impacts. Despite this the works are likely to be undertaken by a single contractor who may undertake each work package in succession in order to manage resources. Where there are connections to pipes between the various sites, works will need to be undertaken sequentially so that the new pipelines can be connected to the updated system. It is therefore unlikely that there will be cumulative impacts as a result of multiple construction activities related to this project being undertaken simultaneously.

It is possible that cumulative impacts could occur as a result of this project being undertaken at the same time as other construction projects by other agencies in the general area, for example works being undertaken by The City of Sydney Council, the National Broadband Network (NBN) and/ or various telecommunication cables.

All construction work carried out by various agencies is progressively being loaded into the NSW Government’s ‘Smart Scheduler NSW’, a new web based tool to help local councils and utility providers across NSW to share and coordinate their schedules. This project is loaded onto this website, which will assist in minimising cumulative impacts with other projects.

In addition, the City of Sydney maintains a Capital Works Program for civil construction works planned for each financial year within the Sydney LGA. During detailed construction planning, Sydney Water and its contractor will liaise closely with City of Sydney and other infrastructure providers to ensure construction works are coordinated so that community disruption, utility clashes and potential re-work is minimised and/ or avoided.

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7. Environmental management

7.1 Construction Environmental Management Plan

Before construction starts, the contractor will prepare a Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP), which will cover construction and commissioning phases of the proposed work. The CEMP will include, but not be limited to, the mitigation measures outlined in section 6 of this REF, and must be approved by Sydney Water before construction commences.

The CEMP will be updated if there is a significant change to the scope of work or construction methods. The contractor will provide sufficient training at the site to ensure effective environmental management throughout the duration of the contract. 7.2 Incident Management Plan

An Incident Management Plan (IMP) will be prepared for the construction phase and include emergency procedures and contingency plans for dealing with incidents, including those with potential environmental impacts, such as:  a leakage or spill of wastewater or other hazardous material  accidental damage or unexpected discovery of a relic or Aboriginal object  onset of a large rainfall events during construction.

The IMP will also include a clear statement of accountabilities, identify all risks and address the following issues:  prevention of incidents  preparedness for incidents  declaration of incidents  early notification of incidents  response to and recovery from incidents.

The IMP will include the contact telephone numbers and 24 hour contact procedures for persons nominated by the contractor/Project Manager to prevent, prepare for, respond to and recover from incidents. The Contractor shall advise the Contract Manager immediately of any changes regarding these contact persons.

Should any pollution incidents such as spillages, overflows or any other contamination occur during construction, it will be the Project Manager’s responsibility to immediately report these incidents to the relevant authorities as per the POEO Act and to Sydney Water. 7.3 Operational Environmental Management

Once operational the separated wastewater and stormwater systems will fall under the management of Sydney Water’s standard operating procedures which include regular inspections and maintenance to maintain operating standards.

Sydney Water has an established and certified (ISO9001, ISO14001, AS/ NZS 4801 and ISO/ IEC 17025) Service Delivery Integrated Management System (SDIMS) which integrates safety, quality and environmental management requirements during operation and maintenance of its wastewater and stormwater assets.

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8. Conclusion

The Woolloomooloo Wastewater Stormwater Separation Project aims to build a fully separated wastewater and stormwater collection system in order to reduce the number of wet weather wastewater overflows to Woolloomooloo Bay.

The specific objectives of the project are to:  eliminate the last combined wastewater/ stormwater system within Sydney Water’s area of operations  improve public health by reducing wastewater overflows to Woolloomooloo Bay during wet weather events  improve visual impacts through the removal of wastewater related gross pollutants from the streets and the harbour surrounding Woolloomooloo  reduce the nuisance odour emanating from the street gully pits in the Woolloomooloo area  meet discharge frequency target of 20 wastewater overflow events in 10 years and comply with environmental licence requirements for the Bondi WWTP (EPL 1688).

The project will involve construction of new wastewater pipes, stormwater pipes, maintenance chambers, sealing of interceptors and re-connection of property service lines to the new pipes. The new pipes will need to be laid adjacent to the existing combined pipes in the road pavement during lane closures.

Construction will take place during standard daytime hours wherever possible, however, there is likely to be a substantial amount of night works due to the urban nature of the sites and high traffic volumes on affected roads. The specific construction hours will be determined in consultation with City of Sydney Council and the Roads and Maritime Services (RMS) when road occupancy licences are requested during construction planning. The works will be managed in close consultation with community groups, residents, businesses and other sensitive receivers to ensure impacts are minimised to the extent possible.

Due to the large amount of night works required to construct the project, the main environmental impacts are potential noise and vibration, as well as traffic and access impacts to surrounding residents, businesses and other sensitive receivers. The works will involve noisy activities such as saw-cutting, excavation of rock and concrete and many of the receivers are located in multi-storey buildings, which reduce opportunities at the worksite for shielding of noise impacts.

The works will also take place within local heritage conservation areas and adjacent to both state and locally listed heritage items. Potential heritage impacts will be managed through the implementation of mitigation measures outlined in this REF.

In delivering this project, Sydney Water will provide a long-term environmental and public health benefit by reducing the number of wastewater overflows in the Woolloomooloo Bay.

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9. References

Aitkens, R (2015a), Tree Report, Woolloomooloo works, Evergreen Tree Services

Atkins, R (2015b), Tree Report, Sydney City and Environs, Evergreen Tree Services

Aurecon AECOM Joint Venture (AAJV) (2015), Woolloomooloo Hot Spots III Desktop Geotechnical Study

Aurecon AECOM Joint Venture (AAJV) (2015b), Woolloomooloo Sewer Separation – Construction Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Report

Aurecon AECOM Joint Venture (AAJV) (2016a) Woolloomooloo Water Infrastructure Aboriginal Due Diligence Heritage Assessment,

Aurecon AECOM Joint Venture (AAJV) (2016b), Addendum - Woolloomooloo Water Infrastructure, Due Diligence Heritage Assessment,

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) (2011) Census of Population and Housing

City of Sydney (CoS) (1992), The Central Sydney Archaeological Zoning Plan

City of Sydney (CoS) (2013), Sydney Streets Technical Specification B4 Kerbs and Gutter

Department of Primary Industries – Office of Water, (DPI) (2012), NSW Aquifer Interference Policy

Department of Primary Industries - Office of Water, (2015) NSW Office of Water Work Summary, GW114495, GW114496 and GW114497

Ensure (2015), Stream Street Sewer Separation Scheme: Expanded Geotechnical Desktop Study

Ensure (2015a), Stream Street Sewer Separation – Concept Design Report, September 2015

Ensure (2015b), Hot Spots III – Woolloomooloo Sewer Separation – Concept Design Report, September 2015

Ensure (2015c), Woolloomooloo Sewer Separation – Integrated Planning Aspects, December 2015

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2009), Interim Construction Noise Guidelines

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2014), Waste Classification Guidelines

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Contaminated Land Record, http://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/prclmapp/searchregister.aspx

Landcom (2004), Managing urban stormwater: soils and construction (the blue book)

Roads and Traffic Authority (RTA) (2010), Traffic control at worksites

Sydney Water (2016), Aboriginal Due Diligence Assessment – Woolloomooloo remaining sites

WMA Water (WMA), 2013¸Woolloomooloo Flood Study Draft Report

WMA Water (WMA), 2015a, Woolloomooloo Catchment Floodplain Risk Management Plan, Draft

WMA Water (WMA), 2015b, Woolloomooloo Catchment Floodplain Risk Management Study, Draft Report

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10. Glossary and abbreviations

A Weighted The A weighting is a frequency filter applied to measured noise levels to decibels dB(A) represent how humans hear sounds. The A-weighting filter emphasises frequencies in the speech range (between 1kHz and 4kHz) which the human ear is most sensitive to, and places less emphasis on low frequencies at which the human ear is not so sensitive. When an overall sound level is A-weighted it is expressed in units of dB(A).

ABS Australian Bureau of Statistics

ASS Acid sulphate soils

BOOS Bondi Ocean Outfall System

Catchment The area of land draining to a waterway or served by a stormwater or wastewater system.

CBD Central Business District

CEMP Construction Environmental Management Plan

CoS City of Sydney Council

CSEP Community and Stakeholder Engagement Plan

dB(A) A-weighted decibel (as outlined above)

DN Diameter nominally (mm)

DPI Department of Primary Industries

ESD Ecologically Sustainable Development

Ecosystem A community of organisms, interacting with one another, and the environment in which they live. Processes occurring within an ecosystem are the flow of energy by food chains and food webs and nutrient cycling. An ecosystem may be a pond that is dry for half a year, a lake or even a planet

Emission Anything given off as a result of a process, for example, gases, heat and odours

Environmental Any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or impact partially resulting from an organisation’s activities, products or services

EIS Environmental Impact Statement

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EPA NSW Environmental Protection Agency

EP&A Act Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979

EP&A Regulation Environmental Planning and Assessment Regulation 2000

EPBC Act Commonwealth Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1995

EPL Environmental Protection Licence issued by EPA under the POEO Act

Groundwater Water found below the surface, usually in porous rock or soil or in underground aquifers (natural underground formations that contains sufficient saturated, permeable material to yield significant quantities of water)

INT An interceptor is a connection between sewer and stormwater pipelines in combined wastewater and stormwater systems. Interceptors comprise a weir crest and a connecting pipe that joins the stormwater pipeline to the wastewater pipeline.

ISEPP State Environmental Planning Policy Infrastructure (2007)

LEP Local Environment Plan

LGA Local Government Area

MUDs Multi-unit dwellings

NML Noise Management Level

OEH NSW Office of Environment and Heritage

PASS Potential acid sulphate soils

Pollutants Contaminants in water, soil or air that, when in sufficient quantity may cause environmental degradation

Pollution Any harmful or undesirable change in the physical, chemical or biological quality of air, water or soil as a result of the release of chemicals, radioactivity, heat and large amounts of organic matter

POEO Act Protection of the Environment Operations Act 1997

RBGD Royal Botanical Gardens and Domain

RBL Rating background level, the overall single-figure background noise level for each assessment period.

REF Review of Environmental Factors

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RMS NSW Roads and Maritime Service

ROL Road Occupancy Licence issued by RMS under the Roads Act 1993 for work on classified roads

S170 Section 170 of the NSW Heritage Act 1977 requires government agencies to keep a Register of heritage items, which is called a Heritage and Conservation Register or more commonly, a S.170 Register. A S.170 Register is a record of the heritage assets owned or managed by a NSW government agency.

SDIMS Sydney Water’s Service Delivery Integrated Management System

Sediment Soil or other particles that settle to the bottom of lakes, rivers, oceans and other waters

SEPP State Environmental Planning Policy

SHR NSW State Heritage Register

SREP Sydney Regional Environmental Policy

Stakeholder A stakeholder is any individual or group, which can impact or is impacted by an organisation’s activities

Stormwater Rainwater that runs off the land, frequently carrying various forms of pollution such as litter and detritus, animal droppings and dissolved chemicals

Sustainability See ESD

TSC Act Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995

Vent shaft A ventilation shaft is used to remove gas from the wastewater system.

WARR Act Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Act 2001

Wastewater The dirty water or wastewater that goes down the drains of homes, offices, shops, factories and other premises and is discharged into the wastewater system. Also known as sewage

Water quality Physical, chemical and biological measures of water

Waterways All streams, creeks, rivers, estuaries, inlets and harbours

WM Act Water Management Act 2000

WWTP Wastewater treatment plant - a facility to improve wastewater quality before discharge to receiving waters

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APPENDIX A Clause 228 Summary

The matters listed under Clause 228 of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Regulation 2000 are addressed below and provide a summary of legislative considerations.

Clause 228 Factor REF Finding

a) any environmental impact on a The purpose of the project is to provide a long-term community positive environmental and public health benefit by reducing the number of wastewater overflows in the Woolloomooloo Bay. The main potential community impacts during construction include:  noise/ vibration  traffic/ access  air quality. These impacts may affect a large number of the local community, due to the location of the works in a highly urbanised area and the amount of night works which are likely to be required, due to lane closure requirements. Once the project is complete, there will be no long term negative environmental impact on the community.

b) transformation of a locality During construction, the locality will be transformed by the presence of lane closures and plant and equipment associated with construction sites. However, once the project is complete, there will be no long term transformation of a locality.

c) any environmental impact on During the highly urbanised nature of the project area, the ecosystem of the locality there is unlikely to be any impact on any ecosystems during construction. There may be positive ecosystem benefits achieved by a reduction in wastewater overflows into Woolloomooloo Bay.

d) a reduction of the aesthetic, There is likely to be a reduction in the aesthetic value of recreational, scientific or other the locality during construction due to the presence of environmental quality or value lane closures, laydown areas and plant/ equipment. The of the locality works will take place within established road reserves and therefore there is unlikely to be a reduction in the recreational, scientific or other environmental quality of the locality.

e) any effect upon a locality, place The works will take place within heritage conservation or building having aesthetic, areas and adjacent to heritage listed structures, as listed anthropological, archaeological, in the City of Sydney LEP 2012 and the AZP (1992). architectural, cultural, historical, Due to levels of previous disturbance there should be no scientific or social significance impact on these areas or items provided the mitigation or any other special value for measures from this REF are effectively implemented. present or future generations

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Clause 228 Factor REF Finding f) any impact on the habitat of There will be no impact on the habitat of any protected or any protected or endangered endangered fauna. fauna (within the meaning of Section 98 of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974) g) any endangering of any species There will be no endangering of any species or animal or of animal or plant or other form plant. of life, whether living on land, in water or in the air h) any long-term effects on the There is unlikely to be any long term negative effects on environment the environment from the project. However, a long-term positive benefit to the environment is expected due to the reduction in wastewater overflows to Woolloomooloo Bay. i) any degradation of the quality There will be no degradation of the quality of the of the environment environment. The objective of the project is to improve the quality of the environment by reducing wet weather wastewater overflows to Woolloomooloo Bay. In effect, the project is expected to enhance the quality of the environment. j) any risk to the safety of the There will be no risk to the safety of the environment as a environment result of the project. k) any reduction in the range of There will be no reduction in the range of beneficial uses beneficial uses of the of the environment. environment l) any pollution of the Once operational, the project will reduce the potential for environment environmental pollution of Woolloomooloo Bay from wastewater overflows. There is unlikely to be any pollution of the environment as a result of construction of the project. Mitigation measures from the REF will be incorporated by the contractor into a CEMP to mitigate the risk of polluting the environment. m) any environmental problems There is the potential to uncover contaminated material associated with the disposal of during excavation due to past filling activities in the area. waste, This will be appropriately classified and disposed of in accordance with EPA’s waste guidelines (2014). n) any increased demand on There is unlikely to be an increase in the demand on resources (natural or resources that are or likely to be in short supply. otherwise), that are, or are likely to become, in short supply o) any cumulative environmental There are potential cumulative impacts from this project effect with other existing or and other construction projects in the area (refer to section 7.6). This will need to be carefully managed in

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Clause 228 Factor REF Finding likely future activities consultation with council and other service providers during construction planning to minimise potential for cumulative construction impacts. p) any impact on coastal There will be no impact on coastal processes and processes and coastal hazards, hazards as a result of this project. including those under projected climate change conditions

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APPENDIX B Concept Plans

Note: the location of wastewater and water infrastructure shown is indicative only and subject to further development during detailed design.

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